Assignment 1

Information System Challenges in Management

MAN5901

Migma Pelmo Tamang

Student ID: 10564153
 Table of Content

SI No. Content Page no.

Task 1

1 Impact of DP World’s Manual Process 1-3

2 How Information Systems Address Challenges 3-4

Task 2

3 Identification of Ethical Principles 5

4 ECU Framework Analysis 6

5 ECU Framework Strength and Areas for Improvement 7-8

6 References 9-10
 Task 1 Response
Impact of DP World's Current Manual and Paper-based Operations
DP World, a global leader in marine and inland port operations, confronts substantial issues with
its present manual and paper-based procedures, which influence overall efficiency, ability to
make decisions, and customer relationships.
SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool that evaluates an organization's Strengths,
Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Applying this analysis to DP World's situation:
Strength
1. Adaptability and Flexibility in Managing Unique Situations
When handling complicated or unusual circumstances, manual techniques could provide greater
flexibility and adaptability (Manual Therapy, n.d.). Workers can handle certain problems that
may come up during cargo handling by using their judgment and expertise were automated
systems might not be able to offer.
2. Human Oversight and Management
Manual procedures frequently involve direct human supervision and control, which is
advantageous in some circumstances (PracticePromotions, 2023). Employees contribute another
level of quality control by, for instance, being more adept at spotting irregularities or problems in
cargo handling or paperwork that automated systems could miss.
Weakness
Overall Efficiency
1. Inefficiencies and delays
Due to manual, paper-based operations, DP World experiences delays and inefficiencies because
of the possibility of human error and the need for repeated procedures (Kim et al., 2022).
As in the case scenario, workers struggle to enter information by hand and deal with paperwork
all day. They had to manually enter details about each container, such as its contents, origin, and
destination, into several systems when the cargo arrived at a terminal. Moreover, erroneous
information may be recorded during the lengthy and laborious manual data entry process due to
human error. This discordant data, in turn, make it challenging to follow cargo movements
quickly delaying the processing of containers and their delivery to their final destinations.
2. Unnecessary Duplication
Manual procedures can lead to effort duplication, which raises operating costs and delays
processing times.
For example, DP World clients had to send identical documents in duplicate to several divisions
inside the organization. Due to the additional workforce needed for document distribution and

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verification, this repeating process of managing the same document across many touchpoints
increased operational expenses in addition to processing timeframes.
Decision Making Process
3. Slower Decision-Making
At DP World, manual procedures increase the time it takes for managers to make decisions by
requiring them to manually gather, process, and evaluate data (Norte, 2023). Thus, significant
delays in decision-making arise from this manual process.
An instance of this would be that customers had to submit several copies of the same documents
to different departments, and managers had to manually confirm and reconcile the data across
departments. This resulted in a large amount of time being spent on doing it and problems that
developed from this repetitive work. As a result of this, getting the most recent information on
container movements and other crucial port-related features became difficult and time-
consuming. For the above reasons, decisions on scheduling, resource allocation, and other
operational changes were difficult for managers.

Customer relationship

4. Processing and Servicing Delays

Processing times for handling freight and documents are frequently prolonged because of manual
and paper-based procedures. Longer wait times for customers may occur when their goods is
handled via several port operations stages (Document Automation for Logistics and Supply
Chain Management, n.d.).
In the given example, customers may become irate to frequently send numerous copies of
identical papers to several departments and also may lose faith in DP World's services as a result
of these time-consuming and duplicated procedures that slowed down cargo processing and
delivery.
Threats
Decision Making Process
1. Risk of Outdated Information
When data collection and analysis are done manually, improper data processing and collection
can lead to delays in the processing of operational information (H, 2023). A lack of current or
full data may be the cause of this delay in decision-making.
Managers may be forced to make decisions about cargo handling and scheduling based on
outdated information if, for example, customers were required to submit multiple copies of the
same documents to multiple departments and if their documents were manually processed rather
than updated in real-time across multiple systems. This can result in the wasteful use of
resources, such as assigning the incorrect amount of workers or equipment.

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Customer relationship

2. Ineffective Document Management

Customers were burdened with submitting several copies of their information, which not only
added to the delay but also the possibility of losing documents, as there were many (Consentia
Inc., 2024). Customers might get overwhelmed and face difficulties because of this improper
document management.
By way of instance, the necessity in the scenario to submit the same or comparable papers to
numerous departments raised the possibility of delays and inconsistencies. This ineffective
procedure may result in delays in shipment processing and make it more difficult to respond
quickly to client questions.
Overall Efficiency
3. Limited Scalability
The manual nature of its operations makes it more difficult for DP World to grow effectively and
scale efficiently.
As an example, consider the requirement that DP World oversees operations at its 78 ports,
which are located in over 40 nations on six continents, while also managing up to 174,000
containers per day. In a worldwide organization, these complicated and expansive, manual,
paper-based operations can cause serious delays and make growing effectively difficult.
Opportunities
1. Scalability and Expansion
Information system integration can assist DP World's expansion goal by enabling it to scale
operations more successfully as it controls ports in several nations on multiple continents.
2. Technological Transformation
By implementing modern technologies like blockchain, IoT, and AI, DP World can improve
efficiency across all of its terminals, minimize mistakes, and simplify processes.
How Information Systems Could Address Challenges and Lead to Improvements
Integrating information systems will help DP World overcome challenges and improve decision-
making, customer happiness, and operational efficiency.
Overall Efficiency
i. Automating Processes
By automating daily operations, DP World will cut down on manual labor thus lowering the
possibility of human mistake (Dempsey, 2018). Moreover, wait times may be considerably
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lowered by automating the processing of container movements, which will improve cargo
management and the flow of commodities through the port.
ii. Real-time Data Access
Managers will be able to monitor cargo and operations more efficiently because information
systems provide them real-time access to vital data (Dempsey, 2018b). This improves the flow of
resources and goods by enabling quick identification and the elimination of time delays.
iii. Easy Paperwork
Documentation digitization accelerates operation and cuts down on processing time. Simplifying
interactions and speeding up transaction times not only increases internal productivity but also
improves customer service.
Decision-making Capabilities
i. Data Integration
By combining data from many sources, information systems provide managers a thorough
understanding of operations (Frey, 2018). Having access to this thorough and current
information improves scheduling, resource allocation, and strategy planning.
ii. Predictive analytics
Advanced data analytics allow DP World to foresee operational difficulties and shifts in the
market. By taking proactive measures to resolve possible problems and seize opportunities,
managers may preserve productivity and competitiveness (Frey, 2018b).
Customer Satisfaction
i. Improved Service Delivery
Information systems reduce customer wait times and enhance overall service quality by
expediting the processing of documents and cargo thus leading to increased customer satisfaction
and loyalty (Anshari et al., 2019).
ii. Improved Communication
DP World and its clients can communicate more easily thanks to integrated systems. Customers'
experience is enhanced overall when they have more visibility and control over their logistics
thanks to real-time updates on shipments.
iii. Personalization and customization
DP World is able to adjust services to meet the unique requirements and preferences of its clients
thanks to information technology. Personalized services that improve customer pleasure and
experience are provided by the organization through the utilization of client data (Anshari et al.,
2019b).

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 Task 2 Response
Edith Cowan University (ECU) Framework

Ethical Principles
Thorough set of ethical guidelines that are consistent with the ideals of the institution is
embodied in the ECU Framework for the Productive and Ethical Use of AI. Following principles
are intended in order to promote a responsible and balanced approach that aligns with ECU's
strategic vision and values.
a) Courage: The audacious use of AI while upholding moral standards and balancing AI
use with ECU principles. They use AI with a daring approach while maintaining a high
standard of ethical inquiry (Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, 2023).
The university pledges, despite any obstacles, to deploy AI in a way that is consistent
with its ideals.
b) Integrity: Clarity and openness in AI systems are prioritized by ECU. In order to
increase responsibility and trust in the application of AI, the framework encourages
auditable processes (Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, 2023b).
c) Personal Excellence: The framework emphasizes the growth of human capability and
supervision in the application of AI. It guarantees that the process of making decisions
always revolves on human judgment (Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia,
2023c).
d) Rational Inquiry: ECU promotes the utilization of a variety of trustworthy sources of
knowledge while fostering critical interaction with AI. This idea improves staff and
student media, information, and data literacy.
e) Respect: The framework supports the preservation of equity, diversity, privacy, and
intellectual property. All parties engaged are intended to have their rights and interests
protected.
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 ECU Framework Analysis

Facts: The framework seeks to direct the moral use of AI in

fields including education, learning, research, and productivity
Identification and within organizations.
description of facts Ethical Concerns: Data privacy, transparency, responsible AI
adoption, human supervision, mistake responsibility, and
possible AI exploitation.

Conflict: Balance between the possible advantages of AI and

Defining the conflict and moral issues like privacy, equality, and responsibility.
identifying the higher- Higher-Order Values: In navigating the deployment of AI, the
order values involved paradigm takes into account values like responsibility,
transparency, human supervision, and justice.

Stakeholders include ECU staff, students, researchers,

Identifying the administrators, IT professionals, and external partners (e.g.,
stakeholders industry collaborators). Each group has varying levels of
engagement and interest in the ethical use of AI.

Transparent AI Practices: AI systems must be transparent and

explainable.
Human Oversight: Making sure that human discretion and
monitoring are used while using AI, particularly during decision-
making.
Identifying the options Protection of Privacy: Preserving privacy by following data
that you can reasonably security guidelines and limiting data access.
take Ethics Education: Continually educating and training
employees and students on the ethics of artificial intelligence.
Formal feedback mechanisms should be established so that
interested parties may voice their worries and recommendations
about the application of AI.

Transparent AI Practices: This choice however calls for

rigorous observation and unambiguous communication.
Human Oversight: By adding more oversight, it slow down AI
Identifying the potential operations.
consequences of your Privacy protection: Strict privacy laws, however, could restrict
options AI's potential advantages.
Ethical Training: Needs resources and continuous dedication.
Feedback mechanisms: It might cause decision-making
processes to delay.

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A methodological strategy for addressing ethical quandaries resulting from the incorporation of
AI in higher education is provided by the ECU Framework. By providing a precise set of ethical
principles, the framework makes it possible for the employment of AI to align with the
objectives and core values of the university (Edith Cowan University & Edith Cowan University,
Perth, Western Australia, 2023).
Strengths of the framework
1. Comprehensive Ethical Principles
The framework defines five ethical principles namely courage, integrity, personal excellence,
rational inquiry, and respect. These principles addresses ethical issues, such as transparency,
privacy, inclusivity, and human supervision. This all-inclusive strategy guarantees a solid basis
for the ethical application of AI (ECU Guidelines for Using Artificial Intelligence | Information
Technology and Computing Services | ECU, n.d.).
As an example, the integrity principle encourages clarity and auditable procedures, which
highlight openness in AI systems. This promotes user trust and guarantees the moral use of AI.

2. Guidance for Risk Assessment

The framework comes with a Guide for Understanding Risk to help teachers and students assess
the possible hazards of using AI. This facilitates rational decision-making and guarantees
appropriate AI interaction, both of which are essential for upholding moral norms(ECU
Guidelines for Using Artificial Intelligence | Information Technology and Computing Services |
ECU, n.d.).
For instance, the handbook makes use of the CSIRO's discussion paper on an Australian AI
ethics framework to guarantee adherence to national ethical guidelines and offer a strong
framework for risk management.
3. Practical Guidelines for Responsible Use
The framework includes practical recommendations for appropriate usage in a variety of fields,
including education, research, and learning (Adams et al., 2023). These useful recommendations
provide doable actions to successfully use ethical concepts.
For proof, the learning and teaching standards prioritize student data safety and equity while
offering best practices for using AI into educational activities.
4. Oversight committees
An extra degree of responsibility and scrutiny is added when committees that are already in place
are involved in monitoring higher-risk applications of AI. This framework encourages the
deployment and observation of AI responsibly (Adams et al., 2023).
As an evidence, in evaluating and supervising AI usage, the framework details the participation
of groups like the Learning Technologies Advisory Group and Research Ethics committees. The
observance of ethical norms is guaranteed by this oversight.
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5. Community of advisers
By creating a community of advisers, continuous assistance and knowledge for artificial
intelligence decision-making are guaranteed. This strategy makes it easier for ethical standards to
be applied consistently throughout the campus.
For instance, those having accountability in pertinent functional areas and members of working
groups are examples of advisors. Informed choices and responsibility are encouraged in the use
of AI under this framework.
Areas of Improvement
1. Clarity in Implementation
Although the framework offers general ethical concepts, more in-depth instructions on how to
apply these principles in particular situations might improve comprehension and compliance
(OSF, n.d.). That is staff members and students would be assisted in regularly adopting ethical
principles if they were given tangible examples of how to incorporate these concepts into various
use cases (such as research projects and administrative activities).
2. Continuous Education and Training
Stressing the need for employees and students to get continuous AI ethics education and training
helps guarantee that the ethical standards are applied consistently throughout time. That is staff
members and students can be better prepared to handle the ethical and responsible usage of AI by
creating training courses and seminars on the subject.
3. Feedback and Revision Procedures
Creating formal procedures for getting feedback from stakeholders and making required
revisions to the framework can aid in adapting it to changing ethical issues and technical
breakthroughs (OSF, n.d.). The framework's continuous applicability and efficacy may be
ensured by putting in place frequent evaluations and upgrades based on user feedbacks and new
developments in AI ethics.
4. Improved Reporting and Monitoring
It may provide insights on how AI is being used in universities in practical ways. It is possible to
spot possible ethical problems and take early action by implementing regular audits of AI use
and results combined with open reporting.
5. Engagement of Stakeholders
A larger variety of stakeholders, such as students and outside partners will offer
diverse perspectives thus enhancing the framework's applicability (How to Engage Stakeholders
in AI Use Policy Development, n.d.). That is the framework may be improved to better meet the
interests and concerns of all parties involved by soliciting feedback from a range of voices, like
as students and industry partners.

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 References
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cabin crew. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public

Health/International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5696.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095696

Norte, J. (2023, August 7). Digitizing for efficiency: Automating manual processes - impacting

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H, E. (2023, July 30). The Limitations of manual data processing: Overcoming human error and

inefficiency | Insightvity. Insightvity. https://insightvity.com/manual-data-processing-

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Document automation for logistics and supply chain management. (n.d.).

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Consentia Inc. (2024, February 12). Boost Efficiency and Security with Digital Document

Management. Consentia LLC. https://consentia.com/how-digital-document-management-

can-help-improve-efficiency-and-security/

Dempsey, M. (2018, March 8). Digitalising Container Supply Chains: Why Live Data from the

IoT Holds the Key. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/digitalising-container-supply-chains-

why-live-data-from-dempsey

Frey, L. J. (2018). Data integration strategies for predictive analytics in precision medicine.

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Anshari, M., Almunawar, M. N., Lim, S. A., & Al‐Mudimigh, A. S. (2019). Customer

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aci.2018.05.004

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framework-for-ai-use

ECU Guidelines for using Artificial intelligence | Information Technology and Computing

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