MARYHILL COLLEGE

COVID-19 AND ITS ECONOMIC IMPACT: LOOKING INTO THE LIVED EXPERIENCE OF
THE LUCENA BADJAO COMMUNITY

A Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of
The College of Teacher Education
Maryhill College
Lucena City

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Secondary Education
Major in Social Studies

Ericka V. Barbacena
Clarisse C. Cabarles
Krezz Ann R. Esguerra
Lemuel J. Mejillano

April 2022
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APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled “COVID-19 AND ITS ECONOMIC IMPACT: LOOKING INTO THE LIVED
EXPERIENCE OF THE LUCENA BADJAO COMMUNITY” prepared by Ms. Barbacena,
Ericka V., Ms. Carbales, Clarisse C., Ms. Esguerra, Krezz Ann R., and Mr. Mejillano,
Lemuel J., in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Secondary
Education, major in Social Studies had been examined and passed the Oral Examination.

ARJUN V. ADAME, MA
Thesis Adviser

ORAL EXAMINATION COMMITTEE

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a rating of _______.

JULIO RAMILLO A. MERCURIO, MAEd

Chairperson

AILLEEN A. AVERILLA, PhD. MARY ROSE M. CABANGON, PhD.

Member Member

Approved and accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor
of Secondary Education, major in Social Studies.

MARY ROSE M. CABANGON, PhD.

Dean, Higher Education Department

Date of Final Defense: April 25, 2022

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CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

We, the undersigned student-researchers, do herewith declare that the materials

contained in this thesis entitled: “COVID-19 AND ITS ECONOMIC IMPACT: LOOKING INTO
THE LIVED EXPERIENCE OF THE LUCENA BADJAO COMMUNITY” is an original work
under the guidance and supervision of our research adviser.
To the best of our knowledge, it contains no material previously published or written by
another person without due recognition and citation. We further attest that this research paper
does not contain any material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for reward of any
degree or diploma in Maryhill College, or other institutions of learning, except where due
acknowledgement is made in the paper.
Moreover, we declare that the intellectual content of this research undertaking is the
product of our work, even though we have received assistance from others on style,
presentation and language expression.
We are fully aware that in the event Maryhill College, duly represented by its
Administrators and Faculty, eventually discover that our attestations herein are not so, we
accept the right of the College to impose the appropriate sanctions, including the cancellation of
the degree granted to us.

BARBACENA, ERICKA V.
CABARLES, CLARISSE C.
ESGUERRA, KREZZ ANN R.
MEJILLANO, LEMUEL J.

ARJUN V. ADAME, MA April 2022

Adviser
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The success of this research would not be possible without taking into account the

combined efforts of every person involved in the success of the study. The researchers desire to

extend their appreciation and heartfelt gratitude to the people who have played important roles

and lent their valuable time to support the completion of this paper.

Mr. Arjun V. Adame, our researcher adviser, for spending time and effort with us in this

quest for new knowledge, his unconditional and unending support, motivation, guidance and on

point insights is very instrumental to the completion of this study.

Mr. Julio Ramillo A. Mercurio, the chairperson of our Oral Examination Committee,

together with its member: Dr. Mary Rose M. Cabangon and Dr. Ma, Aillen A. Averilla, for their

meticulous reading of this study, as well as their valuable suggestions, comments and inputs

that gave way to improve this scholarly work and make it more meaningful.

Mrs. Mayshell D. Rañada, Acting Social Welfare & Development Officer, for allowing us

to conduct this study with her guidance and assistance to the researcher and for and with Mrs.

Nora Palacio, for spending her time and helping us for our research output.

PSSg. Ana Paral, Police Community Relation Head-Police Staff Sergeant, for allowing

us to conduct the study with her guidance and assistance to the researcher.

Barangay Barra Officials, Hon. Amelia Sobreviñas, for allowing us to conduct the

study, and with Purok 3B Leader Lorena Emradura, for guiding and helping us throughout the

data gathering.

To our twelve participants (the Badjao Indigenous Households), who welcomed the

researchers into their respected home and being cooperative for answering all the required

questions.

Family and friends, who never fail to support the researcher and keep on encouraging

to pursue this study as weas their hope and dreams

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Most importantly, to the PARENTS of the researchers for their encouragement, love,

support and for serving as their inspiration.

Above all, to the ALMIGHTY GOD, the Source of life and Fount of all Wisdom, for the

spiritual guide, hope, and blessing that this study would be successful.

The Researchers
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DEDICATION

To Mommy and Mama Buena Fe Almarinez and Lorena A. Villamayor. To my comrade

for supporting me unconditionally and cheering me up. The researcher was able to pass

hardship and see other perspective in life. Thank you!

E.V.B.
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DEDICATION

A special feeling of gratitude to my loving parents Cherry Cabarles and Allan Daulat

whose words of encouragement give me strength to pursue my research: to my sister Airesh C.

Cabarles who supported me financially, to my friends Pia and Mary who supported me

throughout the process, I appreciate all you have done; and lastly, to the Almighty God, Thank

you!

C.C.C.
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DEDICATION

To our God Almighty for giving us patience, strength and knowledge to pursue this

paper; to my parents, Mrs. Caridad Esguerra, and Mr. Atilano Esguerra. to my colleagues, I

dedicated this research to you guys, and to my loving family thank you for the never-ending love

and support.

K.A.R.E.
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DEDICATION

To my family, for believing in me and allowing me to further my studies, to Badjao

indigenous community of Barra for speaking up and sharing their untold life stories, I was able

to admire the loveliness of life and learn the love of family is much more important than wealth

and privilege, and lastly to God, for giving me strength, talent, and knowledge to pursue this

study.

L. J. M.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page

TITLE PAGE ......................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL SHEET ............................................................................................. ii
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY ........................................................................ iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................... iv
DEDICATION ....................................................................................................... vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................... x
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................... xii
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................. xiii
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... xv

CHAPTER
I INTRODUCTION
Introduction.................................................................................................. 1
Conceptual Background and Purpose of the Study .................................... 5
Research Objectives ................................................................................... 10
Significance of the Study ............................................................................ 11
Research Simulacrum ................................................................................. 13

II METHODOLOGY
Research Design......................................................................................... 16
Participants of the Study ............................................................................. 17
Research Locale ......................................................................................... 19
Research Instrument.................................................................................... 20
Data Gathering Procedure........................................................................... 20
Data Analysis............................................................................................... 22
Scope and Limitations of the Study ............................................................ 24
Ethical Considerations ................................................................................ 25

III RESULTS AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

Part I - Lived Experiences of Badjao Families During the First and
Second Quarters of the CoViD-19 Pandemic of 2020............... 26
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Part II - Economic Impacts of the First and Second Quarters of the
CoViD-19 Pandemic of 2020 on Food Security, Employment
and Working Conditions of Badjao Indigenous Households...... 36
Part III - Coping Mechanisms of Badjao Households on the Economic
Impacts Brought by the First and Second Quarters of CoViD-
19 Pandemic of 2020................................................................. 61
Part IV - The Suggested Documentary Video Film.................................. 69

V DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Discussions ................................................................................................. 71
Conclusions ................................................................................................ 80 xi
Recommendations ...................................................................................... 84

REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 87

APPENDICES

A - Reseach Output: “Krisis: Dokumentaryo sa mga Katutubong Badjao”

................................................................................................. 95
B - Letters and 98
Certifications .....................................................................
C - Research Instrument ........................................................................... 112
D - Interview Transcript ............................................................................. 114
E - Gantt Chart .......................................................................................... 128
F - Photo Documentation........................................................................... 130

CURRICULUM VITAE ....................................................................................... 144

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Title Page
Number

1 Conceptual Framework (adapted from Indigenous Navigator

framework) on the Lived Experiences and Economic Impacts of
Covid- 19 Pandemic on Badjao Indigenous Community ................. 5
2 Research Simulacrum of the Study, “A Phenomenological Study
on Badjao Community’s Lived Experiences Amidst CoViD-19
Pandemic Crisis and Its Economic Impacts” ................................... 13
3 Phases of Thematic Analysis by Braun and Clarke (2006) ............. 22
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LIST OF TABLES
Tables Title Page
Number
1 Results of the Responses of Participants on the Households’
Perceptions Towards CoViD-19 Pandemic ..................................... 26
2 Results of the Responses of Participants on Indigenous
Households’ Experiences During the First and Second Quarters of
the Covid-19 Pandemic of 2020 ...................................................... 29
3 Results of the Responses of the Participants on the Households’
Feelings Towards the Experiences During the First and Second
Quarters of the CoViD-19 Pandemic of 2020 ................................. 33
4 Results of the Responses of Participants on the Status of Food
System in Badjao Families Amidst First and Second Quarters of
Covid-19 Pandemic of 2020 ............................................................ 36
5 Results of the Responses of Participants on the Feelings Towards
Food Insecurity During First and Second Quarters of CoVid-19
Pandemic of 2020 ........................................................................... 40
6 Results of the Responses of Participants on the Perceptions
Towards Local Government Emergency Relief Food Operations
During the First and Second Quarters of Covid-19 Pandemic of
2020 ................................................................................................ 43
7 Results of the Responses of Participants on the Status of
Employment and Livelihoods During the First and Second
Quarters of Covid-19 Pandemic of 2020 ...................................... 46
8 Results of the Responses of Participants on the Perceptions of
Badjao Households on their Work Experiences Amidst First and
Second Quarters of Covid-19 Pandemic of 2020 .......................... 48
9 Results of the Responses of Participants on the Sufficiency of
Work and Livelihoods in Sustaining Family Needs Amidst First
and Second Quarters of Covid-19 Pandemic of 2020 .................... 50
10 Results of the Responses of Participants on the Impacts of First
and Second Quarter of Covid-19 Pandemic of 2020 on Work
and/or Livelihoods of Badjao Families ............................................ 53
11 Results of the Responses of Participants on the Status and
Conditions of Badjao Families’ Work and Livelihoods Amidst First
and Second Quarters of Covid-19 Pandemic of 2020 .................... 55
12 Results of the Responses of the Participants on the Impacts of
First and Second Quarters of Covid-19 Pandemic of 2020 on the
Working Condition of Badjao Households ...................................... 57
13 Results of the Responses of Participants on the Coping
Mechanisms and Strategies of in Dealing with the Food Insecurity
Brought by the Covid-19 Pandemic ................................................ 61
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14 Results of the Responses of Participants on the Coping
Mechanisms and Strategies in Work-Related Problems Brought
by the First and Second Quarters of Covid-19 Pandemic of 64
2020 ...................
15 Results of the Responses of Participants on the Coping
Mechanisms and Strategies in Dealing with the Poor Working
Conditions
xiv Brought by the CoViD-19 66
Pandemic ..............................
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ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to characterize the Badjao community's lived experiences

during CoViD-19 and to determine the effects of the phenomena on their economic well-being.

The phenomenological research design of this study were employed to directly analyze,

interpret and give clear analysis to understand and explain the global essence of the CoViD-19

phenomena and has utilized 12 head of household participants that fell within four age brackets:

3 participants from Generation Z (18-25 years old), 3 participants from Millennials (26-41), 3

from Generation X (42-57) and Boomers II (58-67) to accumulate the phenomenological status

of all the age groups within the community. Subsequently, the results revealed that in terms of

lived experiences, Badjao households experienced unemployment, isolation, and burden on

social and work life and felt extreme loneliness, fear and stress as emotional responses to their

experiences during the first and second quarters of 2020. Whereas, in terms of economic

consequences, the Badjao families experienced food insecurity, job loss and reduced income,

as well as poor working conditions. Furthermore, to cope with such severe economic

consequences, indigenous households continue their traditional labor and livelihoods and used

short-term solutions such as side jobs and adherence to health protocols. Thereby, the

researchers proposed a documentary video film entitled "Krisis" to feature and raise awareness

about the real situation of the Badjao indigenous tribe in the time of Corona Virus Disease 2019

crisis by capturing the community households' lived experiences and economic impacts of such

phenomenon.

Keywords: lockdown, pandemic, COVID-19, lived experiences, Badjao, indigenous households

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Chapter I
INTRODUCTION

In late December 2019, the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) — the

severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was discovered in China with

pneumonia of unclear cause. The virus may have originated in a wholesale seafood street

market in Wuhan, Hubei Province, where live animals are sold. The virus propagated quickly

from its presumed genesis point. COVID-19 was declared a "pandemic" by the World Health

Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. (Mulugeta et al., 2021). As of November 4, 2020, there

have been 47.8 million confirmed coronavirus cases, with over 1.2 million people dying as a

result (Worldomoter, 2020). Despite the fact that the virus has a vaccine, governments continue

to follow SARS-CoV-2 preventative guidelines. Social distance, school closures, cancellation of

activities and social gatherings, hand cleanliness, travel limitations, contact tracing, and testing

are among the most essential nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Moreover, numerous

governments declared states of emergency and imposed partial lockdowns, forcing billions of

people to adjust to a new normal in the face of the epidemic.

The exceptional and rapid disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated

existing political, social, and economic fractures in the Philippines, where lockdown measures

are regularly used to combat pandemic outbreaks. Because of the significant increase in cases,

the entire island of Luzon has been placed under Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ).

With the exception of key industries like as health, finance, and food, people's mobility was

restricted under ECQ. In spite of having one of the world's and longest pandemic lockdowns

(Dadap-Cantal et al., 2020), the Philippines continues to have one of Southeast Asia's fastest

growing rates of cases. COVID-19 has spread across the country. As per data, CoViD-19 has
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spread across the country, with over 600,000 confirmed cases and 12,837 deaths, as of mid-

January 2021 (DOH, 2021).

While health professionals believe that the virus is prejudice-free, modern culture and

society are. IPs suffer disproportionately as a result of the virus pandemic's response, and they

are especially vulnerable to being left out of government remedies as a result of the multiple

injustices they endure. The epidemic has affected about 470 million IPs worldwide, with serious

effects for their well-being, economic activity or livelihoods, and health (DeLuca, 2020; UNFAO,

2020). Indigenous people are indeed among the world's most vulnerable groups in terms of

health and loss of livelihood (UNDESA, 2020). Considering their health and safety, indigenous

people have a lack of access to effective monitoring and early-warning systems, and adequate

health and social services to adapt to the pandemic (UN DESA, 2019). In the workplace, the

pandemic has compelled them to deal with numerous threats to their traditional livelihoods and

economic work, according to the International Labor Organization (2019), such as being forced

to deal with difficulties in securing decent work, discrimination, low skills, and non-recognition of

traditional skills, receive lower wages, job loss, and inability to work in the formal economy.

Under this pressure of the increasing threats and insecurities of their livelihoods, inadequate

access to social protection and services, and limited opportunities in the formal economy, many

have migrated away from their traditional areas to seek a living in the informal economy (ILO,

2019).

Furthermore, a regional social organization in the Philippines warned that IPs would die

of hunger rather than the virus (AIPP, 2020). Around 14-17 million Filipinos belong to 110

groups of ethnoliquistic (UNDP, 2013), that rely largely on farming, fishing, and tourism and

making handmade crafts. In addition, the lockdown along with its restrictions on peoples’

mobility to go about their daily economic lifestyle and livelihoods have a major impact on

acquiring water, energy, health food, and land security, among others. Indigenous
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entrepreneurial ventures should be protected and fostered, and indigenous people's lives and

local economies should be enhanced in ensuring sustainability within their communities,

according to Omaza (2019).

Similarly, the Badjao and Sama Dilaut are two vulnerable IPs in the Philippines that have

been severely impacted by the pandemic. They are being seen as small ethnic Sama group

(being called as Bajao, Badjau, Bajaw, Pal'au, Samal Laut, Lutao, Orang Laut, Sama Dilaut)

which popularly known as "sea gypsies" among Western people, but being recognized as Sama

Dilaut in the areas, according to Bangsamoro (2019). Among all the Philippines' indigenous

peoples, the Badjao are currently the most marginalized group and considered as one of the

poorest tribes. However, because this group is very nomadic and spread out across a large

area, including the northern tip of Luzon, getting an exact census and data is challenging

(NCCA, n.d). Many Badjao families were forced to flee their villages due to war and turmoil,

settling in the more-quiet coastal parts of Luzon, particularly in Quezon. In Barangay Barra,

Lucena City, Quezon, 64 households reside along the coast, hoping for a better future for their

children through local government and NGOs support and social services. They are traditionally

fishermen, but due to limited access to fishing areas, many have had to change to other

occupations in the city center in order to maintain their livelihoods.

As a result, the necessity for high-quality data on the circumstances of these indigenous

peoples, which can be utilized to support targeted initiatives for them, becomes even more

apparent. Accessing disaggregated data on such groups has been difficult so far, as data

collection and disaggregation on indigenous peoples is either insufficient or non-existent (UN

n.d.). In the framework of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is currently an insufficient and lack of

qualitative and quantitative data on the current state of indigenous peoples at the local and

community level (Indigenous Navigator, 2020). Furthermore, based on an empirical study

determining and understanding their basic needs in the midst of the crisis, (Sarmiento, 2021)
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emphasized the importance of including vulnerable groups, such as IPs, migrants, and

refugees, in government and health-care interventions and plans to combat coronavirus

disease. Furthermore, according to the UN Inter- Agency Support Group (2021), the absence of

recognition of millions of IPs in some countries results in their invisibility in terms of identity,

data, and statistics, and thus access to fundamental public services and economic

compensation packages. Due to a lack of quantitative and qualitative data, accurately

diagnosing the pandemic's impact on IPs and formulating an adequate pandemic response is

difficult. One of the important components of the system's COVID-19 response, according to the

agency, is supporting and aiding IPs in data collection on the impact of COVID19 by ensuring

that data is disaggregated by ethnicity so that the pandemic's impact on indigenous peoples can

be examined.

Undoubtedly, this phenomenological study aimed to address the phenomenon of this

insufficient data of undetermined economic impacts of the pandemic on the Badjao as well as

their lived experiences in the midst of it. The focus of the problem was on the Badjaos'

testimonies and personal experiences in the phenomenon of the present pandemic, with a focus

on the three economic development indicators of (1) food security, (2) employment and

livelihood, and (3) working conditions. Furthermore, this study strived to provide first-hand

knowledge and shed light on the current economic situation of the Badjao by relying on a

collaborative and community-led data-gathering effort from one indigenous or ethnic minority

group indigenous community in Barangay Barra during this COVID-19 pandemic. This study

identified how the specified economic indicators fuel disproportional impacts of the pandemic on

the indigenous or ethnic minority group. In the latter, this study proposed and created a

documentary video film that featured and captured the real situation and experiences of the

Badjao indigenous households.

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Conceptual Background and Purpose of the Study

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework (adapted from Indigenous Navigator framework) on the Covid-
19 and Its Economic Impact: Looking Into the Lived Experience of the Lucena Badjao
Community

Indigenous peoples face a high degree of economic marginalization, according to the

United Nations (2020), and are disproportionately vulnerable in public health emergencies,

employment, and economic activity. Due to variables such as a lack of access to early-warning

systems and appropriate monitoring, adequate food, money, and social services, they are

becoming even more at risk throughout this worldwide epidemic. Because of lack of data or
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records on indigenous people's existing position and needs during the epidemic, such

insufficiencies have not been properly addressed.

Thus, this study added to and filled the gap in data on the current economic status of a

particualar indigenous group, the Badjao, during the pandemic crisis, in order to assess the

crisis's impacts and prioritize the community's current needs. As a result, an inclusive and

community-based assessment of the Badjao community's risks and requirements is required in

order to comprehend the indigenous peoples' unique predicament, particularly in terms of their

economic well-being. In the framework of CoViD-19 pandemic, this research study was an

effective solution to the paucity of qualitative and quantitative data on the plight of indigenous

peoples like the Badjao at the local and community level. Moreover, the result and findings of

this study contributed to the design of the government’s COVID-19 response and recovery

measures that are now respectful of the rights of indigenous individuals and support their

livelihoods, economies, and resilience.

Furthermore, in order to achieve the study's goal, the researchers adapted the

indigenous navigator framework as a conceptual framework (shown on page 5) to illustrate what

the researchers expected to find through the study. This defined the relevant variables for this

study and mapped out how these variables related and connected to each other. Furthermore,

the indigenous navigator framework was created in 2014 in response to a global paucity of

qualitative and quantitative data on indigenous peoples' status at the local and community level.

The International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), the Asia Indigenous People's Pact

(AIPP), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the Danish Institute for Human Rights

(DIHR), Tebtebba, and the Forest People's Programme collaborated on this endeavor (FPP). It

served as the conceptual foundation for a global community-based framework for monitoring

Indigenous Peoples' rights and development (IWGIA, 2020).

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According to International Labour Organization (2020), the indigenous navigator

framework has proven to be beneficial in times of crisis, as it was been used before in 11

countries including the Philippines amidst the pandemic. The navigator has been able to gather

up-to-date and first-hand information on the issues indigenous communities are encountering

during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the measures they are doing to cope with this

circumstance, thanks to their existing network with other countries. This timely knowledge is

critical for developing inclusive COVID-19 crisis responses that consider indigenous peoples'

perspectives, with the goal of achieving a "better normal" (ILO 2020f).

Furthermore, figure 1, as adapted from the framework of Indigenous Navigator used four

components, namely structure, process, outcome, feedback, and used an additional component

which is the output that was generated conclusively. The researchers used the COVID-19

phenomenon and the government’s response and recovery measures as structure. This

described the context in which the objectives of this study will be anchored. Also, to reflect the

background and characteristics of the COVID-19 phenomenon and the government’s plan and

strategies in dealing with the pandemic which could possibly make an impact on the Badjao

community. Furthermore, the process described how the study's main goal, which was to

describe Badjao's living experiences during the CoViD-19 crisis and determine its economic

impacts on three economic development indicators (food security, employment, and working

conditions), was determined and analyzed, and the outcome displayed the commonalities

among the data collected. Following that, the study's findings gave feedback to the framework in

which the COVID-19 was described in terms of its economic impact on the Badjao indigenous

population. Also, based on the findings and results of this study, the outcome presented

recommendations, ideas, and evaluations about the effectiveness of the government's recovery

and response measures, so that they can be enhanced and improved.

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Lastly, the combined components (structure, process, outcome, and feedback) help

crafted the output, a documentary video film entitled “Krisis” in order to promote the living

experiences of Badjao as an ethnic minority group who needed various help amid pandemic

and also bring awareness on the current economic living conditions of Badjao while in crisis

which could possibly establish respectful views towards the indigenous groups and ethnic

minority groups like Badjao.

Coping Theory

This research was based on Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) coping theory, which defines

coping as "continually altering cognitive and behavioral efforts to deal with specific external and

internal stresses that are deemed to be difficult or exceeding the person's resources”. They

thought that there are numerous approaches to dealing with a stressful circumstance. Coping

refers to people's conscious and unconscious efforts to solve difficulties and relieve stress. It's

the mind's built-in troubleshooting program, which seeks to get it back to its best working state.

Coping skills, also known as coping strategies in psychology, are a set of adaptive mechanisms

that we use to prevent burnout. People's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors can be used as

tools to cope with stressful situations, and they are depending on their personality patterns.

Furthermore, this study argues that the COVID-19 epidemic is clearly putting a huge

strain on people, causing not only social and economic instability but also mental diseases such

as stress, depression, and anxiety. People, particularly indigenous peoples, may face stress

and daily hardships as one of the many effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the

epidemic, they may struggle to meet their financial responsibilities, provide appropriate food for

their families, and even keep their employment, all of which add to their stress. However, coping

theory suggests that they may use emotional, behavioral, and financial coping methods to cope

with and overcome these difficulties. At some point, the researchers are not only expecting to

define the economic living conditions of Badjao, know the common economic impacts of the
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pandemic to their community, but also explore the existing coping strategies of this community

to live through the consequences and impacts of the pandemic.

Resiliency Theory

Tousignant (2009) noted in Resilience and Aboriginal Communities in Crisis: Theory and

Interventions that "resilience is indeed contingent on the ability of the individual to survive, as

well as the presence of a protective environment, which enables this ability to be exercised"

(Notter, MacTavish & Shamah, 2008). For the aim of this study, according to Tousignant & Sioui

(2009), resilience is " a process in which an individual's survival characteristics interact with his

or her surroundings in order to cope with adversity" (Fleming & Ledogar, 2008; Kirmayer et al.,

2011). Indigenous structures shift the emphasis from individuals to cultural and community

resilience. Indigenous community resilience is being defined as "the ability of a distinct

community or cultural system to accept disruptions, reorganize while experiencing change, and

retain important structural and identity features that preserve its distinctness" (Healy, as cited in

Tousignant & Sioui, 2009).

In relation to this study, the Badjao community is a minority population that has been

directly touched by the COVID-19 pandemic, and they have proven to be robust throughout this

period of pandemic. The impacts brought by the COVID-19 in the economic living experiences

of the Badjao could be reciprocated by the economic resiliencies of the community through the

impositions of various coping strategies that would be known in the result of this study. Despite

the stress or trauma caused by the pandemic crisis, this vulnerable minority may be able to

adjust successfully.
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Research Objectives

Based on personal experiences, testimonies, and perspectives of indigenous household

participants, this study determined and characterized the lived realities of Badjao community

households throughout the first and second quarters of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis of 2020

and its economic consequences. Specifically, this study attempted to:

1. Describe the lived experiences of the Badjao community households during the first

and second quarters of COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, concerning the following

factors:

1.1 Personal Perceptions

1.2 Personal Experiences

1.3 Feelings Towards Experiences

2. Determine the economic impacts of the first and second quarters of COVID-19

pandemic of 2020 on the Badjao community households, concerning the following

specified economic development indicators:

2.1 Food Security

2.2 Employment and Livelihood

2.3 Working Conditions

3. Determine the common coping strategies of Badjao households in managing with the

determined economic impacts of the first and seconds quarters of COVID-19

pandemic of 2020 such as:

3.1 Food Insecurity

3.2 Work-Related Problems

3.3 Poor Working Conditions

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4. Create a documentary video film that captures the Badjao community's lived experiences

during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and its devastating economic consequences.

Significance of the Study

The significance of this study will be beneficial for the economic development of the

Badjao community, an ethnic minority group in Barangay Barra, Lucena City, as this study

described and analyzed the living experiences of them during COVID-19 pandemic, also the

economic impacts of such phenomenon concerning the following economic development

indicators: (1) food security, (2) employment, and (3) working conditions, which could help the

Local Government Unit of Lucena City and NGOs to take proper and appropriate measures of

recovery and response on the economic consequences brought by the pandemic. Thus, this

strengthens, maintain and promote Badjao members’ local economies. The findings will be

beneficial, specifically to the following:

To begin with, to the Local Government of Lucena City as this study encourage to

provide first-hand information about the economic living experiences of the Badjao ethnic

minority group in Barangay Barra when it comes to their food security, employment, and

livelihood, and working conditions. This study also helped the LGU to track the status and

economic development of the Badjao that urged them to plan, design, and implement measures

for recovery and response to the economic consequences brought by the pandemic. This also

offered a qualitative data result to the government to specify what particular aspects of Badjaos’

lives need to be prioritized, empowered, and strengthened in the midst of a pandemic

Additionally, this study is expected to be beneficial to the Department of Social Welfare

and Development (DSWD) as this study helped them to have recorded data of the current

economic status and conditions of the Badjao ethnic minority group in terms of (1) food security,
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
(2) employment and (3) working Conditions of the Badjao community in Baranggay Barra

Lucena City in relation to CoViD-19 pandemic.

Furthermore, this study also wish to assist Barangay Barra in promoting the Badjao

minority group's economic lifestyle and coping mechanisms through a documentary video film

that presented the living experiences and economic survival of Badjao amidst the COVID-19

adversity. The output also encouraged the government, various organizations, volunteers, and

helpers to collaborate with Barangay Barra on strengthening and developing the economy of

Badjao.

Also, to the residence of Lucena City, as this study hope to help them know and

determine how the Badjao community coping up during the pandemic, which help them

understand and be aware of the real condition of this minority group which should be respected

and considered as part of the vulnerable groups needing government assistances. This study

also constructed respectful views from Lucenahin towards the real situations of Badjao as an

ethnic minority group.

Moreover, to the students of Maryhill College, as the output of this study which is a

documentary video film educated them and boosted their self-awareness about the common

economic living conditions of various indigenous minority groups such as Badjao in Barangay

Barra amidst the pandemic. This study helped them to realize and be aware of the real situation

of the community and the common economic coping mechanisms of Badjao to survive

economically during the COVID-19 adversity which also make a respectful view towards this

indigenous group.

Other than that, this study is anticipated to be quite advantageous to the Badjao

community and/or households, as this strengthened, maintained, and promoted Badjao

members’ local economies and real situations of their community through the findings, results,

and output of the study. The output as aiming to unfold the living experiences, economic status,
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
resiliency, and coping strategies of Badjao, encouraged more community helpers to prioritize

the economic development of this Badjao as a response to the economic consequences

brought by the pandemic.

And finally, the study wished to be beneficial to future researchers, as this study can be

their reference for further studies on the same theme, particularly on the life aspects of every

indigenous minority group with regards to context of the pandemic.

Research Simulacrum of the Study

Figure 2. Research Simulacrum of the Study, “COVID-19 and Its Economic Impact: Looking Into
the Lived Experiences of the Lucena Badjao Community”.
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
Figure 2 above shows the research simulacrum of the study which presents an Input-

Process-Output (IPO) model, a system of process on how the research study will take place.

The researchers used this evaluation approach to characterize the lived experiences of the

Badjao ethnic minority group throughout the first and second quarters of the COVID-19

pandemic in 2020, and then to determine the pandemic's economic implications on food

security, employment, and working conditions. The researchers discovered common coping

techniques to deal with the pandemic's determined implications, after evaluating the economic

impacts. From this model, the researchers also analyzed the commonalities in the lived

experiences and the economic impacts of the pandemic crisis among the Badjao indigenous

households.

With those gathered data, the researchers followed the procedure of the thematic

analysis method which consists of a six-phase guide. The researchers transcribed the data (if

necessary), reviewed and re-read the data, and jotted down their initial thoughts in the first

phase. The generation of initial codes was the second process. The researchers carefully coded

noteworthy data aspects across the whole data set, collecting data related to each coding. The

next step was to look for themes, which involved grouping codes into probable topics and

collecting all data pertinent to each one. The fourth step was to analyze themes and see if they

worked in connection to the coded extracts and the complete data set, resulting in a

thematic'map' of the analysis. The fifth phase was identifying and naming themes, which

evolved into a continuing study to fine-tune the specifics of each subject as well as the overall

story told by the analysis, resulting in unambiguous definitions and names for each theme.

Finally, the researchers considered the report to be their final opportunity for analysis. This

includes selecting vivid, captivating extract examples, doing a final analysis of selected extracts,

tying the analysis to the research topic and literature, and writing a scholarly report on the

analysis.
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
After determining and describing the common themes of the variables, the researchers

proceeded and created a documentary video film entitled “KRISIS” which aim to promote and

bring awareness about the real situation of Badjao community households amidst the pandemic

and the problems they encountered due to the unprecedented effects of the crisis which needed

to be addressed and be the key concern.

 MARYHILL COLLEGE

Chapter II
METHODOLOGY

This chapter described the study's research approach and how it progressed. This

comprises the study's research design, participants, research location, research equipment,

data collection technique, data analysis, study scope and limitations, and ethical issues.

Research Design

The research design for this study was a phenomenological approach, which is a sort of

qualitative study. It comprises acquiring and analyzing non-numerical data such as text, video,

or audio to understand ideas, views, and experiences.. A descriptive phenomenological

approach was also used to clarify and understand the crisis' most fundamental meaning from

the viewpoint of those who are directly affected by it, the Badjao indigenous households,

because the goal of this study is to gain a deeper understanding and analysis of the lived

experiences of the Badjao community during the CoViD-19 crisis and its economic impact. This

was a detailed account of how Badjao dealt with the CoViD-19 outbreak and how it affected

their lives.

Furthermore, in qualitative research in the health and social sciences, this study design

is one of the most often applied approaches. It is being utilized to investigate what people have

gone through and focuses on their reactions to a phenomenon. Perception, thought, memory,

imagination, and emotion or feeling may all be part of the experience (Neubauer et al., 2019).

When little is known about a problem and the goal of the study is to clarify and comprehend the

most important significance of a phenomenon of interest from the perspective of individuals

directly involved in it, this approach is applied (Giorgi, 1997).

 MARYHILL COLLEGE 17

In addition, as this is a qualitative study, it relied on data and information acquired and

provided by informants and participants which part of a collaborative, community-led data-

gathering effort and participant viewpoints. Consequently, the data acquired cannot be altered

because it is all based on human experiences, opinions, and views, and it comes from all

credible sources as well as first-hand information from the respondents.

Participants of the Study

This qualitative research with a descriptive phenomenology approach attempted to

capture the lived experience of the Badjao indigenous households during the CoVid-19

phenomenon as well as its economic impacts to each family. The data were gathered through a

semi-structured interview with Badjao in Barangay Barra, in which IATF CoViD-19 health

protocols for the protection of both researchers and participants were followed. The initial

demographic data, according to the Barangay Secretary of Barra, is believed to be around 400

people in 64 houses, with an unknown total working population because the majority of them

rely on and deal in the informal economy.

The study's participants were twelve (12) household heads/ representatives/

breadwinners from 64 Badjao families in Purok 3B, Barangay Barra, Lucena City, because they

are the ones who represent each home and usually have occupations, which is part of the

criterion in choosing eligible interviewees. However, different textbooks suggested different

sized samples for phenomenological research, but in reality, a sample of between 6 and 20

individuals is sufficient (Ellis, 2016). Practical issues, such as funding, time, and access to

participants, do, however, often limit the sample size in many qualitative research studies, thus

the researchers decided to used (12) twelve participants only, specifically the

head/representative/breadwinner of the household which could surely answer the researcher’s

questions. Furthermore, to accumulate the personal experiences and perspectives of all the age
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MARYHILL COLLEGE
groups within the Badjao community, the researchers used the age range of 18-67 years old

and get participants based on the age range by generation presented by Beresford Research,

(2022). Therefore, the study accumulated specifically, (3) three participants ages 18-25 years

old (from Generation Z), (3) three participants ages 26-41 (from Millenials), (3) three participants

ages 42-57 years old (from Generation X), and another (3) three participants ages 58-67 years

old (from Boomers II). This age range by generation presented by Beresford Research was

based on widespread agreement and new Gen Z report by the Pew Research Center and the

one generation identified by the U.S. Bureau of Statistics, they highlighted the generations' birth

years and ages, which are current and can be applied in any form of research in the year 2022..

Meanwhile, since this is a phenomenology, the study used criterion sampling, a non-

probability sampling, to get accurate and specific participants that meet the predefined criteria

made by the researchers such as: (1) must have a family (with spouse/live-in partner and child),

(2) must be Badjao living in Barangay Barra; (3) must be in the age range of 18-67 years old; (4)

must experience the first pandemic lockdown; (5) must have jobs/works and/or do any

economic activity that provides and support the basic needs of the family; (6) must be living

within the community and listed in Barangay’s profile; (7) and lastly, must be the household,

representative or breadwinner of the family. However, if large members of the population meet

the pre-defined criteria and exceed the maximum participants, the researchers utilized

purposive sampling or subjective sampling in which researchers relies on their own judgment

when choosing members of the population to participate in their interview. With the assistance

of the informants (informed expert from DSWD and the tribe leader) the researchers and

informants chose participants whom they think highly impacted by the crisis during the first

lockdown based on the barangay profile and have enough knowledge and experience with the

phenomenon of interest and therefore was capable to provide necessary data and information.
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
Meanwhile, the researchers chose the Badjao Community of Barangay Barra for the

reason that they are permanently living here with distinct social and cultural groups that share

collective ancestral ties to the lands and natural resources. According to Bangsamaoro (2019),

they are also the Philippines' most marginalized ethnic group, as well as the poorest tribes

among all other indigenous groups. It should also be noted that according to the barangay

profile of Barra, this indigenous community within their Barangay is rarely accessed by the

government support and service, profitable and non-profitable organizations for help and

assistance amidst the pandemic.

Research Locale

The study was conducted at Purok 3B Ibaba, Barangay Barra. It is one of Lucena City's

33 barangays. It was found at the coastline of Lucena City, Barangay Dalahican and Barangay

Ransohan. It is not that popular unlike the other barangays in Lucena City because it is too far

from the City of Lucena and it is too secluded. As of 2020, there are about 5, 289 residents of

Barangay Barra and approximately 88 hectares of land.

Many Badjao families departed their ancestral villages more than a decade ago,

displaced by war and strife, to settle in the relatively placid coastal districts of Luzon, particularly

in Quezon Province. According to the updated Barangay Barra’s demographic profile, at

present, there are approximately 64 total household and an estimated more or less 400 Badjaos

who permanently resides in Barangay Barra Lucena City, Quezon practicing their cultural,

traditional, and economic activities and still hoping to provide a brighter future for their children

through schooling and other social services and assistances.

20

Research Instrument
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
This phenomenological study employed a validated semi-structured interview schedule

with open-ended questions to explain in detail the Badjao's personal experiences throughout the

pandemic crisis and to estimate the CoVID-19's economic impacts on them. By this kind of

instrument, the participants’ lived experiences, impacts of the pandemic to them and even the

coping strategies they did to deal with such impacts were all captured and expressed by

themselves.

Furthermore, because it was a semi-structured interview, the interviewers only asked a

few predefined questions and the rest were not scheduled ahead of time. The interview

questionnaires, however, were divided into four sections which the first section was for knowing

the participants’ demographic profile (name, age, sex, household monthly income, position in

the household, number of members in the household, and occupation), second was for the

economic impact of CoViD-19 in terms on food security, the third section was for the impact of

CoViD-19 on employment and livelihood and last section was for the working conditions. Thus,

the participants were instructed to describe their experiences of involving with the CoVID-19

pandemic, specifically its impact which eventually described the economic living conditions and

the various coping mechanisms of Badjao during the crisis. The questionnaire was also covered

by the perceptions of Badjao towards the government response and recovery actions during the

CoVID-19 phenomenon.

Data Gathering Procedure

The success of this study relied on data and information collected and shared by the

informants and participants in accordance with the collaborative, community-led data-gathering

effort, interview and testimonies from the participants, in order to highlight the voice of the

Badjao indigenous community and also their experiences regarding the CoViD-19s economic

impact.
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MARYHILL COLLEGE
In order to gather data for this study, the researchers coordinated with the Philippine

National Police of Lucena City and with the Barangay Barra Task Force in order to carry out the

study with their approval and assure the safely health protocol will be followed. Moreover, the

researchers were firstly conducted a pre-data gathering in which various informants was

interviewed. The gathered initial information relative to the Badjao community’s demographic

profile, community background/history, and government and non-government services and

supports given to them in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic. The targeted informants were the

individuals and offices who can give the aforementioned information needed by the researchers.

The researchers coordinated with the office of Barangay Barra to gathee the background and

history of Badjao in Barra and went to Lucena City Social and Welfare Development to

determine the projects, policies, and measures they implemented in the community for its

pandemic’s recovery and response. Moreover, other informants were interviewed, such as the

barangay officials in Barra, particularly the Purok 3B leader, Ms. Lorena Emradura, and the tribe

leader, Mr. Alas Jal Maani to gather initial information and background about the economic

condition of Badjao before the pandemic. However, the researchers prepared the letters,

permits, and clearances first before conducting the study and start the interview. The letter was

gathered from the Research Department of the school, while the clearances and permits were

from the Barangay Barra office, Purok Leader, and the Tribe Leader. These letters, clearances,

and permits was delivered to the PNP Lucena which immediately allowed us to conduct the

study in the Badjao community.

Furthermore, with the gathered information and prepared papers that was needed, the

researcher did a physical visit to the Badjao community resides in Barangay Barra to conduct

the study on its main target participants—the (12) twelve individuals from different Badjao

indigenous households, specifically the head/representative of the household. Before

interviewing them, the agreement within the consent papers were discussed to them. Then,
 22

MARYHILL COLLEGE
each head of the selected households was asked face to face through a semi-structured

interview in which its questionnaire was based on Badjao’s demographic profile and the three

target economic development indicators (food security, employment, and working conditions)

which was clearly affected by the crisis.

The data gathered cannot be manipulated as this was all be based on personal

experiences, thoughts, and perceptions and came from all reliable sources and first-hand

information from the interviewee.

Data Analysis

Figure 3: The Phases of Thematic Analysis by Braun and Clarke (2006)

Photo Source: www.semantic.scholar.org

At the end of accumulating the data, the researchers analyzed and interpreted the data

through thematic data analysis. (Insert reason why thematic good for phenomenological)

Thematic analysis is a method for analyzing qualitative data that entails searching across a data
 23

MARYHILL COLLEGE
set to identify, analyze, and report repeated patterns (Braun and Clarke 2006). It's a method for

expressing data, but it also involves interpretation in the selection of codes and the construction

of themes. The goal of thematic analysis is to find important or interesting themes or patterns of

meaning from data on lived experiences and economic impacts (i.e., informants' descriptions of

experiences related to the research question, for example, interviews or narratives) and use

them to address the research problems or say something about an issue of CoViD-19.

Braun and Clarke (2006) provided a six-phase framework for undertaking this type of

analysis. The researchers transcribed the data (if necessary), reviewed and re-read the data,

and jotted down their initial thoughts in the first phase. The generation of initial codes was the

second process. The researchers carefully coded noteworthy data aspects across the whole

data set, collecting data related to each coding. The next step was to look for themes, which

involved grouping codes into probable topics and collecting all data pertinent to each one. The

fourth step was to analyze themes and see if they worked in connection to the coded extracts

and the complete data set, resulting in a thematic'map' of the analysis. The fifth phase was

identifying and naming themes, which evolved into a continuing study to fine-tune the specifics

of each subject as well as the overall story told by the analysis, resulting in unambiguous

definitions and names for each theme. Finally, the researchers considered the report to be their

final opportunity for analysis. This includes selecting vivid, captivating extract examples, doing a

final analysis of selected extracts, tying the analysis to the research topic and literature, and

writing a scholarly report on the analysis.

24

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This phenomenological study focused on Badjao's lived experiences during the CoViD-

19 pandemic crisis and how it impacted them economically. Meaning, only the economic aspect

of the life of Badjao in the time of the pandemic was covered (focusing on the specified
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
economic development indicators such as food security, employment, and working conditions).

The experiences and economic impacts relative to the COVID phenomenon were the target

variables that was determined by the researches. Moreover, this study covered only the

experiences of the households during the first pandemic and second quarters of the pandemic

last 2020, also its economic impacts on the community households during such time.

This study did not cover the other impact indicators such as social and physical aspect,

because these takes a lot of time and resources to do so, and the researchers have limited to

such. Thus, only the economic impact of the pandemic phenomenon was studied. However, this

study can still be continued and expanded by future researchers who will focus on the same

field.

In addition, the data collection was conducted in Purok 3B, Barangay Barra Lucena City

where one of the Badjao ethnic minority groups is residing in. The participants were limited to

twelve individuals from different Badjao households, wherein the target participants were the

parent/s or the head of every household as they are mostly the ones who represent the entire

family. The responses to the questionnaires was provided by the indigenous household

participants does not represent the reality of experience of the entire indigenous population in

the country. They do, however, provide a snapshot of the realities of a particular indigenous and

ethnic minority group (Badjao) in the local and urban context in the thick of the pandemic crisis.

Furthermore, this study relied on data and information that was collected and shared by the

informants and participants in accordance with the semi-structured interviews, collaborative and

community-led data-gathering efforts with the other informants. Thus, the data that was

gathered cannot be manipulated as this was all based-on participants’ personal experiences,

thoughts, and perceptions and came from all reliable sources and first-hand information from

the interviewee which is important in determining the common economic impact of CoVID-19

phenomenon and the experiences of Badjao community households.

 MARYHILL COLLEGE

Ethical Considerations

The researchers formulated a phenomenological study utilizing face-to-face interviews

and community observations which supplicated with permission to conduct such means on the

target participants. The participants were given a permission form to sign in order to ensure that

they were fully informed about the study's nature and purpose. Participants were also informed

that they could withdraw from the study at any moment without having to give a reason to the

researchers through this permission form.

Understanding that the participants were an indigenous group that is protected by the

government and the constitution, permission to conduct sought from the Lucena City Social and

Welfare Development (CSWD) and Barangay Office of Barra, duly endorsed by the Research

Department of Maryhill College. This was done to protect the participants' dignity, rights, and

well-being and to prevent them from being exploited. Furthermore, when performing the study in

conjunction with the Barangay officials and staff, the researchers were responsible for assuring

the safety of the participants by following minimum health regulations (wearing a face mask and

social distancing).

Following the collection, analysis, and interpretation of all data required for this study, all

data was properly disposed away to maintain confidentiality and anonymity.

 MARYHILL COLLEGE

Chapter III
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

This chapter presents the results of the researchers’ examination on the personal

experiences of Badjao households amidst the first and second quarters of the COVID-19 crisis

of 2020 and its economic impacts based on personal experiences, feelings, testimonies, and

participants’ perspectives. This chapter also provides comprehensive presentation, analysis,

and interpretation of the data, collected and tabulated by the researchers. A review of relevant

literature and studies backed up and justified the findings presented.

Part I. Lived Experiences of Badjao Families During the First and Second Quarters of the
CoViD-19 Pandemic of 2020

Table 1. Results of the Responses of Participants on the Households’ Perceptions Towards

CoViD-19 Pandemic.
Themes Codes Statements of the Participants
Negative Perceived Unemployment P1. Sa trabaho naku…laki rin epekto niyan...dahil
Changes on Work diyan nandito lang kami muna sa bahay gawa ng
and Social Life bawal lumabas…bawal trabaho ganoon
Brought by the P2. Ano…malaking pagbabago tulad ng ano…sa
Pandemic hanap buhay… sa trabaho...halos wala na.
Lockdown P5. ‘Di makapaghanap buhay ang asawa ko.
P6. kase hirap magtrabaho ‘di makapag hanap
buhay di gaya noon…
P10. Maapektuhan po yung mga panghanapbuhay
naming…ahm sa hanap-buhay hindi po dito lang
kaya kami sa bahay mahi-mahirapan po kami
Isolation P1. Andito lang kami muna sa bahay gawa ng bawal
lumabas…bawal trabaho ganun
P3. Yung mga bata di makalabas, makalaro...
P6. ‘Di makalabas dahil noong panahon na kuwan
tawag dito…walang turok…dahil noong mga
panahon na walang…vaccine
P10. Hindi kami makapunta sa…iba’t-ibang lugar
Social and P3. Ganun din samin mahirap (laughing) oo,
Work Burden mahirap...Yung mga bata ‘di makalabas, makalaro
P4. Hmm…mahirap po talaga minsan ‘di na po kami
nakakain ng tatlong beses sa isang araw…
 MARYHILL COLLEGE 27

P5. Mahirap, ‘di makapaghanap buhay ang asawa

ko.
P6. Talagang kumbaga hirap ang gaya naming mga
tao...
P7. Nahirapan…‘di maglakad, nahihirapan pa.
P9. Mahirap po...gawa nung...kaya nasabing
mahirap... wala kita, wala makain
P10. Naku… mahirap Ma’am, nahihirapan po kami,
oo maapektuhan po yung mga panghanapbuhay
naming halos hindi kami makapagpunta sa… ibang-
ibang lugar na mag… ah hanap buhay hindi po dito
lang kaya mahirapan po kami sa pagtrabaho…
P11. Mahirap… sobrang hirap…kasi hindi mo
nakikita yung kalaban mo bigla na lang dumarating
P12. Mahirap…takot…natakot ako… na mahuhuli
man ng mga pulis
Note: Please see Appendix D on page 114-120 for the complete interview transcript.

Table 1 presents the outcome of the responses of participants on indigenous

households’ personal perceptions towards the CoViD-19 Pandemic. It appears from the table

that the identified theme is the negative perceived changes on both households’ work and social

life brought by the pandemic period. This happened, as the identified codes are the personal

and identified living experiences of the participants during such periods, particularly the

experiences of unemployment, isolation and burden amidst the pandemic phenomenon. These

negative perceived changes and experiences brought by the pandemic on them defined the

over-all perceptions of the households towards such phenomenon of CoViD-19.

In expounding each identified negative changes and experiences, the table reveals that

five among the indigenous household participants reported that they perceived the pandemic

negatively, as they experienced loss of job (unemployment) and their financial status was also

affected. These participants answered, “sa trabaho naku…laki rin epekto niyan... dahil diyan

nandito lang kami muna sa bahay gawa ng bawal lumabas…bawal trabaho ganoon“, and “ Ano,

malaking pagbabago tulad ng ano… sa hanap buhay… sa trabaho...halos wala na.”. However,

few among the indigenous households perceived the pandemic negatively, which they defined

such crisis as the gateway of being isolated (isolation), due to quarantine protocols that clearly
 MARYHILL COLLEGE 28

affected their way of living and means to go outside from their community. As these particular

participants uttered “Nandito lang kami muna sa bahay gawa ng bawal lumabas…bawal

trabaho ganoon” and “Hindi kami makapagpunta sa… ibang-ibang lugar”.

Additionally, it also appears from the study that the community experienced burden on

social and work life, wherein it hindered them to work and continue with their customary or

traditional livelihoods, and simultaneously it established a strong barrier among the households

to spend time continue doing their customary activities such as socializing and interacting with

their fellow natives. In line with this identified problem, most of the participants clearly said,

“Naku… mahirap Ma’am, nahihirapan po kami, oo maapektuhan po yung mga

panghanapbuhay naming halos hindi kami makapagpunta sa… ibang-ibang lugar na maghanap

buhay, hindi po dito lang kaya mahirapan po kami sa pagtrabaho…” and “Mahirap, di

makapaghanap buhay ang asawa ko”. To elucidate, as compliance to the localized community

quarantine and lockdowns, these indigenous households unable to go and work outside to do

their traditional and daily tasks. Along with, they are also have this thought that they might

probably be infected with the CoViD-19 virus if they will not comply by staying at home.

On the study of Shader R. I., (2020), the COVID-19 pandemic embodies many

overwhelming stresses. Loss of employment, death of family members, acquaintances, or

colleagues, financial insecurity, and isolation from others, especially for people who live alone,

are just a few of the apparent ones. Furthermore, many indigenous people now engage in the

informal sector and rely primarily on income from markets, handicrafts, seasonal jobs, and

tourism, all of which have been damaged by COVID-19, according to the United Nations (2020).

In addition, the results from the Philippines COVID-19 Households Survey (2020) shows that

the regions in Luzon experienced more job losses than in other areas were about 52% of those

working in August were not able to work as usual and 12% those who continued to work change

job.
 MARYHILL COLLEGE 29

In general, the results or outcome of the table show that all the indigenous households

conveyed negative perceptions towards the COVID-19 crisis, as there were identified negative

perceived changes on work and social being on each household which were evidently

experienced by them during the first to second quarters of the pandemic. Thereby, the table

cleary shows that the crisis has devastating effects to the socieconomic activities of the Badjao

indigenous community in Lucena City, Quezon, as this phenomenon resulted them

unprecedented loss of job (unemployment) which lead to loss of income, being isolated

(isolation) and brought unforeseen burden on work and social life of the community. This was

already proven, as the Philippines’ COVID-19 Households Survey (2020) statistically stated that

the regions in Luzon experienced more job losses where 52% are incapable to work and 12% of

them are continued to work change job. From such findings, it is undeniable that the imposed

lockdown measures brought by the crisis had made these particular changes possible which

definitely hampered the the customary activities such as, working, eating healthy foods, and

other cultural activities of all the areas and communities within the Philippines.

Table 2. Results of the Responses of Participants on Indigenous Households’ Experiences

During the First and Second Quarters of the Covid-19 Pandemic of 2020.

Themes Codes Statements of the Participants

Relating to the Quarantined P1. Lockdown nasa bahay lang kami…mahirap
Interrelation of Social and Isolation po talaga…nasa bahay lang kami
Factors and Individual P2. Kasi nung…lockdown ho 2 years bawal
lumabas, edi hindi ho ako nakalabas noon, kaya
Thought and Behavior
limitado ho talaga ako noon…Wala, ‘di rin ho
ako makapg extra nasa bahay lang kasi…
P3. Nasa bahay lang kami kapag bawal
lumabas ehhh…
P6. ‘Di ka makalabas...gawa ng bawal eh…
kumabaga kontrolado lahat…hindi puwedeng
pumunta kung saan saan.
P7. Bahay lang talaga kami…bawal labas…
bawal trabaho sa bayan...saka pagdayo, bawal
din.
P9. ‘Di kami...makalabas gawa lockdown...di
kami… makalabas pero bawal
 MARYHILL COLLEGE 30
P11. Kasi bawal lumabas sabi gobyerno…
P12. Noon bawal labas…sa laot lang…pag wala
laot punta piyer tatakas para manghingi ng
pagkain…
Psychological P4. Naka-stress po kasi wala ka pong magawa
sa bahay pagtulog mo iniisip mo na wala kang
pagkain…
P5. Nakaka-stress...katulad kapag may
nilagnat…ano ‘di madala sa ospital baka
mamatay sa bahay.."
P8. Takot kami noon…takot magutom
P9. Takot kami lumabas din…saka…gutom
kami...
P10. Ma’am yung kinakabahan at stress lagi…
Difficulty at P3. Mahirap talaga noon.... ganun din asawa ko
Work magtitinda, naka facemask sya, naka faceshield
P4. Mahirap noon lockdown…daming bawal at
gawin lalo na sa trabaho hanap-buhay…
Hunger P1. Nakakagutom wala makain minsan…
P4. Kase…wala makain at limitado galaw namin
lalo na kami mga badjao…minsan wala
makain…
P6. Kasi…ano…wala kita…gutom pamilya
P8. Magutom wala makain…wala makain…
wala kita.
P12. Suway kami sa lockdown kasi wala makain
eh…magugutom pamilya namin
Discrimination P1. Minsan paglalabas kmi sa tribo takot din
samin mga tao…nandidiri siguro
P5. Natatakot baka layuan kami ng tao…kasi
pag nalabas kami nalayo sila minsa samin
Note: Please see Appendix on page 114-120 for the complete interview transcript.

Table 2 presents the Badjao households’ experiences during the first and second

quarter of the pandemic. It reveals the identified theme of relating to the interrelation of social

factors and individual thought and behavior. The theme is identified, as the codes pertains to the

quarantine and isolations, stress and anxiety, difficulty at work, hunger and discrimination that

are components of psychosocial challenges and burden.

In particular, the household participants stated that they experienced the quarantine and

isolation which part of the localized community lockdown before, wherein their movements were

limited and they all stayed at home for in the long run. These participants answered, “Kasi
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
nung… lockdown ho 2 years bawal lumabas, edi hindi ho ako nakalabas noon kaya limitado ho 31

talaga ako noon…Wala ‘di ho ako makapag-extra nasa bahay lang kasi…” and “’’Di ka

makalabas...gawa ng bawal eh… kumabaga kontrolado lahat…hindi pwedeng pumunta kung

saan-saan”. However, almost half of the of the interviewees expressed that they suffered from

stress and anxiety brought by the community lockdown which most of them specifically, felt the

uncertainties, fear, and mixed emotions during such periods. These have been their emotional

responses to their experiences back then, due to the negative consequences of the imposed

lockdown measures. Those participants uttered, “Nakaistress po kasi wala ka pong magawa sa

bahay pagtulog mo iniisip mo na wala kang pagkain…” and “Takot kami lumabas din…saka…

gutom kami...”.

Whereas, some households said they had difficulty at work because of the government

health protocols, wherein their work tasks were limited, restricted and controlled. They used

non-pharmaceutical interventions like social distancing, wearing facemasks and face shields as

part of local mitigation for the rising of CoViD-19 cases. These particular households answered,

“Mahirap talaga noon.... ganoon din asawa ko magtitinda, naka facemask sya, naka faceshield”

and “Mahirap noon lockdown…daming bawal at gawin lalo na sa trabaho hanapbuhay”.

Furthermore, as included in the consequences of community lockdown, five among the

participants reported that they experienced extreme hunger because of lack of income and

insufficient source and access of food that eventually led them to disobey and violate the

community lockdown guidelines and protocols. These participants mentioned, “Kase…wala

makain at limitado galaw namin lalo na kmi mga Badjao…minsan wala makain…” and “Suway

kami sa lockdown kasi wala makain eh…magugutom pamilya namin”. In addition, two among

the participants also mentioned that they encountered or experienced discrimination, as they

thought people were afraid of them and for the possibility that they might get infected, as the

participants expressed, “Minsan paglalabas kami sa tribo takot din samin mga tao…nandidiri
 MARYHILL COLLEGE 32

siguro” and “Natatakot baka layuan kami ng tao…kasi pag nalabas kami nalayo sila minsa

samin”.

Following the aforementioned findings, the Philippine government enforced a

comprehensive lockdown in the enitre Luzon, known as the ECQ or Enhanced Community

Quarantine, as a preventive step to decrease the COVID-19 epidemic, according to the study of

Prasetyo Y., et al., (2020). This ECQ is commonly regarded as one of the world's longest

lockdowns. The ECQ prohibited all domestic travel, including ground, air, and sea travel, and

inhabitants were only permitted to leave their homes in an emergency. In terms of psychological

repercussions, prior outbreaks have documented irritability, fear of contracting and transmitting

infection to family members, wrath, perplexity, frustration, loneliness, denial, anxiety, sadness,

insomnia, and despair, as well as extremes of consequences, such as suicide (Dubey, 2020).

Furthermore, Ngonghala et al. (n.d), stated that covering a wider variety of interventions,

and completing numerous numerical simulations. They concluded that “high use of face-masks

in public areas or even in work could eliminate the virus”, and also “combining facemasks and

social-distancing is somehow more effective in controlling the spread of virus”. However, these

interventions revealed that hinders people to be productive at work. On the other hand, in

connection with the problem of food system, the Social Weather Station (SWS)’s nationwide

pulse survey, shows that about 17 percent of Filipino families nationwide experienced

involuntary hunger due to lack of food to eat. This suggests that low-income households are, to

a far greater extent, exposed to food insecurity.

Overall, the table shows that aside from economic impacts, the CoViD-19 has also

brought both psychological and social impacts relating to the interrelation of social factors and

individual thought and behavior where the Badjao community households experienced stress

and fear to infectious disease due to the pandemic. Thereby, the community ecountered

negative experiences during such periods and these were evidently true as the Badjao
 33

MARYHILL COLLEGE
indigenous households experienced quarantine and isolations, stress and anxiety, difficulty at

work, hunger, and discrimination during the first and second quarter of Covid-19 pandemic that

contributed to the psychosocial challenges and burdens that clearly signified the difficult

situation and experiences of the entire community.

Table 3. Results of the Responses of the Participants on the Households’ Feelings Towards the
Experiences During the First and Second Quarters of the CoViD-19 Pandemic of 2020.
Themes Codes Statements of the Participants
Emotional Stresses Loneliness P1. Malungkot...wala na rito na lang kami
During the First Quarter sa bahay
Covid-19 Pandemic P2. Lungkot kasi sa bahay lang wala
magawa...
P3. ‘Pag ‘di makabas nakakalungkot…sa
bahay na kami nakaupo paikot-ikot diyan
P4. Malungkot po…Kase lahat po ng tao po
ay lalong…naghihirap
P5. Malungkot…lalo na di makalabas
P9. Nakakabalisa…saka lungkot
P11. Sa una pong pandemic nalulungkot
kami…kumabaga nasasaktan kami…kasi
kumbaga naapektuhan yung hanapbuhay
ng asawa namin
P12. nakakainip nakakalungkot… kasi wala
kami trabaho
Fear P2. natatakot magutom…
P6. natatakot…kasi kung sa pamilya sa
pamilya nalang magkameron…(laughing)
edi lahat kami ay nakaquarantine…
P7. takot syempre…
P8. minsan takot…
Stress P4. naiistress…
P7. minsan stress din, ‘di kami makalabas
na
P10. saan man pumunta dala-dala parin
yun kaya sobra ang pagod at stress ng
pandemya nan… 34
Note. Please see Appendix D on page 114-120 for the complete interview transcript.
Table 3 presents the Badjao households’ feelings towards their experiences during the

first and second quarters of the CoViD-19. It shows that the identified theme is the emotional
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
stresses felt by the indigenous households during such periods, which happened to be a group

of negative feelings such as loneliness, fear and stress. These stresses were felt by the

households due to the lockdown measures that affects their social, economic and work life.

To interpret each feeling, the first row of the table shows that majority said they

experienced long period of quarantine which led them to stay at their homes and caused them

feeling of lonely (loneliness). These participants answered, “’Pag di makabas nakakalungkot…

sa bahay na kami nakaupo paikot-ikot diyan" and “Sa una pong pandemic nalulungkot kami…

kumbaga nasasaktan kami…kasi kumbaga naapektuhan yung hanapbuhay ng asawa namin”.

Moreover, the second row reveals that some households had the emotional stress, particularly

due to having fear towards their families’ safety and health, as one participant answered

“Natatakot…kasi kung sa pamilya sa pamilya nalang magkameron…(laughing) eh di lahat kami

ay nakaquarantine”. Additionaly, few participants were identified that the pandemic crisis

brought them extreme stress due to the restrictions of the imposed lockdown measures, as one 35

participant answered, “Saan man pumunta dala-dala parin yun kaya sobra ang pagod at stress

ng pandemya na yan…”

In line with the negative feelings towards pandemic experiences, there are so many

uncertainties with the disease with a possibility of a fatal outcome due to the novel coronavirus

which currently plaguing the world. Distress, fear, anxiety, insomnia and depression have all

been documented in general populations (Wang et al., 2020). In addition, patients with

confirmed or suspected COVID-19 may experience fear, while those in quarantine might

experience boredom, loneliness, and anger (Xiang et al., 2020) which deep emotional can led to

traumas and commit suicide. Aside from that, the expanding incidences of people in lockdowns'

mental health degrading has detected several additional health concerns such as stress,

anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia, denial, wrath, and terror on a global scale. (L.

Ocampo and K. Yamagishi, 2020).

 MARYHILL COLLEGE
In general, the table shows that the first and quarters of Covid-19 pandemic brought

emotional stresses to the Badjao community of Barangay Barra, Lucena City, which apparently

considered as indirect results of the crisis. With such findings, it is clear that there are growing

cases of mental emotional stress in the community, in which based on the participants and

existing reports was because of the imposed community quarantines and lockdown measures.

Hence, in the time of pandemic crisis, the Badjao community suffered not only financially, but

also they were emotionally and psychologically impacted.

36

Part II. Economic Impacts of the First and Second Quarters of the Covid-19 Pandemic of
2020 on Food Security, Employment and Working Conditions of Badjao Indigenous
Households
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
2.1 Economic Impacts on Food Security

Table 4. Results of the Responses of Participants on the Status of Food System in Badjao
Families Amidst First and Second Quarters of Covid-19 Pandemic of 2020.

Themes Codes Statement of the Participants

Households’ Food Insufficiency P1. Wala...kulang pa rin sa araw-araw, pagkain
Experienced namin
Food Insecurities P3. Kaso ‘di sapat samin isang kilo dami kami dito
bahay…basta noon magawang paraan basta
makakain…minsan kulang talaga… hindi nakakain
ng tama sa oras.
P4. Hindi po sapat mga kinakain po namin nong
lockdown…
P6. Walang makain minsan. kasi...di kami…gaya
namin…ahmm…bawal kami sa labasan
P7. Wala seguridad…hindi sapat eh kulang din
ayuda
P9. Noong… sobrang lockdown hindi sapat pagkain
namin… kasi hirap sa trabaho wala pambili…
P10. Walang sapat na pagkain…wala mapagkunan
gawa ng mahigpit
P11. Pero pag konti yung hanap buhay nya tulad
naglockdown hindi sapat kasi
P12. Kung wala pong nagbigay pautay-utay lang din
po kami makakakain di kumpleto kain buong araw
Cassava P1. ‘Pag wala ayuda ay…ano...punta kami
(Balinghoy) as hibasan…o kuya kuha ng balinghoy
common food P2. Sa pagkain lang namin pa- normal lang din ho,
intake mga balinghoy...’Pag wala naman…ay yung…
balinghoy talaga
P5. ‘Pag wala, balinghoy na lang kainin (laughing)
P7. Minsan balinghoy kainin pag wala
P12. Ahm asawa ko nakuha rin balinghoy pang tawid
gutom din
Food P6. Walang makain minsan. kasee…di kami...gaya
Inaccessibility namin…ahmm.. bawal kami sa labasan…’di kami
makalabas kase bawal…kami makapangunguha ng
kuwan sa dagat…kasi...bawal.. bawal lumabas…
P8. ‘Pag wala ayuda… wala pangkain…nga-nga…’di
naman kami makakuha pagkain sa labas kasi bawal
P12. Hahanap na lang kami ng sa dagat ng hibas…
pero po…minsan kasi ay bawal lumabas...wala...’di
makadagat
Shortage in Food P1. Yung… sa pagkain ‘yung… noon wala kami sa 37
Assistances oras sa kain. Mas sa ano… oo, konti lang
makain...minsan isa..dalawang beses.
P3. Pag wala…kape na lang saka kanin titiisin…pag
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
wala nganga..minsan kakain kami isa dalawang
beses
P4. Kakain kami dalawang beses na lang.
Unhealthy Food P2. Puro sardinas...noodles…hindi naman
Consumption masustansya iyon nakakain namin (laughing).
P9. Nung lockdown, ‘di napo kami nakakakain ng
masusutansya… dalawang beses na lang
nakakakain
Note. Please see Appendix D on page 121-124 for the complete interview transcript.

Table 4 presents the status of food management in Badjao families amidst first and

second quarters of Covid-19 pandemic of 2020. The indetified theme is the households’food

insecurities, which clearly shows that majority of households’ food systems were truly impacted,

as they experienced these food insecurities, particularly food insufficiency, inaccessibility,

inadequacy, settling in alternative food and unhealthy food consumptions. Moreover, it can also

be seen above that each household experienced food insecurities, as majority uttered, “’Di

sapat samin isang kilo dami kami idto bahay…basta noon wala magawang paraan makakain…

minsan kulang talaga…hindi nakakain ng tama sa oras”.

Furthermore, it appears in the first row of the table that there are insufficient supply of

foods in most of the households due to the imposition of localized community lockdown, which

hampered the families to gather foods outside and sustain foods in their tables, wherein

participants uttered, “Walang sapat na pagkain…wala mapagkunan gawa ng mahigpi” and

“Hindi po sapat mga kinakain po namin nong lockdown”. Moreover, some of the indeigenous

households also experienced shortage of food, as a result of work and traditional livelihoods

were impacted by the pandemic, one participant answered, “Noong…sobrang lockdown hindi

sapat pagkain namin… kasi hirap sa trabaho wala pambili”. In addition, according to them, food

insufficiency happened as the food assistances from the government is barely enough to

sustain their daily food needs which participant also uttered, “Wala seguridad…hindi sapat eh

kulang din ayuda”.

 MARYHILL COLLEGE 38

Further, in line with the food insecurities encountered by the households, due to their

inability to access more nutritious and adequate food which part of a consequences of

community lockdown, other participants expressed that the common and alternative food they

eat during such periods is the cassava or also known as “balinghoy”, a household once said,

“’’Pag wala ayuda ay…ano...punta kami hibasan…o kaya kuha ng balinghoy”. As per them, this

became their alternative food to rice to solve their upset stomach and survive in their everyday

hunger, they said “’Pag wala naman…ay yung…balinghoy talaga and minsan balinghoy kainin

pag wala” and “Minsan balinghoy kainin pag wala”.

Furthermore, other households stated that inaccessibility to food have been their primary

problem in food system during the lockdown. The burden of lockdowns and checkpoints

implemented by the government as preventive measures hampered them to have access to

food in the market and continue their traditional livelihood that provides them income, as the

participants uttered, “Walang makain minsan. kasee…’di kami...gaya namin…ahmm…bawal

kami sa labasan…’di kami makalabas at bawal kami makapangunguha ng kuwan sa dagat…

kasi...bawal…bawal lumabas talaga”.

Along with the household food insecurities, most of the household participants affirmed

that the lockdown made food inadequate within the community, wherein most of them settled to

unhealthy eating habits, severe undereating, and continuously enduring the time of hunger, as

one participant said, “Pag wala…kape na lang saka kanin titiisin…pag wala nga-nga..minsan

kakain kami isa dalawang beses” and “kakain kami dalawang beses na lang”.

Lastly, other households expressed that they consumed mostly unhealthy foods during

the lockdown periods, as they have no choice but to settle for foods that are higher in calories

and lower in nutritional value, such as canned goods and instant noodles which they received

from the government, these were mentioned by the participants during the interview, “Puro
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
sardinas...noodles…hindi naman masustansya yun nakakain namin (laughing)” and “Noong

lockdown, di napo kami nakakakain ng masusutansya… dalawang beses na lang nakakakin”

According to the Food and Nutrition Research Institute's Rapid Nutrition Assessment

Survey (RNAS) performed last year, 62.1 percent of Filipino families endured moderate to

severe food insecurity from 2019 to 2020, despite the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic.

Furthermore, according to IPC (2020), the most chronically food insecure people are landless

poor households, indigenous peoples, and people who engage in unsustainable livelihood

strategies like farmers, unskilled laborers, forestry workers, fishermen, and others who provide

insufficient and often unpredictable income. As a result, it is likely that these people, particularly

indigenous groups, will be unable to meet their food and non-food demands in the long run.

These findings mean that the CoViD-19 pandemic has significantly changed the food

system and environment of each household. This can be also justified, as noted by Parek, N. et

al. (2021), greater unemployment as a result of pandemic-related job losses mixed with food

supply chain disruptions have forced consumers to buy foods they can afford and obtain.

Furthermore, the Lockdown procedures have made it difficult to buy perishable foods, especially

fresh vegetables and common foods. During the government-imposed Enhanced Community

Quarantine (ECQ), around 56.3 percent of families reported difficulty acquiring food, in keeping

with the lockdown measures implemented. Lack of money owing to unemployment (33.1%),

limited public transportation (21.6%), loss of livelihood (19.5%), lack of access to adequate food

due to lockdown measures (10.8%), and elderly who have no one to buy food for them are

among the causes for this difficulty (5.1 percent).

In conclusion, by the data presented and supported literatures above, it seems that IPs

will die of hunger and not with COVID-19 if the insecurity in foods among households will

continue and if no comprehensive health response and socioeconomic relief plan implemented

urgently to solve such issues. In summary, the table determined that indigenous peoples face a
 40

MARYHILL COLLEGE
high degree of socioeconomic marginalization and are disproportionately vulnerable to public

health problems as well as economic activity. By such findings, Badjao indigenous households

was clearly disrupted by having lack of consistent access to sufficient, nutritious and relevant

foods, that are necessary for their active and healthy life.

Table 5. Results of the Responses of Participants on the Feelings Towards Food Insecurity
During First and Second Quarters of CoVid-19 Pandemic of 2020.

Themes Codes Statement of the Participants

Psychological Ill feeling P1. Wala rin po mahirap din ang… talagang…kung may
Stress as walang pambigay ay maka- ano kami sa mga pera
Emotional uutang…
Response Towards P2. Eh syempre di maiiwasan ang sama ng loob sa
Food Insecurity ganyan eh mahirap po talaga (laugh) kasi hindi ho
nagiging malaya eh.
P3. Napakahirap...maiiyak na lng...Kain lang kami hapon
pati umaga, minsan gabi kami kumakain minsan wala
ngayon.
P5. Hirap po ang nararamdaman…ah...pero
hmmm...salamat sa diyos sa kahit gaano ang pandemic
ay binigyan niya parin kami ng ano..pagkain.
P6. Syempre mahirap…nakakasama ng loob (laughing)
…hirap din talaga eh..parang.. kumbaga’y…di gaya
noong natural tayo.
P7. Mahirap toy...mahirap lang si lola minsan-
minsan...lang..may pagkain paghapon makain ..’pag
umaga hindi na.
P9. Mahirap sitwasyon sa pagkain...’pag… sa… pagkain
kayang kitain ang gusto mong kainin pero sa pandemya
nga mahigpit.
P12. Ano po…. sobrang nahihirapan po kami. lalo na sa
pagkain… sa tubig
Feeling of P4. Kaya po ma’ am nakakalungkot talaga ang
Sadness sitwasyon...noong wala pa pong lockdown nakakain po
kami ng tatlong beses sa isang araw…nakakain po kami
masusustansyang pagkain…
P8. Malulungkot…din walang laman tiyan… wala lakas.
P10. Nalulungkot din hindi makapag isip maayos hindi
makapag… katulad ko eh dito sa bahay halos hindi
kami… nawala po yung aming bawat ahh… kultura sa 41
bahay na… bawat isa saamin na may trabaho kami, hindi
na po yun maaano, hindi magagawa na
P11. Malungkot kasi… minsan wala kita asawa namin
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
kasi naman dati yung nga nakakapaghanapbuhay silang
na… marangal
Note. Please see Appendix D on page 121-124 for the complete interview transcript.

Table 5 shows the determined feelings of the Badjao households towards the food

insecurity they encountered during the first and second quarters of the pandemic of 2020, as

well as the common ground of experiences they met to conclude in such feelings. It appears

from the table that most of the households faced psychological stress as emotional response to

food insecurity they experienced which served as the identified theme. The participants

expressed their psychological stress as they had ill feelings, as they are under the pressure and

impacts of the pandemic.

In particular, the table shows clearly that majority of the households had ill feelings

towards the food insecurity they experienced during the first and second quarters of the

pandemic. They all have difficulties and anger issues due to the inaccessibility, inadequacy, and

inavailability of foods within the community, as two participants answered, “Syempre mahirap…

nakakasama ng loob (laughing)…hirap din talaga eh…parang.. kumbaga’y…di gaya noong

natural tayo” and “Eh syempre ‘di maiiwasan ang sama ng loob sa ganyan eh mahirap po

talaga (laughing) kasi hindi ho nagiging malaya eh”. Moreover, the households admittedly said

that these feelings were perceived and experienced, because of the impacts of lockdowns and

quarantine measures that controlled their lives which resulted to food insecurities, the

participants uttered, “Napakahirap...maiiyak na alng...Kain lang kami hapon pati umaga, minsan

gabi kami kumakain minsan wala ngayon” and “Ano po...sobrang nahihirapan po kami lalo na

sa pagkain… sa tubig”.

Subsequently, the rest of the household participants had the feeling of sadness during

the first and second quarters of the CoViD-19 pandemic in 2020. They felt the sadness also

because of hunger, food insecurities and of the long period of staying at home as part of the
 42

MARYHILL COLLEGE
protocols of lockdown and quarantine measures which obviously removed their cultural,

economic and social life. To explain these interpretation clearly, the two participants answered,

“Nalulungkot din hindi makapag isip maayos hindi makapag… katulad ko eh dito sa bahay

halos hindi kami… nawala po yung aming bawat ahhh… kultura sa bahay na… bawat isa sa

amin na may trabaho kami, hindi na po ‘yun maaano hindi magagawa na” and “Kaya po maam

nakakalungkot talaga ang sitwasyon...noong wala pa pong lockdown nakakain po kami ng

tatlong beses sa isang araw…nakakain po kami masusustansyang pagkain”.

Undoubtedly, the pandemic has brought many changes to how people live their life, and

with it, uncertainty, altered daily routines, financial pressures, insecurities and social isolation.

Mayo Clinic Staff Organization (2021) said that amidst the COVID-19, people might have really

experience stress, anxiety, fear, sadness and loneliness. Also, mental health disorders,

including anxiety and depression, can worsen. In fact, nine out of ten Filipinos are stressed as a

result of the pandemic problem. According to a poll done from May 4 to 10, 2020, the pandemic

caused severe stress to 55 percent of working-age Filipinos aged 15 and up, 34 percent

suffered "much stress," and just 11 percent had "little" or no stress as a result of the coronavirus

(Social Weather Stations, 2020). Furthermore, various rganizations are already recording a

spike in Filipinos battling mental health issues. Particularly, according to the Health of Asia

Barometer study conducted last 2021 by the Pulse of Asia, COVID-19 has caused 42 percent of

Filipinos to experience increased stress, anxiety, and sadness. In 2020, the National Center for

Mental Health's helpline reported receiving more than double the number of calls it received

before the pandemic. In addition, the number of calls for mental health assistance has increased

along with higher reports of depression and suicidal thoughts. 43

Generally, the table summarized that the pandemic phenomenon can trigger negative

emotions as it brought psychological consequences to the community of Badjao in Barangay

Barra. It is being said that in the time of CoViD-19 pandemic, people might really experience
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
stress, anxiety, fear, sadness and loneliness and mental health disorders, including anxiety and

depression, can worsen. The results from this table reveals novel insights into how the first and

second quarters of 2020 COVID-19 pandemic social restriction/isolation measures, food and

employment insecurities impacted the feelings or emotions of Badjao families towards their

experiences, pointing to substantial mental health, food and employment security, parenting and

relationship burdens. Although the experiences varied, with some families even flourishing

under the limits, the psychological stress they felt as an emotional response to their numerous

anxieties was the overwhelming message expressed by the majority of the families.

Table 6. Results of the Responses of Participants on the Perceptions Towards Local

Government Emergency Relief Food Operations During the First and Second Quarters of
Covid-19 Pandemic of 2020.

Themes Codes Statement of the Participants

Effective Government’s Satisfaction P1. Dagdag sa pangkain din malaking tulong mam
Community Relief on Relief P2. ‘Pag may ganyan maam...nakakatulong din ho
Operations During Food Packs malaking tulong eh kasi… noong wala hong
Covid-19 Pandemic trabaho meron ho kaming nagbibigay suporta
Lockdown P3. Naging sapat din naman po, kahit pa-paano
para may pangkain kinabukasan
P4. Yun po pag may binibigay po kayo na mga
relief goods, minsan masarap din po mga pagkain
namin minsan po hindi..(starts crying). Malaking
tulong po bigay niyo...kagaya niyo...samin
P5. Nakatulong naman ngayong pandemic
(laughing) dahil nakakain kame
P6. Yung mga ano…halimbawa ay mayor…
ibibigay sa amin…ahm…mga DSWD ibang mga
grupo ng tao…’Pag ganyan...nakakain sila (mga
bata)…bigay ng mga government at ng mga
DSWD
P7. Nakatulong…naman daw sa pagkain…
digay..mayilalagay sa tiyan… (laughing) 44
P8. Nakatulong man kahit paano…kasi… may
pangkain
P9. Nakatulong naman po para may pangtustos
P11. Maganda kasi… nakakabusog ng tiyan
(laugh) malaking halaga yun. Kasi yung anak
namin ‘pag nagugutom naawa kami
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
P12. Nakatulong din po samin…kahit papaano
makakaahon din po sa kahirapan sa tulong nun
Note. Please see Appendix D on page 121-124 for the complete interview transcript.

Table 6 presents the perceptions of Badjao households towards the local government’s

emergency relief food operations during the first and second quarters of CoViD-19 pandemic of

2020. It shows that the identified theme is the effective government’s community relief

operations during the aforementioned periods. Such theme was identified as the code stated

that the indigenous households were satisfied on the relief food packs given to them during the

community lockdowns. As per them, this interventions are somehow effective in sustaining the

daily needs of the community households which helped the whole family, this was proven as

most participants answered “Nakatulong din po samin…kahit papaano makakaahon din po sa

kahirapan sa tulong nun” and “nakatulong …naman daw sa pagkain…digay..may.ilalagay sa

tiyan…(laughing)”.

Along with the food relief satisfactions, it appears from the table that most of the head of

households participants were slightly satisfied and they somehow commended the relief foods

distributed to them, as participants answered, “’Yun po pag may binibigay po kayo na mga

relief goods, minsan masarap din po mga pagkain namin minsan po hindi..(start crying).

Malaking tulong po bigay nyo...kagaya nyo...samin” and “’Pag may ganyan maam...nakaktulong

din ho malaking tulong eh kasi… nung wala hong trabaho meron ho kaming nagbibigay

suporta”. These was proven, as according to them, the food packs given to them helped their

family members, particularly children and aided their daily hunger experiences, one participant

answered “Maganda kasi… nakakabusog ng tiyan (laugh) malaking halaga yun. Kasi yung anak
45
namin pagnagugutom naawa kami”.

Apart from this, some of them were satisfied, because they saw that the local

government and other organizations were working together just to provide them with food and
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
they would not be considered as left behind sectors. Furthermore, they admitted that the

emergency aid food packs were both from the local government, profitable and non-profitable

organizations who lend their helping hands to reach the marginalized sector like them, as one

participant mentioned, “yung mga ano natulong mam…halimbawa ay mayor…ibibigay sa

amin…ahm…mga dswd, ibang mga grupo ng tao…’Pag ganyan...nakakain sila (mga bata)…

bigay ng mga government at ng mga dswd..”.

In fact, relief items have always played an important role in assisting individuals who are

in need of basic necessities (food, water, clothing, etc.) after natural or man-made disasters.

Being able to manage relief supplies is critical, especially when disasters strike unexpectedly or

with great severity. Relief is important to hasten the distribution of supplies and aid those in

need. Given that humans can only survive without food and water for a certain number of days,

it is crucial to prepare relief supplies as early as possible and to be able to circulate it to the

affected areas. Since the municipality’s current processes for relief management are done

manually, there are some usually discrepancies in relief goods accountability, delivery,

allocation and prioritization of high-risk areas (Espina et. al, 2013).

However, maintaining a healthy and good nutrition, and boosting one’s immune system

are still vital in this time of crisis. Food packs are a useful approach to encourage individuals to

stay at home and avoid the spread of COVID-19, but fresh vegetables should be included to

promote proper nutrition. Other local government units are encouraged to follow suit. COVID-19

can be prevented and disseminated with a strong immune system, sufficient nutrition, and

proper cleanliness (Mabalot, 2021). Furthermore, Mabalot (2021) found from his research that

actions are confined and work is curtailed during the CoViD-19 epidemic. Many of our people

struggle to make enough money to survive. 46

In general, the table concludes that in this time of CoViD-19 crisis, perceptions of local

government emergency assistance food operations and raising one's immune system are still
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
critical. Undoubtedly, the crisis brought various effects such as social and economical problems

to people which resulted to the necessity and urgent calling for the effective measures to deal

with such effects. Along with it, the appropriate, worthy and satisfying interventions such as

relief operations from the local government units are needed as they are one of the front liners

in any disasters like pandemic crisis. The table proves that a kind of food relief operations as

emergency intervention was an effective strategy to lessen the aftermath of a particular problem

such as community lockdown and quarantines. Those are necessary steps to not only mitigate

the virus, but also solve the hunger and insecurity issues of every household.

2.2 Economic Impacts on employment and Livelihood

Table 7. Results of the Responses of Participants on the Status of Employment and Livelihoods
During the First and Second Quarters of Covid-19 Pandemic of 2020.

Themes Codes Statements of the Participants

Retention of Usual and Selling Clothes P7. Pag ganon…magtinda kami damit
Normal Jobs Under the P8. Minsan nagtitinda ng damit...
Covid-19 Pandemic
However was Limited Selling P3. Magtitinda rin, yung mga hikaw
and Controlled accessories in pumapalit mga sirang cellphone.
Exchange of P4. Ang trabaho po ng asawa ko ay
Unused Gadgets nagtitinda po siya ng mga perlas.. yung mga
(Dayo) hikaw
P5. Ang trabaho niya kase nagdayo siya sa
Bicol, dalawang lingo…mga hikaw pinapalit
sa sirang cellphone tapos kapag may napalit
siya saka niya ulit ibebenta at ipapadala sa
amin
Fishing P4. Kapag wala po siya sa
ano...namimingwit
P12. Yung trabaho nya lang po sir…
nagingisda lang po sya
Note. Please see Appendix D on page 121-124 for the complete interview transcript.

Table 7 shows the employment and livelihood status of Badjao households during the

first and second quarter s of CoVid-19 pandemic of 2020. It appears that there were retention of

usual and normal jobs among the households under the Covid-19 pandemic which served as
 47

MARYHILL COLLEGE
the identified theme. This was identified as the following jobs and livelihood of the households

were centered on the customary economic livelihoods of the Badjao such as selling clothes,

selling accessories and fishing.

To interpret each employment and/or livelihoods, the table shows that few participants

mentioned that they sell clothes as an alternative way to support their need since they do not

have the other options. They also mentioned that they usually sell clothes on their

neighbourhood or to those non-indigenous people like “Tagalog”, as the participants stated,

“’Pag ganoon…magtinda kami damit” and “Minsan nagtitinda ng damit”. Furthermore, several

participants reported that they remained selling accessories in exchange of unused gadgets,

which they called as “dayo” in order to earn money even this will cause less income because of

the pandemic. These participants uttered, “Magtitinda rin, yung mga hikaw pumapalit mga

sirang cellphone.” and “Ang trabaho niya kase nagdayo siya sa Bicol, dalawang linggo…mga

hikaw pinapalit sa sirang cellphone tapos kapag may napalit siya saka niya ulit ibebenta at

ipapadala sa amin”. Whereas, also few of the participants job throughout the second and first

quarter of the pandemic is fishing and this was also their way to gather foods for their tables,

few of them answered, “Kapag wala po siya sa ano..namimingwit” and “Yung trabaho nya lang

po sir… nagingisda lang po sya”.

Casual and low-skilled workers are usually the first to be laid off during economic

downturns (Heyes, 2014; Hunter, 2009; Pollmann-Schult, 2005). Because their jobs are more

concentrated in casual and low-skilled jobs, indigenous workers will fare worse than other

Australians during and after the COVID-19 crisis. Clearly, indigenous people had poor labor

market outcomes due to disparities in both labor and market endowments, as well as disparities

in the rewards for these endowments (Kalb et al. 2014).

In summary, majority of the Badjao indigenous housholds in Barangay Barra are in low-

skilled and informal jobs during the first and second quarters of the pandemic of 2020, as they
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
more likely to sell clothes, sell accessories in exchange of unused gadgets and fishing during

such periods. Most of them continue selling accessories and clothes as other way to earn

money and deal with their employment and food insecurities. This proves that the community

households preserved their long-established livelihoods which considered somehow informal

jobs that provides them insufficient income. As effects of the CoVid-19 pandemic, Badjao

households obviously experienced less income and find other means to sustain their basic

needs.

Table 8. Results of the Responses of Participants on the Perceptions of Badjao Households on

their Work Experiences Amidst First and Second Quarters of Covid-19 Pandemic of 2020.

Themes Codes Statements of the Participants

Negative InaccessibilityP2. Ano…ano lang ho parang grounded lang po kami
Perceptions on of Work parang sa loob lang pero, control ho yung trabaho
Work Experiences namin binibigyan lang kami ng ilang oras eh, di naman
po sapat yun
P3. Pero noong naglockdown walang trabaho
syempre sa loob lng bahay...ganon
P5. Minsan kasi wala trabaho eh gawa ng mahigpit…
bawal lumabas daw
P6. Ngayon kasi kontrolado ang aming trabaho…
minsan may kita…minsan wala
P7. Syempre mahigpit noon…kaya wala hanapbuhay
sa bahay lang…wala…ano ah... kita
Struggles at P2. Mahirap po, pero kailangan magtiis eh, para lang
Work ma… makaraos
P3. Mahirap kasi minsan wala kita, minsan may kita
tapos kung wala…
P4. Mahirap po kasi minsan hindi po sila makabenta
hindi naman po araw-araw sa paglalakad nila
meron...minsan wala.. minsan hindi po sila kumakain
maghapon kapag po sila ay dumadayo...
P8. Kahit mahirap ang sitwasyon noon… magtiis na
lang, paano wala ganyan, pangkain…
P9. Mahirap po, mahirap po kasi trabaho nya po sa 49
piyer wala po siya tulog kasi iniisip wala trabaho at
kakainin
P10. Ang masasabi ko lang po ay…talagang mahirap
po yun ma’am, mahirap…
P11. Mahirap pero….kailangan kayanin, kasi may
mga anak na umaasa satin…
Note. Please see Appendix D on page 121-124 for the complete interview transcript.
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
Table 8 presents the perceptions of Badjao community households on their work

experiences amidst the first and second quarters of CoVid-19 pandemic of 2020. It emerged

that the identified theme is the negative perceptions on work experiences among the

households which includes inaccessibility and struggle at work of the Badjao people.

Some of these households perceived their work as inaccessibile, where they

experienced quarantine by staying or remaining at their home due to lockdowns, in which also

their customary work was sometimes restricted, controlled and hampered. The participants

uttered, “Ano…ano lang ho parang grounded lang po kami parang sa loob lang pero, control ho

yung trabaho namin binibigyan lang kami ng ilang oras eh, di naman po sapat yun kasi yung…”

and “Pero noong naglockdown walang trabaho syempre sa loob lang bahay...ganon.” Whereas,

majority of the indigenous households experienced struggles at work as a consequence of the

pandemic, however they needed to endure these difficulties just to provide the needs of their

families. They experienced such because of the strict guidelines and protocols to mitigate the

rising cases of corona virus. The participants stated, “Mahirap po, pero kailangan magtiis eh,

para lang ma…makaraos” and “Mahirap pero…. Kailangan kayanin, kasi may mga anak na

umaasa sa atin…”

In fact, the unprecedented and rapid disruption of the said pandemic has widened the

political, social, and economic crevices in the Philippines, where lockdown measures were

popularly used to control the outbreak. Following the declaration of the first local COVID-19

case in the Philippines in March 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte declared the National Capital

Region under General Community Quarantine (GCQ), causing a mass migration from the city to

the regions. The entire Luzon island, which is divided into eight areas, was placed under

Enhanced Community Quarantine due of the rapid spike in cases (ECQ). Except for critical

businesses like health, finance, and food, people's mobility was restricted under ECQ. While the
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
country is under one of the harshest and longest pandemic lockdowns (Dadap-Cantal et al.,

2020).

Overall, the table reveals how the Badjao indigenous households negatively look and

perceived their works in the basis of difficult challenges and experiences they had during the

first and second quarters of the pandemic. They have these negative perceptions as the heath

protocols and strict guidelines particularly at work led them to experience inaccessibility and

struggles at work. Majority of them were not able to sustain household basic needs during such

time and hampered their over-all mobilities, particularly at work. In line with these, the table

proves that the pandemic has widened both the political, social, and most especially economic

crevices in the Philippines, as the lockdown measures were imposed and used to manage the

outbreak. Since, it was also proven that indigenous people are paid less than their non-

indigenous counterparts.

Table 9. Results of the Responses of Participants on the Sufficiency of Work and Livelihoods in
Sustaining Family Needs Amidst First and Second Quarters of Covid-19 Pandemic of 2020.

Themes Codes Statements of the Participants

Inadequacy of Work Insufficiency of P2. Nitong mahigpit ay hindi ho sapat ang
Income Throughout the Basic Needs trabaho...hirap na ho kami nun eh, pero tiis na
Periods of Lockdown lang ho
P3. Hindi po, kasi yung asawa ko maglabas
lumalayas, maghanap ibang kita ‘di sapat eh…
P4. Hindi po…kasi hind po yon sapat kasi nga
po minsan wala..walang benta
P5. Pero noong lockdown ‘di na siya
makapagtrabaho halos...hindi sapat na kita niya
dun
P7. Hindi sakto sa pamilya ang trabaho at
kita… wala trabaho halos eh kaya pag wala…
tiis gutom tulog na lang 51
P9. Hindi samin sapat maam…kulang kasi
noon ay isang beses lang ako makatinda pag
nakatakas sa mga tanod
P10. Hindi po sapat kasi wala customer
minsan…hindi sapat nagiging kita
P11. Hindi sapat minsan kaya hanap ng iba
P12. Minsan hindi sapat trabaho ko…kasi

50
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
minsan matumal…kakaunti ang isda ‘di…wala
na kami benta dun minsan kaya hanap ng iba
Note. Please see Appendix D on page 121-124 for the complete interview transcript.

Table 9 reveals the sufficiency status of households’ work and livelihoods to sustain

family needs amidst first and second quarters of CoVid-19 pandemic of 2020. It appears that

there was inadequacy of work income from their jobs (as identified theme) throughout the

periods of lockdown which obviously resulted to insufficiency of basic needs. This theme was

pointed out as the work and livelihoods provides usually a less-income and sometimes no work,

since there is a community lockdown which obstructed them to be productive and acquire

necessary extra paying jobs.

Furthermore, the table shows that most of the participants experienced lack of support

for their basic needs since, most of them experience difficulty at work. As mentioned by the

participants “Nitong mahigpit ay hindi ho sapat ang trabaho...hirap na ho kami nun eh, pero tiis

na lang ho” and “Hindi sakto sa pamilya ang trabaho at kita… wala trabaho halos eh kaya pag

wala… tiis gutom tulog na lang.” As a result. they are having insufficiency on their work income

that reflects on their budget for their basic needs. It also shows that the factor that made their

livelihood and works insufficient is the imposed lockdown which hampered their mobility to be

productive and consistent at work, as participants answered, “Hindi samin sapat maam…kulang

kasi noon ay isang beses lang ako makatinda pag nakatakas sa mga tanod” and “Hindi sapat…

kasi yung kita ko konti lang kasi di makalabas…di makapasok...sa trabaho”. 52

In the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, indigenous peoples’ livelihoods are being

severely impacted, as they work in sectors, such as tourism and commerce, that have been

particularly hard hit by the pandemic (ILO 2020b).

However, due to the insufficiencies of work and job loss to sustain households needs,

the government took measures to ensure each household would not come into hunger. The
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
Philippine government implemented a large-scale social protection program and placed the

country under stringent community quarantine when the COVID-19 global pandemic broke out.

During the country's quarantine, the Philippine government implemented a social protection

program to address how COVID-19 affected poverty in the Philippines. The government

supplied emergency aid under the SAP or the Social Amelioration Program, which is in

accordance with the enacted Bayanihan to Heal as One Act. This program is purposedly for

those people who lost their jobs and acquired insufficient incomes in such period (Lomibao,

2021). According to the World Bank, the initiative reached 18 million poor and vulnerable

households, accounting for 70% of the population. The SAP beneficiaries included the 4.4

million households enrolled in the country's main safety net program, the Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program (4Ps or Pantawid), as well as other vulnerable groups such as informal

workers. 53

In addition, the COVID-19 has had a significant impact on rural livelihoods. Loss of

income and job possibilities were major issues in the Philippines' disadvantaged communities.

COVID-19 limits and their significant economic impact were especially difficult to cope with in

disaster-prone populations. The findings suggest that the most pressing issues prior to and

during COVID-19 were: a lack of income prospects and a fall in wages were already difficulties,

but the pandemic exacerbated them greatly. During the epidemic, communities reported

persistent food shortages as well as health, sanitation, and nutrition concerns.

Overall, the table clearly shows that majority in Badjao indigenous people are

experiencing inadequacy of work which caused insufficiency on their basic needs. It was

evidently true, as the pandemic restricted the mobilities of people at work. Informal workers

suffered more as their jobs were more prone to virus. Thereby, most of the statistics showed

that marginalized sectors’ work and livelihoods were severely impacted. Included in this sector

are the IPs or indigenous people whom depended their lives on their traditional livelihoods. As a
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
result, most of the indigenous people experience extreme poverty because of less income,

struggles at work and inconsistent job opportunies throughout the CoVid-19 pandemic.

Table 10. Results of the Responses of Participants on the Impacts of First and Second Quarter
of Covid-19 Pandemic of 2020 on Work and/or Livelihoods of Badjao Families.

Themes Codes Statements of the Participants

Poor Working Work InstabilityP1. Negatibo kasI…bago kami matigil na sa
Conditions Brought trabaho, kung may pupunta na doon sa amin sa
by the Covid-19 pagtatrabahuhan namin...minsan may trabaho
Pandemic minsan wala
P5. Opo negatibo..noong lock down po hindi po
siya nakapag hanap-buhay kasi inuutusan ko siya
minsan lumabas para makatulong sa pamilya
namin
P12. Negatibo para sakin…minsan pag dating ng
oras ng curfew minsan hindi rin pwede dumaan…
Unemployment P3. Mahirap, kasi bawal lumabas
and Job Insecurity P4. ng lockdown sa pagtitinda po ng asawa ko
kasi po talaga noong lockdown mahirap po talaga
ang buhay hindi po makalabas mga asawa namin
nasa bahay lang po
P7. Nahirapan mag trabaho
P8. Mahirap... yun na nga.. mga hindi pinag-
bawalan.. bawal.. bahay nalang..pag-wala
nagsabi…bawal mag laot..
P9. Mahirap kasi… di sya makapaghanapbuhay
dayo
P11. Hindi, kasi sa piyer lang sya… kasi ako di
makalaba sa kapitbahay… kasi sabi nga ng kapit
bahay wala silang pambayad sa labandera…
mahirapang epekto
Laid-off Workers P2. Negatibo kasi yung… ano ho eh pagbabawas
din kaagad ng mga tauhan sa trabaho
P6. Nawalan ng trabaho…kaya… mahirap… 54
negatibo talaga
Note. Please see Appendix D on page 121-124 for the complete interview transcript.

Table 10 reveals the determined impacts of first and second quarters of CoViD-19

pandemic of 2020 on work and/or livelihoods of Badjao families. It appears that poor working

condition is one of the problems of the households which is also one the consequences brought

by the imposed pandemic lockdown. This theme was identified as each household suffered from

work instability, unemployment, job insecurity and became laid-off workers.

 MARYHILL COLLEGE
Moreover, the table shows that because of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 there was a

negative effects of it on their employment, as some of them experienced work instability in

which their jobs were sometimes restricted and inconsistent at times. As the respondents stated

that “Opo negatibo...nung lock down po hindi po siya nakapag hanapbuhay kase inuutusan ko

siya minsan lumabas para makatulong sa pamilya namin.” and “Negatibo kasi….bago kami

matigil na sa trabaho, kung may pupunta na dun saamin sa pagtatrabahu-n namin...minsan

may trabaho minsan wala.” Meanwhile, most of the household participants unemployment and

job insecurity and unemployment due to the imposed lockdowns that made the families stayed

at home and be unemployed. Owing to CoVid-19 pandemic and its strict rules and regulations,

most of them dropped on unemployment. As mentioned by the respondents “Nung lockdown sa

pagtitinda po ng asawa ko kasi po talaga noong lockdown mahirap po talaga ang buhay hindi

po makalabas mga asawa namin nasa bahay lang po.” and “Hindi, kasi sa pier lang sya… kasi

ako di makalaba sa kapitbahay… kasi sabi nga ng kapitbahay wala silang pambayad sa

labandera…mahirap ang epekto”. However. some households were laid-off from work because

of the pandemic, which most of the household workers have been subjected to employee 55

reductions. The participants uttered “Negatibo kasi yung… ano ho eh pagbabawas din kaagad

ng mga tauhan sa trabaho.” and “Nawalan ng trabaho…kaya…mahirap…negatibo talaga.”

The COVID-19 disease has the potential to have major consequences for everyone's

well-being, livelihood, and health. China's severe public health policy of quarantine and isolation

in Wuhan resulted in a reduction in the effective number of propagators (Dandekar and

Barbastathis, 2020).

According to the results of the 2014-2015 NATSISS Survey or National Aboriginal and

Torres Strait Islander Social Survey and the 2014 General Social Survey, indigenous people are

2.3 times more likely than other Australians to be continuously unemployed for two years.

Intercensal data in the middle of 2011 and 2016 show that unemployed Indigenous people are
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
only 0.65 times as likely as their non-Indigenous counterparts to transition into employment.

Indeed, unemployed Indigenous people are 1.6 times as likely to experience another spell of

unemployment and also 1.6 times as bound to stop looking for jobs and leave the labour force

five years later (ABS, 2019a).

In conclusion, the pandemic has brought devastating effect on work lives of the

indigenous households. The work and livelihoods became worse due to the various health

protocols implemented as interventions in fighting against the pandemic crisis. This particular

phenomenon resulted to work instability, unemployment and job insecurity and laid-off of worker

which became a poor working condition among Badjao households. Moroever, statistical

surveys back then proved that both employment and income rates of indigenous dropped out as

majority were restricted at work and no other choice but to obey the lockdown protocols. The

table, in a nutshell, revealed how the community of Badjao economically impacted for a long

period of time by the pandemic and by that, there should be a necessary recovery actions

needed to lift up and reestablish the affected economy of the Badjao community.

2.3 Economic Impacts on Working Conditions

Table 11. Results of the Responses of Participants on the Status and Conditions of Badjao
Families’ Work and Livelihoods Amidst First and Second Quarters of Covid-19 Pandemic of
2020.

Themes Codes Statements of the Participants

Poor Working Conditions Unemployed P1. Sabihin walang ano… bawal trabaho uwi
Brought by the Pandemic muna, walang pasok
P2. Wala ho trabaho…
P3. ‘Pag wala minsan kasi alas kwatro, ala singko
mag-uwi na sya
P4. ‘Di po talaga siya nakakapag hanap-buhay...
P9. Wala siyang trabho
Less income P5. Kaunti lang benta
P7. Makapag-trabaho…dina mabenta…paninda
wala…nabenta, paninda...wala nabenta
paninda...
P10. Aming panghanapbuhay ay hindi po sapat
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
Difficulty at
P5. Mahirap kasi… mahirap makatrabaho…
work P6. Mahirap kasi kapag walang kontrata…walang
trabaho sa bahay ka lang.
P7. Mahirap toy...’di natin…alam san makuha
pera…
P8. Mahirap…kasi…wala talaga eh
P10. Mahirap mahirapan po kami dun sa aming 56
hanap-buhay.
Note. Please see Appendix D on page 121-124 for the complete interview transcript.

Table 11 shows the status and conditions of work and livelihoods of Badjao families

amidst first and second quarters of CoVid-19 pandemic of 2020. The identified theme shows

that there are poor working conditions among the works and livelihoods of the households which

was brought by the pandemic. These poor working conditions were determined as the table

shows particular problems of the households within their works and livelihoods such as

unemployment, less income and difficulty at work.

In particular, the table shows that the Badjao indigenous households experienced

unemployment as CoVid-19 pandemic emerged, in which it affects their working conditions

during the first and second quarterd of the pandemic 2020. As participants reported, "Sabihin

walang ano… bawal trabaho uwi muna, walang pasok" and "’Di po talaga siya

nakakapaghanap-buhay." However, some households experienced less income due to

pandemic that affect their work life. It results to insufficiency and instability of work which

resulted to experience shortage on basic needs. The respondents stated, “Konti lang benta” and

“Aming panghanap-buhay ay hindi po sapat.” Whereas, few of them experienced difficulty at 57

work due to the strict CoVid-19 pndemic guidelines and some of them faced a hard time in

finding money to support their basic needs. The participant uttered, “Mahirap toy... ‘di natin…

alam san makuha pera…” and “Mahirap kasi… mahirap makatrabaho…”

Amidst of a global recession triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has resulted to

the loss of huge number of working hours in the 2020's first half (ILO 2020). Governments are
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
expected to search for ways to stimulate their labour markets, and also to address the

challenges and problems posed by informality and limited safety nets (World Bank 2020). In this

regard, it is critically important to protect vulnerable populations. The Indigenous Navigator has

recorded cases of indigenous persons who have been laid off in urban areas in the time of the

pandemic, including in industrial sectors. It has also revealed the difficulties that indigenous

agricultural workers face with regard to selling their products on account of lockdown measures

and restrictions on transportation.

In summary, the Badjao indigenous people experienced difficulty in working condition on

the period of first and second quarters of the Covid-19. In which, it resulted to losing of informal

jobs in urban areas in context and some experienced less income and difficulty at work. Due to

this case, many of them are experiencing insufficiency on their basic needs and it affects their

social life. These distinct constraints and challenges on each household's livelihood and labor

demonstrated that their working circumstances were poor.

Table 12. Results of the Responses of the Participants on the Impacts of First and Second
Quarters of Covid-19 Pandemic of 2020 on the Working Condition of Badjao Households.

Themes Codes Statement of the Participants

New Normal Introduction of new P1. Pero sa trabaho…noong maghigpit ano…
Work Set-up work set-up watak-watak na kami, naka facemask kami tapos
Because of kung yung… malapit na may trabaho kami sabi ng
58
Covid-19 amo naming dapat naka facemask kami tapos may
Pandemic faceshield saka watak-watak kami sa trabaho...
P2. ang ano na lang ho naming, syempre mag-
uusap po kayo malayo yung isa parang…’di naman
okay yata yun
P3. Saka nahihirapan siya sa trabaho...nakaface
mask at shield...
nahihirapan sya makahinga ba…
P4. Tapos minsan bawal magdikit at kailangan
magmask talaga...
P7. Yung galaw nila ay limitado lalo…na ano…may
mask sila suot tapos bawal pa magtabi-tabi
P10. limitado ang galaw tapos kailangan may
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
taklob ang muka para di makahawa.
Limited Working P1. Tapos minsan pinapauwi kami maaga kaya
Hours minsan mababa sahod. Uwi agad kasi may curfew
P3. Tapos may curfew pa pinapauwi agad
P7. Saka…ano ahmm…dati ay may curfew kaya
dali dali sya paguwi dto (laughing)
P12. Saka kontrolado ng gobyerno dahil kasi
lockdown saka kailangan makauwi agad
kasi...huhulihin...may curfew
Unsafe Work P9. Sa kalagayan po ng trabaho ko…masyadong
buwis buhay kasi…may virus kalaban mo yun…
sala doble ang oras paghanap buhay
P12. Pero… di parin po maausad sa kahirapan…
mahirap parin (laughing). Sa paglaot niya buhay
ang sakripisyo medyo delikado…
Note. Please see Appendix D on page 121-124 for the complete interview transcript.

Table 12 presents the impacts of first and second quarters of Covid 19 pandemic of

2020 on the working condition of Badjao households. The theme reveals that during such

periods the households were experienced a new work set-up that is far from their usual and

customary activities. This identified theme was supported by these particular impacts on related

to working condition such as introduction to new work set-up, limited working hours, and dealing

with unsafe work.

To explain each, the table indicates that majority among the households were introduced

to a new work set-up which where they experienced unusual set-up of work under the new

normal setting brought by the pandemic. Most of them adjusted to their workplaces,

experienced limited movements and social distancing and forced to wear personal protective

equipment (PPE), such as face masks and face shields as part of non-pharmaceutical

interventions implemented by the government. Furthermore, this kind of new normal work set-up

was far different from what they experienced before the emerging of corona virus disease. As

mentioned by the participants “Pero sa trabaho... noong maghigpit ano…watak-watak na kami,

naka facemask kami tapos kung yung… malapit na may trabaho kami sabi ng amo namin dapat
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
naka facemask kami tapos may faceshield saka watak-watak kami sa trabaho” and “Yung

galaw nila ay limitado lalo…na ano…may mask sila suot tapos bawal pa magtabi-tabi.”

Meanwhile, some household participants reported that they experienced limited working

hours on their work. Due to the strict CoVid-19 protocol, they were not given enough time for

work as the national government ordered a curfew hour which required people to remain

indoors between specified hours. In that case, they had lesser income compare to their usual

income before the pandemic. As the households mentioned, “Tapos minsan pinapauwi kami

maaga kaya minsan mababa sahod. Uwi agad kasi may curfew” and “Saka kontrolado ng

gobyerno dahil kasi lockdown saka kailangan makauwi agad kasi...huhulihin...may curfew.”

Moroever, few households expressed that their work became unsafe and it is due to

their thought of possibility that they might be get infected with the CoVID-19 disease. As per

them, their life is at sake whenever they are in work because they have no idea whether they

will be infected which is harmful most especially to their families. However, they did not have

any choice, but to work, in order to sustain the daily needs of their family. As the participants

uttered “Sa kalagayan po ng trabaho ko…masyadong buwis buhay kasi…may virus kalaban mo

yun…sala doble ang oras paghanap buhay” and “Pero…’di parin po maausad sa kahirapan…

mahirap parin (laughing). Sa paglaot niya buhay ang sakripisyo medyo delikado”.

In fact, wearing face masks together with other preventive measures may help restrict

the spread of the virus, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). People can use a

variety of masks to protect themselves during the current pandemic. They reiterate also that 60

people can transmit the virus to others while showing no signs or symptoms of COVID-19. This

was supported as according to a mathematical model from a 2020 study, persons with no

symptoms account for 40–80 percent of transmission.

Although the science behind face masks isn't conclusive, these products are likely to

provide some protection against the coronavirus. One study found that surgical face masks
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
could prevent the coronavirus from being transmitted from symptomatic persons. Other

researchers advocate for wearing face masks in public as well. As a result, it was possible that

broad public use of face masks could help reduce the virus's spread. When going out, the

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that people wear a simple

cloth face covering. Furthermore, in addition to face masks, it is critical to maintain additional

preventive measures such as physical distancing and hand washing to limit viral spread (WHO,

2019). Furthermore, the number of illnesses and deaths is still rising globally at this moment.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends containment, mitigation, contact tracing,

self-isolation, social distancing, face masks, enhanced health care systems, hand-washing, and

surface cleaning to prevent infection (WHO, 2020b).

Today, many indigenous peoples' livelihoods and economic activities have changed in

recent years. According to the research, around 45 percent of indigenous mena and women do

not work in agriculture. Despite their overrepresentation among the impoverished, indigenous

groups have a greater employment participation rate than non-indigenous peoples worldwide

(63.3% compared to 59.1%), according to the research. However, these figures are

accompanied by significant disparities in the quality of work - indigenous peoples frequently face

terrible working conditions and discrimination. (ILO, 2019). In paid and salaried labor,

indigenous peoples earn 18 percent less than their non-indigenous colleagues. According to the

survey, indigenous peoples' greater employment rates may reflect a willingness to engage in

any sort of revenue generation, even if it is poorly paid and under poor working conditions, due

to poverty (ILO, 2019).

Overall, the table shows that the pandemic had its clear impact to the socio-economic

life that reflects on the work and livelihood of the Badjao families during the first and second

quarters of the pandemic. Which where, the pandemic impacted particularly, the condition and

status of work or livelihood of indigenous households. For instance, most of the Badjao
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
indigenous households were experiencing a new work set-up which they were not used to and

are new to that kind of set-up. They are having trouble to deal with the new normal, experienced

hardships at work and struggling to find new job as their usual livelihood and work were

insufficient to support their families.

Part III. Coping Mechanisms of Badjao Households on the Economic Impacts Brought by
the First and Second Quarters of CoViD-19 Pandemic of 2020

3.1 Food Insecurity

Table 13. Results of the Responses of Participants on the Coping Mechanisms and Strategies
of in Dealing with the Food Insecurity Brought by the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Themes Codes Statement of the Participants

Informal Jobs and Selling Clothes P1. ‘Yung mga kung di ako magtatrabaho minsan
Disobedience to magtitinda ako damit.
Survive P3. Ako na… maghahanap maka benta ng damit
(laugh) pinapalit ng asawa ko maglalako kami dyan
sa bahay-bahay
P5. Magtinda sa labas ng damit doon…oo magtinda
ng damit namin…diyan kami nag titinda sa labas sa
mga Tagalog. binebenta nanamin mga limang
piso,sampong piso para makabili ng kape at tinapay
P7. Magbinta ng mga damit.
P9. Ako lang po nadiskarte, nagbebenta ako ng
damit.
P12. Minsan po magtitinda kami ng mga damit…
kung ano po pwede naming matinda
Collecting Shells P1. Ah nung lockdown…ah punta kami dyan
(Paghihibas) dagat...maghibas kami.
P2. Minsan mapunta sa dagat magihibas na lang
P3. Maghibasan sya sa dagat para makakain. 62
P12. Nanghihibasan sa dagat.
Fishing P4. Pangingisda po…kahit saan po
P12. ‘Pag kaya naman ay maglalaot sa dagat
Disobedience on P2. Ay! Lumalabag po kami sa… ano… sa
Quarantine patakaran ng Barangay para lang makahanap.
Rules P4. Pero nung pandemic…asawa ko tatakas yan
(laughing)…hahanap ng pangkain namin.
Sideline Jobs P5. Si nanay…(laughing) si nanay talaga ang ano…
minsan nakikiusap nalang sa piyer...sa captain
mamalimos dun kapag di siya pinapalabas
P7. Minsan anak ko..kami... magpunta pier…
P11. Kung ‘di sya makatinda ibang lugar… ang
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
diskarte po ng asawa ko pumunta sya sa piyer dun
na sya matulog…mag-extra.
Note. Please see Appendix D on page 125 for the complete interview transcript.

Table 13 reveals the coping mechanisms and strategies adopted by the Badjao

households in coping with the encountered food insecurity during the first and second quarters

of the CoViD-19 pandemic of 2020. It shows that the identified theme is the informal jobs and

disobedience to survive which was determined based on the following codes such as selling

clothes, fishing, collecting shells, sideline jobs as well as disobeyed the lockdown protocols in

order to somehow secure their food within their families.

Some households mentioned that they tried to sell clothes within and alongside of their

community during the first and second quarter of the pandemic just to have an income for their

basic needs. As the participants mentioned, “Ako na… maghahanap maka benta ng damit

(laugh) pinapalit ng asawa ko maglalako kami dyan sa bahay-bahay” and “Magtinda sa labas

ng damit doon…oo magtinda ng damit namin…diyan kami nag titinda sa labas sa mga Tagalog

binebenta nanamin mga limang piso,sampong piso para makabili ng kape at tinapay”. Whereas,

some of them collected shells (paghihibas) in the sea side, as these became part of their food

intake during the lockdown. As the participants reported, “Ah nung lockdown…ah punta kami

dyan dagat...maghibas kami” and “Maghibasan sya sa dagat para makakain”. Moreover, few of

them continued their traditional livelihood of fishing to secure their food in their tables. As one

participant answered, “’Pag kaya naman ay maglalaot sa dagat”. 63

Unfortunately, few of them had no choice but to disobey the lockdown protocols. Due to

the extreme hunger and poverty brought by the pandemic lockdown, they urged themselves to

find alternative jobs and disobeyed the Baranggay officials. As the participants reported, “Ay!

Lumalabag po kami sa… ano… sa patakaran ng Baranggay para lang makahanap” and “Pero

nung pandemic…asawa ko tatakas yan (laughing)…hahanap ng pangkain naming”.

 MARYHILL COLLEGE
Furthermore, households find sideline jobs during such periods. They adopted informal jobs that

offers low income, but somehow enough to sustain food needs. As the households answered,

“Si nanay…(laugh) si nanay talaga ang ano…minsan nakikiusap nalang sa piyer...sa captain

mamalimos dun kapag di siya pinapalabas” and “Kung di sya makatinda ibang lugar… ang

diskarte po ng asawa ko pumunta sya sa pier dun na sya matulog…magextra”.

In fact, the informal economy employs 90 percent of employees in underdeveloped

countries (Bonnet, et. al, 2019). There are over 2 billion informal laborers worldwide who identify

as individuals with variable work schedules or no set remuneration (ILO 2020a). Despite the fact

that they are not recognized by social protection authorities and do not have the same rights as

those employed in the formal sector, they make up the bulk of the workforce. Many people have

lost their jobs as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak, and providing assistance to these people is

vital.

Furthermore, the COVID-19 dilemma threatens the livelihoods of an estimated 1.6 billion

of the world's 2 billion informal laborers. As reported by the International Labour Organization

(2020), lost labor revenue due to lockdown measures might result in a rise of additionally 56

percentage points in relative poverty for informal workers and their family in low- and middle-

income countries. This vast sector employs approximately 300 million subsistence farmers and

works in industries like as hospitality and food services, manufacturing, retail and wholesale

trade, and many more. As a result of pandemic-related layoffs, estimates of income loss may

rise as more people enter the informal economy. Informal laborers are particularly vulnerable

due to a lack of social protection, excellent health care, reliable energy, and, in certain

circumstances, sanitation infrastructure. Retail trade and service industries like as street

vending and domestic employment have been the hardest hit, as they are often low-wage jobs

that rely on in-person interactions (WIEGO 2020a).

 MARYHILL COLLEGE
According to the Labor Force Survey data in the Philippines, 38.3 percent of those

employed are in vulnerable jobs. This means that nearly two out of every five workers have

fewer formal employment agreements and social safety nets, putting them at higher risk during

a crisis or shock.

Generally, it was evident that indigenous workers tend to rely more on informal jobs as

these are the common type of livelihoods they have and their alternative way to sustain their

food needs. Moreover, with the rising cases of CoViD-19 and obstructing community

restrictions, most workers adopted and continued working in the sectors within informal

economy, as coping mechanisms for their problems such as food insecurities. It is proven that

the households find all their ways just to support their family amid this crisis. According to Weigo

2020, the COVID-19 problem has affected 2 billion informal laborers worldwide, with an

estimated 1.6 billion of them losing their jobs. Furthermore, the findings manifested that the

coping mechanisms were selling clothes, collecting shells, fishing, disobedience on quarantine

rules, and sideline jobs.

3.2 Work-Related Problems

Table 14. Results of the Responses of Participants on the Coping Mechanisms and Strategies
in Work-Related Problems Brought by the First and Second Quarters of Covid-19 Pandemic of
2020.

Themes Codes Statements of the Participants

Households Became Work-Related P2. Ehhh…gumagawa na lang ng paraan kahit
Strategic in Coping Strategies sabihin nila na bawal pa akong magtrabaho, 65
with Work Problems (Diskarte) naghahanap ng alternatibo.
P3. Na maghanap ng ibang paraan
P5. Siya na nagawa ng paraan kapag wala kami
pagkain samin
Obedience P1. Wala magawa, sa bahay lang dito sa loob lang
P7. Wala na…yun lang…tiis na lang…
P11. Wala na sunod na lang sa gobyerno
Overtime P6. May overtime…syempre kailangan mag-
overtime...paramatustusan pangangailangan ng
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
pamilya
P10. Kumbaga sa ano marami parating yung
mga…ahh items madami po akong mag-overtime
para kumita
P11. Overtime na lang sya sa pier mga five or six
alis na sya dito ng hapon tapos balik sya rito ng
five o six ng madaling araw… minsan na lang sya
matulog
Disobedience P3. Kahit san-san dyan natakas kami
P12. Ahh…minsan tumatakas na si tatay pag
hating gabi na walang tao para…kahit papaano
makakakain daw anak nya mga apo
Note. Please see Appendix D on page 125 for the complete interview transcript.

Table 14 reveals the coping strategies and/or mechanisms of Badjao families in coping

with their work problems brought by the first and second quarters of CoVid-19 pandemic of

2020. The identified theme is the households became strategic in coping with work problems as

the codes shows the following strategic ways of the households such as work-related strategies,

obedience, overtime, and disobedience. These following strategies and mechanisms were

adopted and been utilized by the indigenous households as they encountered problems at work

due to the infliction of lockdown measures.

In particular, the households became strategic in coping with work problems, as the

households used work-related strategies (diskarte), overtime in work and also becoming

obedient and disobedient as well. Moreover, the table shows that few of the indigenous

households experienced and embraced work-related strategies (diskarte) by doing alternative

works aside from the usual to deal with the pandemic and somehow sustain their everyday

needs. The participants answered, “Ehhh, gumagawa na lang ng paraan kahit sabihin nila na

bawal pa akong magtrabaho, naghahanap ng alternatibo.” and “Siya na nagawa ng paraan

kapag wala kami pagkain samin”. However, some housheolds became obedient with the

lockdown by staying inside their house and follow the CoVid-19 protocol for their safety. As

mentioned by the respondents “Wala na sunod na lang sa gobyerno” and “Wala magawa, sa
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
bahay lang dito sa loob lang”. Meanwhile, there are some Badjao households who became

disobedient and sometimes disregarded the lockdown protocols just to find the means to have

income and access foods for their family. The participants stated that “Kahit san-san diyan

natakas kami” and “Ahh… minsan tumatakas na si tatay pag hating gabi na walang tao para…

kahit papaano makakakain daw anak nya mga apo”. Furthermore, few among the households

had to overtime on their works to somehow maintain their basic needs since, they needed to

earn money for their family. They uttered that “May overtime…syempre kailangan mag-

overtime…para matustusan pangangailangan ng pamilya” and “Overtime na lang siya sa piyer

mga five or six alis na sya dito ng hapon tapos balik sya dito ng five o six ng madaling araw…

minsan na lang sya matulog.”

Indigenous People Local Communities (IPLCs) are more affected by the disease than

other persons in Brazil and the United States (Santos et al., 2020).They appear to be less

affected elsewhere, and they may be more equipped to withstand COVID-19 due to strategies

implemented following prior epidemics (Crooks et al., 2020).

Overall, to cope up with the problem brought by the first and second quarters of the

pandemic they needed to have work-related strategies, become obedience, disobedience and

have overtime in work. It was proven on the study of Santos et al., 2020 that indigenous

peoples are suffering more from the disease and because of that they ought to adapt to the

crisis to survive. These particular coping strategies showed how Badjao indigenous households

of Barangay Barra, Lucena City became resiliencies amidst the strikes of the pandemic on their

work and livelihoods. 67

3.3 Poor Working Conditions

Table 15. Results of the Responses of Participants on the Coping Mechanisms and Strategies
in Dealing with the Poor Working Conditions Brought by the CoViD-19 Pandemic

Themes Codes Statements of the Participants

 MARYHILL COLLEGE
Short-Term Collecting shells
P2. minsan sa hibasan
Solutions in Coping (Panghihibas) P3. maghihibas na lang para di mainip
Up with the Poor P7. naghihibas na lang
Working Conditions P8. o kaya maghihibas...
P9. paghihibas na lang
Compliance on P3. Saka pag ganun…susunod na lang kami sa
Quarantine gobyerno…
Rules P6. Syempre pag kailangan...pag sinabing…tayo ay
may protocol na sinusunod…na gaya ng batas ng
pandemya...sinusunod namin...pag sinabing ganito
ganoon sumunod ka nalang kasi ‘di ka naman
pwede kumontra
P7. Sunod na lang sa kanila…hindi na ako makapag
trabaho…hindi makalabas
P8. Kasi dati bawal mag laot kaya bahay na lang…
Note. Please see Appendix D on page 125 for the complete interview transcript.

Table 15 presents the results of the responses of Badjao household participants on the

coping mechanism and strategies they adopted in dealing with the poor working conditions on

their works and livelihoods during the first and second quarters of the CoViD-19 pandemic of

2020. The identified theme is the short-term solutions in coping up with the poor working

conditions as the particular codes are collecting shells (panghihibas) and compliance on the

quarantine rules which are definitely adapted by the community in a short and particular period

of time to lessen the problems in the conditions and status of their works.

Furthermore, it appears in the table that four among the participants said that their first

solution to solved their problems was collecting shells (panghihibas). This is some of their ways

in the midst of pandemic because the lack of food within their families and they need such

solutions to survive every day during the lockdown. The participants uttered, “Maghihibas na

lang para di mainip” and “O kaya maghihibas…”. Moreover, based on the statements given by

the participants, they follow the safety health protocols, thus their actions were limited. Due to

the strict lockdowns, they had no choice but to obey with the protocols by were stuck on their

work and every Badjao workers stayed at their home and being unemployed for the mean time.

The participants expressed, “Syempre pag kailangan...pag sinabing…tayo ay may protocol na

 MARYHILL COLLEGE
sinusunod…na gaya ng batas ng pandemya...sinusunod namin...pag sinabing ganito ganoon

sumunod ka nalang kasi ‘di ka naman pwede kumontra” and “Sunod na lang sa kanila…hindi

na ako makapag trabaho…hindi makalabas”.

According to International Labour Organization (2020), 10 million of indigenous women

and men all over the world who have been working in sectors particularly hard-hit by the

COVID-19 crisis, ranging from services, including in domestic work, hospitality and tourism, to

commerce, transport, manufacturing, construction and informal jobs. Agriculture and the food

processing industries, which rely significantly on labor from indigenous populations in many

countries, are also affected by COVID-19-related measures, such as travel restrictions within

and across nations.

Because income losses affect all employees, they are more harmful to indigenous

women and men, who are more prone to labor in the informal economy. Approximately, more

than 86 percent of indigenous people accross the world work in the informal economy,

compared to only 66 percent of non-indigenous people, where they suffer poor working

circumstances such as low pay and inadequate social security. Indigenous women are 26

percent more likely than non-indigenous women to work in the informal sector. While the

majority of indigenous peoples work on their own accounts, about a third of them rely on wage

labor to make ends meet. Even though over 70% of indigenous peoples live in rural areas,

many have relocated to cities in search of work and a better living (ILO, 2020).

Furthermore, despite the pandemic's various repercussions, particularly on the 69

economy, indigenous peoples are looking for their own solutions to the problem. They are

acting, using traditional knowledge and practices such as voluntary isolation, territory sealing,

and preventive measures, all in their own languages (United Nations, 2020).

Generally, for having long period of lockdowns within the Badjao community of Barra,

the households suffered from poor working conditions due to various health protocols and non-
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
pharmaceutical interventions that were implemented to alleviate the virus. This problem in their

working conditions urged the indigenous households to adopt with the short-term solutions such

as collecting seashells (panghihibasan) as alternative means to their stopped jobs and also

since they have no jobs, they had to do voluntary isolations as means of compliance to the

lockdown protocols. From these coping mechanisms, it is clear that resiliency among

households is their key concern in order to survive with the crisis and lead their families in a

safe and comfortable life as much as they can.

Part IV. The Suggested Documentary Video Film

A suggested documentary film was crafted and proposed, wherein the researchers featured

the real situation of the Badjao indigenous tribe amidst the CoViD-19 pandemic crisis by

capturing the community households lived experiences and economic impacts of the said

phenomenon. Furthermore, this output is to be integrated into the existing learning package for

Social Studies particularly in the teaching of Contemporary Issue, as the film featured the

existing CoViD-19 pandemic, hunger, unemployment, poor working conditions, poverty and

insecurities. This documentary video will serve as supplementary teaching and learning material

beneficial for both students and teachers to deepen their knowledge and understanding of the

pandemic. Moreover, this output would bring awareness and contribute to the insufficient data

and information of undetermined economic impacts of the pandemic on the Badjao, as well as

their lived experiences in the midst of it, as the as the video provides first-hand knowledge and

shed light on the current economic situation of the Badjao community during the crisis.
 MARYHILL COLLEGE

Chapter IV
DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations of the

study. The main purpose of the study was to explore the lived experiences of Badjao

households in Barangay Barra amid CoViD-19 pandemic crisis and its economic impact,
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
prompting for the crafting of a suggested documentary video film that would feature and

document the real situation of the Badjao community households in the face of the pandemic.

Discussions

1. On describing the lived experiences of the Badjao community households during

the first and second quarters of the CoViD-19 pandemic of 2020, in terms of;

1.1 Personal Perceptions

Based on the findings, the first and second quarters of COVID-19 pandemic of

2020 brought negative perceived changes on work and social life of the Badjao

indigenous households. It is because that some of the household participants

experienced loss of job (unemployment) and their economic status were affected. On

the other hand, few of the participants were greatly impacted by the pandemic

lockdown and experienced isolation that directly affect their way of life and restricted

their movements within the community. However, majority of the household

encountered burden in social and work life which hampered the income and work life

of the households for a long period of time

1.1 Personal Experiences

Based on the findings, the households stand that they experienced psychosocial

challenges and burden during the first and second quarter of Covid-19 pandemic.

The result shows that all the household participants affirmed that they perceived

quarantine and isolation, stress and anxiety, difficulty at work, hunger, and

discrimination. Majority of the household experienced the quarantine and isolation,

wherein their movements were limited, and they were all stayed at home for a long

period of time. However, results also showed that few of the household suffered from

stress and anxiety due to the community lockdown. It is clear on the results that two
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
of the households were captured with difficulty at work due to the government health

protocols and concern with working condition. On the other hand, due to the lack of

income and sufficient source of food some of the household participants experienced

hunger. While few suffered with discrimination.

1.2 Feelings Toward Experiences

The findings show that there are determined negative feelings toward the Covid-

19 pandemic experiences. It also shows that all the household participants

experienced emotional stress. Particularly, majority of the participants experienced

quarantine which led them to stay at home and cause them loneliness. Whereas,

some households had experienced and feel the fear towards their family and the

possibilities to be infected. In addition, few participants were identified that the

pandemic crisis brought stress due to the imposed lockdowns which hindered them

to do their customary activities.

2. On determining the economic impacts of COVID-19 on the lived experiences of

Badjao community households during the first and second quarters of CoViD-19

pandemic of 2020, in terms of the following economic development indicators:

2.1 Economic Impacts on Food Security

2.1.1 Status of Food Security

Based on the findings, the food system of the Badjao households

has greatly impacted by the pandemic due to the imposition of lockdown

measures. Thereby, the results show that all of the household participants

affirmed that they experienced food insecurity, which having lack of

consistent access to sufficient, nutritious and relevant foods, necessary for

their active and healthy life became their primary problem. In particular,

majority of the household participants’ faced food inaccessibility and food

 MARYHILL COLLEGE
insufficiency, as the mobility to gather foods and continue their customary

activities to have income were all restricted. While, few participants

expressed that the common food they eat during such periods is the

tapioca or “balinghoy” which served as alternative food to solve their upset

stomach and survive in their everyday hunger. On the other hand, few of

the household participants affirmed that the lockdown made food

inadequate within the community, wherein most of them settled to

unhealthy eating habits, severe undereating, and most of the time enduring

the time of hunger. However, in line with food insufficiency, few of them

consumed mostly unhealthy foods during the lockdown periods, as they

have no choice but to settle for foods that are higher in calories and lower in

nutritional value, such as canned goods and instant noodles which they

commonly received from the government and bought in the nearest stores.

2.1.2 Feelings and Attitude Towards Food Insecurity 73

The results identify that due to the food insecurity as one of the

economic impacts of CoViD-19 pandemic, all of the households faced

psychological stress. The two identified components of stress among the

households are feelings of ill and sadness as results of being under the

pressure and impacts of the pandemic. Particularly, majority of the

household participants expressed their ill feeling towards the food

insecurity they have during the first and second quarter of the pandemic. It

was because of their experiences of difficulties and anger issues due to

the inaccessibility, inadequacy, and inavailability of foods within the

community, as well as the impacts of lockdowns and quarantine measures

which restricted and controlled their lives for a long time. On the other
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
hand, the rest of the household participants felt the sadness during the first

and second quarter of the pandemic. It was because of their experiences

of hunger, insecurities and of the long period of staying at home as part of

the protocols of lockdown and quarantine measures which obviously

removed their cultural, economic and social life.

2.1.3 Perceptions of Badjao Households in Government’s Relief Operations

The results show that the participants’ have the positive

perceptions in relation to government’s relief operation amid the first and

second quarter of the pandemic of 2020. Furthermore, the food relief

emergency operations were seen as effective in sustaining the daily

needs of each household. Majority of them were satisfied as it was

proven somehow helpful and beneficial particularly for their children, as it

aided daily hunger experiences and food insecurities. Moreover, the

findings showed that the emergency aid food packs given to the

community were from the local government, volunteers, and profitable

and non-profitable organizations who worked together to provide the

households with foods, assistances, hygiene and the likes ensuring that

this sector would not be left behind.

74

2.2 Economic Impacts on Employment and Livelihood

2.2.1 Status of Employment and Livelihoods

The results reveal that there are retentions of usual and normal

jobs under the first and second quarter of the pandemic which served as
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
the determined status of employment and livelihoods among the

household members during such period. It shows that indigenous

households experience difficulty in having permanent job and earning

money during the CoVid-19 pandemic last 2020. In particular, few of the

household participants sell clothes as an alternative way to support their

needs, since they do not have the other options. Whereas, some of them

remained doing their traditional job of selling accessories in exchange of

unused gadgets. Moreover, other participants continue fishing and this

was also their way to gather foods for their tables.

2.2.2 Perceptions of on Work Experiences

The results identify that household participants have negative

perceptions on their work experiences amidst first and second quarter of

CoVid-19 pandemic. Majority of the participants perceived their work

experience negatively for having struggle at work, as a result of the

pandemic lockdown and control measures which they endure for a long

period of time for their family. Whereas, some participants perceived their

work experiences and inaccessible, as they experienced difficulty at work

and was restricted to go outside because of the pandemic strict rules.

2.2.3 Sufficiency Work and Livelihoods in Sustaining Family Needs 75

The results show that there was an inadequacy of work income

among households’ work and livelihoods during the first and second

quarter of the pandemic of 2020. All of the participants experienced lack

of support for their basic needs, since incomes from their work or

livelihoods are insufficient Moreover, the results identify that the factor

that made their livelihood and works insufficient is the imposed lockdown
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
measures which hampered their mobility to be productive and consistent

at work necessary for acquiring sufficient income for their family.

2.2.4 Impacts of CoViD-19 Pandemic on Work and/or Livelihoods o

The results identify that due to the CoViD-19 pandemic,

household participants experience poor working conditions in relation to

their work and livelihoods. In particular, all of them suffered from these

identified impacts on work brought by the pandemic such as work

instability, unemployment, job insecurity and laid-off. Few of them

experienced work instability as most of the jobs were sometimes

restricted and inconsistent at times. Meanwhile, most of the household

participants experienced unemployment and job insecurity due to the

imposed lockdowns that made families stayed at home and be

unemployed. Owing to CoVid-19 pandemic and strict rules and regulation

most of them dropped on unemployment. However. The results show that

some of the households encountered laid-off due to the pandemic, which

most of the household workers have been subjected to employee

reductions.

2.3 Economic Impacts on Working Conditions

2.3.1 Status and Conditions of Work and Livelihood 76

The results reveal that all of the household participants

experienced poor working conditions on their work and livelihood which

were brought by the pandemic. It shows that they were all suffered from

unemployment, less income and difficulty at work. Some group of

household participants experienced unemployment due to CoVid-19

pandemic that affects their working conditions during the first and second
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
quarter of the pandemic. Whereas, some have less income due to

pandemic that affect their social life and hampered their customary

activities. This particular case led them to experienced shortage on their

basic needs. However, few of them experienced difficulty at work as they

encountered unexpected struggles in work due to the strict CoVid-19

pandemic guidelines and some of them faced a hard time where to find

money to support their basic needs.

2.3.2 Determined Over-all Impacts on the Working Condition

The results identify that there is new normal work of set-up which

serves as negative impacts on the working conditions of the household

participants during the first and second quarters of CoViD-19 pandemic of

2020. All of the household participants were unexpectedly introduced to a

kind of new work set-up, experienced limited working hours, and dealt

with unsafe work. In particular, majority of the households were

introduced to a new work set-up which where they experienced unusual

set-up of work under the new normal. Most of them adjusted to their

workplace, experienced limited movements and social distancing, and

forced to wear personal protective equipment (PPE), such as face masks

and face shields as part of non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented

by the government. Furthermore, the results show that this kind of new

normal work set-up was far different from what they experienced before

the CoVId-19 pandemic emerged. Meanwhile, based on the findings,

some household participants experienced limited working hours on their

work, due to the strict CoVid-19 protocol in which they were not given

enough time for work as the national government ordered a curfew hour
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
that required them to remain indoors between specified hours. In such

case, the findings revealed that they had less income compare to their

normal life before the pandemic. Moreover, the findings also showed that

few of the households stand that their works and livelihood during such

periods became unsafe and it is due to their thought of possibility that

they might be get infected with the CoVID-19 disease.

3. On determining the common strategies and mechanisms of Badjao community

households in coping with the economic impacts of the first and second quarters

of COVID-19 pandemic of 2020.

3.1 Coping Mechanisms and Strategies of in Dealing with Food Insecurity

The result shows that the households experienced informal job and dealt with

food insecurities during the first and second quarter of the pandemic. In order to

survive on the pandemic, they need to find other ways or common strategies. Based

on the findings, the households’ coping mechanism and strategies during the first

and second quarters of COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, in terms of dealing with food

insecurity are: selling clothes, collecting shells (panghihibasan), fishing,

disobedience on quarantine rules and sideline jobs. Due to extreme hunger brought

by the pandemic it became hard for them to find sufficient and healthy food. Some of

them sell clothes to have extra income and somehow sustain their basic need, while

the other are collecting shells as part of their food intake during the pandemic.

Meanwhile, some of them disobey the rules to find job and earn money that they

need to fulfil their needs in terms of food. Thus, all of them heavily rely on informal

job to sustain their basic needs. It presents that majority of the household

experienced work problems and turn unemployed due to pandemic.

 MARYHILL COLLEGE

3.2 Coping Mechanisms and Strategies in Work-Related Problems

Based on the findings, household participants are suffering more from the

disease and because of that they ought to adapt to the pandemic to survive. They

need to find alternative work to cope up with the problem brought by the pandemic

and to sustain their basic needs. The results show that the households became

strategic in coping with work problems, where they had work-related strategies

(diskarte), overtime at work,and also became obedient and disobedient at the same

time. Some of them had work-related strategies (diskarte) to earn money during the

pandemic. Meanwhile, the others became obedient to stay on their house and follow

the protocols. Whereas, few of them became disobedient and experienced over time

in work to earn extra money. In order to cope up with the problem they had to be

resilient to survive on the pandemic.

3.3 The Coping Mechanisms and Strategies in Poor Working Conditions

Results identify that the household participants experienced poor working

conditions brought by the first and second quarter of the CoVid-19 pandemic. This

resulted to find alternative way or short-term solutions to cope up with the

pandemic. Some of the household collect shells (panghihibasan) as their way to

somehow meet their needs. It also became their other way to have food and

somehow sustain their hunger. While some of the participants follow the protocols

since their action is limited due to pandemic and they don’t have any other choice

but to obey the rules. They became powerless and impotent to complain or take an

action or another way to find work during the CoVid-19 pandemic. The findings

showed that the pandemic bring huge changes when it comes to the work and

livelihood life of the households.

 MARYHILL COLLEGE
4. On the output of the study, a suggested documentary video film entitled “Krisis”

A suggested documentary film was crafted and proposed, wherein the

researchers featured the real situation of the Badjao indigenous tribe amid the CoViD-

19 pandemic crisis by capturing the community households lived experiences and

economic impacts of the said phenomenon. Furthermore, this output is to be integrated

into the existing learning package for Social Studies particularly in the teaching of

Contemporary Issue, as the film featured the existing CoViD-19 pandemic, hunger,

unemployment, poor working conditions, poverty and insecurities. This documentary

video will serve as supplementary teaching and learning material beneficial for both

students and teachers to deepen their knowledge and understanding of the pandemic.

Moreover, this output would bring awareness and contribute to the insufficient data and

information of undetermined economic impacts of the pandemic on the Badjao, as well

as their lived experiences in the midst of it, as the as the video provides first-hand

knowledge and shed light on the current economic situation of the Badjao community

during the crisis. 80

Conclusions

Based on the aforementioned findings, the researchers provide these following

conclusions after determining and exploring the lived experiences of the Badjao households

during the first and second quarter of the CoViD-19 pandemic of 2020 as well as the economic

impacts of such phenomenon:

1. In terms of describing the lived experiences of Badjao indigenous households amidst

the CoViD-19 pandemic crisis. 1.1 In terms of personal perceptions, the indigenous

households personally perceive the pandemic negatively as there are changes on

work and social life due to the impacts of the pandemic. These particular negative

perceived changes were unemployment, isolation, and burden on social and work life
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
which were primarily encountered during the first and second quarter of the CoViD-19

pandemic. 1.2 In terms of households’ personal experiences, the researchers found

out that each household experienced psychosocial challenges and burden such as

quarantined and isolation, stress and anxiety, difficulty at work, hunger, and

discrimination during the first and second quarter of the pandemic. 1.3 Furthermore, in

terms of their feelings toward such experiences, the researchers determined some

negative feelings among the households such as extreme loneliness, fear and stress.

2. In terms of economic impacts of CoViD-19 pandemic on food security, employment

and livelihood, and working condition:

2.1 In Food Security

There is a rise of food insecurity among the Badjao households during the

first and second quarter of the pandemic. Most of the households’ food systems

were impacted due to the imposition of lockdown measures, as they experienced

food insecurity which most of them was disrupted by having lack of consistent

access to sufficient, nutritious and relevant foods, necessary for maintaining their

active and healthy life. These localized community lockdowns hampered the

families to gather foods outside and sustain foods in their tables. It resulted to

unhealthy eating habits, severe undereating, and most of the time enduring the

time of hunger. Moreover, even there are food assistances, it is barely enough to

sustain their daily food needs. These factors prompted households to seek out

alternate, readily available, and affordable foods that were larger in calories but

poorer in nutritious content, such as canned goods, tapioca (balinghoy) and

instant noodles. Furthermore, the researchers determined that two psychological

stress were felt by the households such as ill feelings and sadness during the

first and second quarter of the pandemic. Moreover, the Badjao households
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
perceived the government relief operations as somehow helpful and beneficial,

particularly for their children, as it aided daily hunger experiences and food

insecurities. Thereby, they were slightly satisfied with such reliefs.

2.2 In Employment and Livelihoods

There are retentions of usual and normal jobs under the first and second

quarter of the pandemic such as selling clothes, selling accessories in exchange

of unused gadgets (dayo), and continuation of their customary activity like

fishing. Furthermore, households have negative perceptions on their work

experiences during the first and second quarter of the pandemic, as they

experienced struggled at work and inaccessibility of work and livelihoods due to

the lockdown restrictions. Moreover, there are work and livelihood insufficiency

among households, as incomes were insufficient to sustain family needs and

lockdown measures hampered their mobility to be productive and consisted at

work. In terms of the over-all impacts of the pandemic on households' work and 82

livelihood, the researchers concluded that pandemic brought huge impact on the

work and livelihood, as these households experienced poor working conditions,

particularly work instability, unemployment, job insecurity and laid off during the

first and second quarter of the pandemic.

2.3 In Working Conditions

There are determined experiences of poor working conditions among the

indigenous households, as they were all suffered from unemployment, less

income, and difficulty at work amid the first and second quarter of the CoViD-19

pandemic. These particular conditions appeared, as lockdown measures were

implemented within the Badjao community. On the other hand, the CoViD-19
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
pandemic brought negative and unprecedented impacts on working conditions,

as households were introduced to and experienced new-normal work of set-up,

experienced limited working hours due to curfew, and dealt with unsafe work.

The households were adjusted to their workplace, experienced limited

movements and social distancing, and forced to wear personal protective

equipment (PPE), such as face masks and face shields as part of non-

pharmaceutical interventions implemented by the government.

3. In terms of identifying the common coping strategies of Badjao indigenous households

amidst the CoViD-19 pandemic crisis in dealing with the determine economic impacts,

the researchers found out that: 3.1 In coping with the problem of food insecurity, all the

Badjao community households worked with informal jobs such as selling clothes to

earn extra money, collect sea shells (paghihibasan) as alternative source of food,

continue fishing, and find some sideline jobs as extra income, however, some of them

dealt with disobeying quarantine and lockdown rules just provide foods for their

families. 3.2 Meanwhile, in coping with the indigenous households’ work-related

problems, they adopted work-related strategies (extra/sideline jobs), took overtime

work and sometimes no other choice but to adapt and obey with the lockdown

protocols by staying at home and at the same time disobeying the rules just to sustain

families’ basic needs by finding alternative paying jobs. 3.3 Moreover, in order to cope

up with the poor working conditions brought by the covid-19 pandemic, the indigenous

households dealt with collecting seashells (panghihibas) and compliance on

quarantine rules. Overall, these coping strategies and mechanisms were their short-

term solutions to cope up with the negative impacts of the CoViD-19 pandemic on their

economic activities and somehow sustain their basic needs.

 MARYHILL COLLEGE
4. A suggested documentary film entitled “Krisis” was crafted and proposed by the

researchers which served as supplementary teaching and learning material beneficial

to both students and teachers to deepen their knowledge and understanding of the

pandemic, most specially, bring awareness on the real situation of the Badjao

indigenous tribe amid the CoViD-19 pandemic crisis by capturing the community

households lived experiences and economic impacts of the said phenomenon.

84

Recommendations

Following the finding and conclusions presented by the researchers, the following

recommendations are proposed:

For the Local Government of Lucena City

1. Increase efforts to provide indigenous communities within Lucena with the necessary

elements to stop further transmission of COVID-19, including masks, soap, an adequate

water supply and safe drinking water, as well as appropriately equipped and culturally

appropriate healthcare facilities and services, including access to information in

indigenous languages as much as possible.

 MARYHILL COLLEGE
2. Assist indigenous communities in the management of health services, and ensure that

preventive measures are communicated and implemented in a way that is respectful to

indigenous cultures.

3. Establish or strengthen the various institutions in charge of indigenous issues and

ensure that government strategies are respectful of indigenous peoples’ rights and

responsive to indigenous peoples’ realities and current needs.

For Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)

1. Provide employment and support for traditional livelihoods of indigenous communities

which necessary to sustain their basic needs and cope up with the economic impacts of

the pandemic

2. Ensure that indigenous peoples' labor rights are respected, including during crisis

response and recovery efforts.

3. Maintain and develop indigenous entrepreneurship, as well as strengthen indigenous peoples'

livelihoods and local economies, to maintain community sustainability and self-sufficiency. 85

For Lucena City Social Welfare and Development (CSWD)

1. Undertake more inclusive, community-based risk and needs assessments of the impact

of the COVID-19 crisis on indigenous peoples and include indigenous peoples as an

integral component of mitigation strategies.

2. Utilize this study as reference and basis on future plans and implementations of

programs and services in response to the indigenous basic needs amid crisis.

For Lucena City Health Office

1. Conduct regular health assessment for the physical and psychological well-being of the

Badjao members
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
2. Provide mental health support and services through regular counselling and check-up for

the Badjao members

For Barangay Barra Lucena City

1. Coordinate and collaborate with the City Welfare and Development (CSWD) and

Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) in terms of implementing necessary

opportunities for the improvement of the Badjao community socially and economically.

2. Conduct a regular assessments and house-to-house survey within Badjao community to

determine the basic needs and problems of the households amid the crisis and

coordinate such findings in the CSWD and other offices.

For Badjao Families of Barangay Barra

1. Appreciate the goods and services given to them by the government organizations and

volunteers by using it effectively to uplift life status

2. Coordinate with the Local Government Units in mitigating the increasing cases of CoViD-
86
19 by following the safety health protocols whenever doing customary activities

3. Learn to speak for themselves by raising concerns, issues and problems concerning the

CoViD-19 to the Barangay Office and City Social Welfare Development

4. Be familiar with their rights in various aspects of lives and learn to use it against

discrimination, exclusion and other inhumane acts.

For the Maryhill College and Social Studies Teachers

1. Utilize the suggested documentary film as supplementary learning material for students

to deepen their understanding the various impacts of CoViD-19 pandemic crisis which

contextualized in the most marginalized sector.

 MARYHILL COLLEGE
2. Integrate the output in the existing learning package for Social Studies particularly in the

teaching of Contemporary Issue, as the film featured the existing CoViD-19 pandemic,

hunger, unemployment, poverty and discrimination

For Lucenahin Students

1. Be fully aware on the current issue of CoViD-19 as well as its negative impacts in the

most marginalized sector like Badjao indigenous community, in order to propel respect

towards indigenous people.

2. Utilize the output to deepen the understanding and knowledge about the existing CoVid-

19 crisis

For the Future Researchers

1. Utilize this research as a baseline for future researches on the similar themes of this

study

2. Conduct a quantitative study on the similar themes of this research.

87

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APPENDICES
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Appendix A
Research Output

A DOCUMENTARY VIDEO FILM

“Krisis: Dokumentaryo sa mga Katutubong Badjao”
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This documentary video film output entitled “Krisis: Dokumentaryo sa mga Katutubong

Badjao” was documented and narrated by Lemuel J. Mejillano. The documentary used the title

“Krisis” as it pertains to a particular time when a difficult or important decision must be made.

Badjao suffered from various crisis not only of the pandemic but also of the financial, food,
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employment and livelihood crisis which requires them to decide, solve and deal with it much

harder. Additionally, this short documentary talks about the real situation of Badjao community

of Barangay Barra in Lucena City living for years with the CoViD-19 pandemic crisis and its

economic impacts, particularly in food, work and livelihoods and working conditions. This video

is 37 minutes long that tells relevant information of the CoViD-19 in the context of indigenous

people and it shares the unknown stories of one ethnic minority group (Badjao) amidst the virus

crisis.

Furthermore, the flow of the documentary began with the past, going to present, and

ended with the hope for the future. The first part reveals the overview of the pandemic (why,

when and how it started) and then shows the brief flashback to Filipinos’ lives before the

pandemic when these people are free to do their social, political and economical activities.

However, due to the unprecedented outbreak of CoViD-19 and the first record case of the virus

in the Philippines which urged the government to declare localized community lockdowns, the

flow of life of these people has changed. It highlighted in the video that the most affected people

in this outbreak are those who belongs to marginalized sector like indigenous people,

particularly Badjoa tribe. The reason for this documentary to capture and reflect on the Badjao

indigenous families’ experiences with CoVid-19 during the first and second quarters of 2020 in

Barangay Barra, Lucena City.

Moreover, the middle part shows the present experiences of the families, food

insecurities they faced, unemployment and work-related problems they encountered, and the

poor working conditions they endured for a long period of time due to the pandemic, specifically

of the safety health protocols that were imposed. These particular issues were divided and

validated by the shared experiences and perceptions of each household interviewee such as

the Tribe Leader Tatay Bawi, 48 years old (for lived experiences), Nanay Jasmine, 26 years

old(for food security), Nico, 21 years old (for employment) and Tatay Florencio, 50 years old (for
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working conditions). However, these captured issues shown in the documentary which were

shared by each household were also validated and proved through valid documents, personal

insights and stands of the following organizations and offices such as Barangay Barra Office

(represented by Brgy. Captain Amelia Sobrevinas), Lucena City Social Welfare Development

(represented by Mrs. Nora Palacio), and Lucena City PNP (represented by PMAJ Reden

Romasanta). At the end of the video, it shows the Badjao people faces while waving their

hands, as a sign for hoping for freedom, hoping for no fear, hoping for well-being, which all

signifies of hoping for the future with no pandemic.

In general, the documentary explores the Badjao indigenous households’ personal

perspectives, experiences and feelings about the pandemic on issues including financial crisis,

customary activities changes, isolation, job loss, and the health and well-being of themselves

and their families. In the documentary they freely express their fears and insecurities, they also

share what they have come to appreciate and what they miss the most—their livelihoods, their

social life, and human connection.

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Appendix B
Letters and Certifications

PERMITS TO CONDUCT THE STUDY

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VALIDATORS’ LETTERS AND CERTIFICATIONS

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THESIS PROPOSAL APPROVAL SHEET

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PARTICIPANTS INFORMATION AND INFORMED CONSENT FORM

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Appendix C
Research Instrument

Demographic Profile
1. Kasarian
o Lalaki
o Babae
2. Edad: ______
o 18-25 years old (from Generation Z)
o 26-41 years old (from Millenials)
o 42-57 years old (from Generation X)
o 58-67 years old (from Boomers II)
3. Natapos na antas ng pag-aaral?
o Primarya
o Sekondarya
o Okasyonal
o Kolehiyo
o Walang pormal na edukasyon
4. Posisyon sa pamilya?
o Nanay
o Tatay
o Anak
o Iba pa:
5. Kabuuang bilang o laki ng miyembro ng pamilya?
o 2-4 na miyembro (Small)
o 5-10 na miyembro (Medium)
o >10 na miyembro (Large)
6. Katayuan sa trabaho
o Employed
o Self-employed
o Unemployed
7. Buwanang kita ng pamilya? _______
o Mababa sa 10,957 (Poor)
o P10,957 hanggang P21,914 (Low income but not poor)
o P21,914 hanggang P43,828 (Lower Middle Class)
o P43,828 hanggang P76,669 (Middle Class)
o P76,669 hanggang P131,484 (Upper Middle)
o P131,484 hanggang P219,140 (Upper but not rich)
o P219,140 pataas (Rich)
Bracket: (Institute for Development Studies, 2020)
Lived Experiences
1. Ano ang masasabi mo o pananaw mo sa pandemya?
2. Sabihin mo nga saakin ang mga karanasan mo noong nagkaroon ng unang community
quarantine lockdown dala ng pandemya?
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3. Ano ang nararamdaman o sa mga pagbabago na naganap dulot ng pandemya? May
mga epekto ba ito sa pamumuhay mo?
113

Food Security
1. Maaari mo bang ibahagi kung ano ang naging epekto ng lockdown dulot ng pandemya
sa inyong sehuridad sa pagkain?
2. Kung nakaranas ng walang seguridad sa pagkain. Ano ang iyong opinyon o
nararamdaman sa ganitong sitwasyon?
3. Sapat at epektibo ba ang nakakuha ng iyong pamilya na anumang suporta (cash,
pagkain, non-essentials atbp.) mula sa sinuman noong panahon ng lockdown?
(Government's pandemic interventions)
4. Ano ang mga pamamaraan, diskarte o solusyon ang ginagawa ng iyong pamilya para
matugunan ang negatibong dulot ng pandemya sa seguridad sa pagkain? Halimbawa:
mga alternatibong trabaho o pagkakakitaan) (Coping Strategies)
Employment
1. Maaari ka bang magbigay ng impormasyon tungkol sa trabaho o hanapbuhay ng iyong
pamilya sa panahon ng unang community quarantine lockdown na dulot ng pandemya?
(Employment Status)
2. Ano ang iyong saloobin at paglalarawan tungkol sa hanapbuhay o trabaho na mayroon
ka o ang iyong pamilya?
3. Naging sapat ba ang pagkakaroon ng mga trabahong ito sa panahon ng unang
lockdown sa pagtustos ng mga pangangailangan ng buong pamilya?
4. Ano-ano naman ang mga tiyak na epekto ng unang lockdown na dulot ng pandemya sa
hanpbuhay at kita mo/nila? Negatibo ba ito o positibo?
5. Kung may mga negatibong dulot, sa paanong paraan mo ito sinolusyonan o tinugunan?
(Hal: alternatibong pagkakakitaan, overtime, pagtrabahuhin ang ibang miyembro ng
pamilya) (Coping Strategies)
Working Conditons:
1. Maaari ka bang magbahagi ng impormasyon tungkol sa kalagayan ng trabaho o
hanapbuhay mo sa gitna ng unang lockdown na dulot ng pandemya?
2. Ilahad mo nga ang naging epekto ng quarantine lockdown sa kalagayan o kondisyon
hanapbuhay o trabaho na mayroon ang iyong pamilya?
3. Kung may negatibong epekto nito, ano ang mga solusyon o pamamaraan ang ginagawa
para matugunan ang negatibong epekto o dulot ng lockdown na ito?

---- END OF INTERVIEW ----

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114

Appendix D
Interview Transcript
LIVED EXPERIENCES
Q1: Ano ang masasabi mo o pananaw mo sa pandemya?
P1: Ah yan… naku sama ng epekto nan madami pinapatay nan...Kung dito naman
samin eh parang wala lng... pero pag sa labas kami... sa trabaho naku…laki din epekto
nan... Dahil diyan andito lang kami muna sa bahay gawa ng bawal lumabas…bawal
trabaho ganun
P2: Ano, malaking pagbabago tulad ng ano… sa hanap buhay, sa trabaho, sa pag-
aaral. Malaki ho ang pinagkaiba, apektado sa lahat ng oras. ‘Yung dating gawi ng tulad
ng… after school pwede ho kayong gumala. Eh nun, hindi ho nasa bahay lang at tsaka
malayo ho ako nun kay lola eh, nasa Tacloban ho ako nun kaya, nalulungkot din ho ako
nun nung mula nagstart ang lockdown hindi ko sila nakasama.
P3: Ganun din samin mahirap (laugh) oo, mahirap...Yung mga bata di makalabas,
makalaro…
P4: Ahmm... masasabi ko lang po sa pandemya (laugh) wala pa pong maisip (laugh)
ahmm.. mahirap po talaga minsan di na po kami nakakain ng tatlong beses sa isang
araw… tapos kapag nag kasakit po kami natatakot rin po kami kasi baka sabihin nila
may virus kami.
P5: Mahirap, di makapaghanap buhay ang asawa ko.
P6: Ang pananaw ko sa pandemic kase mula noong mag pandemic talagang kumbaga
hirap ang gaya naming mga tao …. kase hirap mag trabaho di makapag hanap buhay di
makalabas dahil noong panahon na kuwan tawag dito…walang turok.. dahil noong mga
panahon na walang.. vaccine…ngayon meron na navaccinenan na… gumaan
na..nakakagala na …di gaya noon di ka agad-agad makakapag trabaho... dahil mahigpit
at mahirap dahil sa protocol.
P7: Nahirapan, di makakain, di maglakad nahihirapan pa.
P8: Matakot lang…
P9: Mahirap po... gawa nung... kaya nasabing mahirap... hindi naman sa hanap buhay.
P10: Nako… mahirap Ma’am, nahihirapan po kami, oo maapektuhan po yung mga
panghanapbuhay naming halos hindi kami maka- pag punta sa… iba’t-ibang lugar na
mag… ah hanap buhay hindi po ditto lang kaya mahi-mahirapan po kami sa… Saka
yung ahh… sa facemask kailangan lagi mayroon nun
P11: Mahirap… sobrang hirap… sobrang nakakatakot kasi hindi mo nakikita yung
kalaban mo bigla na lang dumarating
P12: Mahirap… takot… natakot ako… namay mahuhuli man.
Q2: Sabihin mo nga sa akin ang mga karanasan mo noong nagkaroon ng unang
lockdown dala ng pandemya?
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P1: ‘Yung magka… lockdown nasa bahay lang kami…mahirap po talaga… nasa bahay
lng kami nakakainip at nakakagutom wala makain minsan... Minsan paglalabas kami sa
tribo takot din samin mga tao…nandidiri siguro (laughing). Pag po wala ayuda kami ay 115
nalaot o kaya punta sa piyer…natakas kami (laughing)
P2: Karanasan ko ho nun nung… kasi nung… lockdown ho 2 years bawal lumabas, edi
hindi ho ako nakalabas nun kaya limitado ho talaga ako nun…Wala di ho ako makapg
extra nasa bahay lang kasi, bawal ho talagang lumabas sinusunod lang ho namin yung
patakaran ng… DOH.
P3: Nasa bahay lang kami kapag bawal lumabas eh...Kasi kung malabas kami laging
may facemask, nandine lang kami sa bahay kung halimbawa bibili kami ng mga (inhale)
mga pagkain ng mga anak naming malabas kami mag pe-facemask kami. Mahirap
talaga noon.... ganun din asawa ko magtitinda, naka facemask sya, naka faceshield.
Kung bawal lumabas nasa bahay.
P4: Mahirap noon lockdown…saka nakakalungkot at kase wala makain at limitado
galaw namin lalo na kami mga badjao…minsan wala makain…minsan wala trabaho…
pipila kami lagi sa ayuda para may kain pamilya at anak ko...Nakaistress po kasi wala ka
pong magawa sa bahay pagtulog mo iniisip mo na wala kang pagkain (laugh) pang
araw-araw na gastos...wala magagawa kundi suway na lng sa gobyerno para mahanap
pagkain.
P5: Natatakot baka layuan kami ng tao at nakakaistress… katulad kapag may nilagnat…
ano di madala sa ospital baka mamatay sa bahay… yun po kinakatakutan namin… saka
wala halos trabaho kami… limitado ang galaw… minsan pag nakalabas nandidiri samin
tao kala ay may sakit…
P6: Oo, yung unang... kuwann... mahina mahigpit na… di ka makalabas... gawa ng
bawal eh... kumabaga kontrolado lahat... hindi pwedeng pumunta kung saan-saan...
basta-basta kami bawal nahihirapan tribo namin… kasi… ano… wala kita… gutom
pamilya… stress kami…(laughing). Gagawin namin pag mahigpit tatakas kami punta
kami sa laot o kaya sa hibasan...
P7: Di kami… makalabas gawa lockdown... di kami.. makalabas pero bawal… nag-
utang na lng kami pangkain...kasi...wala kita...bawal limos...bawal punta bayan. Nag-
utang kami sa mga kasamahan niyong tagalog... ah... nag-utang kami ng mga bigas...
naawa rin sa amin minsan-minsan kumuha kami ng mga balatan... nang… hingi kami ng
mga balinghoy… balatan ang inuulam pag walang balinghoy...
P8: Yung karanasan namin... pag walang mabigasan… mag uwi nalang... sa bahay…
trabaho..trabaho… magutom wala makain... paglakas hangin sa dagat… bahay nalang
miski magutom... magtiis nalang…wala trabaho…wala makain… wala kita. Takot kami
noon…takot magutom
P9: Takot kami lumabas din…saka…gutom kami... gutom mag bebenta ng damit para…
makakain nga kung ano-ano. Hindi mo kayang gawin lahat ng gusto mo, nakabase sa
sinasabi… ng ma… kumbaga gobyerno… gawa ng mga… protocol. Bahay lang talaga
kami…bawal labas…bawal trabaho sa bayan...saka pagdayo bawal din. Minsan
gagawin namin tatakas na lng para maghanap makakain.
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P10: Ay… minsan kasi Ma’am yung kinakabahan at stress lagi Ma’am, katulad ko ako,
magulang ako kinakabahan ako kasi yung mga bata naiiba ang kanilang ano… halos
magaway-away sa loob ng bahay, mag away-away sila kasi… ang gusto nila bumaba 116
para lakad di naman pwede di makababa parang… maapektuhan ang pagiisip nila. Dati
okay naman sila, nakalabas at nakalaro sila dyan. Pagdating sa pagkain Ma’am... gutom
inaabot namin.
P11: Ahh… ang naranasan po namin ay gutom kasi bawal lumabas sabi gobyerno…
saka wala trabaho at kita kasi sa bigay ng Baranggay di po kami nabigyan.
P12: Noon bawal labas…sa laot lang…pag wala laot punta piyer tatakas para manghingi
ng pagkain… isda…doon piyer. Suway kami sa lockdown kasi wala makain eh…
magugutom pamilya namin
Q3: Ano ang nararamdaman mo sa mga pagbabago na naganap dulot ng pandemya
partikular ng lockdown?
P1: Maahirap... Malungkot...wala na dito na lang kami sa bahay
P2: Lungkot saka natatakot magutom... (laugh)
P3: Pag di makabas nakakalungkot…sa bahay na lang kami nakaupo paikot-ikot dyaan
(point at her house) kasi di nakakalabas
P4: Malungkot po…saka naiistress (laughing) kase lahat po ng tao po ay lalong
naghihirap
P5: Malungkot... lalo na di makalabas
P6: Sobra maistress... natatakot... kasee kung sa pamilya sa pamilya nalang mag
kameron..(laugh) edi lahat kami ay nakaquarantine.. (laugh)..
P7: Takot syempre…saka minsan stress din ‘di kami makalabas na… dito lang sa bahay
P8: Minsan..sakit ulo, minsan takot…naiinip... hindi naman makapalaot…
P9: Nakakabalisa…saka lungkot. Pwedeng igala ang mga bata…pero nung lockdown
bawal na... hindi kami makaalis sa bahay na. Yung asawa ko di makapagtrabaho.
P10: Katulad yung hindi nanaman kagawian na… lahat suotin mo facemask, faceshield
naroon na nga tayo yung… proteksyon pero halos di sila makapag ahh… di maayos
yung kalagayan kanilang kalagayan kahit ahh… saan man pumunta dala-dala parin yun
kaya sobra ang pagod at stress ng pandemya nan.
P11: Sa una pong pandemic nalulungkot kami… kumabaga nasasaktan kami… kasi
kumbaga naapektuhan yung hanapbuhay ng asawa namin. Lalo na sa pagkain, kasi
yung mga anak naming nakaranas ng… gutom, eh ngayon naman medyo nakakaluwag-
luwag.
P12: Nung naagbukas lockdown masaya… noon lockdown mahirap at nakakainip
nakakalungkot… kasi wala kami trabaho
FOOD SECURITY
Q1: Maaari mo bang ibahagi kung ano ang naging epekto ng lockdown dulot ng
pandemya sa inyong seguridad sa pagkain?
P1: Wala kulang pa din sa araw-araw, pagkain namin, mang- kung may ibinigay mga…
sa ibang mga… ano, mataas mga… bigas mga… gobyerno ay… pandagdag yun sa
kain. ‘Yung mga bigas at sa mga bahay… sa pamilya. Yung… sa pagkain ‘yung… noon
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wala kami sa oras sa kain. Mas sa ano… oo, konti lang makain..minsan isa..dalawang
beses. Pag wala ayuda ay..ano...punta kami hibasan..o kuya kuha ng balinghoy.
P2: Sa pagkain lang namin pa- normal lang din ho, mga balinghoy, bigas gulay, isda 117
pero di ho kami kumakain ng mga halos na karne kasi mahal…puro sardinas..noodles…
hindi naman masustansya yun nakakain namin (laughing). Pag wala naman…ay yung…
balinghoy talaga
P3: Meron naman kahit isang kilong bigas..kaso di sapat samin isang kilo dami kami dto
bahay…basta noon magawang paraan basta makakain…minsan kulang talaga…hindi
nakakain ng tama sa oras. Pag wala…kape na lng saka kanin titiisin…pag wala nganga
P4: Hindi po sapat mga kinakain po namin nong lockdown..gawa ng di po kami nakakain
ng mga masusustansya kasi nga po wala pong hanap buhay walang pong pera..ay saan
po kami kukuha ng pera pambili ng masustansyang pagkain .. kung ano man po
binibigay ng katulad niyo po saamin malaking tulong na po yun saamin...kakain kami
dalawang beses na lang.
P5: Yong mga pagkain? Mga isda, tinapay, kape yun lang nararanasan namin…hindi
nakakabusog...pag wala balinghoy na lang kainin (laughing)
P6: Walang makain minsan. kasee..di kami..gaya namin..ahmm.. bawal kami sa
labasan.. di kami makalabas kase bawal.. kami makapangunguha ng kuwan sa dagat..
kasi..bawal.. bawal lumabas..ganon.. talaga..tapos sa pagkain naman.. syempre medyo
kontrol talaga.. ahmm… sa bigas pinagtatama-tama lang..halimbawa sa.. 2 kilo.. 1 kilo
sa umaga.. (laugh) 1 kilo sa hapon.. wala ng almusal.. (laugh) dedelihensiya nalang
kung may kunting pera… bibili nalang ng kape..
P7: Wala seguridad…hindi sapat eh kulang din ayuda….pag wala kami pangkain
pumunta kami sa… sa laot manguha balatan…minsan balinghoy kainin pag wala
P8: Pag meron..nagsusuply kapwa ninyo ayuda..bigas..tubig..gulay-gulay..ganon lang.
pagwala ayuda… wala pangkain…nganga…di naman kami makakuha pagkain sa labas
kasi bawal
P9: Nung… sobrang lockdown hindi sapat pagkain namin… kasi hirap sa trabaho wala
pambili…gutom kami buong pamilya. Masama naging epekto po…kanya kanya pong
diskarte. Nung laockdown, di napo kami nakakakain ng masusutansya… dalawang
beses na lang nakakakin…saka di kami makalabas kaya di makahanap pagkain
P10: Walang sapat na pagkain…wala mapagkunan gawa ng mahigpit…pagkakasyahin
bigay ng gobyerno namin…
P11: Kapag may kita yung asawa ko sapat yung pagkain naming, pero pag konti yung
hanap buhay nya tulad naglockdown hindi sapat kasi… katulad kahapon nag utang ako
dalawang daan. Lahat na po bibilihin kapag may pera kasi po kapag wala na… nga nga
na (laugh)
P12: Minsan po pagmay nagbibigay ng tulong, kung wala pong nagbigay pautay-utay
lang din po kami makakakain di kumpleto kain buong araw…hahanap na lang kami ng
sa dagat ng hibas…pero po…minsan kasi ay bawal lumabas...wala...di
makakapagdagat...ahm asawa ko nakuha rin balinghoy pang tawid gutom din
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
Q2: Kung nakaranasa ng walang seguridad sa pagkain. Ano ang iyong opinyon o
nararamdaman sa ganitong sitwasyon?
P1: Ahh, ano… wala din po mahirap din ang… talagang…kung may walang pambigay 118
ay maka- ano kami sa mga pera uutang…
P2: Eh syempre di maiiwasan ang sama ng loob sa ganyan eh mahirap po talaga
(laugh) kasi hindi ho nagiging Malaya eh. Dati (noong may lockdown) saamin ho ditto
mahirap po noon bumili ng ano bigas eh, nitong lockdown, mahirap po. Pero noong una
ho, hindi naman po, ang kinahirapan lang po naming yung… pano kumita ng pera. Mas
lalo po kaming nahirapan nong naghigpit, kasi pumunta na lang kami sa tabing dagat
para lang may makakain. Naano po ng mga shell, isda kahit bawal po nun.
P3: Napakahirap..maiiyak na lng...Kain lang kami hapon pati umaga, minsan gabi kami
kumakain minsan wala ngayon. Nung wala lpandemya dati minsan tat-tatlo beses kami
kumakain..
P4: Kaya po maam nakakalungkot talaga ang sitwasyon...noong wala pa pong lockdown
nakakain po kami ng 3 beses sa isang araw.. nakakain po kami masusustansyang
pagkain.. kasi po pag nagdadayo po mga asawa namin may syempree po..pag may dala
po silang sirang cellphone.. binebenta po nila.. pag naipon po yon.. mga dalwang libo
isang libo ganon.. so nakakabili naman po kami masasarap na pagkain pero noong
nagkapandemya po wala na…
P5: Hirap po ang nararamdaman..ah...pero hmmm...salamat sa diyos sa kahit gaano
ang pandemic ay binigyan niya parin kami ng ano..pagkain. Maganda pa nong walang
pandemya eh..marami kaming nakakain kase nakakaluwas pa kami ng Manila pero
nitong may pandemya na di na ako makaluwas..nong pandemic minsan di na kami
nakakain minsan 1 beses minsan sa umaga kape sa tanghali hindi na.
P6: Syempre mahirap…nakakasama ng loob (laughh).. hirap din talaga eh..parang..
kumbaga’y…di gaya noong natural tayo..walang ganyang pandemic..makapang…
nakakapanghanap-buhay. Saka syempre kase dahil tayo ay control.. di tayo pwede
lumabas..nag aantay tayo ng ibibigay ng gobyerno..na ayudaa..edi kagaya noon
maluwang kase nakalabas tayo nakakapang hanap buhay..
P7: Mahirap toy...mahirap lang si lola minsan,.. minsan..lang..may pagkain paghapon
makain ..pag umaga hindi naa. Iba ..kase mahirap ngayon di gaya dati..gala gala kami
saan..saan ngayon hindi na malungkot na..
P8: Malulungkot..din walang lama tiyan… wala lakas. Di naman malakas katawan kung
wala laman. Kung may laman pwede man makasipag. Pag kakain…mga dalwang
beses..lang sa umaga… mga… tapos alasais na... ngayon isang beses na lang
P9: MAhirap sitwasyon sa pagkain...Pag… sa… pagkain kayang kitain ang gusto mong
kainin pero sa pandemya nga mahigpit. Hindi mo kayang bilhin kasi di masyadong
malakas makapag hanapbuhay kaya kontrolado ka sa pagkain kontrolado din sa gastos,
talagang mahirap… nung kaluwagan hindi kasi laya kakahit saan mo gusto
maghanapbuhay, noongwalang pandemya tatlong beses nakakakain sa araw-araw.
Nung mahigpit… minsan naglulugaw na lang, kawawa ang mga bata
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
P10: Ang masasabi ko po na… walang choice kumbaga sa ano Ma’am hindi… kami
makipag ano ahh.. hindi naming maisip kung saan kami kumuha ng pagkain. Kaya
ganun- yun po ang parang… isda kami pa ano…nalulungkot din hindi makapag isip
maayos hindi makapag… katulad ko eh dito sa bahay halos hindi kami… nawala po 119
yung aming bawat ahh… kultura sa bahay na… bawat isa saamin na may trabaho kami,
hindi na po yun maaano hindi magagawa na. Halos- halos kami naiwanan na yung
trabaho nay un halos kumilos lahat para lang makapag kain- makakain ng maayos.
Saka noon maluwag pa... mga apat na beses po kami kumakain nung walang
pandemya. Ngayon, mga dalawang beses po kami kumain maghapon na po yun
P11: Malungkot kasi… minsan wala kita asaw namin kasi naman dati yung nga
nakakapaghanapbuhay silang na… marangal yung nakakapagpunta sila ng iba’t-ibang
lugar, mas malaking kita. Kasi ngayon panag iniilangan sila ng tao kasi… ay si kuya
hindi yan taga dito baka may dalang virus yan...kaya...kulang ang kita di sapat..gutom
ang abot
P12: Ano pong… sobrang nahihirapan po kami. Lao na sa pagkain… sa tubig…Nung
wala pandemya kahit papaano makakakain kami ng dalawang beses sa isang araw.
Ngayon minsan sa isang beses na lang sa isang araw
Q3: Sapat at epektibo ba ang nakakuha ng iyong pamilya na anumang suporta (cash,
pagkain, non-essentials atbp.) mula sa sinuman noong panahon ng lockdown?
(Government's pandemic interventions)
P1: Oo mam..meron man…pera… mga ano… sa isa ay groceries bigay nila, face mask
mga alcohol. Sa mga DSWD, ‘yung mga… si Mayor. Dagdag sa pangkain din malaking
tulong man
P2: Sa cash ho ditto samin wala..mga pagkain lang mga bigas, delata noodles minsan
biscuit o kape tsaka mga bigas ho. Minsan nagbibigay din ho sila ng… manok at isda.
Mga… ano po mga… itong kaano ho ng Baranggay, yung iba po kapit bahay, DSWD…
Pag may ganyan maam...nakaktulong din ho malaking tulong eh kasi… nung wala hong
trabaho meron ho kaming nagbibigay suporta
P3: Opo (laugh) di ko alam kung sino… DSWD, Kapitan… minsan pagkain, minsan
ayuda. Mga ano… grocery, delata, mga tinapay… bigas. Maging sapat din naman po,
kahit pa-paano para may pangkain kinabukasan
P4: Hindi po ako nakakuha ng ayuda ng pera, atska yung mga P-FAR po yung ganyan
po wala po..yung nanay ko po ay 4ps.. Mga pagkain po meron po nagbibigay dito
saamin.. mga DSWD po sa mga 4ps sa ganon po. Yun po pag may binibigay po kayo na
mga relief goods, minsan masarap din po mga pagkain namin minsan po hindi..(start
crying). Malaking tulong po bigay nyo...kagaya nyo...samin
P5: Opo.. nakakuha.. nong ano ayuda yung 6500 yun tulad ako.. SAP ..nanay ko 4ps..
hindi ko alam ano tawag saamin . Mga barangay..4ps, DSWD…yan abot samin ng
pera, pagkain grocery... nakatulong naman ngayong pandemic (laugh) dahil nakakain
kame
P6: Oo…gaya ng mga pagkain,gaya ng bigas.Nagbibigay ay... yung mga
anoo..halimbawa ay mayor..ibibigay sa amin.. ahm…mga dswd…Pag ganyan...nakakain
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
sila (mga bata)..bigay ng mga government at ng mga dswd.. mga taong nag
vovolunteer..
P7: Oo…bigyan kami ng mga DSWD, Baranggay… bigas…lucky me…sardinas… 120
nakatulong…naman daw sa pagkain..digay..may.ilalagay sa tiyan…(laughing)
P8: Isang beses lang… asawa ko…ayuda… pera lang. Pinanmbili ng bigas… tubig…
nakatulong man kahit paano… kasi… may pangkain
P9: Meron naman po…yung… SAP po… pera, yun lang po relief goods minsan po.
Pandagdag pangkain, pang negosyo ganun po…nakatulong naman po para may
pangtustos
P10: Meron- meron po…mga… ahh kadalasan relief goods, pagkain, meron po
facemask, cash. Yung DSWD kadalasang magbigay lang, BFAR. May pangkain kami...
dahil po sa tulong ng mga DSWD ng mga pangkain tapos ahh may konting cash
P11: Nung unang lockdown po hindi kami nakakuha ng relief good… kasi nakasakop
ako sa nanay ko… nagpunta po ako sa barangay…pero…dati nakatanggap kami ng
relief good, tsaka po NCIP, DSWD, BFAR. Maganda kasi… nakakabusog ng tiyan
(laugh) malaking halaga yun. kasi yung anak namin pagnagugutom naawa kami
P12: Ahmm… nakakakuha naman po kami… nakaktanggap ng tulong kahit saan…
pagkain… bigas… pera. Nakatulong din po samin…kahit papaano makakaahon din po
sa kahirapan sa tulong nun
Q4: Ano ang mga pamamaraan, diskarte o solusyon ang ginawa ng iyong pamilya para
matugunan ang negatibong dulot ng pandemya sa seguridad sa pagkain? (Halimbawa:
mga alternatibong trabaho o pagkakakitaan)
P1: ‘Yung mga kung di ako magtatrabaho minsan magtitinda ako damit. Nagtitinda ako
mga singsing, hikaw, naglalako. Ah nung lockdown…ah punta kami dyan
dagat..maghibas kami.
P2: Ay! Lumalabag po kami sa… ano… sa patakaran ng Baranggay para lang
makahanap. Kasi kung magtitiis ho kami di-dinaman namin maasahan ang gobyerno eh,
kailangan na din naming kumilos. Minsan mapunta sa dagat magihibas na lang
P3: Yung asawa ko maghanap-buhay, para makakain kami.Maghibasan sya sa dagat
para makakain. Ako na… maghahanap maka benta ng damit (laugh) pinapalit ng asawa
ko maglalako kami dyan sa bahay-bahay
P4: Sa asawa ko po ay kahit ano po sideline po yung mga… pang..pangingisda po kahit
saan po tapos po ano kapag.. pagdecember po nanghihingi po kami kahit po diyan sa
bayan. Pero nung pandemic…asawa ko tatakas yan (laughing)…hahanap ng pangkain
namin.
P5: Si nanay…(laugh) si nanay talaga ang ano.. minsan nakikiusap nalang sa piyer...sa
captain mamalimos dun kapag di siya pinapalabas..magtinda sa labas ng damit doon..
oo magtinda ng damit namin.. diyan kami nag titinda sa labas sa mga Tagalog.binebenta
nanamin mga limang piso,sampong piso para makabili ng kape at tinapay
P6: Kung… kung halimbawa mayroong uutos saakin .. di naman talaga ako electrician..
kumbaga may background lang.. sap ag kukuryente..pag may mag-uutos
saakin..bibigyan ako ng.. sa halagang isang daan.. o 150 kapag nakadelihensya ako..
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
nadudugsungan ko kakulangan .. pag kawala..Yun lang.. kapag.. nakaka..ano sa
construction..kase ako.. hindi na ako.. nasama sap ag iisda eh.. 121
P7: Magbinta ng mga damit..minsan anak ko..kami... magpunta pier..
P8: Pag mabigay..yung ganito barangay..yung dating may lockdown..bigas
lang..kakkmo..pagkami masaing 1-2 takal baso yung sardinas ulam naming…pag
mabibigay..
P9: Ako lang po nadiskate, nagbebenta ako ng damit. Kasi… nalockdown po asawa ko
walang trabaho sa Bataan
P10: Nag labor po ako
P11: Kung di sya makatinda ibang lugar… ang diskarte po ng asawa ko pumunta sya sa
pier dun na sya matulog…magextra. Pagmadami na pong bumibili na sya ng isada
naglalabor po sya sa bumibili ng isda tsaka nagiilado. Oo kaya dun sa pier nakakakuha
sya ng kita
P12: Minsan po magtitinda kami ng mga damit… kung ano po pwede naming matinda,
nanghihibasan sa dagat. Pag kaya naman ay maglalaot sa dagat
EMPLOYMENT
Q1: Maaari ka bang magbigay ng impormasyon tungkol sa trabaho o hanap buhay ng
iyong pamilya sa panahon ng unang lockdown na dulot ng pandemya?
P1: ‘Yung ano… yung nagtatrabaho kami sa seawall… construction
P2: Sa ano ho, nung… nagkalockdown ng start nung sa page extra ko ho bago mag
lockdown malakas ho. Nitong nag-start ulit ang lockdown medyo nahirapan na kasi yung
iba kailangan ng swabtest, yung mga requirements, eh.. nahirapan ho magkano rin po
ang swabtest. Wala nga po pangkain, swabtest pa kaya.
P3: Kasi nagdayo, na- halimbawa kung nagdadayo sila dalawang lingo, isang lingo
umuwi sila dito. Magtitinda din, yung mga hikaw puma-palit mga sirang cellphone.
P4: Ang trabaho po ng asawa ko ay nagtitinda po siya ng mga perlas.. yung mga hikaw..
ayun po tapos..kapg wala po siya sa ano..namimingwit
P5: Mahirap minsan..ang trabaho niya kase nagdayo siya sa Bicol, dalwang lingo.. mga
hikaw pinapalit sa sirang cellphone tapos kapag may napalit siya saka niya ulit ibebenta
at ipapadala sa amin
P6: Nong may pandemya… nito langg.. volunteer lang (laugh) nag sasaway ng mga
kasamahang bata dito ..tapos kapag nag bigay ang barangay kahit dalwang kilo ng
bigas … yun nalang..natatanggap.
P7: Nag iialang nauwi..walang mabenta.. meron wala..mer..wala.. meron mabentaa mga
limang daan. Pag ganon…magtinda kami damit
P8: Minsan nagtitinda ng damit...pag nahuhuli..isang daan… dalawang daan, pag wala
wala… kahit mahirap… magtiis nalang sa totoo...pag-alon hihiga na nalang kami
Bangka..nagsuka
P9: Nung pong kasagsagan nung lockdown hindi po maayos, pero nung lumuwag luwag
na po okay na kasi open nap o yung mga beach
P10: Mahirap po yun, mahirap halos… ahh… kumabaga sa dati 100 percent magiging
40 percent na lang ahh nakukuha ko yung kinikita ko dun sa… konti na lang. Kaya hindi
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
nga sapat yung kinikita ko na… pagkain naming minsan, dati sa loob ng isang araw 122
apat na beses nung nagkapandemya mga dalawang beses na lang kami kumain.
P11: Hindi naman po mahirap kung hinihigpitan sila, pero kapag hinihigpitan sila
nahihirapan sya.
P12: Yung trabaho nya lang po sir… nagingisda lang po sya… pag marami po nabigay
kay tatay marami sya makuha isda…
Q2: Ano ang iyong saloobin at paglalarawan tungkol sa hanapbuhay o trabaho na
mayroon ka o ang iyong asawa?
P1: ‘Yung trabaho? Para sa… hindi naman mahirap, ayos din, maganda rin… hindi
naman mayadong mabigatan. Pag titinda maglalakad, pagpunta sa bahay-bahay. Kaya
naman, sanay na.
P2: Ano… ano lang ho parang grounded lang po kami parang sa loob lang pero, control
ho yung trabaho namin binibigyan lang kami ng ilang oras eh, di naman po sapat yun
kasi yung… kinikita naming maliit din sa oras. Mahirap po, pero kailangan magtiis eh,
para lang ma… makaraos. Dahil sa lockdown kasi...nalimitahan yung...pasok namin
minsan walang trabaho dahil baka mahawahan.
P3: Mahirap kasi minsan wala kita, minsan may kita tapos kung wala… tapos pagumuwi
dito. Dyan kami lumalabas manghingi sa Nanay kokahit ano… kung ano kinakain nila.
Si- sinabi ko Nay wala kami bigas, wala kami lultuin tapos, bibigyan din kami. Pero
noong naglockdown walang trabaho syempre sa loob lng bahay...ganon
P4: Mahirap po kasi minsan hindi po sila makabenta hindi naman po araw araw sa
paglalakad nila meron..minsan wala.. minsan hindi po sila kumakain maghapon kapag
po sila ay dumadayo..ganon din po nong nagkaroon ng lockdown kaya nga po gusto ko
sana magkaroon ng trbaho gaya namin mga kababaihan para makatulong kami sa
asawa namin..sa pamilya po naming kahit paghuhugas lang ng pinggan yung pagluluto..
okay lang po yon sa amin pero wala e (laugh)
P5: Na.. marami ang pasasalamat ko sakniya na siya ay malakas ano bai big
sabhin..ahmm masipag na kahit pandemic ano parin sila saamin di siya nahihirapan na
mag hanap buhay para saamin…Minsan kasi wala trabaho eh gawa ng mahigpit…bawal
lumabas daw
P6: (background noise) Syempre.. mag kaiba ngayon at saka nong maluwag pa.. kase
diba.. sympre kumbaga’y malaking kaibahan noong may pandemya atska noong wala.
(noise) Ngayon kasi kontrolado ang aming trabaho…minsan may kita…minsan wala/
P7: Ang gawain ko kasi mangisda..pagnakahingi..binebenta…pambili bigas o masaya,
pag wala pangkain… malungkot na.. nga-nga. Magtulog na… pagwala kakainin.
Syempre mahigpit noon..kaya wala hanapbuhay sa bahay lang…wala…ano ah... kita
P8: Kahit mahirap ang sitwasyon noon… magtiis na lang, paano wala ganyan,
pangkain… di makadayo kasi bawal lumbas…wala mapagkitaan
P9: Hindi nya po nagagawa kasi sarado beach, mahirap po, mahirap po kasi trabaho
nya po sa pier wal apo sya tulog kasi iniisip wala trabaho at kakainin
P10: Ang masasabi ko lang po ay… talagang mahirap po yun Ma’am, mahirap…gawa
ng lockdown kulang sa kita..nasa bahay lang…hindi makalaot…hindi makapagtinda
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
P11: Yun nga… sana araw-araw may kita (laugh). Mahirap pero…. Kailangan kayanin, 123
kasi may mga anak na umaasa satin… pamilya tayo. Ako nanay, asaw ko tatay… kasi
kailangan may makakain anak namin. Dahil sa pandemya na yan…nawawalan trabaho
at kita
P12: Hindi nman po… kasi kung hindi po yun magawa ni tatay san poi la makakuha ng
makakain nila… halimbawa ito ni nene wala gatas… gutom ang dating (laugh)
Q3: Naging sapat ba ang pagkakaroon ng mga trabahong ito sa panahon ng unang
lockdown sa pagtustos ng mga pangangailangan ng buong pamilya?
P1: Oo, pang… halimbawa ‘yung mga.. kita ko ipagkapan naming lahat para
gagastusin.
P2: Opo, eh kung tulad nitong… trabaho kong toh nagging sapat naman, nitong
mahigpit ay hindi ho sapat6...hirap na ho kami nun eh, pero tiis na lang ho
P3: Hindi po, kasi yung asawa ko maglabas lumalayas, maghanap…
P4: Hindi po.. kasee hind ipo yon sapat kasi nga po minsan wala..walang benta ..minsan
mang aano nalang kami tubig mainit iinom ng kape.. ganon lang biscuit lang kasi gusto
man namin magkaroon ng masarap na pagkain ay wala naman kaming pera. Hindi
kagaya dati...kasi po dati pong walang pandemya kung ano ano po mga nilalako nila
yung mga cellphone wala pong mga nag aano na pulis.. wala pong nagchecheckpoint
pero ngayon na may pandemya na po parang mahirap narin po gumala mga asawa
naming kasi po pag nagtitinda po sila minsan mga cellphone sinisita po
nila..pinagbabawal po ba yung sa kalye lang ganon po nag bebenta po sila ng mga
cellphone..minsan po kinukuha minsan po hinuhulli pa sila tapos po pinaglilinis po sila
ng kalsada.
P5: Oo, sapat naman saamin pero nong lockdown di na siya nakapag hanap buhay ate
ko nalang at nanay ko nalang ang nagpapakain sa-amin kaya noong lockdown dahil di
siya nakapg hanap buhay
P6: Piangkakasya-kasya nalang … kase bilang volunteer.bilang mamamayan ka ng
barangay.. at para makatulong ka sa barangay..tinatanggap naman ng pamilya ko kung
ano lang madala ko..at yun nalang amin pinagtutu..tinitipid nalang..
P7: Hindi sakto sa pamilya ang kita… wala trabaho halos eh kaya pag wala… tiis gutom
tulog na lang
P8: Yung...na nga...pagsasapat laang.. mga dalawang daan… one fifty… yun… pag
wala nga-nga (laugh) pagwala mahuli isda..hindi sapat
P9: Hindi samin sapat maam…kulang kasi noon ay isang beses lang ako makatinda pag
nakatakas sa mga tanod
P10: Hindi, hindi po sapat kasi wala customer…mahigipit ang sitwasyon
P11: Yun nga po maging sapat po sya pag may kita kaming dalawa… pero pag lugi si
asawa wala…. Hindi sapat.. Kasi yung kita ko konti lang kasi di makalabas…di
makapasok...sa trabaho
P12: Minsan sapat din po… minsan hindi… kasi minsan matumal… kakaunti ang isda
di… wala na kami benta dun… minsan naman pag marami may pang benta si tatay…
isang daan ganun
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
Q4: Ano-ano naman ang mga tiyak na epekto ng unang lockdown na dulot ng pandemya 124
sa hanap-buhay at kita mo/nila? Negatibo ba ito o positibo?
P1: Negatibo kasi….bago kami matigil na sa trabaho, kung may pupunta na dun saamin
sa pagtatrabahu-n namin. Pag may punta dun, sabi bawal pa trabaho, edi uwi kami sa
bahay, walang trabaho wala kita.
P2: Negatibo kasi yung… ano ho eh pagbabawas din kaagad ng mga tauhan sa
trabaho. Kasi kung… ang ano ho rin namin noon, nasa singkwenta kami noon almost
sam-sampo na lang natira kasi tanggal din ho ako nun eh.
P3: Mahirap, kasi bawal lumabas
P4: (laugh).. ang epekto po ng pagkakaroon po… ng lockdown sa pagtitinda po ng
asawa ko kasi po talaga noong lockdown mahirap po talaga ang buhay hinid po
makalabas mga asawa naming nasa bahay lang po so yon po talaga wala po talaga..at
yun nga po pag may nagbibiggay lang po talaga saamin yun lang po makakain na po
kami masusustansyang pagkain
P5: Opo negatibo..nung lock down po hindi po siya nakapag hanap buhay kase
inuutusan ko siya minsan luambas para makatulong sa pamilya naming. Tapos minsan
nag tatrabaho siya don sa pier..
P6: Mas konti ang kita kasi… nawalan ng trabaho…kaya…mahirap…negatibo talaga
P7: Hindi maganda epekto kasi ngayon..nagkuha..nagisda na lang...nagbaba
kita...nahirapan mag trabaho
P8: Mahirap... yun na nga.. mga hindi pinag-bawalan.. bawal.. bahay nalang..pag-wala
nagsabi…bawal mag laot..
P9: Mahirap kasi… di sya makapaghanapbuhay dayo
P10: Yung ano ahh… unang quarantine kasi dun na po kami hindi masyadong
nakakakilos kasi hindi nap o nakakalabas kasi ano… limited lang bawat ahh… sa loob
ng bahay kung ilang pamilya ka iisa lang ang magkakaroon ng ano… kaya ahh… dun ka
mahihirapan. Konti na lang kita, konti na lang.
P11: Hindi, kasi sa pier lang sya… kasi ako di makalaba sa kapitbahay… kasi sabi nga
ng kapit bahay wala silang pambayad sa labandera…mahirap ang epekto.
P12: negatibo para sakin…minsan pag dating ng oras ng curfew minsan hindi rin pwede
dumaan… makaraos magaantay na lang po kung ano magdala ng biyaya galing sa taas
Q5: Kung may mga negatibong dulot, sa paanong paraan mo ito sinolusyunan o
tinugunan? (Hal: alternatibong pagkakakitaan, overtime, pagtrabahuhin ang ibang
miyembro ng pamilya)
P1: Wala magawa, sa bahay lang dito sa loob lang
P2: Ehh, gumagawa na lang ng paraan kahit sabihin nila na bawal pa akong
magtrabaho, naghahanap ng alternatibo.
P3: Na maghanap, pag- di makalakad asawa ko… sumama ako mamalimos sa bayan,
kahit san-san dyan natakas kami
P4: Minsan po nanghihingi po siya pag hindi po.. hindi po diba po nag vevendor po siya
sa bahay bahay kapag po walang kita, nanghihingi po siya gaya po ng pamamalimos
gaya po ng mga bigass.. mga delata ganon po..minsan po pera
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
P5: Sa pier ang hanap buhay niya nong lockdown.. siya na nagawa ng paraan kapag 125
wala kami pagkain samin.. Pagpier at vendor lang kase di sya makapg limos kasi
nahihiya siya..kahit nong araw ng pasko di siya nanglimos (laugh) di niya ako pinag
trabaho noon.
P6: Ahm.. oo naman syempre.. kung may extrang kontruksyon .. may overtime..
syempre kailangan mag overtime..para matustusan pangangailangan ng pamilya..(sniff)
P7: Wala na..yun lang..tiis na lang...yung anak ko isa.. walay nabenta… di na kami
makakain
P8: Minsan..maglaba nalang ako..maglaba..mag saing. Sa laot… sa totoo neng…
pagwala… wala
P9: Nagtitinda ako ng mga damit, tapos sa pier pumupunta asawa ko
P10: Minsan pag medyo… marami ang… kumbaga sa ano marami parating yung
mga… ahh items madami po akong magovertime para kumita
P11: Wala na sunod na lang sa gobyerno… overtime na lang sya sa pier mga five or six
alis na sya ditto ng hapon tapos balik sya ditto ng five o six ng madaling araw… minsan
na lang sya matulog
P12: Ahh… minsan tumatakas na si tatay pag hating gabi na walang tao para… kahit
papaano makakakain daw anak nya mga apo, kaysa mamatay pa kami noon sa gutom
(laugh)
WORK EXPERIENCES
Q1: Maaari ka bang magbahagi ng impormasyon tungkol sa kalagayan ng trabaho o
hanap buhay mo sa gitna ng unang lockdown na dulot ng pandemya?
P1: ‘Di pa ‘yung quarantine kasi… maayos din, yung… may talagang naghigpitan na…
nakapunta muna kami sa trabaho namin oh… mga… sabi ni foreman, sabihin walang
ano… bawal trabaho uwi muna, walang pasok, mahirap nasa bahay lang. Opo…
onsite..ako nagtrabaho sa construction
P2: Wala ho… ano lang din po tulad din nung unang-una na…limitado rin ho. Unang-
una sa kilos, sa paghinga kasi laging naka-facemask kahit mabigat ho yung dala.
P3: Hi-hindi sya makauwi, mag tinda pagwala benta, tinda ulit. Pag wala minsan kasi
alas kwatro, ala singko maguwi na sya
P4: (Laugh) kasee po noong nag kapandemya po..dalwang buwan po nakalipas nong
galling po ako sa ospitall..pagkalabas ko po. Edi bagong panganak po akosa solo po
naming anak..tapos pagkalipas po ng dalwang buwan ng kalock down po tapos..po kase
nagkaroon po sya ng sakit na TB .. yun po di po talaga siya nakakapag hanap buhay..
kasi nga po diba po yung sakit nya po ay TB noong first time na (crying) may sakit siya
di nya po sinabi saamin ..tapos yung parang nilihim niya po ba yung sakit niya tapos
nong nalaman ko nong isang araw hindi na po siya makatulog ..(crying) hindi
makakain..pero nagging naman na po siya ngayon tapos na po yung gamutan niya.. ang
bait nga po ng Diyos hindi po siya kinuha saamin (laugh)
P5: Mahirap kasi… mahirap makatrabaho... konti lang benta
P6: Ahmm.. Syempre…hmm parang extra lang .. mahirap kase kapag walang kotrata..
walang trabaho sa bahay ka lang.
 MARYHILL COLLEGE 126

P7: Maiksing trabaho.. mahirap toy!.. di natin… alam san makuha pera... makapga
trabaho.. dina mabenta..paninda wala..nabenta, paninda..wala nabenta panindaa.. di na
din makapag..hanap buhay
P8: Mahirap…kasi… wala talaga eh pero pipilitin, kahit… mahirapan kami... ayos lan
walang kita kung di tayo lakas loob…
P9: Mahigpit nun… wala syang trabho, na lockdown sya dun
P10: Dun po sa unang ahh… quarantine ang masasbi kop o yung… aming
panghanapbuhay ay hindi po sapat sya mahirap-mahirapan po kami dun saaming
hanapbuhay.
P11: Hindi, ligtas… kasi naistack sa bahay yung paninda nya
P12: Kasi ang pagkalaam kop o sir... yun lang po trabaho ni tatay magisda… kasipo pag
medyo maalon alon di makatrabaho si tatay
Q2: Ilahad mo nga ang naging epekto ng quarantine lockdown sa kalagayan o kondisyon
hanapbuhay o trabaho na mayroon ang iyong pamilya?
P1: Ayos din kami, wala ring kami… ano… ayos kami, masaya , kahit maghigpit ditto
lang kami. Pero sa trabaho..nung maghigpit ano…watak-watak na kami, naka facemask
kami tapos kung yung… malapit na may trabaho kami sabi ng amo naming dapat naka
facemask kami taspo may faceshield saka watak-watak kami sa trabaho...tapos minsan
pinapauwi kami maaga kaya minsan mababa sahod. Uwi agad kasi may curfew.
P2: Nung… mahigpit po nahirapan ho ako makakuha ng trabao, gawa ng sae dad ko.
Sobrang hirap po kasi kahit gusto kong… magtrabaho di ho ako maka- di ako
tatanggapin. Saka noon ho, ano parang… nanibago ho kami gawa ng… nung limitado
ho kailangan naming magsama-sama sa… kasamahan ko sa trabaho di naman ho
mahigpit pinagiingat naman ho kami… ang ano na lang ho naming, syempre maguusap
po kayo malayo yung isa parang… di naman okya yata yun. Sa manager, di naman po,
di naman ho sila mahigpit gawa ng... pinapangingat na po kami nun eh… kaya binibigya
nap o kami minsan ng time pero, wag lang magdikit gawa ng… baka magsara din yung
kumpanya nila. Saka mahirap talaga, di tulad nung pagtatrabaho na… after magtrabaho
papahinga ti-tipon-tipon kayo, eh ‘tong nag lockdown ho hindi ho, bawal yun eh kaya…
sumusunod lang ho kami. Kahit sa trabaho minsan nakakboring rin kasi walang kausap.
P3: Kahit may lockdown noon tumatakas nya nagbabahay-bahay sya, napunta sya… sa
ano… sa Mauban, Lucban, Candelaria. Sa kasama nya minsan maayos, minsan hindi.
a… maawa din ako sa asawa ko kasi magtinda, mag hanap buhay. Tapos sabi ko wag
ka na mag tinda kasi… wala ka man ka benta sa bahay ka na lang at maghanap ng
paraan. Kasi… minsan gamit ko ibebenta ko na lang para makakain kami. Saka
nahihirapan siya sa trabaho...nakaface mask at faceshied...nahihirapann sya makahinga
ba...tapos may curfew pa pinapauwi agad.
P4: Sa opinyo ko po sa trabaho niya, hmmm..(laugh) mahirap rin po kasi po hindi po nila
alam na yung kahihinatnan nila minsanyung pinapasok po nila di po natin alam may
masamang tao ba o wala o maaksidente ba sila o hindi..Hindi ko pa po nakita yung
pinag tatrabahuhan nila.bastang parang sa maynila lang po..parang city po ganon
po..opo..babahay-bahay lang sila.Maayos naman po kanilang kasamahan parang ganito
 MARYHILL COLLEGE 127

rin.. kase po may pamilya rin po siya doon..hindi naman po sila nag kakaway away ng
kasamahan niya.. pero nitong lockdown po mahirap po talaga lalo na may curfew...kaya
di makatagal sa trabaho...kaunti ang kita tuloy. Tapos minsan bawal magdikit at
kaiolangan magmask talaga..
P5: Mahirap... kasi… umakyat sya sa bhuda… (refers to bukid) (laugh) halimbawa…
ganito nagsisigaw sya sira cellphone pinapalit yun ang tawag nya para lumabas yung
mga contumer. Mahirap, kasi paghalimbawa wala sya benta luma-lumakad na lang sya
na hindi kumakain (laugh) mahirap...hindi minsa sigurado yung kaligtasan
niya..tapos...kailangan umuwi agad ng maaga..pag ganun liit lng kita
P6: Mahigpit..hindi naman..kung… parang.. sila’y may respeto rin..gina..galang rin
naming sa trabaho..uutos sila.. sinusunod naming kasi sila yung nakakataas.. ay.. Sa
nadayo okay naman okay lang naman sila..kapag halimbawa nakabili..nakapalit sila..ng
mga cellphong sira..edi maligaya.. (laugh) kapag wala.. nganga (laugh).. hindi naman
edi delikadp.. may delikado rin.. kase malay mo..mayroon silang napalitan na ngayon
medyo mainit ang ulo..nung asawa di nag kasundo..edi syempre mapapaginitan sila
ganun talaga..kumabaga talagang nakasasalay din ang mga bagay sa paghahanap
buhay...Saka pati gaya ngayon..kapag may patawag .. papasok.. kapag wala tigil!
(laugh).. on call lang.
P7: Mahirap… pero masipag man sya. Noong may lockdown…kasi…hindi ligtas
pagtatrabaho niya…dahil sa…virus..saka yung galaw nila ay limitado lalo…na ano…may
mask sila suot tapos bawal pa magtabi-tabi…saka…ano ahmm…dati ay may cirfew
kaya dali dali sya paguwi dto (laughing)
P8: Mahirap… kasi pag bawal mag laot, wala kita, wala pangkain. Maski… mahirap
kung di tayo mag trabaho wala pangkain
P9: Lahat naman po ng hanapbuhay mahirap, wala naman pong madali pero syempre
kailangan mo magtyaga. Sa kalagayan po ng trabaho ko…masyadong buwis buhay
kasi…may virus kalaban mo yun…sala doble ang oras paghanap buhay
P10: Kung tutuusin mahirap po… kulang po hindi… hindi po sapat yun mahirap parin…
lalo na sa kondisyon ng hanapbuhay kasi…limitado ang galaw tapos kailangan may
taklob ang muka para di makahawa.
P11: Pag wala syang kita… mahihirapan kami… lalo nung may lockdown…ang trabaho
niya ay ano…nakakapagod dahil ngalalakad…saka minsan gabi na nakakauwi . Mahirap
talaga… ngayon…kasi… lagi naghahanap requirements…ano ba tawag dun quarantine
pass oo.. Saka mas mahirap po… kasi humihigpit po yung lockdown bumababa po yung
kita nya… kaya napektuhan din po kami. Sa kaligtsan nya… sa awa ng Dyos walang
virus (laugh). Nakakaranas pong diskriminasyon… kasi po…. Ay si kuya baka may
dalang virus, ganun po yung sinasabi ng ibang tao
P12: Kasi si tatay… ang magingisda yun raw pinakatrabaho nya… kaya hanggang
gayon trabaho nya di parin nagbabago. Pero… di parin po maausad sa kahirapan…
mahirap parin (laugh). Sa paglaot niya buhay ang sakripisyo medyo deliakdo….saka
kontrolado ng gobyerno dahil kasi lockdown saka kailangan makauwi agad
kasi...huhulihin...may curfew
 MARYHILL COLLEGE 128

Q3: Kung may negatibong epekto nito, ano ang mga solusyon o pamamaraan ang ginawa
para matugunan ang negatibonng epekto o dulot ng lockdown na ito?
P1: Kung pahinga kami minsan yung facemask naming dito naming nilalagay (point his
chin). Minsan pag mga tanghali, syempre tago kami tanggal. Ahh… wala ako trabaho
P2: Ayy! gumagawa lang ho ng paraan… pero sa ibang ano na ho yung trabaho na ho
yun hindi na ho sa dati. Kasi parang… nung dati yung pinagtatrabahuhan ko syempre di
na ko tatanggapin dun-dun gawa ng… bagong rules na ho nila. Sa iba ho ako nag-aaply
sa mga kakilala ko ma-extra-extra na lang ho....minsan ho bahay na lang muna...minsan
sa hibsan
P3: Wala, ganun din magtinda lang ulit, pag wala umuwi. Kung dayo linggo-han. Saka
pag ganun…susunod na lang kami sa gobyerno…maghihibas na lang para di mainip…
minsan lalaot
P4: Umuuwi naman po siya dito saamin.. kaso nga lang po ay buwanan po minsan
isang araw..minsa isang lingo kasi po nong wala po talagang pandemya hindi po talaga
sya gaano nakakapag pahinga .. pero nong nagkapandemya na po nakakaphinga na po
kahitpapaano kasi po bawal lumabas
P5: Na… nagiisip sya magisa katulad nung lockdown… bilas nya nagpakain samin kasi
nga ate ko kahit konti may kaya sya… pero ate ko sya nahiya sya… kasi wala sya
magawa na wala pangkain. Kaya ginawa nya sa bahay nung… yung lahat ng ginawa sa
bahay sya ang tumulong dahil wala sya kita pangkain na, panupota sarili na lang nya
kaya nya.
P6: Syempre pag kailangan..pag sinabing.. tayo ay may protocol na sinusunod.. na gaya
ng batas ng pandemya.. sinusunod naming..pag sinabing ganito ganoon sumunod ka
nalang kasi di ka naman pwede kumontra..pag kumontra ka wala kang trabaho (laugh)
P7: Sunod na lang sa kanila…hindi na ako makapag trabaho.. hindi makalabas…kaya
minsan para di mainip…naghihibas na lang
P8: Kasi dati bawal mag laot kaya bahay na lang…maiinip..minsan punta ng pyer
tatakas…o kaya maghihibas
P9: Nage-extra-extra po pagtinda damit saka paghihibas na lang
P10: Sa totoo lang po Ma’am nung panahon ng pandemic kadalsan kasi ginagamit
naming an gaming mga ano ahh… kultura naming sa bahay ahh halimbawa pag araw
ng biyernes unang una ako magano ahhh… hanap buhaymananalangin po yun. Pag
minsan po matrabaho, maalis dito lingoohan tas mauwi pag wala benta wala kita...
P11: Sinasabi nya sa mga taong mapanakit na huwag mapanghusga sa mga tao kasi…
hindi natin alam kung ano ang meron sa isang tao… kaya alamin muna natin bago
husgahan.
P12: Yung… hindi naman po ano… minsa si tatay… hindi na medyo ano sya… minsan
tatambay na lang tulad ngayon sira nap o ang kanyang Bangka. Minsan sa bahay na
ang po si nanay na lang po katuwang ni tatay.
 MARYHILL COLLEGE 129

Appendix E
Gantt Chart

2021 2022
SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY
1. Seeking approval of
proposed title.
2. Submission of Chapter
1 for endorsement to
assigned Thesis Adviser.
3. Working on Chapers I-
II.
4. Submission of Chapters
I-II for Proposal Defense

5. Resvision of Chapters I-
II.
6. Validation of research
instrument from our
informed expert.
7. Seeking approval to the
members of the Oral
Examination Committee to
our research objectives
and instrument.

8. Securing of permits to
conduct the study.
9. Administration of
research instrument.
10. Data retrieval,
tabulation, analysis and
interpretation.
11. Working on Chapter III
and IV.
12. Crafting of research
output.
13. Finalization of
completed manuscript.
14. Submission of final
copy of the manuscript to
the Office of Research for
Final Defense.
15. Final Oral Defense.
 MARYHILL COLLEGE 130

Appendix F
Photo Documentation

The photo shows the validation of the research instrument as well as giving
comments and suggestions from the validators.
 MARYHILL COLLEGE

Distribution of letters to the Lucena City Mayor’s Office, CSWD, PNP and Baranggay Barra
Captain, Mrs. Amelia Sobreviñas for the permission to conduct the study in
Badjao Community of Baranggay Barra, Lucena City.
 MARYHILL COLLEGE 132

Distribution of the letter to the leader of Badjao community in Baranggay Barra

and asking for the permission to interview the selected twelve participants
of the study.

133
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
The researchers reviewing their tasks and also make a preparation for the
face to face interview with the Badjao household participants.
“Together We Can Do Great Things”

Preparation for the food packs which will be distributed to the twelve (12) participants
as a gift for their participations in the interview.
“Sharing is caring”
MARYHILL COLLEGE
 137

MARYHILL COLLEGE 136

These are the captured photos during the face-to-face interview with twelve (12)
Badjao head of household participants. The said interview was recorded
through audio and video recording.

The researchers asked for the approval of interpretation of codes and themes
for Chapter III with informed expert.

138
 MARYHILL COLLEGE
The pictures above shows the face-to-face interview with the selected Badjao
household participants which will be included in the documentary video research output. The
interview was recorded through video and audio recorder.

The researchers conduct a final interview to the

CSWD, PNP, Baranggay Barra Captain,
and Purok 3B Leader. The said interview was
recorded through video
and audio which will be included in the
documentary video. The interviewees

were asked questions to validate the real conditions of Badjao

community on the pandemic.
139
 140

MARYHILL COLLEGE

The first day

of shooting/creating of
documentary output, it
shows that the research conducting
house to house interview,
recording for narration and taking
video within the community
of Badjao people in Barra.
 MARYHILL COLLEGE 141

The second day of making documentary film, it shows that the researchers coordinating with the
CSWD and gathering information about the programs and services offered in the Badjao
community which will be included in the documentary video output.
 MARYHILL COLLEGE

143

The third day of filming of documentary video output, the researchers

Interviewed some
additional participants
for the
documentary and
experienced the daily
livelihood of the Badjao
as part of the content of
the output.
 MARYHILL COLLEGE

The last day of shooting or filming of the research output. The researchers interviewed the
Deputy Chief of Police of Lucena City PNP for the recorded data of quarantine violators
and the lockdown guidelines and protocols.

144

CULUM VITAE

NAME Ericka V. Barbacena

DATE OF BIRTH April 05, 2001

HOME ADRESS Purok 3B, Ibaba Branggay

Barra, Lucena City

CIVIL STATUS Single

RELIGION Roman Catholic

CONTACT DETAILS 0927 655 1344

erickabarbacena@maryhillcollege.

edu.ph
 MARYHILL COLLEGE

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary Maryhill College

Lucena City, Quezon | 2019-Present

Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Social Studies

Senior Highschool Maryhill College

Lucena City, Quezon | 2017 – 2019

Humanities and Social Science

Junior Highschool Cotta National Highschool

Cotta Lucena City, Quezon | 2013 – 2017

Elementary Barra Elementary School

Baranggay Barra Lucena City | 2006 – 2013

145

CURRICULUM VITAE

NAME Clarisse C. Cabarles

DATE OF BIRTH January 23, 2001

HOME ADDRESS Brgy. 8, Purok Tanglaw Barrera Lucena

City

CIVIL STATUS Single

RELIGION Roman Catholic

CONTACT DETAILS 09662837883

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERTIARY Maryhill College Inc.

 MARYHILL COLLEGE
Lucena City | 2019- present

Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Social Studies

SECONDARY

Senior High Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation

Lucena City| 2017-2019

Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics

Junior High Quezon National High School 2015-2016

Lucena, City | 2012-2016

146

CURRICULUM VITAE

NAME Krezz Ann R. Esguerra

DATE OF BIRTH Febrauary, 03, 2000

HOME ADDRESS Brgy, Tambak, Pagbilao, Quezon

CIVIL STATUS Single

RELIGION Roman Catholic

CONTACT DETAILS 09619983497

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERTIARY Maryhill College Inc.

Lucena City | 2019- present

 MARYHILL COLLEGE
Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Social Studies

SECONDARY

Senior High School Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation

Lucena City| 2017-2019

Junior High School Talipan National High School

Pagbilao, Quezon| 2013-2017

Elementary School Pagbilao Central Elementary School

Barangay, Del Carmen, Pagbilao Quezon/2006-2013

 MARYHILL COLLEGE 147

CURRICULUM VITAE

NAME Lemuel J. Mejillano

DATE OF BIRTH November 29, 2000

HOME ADRESS Purok Ilang-Ilang 1, Brgy. Isabang,

Lucena City

CIVIL STATUS Single

RELIGION Roman Catholic

CONTACT DETAILS 092517332028

lemuelmejillano@maryhillcollege.

edu.ph

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary Maryhill College

Lucena City, Quezon | 2019-Present

Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Social Studies

Senior Highschool STI College Lucena

Lucena City, Quezon | 2017 – 2019

Information and Communication Technology

Junior Highschool Quezon National High School

Iyam Lucena City, Quezon | 2013 – 2017

Elementary Isabang Elementary School

Baranggay Isabang Lucena City | 2006 – 2013