DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE CHAT APPLICATION

ABSTRACT

The world is fast becoming a global village due to the effect of globalization and rapid growth in

technology. This has enabled information sharing among various people of the world, thereby

solving basic societal problems and bringing about rapid development. The study designs and

implements an online chat application where users in the society can come together and interact

online. Faced with the challenges many computer sciences students face when trying to

communicate by other means, I the researcher deem it fit to create a social chat platform where

users can register, log in, and interact with other users at ease. The methodology used in the

system was created using HTML, PHP, JQuery, Java and MySQL technology. The aim of the

system is to create an online chat application where users can interact with one another and

moderate user activities by the administrator of the site.

1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Declaration --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i

Certification ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii

Dedication ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iii

Acknowledgement ------------------------------------------------------------------------- iv

Abstract -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- v

Table of Contents --------------------------------------------------------------------------- vi

List of Figures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ix

List of Tables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- x

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

1.2 Background of the study ---------------------------------------------------------- 2

1.3 Statement of problem ------------------------------------------------------------- 3

1.4 Motivation -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

1.5 Aim of the study ------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

1.6 Objective of the study ------------------------------------------------------------ 3

1.7 Methodology ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 4

1.7 Significance ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4

1.8 Scope of study --------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

1.9 Limitations of the study ---------------------------------------------------------- 5

1.10 Operational definition of terms -------------------------------------------------- 5

CHAPTER TWO

2.1 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6

2
2.2 Uses for Online Chat ------------------------------------------------------------- 10

2.3 Tools Used ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12

2.4 Security ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17

2.5 Review of Related Works ------------------------------------------------------- 19

CHAPTER THREE

3.1 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22

3.2 System Analysis ------------------------------------------------------------------- 22

3.3 Analysis of the Existing System------------------------------------------------- 25

3.4 Proposed New System ------------------------------------------------------------ 26

3.5 System Design --------------------------------------------------------------------- 28

3.6 System Requirement -------------------------------------------------------------- 30

3.7 System Flowchart ------------------------------------------------------------------ 32

3.8 Program Flowchart ----------------------------------------------------------------- 33

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34

4.2 System Development -------------------------------------------------------------- 34

4.3 System Implementation ----------------------------------------------------------- 35

4.4 Interface Forms --------------------------------------------------------------------- 37

4.5 System Documentation ------------------------------------------------------------ 42

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43

5.2 Summary ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43

5.3 Conclusion --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43

3
5.4 Recommendations ------------------------------------------------------------------ 44

REFERENCES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45

APPENDIX PAGE

4
 List of Figures

Fig 3.1: Data flow Diagram

Fig 3.2: System Architecture

Fig 3.3: System Flowchart

Fig 3.4: Program Flowchart

Fig 4.1: Login Page

Fig 4.2: User Registration Page

Fig 4.3: Home Page

Fig 4.4: Users’ Messages Page

Fig 4.5: Chat Conversation Page

Fig 4.6: View Profile Page

Fig 4.7: My Profile Page

5
 List of Tables

Table 3.1: Table structure for Chat Messages

Table 3.2: Table structure for Login Details

Table 3.3: Table structure for Users

Table 3.4: Table structure for Notifications

Table 3.5: Hardware requirements for target computer system(s)

Table 3.6: Software requirements for target computer system(s)

6
 CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The advancement in technologies and the fast pace globalization has led to students in higher

institutions either partially or fully in an online environment (Lapointe and Reisetter, 2008).

The recent growth in computer networks and more specifically, the World Wide Web (WWW)

has given rise to communication, socialization and interaction between individuals via the

internet.Sylvia (2007), explains that the internet is been used for several purposes these days

ranging from education, business and so on, one major area that focuses on individual interaction

and communication is online chat.

Online Chat is an online interactive chatting site where people can hold conversations in form of

text messages with each other. They differ from discussion forums where messages are posted

and can be seen by other users of the system.

Today the world is full of technologies; there are lots of inventions made to use the latest

technologies. To be specific on technology, the internet has been a part of our everyday use

where we share lots of information through this communication channel. Nowadays,the internet

ismore popular, especially in the Smart devices’ market. Because there are some of the

development tools which is available free are used to generate many applications in an android

platform. The main reason for its popularity is, it also provides a very convenient hardware

platform for developers. Some of the web applications allow creating group between the family

and friends to share their messages and location.

7
1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Communication is a mean for people to exchange messages. It has started since the beginning of

human creation. Distant communication began as early as 1800 century with the introduction of

television, telegraph and then telephony. Interestingly enough, telephone communication stands

out as the fastest growing technology, from fixed line to mobile wireless, from voice call to data

transfer. The emergence of computer network and telecommunication technologies bears the

same objective that is to allow people to communicate. All this while, much efforts has been

drawn towards consolidating the device into one and therefore indiscriminate the services

(LaPointe and Reisetter, 2008).

Chatting is a method of using technology to bring people and ideas together despite of the

geographical barriers. The technology has been available for years but the acceptance was quit

recent.

Online chat refers to any kind of communication over the Internet that offers a real-time

transmission of text messages from sender to receiver. Chat messages are generally short in order

to enable other participants to respond quickly. Thereby, a feeling similar to a spoken

conversation is created, which distinguishes chatting from other text-based online

communication forms such as Internet forums and email. Online chat may address point-to-point

communications as well as multicast communications from one sender to many receivers and

voice and video chat, or may be a feature of a web conferencing service.

Online chat in a less stringent definition can be primarily any direct text-based, one-on-one chat

or one-to-many group chat (formally also known as synchronous conferencing), using tools such

as instant messengers, Internet Relay Chat (IRC), talkers and possibly Multi User Dimensions

8
(MUDs). The expression online chat comes from the word chat which means "informal

conversation". Online chat includes web-based applications that allow communication – often

directly addressed, but anonymous between users in a multi-user environment. Web

conferencing is a more specific online service that is often sold as a service, hosted on a web

server controlled by the vendor.

1.3 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

In recent time the quest for this knowledge has risen drastically, surfing or browsing the web

without direction for information is becoming stressful especially using search engines. Instant

message deliveries from one user to another with ease; is a major challenge faced by

Nigerians.The ability to have a platform at which it is to be controlled and managed by we

Nigerians brings rise to this research work. Message broadcast within split of second has always

been a challenge.

1.4 MOTIVATION

The need to create a better and easy way to interactin the communitybetween two individuals

(privately) with less stress was what motivated me to embark on this project work in order to

alleviate man power or energy used in interactive communication. Setting up an online chat is

actually quite an interesting problem. We will need some way of storing the user details, and

messages in a database with its contents.

1.5 AIM OF THE PROJECT

The aim of this project work is to design and implement an online chat application for users in

the social community.

9
1.6 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The objectives of this project are to:

1. Create a database to store the chat messages of every individual using the platform.

2. Develop a system that will enable one-to-one interaction between users of the system.

3. Develop a security measure to avoid invalid access to third party access of chats.

4. Develop an android application that will aid the use of the system.

1.7 METHODOLOGY

1. To store the chat messages, MYSQL (My Structured Query Language) technology is

used as the language for the database that will contain all chat messages of every individual.

2. Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) Language will be used to ensure that only chats of the two

parties are queried and displayed for the two users conversing.

3. To secure the system, routine checks are made (with the use of the Hypertext

Preprocessor) by the system to disallow unauthorized users from using the platform or accessing

others information for any illegal purpose thereby securing the platform from intruders.

4. In order to achieve the task of developing an android application whereby users of the

system can use to access the application, Android Studio was the technology used to achieve this

objective.

1.8 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

10
1. It makes it easy for interaction to take place between two individuals privately.

2. Only registered members can have access to the application.

3. Notification is provided and accessed any time, and anywhere.

4. Enhancement of knowledge about implementing an online or web-based chat application.

5. It will also help to save time and energy when two individuals want to share some kind of

information, views or ideas.

1.9 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This research work is limited to the design of an online chat application to the open community

of interested users. It is centered on building thechat application using HTML, CSS, PHP,

JQuery, and MySQL technology; it is going to elaborate on how security checks can be enforced

to an online chat. I will give the general view of online chat, and related research especially in

areas like online community and interactive web.

1.10 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

An interesting area like this is quite tasking, getting the required technical skill to develop this

research is a great limitation. Surfing and searching for material and information online is

expensive which makes it a major constrain and limitation in this work. Another constrain is

time, due to short time frame some areas relating to this research were not covered.

1.11 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Internet application: A Website with dynamic, i.e. data-source oriented user-specific, content,

which usually requires some form of user authentication.

11
Database: It is a system intended to organize, store, and retrieve large amounts of data easily. It

is also referred to as a collection of well-structured, related and organized information.

Online community: it is a virtual community that exists online whose members enables its

existence through taking part in membership ritual.

Online forum: it is an online discussion site where people can hold conversations in the form of

posted messages.

User authentication: the process within the context of an Internet application wherein eligible

users are granted clearance to enter – and use – the application.

Instant Messaging: Instant messaging (IM) is a type of online chat that offers real-time text

transmission over the Internet. A LAN messenger operates in a similar way over a local area

network. Short messages are typically transmitted bi-directionally between two parties, when

each user chooses to complete a thought and select "send".

World Wide Web:The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is an information

space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators

(URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.

Android Application: This is any application software that is specifically designed to run on

Android Operating Systems.

Platform: A platform is a combination of software (and sometimes hardware) that software

application can run on. It could be an operating system, a combination of operating system and

hardware architecture, or simply a web browser.

12
 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

The phrase "Online Chat" (or widely known as Instant Messaging) entered common usage in the

early 1990s, but the concept actually dates back to the mid-1960s. Multi-user operating systems

such as the Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS), which was created at Massachusetts

Institute of Technology (MIT)'s Computation Center in 1961, allowed up to 30 users to log in at

the same time and send messages to each other. The system, which is perhaps closer to what we

now think of as email, had hundreds of registered users from MIT and other New England

colleges by 1965.

In the 1970s, programmers worked on peer-to-peer protocol, allowing universities and research

labs to establish simple communication between users of the same computer.

The Zephyr Notification Service, also created at MIT through Project Athena in the 1980s, used

Unix to locate and send messages to users. Some institutions, including MIT and Carnegie

Mellon University, still use the service.

The 1980s also saw great interest in the bulletin board system, or BBS — a system that allowed

users to use a terminal program to upload and download software and exchange direct messages

with others.

In 1982, Commodore International released the Commodore 64 PC. The Commodore 64

included an Internet service, Quantum Link (also known as Q-Link), which came to be known as

America Online (AOL) in the '90s. Q-Link users could pay a monthly fee to send text-based

13
messages to others via modem, and the receiver had the option of responding to or ignoring the

messages.

CompuServe's CB Simulator, created in 1980 to simulate citizens band radio through text-based

messages and user handles, is considered the first service dedicated to online chat.

The true turning point, however, occurred in 1997, when AOL launched AIM, attracting a new

generation of tech-savvy Internet users. When you think of AIM, you can probably hear the

sounds of opening and closing doors when friends appeared and disappeared on your Buddy List.

Like the services before it, AIM allowed users to send messages to each other, and included user

profiles, away messages and icons for more engagement. With AIM also came the development

of different bots, such as StudyBuddy and SmarterChild (which have since been retired), with

whom users could interact. By 2005, AIM dominated the instant messaging market with 53

million users. Chat rooms, in which multiple people could IM with each other, were another

popular AOL feature (Petronzio, 2012).

Yahoo launched Yahoo! Messenger in 1998, originally under the name Yahoo! Pager. Used with

a user's Yahoo! ID, Yahoo! Messenger included customized "IMVironments," address book

integration and custom status messages. Like AOL, Yahoo had a chat room service.

At nearly thesame time, libraries were also exploring more scaled downsoftware options for real

time chat through instant messaging(IM) software such as America Online’s AIM,

Microsoft’sMSN Messenger, and Yahoo Chat.5 This technology was seenas advantageous for

libraries for many reasons including itwas less expensive than chat software, it was thought to

beeasier to use, and many people in the target audience (typicallystudents) were already using it.

Because there were many different individual IM services in operation, and they wereexclusive

14
such that one must have an account on each serviceto use it, librarians found they needed to have

multipleaccounts to the various IM services to be able to reach theirusers. That situation lead to

the adoption of aggregator servicesthat bring together IM accounts from multiple providersinto

one interface and require no software to download for theuser to be able to chat with a librarian.

Some examples of aggregatorservices include Meebo (www.meebo.com),

Trillian(www.ceruleanstudios.com), and Pidgin (www.pidgin.im). At present, the majority of

libraries in the United Statesoffer some sort of digital reference service. Data from a

U.S.Department of Education report show that in the fall of 2008,72.1 percent of all U.S.

academic libraries offered referenceservice by e-mail or the web.6 Data from a 2009 Public

LibraryAssociation report show that 31.4 percent of publiclibraries offer chat reference service.

Online chats provide real-time transmission of messages between the sender and receiver(s).

Messages within online chats are oftentimes quite short to provide an experience close to a real

conversation. Some online chats also let their users to send their picture through webcam as well

as voice through microphone (Rouse, 2005).

When starting to use an online chat, it is oftentimes required for a user to create an account one

way or another to authenticate the nickname the user wants to use. For example in Skype the user

needs to login with a registered account within the application interface before chatting, all

contacts being linked to the account of the user (Hodigman, 2013).

Online chats can also be browser-based or client-based. In browser-based online chat, the user

uses the online chat through a chat interface within their browser. In client-based chat, the user

needs to install the online chat’s client, such as Skype, to their computer. Many online chats

nowadays have the option for both, making it possible to access the chat by either installing the

15
client software and using it or accessing the chat within a browser-based application(Akram,

2014).

Online chatting has also been present on mobile phones for a long time in the form of text

messages, which send instant messages through the SMSC (Short Message Service Control

Channel). In the newer phones, one can find applications such as WhatsApp that send messages

through an Internet connection instead (Hord, 2005).

2.2 USES FOR ONLINE CHATS

There are different uses for online chats ranging from regular chats to business purpose chats.

Online chats can also be private chats or chat rooms. Many programs, such as Facebook or

online games also have online chats embedded to them as a means to let users converse with

each other.

In business, online chats are mostly used in customer service. With online chat it is possible for a

company to create a real-time customer support with low costs, which can be used through the

company’s own website. Online chat-support helps a company in building a solid relationship

between the customers, as it is said that the availability of help and the speed of the helping

service are often the reasons for customers having a good experience from a company

(Hodigman, 2013).

While there is always a possibility to use phone or email customer service, these have their own

detriments. A phone customer service would be ill served compared to online chat for

international companies, as they would have to have a service center in all countries it operates

in. A phone service center also ramps up the costs much faster than an online chat, needing

physical objects such as phones the more calls are made. An email customer service can leave

16
the customer hanging for most of the day before getting an answer to a question. Online chat

customer service does not have these problems, as long as there is enough personnel to keep up

with the queries. In the end, online chats often offer offline availability by an email or ticket

system, making the customers able to contact the company via these channels when there are no

personnel online for the chat (Tagove, 2015).

Online chat support in business also leaves logs from conversations with the customers. The

company can thus analyze these logs to find out what needs improvement by finding out what

customers are complaining about or need help with the most. It is also possible to monitor the

length which the support took to overcome an obstacle with the customer. In the long run, this

will save time of the customer support team to focus on things that really need their attention

(Hodigman, 2013).

While implementing an online chat support feature to a business has its benefits, it can also have

detriments. For example, Evan Hamilton from an eight person startup company “UserVoice” has

said that his company has given up on online chat because it sets high expectations on

availability and they just didn’t have time and personnel to do it (Boatman, 2011).

Online chats can also be used for normal chatting between people. There are many dating

services using online chats as their base, as well as online chats with chat rooms where people

interested in same things can meet up and talk (Rouse, 2005).

Usually online chat applications meant for conversation have a system called chat rooms. A chat

room is a place for communities with common interests to meet up and talk about them. In chat

room, everyone who is participating in it can read the messages sent into the room, and send

their own messages as well, creating a place for open discussion on different topics.

17
2.3 TOOLS USED

2.3.1 Internet

Since the mid-1990s, the Internet has had a revolutionary impact on culture and commerce,

including the rise of near-instant communication by electronic mail, instant messaging, voice

over Internet Protocol (VoIP) telephone calls, two-way interactive video calls, and the World

Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online shopping sites. The

research and education community continues to develop and use advanced networks such as

NSF's very high speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS), Internet2, and National Lambda

Rail. Increasing amounts of data are transmitted at higher and higher speeds over fiber optic

networks operating at 1-Gbit/s, 10-Gbit/s, or more. Today the Internet continues to grow, driven

by ever greater amounts of online information, commerce, entertainment, and social networking

(Leonard, 2005).

The World Wide Web (abbreviated as www or w3 commonly known as the web): is a system of

inter linked hypertext documents accessed by the internet. Is the unique address for a file that is

accessible on the internet means including related links, information and terms. Example of

network includes local area network (LANs), wide area network (WANs) and Metropolitan Area

Network (MANs) etc.

2.3.2 CSS

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the look and

formatting of a document written in a markup language. While most often used to style web

pages and interfaces written in hypertext markup language (HTML) and extensible hypertext

markup language (XHTML), the language can be applied to any kind of extensible markup

18
language (XML) document, including plain XML, scalable vector graphics (SVG) and extensible

user interface language (XUL). CSS is a cornerstone specification of the web and almost all web

pages use CSS style sheets to describe their presentation.

2.3.3 Features of CSS

CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from document

presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can

improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of

presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce complexity

and repetition in the structural content (such as, by allowing for table-less web design).

CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for different

rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-based

browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices. It can also be used to allow the

web page to display differently depending on the screen size or device on which it is being

viewed.CSS specifies a priority scheme to determine which style rules apply if more than one

rule matches against a particular element. In this so-called cascade, priorities or weights are

calculated and assigned to rules, so that the results are predictable.

2.3.4 Database

A database is an organized collection of data. The data are typically organized to model relevant

aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring this information. For example,

modeling the availability of rooms in hotels in a way that supports finding a hotel with

vacancies. Generally, Database Management System (DBMS) is software designed to allow the

definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of databases. Well-known DBMSs

19
include MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, SAP HANA,

and dbase, FoxPro, IBM DB2, Libra Office Base, FileMaker Pro, Microsoft Access and

InterSystems Caché. A database is not generally portable across different DBMSs, but different

DBMSs can interoperate by using standards such as structured query language (SQL) and open

database connectivity (ODBC) or java database connectivity (JDBC) to allow a single

application to work with more than one database. There are different types of database; some of

them are as follows: Operational Database, Specific Database, External Database, and

Hypermedia Database. (Jeffrey, 1997)

2.3.5 JavaScript

JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language with dynamic typing and has first-class

functions. Its syntax was influenced by C-programming. JavaScript copies many names and

naming conventions from Java, but the two languages are otherwise unrelated and have very

different semantics. The key design principles within JavaScript are taken from the self and

Scheme programming languages.

2.3.6 Features of JavaScript

It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional

programming styles, The application of JavaScript in use outside of web pages for example, in

PDF documents, site-specific browsers, and desktop widgets is also significant, It is most

commonly used as part of web browsers, whose implementations allow client-side scripts to

interact with the user, control the browser, communicate asynchronously, and alter the document

content that is displayed. (Internet Marketing Bureau. 2013).

2.3.7 PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor)

20
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a server-side scripting language designed for web development

but also used as a general-purpose programming language. It is a personal home page on the web

that is customized by user. Combining syntax from C, Java and Perl languages, PHP code is

embedded within HTML pages for server side execution. It is commonly used to extract data out

of a database on the web server and present it on the web page. Originally known as “Personal

Home Page,” PHP is supported by all web servers and widely used with the MySQL database.

2.3.8 Features of PHP

In comparison to every other programming such as: ASP.Net, JAVA e.t.c. PHP is widely to

develop efficient website. There are many benefits of using this scripting language, and some of

such benefits are:

1. Increase efficiency and usability: it offers incomparable usability and efficiency when

used for website development.

2. Data processing: any website which is developed with the use of PHP functions easily

and includes fast data processing.

3. Compatibility: it is also compatible to all OS system such as windows, UNIX and so

forth.

2.3.9 Web Browser

A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for retrieving,

presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. It can also be refer to

either the computer or the software (the computer application) that helps to deliver web content

21
that can be accessed through the Internet. An information resource is identified by a Uniform

Resource Identifier (URI/URL) and may be a web page, image, video or other piece of content.

The most common use of web servers is to host websites, but there are other uses such as

gaming, data storage, running enterprise applications, handling email. (Tali, 2013).

2.3.10 Sublime

Notepad is a free (as in "free speech" and also as in "free beer") source code editor and Notepad

replacement that supports several languages. Running in the MS Windows environment, its use

is governed by general public license (GPL) License.

Based on the powerful editing component Scintilla, Notepad++ is written in C++ and uses pure

Win32 application program interface (API) and standard template library (STL) swhich ensures a

higher execution speed and smaller program size. By optimizing as many routines as possible

without losing user friendliness, Notepad++ is trying to reduce the world carbon dioxide

emissions. When using less CPU power, the PC can throttle down and reduce power

consumption, resulting in a greener environment.

HTML: Hypertext Mark-up Language is the standard for designing web pages and widely

supported by a wide variety of browsers.

PHP: It is a platform independent that can be downloaded and executed on any kind of machine.

It is also a server side scripting language that makes use of standard SQL language. PHP support

good database interaction.

MYSQL: It is small database servers which support standard SQL that compile on a number of

platforms. The server communicates with the browser through this platform.

22
2.3.11 Features of Sublime

1. Multi-View

2. Zoom in and zoom out

3. Multi-Language environment supported

4. Bookmark

5. Macro recording and playback.

2.4 SECURITY

Security for users in online chats is to be able to have a conversation between themselves without

any third party being able to get access to the conversation. Security in online chats is limited to

private chat rooms and private conversations. It would be useless to make a secure public chat

room, as anyone can connect into it which makes it unsecure anyways.

2.4.1 Packet Sniffing

The biggest threat to safety within online chats is packet sniffing. Packet sniffing is the act of

capturing data that is passed over local network and looking for any information that might prove

useful, such as passwords or sensitive information. In online chats, packet sniffing might allow a

third party to read private conversation happening within online chat software. There are many

software that can do packet sniffing available nowadays. These can be used as an added measure

of security, monitoring a network’s problems and detecting intrusions or compromised

workstations. Tools like Wireshark, Ettercap or Network-Miner give anybody with the basic

knowledge the ability to “sniff” network traffic. As most information through Internet runs in

23
plain text, it can be sniffed from the packets that deliver it to its destined recipient. This is why it

is important to have some kind of security in place, making the information the packets are

undelivered to anyone without the proper access to the information. Encryption is a widely used

method to stop packet sniffing, allowing passwords within Internet to go without molestation of

third parties (Hannah, 2011).

Online chats are becoming more and more important in the competition for customers for

companies that do their sales via Internet. An online chat is also a good tool for communication

via the Internet, and can be used for all kinds of needs to communicate. For example, LiveZhat

has implemented their online chat for a church to make it a channel for anonymous conversation

with church personnel for religious people (Tagove and Tuomikoski, 2015).

Online chats are used mostly for customer service within web stores. A web store is a place that

sells digital or physical goods through an Internet webpage. An online chat can be used by both

business-to-business and business-to-customer based companies for their customer service needs.

Online chat software allows these stores that operate within the Internet to have real-time

conversations with their customer base (Tagove, 2015).

The delivery of web-based online chats can be done in different ways. Some offer consultation

help and tailored solutions for companies while others offer a packet solution that can be

implemented and customized at the customer’s end. All companies that are included in this thesis

offer the second option, while some of the companies give the option for the first option

(Tuomikoski, 2015).

2.5 REVIEW OF RELATED WORKS

24
Kumar (2013), worked on “Network based Chat Application”. According to his works, Chatting,

is a method of using technology to bring people and ideas “together” despite the geographical

barriers. His work is an example of a chat server. It is made up of two (2) applications; the client

application, which runs on the user’s Pc (or device) and server application, which runs on any Pc

on the network. To start chatting, clients must get connected to the server where they can

practice two kinds of chatting; public chatting (message is broadcasted to all connected users)

and private chatting (between any 2 users only) and during the last one (Private Chatting),

security measures were taken. The Chat application establishes a connection between two or

more systems connected over an intranet; this tool can be used for large scale communication

and conferencing in an organization or campus of vast size, thus increasing the standard of co-

operation.

Limitation

The system is a good system with vast abilities and capabilities. The limitation of his work is that

it is a chat application over an intranet. This means that only users within the area that the

intranet covers can gain access to the server. In other words, the server cannot be accessed by

anybody around the world. The application does not give room for users to share files (such as

images, documents) via the chat application.

Fabian (2019), worked on “Social Networking Site in PHP”. According to his work, the system

was designed to tackle the activities of sending text-based messages; it contains a user side from

where a user can view, share a post or comment on a posted thread (post). The users play an

important role in the management of this social media site. In his work, all the main functions

has to be performed from the user side.

25
Limitation

From his work, we will see that it is a forum and does not have the ability of one-to-one chat

with a user. Also, the users’ comments are open to everybody that wish to view it; there is no

form of restriction or security policy applied on the system. The system does not give room form

users to express their feelings or impressions view visual-like means or method (example: Emoji

or stickers).

Kuldip (2014), worked on “Multi-User Chat Application”, According to him, Online Chat is an

effective and efficient real-time, text-based communication tool to the internet community. The

chat applet is configured to determine based on an event that the client could benefit from online

chat and, upon such determination, to send a request to a chat server for a connection and to

include the application identifier with the request. project is an example of chat application

which is basically based on public chatting (message is broadcasted to all connected users). It is

made of two applications the Client application which runs on the PCs, and the Server

application which runs on any PC on the network. In his work, for a client to initiate a chat, the

client must be connected to the server.

Limitation

The system he designed in text-based, which means it doesn’t support file transfer. It doesn’t

have a system of security whereby routine checks are made to verify the validity of users that are

using the application; this will create a room for cyber criminals to intrude and this may result to

havoc.

26
 CHAPTER THREE

3.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter describesthe methods used along the research or project activities. In other words, it

describes the flow of research activities from the beginning till the end.

By analogy, building an application is like building a house. Having the right tools is important,

but we need a solid foundation. Having good starting point (foundation) then the method to adopt

is also important. It is good practice always to start any project by doing a feasibility study,

analyses the process, implement, test and document the entire work, this project as well follows

this approach. And this chapter details all the tools and approaches adopted.

The foundation of this software must start from the problem to be solved and with this known,

there are some steps that must be followed to achieve the desired results, these steps include:-

1. Break down the problem with smaller components

2. Create a method to solve them one after another

3. Designing the system and writing the machine code.

4. Test running the code.

3.2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS

In System Analysis more emphasis is given to understanding the details of an existing system or

a proposed one and then deciding whether the proposed system is desirable or not and whether

the existing system needs improvements. Thus, system analysis is the process of investigating a

system, identifying problems, and using the information to recommend improvements to the

27
system by defining goals, objectives, functions, features, constraints, and conditions of a system

(Wieners, 2009).

3.2.1 Feasibility Study

A Project Feasibility Study is an exercise that involves documenting each of the potential

solutions to a particular project problem. Feasibility Studies can be undertaken by any type of

project or team and they are a critical part of the Project Life Cycle. The purpose of a Feasibility

Study is to identify the likelihood of one or more solutions meeting the stated project

requirements. In other words, if you are unsure whether your solution will deliver the outcome

you want, and then a Project Feasibility Study will help again that clarity. During the Feasibility

Study, a variety of ‘assessment’ (technical, economical, legal, operational, and scheduling)

methods are undertaken. The outcome of the Feasibility Study is a confirmed solution for

implementation (Sommerville, 2007).

3.2.2 Requirement Analysis

Requirements analysis, is the process of determining user expectations for the new or modified

product. These features, called requirements, must be quantifiable, relevant and detailed. In

software engineering, such requirements are often called functional specifications (Sommerville,

2007).

The system requirement specification is a structured document that collects information which

encompasses the requirements of a system. This section would focus mainly on the functional

requirements of the proposed system and these include:

28
 i. The system should be able to validate all user input and respond to exceptions

appropriately.

ii. The system should enforce the policy of non-multiple users of an account using

standard authentication processes.

iii. The system should allow admin to ban and restrict access to users when they do

wrong things.

iv. The system should allow users be able to view other users’ profile and their
activeness status.

v. The system should be able to prevent unauthorized intrusions.

vi. The system should be able to detect some faults or repetition of data when entering

data.

vii. The system should allow the Administrator and Users to be able to login and carry

relatively different functions provided.

viii. The system should allow users to be able to view other users’ profile and their

activeness status.

ix. The system should allow the entire user category to be able to have a one-to-one

conversation with a user of their choice.

3.2.3 Data flow Diagram

Data flows through the system start by capturing user’s data and with producing result to the

user. (Sommerville, 2007)

29
 Fig 3.1: Data Flow Diagram

3.3 ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

Analysis involved a detailed study of the current system, leading to specification of a new

system. Analysis is a detailed study of various operations performed by a system and their

relationships within and outside the system. During analysis, data are collected on the available

files, decision points and transaction handled by the present system (Bantley, 2012). Using the

following steps, it becomes easy to draw the exact boundry of the new system under

consideration:

a) Keeping in view the problems and new requirements.

b) Workout the pros and cons including new areas of the system.

All procedures, requirements must be analyzed and documented in the form of detailed data flow

diagrams (DFDs), data dictionary, logical data structures and miniature specification.

The proposed system is an advanced way of the implementing the current system which is more

broad and flexible for users to access.

30
3.3.1 PROBLEMS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

The local way of access that is being used by the students of the campus is too limited in the

sense that for a user to access the platform, he or she has to be in the campus which makes the

platform invalid for others that are not within the campus area network. Some parts of the

problems are:

a) Users that are not within the campus cannot be able to access the platform because it is

strictly for users within the campus.

b) Students do not get to gather in an online arena to discuss on related topics.

c) It is only a one-to-one conversation which does not allow a one-to-many interaction

between users of the system.

d) No form of authentication added in order to avoid invalid access.

3.3.2 SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEMS

The solution proffered is to develop an online chat application that can perform the below:

a) User access outside the campus area.

b) Check and disallow illegal access.

c) Administrative control of the system.

d) Registration of New users.

3.4 PROPOSED NEW SYSTEM

The solution to the problem is primarily to tackle the fundamental problem normally associated

with the out-fashioned existing system whereby only users within the campus area can use the

system. The solution required to address the basic problem normally involved mostly in the

31
access method of the platform, data collection and processed in order to preserve the much

desired high integrity of the output information. It is therefore expected that new users should be

able to use all the predefined objectives of the entire research to achieve this laudable goal to

have the following solution:

a) Easy to electronically access the information.

b) Any interested user can now get access to the system irrespective of the user’s location.

c) It is important to have a fully computerized record data and retrieval system.

d) The electronic method occupies less space and is not time consuming.

e) Reduce energy consumption and ease of access as in facial communication method.

The new system is designed to solve the problem affecting the current system in use. The online

system thereby relieving the users from much stress as experienced in the existing system. The

system will do the analyzing and storing of information either automatically or interactively. It

will make use of the database system which is the backbone for this system to be a success.

3.4.1 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

This deals with the conceptual models that define the structure components and inter-relationship

among the component of the system. It denotes the high level structure of software which

comprises the software elements (entities), the relationship between them, and in some cases, the

attributes of both entities and relation.

32
 Fig 3.2: System Architecture

3.5 SYSTEM DESIGN

System design is the process of defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and

data for a system to satisfy the specified functional requirements. This section documents the

design decisions that have been taken.Based on the user requirement and the detailed analysis of

a new system, the design phase on any system is very important, vital and crucial because the

success of any system depends largely on its design specifications.

3.5.1 Database Design

The proposed system makes use of a database to store and maintain records.Designing a database

is a process of planning and structuring the data object together with the relationship that exist

33
among them within a database. Database is normally set up to meet the information of the

organization.

According to Beynon-Davies P. (2004). A database is a collection of related data items that has a

regular structure and that is organized in such a way that any design information contained in the

collection can be easily found (for viewing, editing or deleting).

Table 3.1: Table structure for Chat Messages

Field Type Length

chat_message_id Integer 5
to_user_id Integer 5
from_user_id Integer 5
chat_message Varchar 500
name Varchar 20
timestamp Varchar 20

Table 3.2: Table structure for Login Details

Field Type Length

login_details_id Integer 5
user_id Integer 5
last_activity Varchar 20
username Varchar 20
login_time Varchar 18

34
Table 3.3: Table structure for Users

Field Type Length

user_id Integer 4
email Varchar 30
fullname Varchar 25
phone Varchar 15
pic Varchar 80
username Varchar 15
password Varchar 15
gender Varchar 8
Date of birth Varchar 12
biography Varchar 200

Table 3.4: Table structure for Notifications

Field Type Length

id Integer 5
notification Varchar 300
to_user_id Integer 4
from_who Varchar 15
datetime Timestamp 15

3.6 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT

This section considers the requirements that must be met by the target system to enable the

developed software application function as required. The target computer system requirement

will be discussed in the area of software and hardware requirements.The system requirement is a

35
specification structured document that collects information which encompasses the requirements

of a system. This Section will mainly focus on the Hardware and Software Requirements

Table 3.5: Hardware requirements for target computer system(s)

Component Requirement

RAM 1GB of RAM

Hard disk 10GB of hard disk space

Processor 1.0GHz or higher

Table 3.6: Software requirements for target computer system(s)

Component Requirement

Operating system Windows XP, or higher

Memory 512MB or higher

Database MySQL 4 or higher

Web server Internet

Web Browser Mobile based or Computer based

36
37
3.7 SYSTEM FLOWCHART

Fig 3.3: System Flowchart

38
3.8 PROGRAM FLOWCHART

Fig 3.4: Program Flowchart

39
 CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION AND DOCUMENTATION

4.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter focuses on the implementation of the system. The features of the implementation

languages used in this research- PHP, HTML and MYSQL will be discussed extensively. The

system testing strategies, the target computer requirements as well as the system maintenance

issues that would arise in the system would be discussed also.

4.2 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

This phase produces the actual code that will be delivered as the ‘running system’. Individual

modules well designed, developed and tested before being delivered to the next Phase. The

development of this system involves most of the current web development technologies such as:-

4.2.1 PHP (The Server-Side Scripting Phase)

Hypertext Pre-Processor PHP was also used in the development of the system. It provides a

medium through which a web-page can communicate with the database in retrieving,

adding/modifying and deleting records. PHP which is the major web-based technology that was

used, because of how flexible, dynamic, efficient and reliable it is, it enables me to be able to

manipulate records from the database. So because of how powerful it is the Object Oriented

Programming features was fully utilized in the development of the system (Ashok A., 2002).

4.2.2 MySQL (The Database Phase)

MySQL is a relational database management system which was also used in the development of

this system. MYSQL is a fast, easy-to-use RDBMS used for databases on many Web sites. Speed

was the developers’ main focus from the beginning. It enabled me to implement my database

40
structure after undergoing a rigorous database schema design by creating all the backend objects

such as database, tables, views, routines and events (Elmasri and Navathe, 2007).

4.2.3 HTML (The Markup Phase)

Hyper Text Markup Language, This markup tags tell the Web browser how to display the page

(Ashok A., 2002). It was also used during the development of this system; it enabled me to

achieve the entire layout involved in the pages of the project. Also the implementation and

design of all frontend objects such as pages, forms, tables, links, buttons etc.

4.2.4 Java (The Mobile App Phase)

Java is a very powerful Object Oriented programming language. Programming in such a

language is calledand it allows computer programmers to implementan object-oriented design as

a working system.In Java, the unit of programming is the class from which objects are eventually

instantiated (created). Java classes containmethods (which implement operations and are

similar to functions in C) as well asfields (which implement attributes).Each class contains

fields, and the set of methods that manipulate the fields and provide services to clients (i.e., other

classesthat use the class).Existing classes are used as the building blocks for constructingnew

classes.

4.3 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

System implementation occurs when the new or proposed system might have been realized after

which the new system is tested and found to be working properly without errors. It is the

installation of new software after all requirements are met based on users definition on quality.

The new system must be robust enough so as to supersede the old (existing) system also have

additional functionality that will make it more generally acceptable before it can be considered to

41
be replace the old system. Such functionality includes; reliability of the software, performance of

the software, efficiency of the software, correctness of the software etc (Sommerville, 2007).

4.3.1 System Testing Strategies

This section is concerned with testing and debugging of the programs and general processes

involved in achieving the objectives of the system requirement. System testing is conducted on a

complete integrated system to evaluate the system’s compliance with its specified requirements.

System testing falls within the scope of black box testing and as such should require no

knowledge of the inner design of the code or logic. During system testing, the focus is on the

software design, behavior and even the believed expectations of the customer. So we can also

refer to the system testing phase as investigatory testing phase of the software development life

cycle. The system testing strategies used in this system include the unit test and integration test.

4.3.1.1 Unit Test

The primary goal of unit testing is to take the smallest piece of testable software in the

application, isolate it from the remainder of the code and determine whether it behaves exactly as

it is expected to behave. Each unit is tested separately before integrating them into modules to

test the interfaces between modules. Unit testing has proven its value in that a large percentage

of defects are identified during its use.

4.3.1.2 Integration Testing

Integration testing is a logical extension of unit testing. In its simplest form, the units that have

already been tested are combined into a component and the interface between them is tested. A

component, in this sense, refers to an integrated aggregate of more than one unit. In a realistic

scenario, many units are combined into components, which are in turn aggregated into even

larger parts of the program. The idea is to test combination of pieces and eventually expand the

42
process to test your modules with those of other groups. Integration testing can be done in a

variety of ways which include top-down approach, bottom-up approach and the umbrella

approach.

In the integration testing of the software, satisfactory results were obtained from the test using

the bottom-up approach.

4.3.1.3 System Testing

System testing of software or hardware is a test conducted on a completed, integrated system to

evaluate the system’s compliance with its specified requirements. System testing falls within the

scope of black box testing, and as such, should require no knowledge of the inner design of the

code or logic, (Sommerville, 2007)

As a rule, system testing takes, as its input, all of the “integrated” software components that have

successfully passed integration testing and also the software system itself integrated with any

applicable hardware system(s). The purpose of integration testing is to detect any inconsistencies

between the software units that are integrated togetheror between any of the assemblage and the

hardware. System testing is more limiting type of testing; it seeks to detect defects both within

the “inter-assemblage” and also within the system as a hole.

4.3.1.4 User Acceptance Test

This is the phase at which a user is introduced to the system and allowed to surf, browse, and

even use the contents or components of the system in order to get an accurate and valid feedback

of excellent performance of the system. Therefore, a user was introduced to the system and

allowed to browse through the system; where an excellent and good feedback was gotten for the

user.

4.4 INTERFACE FORMS

43
This phase deals with the various forms of interfaces of the system. Based on this project, I

designed HTML/PHP pages that provide a user, with friendly interfaces to work upon. The

system has two major categories of users in this project; they are Students and Staffs and the

Administrator.

The basic subsystems that provide interfaces to system users are:

a. Login Page

b. User Registration Page

c. Home Page

d. Users’ Messages Page

e. Chat Conversation Page

f. View Profile Page

g. My Profile Page

a.Login Page: This is the page that request a user login details such as username and password

in order to grant the user access to the platform. Users without these login details are disallowed

from accessing the platform.

[image here]
Fig 4.1: Login Page

b. User registration Page: This page collects all necessary information for a new user to be able

to register to the application; which will grant them access to login.

[image here]

Fig 4.2: User Registration Page

c. Home Page: After a successful login by the user, this is the first page that will display to the

user.

[image here]
Fig 4.3: Home Page
44
d. Users’ Messages Page: This page displays the list of users that you had conversation with

only.

[image here]
Fig 4.4: Users’ Messages Page

e. Chat Conversation Page: This page displays the chat conversation between two users.

[image here]

Fig 4.5: Chat Conversation Page

f. View Profile Page: This page Views to user the profile of another user.

[image here]

Fig 4.6: View Profile Page

g. My Profile Page: This page allows the users to view their profile and make certain changes to

their personal information.

[image here]

Fig 4.7: My Profile Page

4.5 SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION

According to Scott A. (2009), documentation is explained as the creation of an artifact namely, a

document, which may be electronic files, web pages or papers which gives an insight of the

information in the main structure of the program.

PROGRAM AUTHOR: -------------.

AUTHOR’S REGISTRATION NO.: -------------

INSTITUTE: N ------------

DEPARTMENT: COMPUTER SCIENCE.

APPLICATION NAME: ---------

APPLICATION VERSION: VERSION 1.----

45
PROGRAM TITLE: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE CHAT

APPLICATION.

PURPOSE: TO ENABLE EASY AND RELIABLE CONVERSATION BETWEEN TWO

USERS WITHOUT THIRD-PARTY ACCESS TO CHATS

PROGRAM YEAR: --------.

46
 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter focuses on summary, conclusion and recommendations. Here, the entire summary

of the research from the problem stage to the implementation stage, the relevant conclusion and

recommendations are discussed.

5.2 SUMMARY

The world is fast becoming a global village due to the effect of globalization and rapid growth in

technology. This has enabled information sharing among various people of the world, thereby

solving basic societal problems and bringing about rapid development. The study designs and

implements an online chat application where users can come together and interact online ranging

from using a web browser or an android base mobile application. Various interactions on

different aspects such as programming, web development, networking, computer

repairs/maintenance, phone and technology in general can be integrated into this chat

application. Faced with the challenges many users face when trying interact between one

another, the researcher deem it fit to create a social platform where students can register, log in,

interact and get quality answers from other users and admin, andexpress their feelings via the

internet. Concerning methodology, the system was created using HTML, PHP, MySQL JQuery,

and Java. The aim of the system is to create an online chat application where users can interact

between each other and express their selves, and moderate users by the administrator of the

application.

47
5.3 CONCLUSION

An online chat application is a system that is computerized to provide optimal discussion

interaction between it users where implemented. The incorporation categories and chats for

separate different category where related makes it outstanding. The system model chats as

performed by the users and different interaction methods respectively, users are given the access

to converse on-to-one based on the topics of interest.

5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS

Having designed, tested and implemented the new system, the following must be put in place to

fully achieve the objective of which the software is designed.

i. Maintenance: The system needs to be maintained. This implies that any fault detected

should be reported to the programmer for correction at any point in time.

ii. Internet Connection: The system needs to be connected to the internet before the user

can access the features of the software online.

iii. Research: More research should be conducted on the work to assess it effectively.

48
REFERENCES

Akram, R.N. and R.K. Ko, (2014). “End-to-End Secure and Privacy Preserving Chat

ApplicationinInformation Security Theory and Practice”, Neccache, D. and D. Sauveron

(Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Germany, ISBN:978-3-662-43825-1, pp:124-139.

Ammar H. Ali, Ali M. Sagheer, (2017). "Design of an Android Application for Secure Chatting",

International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security(IJCNIS), Vol.9,

No.2, pp.29-35, 2017.DOI: 10.5815/ijcnis.2017.02.04

Beynon-Davies P. (2004). “Database Systems 3rd Edition. Palgrave, Basingstoke, UK”. ISBN 1-

4039-1601-2 retrieved 13-07-2019 from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1403916012/

Boatman, K. (2011). “Web-Based Live Chat: Good for Business?” retrieved 12-3-2015 from

http://www.inc.com/internet/articles/201103/web-based-live-chat-good-for-

business.html.

Brantley, M. A. (2012) “About Web Portals: A home page does not make a portal.” Jossey-Bass,

A Wiley Company

“Client-based online chat”. URL: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Gossip-

chat/ Accessed: 12.3.2015

Crawford, J. (2004) “The use of electronic information services by students at Glasgow

Caledonian University”. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Vine, vol 34, issue 3, pp.

113-118.

49
Elmasri, T. and Navathe, M., (2010): Fundamentals of Database System, Pearson Education,

Inc., pp: 03-20.

Fabian R. (March, 2019), “Social Networking Site in PHP”, retrieved 23-07-2019 from

https://code-projects.org/ Social-Networking-Site-in-PHP-with-Source-Code/

Ford, C. (2002). “An exploratory study of the differences between face-to-face and computer-

mediated reference transactions”. Doctor of Philosophy, Indiana University,

Bloomington, India.

Hannah, A. (2011). “Packet Sniffing Basics”. retrieved 19-10-2015 from

http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/packet-sniffing-basics/

Hodigman, B. 2013. “6 reasons to consider adding Live Chat support to your business”. URL:

http://thenextweb.com/entrepreneur/2013/11/26/6-reasons-consider-adding-live-chat-

support-business/ Accessed: 12.3.2015

Jeffrey G. (1997), “Dealing with database structures”. URL: http://newboston.com/the-internet-

and-its-ally/ Accessed 23-12-2003

Kuldip K. (2014), “Multi-User Chat Application”, Krishna Institute of Technology, Krishna,

India.

Kumar G. (2013), “Chat Application”, Shobhit University; Shobhit Institute of Engineering and

Technology, India.

LaPointe, Reisetter, (2008). “Analysis of asynchronous online discussion in educational

backgrounds”. retrieved 23-03-2019 from http://www.aare.edu.au/04pap/hol04863.pdf

Leonard M. (2005), “VOIP: Prospects and Merits” retrieved 12-06-2019 from

https://www.mashable.com/voip-prospects-and-merits/

50
Petronzio, M (2012), “A Brief History of Instant Messaging”, Retrieved 21-04-2019 from
https://www.mashable.com/brief-history-of-instant-messaging/

Rouse M. (2005). Chatting Definition. URL: http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/definition/chatting

Accessed: 15.5.2015

Scott A. and Ryan J. (2009), “Digital Literacy and Using Online Chats: Reflections from
Teaching Large Cohorts in Teacher Education”. IEEE Journal No.1/2010 ISSN 177 –
182.

Sylvia C. (2007), Motivation to write online: Chats and Forums. Gfl Journal No.1/2010 ISSN
1470 – 9570.

Sommerville O. (2007). “Software Engineering”, Pearson Education, Inc., pp: 50-51.

Tagove, L. (2015). URL: http://www.tagove.com/active-online-businesses-needed-live-chat-

software/ Accessed: 19-10-2015

Tali G. (2003), “The URI/URL and its standards”. IETTF Journal of Information Technology
ISSN 2104 – 2122

Tagove L. and Tuomikoski J. (2015). “File Encryption, Decryption Using AES Algorithm in
Android Phone”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and
Software Engineering, Vol. 5(5), pp. 550-554.

Tyson, J. (2001). “How encryption works”. Retrieved 29-3-2015 from

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/encryption.htm

Wieners K. E., (2009).“System Analysis and Design”,.Willey Pearson, Inc., pp18-89.

51