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Henderson Hasselbalch Equation

The document discusses the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and how it relates to calculating the pH of solutions of weak acids. It also discusses buffers, how they resist changes in pH, and how to calculate the concentrations needed to prepare a buffer solution of a particular molarity and pH.

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timilehinfalemu
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297 views16 pages

Henderson Hasselbalch Equation

The document discusses the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and how it relates to calculating the pH of solutions of weak acids. It also discusses buffers, how they resist changes in pH, and how to calculate the concentrations needed to prepare a buffer solution of a particular molarity and pH.

Uploaded by

timilehinfalemu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HENDERSON-

HASSELBALCH
EQUATION
pH of solutions of weak acids cont’d
Example pH of solutions of weak acids

Ka for a weak acid, is 1.6 ×10-6. The


• The
molarity of acid is 10-3 M. What are the:
A) pH.
B) Calculate pKa and pKb.

A) pH = ½ ( pKa + p [HA])
pKa = - log Ka
pKa = - log Ka = - log 1.6 ×10-6
pKa = 5.796
P [HA] = - log [HA] = - log 10-3
P [HA] = 3
pH = ½ ( pKa + p [HA])
pH = ½ (5.79 + 3)
pH = 4.398

B) pKa = - log Ka
pKa = - log Ka = - log 1.6 ×10-6
pKa = 5.796

pKa + pKb = 14
pKb = 14 - pKa = 14 – 5.796
pKb = 8.204
Henderson-Hasselbach equation
• A buffer is a solution that can resist changes in pH when
small amounts of acid or base is added.
• It is a mixture of a weak acid and its salt of a strong base
(an acidic buffer) OR it is a mixture of a weak base and it’s
salt of a strong acid (a basic buffer).
Handerson-Hasselbalch equation cont’ed
For acidic: HA H + + A-
[H+] [A-]
Ka = [HA] [HA]
[H+] = Ka [A-] [HA]
Log[H+] = Log Ka + Log [A-]
[HA]
- Log[H+] = - Log Ka - Log [A ]
- [A -]

pH = pKa + Log [HA]


Handerson-Hasselbalch equation cont’ed
For basic: MOH M + + OH-
[M+] [OH-]
Kb = [MOH]
[MOH]
[OH ] = Kb [M+] [MOH]
-

Log[OH-] = Log Kb + Log [M+]


[MOH]
- Log[OH-] = - Log Kb - Log[M ]
+ [M +]

pOH = pKb + Log [MOH]


Handerson-Hasselbalch equation cont’ed
• When the condensation of conjugate acid = conjugate
base, pH = pKa OR pOH = pKb
Buffers
• Buffer Capacity:
• It is the ability of buffer to resist changes in pH.
• It is the number of moles of H+ ions that can be added to
one liter of the buffer that can decrease the pH by one unit
OR the number of moles of OH- ions that can be added to
one liter of the buffer that can increase the pH by one
unit .
• Unit buffer capacity = mole.
Buffers cont’ed
How does a buffer resist changes in pH?
• For Example: in the acetate buffer which is made of acetic
acid CH3COOH and sodium acetate.
• When H+ are added it will react with the salt:
CH3COO - + H+ CH3COOH
Thus the buffer converted the free H+ into acetic acid which does
not affect the pH because it is a weak acid, so the pH is not
effected.
Buffers cont’ed
• When OH- are added it will react with the acetic acid:
CH3COOH + OH- CH3COO- + H2O
Thus the buffer converted the free OH- in the into water and salt
which does not affect the pH.
Preparation of buffers
• Example 1: What is the concentration of acetic acid and
acetate in 0.2 M acetate buffer, and which has a pH = 5
and pKa = 4.77
Acetate buffer

Acetic acid + Acetate


HA + A-
[HA] + [A-] = 0.2 M
[HA] = ?
[A-] = ?
HA H+ + A-
Ka =
[H+] [A-]
[HA]
pKa = - log Ka
4.77 = - log Ka
log Ka = anti log – 4.77
Ka = 1.7 × 10-5

pH = - log [H+]
5 = - log [H+]
[H+] = anti log – 5
[H+] = 1 × 10-5
Let us assume [A-] = y
Since [HA] + [A-] = 0.2 M
[HA] = 0.2 – y
Ka = [H+] [A-]
[HA]
1.7 × 10-5 = [(1 × 10-5)(y)] / (0.2 – y)
1.7 × 10-5 (0.2 – y) = 1 × 10-5 y
(3.4 × 10-6) – (1.7 × 10-5 y) = 1 × 10-5 y
3.4 × 10-6 = 1 × 10-5 y + 1.7 × 10-5 y
3.4 × 10-6 = 2.7 × 10-5 y
y = (3.4 × 10-6 / 2.7 × 10-5)
y = 0.126 M = [A-]
[HA] = 0.2 – 0.126 = 0.074 M
Example 2
• Describe the preparation of 3 L of 0.2 M acetate buffer.
Starting from solid sodium acetate trihydrate (A-), Mwt =
136 and a 1 M solution of acetic acid (HA) the pKa = 4.77;
The concentration of [A-] = 0.126 M, [HA] = 0.074 M in
0.2 M solution in 1 L.

The no. of moles in buffer = 3 × 0.2 = 0.6 moles


The no. of moles of A- + the no. of moles of HA = 0.6
moles

SINCE the concentration of [A-] = 0.126 M in 1 L; the


Total no. of moles in buffer = 0.126 × 3 = 0.378 moles

SINCE the concentration of [HA] = 0.073 M in 1 L; the


Total no. of moles in buffer = 0.073 × 3 = 0.222 moles OR
The no. of moles of HA = 0.6 - no. of moles of A- = 0.222
moles
SINCE A- is solid the wt needed = M × Mwt = 0.378 × 136
= 51.4 g

The volume if HA needed = no. of moles / M = 0.222 / 1 =


0.222 L = 222 ml

51.4 g of solid sodium acetate trihydrate is added to 222


ml of acetic acid and the volume is brought up to 3 L.

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