Reachi

ngt
heageofadol
escence

IDef
ine:

1.Adol
escence:Theper
iodofl
i
fewhent
hebodyunder
goeschangesl
eadi
ngt
omat
uri
tyi
s
cal
ledadol
escence.

2.Heal
th:
Thephy
sical
andment
alwel
lbei
ngofaper
soni
scal
l
edheal
th.

3.Endocri
neglands:
Glandswhichar
ewi
thoutanyductandpourt
hei
rsecr
eti
onsdi
rect
lyi
nto
bl
oodar ecal
l
edendocri
neglands.

4.Secondar
ysexualchar
act
ers:Atpubert
y,boysandgi
rlsdev
elopfeat
uresthathel
pto
di
sti
nguishmal
esf r
om femal
es.Thesefeat
uresar
ecall
edassecondarysexualchar
act
ers.

I
IAnswert
hef
oll
owi
ng:

1.Expl
aint
hepr
ocesscal
l
edmenst
ruat
ion.

Answer:Whentheeggproducedbytheovar
ydoesn'tgetfer
ti
li
zed,
therel
easedeggand
thi
ckenedl
i
ningoft
heuterusalongwit
hit
sbloodvesselsareshedoff
.Thi
scausesbleedi
ngi
n
womenwhi chi
scal
ledmenstruati
on.

2.Di
ff
erent
iat
ebet
weenmenar
cheandmenopause.

Answer:Thefir
stmenstr
ualfl
owwhenthegi
rlr
eachesreproduct
ivematur
it
yisknownas
menarche.At40to50yearsofaget
hemenst
rualcycl
estops.Thi
sisknownasmenopause.

3.Li
stt
hechangesi
nthebodyt
hatt
akespl
aceatpuber
ty.

Answer:
*Suddeni
ncr
easei
nhei
ghtbecauseofdr
ast
icgr
owt
hofar
msandl
egs.

*Gr
owi
ngofhai
rsatdi
ff
erentpar
tsoft
hebody
.

*Voi
ceofboy
sgetcoar
se.

*Dev
elopmentofsexor
gans.

*Gr
owt
hoff
aci
alhai
rsi
nboy
s.

*Hi
pandbr
eastdev
elopmenti
ngi
rl
s.

*I
ncr
easedact
ivi
tyofsweatandsebaceousgl
ands.

*Reachi
ngment
al,
emot
ional
andi
ntel
l
ect
ual
mat
uri
ty.

4.Namet
heendocr
inegl
andsandt
hei
rhor
mones.

Answer:
Endocr
inegl
ands Hor
mone

Pi
tui
tar
ygl
and Growthhormone
andother
hormones

Thy
roi
d Thy
roxi
n

Pancr
eas I
nsul
i
n

Adr
enal Adr
enal
i
ne

Ov
ary Est
rogen

Test
is Test
ost
erone

5.Whatar
esexhor
mones?Whyar
etheycal
l
edso?St
atet
hei
rfunct
ions.

Answer: Thehormoneswhichhelpi
nformati
onandmaint
enanceofsecondar
ysexual
character
sarecall
edassexhormones.Thesear
ehormonesthathel
pincontr
oll
i
ngsexual
acti
vit
iesandalsohel
ptodist
ingui
shthesexoft
heindi
vi
dual
.Hencetheyarecal
ledso.

Funct
ionsofsexhormones:I
nmal el
stheyhel
pindev
elopmentofsper
msandgr
owt
hoff
aci
al
hai
r.I
nf emal
estheyhel
pindevel
opmentofmammar yglands.

6.Whypi
tui
tar
ygl
andi
scal
l
edasmast
ergl
and?

Answer:Pit
uit
aryglandsecr
eteshormoneswhichsti
mulat
etestesandovari
est oproducethei
r
hormones.I
talsosecret
esgrowthhormoneresponsi
blef
orthegrowthoftheindiv
idual
.Ital
so
contr
olst
hesecreti
onsofotherendocr
inegl
andsinourbody,hencei
tiscall
edasmast ergland.

7.Namet
hev
iruswhi
chcausesAI
DS.Whatar
etheway
sinwhi
cht
hev
irusget
str
ansmi
tt
ed?

Answer:
AIDSi
scausedbyav
irusnamedhumani
mmunev
irus(
HIV)
.Itcanbet
ransmi
tt
ed
thr
ough:

*I
nfect
edsy
ringes.

*Bl
oodt
ransf
usi
on.

*I
nfect
edmot
hert
othei
nfant
.

*Sexual
cont
actwi
thi
nfect
edper
son.
8.Br
ief
lydescr
ibet
hepr
ocessofsexdet
ermi
nat
ioni
nhumanbei
ngs.

Answer: Al
lhumanbeingshave23pai rsofchr
omosomesoutofwhi chonepai ri
scall
edsex
chromosomesnamedasXandY.Af emalehastwoXchr omosomeswhi l
eamal ehasoneX
andoneY.Femal esproduceeggswithonlyoneXchr omosomewher easmal esproducet
wo
typesofsperms,onewithXchromosomeandt heotherwit
hYchromosome. whentheeggis
fert
il
izedwit
hthesperm car
ryi
ngXchr omosome, t
hezy got
edevel
opsi ntoafemalebabyand
whent heeggisfer
ti
li
zedwiththesperm car
ryi
ngYchr omosome,thezy got
edev el
opsint
oa
mal ebaby.