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EE3005: Communication Systems 9/5/2022
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45 marks, Three hours
1. (5 marks) Consider the two constellations in the below Figure
(0, a)
(−6, 2) (−2, 2) (2, 2) (6, 2)
(−1, 1) (1, 1)
(−a, 0) (a, 0)
(−6, −2) (−2, −2) (2, −2) (6, −2)
(1, −1)
(−1,−1)
a = 1 + sqrt(3)
(0, −a)
(a) (b)
(a) Determine the minimum distance for each constellation.

(b) Determine the average transmitted symbol energy for each constellation.
(c) Which of the above constellations gives lower symbol error probabilities for the same
average symbol energy? Why?
2. (5 marks) Let n1 and n2 be independent Gaussian random variables with mean 0 and
variance 1. Let X = n1 + n2 and Y = n1 − n2 . Find the joint density distribution of X
and Y and justify.
3. (5 marks) An ideal bandlimited bandpass channel between 100 kHz and 120kHz is
available for communication.
(a) What is the maximum symbol rate at which the zero ISI condition is satisfied?
(b) If 64 − QAM is used using square-root raised cosine pulse with excess bandwidth
0.3, what is maximum achievable bit rate?
4. (5 marks) A 16KHz band pass channel is to be used for transmission of data at a rate
38400 bps. Design a QAM modulation using a RC pulse having a roll off factor of at least
0.5.
5. (10 marks) As a designer, you want to build an amplifier with at least 60dB gain and the
best possible noise figure (NF) using smaller amplifiers available in the market. However,
only the following four amplifiers were available in the market
• A1: Gain 20dB and NF 4dB

-1
All noise figures are calculated for a base temperature of 25 degrees Celsius.
(a) (5 points) How can you connect these amplifiers (draw the figure) to obtain an
amplifier with the best noise figure and what is the final noise figure of the designed
amplifier?
(b) (5 point) Suppose a signal of 10 MHz bandwidth at −60 dBm is passed through your
designed amplifier. What will be the power of the output signal level and what is
the output SNR? (Take KT = −174 dBm/Hz. Here K is the Boltzman constant
and T = 298 is the temperature in Kelvin.)
6. (15 marks) Army is building a new wireless communication modem and consults you
regarding this (with a lot of money). The following are the specifications of the system
(a) The available bandwidth is 20 MHz.

(b) A data rate of at least 30 Mbps.
(c) The transmission losses through the wireless medium ranges from 85dB (good chan-
nel) to 100dB (bad channel).
(d) Available modulations
i. BPSK
ii. M -QAM with M = 4, 16, 64, 256
(e) Required bit error rate is 10−6 .
(f) Operating frequency 2.2 GHz.
The components available with their specifications are
(a) Low noise amplifier. Gain 22 dB. Noise figure (NF) = 1 dB. (Quantity 1).
(b) Down conversion mixer: This is the passband to baseband converter. The input is
an RF signal and the LO signal. The output is the baseband I and Q signals in the
band of interest. Gain 10 dB. Noise figure (NF) = 3dB.
(c) RF amplifier. Gain 28 dB. NF = 4 dB (Quantity 1).
Please answer the following questions (all answers should be in dBm and dB whenever
applicable). Please use relevant data from above.
(a) (3 points) What should be the minimum transmit power P ∗ to meet the specifications
for any channel?
(b) (1 point) What is the minimum data rate that is guaranteed for any channel with
P ∗ as the transmit power.
(c) (3 points) What is the minimum transmit power to meet the rate and error specifi-
cations for the good channel?
(d) (3 point) What would be the best possible data rate (in Bps) for the P ∗ transmit
power?
-2
0
10
BPSK
4 QAM
16 QAM
64 QAM
256 QAM
-1
10
10 -2
10 -3
BER
10 -4
10 -5
9 dB 13.5 dB 21 dB 27 dB 33 dB
10 -6
X: 14
Y: 5.39e-07
-7
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
SNR: Symbol SNR (dB)
(e) (3 point) Draw the receiver architecture. Expand the block of Down conversion
mixer (passband to baseband converter).
(f) (2 point) What pulse will you be using for the modulation? Specify it entirely.
All noise figures are calculated for a base temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Take KT =
−174 dBm/Hz. Here K is the Boltzman constant and T = 298 is the temperature in
Kelvin. You can use the attached BER versus symbol energy curves.
-3

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EE3005: Communication Systems 9/5/2022

1. (5 marks) Consider the two constellations in the below Figure

(a) Determine the minimum distance for each constellation.

• A1: Gain 20dB and NF 4dB

(a) The available bandwidth is 20 MHz.

The components available with their specifications are

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