Areq

Toe Slab 368.90

Heel slab 584.23
Stem 1710.99

Design of Retaining Wall

Parameter Symbol
1 Given
Height of retaining wall above ground h1
Depth of foundation
Assume foundation depth h2
Cohesion C
Total depth h
Water table height from foundation level
Height of wall above the water table
Angle of shearing resistance ϕ
Inclination of backfill θ
Coefficent of friction µ
Soil bearing capacity qn
Grade of concrete fck
Grade of steel fy
Surcharge pressure ws
Unit weight of concrete γc
Unit weight of water γw
Submerge unit weight of soil γsub
Dry unit weight of soil γdry
Equivalent height of earth as surcharge hs
Total equivalent height H
2 Earth pressure coefficents
Active earth pressure coefficent Ca
Passive earth pressue coefficent Cp
3 Priliminary proportions
Overall depth of retaining wall h
Width of footing B
Width of heel
Thickness of footing base slab
Thickness stem at base
Thickness stem at top
Height of steam
Lenth of toe of wall
Extra height due to inclination H'
 Point where pressure because zero due to earth (2c√k)/(γk)
Net depth where active pressure lies

4 Stability against overturning

Force due to active pressure (per meter)
Due to surcharge Pa1
Due to backfill Pa2
Toatal active pressure Pa
Horizontal component Pacosθ
Vertical component Pasinθ
Overturnig moment Mo
Stabilising moment (about toe) per meter Mr
Distance of resultant vertical force from heel xw

Fs ,overturning 0.9Mr/Mo
5 Soil pressure at footing base
Resultand vertical reaction R
Distance of R form toe LR
Ecentricity e

6e/B
(Qmax should less than Soil bearing pressure), qmax
qmin
6 Stability against sliding
Sliding force Pacosθ
Passive earth pressure Pp
Resisting force F
Lets neglect Passive Earth Pressure,
Fs,sliding 0.9F/Pa

Required passive pressure Pp,r

Provide a shear key of size 200
300
For computing the passive pressure below the toe the overburden of 30
h1
h2
Pp
Fs,sliding 0.9F/Pa
Down ward Pressure
 At toe side
At hill side

7 Design of toe slab

Pressure due to self weight of toe slab+( or tank and backfill)
Assume clear cover
Diameter of bars
Effective depth of toe d
Range of pressure variation
At joint of toe wall and stem
At toe side
Shear force Vu
Moment M
Nominal shear stress τv
From Table 19 of IS456:200, For M20 and τ c 0.32
R Mu/bd2
Pt,req
Area required Areq
Spacing required
Development length Ld
8 Design of heel slab
Load calculation
Overburden+surcharge
Self Weight
Total w
Range of pressure variation
Design share force at rare face of stem varies from
At heel
Shear force Vu
Moment M
Nominal shear stress τv
From Table 19 of IS456:200, For M20 and τ v 0.37
R Mu/bd2
Pt,req
Area required Areq
Spacing required
Development length Ld
9 Design of vertical stem
Height of cantilever above base h
Assumw clear cover
 Diameter of bars
Efffective depth at base
Force due to active pressure (per meter) Pa
Horizontal component Pacosθ
Maximum design moent Mu
R Mu/bd2
Pt,req
Areq
Spacing required
Development length Ld

10 Check for shear at base of stem

Critical section is at d
distance from the top of stem Zs
Shear force at critical section
Horizontal component cosθ

Nominal shear stress τv

τc for given reinforcement percentage 0.39

Temperature and Shinkage reinforcement

Ast
 Spacing Req Development length Bar dia
545.03 752.00 16.00
344.15 752.00 use 1.3 Ld 16.00
183.61 940 20.00

aining Wall
Value Unit

3.77 m
0.62 m
0.40 m
15.00 kN/m2 19.81
4.17 m
1.60 m
2.57 m
30.00 Degree
0.00 Degree
0.40
100.00 kN/m2 200
20.00 Mpa
500.00 MPa
5.00 kN/m2
25.00 kN/m3
9.81 kN/m3
12.50 kN/m3
18.00 kN/m3 3870.000
0.28 m
4.45 m 300

0.33 150.000
3.00
2300.000
4.17 m
2.30 m 0.5H to 0.7H i.e 2.22
0.15 m 0.5B 1.15
300.00 m H/12 0.38
300.00 mm 0.1H or H/12 0.44
200.00 mm Generallly 300mm
3870.00 mm
1.85 m With Toe
0.00 m
 2.89 m
1.28

6.95 kN
17.89 kN in H height of inclined portion considered
24.84 kN
24.84 kN
0.00 kN
24.03 kNm
105.20 kNm Mr=∑M
1.62 m X=∑M/∑W

3.94 Which is all right FOS should >1.4

65.01 kN
1.25 m ∑Mo-Mr/∑W
-0.10 m e= B/2-LR
Which is all right
-0.26
21.00 kN/m2 Which is all right
35.53 kN/m 2
Which is all right

24.84 kN
4.32 kN
26.00 kN µ∑W
Which is all right
0.94 Not Ok FOS should >1.4
Shear key need to be provided
11.37 kN
1.85 m distance from toe

below the toe the overburden of 300mm is usually neglected

0.10
1.37 m
50.27 kN
2.76 Which is all right FOS should >1.4
270.00 kN/m2
80.06 kN/m2

15.00 kN/m2
75.00 mm 24.84
16.00 mm
217.00 mm 15.00

17.69 kN/m2
6.00 kN/m2
29.01 kN/m
25.40 kNm 1.85 0.3
0.13 Mpa 32.69
pt 0.17 21.00 34.59
0.54 MPa
0.13 % -9.75
368.90 mm2/m
545.03 mm 17.69
752.00 mm 6.00

69.66 kN/m2
7.50 kN/m2
77.16 kN/m2

-9.75 kN/m2
-10.69 kN/m2
-2.30 kN/m
-0.18 kNm
-0.01 Mpa
pt 0.27
0.00 MPa
0.00 % SP 16 Table 2
584.23 mm2/m
344.15 mm
752.00 mm

3.87 m
50.00 mm
 20.00 mm
240.00 mm
67.40 kN/m
67.40 kN/m
86.94 kNm
1.51 Mpa
0.38 % SP 16 Table 2
921.22 mm2/m
341.02 mm
940.00 mm

0.24 m
3.63 m
59.30 kN/m
59.30 kN/m

0.25
0.32 Which is All right,

360.00
 sinθ 0
sinϕ 0.5
cosϕ 0.8660254038
cosθ 1
tanθ 0
tanϕ 0.5773502692

0.000

300

3.11

0.38
Pressure calculation
Type Force (kN) Distance from toe (m) Moment (kNm)
Due to soil upto water table
Triangular portion 0.00 1.49 0.00
 Rectangle portion 0.00 0.80 0.00
Due to submerge soil 5.33 0.53 2.84
Due to water 12.56 0.53 6.70

Total 17.89 9.54

Seperator thickness 0.15

Tank width 2.1 Height 1.2
Tank base thickness 0.3 thickness 0.15
Calculate Forces and Moment Acting on the Wall
Type Force (kN) Distance from toe (m) Moment (kNm)
Footing (w1) 17.250 1.150 19.838
Rectangle portion of wall (w2) 19.350 1.950 37.733
Triangular portion of wall (w3) 4.838 1.917 9.272
Weight of backfill soil (w4) 11.20 2.225 24.92
Water tank wall 4.50 0.80 3.60
Water tank seperator 7.88 1.25 9.84
Weigth of inclined slope (w5) 0.000 2.200 0.00
W 65.012 Total 105.20
0.15 for fck 20.00 kN/m2
35.53 Ast τv
0.25 0.36
0.17 0.32
-10.69 0.5 0.49
=

for fck 20.00 kN/m2

Ast τv
0.25 0.36
0.27 0.37
0.5 0.49
 Areq
Toe Slab 1108.12
Heel slab 584.23
Stem 1710.99

Design of Retaining Wall

Parameter Symbol
1 Given
Height of retaining wall above ground h1
Depth of foundation
Assume foundation depth h2
Cohesion C
Total depth h
Water table height from foundation level
Height of wall above the water table
Angle of shearing resistance ϕ
Inclination of backfill θ
Coefficent of friction µ
Soil bearing capacity qn
Grade of concrete fck
Grade of steel fy
Surcharge pressure ws
Unit weight of concrete γc

Unit weight of water γw

Submerge unit weight of soil γsub
Dry unit weight of soil γdry
Equivalent height of earth as surcharge hs
Total equivalent height H
2 Earth pressure coefficents
Active earth pressure coefficent Ca
Passive earth pressue coefficent Cp
3 Priliminary proportions
Overall depth of retaining wall h
Width of footing B
Width of heel
Thickness of footing base slab
Thickness stem at base
Thickness stem at top
Height of steam
 Lenth of toe of wall
Extra height due to inclination H'
Point where pressure because zero due to earth (2c√k)/(γk)
Net depth where active pressure lies
4 Stability against overturning
Force due to active pressure (per meter)
Due to surcharge Pa1
Due to backfill Pa2
Toatal active pressure Pa
Horizontal component Pacosθ
Vertical component Pasinθ
Overturnig moment Mo
Stabilising moment (about toe) per meter Mr
Distance of resultant vertical force from heel xw

Fs ,overturning 0.9Mr/Mo
5 Soil pressure at footing base
Resultand vertical reaction R
Distance of R form toe LR
Ecentricity e

6e/B
(Qmax should less than Soil bearing pressure), qmax
qmin
6 Stability against sliding
Sliding force Pacosθ
Passive earth pressure Pp
Resisting force F
Let's neglect Passive Earth Pressure,
Fs,sliding 0.9F/Pa

Required passive pressure Pp,r

Provide a shear key of size200
300
For computing the passive pressure below the toe the overburden of 30
h1
h2
 Pp
Fs,sliding 0.9F/Pa
Down ward Pressure
At toe side
At hill side

7 Design of toe slab

Pressure due to self weight of toe slab+( or tank and backfill)
Assume clear cover
Diameter of bars
Effective depth of toe d
Range of pressure variation
At joint of toe wall and stem
At toe side
Shear force Vu
Moment M
Nominal shear stress τv
From Table 19 of IS456:200, For M20 and τc 0.32
R Mu/bd2
Pt,req
Area required Areq
Spacing required
Development length Ld
8 Design of heel slab
Load calculation
Overburden+surcharge
Self Weight
Total w
Range of pressure variation
Design share force at rare face of stem varies from
At heel
Shear force Vu
Moment M
Nominal shear stress τv
From Table 19 of IS456:200, For M20 and τv 0.37
R Mu/bd2
Pt,req
Area required Areq
Spacing required
 Development length Ld
9 Design of vertical stem
Height of cantilever above base h
Assumw clear cover
Diameter of bars
Efffective depth at base
Force due to active pressure (per meter) Pa
Horizontal component Pacosθ
Maximum design moent Mu
R Mu/bd2
Pt,req
Areq
Spacing required
Development length Ld

10 Check for shear at base of stem

Critical section is at d
distance from the top of stem Zs
Shear force at critical section
Horizontal component cosθ

Nominal shear stress τv

τc for given reinforcement percentage 0.39

Temperature and Shinkage reinforcement

Ast
 Spacing Req Development length Bar dia
181.44 752.00 16.00
344.15 752.00 use 1.3 Ld 16.00
183.61 940 20.00

taining Wall
Value Unit

3.77 m
0.62 m
0.40 m
15.00 kN/m2
4.17 m
1.60 m
2.57 m
30.00 Degree
0.00 Degree
0.40
100.00 kN/m2 200
20.00 Mpa
500.00 MPa
5.00 kN/m2
25.00 kN/m3
9.81 kN/m3
12.50 kN/m3
18.00 kN/m3 3870.000
0.28 m
4.45 m 300

0.33 150.000
3.00
2300.000
4.17 m
2.30 m 0.5H to 0.7H i.e 2.22
0.15 m 0.5B 1.15
300.00 m H/12 0.38
300.00 mm 0.1H or H/12 0.44
200.00 mm Generallly 300mm
3870.00 mm
 1.85 m With Toe
0.00 m
2.89 m
1.28

6.95 kN
17.89 kN in H height of inclined portion considered
24.84 kN
24.84 kN
0.00 kN
24.03 kNm
131.80 kNm Mr=∑M
1.37 m X=∑M/∑W

4.94 Which is all right FOS should >1.4

95.93 kN
1.12 m ∑Mo-Mr/∑W
0.03 m e= B/2-LR
Which is all right
0.07
44.59 kN/m2 Which is all right
38.82 kN/m 2
Which is all right

24.84 kN
4.32 kN
38.37 kN µ∑W
Which is all right
1.39 Not Ok FOS should >1.4
Shear key need to be provided
0.24 kN
1.85 m distance from toe

below the toe the overburden of 300mm is usually neglected

0.10
1.37 m
 50.27 kN
3.21 Which is all right FOS should >1.4

270.00 kN/m2
80.06 kN/m2

7.50 kN/m2
75.00 mm 24.84
16.00 mm
217.00 mm 7.50

32.45 kN/m2
37.09 kN/m2
85.17 kN/m
91.24 kNm 1.85 0.3
0.39 Mpa 39.95
pt 0.17 44.59 39.20
1.94 MPa
0.51 % -14.36
1108.12 mm2/m
181.44 mm 32.45
752.00 mm 37.09

69.66 kN/m2
7.50 kN/m2
77.16 kN/m2

-14.36 kN/m2
-13.98 kN/m2
-3.19 kN/m
-0.24 kNm
-0.01 Mpa
pt 0.27
-0.01 MPa
0.00 % SP 16 Table 2
584.23 mm2/m
344.15 mm
752.00 mm

3.87 m
50.00 mm
20.00 mm
240.00 mm
67.40 kN/m
67.40 kN/m
86.94 kNm
1.51 Mpa
0.38 % SP 16 Table 2
921.22 mm /m
2

341.02 mm
940.00 mm

0.24 m
3.63 m
59.30 kN/m
59.30 kN/m

0.25
0.32 Which is All right,

360.00
sinθ 0
sinϕ 0.5
cosϕ 0.8660254038
cosθ 1
tanθ 0
tanϕ 0.5773502692

0.000

300

3.11

0.38
Pressure calculation
Type Force (kN) Distance from toe (m) Moment (kNm)
 Due to soil upto water table
Triangular portion 0.00 1.49 0.00
Rectangle portion 0.00 0.80 0.00
Due to submerge soil 5.33 0.53 2.84
Due to water 12.56 0.53 6.70

Total 17.89 9.54

n considered
Height 1.3

Calculate Forces and Moment Acting on the Wall

Type Force (kN) Distance from toe (m)Moment (kNm)
Footing (w1) 17.250 1.150 19.838
Rectangle portion of wall (w2) 19.350 1.950 37.733
Triangular portion of wall (w3) 4.838 1.917 9.272
Weight of backfill soil (w4) 11.20 2.225 24.92
Load due to weight of passive so 43.29 0.93 40.04
Weigth of inclined slope (w5) 0.000 2.200 0.00
W 95.927 Total 131.80
0.15 for fck 20.00 kN/m2
38.82 Ast τv
0.25 0.36
0.17 0.32
-13.98 0.5 0.49
=

for fck 20.00 kN/m2

Ast τv
0.25 0.36
0.27 0.37
0.5 0.49