Set Theory - 2

LRDI - 11
CEX-D-0283/22

Number of Questions : 25

Directions for questions 1 to 4: Answer the 3. If the number of students in either Physics
questions on the basis of the information given below. or Chemistry or both in class 11th is x and in
class 12th is y, then value of x is how much
In class 11th, each of the 72 students study at least more than value of y?
one of the three subjects: Math, Physics and
Chemistry. In the next year they all promoted to 4. How many students study Physics and at
class 12th and some of these students changed least one more subject in class 12th?
their subjects among same three areas. It is further
(1) 17 (2) 18
known that:
(3) 19 (4) Cannot be determined
I. In class 11th the number of students studying
only Math, only Physics and only Chemistry
were 3 consecutive integers in increasing Directions for questions 5 to 8: Answer the
order but in 12th class the same 3 areas were questions on the basis of the information given below.
the same 3 consecutiv e int egers in
decreasing order. Exactly the same property Three projects: Lakshay, Moksha and Naksha are
with some other 3 consecutive integers was handled by a company having 50 employees.
true for three other respective areas i.e. only Each employee is working with one or more projects.
Physics and Chemistry, only Math and The number of employees working in Lakshay only
Chemistry and only Math and Physics. and Lakshay with exactly one more project is in the
II. In class 11th, 3 students studied all 3 subjects ratio 2 : 3. The number of employees working in
whereas 12 students study Math and Naksha only and Moksha only is in the ratio 3 : 4.
Physics. No employee works in all three projects and exactly
27 employees work in exact ly 2 projects.
1. What is the difference between the number The number of employees working in Naksha and
of students studying Math in 11th and 12th? Moksha is thrice the number of employees working
(1) 0 (2) 2 in Naksha and Lakshay.
(3) 4 (4) 6
5. How many employees work in Moksha only?
2. How many students who were studying only
Physics in 11th started studying at least one
more subject in 12th? 6. How many employees work in Naksha?
(1) 0 (2) 2 (1) 7 (2) 16
(3) 4 (4) Cannot be determined (3) 41 (4) Cannot be determined

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7. How many employees work in Lakshay and at least one more project?
(1) 5
(2) 15
(3) 24
(4) 40

8. Maximum number of employees work in

(1) Lakshay
(2) Moksha
(3) Naksha
(4) Lakshay and Moksha both

Directions for questions 9 to 12: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

A and B are two sets (e.g. A = Mothers, B = Women). The elements that could belong to both the sets (e.g.
women who are mothers) is given by the set C = A . B. The elements which could belong to either A or B,
or both, is indicated by the set D = A  B . A set that does not contain any elements is known as a null set
represented by  (e.g. if none of the women in the set B is a mother, then C = A .B is a null set, or C =  ).
Let ‘V’ signify the set of all vertebrates, ‘M’ the set of all mammals, ‘D’ dogs, ‘F’ fish, ‘A’ alsatian and ‘P’,
a dog named Pluto.

9. Given that X = M .D is such that X = D. Mark all the options which are true?
(1) All dogs are mammals
(2) Some dogs are mammals
(3) X = 
(4) All mammals are dogs

10. If Y = F . (D . V) is not a null set, it implies that

(1) all fish are vertebrates
(2) all dogs are vertebrates
(3) some fish are dogs
(4) None of these

11. If Z = (P . D)  M, then
(1) The elements of Z consist of Pluto, the dog, or any other mammal
(2) Z implies any dog or mammal
(3) Z implies Pluto or any dog that is a mammal
(4) Z is a null set

12. If P . A =  and P  A = D, then which of the following is true?

(1) Pluto and alsatians are dogs
(2) Pluto is an alsatian
(3) Pluto is not an alsatian
(4) D is a null set

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Directions for questions 13 to 16: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

In a school, students like four different actors – Aamir Khan, Shahrukh Khan, Salman Khan and Akshay
Kumar. 17% of the students in the school don’t like any of these four actors. Number of students liking
these four actors are

Aamir Khan 385

Shahrukh Khan 335
Salman Khan 335
Akshay Kumar 375
The number of students liking exactly two actors for any combination of two actors is 60. There are 80
students who like all the four actors but there is no such student who likes exactly three out of these four
actors.

13. How many students do not like any of these four actors?
(1) 130 (2) 136 (3) 170 (4) 152

14. Approximately what percentage of the students liking Shahrukh Khan also like atleast one other
actor?
(1) 77.6% (2) 77.4% (3) 77.8% (4) 78%

15. If all the students in the school including these who do not like any actor, start liking atleast one
actor, which he/she is not liking at the present, then what could be the least number of students
liking all the four actors?
(1) 80 (2) 70 (3) 60 (4) 50

16. What is the number of students liking exactly one actor?

(1) 350 (2) 375 (3) 390 (4) 420

Directions for questions 17 to 20: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

Some students appeared for a test having 4 sections: QA, LR, DI and VA. Every student clears the cut-
off in one or more of these sections. 43, 42, 36 and 35 students cleared the cut-off of QA, LR, DI and VA
respectively. Further it is known that:
I. 11, 12, 13 and 14 students cleared the cut-off in at least 2 more sections apart from DI, LR, VA and
QA respectively.
II. The number of students who cleared the cut-off of QA and LR only is equal to those who cleared the
cut-off of DI and VA only which is two more than those who cleared the cut-off of QA, LR and DI
only.
III. The number of people who cleared the cut-off in QA and exactly one more section is equal to those
who cleared cut-off in LR and exactly one more section but is 2 less than those who cleared cut-
off in VA and exactly one more section.
IV. 15 students cleared the cut-off of QA only, 6 students cleared the cut-off of VA only, 4 students
cleared the cut-off of LR and QA only whereas 6 students cleared the cut-off of LR and DI only.

17. How many students cleared the cut-off in more than 2 sections?

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18. How many students cleared the cut-off in QA and LR but not in DI?

19. How many students cleared cut-off in all 4 sections?

20. What is the difference between the number of students who cleared cut-off in exactly one section
and those who cleared cut-off in exactly 3 sections?

Directions for questions 21 to 25: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

The 2016 batch of a premier B- school in India fared poorly in the three courses namely Statistics, Economics
and Business Maths in their first semester examinations. The batch was divided into four sections A, B, C
and D and every student in the batch wrote the examination on each of the three mentioned courses. The
following bar graph provides information about the number of students who failed in each of the courses in
the four sections. It also provides information about the total number of students and the number of students
who failed in two courses in each of the four sections. No student failed in all the three courses.
160
139
140
Number of Students

115
120
99 A
100
B
80
61 60 65 C
56 56
60 48 45 49
39 43 D
37
40 28 24 26
19 23 21
20
0
Failed in Failed in Failed in Failed in Two Total number
Statistics Economics Business courses of students
Maths

21. In section A, how many students failed in only one course?

(1) 61 (2) 62 (3) 63 (4) 64 (5) 65

22. In section C, how many students failed in atleast one course?

(1) 102 (2) 96 (3) 95 (4) 107 (5) 89

23. How many students in the 2016 batch passed in all the three courses?
(1) 58 (2) 61 (3) 62 (4) 64 (5) 67

24. Across all the four sections at most how many students failed only in Statistics?
(1) 171 (2) 179 (3) 161 (4) 175 (5) 144

25. Across all the four sections at most how many students passed in both Statistics and Business
Maths?
(1) 121 (2) 136 (3) 153 (4) 197 (5) 217

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 LRDI - 11 CEX-D-0283/22
Answers and Explanations

1 1 2 4 3 2 4 3 5 4 6 1 7 3 8 1 9 2, 4 10 3
11 1 12 3 13 3 14 1 15 1 16 3 17 15 18 8 19 5 20 40
21 3 22 1 23 2 24 5 25 4

For questions 1 to 4: 3. 2
Let the number of students studying only Math, only Physics
and only Chemistry be a, a + 1 and a + 2 respectively in class 4. 3
11th and hence a + 2, a + 1 and a in class 12th. Similarly let the
number of students studying Physics and Chemistry only, For questions 5 to 8:
Math and Chemistry only and Math and Physics only be b, Let 2x number of employees work in Lakshay only.
b + 1 and b + 2 in class 11th and b + 2, b + 1 and b in class 12th. Hence, 3x employees will work in Lakshay and Moksha or
Lakshay and Naksha. Also, let a number of employees work
th th
11 12 in Lakshay and Naksha so, 3x – a work with Lakshay and
Math Physics Math Physics Moksha. Also, let 4y and 3y number of employees work in
Moksha only and Naksha only. The venn diagram looks like:

a b+2 a+1 a+2 b a+1 Lakshay Moksha

3x-a
2x 4y
c c
b+1 b b+1 b+2 0
a 3a
a+2 a 3y Naksha
Chemistry Chemistry
Now, 2x + 3y + 4y = 23 i.e. 2x + 7y = 23.
Using the statement II and the information above we can solve Here either x = 1, y = 3 OR x = 8, y = 1.
the data as: Also, 3x + 3a = 27 i.e. x + a = 9.
c = 3, b + 2 + c = 12 i.e. b = 7. Also, sum of all numbers is 72. Hence either x = 1, a = 8 OR x = 8, a = 1.
So, a + a + 1 + a + 2 + b + b + 1 + b + 2 + c = 72. Hence, a = 14. As 3x – a must be positive, x = 8 and a = 1 is the only viable
The final venn diagram looks like: solution. The final venn diagram looks like:
Math Physics Math Physics
Lakshay Moksha
23
16 4
9 7
14 15 16 15
0
3 3 1 3
8 7 8 9
3 Naksha
16 14

Chemistry Chemistry 5. 4

6. 1
1. 1
7. 3
2. 4 (As we do not know how many students changed
from a subject to other) 8. 1

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9. 2, 4 Here, X = M.D denotes the elements which could belong Number of students liking only Akshay Kumar
to either mammals or dogs or both. = 375 – 3 × 60 – 80 = 115
Again, X = D denotes the elements which belong to  Total number of students liking axactly one actor
dogs. This can be denoted as = 125 + 75 + 75 + 115 = 390
Total number of students liking exactly two actors
= 60 × 6 = 360
D Total number of students liking exactly three actors
= 0 (given)
Total number of students liking exactly four actors
M = 80
 Total number of students liking atleast 1 actor
= 390 + 360 + 80 = 830
Now, 830 represents 83% of the total number of
Thus, option (2) and (4) are both correct.
students.
 Total number of students = 1000
10. 3 Y  F  (D  V ) is not a null set means some F’s are Number of students who do not like any actor
D’s and sum D’s are V’s . = 1000 – 830 = 170
This implies some fish are dogs. So, we can make a Venn-diagram for it.

11. 1 Z = (P  D)  M Aamir Khan Shahrukh Khan

P  D means Pluto, the dog.
125 60 75
(P  D)  M means Pluto, the dog or any other mammal.
60 0 60 75 Salman Khan
12. 3 P.A =  ; P  A = D 0 86 0 60
P  A =  means no alsatian is Pluto or Pluto is not an 60 0 60 115 Akshay Kumar
alsatian where dogs are composed of alsatian or Pluto
or both.

13. 3 170
For questions 13 to 16:
Out of 6 actors, liking exactly 2 actors is possible in 6 different
14. 1 Number of students liking Shahrukh Khan and atleast
combinations i.e. 4C2 = 6
1 more actor.
They are Aamir and Shahrukh, Aamir and Salman, Aamir and
= students liking exactly 2 actors (including Shahrukh
Akshay, Salman and Shahrukh, Salman and Akshay, Shahrukh
Khan) + students liking all 4 actors.
and Akshay i.e. each actor appears 3 times in these 6
= 3 × 60 + 80 = 260
combinations.
Now, number of students liking for each of these pair is 60, 260
 Required percentage =  100  77.6% .
so total 60 × 6 = 360 students like exactly 2 actors. 335
Also, no one likes 3 out of 4 actors and 80 students like all the
4 actors.
15. 1 Least increase in the number of students who like all
Now, to get the number of students liking one particular actor
four actors will came only if each student likes exactly
alone, we have to subtract 3 times 60 (as mentioned above
1 more actor. But since the number of students who
that each actor occurs 3 times in total 6 combinations),
like exactly 3 actors is zero, there will not be any
and also we have to subtract 80, which is the number of
addition to the figure of 80 students who like all 4
students liking all 4 actors.
actors.
 Number of students liking only Aamir Khan
 Hence the answer is 80.
= 385 – 3 × 60 – 80 = 125
Number of students liking only Shahrukh Khan
16. 3 As per the above Venn diagram, Number of students
= 335 – 3 × 60 – 80 = 75
liking exactly 1 actor
Number of students liking only Salman Khan
= 125 + 75 + 75 + 115 = 390.
= 335 – 3 × 60 – 80 = 75

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For questions 17 to 20: QA = 43 LR = 42
Total number of students who cleared cut-off of the subjects
are given. After reading all the statements in question, we 15 4 16
can see (IV) statement provide us with the most data. i.e.,
only QA = 15, only VA = 6, only (LR and QA) = 4, only (LR and 2 2 6 13 DI = 36
DI) = 6.
Now statement (II) says, 3 5 1 4
only (QA and LR) = only (DI and VA)
= only (QA, LR and VA) = 4 8 4 4 6 VA = 35
[As given in statement (IV), for only (QA and LR)]
So, using these two, we can fill our diagram, and assign
some variables in some portions used in statement (III). 17. 15

QA = 43 LR = 42 18. 8

15 4 19. 5

a 6 DI = 36 20. 40

4 21. 3 In Section A:
Number of students who failed in only one course
b 4 c 6 VA = 35 = (56 + 45 + 60 – 2 × 49) = 63.

22. 1 In Section C:
Using statement (III), Number of students who failed in at least one course
in QA and exactly one more means only (QA + LR) + only = (28 + 61 + 56 – 2 × 43) + 43 = 102.
(QA + DI) + only (QA + VA) = only (LR + QA) + only (LR + DI)
+ only (LR + VA) 23. 2 In Section A:
= only (VA + LR) + only (VA + QA) + only (VA + DI) – 2 Number of such students = 115 – (56 + 45 + 60 – 49) = 3
4+a+b =4+6+c=c +b+4–2 In Section B:
Solving it, we get b = 8 and c = a + 2 Number of such students = 99 – (48 + 23 + 39 – 26)
i.e., = 15
In Section C:
QA LR Number of such students = 139 – (28 + 61 + 56 – 43)
= 37
15 4 s In Section D:
Number of such students = 65 – (19 + 24 + 37 – 21)
a t 6 x DI =6
Therefore, total number of students that have passed
u v w 4 in all the three courses = 3 + 15 + 37 + 6 = 61.
VA
8 4 a+2 6 24. 5 In order to find the answer to the question we need to
maximise the number of students who failed only in
Statistics.
Using statement (I), In Section A:
u + v + w + t = 11 … (i) Out of the 49 students who failed in two courses, let
t + v + w + 4 = 12 … (ii) us assume that 45 students failed in Economics and
u=3 Business Maths.
u + v + w + 4 = 13 … (iii) This means that 49 – 45 = 4 students failed in Statistics
(iii) and (i)  t = 2 and Business Maths.
u + v + t + 4 = 14 … (iv) So, maximum possible number of students who failed
(iv) and (i)  w = 1 only in Statistics = 56 – 4 = 52.
v=5 In Section B:
Now, using the total students given in each subject, we can Following the same logic as given for Section A, at
calculate values of a, s and x also. So, final arrangement is most 48 – 3 = 45 students failed only in Statistics.

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 In Section C: In Section A:
Out of the 43 students who failed in two courses, let Out of the 49 students who failed in two courses, let
us assume that all 43 failed in Economics and Business us assume that 49 students failed in BM & Statistics.
Maths. Maximum possible no. of students who failed only on
Therefore a maximum of 28 students failed only in Economics is 45.
Statistics. In Section B:
In Section D: Similarly in section B maximum possible no of students
Out of the 21 students who failed in two courses, let who failed only in Economics is 23.
us assume that all 21 failed in Economics and Business In Section C:
Maths. Out of the 43 students who failed in two courses, let
us assume that 28 students failed in BM & Statistics.
Therefore a maximum of 19 students failed only in
This means that 43 – 28 = 15 students failed in
Statistics.
Economics and one of the other course.
Hence, across all four sections maximum of 52 + 45 +
Maximum possible no. of students who failed only on
28 + 19 = 144 studetns failed in Statistics only.
Economics is 61–15 = 46
In Section D:
25. 4 No. of students who passed in Statistics and BM is Following the same logic as given for section C, at
equivalent to no of students who failed only in most (24 – (21 – 19)) =22
Economics & the no of students who passed in all the So across all the four sections the number of students
three subjects. who passed in statistics and BM
= (45 + 23 + 46 + 22) + 61 = 197.

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