READING ► following ideas

VOCABULARY ► using the dictionary: verb complements

GRAMMAR ► passive voice to focus information
WRITING ► connecting information
Urban Planning

UNIT QUESTION

What makes
a public place
appealing?

A Discuss these questions with your classmates.

1. What public places do you spend time in (for example, parks,

libraries, banks, or malls)?

2. Does your hometown or the town where you are living now
have many public places you can walk to? What are they?

3. Look at the photo . How can art affect a public place like a
subway station? Why would a city plan a station like this?

f) B Listen to TheQ Classroomonline. Then answer these

questions.

1. How did the students answer the question?

2. Do you agree with their ideas? Why or why not?

iQr,j§i!i§h•
C Go to the Online Discussion Board to discuss the Unit
Question with your classmates.

126 UNIT 5
 UNIT ............ Read an article from The Economist and an article from
OBJECTIVE yy" The New York Times. Gather information and ideas to
write an analysis essay that evaluates a public place
and suggests how it may be improved.
 D If you were designing a new library for your town or school, how
important would each feature be? Complete the questionnaire .
Circle the number that best corresponds to your opinion, from 1
(Not at all important) to 5 (Very important).

·What -d~ y~u,,wa~:{1~''",--/ - --~~

your new library?

Not at all Very

Feature important (1)➔ important (5)
1. Wireless Internet (WiFi) access 2 3 4 5

2. Lots of windows and views 2 3 4 5

3. E-books and tablets 2 3 4 5

4. Places to work in a group 2 3 4 5

5. Coffee shop 2 3 4 5

6. Access to public transportation 2 3 4 5

7. Bright colors 2 3 4 5

8. Your idea : 2 3 4 5

Write your three most important features:

E In a group, discuss your answers for Activity D and explain the reasons
for your choices. As a group, agree on the three most important features.
Present your group's top three features to the class.

128 UNIT 5 I What makes a public place appealing?

,..l[. t..
~ r: READING

READING 1 I The New Oases

UNIT Iii... You are going to read an article from the news magazine The Economist
OBJECTIVE
that describes a change in the design of public places caused by modern
technology and lifestyles. Use the article to gather information and ideas
for your Unit Assignment.

ReadingSkill :-°Following
,i~e~s
-
~
When you read longer texts from newspapers, magazines, and books, you often
have to follow complicated ideas and understand how the ideas develop. It is
important not just to recognize these ideas, but also to understand how they
connect to present a story or argument. Here are some tips that can help you
follow ideas through a text:
When you see a pronoun (it, they, them, her, who, which, etc.), make sure you
know the referent (the noun that the pronoun replaces). Find the referent by
scanning back in the text.

[ The new library is a beautiful building. It is light, open, and welcoming.

Demonstrative pronouns such as this and these usually refer to the last idea, not
just the last noun (for example, the last sentence or the entire last paragraph).
Stop and ask yourself this question: What was the idea?

[ Many students rely on their laptops. his means that they can work anywhere.

A sentence or paragraph might begin with a word or phrase that acts as a

summary of the previous idea. Often, the word is a different part of speech (for
example, a noun instead of a verb).
When you see a summary word or phrase, check that you understood the last
idea and expect examples, supporting details, or a new topic to come next. In this
example, "This shift" refers to the change in the design of public buildings. Details
regarding the change follow.

[ The design of public buildings has changed. his shif can be seen
everywhere, from university libraries to public parks.

~~ I Reading and Writing 129

Critical Thinking (. A. Read the paragraph about an urban designer named Ray Oldenburg.
Activity A asks Write the referent below each bold word or phrase.
you to recognize
the referent for
each pronoun. Ray Oldenburg is an urban sociologist from Florida who writes about the
To understand 1
complicated texts,
Oldenburg
you must understand
prior information
and apply your
importance of informal public gathering places. In his book The Great Good
2
knowledge of
grammar.

Place, Oldenburg demonstrates why these places are essential to community

3

and public life. The book argues that coffee shops, general stores, and other
4

"third places" (in contrast to the first and second places of home and work)

are central to improving communities. By exploring how these places work

5

and what roles they serve, Oldenburg offers tools and insight for individuals
6

and communities everywhere.

Source: Adapted from Ray Oldenburg. Project for Public Spaces. Retrieved October 12,2010, from http://www.pps.org/
roldenburg.

B. Complete each second sentence with a noun from the box. Your choices should
reflect the meaning of the phrases in bold in the first sentence.

concept spaces problem shift term I

1. In recent years, more effort has gone into the design of public places. These
________ function as an alternative to the home and the office.

2. Today, more people are using smart phones and tablet computers for business.
This ________ makes the traditional office seem old-fashioned.

3. It has been nearly two decades since Oldenburg first used the expression third
places. Since then, many companies have used the ________ to
describe their stores and restaurants.
130 UNIT 5 I What makes a public place appealing?
 4. Oldenburg believes that third places could strengthen a community.
This ________ has been a powerful motivation for many urban

planners.

5. Sometimes people in third places interact with just their computers,

not other people. Some cafe owners are trying to solve this

iQ k•W!@l
j C. Go on line for more practice following ideas.

PREVIEW THE READING

A. 1Q;j@i4N
Look at the photograph on page 133. It shows the Stata
Center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT}, a university
in the US. What do you think people do in this building? Write three
predictions. After you have read the article, check to see if your
predictions were correct.

1.

2.

3.

B. m•)Mi%hH
What makes public places like university buildings and
libraries attractive and functional for you? Write for 5-10 minutes in
response. Remember to use this section for your Unit Assignment.

Check(✓} the words you know. Then work with a partner

C. VOCABULARY
to locate each word in the reading. Use clues to help define the words
you don't know. Check your definitions in the dictionary.

controversy (n.) in decline (phr.) neutral (adj.)

encounter (v.) I' intentionally (adv.) nomadic (adj.)
form bonds (phr.) isolated (adj.) pop up (phr. v.)
hybrid (adj.) mingle (v.) specialized (adj.)

j' Oxford 3000 'Mwords

iQr,,U!WI
I D. Go Online to listen and practice your pronunciation.

E~ I Reading and Writing 131

 WORK WITH THE READING
@ A. Readthe articleand gather informationon what makesa public placeappealing.

TheNewOases
Frank Gehry, a celebrity architect, likes to cause The fact that people are no longer tied to
3

aesthetic controversy, and his Stata Center at specific places for functions such as studying or
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) learning, says Mr. Mitchell, means that there is
did the trick. Opened in 2004 and housing MIT's "a huge drop in demand for traditional, private,
computer -science and philosophy departments enclosed spaces " such as offices or classrooms ,
behind its fac;:ade1 of bizarre angles and windows, and simultaneously "a huge rise in demand
it has become a new landmark. But the building 's for semi-public spaces that can be informally
most radical innovation is on the inside. The entire appropriated to ad-hoc3 workspaces. " This shift ,
structure was conceived with the nomadic he th inks, amounts to the biggest change in
lifestyles of modern students and faculty in mind. architecture in this century. In the 20th century,
Stata, says William Mitchell , a professor of architectu re was about specialized structures-
architecture and computer science at MIT who offices for working, cafeterias for eating, and
worked with Mr. Gehry on the center 's design , so forth. This was necessary because workers
was conceived as a new kind of "hybrid space. " needed to be near things such as landline
2 This is best seen in the building 's "student phones, fax machines , and f!ling cabinets.
street," an interior passage that twists and 4 The new architecture, says Mr. Mitchell, will
meanders through the "make spaces intentionally multifunctional. "
comple x and is open to Architects are thinking about
the public 24 hours a day. light , air, trees , and gardens ,
It is dotted with nooks " Flexibility
is what all in the service of human
and crannies 2 • Cafes and separates successful connections. Buildings will
lounges are interspersed have much more varied
spacesandcitiesfrom
with work desks and shapes than before. For
unsuccessful ones." instance, people working on
whiteboards , and there
is free Wi-Fi everywhere. laptops and tablets find it
Students , teachers , and visitors are cramming comforting to have their backs
for exams , napping, instant -messaging , to a wall , so hybrid spaces may become
researching, reading, and discussing . No part curvier, with more nooks , in order to maximize
of the student street is physically specialized the surface area of their inner walls.
for any of these activities. Instead , every bit s This "fle xibility is what separates successful
of it can instantaneously become the venue spaces and cities from unsuccessful ones ,"
for a seminar , a snack , or relaxation . says Anthony Townsend, an urban planner at

1 fac,:ade: the 3 ad hoc: arranged or happen ing when necessar y an d not

fron t of a bui lding
2 nook sand cranni es: sma ll, quiet places that are sheltered or · plann ed in advance
hidd en from ot her peo ple

132 UNIT 5 I What makes a public place appea ling?

 the Institute for the Future. America's, were moving only
Almost any public space between their first and second
can assume some of these places, making extra stops only
features. For example, a at alienating 6 and anonymous
not-for-profit organization in locations such as malls, which
New York has turned Bryant in Mr. Oldenburg's opinion fail
Park, a once-derelict 4 but as third places. Society, Mr.
charming garden in front of Oldenburg feared, was at risk
the city 's public library, into of coming unstuck without
a hybrid space popular with these venues for spreading
office workers. The park 's ideas and forming bonds.
managers noticed that a lot s No sooner was the term
of visitors were using mobile coined than big business
phones and laptops in the queued up to claim that it was
park, so they installed Wi- building new third places. The
Fi and added some chairs most prominent was Starbucks,
with foldable lecture desks . a chain of coffee houses that
The idea was not to distract interior "student street" of the Stata Center started in Seattle and is now
people from the flowers of MIT
hard to avoid anywhere.
but to let them customize Starbucks admits that as it went global, it lost
their little bit of the park. its ambiance 7 of a "home away from home."
6 The academic name for such spaces is However, it has also spotted a new opportunity
third places, a term originally coined by the in catering to nomads. Its branches offer not
sociologist Ray Oldenburg in his 1989 book only sofas but also desks with convenient
The Great Good Place. At the time, long before electricity sockets. Bookshops are also offering
mobile technologies became widespread , Mr. "more coffee and crumbs, " as Mr. Oldenburg
Oldenburg wanted to distinguish between the puts it , as are YMCAs8 and public libraries.
sociological functions of people's first places 9 But do these oases for nomads actually play the
(their homes), their second places (offices), and social role of third places? James Katz at Rutgers
the public spaces that serve as safe, neutral, and University fears that cyber-nomads are "hollowing
informal meeting points. As Mr. Oldenburg saw it, them out. " It is becoming commonplace for a cafe
a good third place makes admission free or to be full of people with headphones on, speaking
cheap-the price of a cup of coffee, say-offers on their mobile phones or laptops and hacking
creature comforts5, is within walking distance away at their keyboards , more engaged with their
for a particular neighborhood , and draws a group email inbox than with the people touching their
of regulars. elbows. These places are "physically inhabited
7 Mr. Oldenburg's thesis was that third places but psychologically evacuated," says Mr. Katz,
were in general decline. More and more people, which leaves people feeling "more isolated than
especially in suburban societies such as they would be if the cafe were merely empty."

4
derelict: not used or cared for and in bad condition 6
alienating: making you feel as if you do not belong
5 creature comforts: things that make life, or a particular 7 ambiance: the characte r and atmosphere of a place
place, comfortab le, such as good food, comfortab le (also ambienc e)
furniture , or modern equipm ent 8 YMCA (The Young Men's Christian Association): an
association-run community and sports center

~m I Readingand Writing 133

 also planning to turn his cafe into an online social
A Third Place ... network so that patrons opening their browsers
is not expensive, or is free; to connect encounter a welcome page that asks
usually offers food or drink; them to fill out a short profile and then see
is easily accessible to many people; information about the people at the other tables.

has "regulars" (people who go there often); 11 As more third places pop up and spread,
they also change entire cities. Just as buildings
has a friendly atmosphere; and
during the 20th century were specialized by
is a good place to meet old friends and function, towns were as well, says Mr. Mitchell.
new people. Suburbs were for living, downtowns for working,
and other areas for playing. But urban nomads
10 Many cafe owners are trying to deal with this make districts, like buildings , multifunctional.
problem. Christopher Waters, the owner of the Parts of town that were monocultures, he says,
Nomad Cafe in Oakland, regularly hosts poetry gradually become "fine-grained mixed-use
readings, and he actually turns off the Wi-Fi at neighborhoods" more akin 9 in human terms to
those times so that people mingle more. He is pre-industrial villages than to modern suburbs.

9 akin: similar to

B. VOCABULARY Here are some words and phrases from Reading 1. Read
the sentences. Circle the answer that best matches the meaning of each
bold word or phrase.

Vocabulary 1. Frank Gehry likes to create controversy to get people discussing his
Skill Review challenging, modern style of architecture.
In Unit 4, you learned
a. fun b. disagreement c. harmony
about prefixes
that change the
meaning of words. 2. College students lead a nomadic lifestyle; every day they move among
Which words in dormitorie s, classroom buildings , and libraries.
Activity B can you a. traveling often b. being busy c. working hard
modify with a prefix
to give them the
opposite meaning?
3. The new building is a hybrid space suitable for both work and play.
a. different b. mixed-u se c. beautiful

4. The building 's design is not specialized, so it can easily be adapted to

different purposes.
a. made for a b. unu sual c. finished
particular use

5. To create a sense of community, city officials intentionally created a place

where people could sit and work during their lunch hour.
a. then b. accidentally c. deliberately

134 UNIT 5 I What makes a public place appealing?

 6. A good public space should be safe, neutral , and informal.
a. brightly colored b. open only for c. open for
some people all people

7. The city needs to spend more money downtown because many older
buildings are in decline.
a. being offered for sale b. getting worse c. being used

8. A community is stronger when people care about each other and form bonds .
a. work together b. play sports c. develop relationships

9. Customers in many coffee shops never talk to other people there, so they
feel isolated.
a. alone b. intelligent c. private

10. In good public places, people can mingle, getting to know new people if
they want.
a. sit together b. make noise c. mix and chat

11. If possible, architects should design places so that visitors encounter a

welcoming atmosphere in any public space.
a. meet with b. hope for c. appreciate

12. New public places pop up all the time in growing cities.
a. get larger b. appear suddenly c. fail

iQ1,jmW◄I C. Go online for more practice with the vocabulary.

fil~) I Reading and Writing 135

 D. Complete this outline of the main ideas in the article. Use the Reading
Skill (Following ideas, page 129) to help you.

Example 1: Stata Center Example 2:

3

A space A customizable space

1

Used for Not only a park but also

2

I I
t
Academic term: ______________________ _
5

Definition: ________________________ _
6

Oldenburg thought they were ______ _

7

New third places were built by ________________ _

8

Problem: ________________________ _
9

Solution: ________________________ _
10

Conclusion: Third places change cities.

Districts become ______________ (like the Stata Center).

11

136 UNIT 5 I What makes a public place appealing?

E. Read the statements. Write T (true), F (false), or I (impossible to know
from the article). Write the number of the paragraph that helped you.
Correct the false statements.

_ 1. Gehry's design is popular with everyone. (Paragraph: _)

_ 2. There is no need to make a formal appointment to use an area in the

"student street" for a meeting. (Paragraph: _)

_ 3. Buildings in the 20th century followed a limited number of forms.

(Paragraph: _)

_ 4. Curved walls will become more common because they increase the
amount of possible meeting space. (Paragraph: _)

_ 5. Future construction will use more color inside buildings.

(Paragraph: _)

_ 6. The term third spaces was first created by an architect. (Paragraph: _)

_ 7. Oldenburg blamed technology for the lack of third places.

(Paragraph: _)

_ 8. At Christopher Waters's cafe, customers cannot use Wi-Fi at any

time. (Paragraph: _)

F. The article describes three reactions to three modern problems.

Complete the chart with details from the article. Write the numbers of
the paragraphs where you found the information.

Paragraph(s)
1. Classrooms Spaces were specialized
and office because workers needed
buildings access to landline phones
and other equipment.

2. Bryant Park

3. Starbucks

I Reading and Writing 137

����
 G. Circle the correct answers. Write a reason for your answer using
information from the article.

1. Why does the "student street" in the Stata Center have twists and curves?
a. to look inventive
b. because there are no landline telephones
c. to create controversy and something to discuss
d. to create space that is comfortable for different uses

Reason: _________________________

2. According to Oldenburg's definition, which is a third place?

a. a bookstore that holds free weekly discussion groups for local residents
b. a coffee shop with Internet access
c. a suburban shopping mall
d. a museum that charges people to attend public lectures

Reason: _________________________

3. What can you infer from Reading 1 about people who live in the suburbs?
a. They work longer hours than other people.
b. They don't have much contact with other people outside work.
c. They dislike shopping in urban centers.
d. They do not have access to coffee shops.

Reason: _________________________
4. What is causing the shift to multifunctional districts, according to the last
paragraph of Reading 1?
a. third places c. modern architecture
b. the Internet d. changes in lifestyle

Reason: _________________________

H. Use your understanding of Reading 1 to define these terms from the article.

1. "nomadic lifestyles" (paragraph 1): ______________

2. "hybrid space" (paragraph 1): ________________

3. "semi-public spaces" (paragraph 3): ______________

4. "coffee and crumbs" (paragraph 8): ______________

5. "cyber-nomads" (paragraph 9): _______________

6. "monocultures" (paragraph 11): ________________

138 UNIT 5 I What makes a public place appealing?
 iQc,m!im•�l -•·_G_o_o_n_l_ine to read The New Third Places and check your comprehension.

WRITE WHAT YOU THINK

A. Discuss these questions in a group.

1. Do you know a building like the Stata Center or a place like Bryant Park
that is multifunctional or has a hybrid purpose? Describe it and explain
whether it is appealing to you.

2. Do you agree with the idea that technology such as smartphones and
tablet computers can have an alienating effect? Do you like the ideas that
Christopher Waters had to encourage customers to mingle more?

3. Do you think third places differ from country to country? Why might
some third places in your country be less appealing elsewhere?

B. Choose one question and write a paragraph in response. Look back at

your Quick Write on page 131 as you think about what you learned.

READING 2 I A Path to Road Safety with No Signposts

UNIT ...... "11111111 You are going to read a profile from The New York Times about Dutch traffic
OBJECTIVE ...111111
engineer Hans Monderman. Although he died in 2008, Monderman's ideas
about cars, pedestrians, and bicyclists sharing roads are still popular today.
Use the article to gather information and ideas for your Unit Assignment.

PREVIEW THE READING

A. 1Q;j:£!)j=WI
Read the title, subheadings, and caption in the article. What do
you think Monderman did to make roads safer? Make three predictions.
B. M•mj(l@;hH How do you think urban planners can make towns and cities
friendly for motorists, cyclists, and pedestrians? Write for 5-1 0 minutes in
response. Remember to use this section for your Unit Assignment.
C. Work with a partner to find these words in the reading.
Circle clues in the text that help you understand the meaning of each
word. Then use a dictionary to define any unknown words.

accommodate (v.) counterintuitive (adj.) negotiate (v.)

anticipate (v.) I' criteria (n.) I' proponent (n.)
appealing (adj.) I' division (n.) /' regulated (adj.)
concede (v.) fatal (adj.) reinforce (v.)

/' Oxford 3000'" words

I Reading and Writing 139

 iQr,mfii~i◄I D. Go online to listen and practice your pronunciation.

WORK WITH THE READING

@ A. Read the article and gather information on what makes a public place
appealing.

3 But in spite of the apparently anarchicaP layout,

A Path to Road Safety the traffic, a steady stream of trucks, cars, buses,
motorcycles, bicycles,and pedestrians, moved
with No Signposts along fluidly and easily,as if directed by an invisible
conductor. When Mr. Monderman, a traffic engineer
By Sarah Lyall
and the intersection's proud designer, deliberately
DRACHTEN, The Netherlands. "I want to take failed to check for oncoming traffic before crossing
you on a walk," said Hans Monderman, abruptly the street, the drivers slowed for him. No one
stopping his car and striding-hatless, and nearly honked or shouted rude words out of the window.
hairless-into the freezing rain. 4 "Who has the right of way?" he asked rhetorically2.
"I don't care. People here have to find their own way,
negotiate for themselves, use their own brains."
s Used by some 20,000 drivers a day, the
intersection is part of a road-design revolution
pioneered by the 59-year-old Mr. Monderman.
His work in Friesland, the district in northern
Holland that takes in Drachten, is increasingly
seen as the way of the future in Europe.
6 His philosophy is simple, if counterintuitive.
7 To make communities safer and more
Pedestrians, bicycles, and cars all share th is intersection in appealing, Mr. Monderman argues, you should
Drachten without the need for traffic lights or road signs.
first remove the traditional paraphernalia 3 of their
2 Like a naturalist conducting a tour of the jungle, roads-the traffic lights and road signs; the center
he led the way to a busy intersection in the center lines separating lanes from one another; even the
of town, where several odd things immediately speed bumps, speed-limit signs, bicycle lanes, and
became clear. Not only was it virtually naked, pedestrian crossings. In his view, it is only when
stripped of all lights, signs, and road markings, the road is made more dangerous, when drivers
but there was no division between road and stop looking at signs and start looking at other
sidewalk. It was, basically, a bare brick square. people, that driving becomes safer.

1 3
anarchical: without order paraphernalia: a large number of different objects, especiall y
2
rhetorically: asked only to make a statement or to produce an the equipment that you need for a particular activity
effect rather than to get an answer

140 UNIT 5 I What makes a public place appealing?

s "All those signs are saying to cars, 'This is your bring Mr. Monderman's work to wider attention,
space, and we have organized your behavior so remembers with fondness his own first visit.
that as long as you behave this way, nothing can 1s Mr. Monderman drove him to a small country
happen to you,"' Mr. Monderman said. "That is road with cows in every direction. Their presence
the wrong story." was unnecessarily reinforced by a large traffic sign
9 The Drachten intersection is an example with a picture of a cow on it.
of the concept of "shared space," a street 16 "He said: 'What do you expect to find here?
where cars and pedestrians are equal, and Wallabies 5?'" Mr. Hamilton-Baillie recalled.
the design tells the driver what to do. "'They're treating you like you're a complete idiot,
10 "It's a moving away from regulated traffic and if people treat you like a complete idiot, you'll
toward space which, by the way it's designed and act like one.' Essentially, what it means is a
configured, makes it clear what sort of behavior transfer of responsibility to the individual and
is anticipated," said Ben Hamilton-Baillie, a the community."
British specialist in urban design and movement 11 Dressed in a beige jacket and patterned shirt,
and a proponent of many of the same concepts. with scruffy facial hair and a stocky build,
11 Highways, where the car is naturally king, are Mr. Monderman has the appearance of a
part of the "traffic world" and another matter football hooligan 6 but the temperament of
altogether. In Mr. Monderman's view, shared- an engineer, which indeed he trained to be.
space schemes thrive only in conjunction with He was working as a civil engineer building
well-organized, well-regulated highway systems. highways in the 1970s when the Dutch
government, alarmed at a sharp increase in
Social Space traffic accidents, set up a network of traffic
12 Mr. Monderman is a man on a mission. On a safety offices. Mr. Monderman was appointed
daylong automotive tour of Friesland, he pointed Friesland's traffic safety officer.
out places he had improved, including a town 1s In residential communities, Mr. Monderman
where he ripped out the sidewalks, signs, and began narrowing the roads and putting in
crossings and put in brick paving on the central design features like trees and flowers, red
shopping street. An elderly woman crossed slowly brick paving stones, and even fountains
in front of him. to discourage people from speeding. This
13 "This is social space, so when Grandma is principle is now known as psychological traffic
coming, you stop, because that's what normal, calming, where behavior follows design.
courteous human beings do," he said. 19 He made his first nervous foray inta7 shared
14 Planners and curious journalists are space in a small village whose residents were
increasingly making pilgrimages 4 to meet upset at its being used as a daily thoroughfare
Mr. Monderman, considered one of the field's for 6,000 speeding cars. When he took away
great innovators, although until a few years ago the signs, lights, and sidewalks, people drove
he was virtually unknown outside Holland. more carefully. Within two weeks, speeds on
Mr. Hamilton-Baillie, whose writings have helped the road had dropped by more than half.

4 6 hooligan:
pilgrimage: a journey to a place that is connected with someone who behaves in an extremely noisy way
someone or something that you admire 7 make a foray into: to attempt to become involved in (a new
5 wallaby: an Australian animal like a small kangaroo
activity)

I Reading and Writing 141

20 In fact, he said, there has never been a fatal 22 Recently a group of well-to-do parents asked him
accident on any of his roads. to widen the two-lane road leading to their children's
school, saying it was too small to accommodate
Limits of Shared Space what he derisively8 calls "their huge cars."
21 Mr. Monderman concedes that road design 23 He refused, saying the fault was not with the
can do only so much. It does not change the road, but with the cars. "They can't wait for each
behavior, for instance, of the 15 percent of drivers other to pass?" he asked.
who will behave badly no matter what the rules
From "A Path to Road Safety with No Signposts" by Sarah Lyall, The New
are. Nor are shared-space designs appropriate York Times, January 22, 2005. © 2005 The New York Times. All rights
everywhere, like major urban centers, but only reserved. Used by permission and protected by the Copyright Laws of
the United States. The printing, copying, redistribution, or retransmission
in neighborhoods that meet particular criteria. of the Material without express written permission is prohibited.

8 derisively: in a way that shows that he thinks something is

ridiculous

B. VOCABULARY Here are some words from Reading 2. Read the sentences.
Then write each bold word next to the correct list of synonyms.

1. In most countries, driving is a regulated activity.

2. Drivers learn traffic laws when they get their licenses, but signs reinforce
the laws in case drivers forget them.

3. Urban planners try to anticipate conflict between cars and pedestrians

when they design streets.
4. Most street planners try to create a strict division between the road and
the sidewalk.

5. Whenever possible, roads are built to accommodate all the vehicles that
are likely to use them.
6. Streets can be hard to negotiate if rules are complicated or there is a lot
of traffic.

7. Despite many safety measures, sometimes there are fatal accidents on

the roads.

8. Many home buyers think houses on large, busy streets are less appealing
than those on small, quiet streets.

9. One street designer is a proponent of a planned shared-space movement

and is trying to convince other people of the plan's value.

142 UNIT 5 I What makes a public place appealing?

 10. The shared-space approach is counterintuitive to traditional street design
because it removes the traditional traffic signs and signals.

11. Shared-space designers concede that the idea does not work everywhere.

12. There are several criteria for a successful shared space; only streets that
meet these guidelines are likely to succeed.

a. ________ (v.) admit • acknowledge • recognize

b. ________ (v.)expect• await• look for

C. ________ (v.) clear• get around• get past• pass

d. ________ (v.) adapt • fit • suit • receive • shelter • work with

e. _____ ___ (v.)strengthen• cement• make stronger• repeat

f. ________ (adj.) surprising • unexpected • contrary to

usual thinking

g. _______ (adj.) deadly • lethal

h. ________ (adj.) popular • attractive • desirable

1. ________ (n.) standards • measures • guides

j. ________ (adj.) overseen • policed • supervised • governed

k. ________ (n.) separation • split • partition

1. ________ (n.) advocate • champion • supporter • promoter

iQr,m!W◄I C. Go online for more practice with the vocabulary.

D. Check(✓ ) the techniques that Monderman used for improving

intersections. Then discuss with a partner why he did or did not
use each method.

1. adding more road signs

2. forcing cars, bikes, and pedestrians to share the same space

3. removing lane divisions

4. making roads wider

5. adding more pedestrian crossings

6. reducing the speed limit on highways

I Reading and Writing 143

 7. letting people negotiate their own behavior
8. changing roads in major cities

9. planting trees and flowers

__ 10. making road surfaces look the same as sidewalks

E. Answer these questions. Then circle and number information in the

article that supports your answers.

1. Why are intersections like the one in Drachten safe?

2. In Monderman's view, why are roads with road signs, speed limits, and
lane markings more dangerous?

3. Why don't shared-space ideas apply to highways?

4. Why does Monderman find road signs and other traditional ways of
regulating traffic to be insulting?

5. Why did Monderman refuse to widen a road leading to a school?

144 UNIT 5 I What makes a public place appealing?

F. Read the statements. Write T (true), F (false), or I (impossible to know
from the article). Write the number of the paragraph that helped you.
Correct the false statements.

_ 1. Monderman is compared to a naturalist in a jungle because people

are out of place in his intersections. (Paragraph: _)

_ 2. Someone is directing traffic in the intersection in Drachten that the

reporter visits. (Paragraph: _)

_ 3. There has been an increase in deadly car accidents since Monderman

redesigned the roads in Drachten. (Paragraph: _)

_ 4. In the "traffic world," drivers do not respond to the design of the

roads; they respond to road signs. (Paragraph: _)

_ 5. Hamilton-Baille met Monderman because the Dutchman's work was

famous in Britain. (Paragraph: _)
_ 6. Monderman suggested that the Dutch government create traffic safety
officers in response to increasing car accidents. (Paragraph: _)

_ 7. Monderman's experiment with psychological traffic calming was

unsuccessful. (Paragraph: _)

_ 8. Monderman believed that even the worst drivers would respond

positively to shared spaces. (Paragraph: _)

WRITE WHAT YOU THINK

A. Discuss the questions in a group. Look back at your Quick Write on
page 139 as you think about what you have learned.

1. Could Monderman's ideas work in your home country or in the place you
live now? Why or why not?
2. In some cities, cars are not allowed or are heavily restricted in the
downtown area. What do you think about this idea?

3. Who is responsible for making a town or city safe and friendly for all its
citizens: urban planners, local authorities, or the citizens themselves?
 8. Before you watch the video, discuss these questions in a group.

1. Many cities have areas that are not very attractive, s uch as unused factories
or parking lots. What can be done to make them more appealing?

2. Think of a park you know well. How could you redesign it as a third place?

3. Do you think local governments should invest money in public parks, or

should donors and businesses pay the costs?

iQ1,WfiWi C. Go online to watch the video

engage (v.) to succeed in attracting and
about Millennium Park in
keeping someone's attention and interest
Chicago. Then check your
comprehension. eyesore (n.) a building or an object that is
unpleasant to look at
raise the bar (phr.) to set a new, higher
standard of quality or performance
relic (n.) an object, a tradition, or a system,
etc. that has survived from the past
renowned (adj.) famous and respected

•
D. Think about the unit video, Reading 1, and Reading 2 as you discuss
these questions. Then choose one question and write a paragraph in
response.

1. Do you believe that the design of public spaces should change to better
suit our behavior (as in Reading 1 and the video), or should we change our
behavior to meet the expectations of the design (as in Reading 2)?

2. How do you think technology will affect the design of buildings, roads,
parks, and cities in the future?

The main verb controls the pattern of a clause or sentence. Knowing the verb
complements, or the types of words and phrases allowed with the verb, is important
in improving your writing and speaking. For example, some verbs can be followed by a
direct object (transitive verbs), but others cannot (intransitive verbs). The dictionary can
help you write better sentences by telling you which complements are possible or required
with each verb: objects, preposition� phrases, noun clauses, infinitives, or gerunds.

146 UNIT 5 I What makes a public place appealing?

 [I] means [Tl means
intransitive. The stop ,l' /sta~p_l_ve_rb
_,_n_o_un__________ --< transitive. The verb
• verb (-pp- ) II
verb can be used >NOT MOVE 1 [I,T] to no longer move ; to make someone or is follo wed by a
w ithout an object. so met hin g no longer mov e: The car stopp ed at the traffic direct object (a
ilghts. • We stopped for the night in Tampa. •~ ~b/ sth He was noun or pronoun ).
stopped by the police for speeding.
>NOT CONTINUE 2 [I, T] to no longer conti nue to do some-
th ing ; to mak e so meo ne or somet hing no lon ger do
something: ~ (doing sth) That phone never stops ringing!
• Please stop crying and tell me what 's wrong. • She criticizes
everyone and the trouble is, she do esn 't know when to stop.
~what means the • Can't you Just stop? •~ sb / sth Stop me (= make me stop sb means somebody
verb is followed by talking ) if I'm boring you. • Stop it! You're hurting me. • sth means something
a wh- noun clause. ~ what ... Mike immediately stopped what he was doing.
HEL~ Notice the difference bet ween stop doing so m e-
A that noun clause thing and stop to do something : We stoppe d taking pictures
is not possible me a ns "We were no long er taki ng pictures.": We stopped to
take pictures means "We stopped what we were doing so
here. tha t we could start taking pictures. "
>END 3 [I,T] to en d or finish; to make some thing end or
This additional finish : When is this fighting go ing to stop? • The bus service
stops at m idnigh t. • ~ doing sth Has it stopped raining yet? •
note explains ~ sth Doctors couldn't stop the bleeding. • The umpire was
the difference in forced to stop the game because of heavy rain.
meaning between
t wo complements .

When a verb can be followed by a preposition al phrase , it is especially import ant to

use a dictionary because it is very difficult to guess the correct preposition.
~(with sb):This I (for/about sth):
use of negotiate ne ·go ·ti·ate /m 'gouSi,e1t/ verb 1 [1] ~ (with sb) (for/about - Use for or about to
sth) to try to reach a n ag reement by formal discu ss ion:
is intransitive, so We have been negotiatingfor more pay . • a strong negotiating say w hat you are
it does not take a position • negotiating sk ills 2 [T] ~ sth to arrange or ag ree negotiating .
to something by formal discussion: to nego tiate a deal /
direct object. Use contract / treaty /se ttlement• We successfully negotiated the
with to add the release of the hostages. 3 [T]~ sth to success fully get over or
person you are past a difficu lt part on a path or rout e: The climbers had to
negotiate a steep rock face.
negotiating with .

A. Are the bold verbs transitive or intransitive? Write T (transitive} or

/ (intransitive}. Check your answers in a learners' dictionary.

__ 1. This is best seen in the building 's "student street," which twi sts an d
meanders through the complex.

__ 2. Architects are thinking about light, air, trees, and gardens.

_ _ 3. Bookshops are also offering "more coffee and crumbs."

__ 4. He led the way to a busy intersection.

__ 5. The drivers slowed for him.

__ 6. Mr. Hamilton-Baillie 's writings have helped bring Mr. Monderman's

work to wider attention.

__ 7. It does not change the beh avior, for instance, of the 15 percent of
driver s who will behave badl y no matter what the rule s are.

__ 8. Mr. Monderman began narrowing the roads.

I Reading and Writing 147

 B. Five of the bold words in the paragraph below have verb complement
errors. Read the paragraph. Then complete the tasks below.

The design of my high school did not appeal me. It was built to
accommodate 1,000 students. However, more than 1,500 students
occupied the building. The designers did not anticipate. Every day, we
had to negotiate with the crowded corridors and staircases to go to class.
The principal told that they could not improve the situation. However,
he conceded that a better system was necessary. Consequently, some
staircases were called as "up" stairs. When you wanted to go down a
level, you looked for the "down" stairs.

1. Look up each bold verb from the paragraph in a learner's dictionary. Find the
meaning that fits the context. Write the correct complement in the chart.
,;,,,'f'!ffftaJ.wc""',� lt;'l, •���':"J:r:; �{'f,,;_'Yf\¥,"I

. .
Correct in·-paragraph?
• I .. ..
a. appeal
--
verb + to somebody □ □
b. accommodate □ □
c. occupy
-- -- □ □
d. anticipate
--
□ □
e. negotiate □ □ --
f. go
--
□ □ -
g. tell □ □
----
□
-
h. improve □
i. concede
----- □ □---
j. call □ □
k. look □ □
2. Is the complement of each verb correct in the paragraph? Check (✓)
Yes or No in the chart.

3. For each complement that is incorrect, write the correct sentence.

iQ1,l§ffim◄ C. Go online for more practice using the dictionary to identify verb
complements.

148 UNIT 5 I What makes a public place appealing?