Bulletin 1091932 Smit

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

BULLETIN 109
A DICTIONARY
OF THE OSAGE LANGUAGE
FRANCIS LA FLESCHE
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
BULLETIN 109
A DICTIONARY
OF THE OSAGE LANGUAGE
BY
FRANCIS LA FLESCHE
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1932
For sale by the superintendent of documents, Washington, . C.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
Smithsonian Institution,
Bureau of American Ethnology,
Washington, D. C, June 11, 1931.
Sir: I have the honor to submit the accompanying manuscript,
entitled "A Dictionary of the Osage Language, " by Francis La Flesche,
and to recommend that it be published as a bulletin of the Bureau of
American Ethnology.
Very respectfully yours,
M. W. Stirling, Chief.
Dr. C. G. Abbot,
Secretary oj the Smithsonian Institution.
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction 1
Phonetic key 2
Osage-English dictionary 5
English-Osage dictionary 229
Appendix
Days and months 359
Description of Wi-gi-es 359
Legends 365
Paraphrases of Wi-gi-es 372
Sayings and expressions 399
Stories 403
V
A DICTIONARY OF THE OSAGE LANGUAGE
By Francis La Flesche
INTRODUCTION
The preparation of this work has been made possible by the Mis-
souri Historical Society, which, through the energetic interest of its
late treasurer, Mr. Breckinridge Jones, established an "Osage Fund"
for this particular purpose from a generous donation for the study
of the Osage language made by Mr. E. W. Marland of Ponca City,
Okla. It is the result of several years of study and it is hoped that
itmay be of use to those who desire a knowledge, not only of Osage,
but of the great Siouan family of tongues to which it belongs.
After several years of thoughtful work and study, this dictionary is
presented in the hope that it will assist those seeking a knowledge and
understanding of the Osage language and its usages. Much of
this work has been made possible by association with personal friends
among the Osage tribe. Living with them brought out more per-
fectly the words and their meanings. Although many of the expres-
sions of the Osage are similar to those of the Omaha, the terms in their
rituals and songs varied.
Particular attention is called to the fact that little or no reference
has been made to the grammatical construction or meaning of words.
The Osage, like many other tribes, do not discriminate between or
know the various parts of speech. By a careful study of this dic-
tionary the student or casual reader will find the same word has many
meanings, which to the white man would be confusing. In almost
every instance a verb has been indicated by (to) being placed after the
word; then the expressions in three persons have been added as illus-
"
tration for use. Throughout the EngHsh to Osage will be found " see
or ''which see, " suggesting that the full meaning or sense of the word
is worth referring to. been the desire to give in the Osage-
It has
English a full derivative and meaning and use of the word, while in
many instances the English simply has the Indian word. Where
subject matter refers to "the back of the book," interesting para-
phrasing has been given; legends applying strictly to certain words
or expressions wiU be referred to, giving a better understanding to
the reader. Many references are made to wi-gi-es (rituals), which
play an important part in the construction of this dictionary.
1
:
2 BUKEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY Ibdll. low
Personal names given in this volume are found among several

gentes; these have the references as to meaning. There are many
sayings appearing in the back of the book, which have been revised
to the modern expressions, taken from a primer prepared by Raqua &
Montgomery, published in 1834. These wdll be of great interest.
While it has not been possible to give all words known to the Osage,
those of greatest importance have been given. Some of the words
and expressions of this tribe can not be rendered in English; that is,
there is no English equivalent. Those taken from the rituals are of
great importance, as the rites among the Osage are still held sacred.
In many instances I have found it necessary to change the original
spelling of the words to conform to modern times s has been changed :
to Q (as th in thin) rh has been eliminated 1 and j have also been dis-
; ;
carded; the continental vowel is used entirely; the nasalized ° is used,

giving the French nasal sound in many of the words where the letter
"n" is found, other than at the beginning of a word or syllable. In
all words in the Osage language the most important item to be con-
sidered is the accent; attention is called to the medial letters k, p, and \

which have a different sound than the plain letters in the English. A
study of the phonetic key which follows will be of great assistance.
Acknowledgment is here made of the courtesy of Chief Fred Look-
out and his wife, who were very helpful also of former Chief Bacon
;
Rind and others, of Pawhuska, Okla., who gave me many facts that
otherwise could not have been given in this book. While a guest in
Oklahoma I found everyone willing to give the infoimation that has
made it possible for me to perform the task of writing this volume. I
wish also to acknowledge to Grace D. Woodburn my appreciation for
her untiring efforts in carefully and accurately continuing my work,
without whose assistance this dictionary could not have been com-
pleted.
Few abbreviations have been recorded; those that have been used
are self-explanatory. However, it is a simple matter to refer to them
Om. same, Omaha same; f, feminine; m, mascidine.
Ail references for details will be found in the Thirty-sixth, Thirty-
ninth, Forty-third, and Forty-fifth Annual Reports of the Bureau of
American Ethnology.
Phonetic Key
a as in father, *i exploded i.
b as in bad. i«" nasalized i.
5 as in thin. 'i» nasalized exploded i.
d as in dog. k as in kin.
e as in prey. 1^ a medial k (between k and g).
'e exploded e. m as in man.
g as in go. n as in no.
h as in he. «>
nasalized n.
i as in pierce.
A DICTIONARY OF THE OSAGE LANGUAGE
By Francis La Flesche
INTRODUCTION
After several years of thoughtful work and study, this dictionary is
presented in the hope that it will assist those seeking a knowledge and
understanding of the Osage language and its usages. Much of
this work has been made possible by association with personal friends
among the Osage tribe. Living with them brought out more per-
fectly the words and their meanings. Although many of the expres-
sions of the Osage are similar to those of the Omaha, the terms in their
rituals and songs varied.
Particular attention is called to the fact that little or no reference
has been made to the grammatical construction or meaning of words.
The Osage, like many other tribes, do not discriminate between or
know the various parts of speech. By a careful study of this dic-
tionary the student or casual reader will find the same word has many
meanings, which to the white man would be confusing. In almost
every instance a verb has been indicated by (to) being placed after the
word; then the expressions in three persons have been added as illus-
"
tration for use. Throughout the EngHsh to Osage will be found "see
or "which see," suggesting that the full meaning or sense of the word
isworth referring to. It has been the desire to give in the Osage-
English a full derivative and meaning and use of the word, while in
many instances the English simply has the Indian word. Where
subject matter refers to "the back of the book," interesting para-
phrasing has been given; legends applying strictly to certain words
or expressions will be referred to, giving a better understanding to
the reader. Many references are made to wi-gi-es (rituals), which
play an important part in the construction of this dictionary.
Personal names given in this volume are found among several
gentes; these have the references as to meaning. There are many
sayings appearing in the back of the book, which have been revised
to the modern expressions, taken from a primer prepared by Raqua &
Montgomery, published in 1834. These will be of great interest.
Some might be classed as wise sayings.
While it has not been possible to give all words known to the Osage,
those of greatest importance have been given. Some of the words
1
2 BUKEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. io9
and expressions of this tribe can not be rendered in English that is, ;
there no English equivalent. Those taken from the rituals are of

is
great importance, as the rites among the Osage are still held sacred.
In many instances I have found it necessary to change the original
spelling of the words to conform to modern times: s has been changed
to Q (as th in thin) rh has been eliminated 1 and j have also been dis-
; ;
carded; the continental vowel is used entirely; the nasalized ° is used,

giving the French nasal sound in many of the words where the letter
"n" is found, other than at the beginning of a word or syllable. In
all words in the Osage language the most important item to be con-
sideredis the accent; attention is called to the medial letters ^, p, and t
which have a different sound than the plain letters in the English. A
study of the phonetic key which follows will be of great assistance.
Acknowledgment is here made of the courtesy of Chief Fred Look-
out and his wife, who were very helpful; also of former Chief Bacon
Rind and others, of Pawhuska, Okla., who gave me many facts that
otherwise could not have been given in this book. While a guest in
Oklahoma I found everyone willing to give the information that has
made it possible for me to perform the task of writing this volume. I
wish also to acknowledge to Grace D. Woodburn my appreciation for
her untiring efforts in carefully and accurately continuing my work,
without whose assistance this dictionary could not have been com-
pleted.
Few abbreviations have been recorded; those that have been used
are self-explanatory. However, it is a simple matter to refer to them:
Om. same, Omaha same; f, feminine; m, masculine.
All references for details will be found in the Thirty-sixth, Thirty-
and Forty-fifth Annual Reports
ninth, Forty-third, of the Bureau of
American Ethnology.
Phonetic Key
a as in father.
b as in bad.
5 as in thin.
d as in dog.
e as in prey.
'e exploded e.
g as in go.
h as in he.
i as in pierce.
'i exploded i.
i° nasalized i.
*i" nasalized exploded i.
k as in kin.
I5: a medial k (between k and g).
m as in man.
n as in no.
">
nasalized n.
LAFLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONAEY 3
hn the sound of the initial letter is expelled from the nostrils and is scarcely
audible.
o as in note.
'o exploded o,
o" nasalized o.
p as in pipe.
p a medial p (between p and b).
s as in sit.
sh as in shun.
t as in ten.
t medial t (between t and d).
th as in then.
u as in rule.
'u exploded u.
w as in wet.
X rough German oh,
zh as in azure.
.
OSAGE-ENGLISH
a, an interrogation sign, used at the a'-ba-dsu-ge, bent downward,

end of a sentence, a'-ba-du, a knoll or hillock.
she the be a(?) who is that going? a'-ba-gtha (Om. same), backward;
a, arm; that part of the shoulder to and bashful; diffident; shy.
including the hand. a'-pa-gtha, I am shy.
a, they said, a'-shpa-gtha, you are shy.
a, on. o^'-ga-ba-gtha i, we are shy.
rode on a horse.
lj:a'-wa to° a-a-gthi", I wi'ti-mi a-a-gi-pa-gtha, I feel bashful
a'-gthi° tho" a-a-gthi°, I sat on a chair. toward my aunt.
pa-he'tho° a-a-gthi°, I sat on a hill. a'-ba-ha Qi-hi, rifle, with yellow or
a'-ba, they are (moving); he or they brass sight.
(moving). a'-ba-k'u, to cover anything by the
a'-ba-so°-dse, to lace up (as a shoe), use of a spade,
a'-pa-go^-dse, I laced up (a shoe). a'-pa-k'u, I covered it with a spade,
a'-shpa-50°-dse, you laced up (a a'-shpa-^'u, you covered it with a
shoe) spade,
c'-ga-ba-co^-dsa i, we laced up (a o^'-ga-ba-k'u i, we covered it with a
shoe). spade,
a'-ba-5o°-d8e (Om. same), to push one a'-ba-ku, the part of a man's back
against a tree or a door. between the shoulders.
zho° a'-pa-50°-dse, I pushed him a'-ba-û-t'o-xa, humpback,
against the tree, a'-ba-shda, to cut the hair,
zho" a'-shpa-5o°-dse, you pushed a'-pa-shda, I cut my hair,
him against the tree, a'-shpa-shda, you cut your hair.
a'-ba-gta (Om. same), to patch, o°-ga'-ba-shda i, we cut our hair.
a'-pa-gta, I patch, a'-ba-sho°-tha, trickled down. An
a'-shpa-gta, you patch. expression used in rituals, as
o°'-ga-ba-5ta i, we patch, "the blood trickled down from his
a'-ba-gu (Om. same), to indicate, to mouth."
point at; (2) to select. {See a'-ba-â, a fence; a stockade.
a'-tha-dse.)
a'-ba-ta- a-ga-ha a-a-zhu i° da, I put
a'-pa-5u, I select.
them on the fence,
a'-shpa-5u, you select.
a'-ba-ta a-ga-ha a-tha-zhu i" da, you
o°'-ga-ba-5u i, we select.
put them on the fence,
zho°'-tse a'-pa-gu, I point at the tree.
zho°'-tse a'shpa-gu, you point at the
a'-ba-ta a-ga-ha o^-ga-zhu i° da i, we
put them on the fence,
tree,
zho^'-tse o°-ga-ba-5u i, we point at a'-ba-â a'-u-wi-gi, to jump over a
fence,
the tree.
a'-ba-do, a small hill. a'-ba-ta a'-a-o°-gi, I jump over the
a'-ba-do°, to freshen a fire by putting fence,
on wood. a'-ba-ta a'-tha-o°-5i, you jump over
a'-pa-do°, I freshened the fire. the fence,
a'-shpa-do°, you freshened the fire, a'ba-ta o^'-ga-on-gi i, we jump over
o^'-ga-ba-do", we freshened the fire. the fence.
5
6 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY fBULL. 10»
a'-ba-â ga-t;a-th.a, to break a fence, a' bi° da, it has been said. An expres-
a'-ba-ta a-ta-the, I broke down the sion used in rituals.
the fence, a'bi" do, they say or have said.
a'-ba-ta tha-ta-the, you broke down a'-bi'-no°-tha, to obliterate or wipe
the fence, out.
a'-ba-ta on-ga-ta-tha i, we broke a'-pi-no°-tha, I wiped it out.
down the fence, a'-shpi-nc-tha, you wiped it out.

a'-ba ii'o-xa, my stooping shoulders. o°'-ga-bi no°-tha i, we wiped it out.
(From a ritual.) a'-bi, spoken of as. This expression is
a'-ba-tsi-zhe, to act in desperation found in the sayings of the wi-gi-e
regardless of consequences, or ritual.
a'-pa-tsi-zhe, I acted in desperation, a bi a, they have A term used
said.
a'-shpa-tsi-zhe, you acted in despera- when a ritual by the

reciting
tion. Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge gens.
Qo'-ga-ba-tsi-zha i, we acted in a'-hi-ija, (Om. same), to touch with the
desperation, flat (palm) of the hand,
a'-ba-t'u, to prevent one from moving a'-pi-ta, I touched it with the flat of
by holding one back, my hand,

a'-pa-t'u, I prevented him from a'-shpa-ta, you touched it with the
moving, flat of your hand,
a'-shpa-t'u, you prevented him from o'-ga-bi-ta i, we touched it with the

moving. flat of our hands.
o°-ga-ba-t'u i, we prevented him from a-biu'-s©) to check the flow of blood;

moving. to stanch.
the go°-tha tho°-zha a'-pa-t'u, he a'-bi-xe (Om. same), the boihng of
wished to go but I held him back. water,
the go°-tha tho"-zha a-spha-t'u, he a'-bo-u, they said.
wished to go but you held him a'-btho, shoulder or shoulder blade;
back. upper arm.
a'-ba t'u-xa, the bending or the a'-bthu-tse, I violated the law.
stooping shoulders. a'-bthu-zhi°-ga, Uttle wing; shoulder
a'-ba-xu, door latch. blade,
a'-be (Om. same), foliage; leaves; leaf, a'-bu-zha-zha-ta, to fly about in
a' -be ge da-ts'e-ga, the leaves are forked lines.
withered. a- 51° -ga, same as 51 -ge.
a'-be-to°, to wind as a lariat around gthu-zha bi
a-si°'-ga a-ka i°-d8e a,
the tree. little sister washed her face,
a'-pe-to°, I wind the lariat around
a'-gi" zhi°-ga, special kinship term for
the tree,
the fourth daughter.
a'shpe-to", you wind the lariat
a'-gi-thu-ge, to take footsteps to-
around the tree,
ward.
o^'-ga-be-to" i, we wound the lariat
a'-5ku, hair growing on the temples,
around the tree.
A'-be-zhi°-ga, Slender-leaf. Personal a' -da (Om. same), to freeze, as water
name. Refers to the cattail, on some object,
a'-bi-ge, to become dry. ni' te o°-da ha, water freezes on me.
a'-bi-50°-dse, to press to the ground. ni'-te a-thi-da ha, water freezes on
a'-pi-50"-dse, I pressed it to the you.

ni te i, water froze on us.
wa' da
ground.
a'-shpi-50"-dse, you pressed it to the a'-da-ga-gikshe, crust; bread crust.
ground. a'-da-ga-xe, to macadamize a road,
o°'-ga-ba Q0°-dsa i, we pressed it to a'-da-pa-xe, I macadamized the
the ground. road.
.
LA FLBSCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY
t'-da-ga-xe — continued, '-do°-ba zhi — continued.

a'-da-shpa-xe, you macadamized the a'-shto°-ba a-zhi, you are uncon-
road. cerned.
a'-da-o"-ga-xa i, we macadamized the o°-ga-do°-ba ba-zhi i, we are uncon-
road. cerned.
/-da ga-xe u-zho°-ge, to cover or '-do°-be, to watch over with care; to
pave a road with broken stone; to guard; to aim carefully.
macadamize, sho°'-ge a-ka tsi tse a-do°-be i ha,
a'-da-pa-xe u-zho°-ge ke, I paved the the dog guards the house,
road, '-dse, to embrace; to clasp in the
a' -da shka-xe u-zho°-ge ke, you arms with affection; to climb a
paved the road, tree,
a'-da o°-ga-xa i u-zho°-ge ke, we a'-a-dse, I clasped in arms, my
paved the road. a'-tha-dse, you clasped your arms.
in
/-da-ka-dse, to be hot from the heat o°-ga-dsa i, we clasped in our arms,
of a fire or from the sun's rays, '-dse-the, to build a fire on some
o^'-da-ka-dse, I am hot from the fire, place or object,
da'-thi-â-dse, you are hot from the a'-a-dse-the, I built a fire on (a
fire, stone)
da'-wa-ka-dsa i, we are hot from the a'-tha-dse-the, you built a fire on (a
fire. stone)
,'-da-ko° (Om. a-na-ko°), a light; o°-ga'-dse-tha i, we built a fire on (a
artificial light. stone).
—
,'-da-ko"-gth.e a, on or upon (i. e., '-dsu-ta, the hmbs of an animal or
the surroundings); da-ko", light; man.
gthe, placed upright or in a stand-
'-ga, to slice meat for drying,
ing position: a lamp or candle. meat for drying,
a'-a-ga, I sliced the
.'-da-ko"-the, a lantern.
you sliced the meat for
,'-da-ko° —
we-gthi" a-da-ljo°, hght
a'-tha-ga,
drying.
thrown upon the surroundings; meat
o°'-ga-ga i, we sliced the for
we-gthi", grease: kerosene oil; pe-
drying,
troleum. meat
ta'-do-ka tho° a-a-ga, I cut the
.'-da-ko° we-gthi ni-hni, oil well.
into slices,
a'-do°-]ô° we-gthi° ni-hni wi° mo°-
ta'-do-ka tho° a-tha-ga, you cut the
zho° tho°-di a-bthi° ha, an oil well
meat into thin slices.
is on my land,
open the eyes on
'-ga-btha, to
/-da-^s'e-ga, to wither in the flesh,
something.
as by the heat of the sun; to wilt.
i°-shta' a-a-ga-btha, I opened my
,'-da-xi-dse, the glare of the sun; a
eyes on it.
strong sun hght.
i°-shta' a-tha-ga-btha, you opened
i»-shta' wi-ta a'-da-xi-dse o°-ni-e ha,
your eyes on it.
the glare of the sun hurts my eyes.
i°-shta'o°-ga-ga-btha i, we opened
/-da-xthi° (Om. a-xthi°), fire bUster
our eyes on it.
for curative purposes.
'-ga-sa-thu, sounding the rattle.
,'-do°-be, to escort.
a'-to°-be, I escorted him. '.ga-si-g©) to sprinkle water with the
you escorted him.
a'-shto°-be, fingers,
o°-ga-do°-ba i, we escorted him. a'-a-ga-gi-ge, I sprinkled water,
/-do-do°, incursion. a'-tha-ga-gi-ge, you sprinkled water,

/-do°, because; for that reason. on'-ga-ga-gi-ga i, we sprinkled water.
/-do°-ba zhi, unconcerned; non- '-ga-50°-dse, to shingle the roof of a

chalant. house.
a'-to°-ba mo°-zhi, I am unconcerned. a'-a-ga-50°-dse, I shingled the roof.
8 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 109
i'-ga-50"-d8e — continued. i' -ga-ha (Om. same), on top of, or on

a'-tha-ga-50°-dse, you shingled the the outside,
roof. tsi tse a-ga-ha ta a-no° zhi, I am
oo-ga-ga-50°-dsa i ha, we shingled the outside of the house,
roof. tsi tse a-ga-ha ta thc-no" zhi, you
i'_ga-5pe, the falling of something are outside of the house.
heavy on a person or thing. i' -ga-ha kshe, the exterior.
zho° o°-ga-5pe, a tree fell on me. I'-ga-ha-mi — a-ga-ha, over; mi,

zho° a-thi-ga-5pe a, did a tree fall on blanket or robe: a coat; a long
you? cape; a mantle,
zho° wa-ga-5pa i, a tree fell on us. a'-ga-ha-mi u-pa ho°, I wear a coat,
i'-ga-§pe, to cover up an object, a'-ga-ha-mi u-shpa ho», you wear a
a'-a-ga-gpe, I cover up an object. coat,
a'tha-ga-5pe, you cover up an a'-ga-ha-mi o°-gu'-ba ho° i, we wear
object. coats,
o°'-ga-ga-5pa i, we cover up an a'-ga-ha mi a-gi-pi thi°-ge xtsi mo°
object. ha, my coat is threadbare.
i'_ga-5pe gthu-ge, extricate, I'-ga-ha-pa, vest,
a'-ga-gpe a-gthu-ge, I extricated. a'-ga-ha-pa a-gi o"-btha a-tsi mi"-
a'-ga-5pe tha-gthu-ê, you extricated. kshe o, I left my vest home.
a'-ga-5pe o^-gthu-â i, we extricated. I'-ga-ha-ta, on the outskirts.
I'-ga-gta, to stack; to close, I'-ga-ha-ta gthe kshi-the, exile; to
a'-a-ga-gta, I stack. expel.
a'-tha-ga-5ta, you stack, I'-ga-ha-ta mc-thi" a-ga-ha-ta, on —
o^-ga'-ga-gta i, we stack. the outskirts; mo°-thi°, a recluse.
i'-ga-5to° (Om. same), to shave the I'-ga-hi-tha, the blowing of dust,
hair from a deer or an elk skin, sand, or chaff upon a person or
a'-a-ga-gto", I shaved the hair from thing.
the elk skin. I'-ga-k'u, to hoe the earth over some
a'-tha-ga-5to°, you shaved the hair object.
from the elk skin. hoe the earth.
a'-a-ga-]j:'u, I
o°'-ga-ga-gto° i, we shaved the hair a'-tha-ga-i:'u,you hoe the earth.
from the elk skin. o"'-ga-ga-^'u i, we hoe the earth.
i'-ga-5to°, to trim the web of the I'-ga-shke, to tie a knot; to tie a scalp
feathers of an arrow to make it lock on a pole,
strike accurately. a'-a-ga-shke, I tie a knot,
a'-a-ga-gto°, I trimmed the web of a'-tha-ga-shke, you tie a knot.
the feathers, o°'-ga-ga-shka i, we tied a knot.
a'-tha-ga-gto", you trimmed the web I'-ga-stse-dse, overhanging.
of the feathers, I'-ga-ta (Om. same), to aim at some
o^-ga'-ga-gto" i, we trimmed the web object with a gun.
of the feathers. a'-a-ga-ta, Iaim at it.
i,'-ga-5u, to examine; to inspect; to a'-tha-ga-ta, you aim at it.
probe; to inquire into; to test by o°'-ga-ga-ta i, we aim at it.
questions, I'-ga-ts'e, to drop water on some
a'-a-ga-gu, I inspected it. object,
a'-tha-ga-gu, you inspected it. drop water,
a'-a-ga-ts'e, I
o^'-ga-ga-gu i, we inspected it. you drop water.
a'-tha-ga-ts'e,
i.'-ga-5U, inquisition. o"'-ga-ga-ts'a i, we drop water,
i'-ga-5u wa-to°-ga, the justice; the t'-ga-xa-dse, to cover up something,
judge. One who inquires into, a'-a-ga-xa-dse, I cover it up.
/-ga-ha, upon the brow of. Term a'-tha-ga-xa-dse, you cover it up.
used in ritual. o^'-ga-ga-xa-dsa i, we cover it up.
LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 9
'-ga-xthe a-ta, toward the wind, a'-gtha-ge, revulsion; a sudden with-

'-ga-xthe bthe a-tho, I went with drawal,
the wind. a-gtha'-ge ino°-thi° o, go after the
'-ga-xthe, away from the wind; lee thing that belongs to you.
side, a-gtha'-ge pshi a tho, I have been
'-ga-xthe pa-gthe, to lie with the after it or them.
head toward the wind, a'-gtha-ge a-tsi a-tho, he has come
'-ga-xthe u-ga-xthe, following the after that which belongs to him.
wind. a'-gtha-ge thi°-ge, robust; (2) noth-
'-ga-xto°, to shed tears. ing to complain about.
a'-a-ga-xto°, I shed tears. a'-a-gtha-ge thi°-ge, I have nothing
a'-tha-ga-xto°, you shed tears. to complain about.
o°-ga'-ga-xto° i, we shed tears, a-tha'-gtha-ge thi^-ge, you have
'-ga-zhi (Om. same), to dictate, com- nothing to complain about.
mand, or order, o°-ga-gtha-ge thi°-ga i, we have
a'-a-ga-zhi, I commanded him. nothing to complain about,
a'-tha-ga-zhi, you commanded him. a'-gtha-ha (Om. same), to wear one's
c'-ga-ga-zhi i, we commanded him. own clothing.
'-ga-zho", fetlock of a horse. a'-a-gtha-ha, Iwear my own.
.'-ga-zho°, Bushy. Personal name. a'-tha-gtha-ha, you wear your own.
Refers to the bushy hair on the o°'-ga-gtha-ha i, we wear our own.
front legs of the buffalo bull, a'-gtha-no°, he is accused of wrong-
-gi, returned. doing.
'-gi-do°-be, watches over whatever a-gtha'-thi° (On. same), to have or
is his own. keep one's own.
-gi'-gtha-she, to deUver or rescue, a-gtha'-bthi° I have my own.
-gi'-gthi, to come home after some- a-tha'-gtha-ni, you have your own.
thing, o°-ga-gtha thi° i, we have our own.
a-pi'-a-gthi, I came home after some- a-gtha'-thi" (Ora. same), to inherit;
thing, inheritance.
a-shki'-tha-gthi, you came home after mo"'-5e gka a-gtha-bthi°, I inherited
something. money.
o°-ga'-gi o''-ga-gthi i, we came home mc'-ê gka a-gtha-ni, you inherited
after something. money.
-gi'-hi, he has been after something. mo»'-5e (jka te o"-ga'-gtha-thi° i, we
'-gi-no''-zhi°, to succor; to give help inherited money,
or aid when one is in distress, a'-gthe, to place on top of another in
a'-a-gi-no^-zhi", I stood by him. an upright position.
a'-tha-gi-no"-zhi°, you stood by him. a'-a-gthe, I placed on top.
o^'-ga-gi-nc-zhi" i, we stood by him. a'-tha-gthe, you placed on top.
'-gi-o°, to fly on or over, as the crow o°-ga'-gtha i, we placed on top.
flies over that upon which it a-gthi', returning. This expression is
wishes to feed. found frequently when referring to
lj;a-xe a'-gi-o° i, the crow flies over. the return of one who has been
'-gi-pa-rao°-gthe, with heads bowed searching for some particular thing.
over the people, It is a ritual expression.
'-gi-shka-de, to play; gambol upon A'-gthi-he-the, Returns-to-the-place.
his own property, Personal name. Refers to the sym-
-gi'-the, to go after something, boUc hawk returning after the
'-gi-thi-ta, cross their tracks, ceremony,
'-gi-xe, all around a place, a'-gthi", to sit upon a cushion, robe, or
'-gtha, to impute; to accuse, chair.
a'-a-gtha ha, I accuse him. a'-a-gthi°, I sit on a cushion.
a'-tha-gtha ha, you accuse him. a'-tha-gthi°, you sit on a cushion.
o^'-ga-gtha i, we accuse him. o^-ga-gthi" i, we sit on a cushion.
—
10 BUEEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 109
a-gthi°'-sa-to" (Om. same), fifteen. a'-gtho" (Om. same), to place one

—
a'-gthi° 5o''-Qo°-tha a-gthi°, a chair; thing upon another.
Qo°-Qo°-tha, swaying motion back a'-a-gtho°, I placed it upon another.
and forth; a-chair-back-and-forth- a'-tha-gtho°, you placed it upon
swaying-motion: rocking-chair. another.
—
a'-gthi° da-pa a-gthi°, chair; da-pa, o"-ga'-gtho° i, we placed it upon
round, round chair; a stool. another.
a-gthi°' do-ba (Om. same), fourteen. a'-gtho°-thi", to forget; failure to
sho"'-ge a-gthi° do-ba wa-bthi", I remember; unable to recall some-
have fourteen dogs. thing that is past.
Ifa-wa a-gthi° do-ba wa-ni, you have a'-a-gtho"-bthi", I failed to remember.
fourteen horses. a'-tha-gtho°-ni, you failed to re-
a'-gthi°-gi-wa-to°-ga, chairman. To member.

preside, o"-ga'-gtho" thi" i, we forgot.
a'-gthi^-gi-wa-to^-ga bthe, I preside. a'-gthu-5ta, to bandage one's own
a'-gthi°-gi-wa-to°-ga ni, you preside, leg.
a-gthi" gthe-btho° iise wi° thi°-ge a'-a-gthu-5ta, I bandaged my own

a-gthi°, plus ten; gthe-btho", ten; leg.
tse, of; wî", one; thi°-ge, less, ten- a'-tha-gthu-gta, you bandaged your
less-of-one-plus-teu : nineteen. own leg.
a'-gthi° ha, excellent; excess. o"'-ga-gthu-5ta i, we bandaged our

a'-gthi° ha, to exceed; to excel, own legs.
a'-a-gthi" ha, I excel. a'-gu-di (Om. same), where,
a'-tha-gthi° ha, you excel. a-hi', he has been to.
wo"-ga'-gthi° ha i, we excel, a-hi-a'bo, coming; he is coming; they
a-gthi" ha wa-ni-zhiu bi a, we had a are coming,
superabundance of rain. a-hi-de', arm, from the middle to the
a-gthi°'ki-e do-ba, eighteen, shoulder joint.
a-gthi' nc-zhi", he returned and a-hi'-gthi", having arrived there I sit.
paused. (From a ritual.) A ritual expression,
a-gthi"' pe-tho°-ba (Om. same), a'-hi", (Om. same), wings.
seventeen. a hi" a, interrogative particle.
a-gthi "'sha-pe (Om. same), sixteen, a'-hi-no"-zhi", he stood on the
—
a-gthi"' stse-dse a-gthi°, a chair; summit,
stse-dse, long: long chair a settee, — a'-hi" u-sa'-gi (Om. same), the hard
a-gthi "'-tha-bthi° (Om. same), thir- part of a wing.
teen, A'-hi"-u-ha-zhi-hi, Red -fore -legs.
â'-wa a-gthi" tha-bthi", thirteen Personal name. Refers to the
horses. reddish brown of the buffalo's legs.
5iu'-lj;a zhi"-ga a-gthi" tha-bthi", A-hi"-u-k'u-dse, Holes-in-the-wings.
thirteen chickens, A personal name. Refers to the
a-gthi" tho"-ba, two sixes; twelve; a spaces in the wings of an eagle,
dozen, a'-hiu mo"-thi°, wings walking; the
giu'-lja zhi"-ga a-gthi" tho"-ba wa- turkey cock,
lj;o"-btha, I want twelve chickens, a'-hiu-ta-ija, the sacred eagle. A
giu'-lja zhi"-ga a-gthi" tho"-ba wa- symbol of the Ho"'-ga a-hiu-to"
shko"-sda, you want twelve chick- gens,
ens. a'-hiu, wings. This expression is also
a-gthi "'-tho"-ba ki-gto —a-gthi "'-th- found in a ritual.
o°-ba, twelve men; a coun-
ki-gto, A'-hiu- ska. White-wings. Personal
cil:a council of twelve men — a jury, name.
a-gthi "'-wi°-xtsi (Om. a-gthi"-wi"), A'-hiu-do-ba, Four-wings. Female
eleven. personal name.
LA FLKSCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 11
a'-hiu-ha, their arms. A ritual term, a'-ki-da a-ba zho°'-zhe-ga-u-gthe

a'-hiu-he, alighted upon, wi° a-thi° bi a, the soldier has a
a'-hiu-ô", who possesses wings. A wooden leg.
ritual term. a'-ki-da do-do °-h.o''-ga, an army
A'-hiu-zhi°-ga, Little-wings. Person- officer of rank.
al name. A'-ki-da-ga-hi-ge, Chief -protector.
a'-ho°-ba, daylight came while they Personal name. Refers to the one
were yet at the same place where who protects the chiefs.
they had halted. a'-ki-da ga-hi-ge, captain. Also used
a'-ho-pshe, contrary; stubborn; ob- as a personal name by the Osage
stinate, and Omaha tribes.
a-ho'-pshe wa-gthi° bi a, he is very —
a'-ki-da m.o°-hi° a-î-da, soldier;
stubborn. mo°-hi°, knife: a sword.
a'-hu-shi-ge, compulsion; to force one a'-ki-da •ô^-wo", a fort, fortification.
to yield, a'-ki-da-tsi, officer's house.
a'-a-hu-shi-ge ha, I compelled him. a'-ki-da u-k'o°, to drill; to engage in
a'-tha-hu-shi-ge ha, you forced him miUtary exercises.
to yield, a-'ki-da u-no°-zhi tse-ga a-ki-da, —
o^'-ga-hu-shi-ga i, we forced him to soldier; u-no°-zhi, standing in;
yield, tse-ga, recent: a recent-soldier-
a'-i-the, to discuss, standing-in; a recruit.
i-a'-the, I discuss, —
a'-ki-da wa-gi-shi-be a-ki-da, sol-
i'-tha-the, you discuss. diers; wa-gi-shi-be, payment of or
i'-o°'-tha i, we discuss. to; payment-of-or-to-soldiers : pen-
a'-i-tsi", to strike with the arm. sion.
a-i-tha'-tsi" ha, I struck him with my a'-ki-da wa-to°-ga —a-ki-da, guards,
arm. soldiers; wa-to°-ga, great ones or
a-i'-tha-tsi" ha, you struck him with principals: officers.
your arm. a'-ki-da wa-to°-ga, an officer of high
a-ka', is. rank, a general.
a'-k'a, the south wind. a'-ki-da zhi°-ga, a private (soldier).
A'-k'a, South-wind. Personal name. A'-ki-da-zh.i°-ga, Little soldier. Per-
Refers to a life symbol. sonal name.
a'k'a-dsi, archaic name for south. a'-ki-dsi-ge, sweep aside in masses.
A'-k'a-hiu-e, Wind-is-from-the-south. a-ki'-e tha-ha, when I get home.
a-ka i° da, he is. a-ki'-gtha-th.i°, to keep for them-
A'-k'a-mi-tse-xi, South-wind-Mi-na- selves.
the-favorite. The term Mi-na is a-ki'-gth.i°, returns to his own seat.
given to the first daughter. a'-ki-gthi° (Om. same), to sit upon one
A'-k'a-wi^, South-wind-woman. Fe- another.
male personal name. a'ki-gthi°-gthi°, sitting on one an-
a'-kia-5ta, in a pile. other.
zho^'-tse a-â-gta pa-xe, I piled the a'-ki-gtho°, to place one round object
wood. on top of another round object.
zho°' tse a-]j;ia-5ta shka-xe, you piled a'-ki-hi-de, to care for, as to care for a
the wood, child; to attend to.
zhc'-tse a-kia-5ta o°-ga-xa i, we piled a'-a-ki-hi-de, I attended the child,
the wood, a'-tha-ki-hi-de, you attended the
a-kia'-sha, equal in numbers, child.
a'-ki-da, officer or soldier; grenadier; o"'-ga-ki-hi-da i, we attended the
pohceman. child.
a'ki'-da a-ba ba-dse btha-gka wi" a'-ki-h.o°, to go beyond a certain place,
ga-xa bi a, the soldiers made a a'-^ti-ho" bthe ha, I went beyond the
pontoon. place.
67025—32 2
12 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY {bull, log
'-ki-ho" — continued, '-ki-tha-zha-â, make way for them,

a'-ki-lio" stse ha, you went beyond '-ki-the, I cause myself to. A ritual
the place, term.
a'-ti-ho" o"-gSi hi i, we went beyond '-ki-thi-Qta, double; to double a
the place. shawl or a blanket,
'-ki-ho" zo-]â, one chosen who is ha-xi" a'-ki-thi-5ta pa-xe, I doubled
competent to properly conduct a a blanket.
ceremony; a substitute. ha-xi° a'-ki-thi-Qta shka-xe, you
'-ki-ho" the tse, a deeper abyss. doubled a blanket,
'-ki-k'e, to swarm, as a large crowd, ha-xi" a'-ki-thi-gta o»-ga-xai, we
'-ki-ki-gthe, to join poles or boards, doubled the blanket,
a'-a-lyi-lji-gthe, I joined two boards, '-ki-thi-tse, that which lies across;
a'-tha-ki-lji-gthe, you joined two the breast.
boards, '-ki-thu-to°, opposite.
o^'-ga-ki-ki-gtha i, we joined two '-ki-to°-be (Om. same), discreet; to
boards. guard one's self against trouble.
'-ki-ki-pa, to meet together; to meet {See no°'-xe ga-gi.)
one another, a'-a-ki-to°-be, I am discreet.
u-xtha-be ke-dse o°-ga-ki-ki-pa i ha, a'-tha-ki-to"-be, you are discreet.
we met in the forest, o°'-ga-ls:i-to°-ba i, we are discreet.
wa'-a-ki-ki-pa, I met with them, '-ki-wi-§i-si, the little animals that
wa'-tha-ki-ki-pa, you met with them. leap upon one another when at
'-ki-ko°, leaning against each other, play. (From a ritual.)
'-ki-no^-zhi", to protect, -ki'-xo-be, to have respect for
a'-a-no^-zhi" ha, I protect. another,
a'-tha-no°-zhi°, you protect, a'-a-xo-be ha, I have respect for
o^-ga'-gi-no^-zhi"we protect. i, him.
'-ki-o°-the u-mo°-ka, spread easily; a'-tha-xo-be ha, you have respect for
infectious. him.
'-ki-pa (Om. same), to meet another. o°'-ga-xo-ba i, we have respect for
a'-a-ki-pa, I met him. him.
a'-tha-ki-pa, you met him. '-ki-zhi, one piece of tree piled on
o"'-ga-ki-pa i, we met him. another,
'-ki-pa-rao°-gthe, to He with head '-ki-zhi", self-esteem.
to head, '-ko-i-pshe, to have misgivings,
'-ki-pa-ts'u, the blocking of a nar- a'-a'ko-i-pshe, I had misgivings,
row passage by men or animals. a'-tha-ljo-i-pshe, you had misgivings.
'-^-pe-to°, tangled up in a rope, as a o°'-ga-ko-i-psha i, we had misgivings,
tethered horse. '-ko" (Om. a'-lj:o"-ta), muscle of the
'-]^-sho-ga, dense; density; a dense arm.
crowd; a dense forest. a'-lco" o°-ni-e ha, my muscle is sore.
'-ki-tha (Om. same), to contend as '-ko° bu-gi-Qi, a pulsating vein in the
in a fight, arm.
a'-a-ki-btha, I contend, '-ko" (Om. same), to lean on a post,
a'-tha-ki-na, you contend. tree, or rock,
Qo'-ga-ki-tha contend.
i, we a'-a-ko", I lean on a rock,
'-ki-tha-5ka-be (Om. same), to at- a'-tha-ko", j'ou lean on a rock.
tach two objects together. o"'-ga-ko" i, we lean on a rock.
'-ki-tha-5ta, the sticking of one '-k'o°-gi-the (Om. same), to falter;
object to another, to hesitate,
'-ki-tha tse, defiance; to defy. a'-k'o" a-gi-the, I hesitate,
'-ki-tha-zha-ta, the parting of in a'-k'o" tha-gi-the, you hesitate.
forked lines. (From a ritual.) a'-k'o° o°-gi-tha i, we hesitate.
LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONAEY 13
a'-ko°-gthe, to envy, a'-mc-shi — continued.

a'-a-ljc-gthe, I envy. a'-mo°-shi ne ha, you went upstairs.
a'-tha-ko°-gthe, you envy. a'-mo°shi o°-ga tha i ha, we went
o°'-ga-ko°-gtha i, we envy. upstairs.
a'-ko°-gthe, whippoorwill. a'-mo"-shi-a-ta, above; up there,
a-k'c-he, to sign a name on paper, a-ni', having in your hands.
wa-gthe-ce i-zha-zhe a'-a-k'o° he, I a'-ni-do° ga-xe, to make farm lands
signed, wet by artificial means; to irrigate.
wa-gthe-ge i-zha-zhe a'-tha-lj'o" he, a'-ni-do° pa-xe, I irrigated,
you signed, a'-ni do° shka-xe, you irrigated.
wa-gthe-ge i-zha-zhe o°-ga-gi-k'o° ha a'ni-do° o°-ga-xa i, we irrigated.
i, we signed. a-ni'ka-shi-ga, I am a person having
a'-ko°-ta, wristband; wrist guard. that power. An expression from a
a'-ko° to"-ga, muscle of the arm or ritual.
foreleg, a'-no°-§e, to surround; to cut off a
a'-kshe, a sleeve. retreat.
a'-kshi°-dse, I struck a blow that a'-a-no°-5e, I surround.
glanced away. a'-tha-no°-5e, you surround.
tha'-kshi°-dse, you struck a blow o°'-ga-no°-5a we surround.
i,
that glanced away. a'-no°-5o°-dse, to prevent paper from

o°-ga'-kshi°-dsa i, we struck a blow blowing away by placing the foot
that glanced away. on it.
a'-mi-de (Om. same), to creep or a'-no°-ge, to run over a person.
crawl on a log. a'-a-no°-ge ha, I ran over him.
zho° ke a'-a-mi-de ha, I crept on the a'-tha-no°-ge ha, you ran over him.
log. o°-ga'-no°-ga i, we ran over him.
zho° ke a-tha-mi-de ha, you crawled a'-no°-ko-ge, floor; porch.
on the log. a'no°-k'o°, to cause to be heard by
zho"' ke o°'-ga-mi-da i, we crawled Wa-ko°'da.
on the log. a'-no°-k'o" (Om. same), to harken; to
a'-mi-xe, a crowd; a great gathering; listen to; to obey.
a throng; a legion. a'-a-no°lj:'o°, I listen to.
a'-rao°-gthe, to plant a pole upright. a'-tha-no°-k'o°, you listen to.
a'-mc-ka-e wa-tha-zhi, intolerable.
o'>'-ga-no°-k'o" i, we listen to.
a'-rao°-ka-zhi, to become impatient
a'-no°-k'o° zhi, to disobey.
with another; a nuisance.
a'-a-no°-k'o° mo°-zhi, I disobey,
a'-mo°-ka-zhi wa-tha, he is a nui-
a'-tha-no^-t'o" a-zhi, you disobey.
sance.
o°'-no°-ko° ba-zhi i, we disobey.
a'-a-mo°-lia mo°-zhi, I am impatient
a'-no°-k'u (Om. same), to cover a
with him.
thing with dirt by use of the foot.
a'-tha-mo°-ka a-zhi, you are impa-
a'-a-no°-k'u, I covered it.
tient with him.
a'-tha-no°-k'u, you covered it.
o°-ga'-mo°-ka ba-zhi i, we are
impatient with him. o°ga'-no°-k'u i, we covered it.
a'-mc-ko" u-zhi, to vaccinate. a'-no°-ku-ge — upon; no°, action of

a,
a'-mo°-ko° o°-wo°-zhi bi a, I have the feet; ku-ge, thud thud-upon- —

been vaccinated. by-action-of-the-feet: a porch.
a'-mo°-ko° u-thi-zhi bi a, you have a'-no°-ku-ge tha-gthi"" wi° a-bthi°, I
been vaccinated. have a nice porch,
a'-mo°-ko° u-wa-zhi bi a, we have a'-no^-ku-ge gtho°-the wi° a-ni, you
been vaccinated. have a nice porch.
a'-ino°-8hi, upstairs. a'-no°-stsu-dse, to kick off moccasins
a'-mo°-shi bthe ha, I went upstairs.| on some object.
—
'-no"-ta-xi- — a, on which to; no°, I'-pe, to invite one to go on a journey,

action of the feet; ta-xi, clattering or on a fishing trip; to persuade,
noise: shoes. a'-a-pe, I invited him to go fishing,
a'-no"-ta-xi wi-ta a-ka ga-be bi a, my a'-tha-pe, you invited him to go
shoes arc black. fishing.
'-no"-tha (Om. same), to over- o°'-ga-pa i, we invited him to go

fishing.
shadow; to obscure,
the
I'-po-ga, downward; the descent of
mi a-ka nio°-xpi a-no°-tha bi a,
the sun.
sun is obscured by a cloud.
mi a'-po-ga do°, when the sun takes
'-no"-xthe (Om. same), to hide some-
its downward course.
thing; to secrete; to conceal,
i,'-po-ki, I struck with a noise. Used
a'-a-no^-xthe, I concealed it.
in a ritual.
a'-tha-no"-xthe, you concealed it.
I'-pshe, to walk on, or to go from
o"'-ga-no°-xtha i, we concealed it.
house to house,
'-no°-zhi", to stand on. a'-pshe bthe ha, I go.
a'-a-no"-zhi", I stand on something, a'-pshe ne ha, you go.
a'-tha no^-zhi", you stand on some- a'-pshe o°-ga tha i, we go.
thing. I'-shi-be, evade or overcome. I
o°'-ga no"-zhi° i, we stand on evade all difficulties. A ritual
something. term.
'-no°-zhi° (Om. same) to rain on. I'-shi-mo^-ko" (Om. same), to kneel
o°-no°'-zhi°, it rained on me. on something.
a-thl'-no°-zhi°, it rained on you. a'-a-shi-mo°-ko°, I kneel on some-
wa'-no"-zhi° i, it rained on us. thing.
-no°'-zhi" a-to° hi o, I stand up. a'-tha-shi-mo°-ko°, you kneel on
'-nC-zhi^-gthe — a, on which to; something,
no°-zhi°, gthe, a thing
stand; o^-ga'-shi-mo^-ko" i, we kneel on
placed in an upright position something.
thing-p lace d-in-an-u p r i g h t-posi- t'-shi-o°-tha, to oust; to eject; to be
tion-on-which-to-stand: stairs. put out of one's own house,
a'-no°-zhi''-gthe tse o°-wo°-xpa-the, a'-shi-o^-btha, I ousted him.
I fell down the stairs. a'-shi-o°-shta, you ousted him.
'-no°-zhi°-zho°, I took the Rite of a'-shi-o°-o°-tha i, we ousted him.
Vigil. This is a ceremonial occa- t'-shi-ta, outside.
sion, and lasts from six to seven

/-shi the (Om. same), exit; to go out.
a'-shi bthe a tha, I am going out.
days, during which time the person
a'-shi ne a tha, you are going out.
seeks quiet and solitude. He
fasts and Wa-ko°-da, and
cries to a'-shi o°-ga tha i a-tha, we are going
waits for a sign of approval from out.
the Supernatural. (For fuller ac- t'-shka (Om. same), near; close by;
count see pp. 69 and 70, 36th Ann. short distance,
Rept. B. A. E; also No°-zhi°-zho'», a'-shka xtsi mo°-bthi", I walked a
same volume.) short distance,
a'-shka xtsi mo°-ni ha, you walked a
-pa', they are.
short distance,
'-pa-bo, a slope
a'-shka xtsi o"-mo°-thi° i, we
'-pa-ge, to remain in camp for two or
walked a short distance,
more days. /-â, beyond.
'-pa-k'e, to cut meat close to the t'-ta-gthe, to place a small object on a
bone, saddle,
.-pa'-tsi, Apache, a'-a-ta-gthe, I placed a small object
'-pa-xthu-dse, to flesh the hide. on a saddle.
'-â-gthe —continued, a'-tha-k'a be (Om. same), slope of a

a'-tha-ta-gthe, you placed a scnall hill.'
object on a saddle. a'-tha-xi°, has shrunken.

o"'-ga-ta-gtha i, we placed a small a'-tha-xi°, the receding waters in a
object on a saddle, flood; (2) to subside,
'-â-kshi", to stumble; to stub the a'-thi-'a, to drop medicine into water,
toe. a'-thi-btha, to spread oilcloth,
a'-a-ta-kshi", I stubbed my toe. a'-bthi-btha, I spread oilcloth,
a'-tha-ta-kshi", you stubbed your toe. a'-ni-btha, you spread oilcloth,
o^'-ga-ta-kshi" i, we stubbed our o^'-ga-thi-btha i, we spread oilcloth.
toes, a'-thi-§o°-dse, to clasp one's legs
'-tha, indeed; truly. around a horse when riding bare-
'-tha-'a-be, the side of a hill; a steep back; (2) to hold firmly between
incline, the hands or fingers; to squeeze.
-tha' bi e-gko", perhaps he has gone, a-bthi-50°-dse, I squeeze.
'-tha-cc-dse (Om. same), to hold a'-ni-50°-dse, j'ou squeeze.
an object firmlj' with the teeth; to o°'-ga-thi-go°-dsa i, we squeeze.
close the teeth tightly. a'-thi-do°, to pull over one, as a
'-tha-Qta, to stick together as two blanket; (2) to shut, as a door,
pieces of wood are stuck with a'-bthi-do", I pulled it over me.
glue. a'-shni-do°, you pulled it over.
'-tha-sta-no°-zhi°, to stand close to o°'-ga-thi-do° i, we pulled it over.
a trunk of a tree, a'-thi-do° hi e-go° — a-thi-do", to pull
'-tha-de, to recite, on; hi, to arrive at; e-go°, Hke:
a'-btha-de, I recite, sudden,
a'-na-de, you recite. a'-thi-gi-xe, the bend in a road; a
o°'-ga-tha-da i,we recite, circle.
'-tha-dse, to make a motion; motion a'-thi-ko° zho" — a-thi-ljo", lay on
to adjourn. either side; zho°, sleep: to recline,
ba'-no°-the a-btha-dse, I move to a'-thi-iô" a-zho°, I recline.
adjourn. a'-thi-]jo° tha-zho", you recline.
ba'-no°-the a-shta-dse, you move to a'-thi-ô° o°-zho° i, we recUne.
adjourn. a'thi-k'u (Om. same), to pull earth
ba'-no°-the o°-ga-tha-dsa i, we move over some object,
to adjourn. a'-bthi-k'u, I pull earth over it.
.'-tha-dse, to nominate; to make a a'-shni-k'u, you pull earth over it.
motion, o°'-ga-thi-lj;'u i, we pull earth over
a'-btha-dse, I nominate, it.
a'-na-dse, you nominate. a'-thi-ku-sha, a tine in an elk's horn;

o°'-ga-tha-dsa i, we nominate. brow antlers.
,'-tha-ge, to feather arrow shafts. a'-thi-shto° (Om. same), the stopping
mo°-a-btha-ge, I feathered the arrow of a fever or a pain.
shafts. a-thi°' (Om. same), to have.
mo°-a'-shda-ge, you feathered the a-bthi°', I have,
arrow shafts, a-ni', you have.
mo^-o^-ga-tha-ga i, we feathered the o°-ga'-thi° i, we have.
arrow shafts. a'-thi° (Om. same), a ridge or divide.
I'-tha-ha (Om. same), to stick to one a'-thi°-bo-5a, on a slant; obUque.
as does mud. a'-thi^-ski-da, a gap in a ridge.
o»'-tha-ha, mud sticks to me. a'-thi°-da-se wa-tha zhi, a copper-
a'-thi-tha-ha, mud sticks to you. head snake. A person bitten by a
I'-tha-ha thi"-ge, entirely naked; copperhead is not able to reach his
nude. home.
.
16 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULLi 109
thi"' da-se-wa-the, an adder. It a'-thi-ta (Om. same), to go across

is commonly believed that a person country; across the bend of a
bitten by an adder can not reach river; to violate a law.
the nearest hill toward home, so a'-thi-ta-bthe, I went across country.
deadly is its poison. a'-thi-ta stse, you went across
thi" gi (Om. same), to fetch. country,
a'-bthi" pi, I fetch. a'-thi-ta o°-ga-tha i, we went across
a'-ni shki, you fetch. country,
o"-ga'-thi° o"-ga-gi i, we fetch. a'-thi-ta, one who violates a taboo,
•thi"'-gthe (Om. same), to take some- a'-thi-ta dsi i-e, to interrupt a con-
thing home. versation between two people;
a-bthi°-a-gthe, I took something (2) to interpolate,
home. a'-thi-xe (Om. same), the marriage of
a-ni' tha-gthe, you take something a woman,
home. a'-thc-gka a(?), of what size is it?
o^-ga'-thi"" o°-ga-gtha i, we took how large?

something home. a'-tho-to°, to oppose.
•thi°-gthi (Om. same), to bring a'-a-ki-tho-to°, I oppose.
something home. a'-tha-ki-tho-to°, you oppose.
a-bthi° a-gthi, I brought something o°-ga'-ki-tho-to° i, we oppose.
home. a'-thu-5ta, to bind a leg.
a-ni' tha-gthi, you brought something zhe-ga a'bthu-gta, I bind a leg.
home. zhe-ga a'-ni-gta, you bind a leg.
o°-ga'-thi° o^-ga-gthi i, we brought a-thu'-ha, again,
something home. a'-thu-ta, to go across country by the
•thi°' he no°, in my walk of life. most direct way.
thi"'he, in my life movements. A a'-thu-ta the, to diverge,
ritual term. a'-thu-tse, violation of a taboo or
•thi'^'-he i° da, in the course of my law.
life. A ritual term. a'-bthu-tse, I violated the law.
•thi"' he no", I am in the habit of a'-ni-tse, you violated the law.
doing this as I travel in life's o°'-ga-thu-tsa i, we violated the law.
pathway. (From a ritual.) a'-thu-xe, to take a husband.

thi°' he o (Om. same), as I go forth. a'-to° (Om. same), to tread upon; to
thi°' he the (fem. sp.), as I travel step upon.
or go forth. a'-a-to°, I tread upon (the ground).
•thi°'hi (Om. same), to reach a place a'-tha-to°, you tread upon (the
with some object. ground)
•thi"'-hi°-da, I have always. on-ga'-to" i, we tread upon (the
-thi" pa-Qi (Om. same), the summit ground).
of a hill. a-to°-he, I stand. A ritual term.
-thi° pa-gi zhu-dse, Red-hill-top. a-to° he i" da, as I stand. A ritual
According to Bacon Rind the term,
name should be Mo°-ha pa-gi a-tsia'-tha, to pass by.
zhu-dse, which means Red Cliffs. a-tsi'-bthe o°-tho° tha-the, you saw
This was the sixteenth camp of the me pass along,
first trail; (2) this was also the a-^si'-e the, Ihave come,
sixteenth camp of the second a-tsi'i" do, Ihave come.
buffalo trail. a'-tsi° ga-ba-xe —
a-tsi°, fever; ga-ba-
thi°'-the (Om. same), to take away xe, demolisher; fever-demolisher:
an object. quinine,
a-bthi°'-bthe, I took itaway. a-tsi'-nc-zhi", came and stood,
a-ni' stse, you took it away. a-u, masculine oral stop.
o°-ga'-thi° o°-ga-tha i, we took it a-u'-btha-gka, lower part of arm.
away. a-u'-Qki-da, armpit.
i-u'-ki-te (Om. same), joints of the a'-xo-be, deference; respect,

arms. a'-a-xo-be, I respected it.
I'-u-shc-sho", the wrist. a'-tha-xo-be, you respected it.
a'-u-sho°-sho" tse o°-ni-e ha, my o°-ga'-xo-ba i, we respected it.
wrist pains. a'-xthu-e (Om. same), to exude, as
i-u-to°'-ga, the arm above the elbow. from the gum weed; (2) dripping
i,'-u-zhi°-ga (Om. same), lower or of sap from a tree or plant after
forearm, from the elbow down to flowing,
and including the wrist. a-zhi', is not.
—
I'-wa-no^-bthe a, on which to; a'-zhi°, to think or suppose that.
wa-no^-bthe, —
eat on-which-to- a'-zhi°-mi, I think or suppose.
eat: a table. a'-zha-zhi°, you think or suppose.
i.'-wa-no°-bthe a-thi-btha, oilcloth a'-zhi-do°, dew falling on a person,
for table use; as a tablecloth. a-zhi"' tha, think you.
i'-wa-no°-bthe tse-dsi a-gthi^-ge a'-zho° (Om. same), to He upon.
i-tse-tha i-a he, place the chairs a'-zho° (Om. same), bed; bedstead;
at the table. couch; lounge,
i'-wa-thi-gtho° (Om. same), to de- a-zho"' ke a'-a-zlio°, I lie upon a
liberate; to consider. couch,
i'-wa-bthi-gtho°, I considered it. a-zho" ke a-tha-zho°, you lie upon
a'-wa-ni-gtho", you considered it. a couch.
on'-ga-wa-thi-gtho" i, we considered a'-zho°-5o°-5o°-tha, a cradle; a crib,
it. a'-zhc-gi-the, to meet; join another,
i-wa-zha, to doubt another's state- a'-zhc-mc-ge — a, on which to; zho°,
ment, sleep; mo^-ge, iron — iron-on-which-
e'-zha, I doubt his statement, to-sleep: bed.
the-zha, you doubt his statement, a'-zho° zhi°-ga, a divan.
gi'-zha, they doubt his statement. a'-zho° zhi°-ga thi-ta, your divan.
i-xi'-be, lower arm; the foreleg. a'-zho° zhi^-ga wi-ta, my divan.
i-xi'-be tha-â tse a bi a, the left a'-zhu, to put a number of articles on
wrist it is said. This is an expres- a rack,
sion taken from a ritual. a'-zhu, the arm above the elbow,
I'-xo-ba-bi, inviolable; can not be a'-zhu-ba, solemn; solemnity,
violated. a'-zhu-ga-wa, muscles of the arm
I'-xo-ba zhi, to desecrate, grown flaccid with age. A ritual
a'-a-xo-ba mo°-zhi, I desecrated it. term.
a'-tha-xo-ba a-zhi, you desecrated it.
o^'-ga-xo-ba-ba-zhi i, we desecrated
it.
ba, a prefix to denote the act of cutting ba-a'-ge — continued.

with a knife, shpa'-a-5e, you check the advance.
ba, they. o°-ba'-a-gai, we check the advance.
ba, a plural sign, ba-a'-ki-gtha-sho°, to turn an object

ba (Om. ma), snow, upside down by pushing.
ba, a verb prefix denoting an act is pa'-a-ki-gtha-sho°, I turned it upside
done with a stick, spear, or any down,
other sharp thing. shpa'-a-ki-gtha-sho", you turned it
ba-a'-5e, to repel; to drive back; to upside down.

check the advance of. o°-ba'-a-ki-gtha-sho° i, we turned it
pa'-a-ge, I check the advance. upside down.

..
18 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BUIX. 109
ba-ba'-s'i°, to cause one's head to ba'-bthe-ka, to cut meat or bread in

bend down by pushing. thin slices,
pa'-ba-5'i°, I caused his head to bend ta'-do-ka tho° ba-a-bthe-â, I cut the
down, meat thin,
shpa'-ba-g'i", I pushed his head ta'-do-lja tho° ba-tha-bthe-lja, you
down. cut the meat thin.
o°-ba'-ba-5'i° i, we pushed his head pa-bthe-lj:a, I cut the meat in thin
down. slices,
ba'-ba-ba-xe, to cut a cord or rope in shpa'-bthe-lja, you cut the meat in
pieces, thin sHces.
pa'-ba-ba-xe, I cut a rope in pieces, o°-ba'-bthe-ka i, we cut the meat in
shpa'-ba-ba-xe, you cut a rope in thin slices.
pieces, ba-ga'-da, to stretch out.
o^-ba'-ba-xa i, we cut a rope in pa'-5a-da, I stretch out (a blanket),
pieces, shpa'-ga-da, you stretch out (a
ba'-ba-xe, to cut a cord or a rope with blanket)
a knife, o^-ba'-ga-da i, we stretch out (a
ba'-a-ba-xe, I cut the rope with a blanket)
knife, ba-sa'-thu, to make a rattling sound
ba'-tha-ba-xe, you cut the rope with as does the gourd rattle,
a knife. pa'-ga-thu, I made a rattling sound,
ba'-o°-ba-xa i, we cut the rope with shpa'-ga-thu, you made the gourd
a knife. rattle.
ba-be'-si°, to turn the edge of any o"-ba'-ga-thu i, we made the gourds

piece of thin metal, by punching rattle.
or bending, ba'-§e, to cut hair, cord, or rope with a

knife,
pa'-be-gi", I turn the edge by bend-
ing. we'-thi" ke ba'-a-ge o, I cut the rope.
shpa'-be-5i°, you turned the edge by we'-thi° ke ba'-tha-ge o, you cut the
bending. rope,
o°-ba'-be-5i° i, we turned the edge by we'-thi" ke C-ba-ga i, we cut the
bending, rope,
ba-btha'-btha-xe, pushed the water

ba-ge', a woman's breast,
ba-ge'-i", a child suckling at its
into ripples or into waves. A ritual
mother's breast.
term,
ba-5e'i°, same as wa-tha'do°.
ba'-btha-ge, to cut an animal (buffalo)
ba-ge-i'-ta-xe, the tip of a woman's
open when butchering,
breast; the nipple.
ba'-a-btha-ge, I cut the animal open,
ba-5e'-]f'i, the act of a mother suck-
ba'-tha-btha-ge, you cut the animal
ling her child.
open.
ba'-o°-btha-Qa i, we cut the animal
ba-ge'-ni, milk — ba-ge', udder; ni,
water,
open,
ba-ge'-ni tse a-tse, I skim the milk.
ba'-btha-k'a, to flatten a piece of
wood, or make smooth as with a
—
ba-§e'-ni ga-gi ba-ge'-ni, milk; ga-gi,
hard: cheese,
plane,
ba-ge'-ni ga-gi o^-gu, I like cheese,
ba'-a-btha-k'a, I flattened the wood ba-ge'-ni ga-gi thi-gu, you like
by cutting, cheese.
ba'-tha-btha-lj'a, you flattened the ba-ge'-ni gki-the, sweet milk.
wood by cutting.
ba-ge'-ni hi (Cersium), a plant used
ba'-o°-btha-l^'a i, we flattened the for fattening horses.
wood by cutting,
ba-ge'-ni ni-we-k'u-dse wi°, a quart
ba-btha'-xe, wavelets. of milk.
.
LA FLXSCHS] OSAGE DICTIONARY 19
ba-ge'-ni thi-stsu-e, to milk, ba-gke'-be, to scrape water from a hide

ba-ge'-ni, bthi-stsu-e, I milk. in the process of tanning,
ba-5e'-ni hni, stsu-e, you milk, pa'-gke-be, I scraped the water from
i, we milk
ba-ge'-ni o°-thi, stsu-a the hide,
ba-ce'-ni ts'a-the. sour milk. shpa'-gke-be, you scraped the water
oa-se'-ni we-gthi, butter. from the hide.
ba-ge'-ni-we-gthi, cream. o°-ba'-gke-ba i, we scraped the water
ba-ê'-ni-we-gthi wa-gki-the i-da'-be from the hide,
o°-gu, I like cream on fruit, ba'-gke-be, to hew or shave to the
ba-ge'-ni-we-gthi wa-gki-the i-da'-be desired size,
thi-gu, you like cream on fruit. ba'-a-gke-be, I shaved it.
ba-se'-pa, nipple; teat. ba'-tha-gke-be, you shaved it.
ba-ge' th.a-shto°, wean; weaned; to o°-ba'-gke-ba i, we shaved it.

stop nursing. ba-gkiu', near; side by side; contiguous;
ba-se'-thu-ge, cutting out the udder adjacent.
of a buffalo when butchering. ba-sno°'th.a-gthi°, cutlet.
ba-ge'-wa-tha-ge, katydid. The ba-gno°, to roast meat of any kind
Osage women lived in fear of the over the fire on a sharpened stick.
katydid. The meat on the shoulder blade is
ba'-gi, hailstones. This is a Ufe sym- usually roasted in such fashion,
bol of the Ni'-lja wa-ko°-da-gi gens and it is from this that the shoulder
of the Osage. This gens represents blade got its name (wa-ba'-gno°
the cloud region of the sky. When wa-hi)
the people of this gens descended pa'-gno°, I roast meat on a sharpened
from the sky to make the earth stick.
their home, they came to the first shpa'-gno°, you roasted meat on a
division of the sky where their sharpened stick,
runner met Ni-lja wa-ko°-da-gi, o^-ba'-gnoî, we roasted meat on a
the ruler of the cloud region. On sharpened stick.
reporting this meeting to the ba-gno°'-tha, to shell corn by running
people the runner described him as a sharp stick between the rows of
a fear-inspiring man, and therefore grain in a cob.
his name must be " Fear-inspiring," pa'-gno°-tha, I shelled the corn with
they said. The people then a sharp stick.
^ adopted this as a personal name, shpa'-gno°-tha, you shelled the corn
No°'-pe-wa-the. Ni'-â wa-]ô°- with a sharp stick.
da-gi offered to the people his pro- o°-ba'-gno°-tha i, we shelled the corn
tection, and gave them two sacred with a sharp stick.
names, Gthe-do°' zhi^-ga, "Little ba'-go°, from the cedars; the north. A
Hawk," and Gthe-do°'wi°, "Hawk ritual term.
woman," which they use to this ba'-go°-dsi, north.
day. (See pp. 278 and 279, Unes ba'-go°hi, spruce or pine trees.
36-51, 36th Ann. Rept. B. A. E.) ba'-go° hi, tse u-thi-btha xta a-the
ba-gi', to drive away, ha, I like the smell of the pine tree.
pa'-gi, I drive away, ba'-go° hi ga-xa wa-hu-stsa wi°
shpa'-gi, you drive away. ko°-btha, give me a sprig of the
o°-ba'-gi i, we drive away. pine tree.
ba-gi'ge, to sting; stung by a bee or a ba-gpo°', to nudge with the hand, the
elbow, or with a stick to attract
ba-gi'-ge, spiked. the attention of another.
ba-8'i°'-tha, wrinkles. pa'-gpo°, I nudged with my hand,
Ba'-giu-ô°-ga, Big-tail, Personal shpa'-gpo", you nudged with your
name. hand.
—
ba-spo°' continued. ba-dse' o-pshe-tse, a boat landing; a
c-ba'-Qpo" i, we nudged with tlie our wharf; a dock,
hands. ba-dse' o-pshe tse, ferry,
ba-gu', pokeweed {Veratrum viride). —
ba-dse' pe-dse ba-dse, boats; pe-dse,
This is similar to the Indian poke fire: steamboat.
used as an emetic. ba-dse u'-thu-ga-hi ba-dse, boat; —

ba-da'-ka-dse, to be hot from a fever, u-thu-ga-hi, to row with, an oar:
o^'-ba-da-lja-dse, I am hot from fever, a rowboat.
thi'-ba-da-lfa-dse, you are hot from ba-dse' zhi°-ga —ba-dse, boat; zhi°-
fever, ga, small: small boat; pirogue,
ba'-da-pa, to cut a piece of skin round ba-dsu'-tha, any article of clothing
Hke a shield, or a piece of wood punched full of holes with sharp
into the shape of a ball, sticks,
pa'-da-pa, I cut the skin round, pa'-dsu-tha, I punched the clothes
ba'-tha-da-pa, j'ou cut the piece of full of holes,
wood round. shpa'-dsu-tha, you punched the
o°-ba'-da-pa i, we cut the wood clothes full of holes.
round. o°-ba'-dsu-tha i, we punched the
ba-da'-zhe, to blister the hands by clothes full of holes.
the use of a tool requiring pushing. ba-dsu'-zhe, to open a sore to let the
sha'-ge pa-da-zhe, I blistered my pus out.
hands, pa'-dsu-zhe, I opened the sore,
sha'-ge shpa-da-zhe, you blistered shpa'-dsu-zhe, you opened the sore.
your hands, o"-ba'-dsu-zha i, we opened the sore,
sha'-ge o°-ba'-da-zha i, we blistered ba'-ga-sho-dse, bhzzard; snow driven
our hands, by the wind like smoke,
ba-da'-zhi, to extinguish a
poking,
fire by —
ba-gi'-dse ba, an act of pushing;
gi-dse, squeak: a fiddle,
pa'-da-zhi, I extinguish the fire by ba-gi-dse ke spa' -gi-dse ha, you play
poking it.
the fiddle.
shpa'-da-zhi, you extinguish the fire
ba'-gi-xe, to cut a finger or hand.
by poking it.
no°-be pa'-gi-xe, I cut my finger.
o°-ba'-da-zhi i, we extinguish the fire
your
no°-be shpa'-gi-xe, you cut
by poking it.
finger,
ba-do', a knoll; a small hill; hillock.
no "-be o°-ba'-gi-xa i, we cut our
ba-do°', to push.
fingers.
pa'-do°, I push.
ba'-go°, to whittle a piece of wood
shpa'-do°, you push.
o°-ba'-do" i, we push.
down to the desired size.
ba'-a-go°, I whittle a piece of wood,
ba-do"', they were. A ritual term.
ba'-tha-go", you whittle a piece of
ba-dse', any kind of a boat.
ba-dse' a-ba u'-ga-bi-xo° tha-bthi° wood.
wa-to" bi a, the boat has three o°-ba'-go" i, we whittled the piece of
sails.
wood.
ba-dse' btha-§ka — ba-dse, boat; btha- ba-gu'-dse, to probe into a hole, as
5ka, flat: flat boat; (2) a pontoon, cleaning a pipe with a stick,
ba-dse' ha, a skin boat. pa'-gu-dse, I cleaned my pipe with a
ba-dse' ni pa ha i-the, the sinking of stick,
a boat, shpa'-gu-dse, you cleaned your pipe

ba-dse' ni pa-ha i-the a-the, I sink the with a stick.
boat, o°-ba'-gu-dsa i, we cleaned our

ba-dse' ni pa-ha i-the tha-the, you pipes with a stick,
sank the boat, ba-ha, to exhibit; to hold to view; to
ba-dse' ni pa-ha i-the o°-tha i, we offer. These terms are used in the
sank the boat. ritual also.
.
ba-ha', to show; to display, ba'-k'a-be — continued.

pa' -ha, I show, ba'-o°-k'a-ba i, we made a notch in a
shpa'-ha, you show. stick.
o"-ba'-ha i, we show, ba'-^'a hi, cottonwood tree {Povulus
ba-ha' i-ba-ho" wa-k'i ba-ha, to — sargentii). This is a sacred tree
present; i-ba-ho°, for purpose of and is used as a symbol in the
knowing; wa-fi, give: to-present- Osage rites.
for-purpose-of-knowing; to intro- ba'-k'a-k'a-be, to cut notches in a

duce, piece of wood,
ba-he', the height of the wigwam. ba'-a-t'a-^'a-be, I cut notches in the
From a wi-gi-e. wood,
ba'-he-i-the-a-tha, to cause one to ba'-tha-^'a-k'a-be, you cut notches
stagger, by pushing, in the wood.
pa' -he i-the-a-tha I caused him to o°-ba'-k'a-lj;'a-ba i, we cut notches in
stagger, the wood.
shpa'-he i-the-tha-the, you caused Ba'-k'a Zho-i-ga-the, Cotton-tree
him to stagger. People. A subgens of the Ke'-ki°
o°-ba'-he i-the-o"-tha i, we caused gens; acts as Sho-ka for itself and
him to stagger. the Ke-k'i".
ba-hi', to pick, as selecting one from ba-ki'-gtha-sho°, to push an object
many; (2) to sort; to sort the good so that it turns upside down,
from the bad; (3) picked; selected; pa'-ki-gtha-sho", I pushed it upside
the best, down.

pa' -hi, I picked, shpa'-ki-gtha-sho°, you pushed it
shpa'-hi, you picked, upside down.

o^-ba'-hi i, we picked, C-ba'-ki-gtha-sho" i, we pushed it
ba-hi'-dse, to point the muzzle of a upside down,
gun lower; (2) to aim lower than ba-k'i^'-tha, the wrinkles. (From a
the mark, ritual.)
pa-hi'-dse, I aimed the gun lower, ba-k'i'-tha, to give a dig or punch or
shpa'-hi-dse, you aimed the gun lower. to scratch an itching part of the
o°-ba'-hi-dsa i, we pointed the gun back to get rehef
lower, no°'-fe;a o°-tha-^'i-tha, I scratched
—
ba-hiu'-the ba, snow; hiu-the, com- my back.
ing: snowstorm. no°'-ka thi-tha-k'i-tha, you scratched
ba-hi' -xtsi, eUte; picked from the best your back,
of the people, ba-ki'-tha-ha, to push apart two
ba-hni'-tse, an attack of malaria or objects with a stick or pole,
chills. pa'-ki-tha-ha, I pushed them apart
ba-ho"', pounded parched corn, served with a pole,
with broth, shpa'-ki-tha-ha, you pushed them
ba-ho"', to raise an object by pushing. apart with a pole,
ba-hu'-to°, to make an animal cry or o^-ba'-ki-tha-ha i, we pushed them
growl by punching with a stick. apart with a pole,
ba'-i^-zhi, to fail to cut because of dull ba-ko'-ge, a thud, caused by thrusting
knife, a stick against an object,
ba'-a-i" mo°-zhi, I failed to cut it. pa'-ko-ge, I caused a thudding
ba'-tha-i° a-zhi, you failed to cut it. sound,
ba'-k'a-be, to make a notch in a stick shpa'-ko-ge, you caused a thudding
with a sharp knife, sound.
ba'-a-k'a-be, I made a notch in a ba'-ko no"-zhi° o', to stand bent over,
stick, ba'-ko a-no°-zhi", I stood bent over,

ba'-tha-k'a-be, you made a notch in ba'-ko tha-no°-zhi", you stood bent
a stick. over.
.
22 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 109
ba-kshi^'-dse, to miss an object at ba-ni'-5u-dse, to mash potatoes or

which a thrust is made; to scrape other vegetables.
a hide. pa-ni'-gu-dse, I mashed the potatoes.
pa'-kshi°-dse, I missed the object. shpa-ni'-gu-dse, you mashed the
shpa'-kshi"-dsc,you missed the object. potatoes.
o°-ba'-kshi°-dsa i, we missed the o^-ba'-ni-gu-dsa i, we mashed the
object. potatoes.
ba-k'u', to dig a ditch, ba-ni'-gthu-5e, to soften mush or
pa-lf'u, I dig a ditch, corn meal by adding water and
ehpa'-k'u, you dig a ditch, stirring it.
o^-ba'-k'u i, we dig a ditch. pa'-ni-gthu-ge, I softened the mush

ba-ku'-wi°-xe, to make an object turn with water.
by pushing; to make a horse turn shpa'-ni'-gthu-ge, you softened the
by driving. mush with water,
a'-wa-no°-bthe tho" pa-lj;u-wi''-xe, ba-ni'-ta, to shake with cold; to
I turned the table, shiver.
â'-wa the pa-]j;u-wi°-xe, I made the pa-ni-ta, I shiver.
horse turn, shpa-ni-ta, you shiver.
ka'-wa the shpa-ku-wi°-xe, you made o°-ba-ni-ta i, we shiver.
the horse turn. ba-ni'-^se, malaria.
Ija'-wa the o°-ba-ku-wi°-xa i, we ba-no"'-tha, to disband; to adjourn a
made the horse turn. meeting. (Same as u-ga'-e-btha.)
ba-mo°', to remove the outer skin of ba-no°'-the, recess.
corn by rubbing; to file, Ba'po, the name of a subgens of the
pa' -mo", I removed the outer skin. Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge (Peace) gens
shpa'-mo°, you removed the outer of the Tsi'-zhu tribal division.
skin. The office of the Ba'-po subgens is
o°-ba'-mo° i, we removed the outer to make the pipestem for the
skin. sacred pipe of the Tsi'-zhu gens;
zho° ke pa-rao°, I filed the wood. its meaning is elderberry bush,
zho° ke shpa-mo°, you filed the wood. out of which the pipestem is
ba-nio°'-da-da, to rub the hands with made,

joy; satisfaction. ba-po'-ki, popgun made from the
ba-mc'-shi, to an object by
raise stalk of the elder bush. The
pushing it upward with the hands Osage boys knew how to make a
or with a pole. popgun before contact with the
pa'-mo°-shi, I raised the object with whites.
my hands, ba-po'-ljî wi° a-bthi°, I have a pop-
shpa'-mo^-shi, you raised it with gun.
your hands, ba-po'-lji wi° a-ni, you have a pop-
o^-ba'-mo^-shi i, we raised it with gun.
our hands. ba-po'-ki hi or hiu, elderberry bush
ba-mc'-tha i-the-the, to push a or tree {Sambucus canadensis)
person backward. ba-shda'-dse, to lift something out of
pa'-mo°-tha i-the-a-the, I pushed a hole on the end of a stick or long
him backward. pole.
ehpa'-mo°'-tha i-the-tha-the, you pa'-shda-dse, I lifted it out of the
pushed him backward, hole.
©"-ba'-mo^-tha i-the-o°-tha i, we shpa'-shda-dse, you Ufted it out of
pushed him backward. the hole.
ba-m.o°'-xe, bowed; bent low. A o°-ba'-shda-dsa i, we lifted it out of
ritual term. the hole.
ba-shda'-ha, to make a smooth sur- ba-shpe', to punch a piece out of the

face by planing, trunk of a tree or some other
pa'-shda-ha, I planed the surface object by hard thrusting with a
smooth, sharp iron bar or a heavy pole,
shpa'-shda-ha, you planed the sur- ba-shpi', to shell corn with a knife or
face smooth. with other sharp-edged instru-
QD-ba'-shda-ha i, we planed the sur- ments by running the edge be-
face smooth. tween the grains.
ba-shta'-dse, to lift anything by the pa'-shpi, I shelled the corn with a
aid of a stick or pitchfork, knife.
pa'-shta-dse, I lifted it with a pitch- shpa'-shpi, you shelled the corn with
fork, a knife.
shpa'-shta-dse, you lifted it with a o'^-ba'-shpi i, we shelled the corn
pitchfork. with a knife,
o"-ba'-shda-dsa i, we lifted it with a ba-shta', coneflower; a hair cut. The
pitchfork. coneflower is a life symbol of the
ba-shi'-be, the escape of horses or Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge (Peace) gens of
cattle by the breaking
of a fence, the Osage Tribe. The flower was
ba-shi'-zhe, curved (as applied to called ba-shta because the people
the horns of a deer). of the gens cut the hair of their
ba-shku'-shku-da, to make many children in such a fashion as to
dents in a piece of wood, resemble the head and petals of
pa'-shku-shku-da, I made several the flower. Sometimes this is
dents, mentioned in the rituals Ba-shta'-
shpa'-shku-shku-da, you made sev- e-go° zhi"-ga (Ratibida columnar is).
eral dents. ba-shta' e-go°, same as ba-shta
o°-ba'-shku-shku-da i, we made sev- (which see).
eral dents. No Anger said to them: Of a little yellow flower
ba-8ho°', incurve, the bend of a river, I, as a person, have verily made my body.
The little Ba-shta' e-go" {Ratibida columnaris).
ba-sho"', crooked.
When the little ones make of it their bodies,
ba-8ho°'-sho°, in a zigzag way. They shall cause themselves to live together
ba-sho°'-tha, to spill water from a without anger or violence.
vessel, either by accident or on (From a ritual).
purpose. ba-shta'-ha, to polish wood or stone,

pa'-sho°-tha, I spilled the water on pa-shta'-ha, I polished the wood,
purpose. shpa-shta'-ha, you polished the wood.
shpa'-sho°-tha, you spilled the water o"-ba'-shta-ha i, we polished the
by accident. stone.
o°-ba'-sho°-tha i, we spilled the ba-stse'-ga, strawberry.
water by accident, ba-stse'-ga a-ba no°-bthe tha-gthi"^,
ba'-shpa-shpa, to cut an apple or a strawberries are good to eat.
potato into many pieces with a ba-stse'-ga o°-tha-gthi° no" a-tha, I
knife, like strawberries.
ba'-a-shpa-shpa, I cut it in many ba-stse'-ga-hiu, strawberry vine; the
pieces, berry is called ba-stse'-ga.
ba'-tha-shpa-shpa, you cut it in ba'-stse-ge, to gash the skin with a
many pieces, knife,
o ""-ba'-shpa-shpa i, we cut it in many ba'-stse-stse-ge, to cut skin or meat
pieces, into many strips with a knife,
ba'-shpe, to cut a piece of fruit or ba'-a-stse-stse-ge, I cut into strips,
vegetable with a knife, ba'-tha-stse-stse-ge, you cut into
ba'-a-shpe, I cut a piece of fruit, strips.
ba'-tha-shpe, you cut a piece of fruit. o°-ba'-stse-stse-ga i, we cut into

o°-ba'-shpa i, we cut a piece of fruit. strips.
.
24 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. lOfl
ba'-â, an egg. ba-to"' — continued.

ba'-â-â, faction. shpa'-to°, you thrust a stick into a
ba-â'-the, to make a house fall to hole as a feeler,
pieces by pushing it down, o^-ba'-to" i, we thrust a stick into
pa-ta-the, I pushed the house down, a hole as a feeler,
shpa'-ta-the, you pushed the house ba-tse', to sew.
down. pa'-tse, I sew.
o°-ba'-ta-thai, we pushed the house shpa'-tse, you sew.
down, o°-ba'-tsa i, we sew.
ba'-ta zhe-gtho°, omelet. ba-tse, a bunch of. A ritual term,

ba'-ta zhe-gtho° o^-tha-gthi", I like ba-tse', or ba-ta'â, faction,
an omelet, ba-tse', group; clump; clump of grass;
ba'-ta zhe-gtho° thi-tha-gthi" a, do bunch,
you like an omelet? ba-tsi'-tsi-zhe, to push through thick-
ba'-tha btha-ge, you cut the skin ets with a crashing noise,
open with a knife. pa'-tsi-tsi-zhe, I made a crashing
ba'-the, winter. noise in going through the forest,
ba'-the dse zho° u-tha-o° ta-tse a-ni shpa'-tsi-tsi-zhe,you made a crash-
ke a-hi°, have you wood for the ing noise in pushing through the
winter? forest.
ba'-the tse zho° a-bthi°h.a, I have o°-b»'-tsi-tsi-zha i, we made a crash-
my wood for the winter. ing noise in pushing through the
ba-thi°'-ge, to rid the ground of roots, forest.
preparatory to planting, ba-ts'i°', head down and feet up;
pa'-thi^-ge, I rid the ground of roots. headlong; head foremost.
shpa'-thi°-ge, you rid the ground of ba-ts'i°' sha, to bend the top of a stick
roots. or pole by pushing it against a
o"-ba'-thi°-ga i, we rid the ground of tree or stump.
roots. pa-ts'i°-sha, I pushed the stick and
ba thi» ha, in your movements. bent it.
ba thi^ ho, an emphatic expression shpa'-tsi°-sha, you pushed the stick

used at the end of a sentence. and bent it.
u-no'>-xthi° ba thi" ho, hurry up. ba-xa'-dse, hair roached, a style of

xi"-tha-tha ba thi" ho, be quick, hair cut.
ba'-tho, harvest fly; locust. ba-xa'-dse pa-xe, I roached my hair,
ba'-tho a-ba zho°-a-be ge tha-gni a ba-xa'dse shka-xe, you roached your
bo, the locust eats the leaves of hair,
trees. ba-xa'-dse o^-ga-xa i, we roached our
ba'-tho°-ba-ha, to cut an object in hair,
two parts. ba-xi', to arouse one from sleep by
ba'-ô-be, to slice; to cut up. pushing,
pa' -to-be, I sliced (the bread), pa'-xi, I aroused him.
shpa'-to-be, you sliced (the bread) shpa'-xi, you aroused him.
o"-ba'-to-ba i, we sliced (the bread). o°-ba'-xi i, we aroused him.
ta'-do-^ta tho" ba-a-to-be, I cut up ba-xi'-dse, to perspire.
the meat. o"'-ba-xi-dse, I perspire,
ta'-do-]â tho° ba-tha-to-be, you cut thi'-ba-xi-dse, you perspire,
up the meat, wa'-ba-xi-dsa i, we perspire,
ba-ô"', to thrust a stick into the ba-xi' -tha, to push a person down,
ground as a feeler, pa'-xi-tha, Ipushed him down,
pa'-to", I thrust a stick into a hole shpa'-xi-tha, you pushed him down.
as a feeler. o°-ba'-xi-tha i, we pushed him down.
LI FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 25
Ba'-xo-dse, the name of the Iowa ba-xtho'-ge — continued.

tribe of Indians living in the State shpa'-xtho-ge, you punched a hole in
of Nebraska. the leather.
ba-xo°', to break. o°-ba'-xtho-ga i, we punched a hole
pa'-xo°, I break, by pushing. in the leather,
shpa'-xo°, you break, by pushing, ba-xthu', to stoop and push a way
c-ba'-xo" i, we break, by pushing. through a fence or a thicket,
ba'-xo°, to cut a stick or log across the ba-xthu' bthe, I stooped and pushed
grain through,
pa'-xo°, I cut across the grain of the ba'-xthu' stse, you stooped and
log. pushed through,
shpa'-xo°, you cut across the grain of ba-xthu' o°-ga-tha i, we stooped and
the log. pushed through,
o°-ba'-xo° i, we cut across the grain ba-xthu'-dse, to push the bark off a
of the log. tree,
ba-xo°', to break a stick, tent pole, or pa'-xthu-dse, I pushed the bark ofif
an awl by pushing. the tree,

pa'-xo°, I broke the tent pole by shpa'-xthu-dse, you pushed the bark
pushing. off the tree.
shpa'-xo°, you broke the tent pole o°-ba'-xthu-dsa i, we pushed the

by pushing. bark off the tree,
o°-ba'-xo°, we broke the tent pole ba-xthu' -ge, to punch holes through
by pushing, skin with an awl in sewing,
zho^'-xa ke pa-xo°, I broke the stick. pa'-xthu-ge, I punched a hole with
zho°'-xa ke bthi-xo°, I broke the stick an awl.
in two. shpa'-xthu-ge, you punched a hole
zho°'-xa ke shpa'-xo°, you broke the with an awl.
stick. Qo-ba'-xthu-ga i, we punched a hole
zho°'-xa ke stsi-xo°, you broke the with an awl.
stick in two. ba-xthu' -the, to crawl under a fence,
ba'-xpe, small stunted oaks. A ritual ba-xthu' -bthe, I crawl under the
term, fence,
ba-xthe'-ge, to crack pottery by ba-xthu'-stse, you crawl under the
thrusting, fence.
pa'-xthe-ge, I crack pottery, ba-xthu'-o°-ga-tha i, we crawl under
shpa'-xthe-ge, you crack pottery. the fence.
o°-ba'-xthe-ga i, we crack pottery, ba-xto°', to spill the contents of a ves-
ba-xtho'-ga, to pierce or wound, sel by pushing.
pa'-xtho-ga, I wounded, pa'-xto°, I spilled the water by
shpa'-xtho-ga, you wounded. pushing the vessel.
o°-ba'-xtho -ga i, we wounded, shpa'-xto°, you spilled the water by
ba-xtho'-ge, to perforate; to perforate pushing the vessel.
the ear. o"-ba'-xto" i, we spilled the water by
no°-ta'-pa-xtho-ge, I perforated my pushing the vessel.

ears, ba-xtse', to manacle, handcuff, shackle.
no^-ta'-shpa-xtho-ge, you perforated pa'-xtse, I handcuffed (him).
your ears. shpa'-xtse, you handcuffed (him).
no°-ta'-o°-ba-xtho-ga i, we perfo- o°-ba'-xtsa i, we handcuffed (him).
rated our ears, ba-xtse', to tie up into bundles as a
ba-xtho'-ge, to punch; to make a hole sheaf,
in a piece of leather, pa'-xtse, I tied it into bundles,
pa'-xtho-ge, I punched a hole in the shpa'-xtse, you tied it up.
leather. o°-ba'-xtsa i, we tied it up.
26 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bTTIL. 109
ba'-xtse, the waist line, ba'-zha-ta, to mark an animal, as a

ba-xu', a hill; a ridge. horse, cow, or pig, by slitting the
Ba-xu da-pa, Round Hills. This was ears,
near the farm of Henry Pratt, a ba'-a-zha-ta, I slit the horse's ear to
distance of about 45 miles from mark it.
the first camp. This was the site ba'-tha-zha-ta, you slit the horse's ear
of the second camp of the third to mark it.
buffalo trail, ba'-o^-zha-ta i, we slit the horse's ear

ba-xu'-da-pa, solitary hill; round hill, to mark it.
ba-xu'-du-ba, four-cornered, as a box. ba-zhu'-zhu, hilly,

ba-xu'-e, to make an object slide along be,any one of them. A ritual term.
the ground by pushing, Be, spring of the year,

pa'-xu-e, I pushed it and made it
be, whoever.
slide,
be a(?) who is it?
shpa'-xu-e, you pushed it and made be a-ka hni bi a, it is a cold spring.
it shde. be do° u-i no" bi a xtha-gka tsu-hu
o°-ba'-xu-a i, we pushed it and made a-ba, violets grow in the spring.
it slide.
be' e-a-wa-ke a, who do I mean?
be' e-wa-tha-ke a, who do you mean?
ba-xu'-e-k'o°, shoving game; check-
be' e-wa-ke a, who does he mean?
ers; draughts,
o°-tha-gthi" a tho,
Be-ga-xa-zhi, Never beaten. Per-
ba-xu' -e-lj'o" I
sonal name,
like to play checkers.
be' ga-xa zhi, invincible; unconquer-
ba-xu'-e-t'o° thi-tha-gthi° a-tho, you
able. This is also used as a per-
sonal name.
ba-xu'-e-Vo" wa-tha-gthi" bi a, we
be'-go°-tha e-wa-tha-zhi, undesir-
able,
ba-xu'-pa-5i, the top of a hill; a peak,
be'-i-tha-zhi, seen by no one; unseen;
ba-xu' -shda, a bare hilltop.
invisible.
ba-xu'-stse-dse, a tall mountain. be'-ni-ha, languid; wretched.
ba-xu' tc-ga, a mountain. be' o°-wo"-ga-5'i° ba the" \a zhi, it
ba-xu'-zhi°-ga, a small hill. is not possible for any person to
ba-zha'-be, to scrape, as scraping par- look in on me stealthily. (From

ticles of meat left on a green hide, the ritual relating to the black
pa'-zha-be, I scraped the meat ofif bear.)
the hide, be'-shi", the shape of a china cup
shpa'-zha-be, you scraped the meat which flares at the top.
off the hide, be'-thi°-ge, nobody,
o^-ba'-zha-ba i, we scraped the meat be-to"', to fold goods.
off the hide. pe-to°', I fold goods.
ba'-zha-be, to pare; to pare the skin shpe-to°, you fold goods.
off potatoes or apples, o°-be'-to° i. we fold goods,
pa'-zha-be, I pared the apple, bi, they.
shpa'-zha-be, you pared the apple. bi-be'-xo°-xo°, wrinkles.
o°-ba'-zha-ba i, we pared the apples, bi'-QB, dry.
ba'-zha-ge, to enlarge a hole with a bi-5pa'-5pa, to hide repeatedly while
knife, waylaying a person.
ba'-a-zha-ge, I enlarged it with a bi-spe', to crouch.
knife, bi-gpe' a-zho", I crouch.
ba'-tha-zha-ge, you enlarged it with bi-Qpe' tha-zho°, you crouch.
a knife. bi-Qpe' o"-zho° i, we crouch.
o°-ba'-zha-ga i, we enlarged it with a bi-5pe', to lurk; to lie in wait; to
knife. crouch; to hide.
bi-da'-zhi, to extinguish; to cause to bi-tse'-ga — continued.

become extinct, o°-bi'-tse-ga i, mo^-ge tse, we polish
pi'-da-zhi, I cause it to become the metal.
extinct, wa-ho'-to°-the a-gi pi-tse-ga, I polish
shpi'-da-zhi, you cause it to become my gun.
extinct. wa-ho'-to°-the tha-gi shpi-tse-ga, you
o°-bi'-da-zhi i, we cause it to become polish your gun.
extinct. biu'-5e, dry; withered.
bi-do°', when. xtha-gka te biu'-ge ha, the rose is
bi-dsiu'-tha, to wear clothes into withered,
shreds, or rags, bi'-wa-shta-ge, to break a wild horse,
pi'-dsiu-tha, I wore my clothes to pi'-wa-shta-ge, I broke the wild
rags, horse,
sphi'-dsiu-tha, you wear your clothes shpi'- wa-shta-ge, you broke the wild
to shreds. horse.
o"-bi'-dsiu-tha i, we wear our clothes o°-bi'-wa-shta-ga i, we broke the
to rags. wild horse.
bi'-gtho°-tha, missing hold of a bi'-xo", to make a fire burn by blowing,
rabbit which is pressed to the pi'-xo", I made the fire burn by blow-
ground. ing.
pi'-gtho°-tha, I let the rabbit go. shpi'-xo°, you made the fire burn by
shpi'-gtho°-tha, you let the rabbit go. blowing.
o°-bi-gtho°-tha i, we let the rabbit go. o°-bi'-xo° i, we made the fire burn by
bi-hu'-to°, blowing a wind instrument. blowing.
pi'-hu-to°, I blow (a flute). bi-xo"', to crease.
shpi'-hu-to°, you blew (a flute). pi'-xo°, I crease,
o°-bi'-hu-to° i, we blew (a flute), shpi'-xo, you crease.
bi-ka' (Om. same), to efface; to erase; o°-bi'-xo° i, we crease,
(2) to obliterate; to wipe out. bi-xc'-i-the-the, blow; a thistle,
pi'-ka, I erase, called so because the down of the
shpi'-ka, you erase. thistle was used for the wings of
o°-bi'-ka, we erase. the arrows of the blowgun.
bi-shu'-ka, rolled up; position of an bo, black haw. The fruit of the black
animal when killed. haw (Viburmim prunifolium) was
bi-thi°'-ge, worn down; threadbare. used for food by the Osage,
pi'-thi°-ge, I wore down to nothing, bo'-btha-gka, to flatten by shooting.
shpi'-thi^-ge, you wore down to bo'-bthi, sway in the wind,
skins that
nothing, bo'-bthi, water continually bubbling
o^-bi'-thi^-ga i, we wore down to up; a spring.
nothing. bo'-bthi, to go forth in a body as
bi-thu'-to°, to straighten by pressure though in a swarm.
of the hand, bo'-ga, to plant a post in the ground.
pi'-thu-to", I straightened it by hand, zho° gthe ke bo'-a-ga to°-dse ke dsi,
shpi'-thu-to", you straightened it by I placed a pole in the ground,
hand, zho" gthe ke to°-dse ke no'-tha-ge,
o^-bi'-thu-to" i, we straightened it you placed a pole in the ground.
by hand, bo'-5i-5i-dse, shooting upward with a
bi-tse'-ga, to make bright; to polish, hissing sound.
pi'-tse-ga, mo'^-ge tse, I polish the bo'-su, rice.
metal, bo'-Qu o°-tha-gthi'>, I like rice,
shpi'-tse-ga, mo^-ge tse, you polish bo'-gu thi-tha-gthi°, you like rice,
the metal. bo'de-k'a-gthe, head of a ravine.
67025—32 3
bo'-gtho"-tha, to miss any mark. btho'-ga, round; cylindrical,

bo'-a-gtho°-tha, I missed a mark, btho'-ga, entire; a whole thing,
bo'-tha-gthc-tha, you missed the btho'-ga, a whole; a dollar,
mark. btho'-ga wi"-xtsi, one dollar,
bo'-o°-gtho"-tha i, we missed the btho'-ga tho°-ba, two dollars,
mark. btho'-ga wi° xtsi u-tha-kshe-to", you
bo'-ki-tha-tsi-Qe, somersault, earned a dollar,
bo'-ki-tha-tsi zhu, somerset. btho'-ga wi° xtsi u-wa-kshe-to°, I
bo'-lji-tha tsi zhu o° bi tse thi-pi xtsi earned a dollar.
o» bi a, he made a complete somer- Btho'-ga-hi-ge, Chief-of-all. Per-
set. sonal name. Refers to the sacred
bo°, to call; to shout, character of the hereditary chief.
a-po"', I call or shout, btho°, odor; scent.
tha'-shpo", you call or shout, —
btho^-tha'-gthi" btho", odor, smell;
o"-bo°' i, we call or shout. tha-gthi°, good —
odor smell good:
Bo°'-gui-da, Lowing. Female person- fragrance; pleasing odor.
al name. Refers to the lowing of a btho°tha'-gthi° u-ga-btho° —btho",
herd of buffalo in the distance. odor; tha-gthi°, good; u-ga-btho,
bo" hu'-§a-gi, to call or shout loudly, —
scattered good-odor- scattered:
a-hu'-ga-gi, I call loudly, redolence.
tha-hu'-ga-gi, you call loudly. btho°-xe', cracked.
o"-hu'-ga-gi i, we call loudly. btho°' pi-zhi, an offensive smell,
bo'-ta-to-xa, foam. bthu'-shke i°-do, I untie the knot.
bo' -the, to winnow. bu, black haws.
bo'-xpa-ni-dse-gka, red-headed wood- bu, to shoot and send a thing rolling,
pecker. bu'-a-to^-tha, I shot and sent it
bo'-xpa ni-dse-xo-dse, golden-fronted rolling,

woodpecker. bu'-tha-to^-tha, you shot and sent it
btha'-k'a, flat board, rolling.

btha-btha'-ge, ragged; tattered, as bu'-ce, to cut by shooting,
clothes; shabby, bu'-a-ge, I cut it by shooting,
btha-btha'-ge ha, u-do°-be tse, he bu'-tha-ge, you cut it by shooting,
looks shabby. bu'-gi-gi, the pulse. (Refers to the
btha'-tha, broad; wide, throbbing of the pulse.)
btha-xe, spread out. bu'shpe, to shoot a piece out of a tree,
btha'-xe, mountainous, bu-a'-shpe, I shoot a piece out of a
btha'-xu-e, I dragged it with my tree,
teeth. (From a ritual.) bu-tha'-shpe, you shoot a piece out
bthe a-thi" he-tha mi-hi-the kshe of a tree.
ta-he, I go onward toward the bu-o°'-shpa i, we shoot a piece out of
west. a tree,
bthe'-ka, thin, bu'-ta-ta, actions of a bucking horse.
bthi" i° da, I am. bu'-xpa, a woodpecker.
bthi-to°, I touched it with my hand, bu'-xpa xo-dse, red-headed wood-
bthi ko°-btha e-go° da-do°
wi" pecker.
e'-pa-ha, I made him an offer.
5a, rush (Eleocharis interstincta) out ga'-be (Om. same), black.

of which mats are made. ga'-be tse ko°-btha, I prefer black,
ga-ba' bi o, be cautious (advice from ga-be tse shko°-shta, you prefer
an older person). black.
5a-ba'-zhi, suddenly; without warn- §a'-be, the black. A ritual term refer-
ing. ring to the black bear.
.
LA FLESCHe] OSAGE DICTIONARY 29
ga-be', to be cautious, ga'-kiu i"-shta-xi° i-ta, white man's

a-ga'-be, I am cautious, melon; muskmelon; cantaloupe.
tha-ga'-be, you are cautious, ga'-ku e-go" btho°, smells like water-
o^-ga'-ba i, we are cautious. melon; the acacia {Mimosaceae)
ga'-btha-gka, grows in ponds. ga-mo"', a scar.
Sa'-da, stretched; stretch, i^-dse ga-mo" o°-gtho° ha, I have a
bthi'-ga-da, I stretch, scar on my face.
ni'-ga-da, you stretch. no°-be'-he ga-mo° a-thi-gtho" ha,
o°-thi'-ga-da i, we stretch. you have a scar on your hand.
ga'-da, stiff; rigid; stiff-jointed. ga-ni', all; everything; everybody.
ga-da' ga-xe — ga-da, stiff; ga-xe, to {See btho-ga.)
make —to make stiff: stiffen. ga-ni a-tha bi a, everybody is going.
ga-dse', hair grown scant with age. ga-ni', total, all.
(From a ritual.) ga-thu, to rattle.

C!a-ge'-wa, Sac and Fox. This term bthi'-ga-thu, I made it rattle,
is used when speaking of these ni' -ga-thu, you made it rattle.
tribes by the Osage. o"-thi' -ga-thu i, we made it rattle.
ga-gi', durable; hard; lasting; tough; —

ga'-to° a-zhi ga-to°, five; a-zhi,
tough meat; (2) strong; (3) inflex- scattered upon: five-spot in deck
ible; (4) not easily bent, of cards.
ga-gi', firm; solid; strong; hard, ga' u-dse-to°-ga, the rush {Scirpus
ga-gi'a bi, spoken of as strong. A occidentalis) .This rush is much
ritual term. larger at the base than at the top.
ga-gi'-ga-xe, to solidify; to make hard, It was rejected by the No°'-ho"-
ga-gi' pa-xe, I made it hard, zhi^-ga as not being suitable for
ga-gi' -shka-xe, you made it hard, use in making the shrine for the
ga-gi' o^-ga-xa i, we made it hard. sacred hawk, because of its uneven
ga-gi' sho "-she °-e — ga-gi, solid, strong; shape.
sho°-slio°-e, always: permanency, ga zhi^-ga, the httle rush (Eleocharis
permanent. inter stincta) This was chosen by
.
ga-gi' u-thi-mo", to make fast; to the No'''-ho°-zhi''-ga as being

secure; to fasten, suitable for making the symbolic
ga-gi' u-bthi-mo°, I made secure, shrine for the sacred hawk. It is
ga-gi u-stsi-mo°, you fastened it. very nearly the same size from the
ga-gi' o°-gu-thi-mo" i, we fastened it. base to the top and with it the
ga-gi'-u-thi°-ge, to hold one fast. weaver could do better work than
ga-gi'-u-bthi°-ge, I held him fast, with the larger rush. One part of
ga-gi'-u-stsi^-ge, you held him fast. the rush shrine symbolizes the sky
ga-gi'-o"-gu-thi°-ga i, we held him with its stars and clouds and the
fast. other part the earth, to which all
shm; slender; thin.
8a-gi'-zh.i"-ga, forms of Ufe descend from the sky.
ga'-gthu-ha-sho-ga, thick-barked ga-zhi°'-ga, brushwood; dead branches
hickory tree. used for making fires.
ga'-gthu-hi, hickory tree; pignut. ge'-ga-ga (Om. same), trot; the trot-
Qa'-gthu hi u-gthe, Hickory Creek, ting of a horse.
Okla. Qe'- ga-gi- da, Returns-trotting. Per-
ga'-ka, loose; scattered. (Refers to sonal name.
stones.) ge'-ge-k'o°-ga-gi, a fast trotter.
ga'-ka, raw; uncooked. Qe'-ge-mc-i" Trots-as-he-travels.
,
ga'-ki'-ba, side by side; parallel. Personal name. Refers to the rest-

ga'-kiu, watermelon. less movements of the elk.
ga'-kiu tha-tse o°-gu shna a-tha, I ge gtha-gtha, with a line of groves
hke watermelon. upon its banks. A ritual term.
.
Chi-zhe'-wa-the, Rustles-the-leaves. 5i°, Sagittaria latifolia. The root of

Personal name. Refers to the this plant was used for food by
noise made by the deer among the the Osage Indians. It is also
leaves in the forest as he feeds. used in the war ceremonies as a
51, foot. symbol.
si (Om. same), yellow. 5i°'-dse-50-ta, Slender-tail. Personal
5i-a'-zhi°, the ear of corn has kernels; name. Refers to the slender tail
of the buffalo.
5i ba-xo°, the act of cutting off the feet 5i°'-dse a-gthe — gi"'-dse, tail; a-gthe,
of a buffalo when butchering. to wear on the head as an orna-
5i bi-da'-ts'e-ga, numbness in the ment: Wearers-of-the-symbolic-
hands or feet; feet or hands asleep. locks. The name of a gens, one
gi te pi-da'-ts'e-ga, my feet are numb. of whose hfe symbols is the buffalo
5i te shpi-da-ts'e-ga, your feet are tail.
numb. gi^'-dse tse, the refrain; the repetition

gi'-btha-k'a, web-footed; (2) flat foot, of the last part of a song to which
mi-xa' zhi°-ga a-ba gi-ge-btha-k'a bi only two or three select men dance.
a, the duck is web-footed. This word also means the tail;
Qi'-ga-be, Blackfeet. A tribe of it is the last of the dance that those,
Indians. aside from the select men, must

5i'-5i, stalwart; brave; active, pay in order to dance in the tail.
he is stalwart.
gi'-gi bi a, Si°'-dse-u-o°-he— gi°-dse, tail; u-o°-
Si'-Si-e, spotted with yellow. A ritual he, lay: crupper.
term. gi^'-dse-xa-tha— gi°-dse, tail; xa-tha,
Qi-Si'-ka a-ki-5i°, Republican Paw- thrown backward: scorpion.

nee. A tribe of Indians. 5i°'-dse-thi°-ge, No-tail. Personal
5i-§u', thigh. name. Refers to the red-black
gi'-da, ripe corn. bear.
ha-ba a-ba gi-da bi o, the corn is ripe. 5i°'-dse-wa-ko°-da, Mystic-tail. Per-

sonal name. Refers to the scalps
gi-do'-dsi, yesterday.
attached to the tail of the sacred
gi-do'-dsi wa-kc-da-gi thi°-kshe-dsi
hawk.
pshi, I went to the doctor's
Qi^'-dse-zhi^-ga, Little-tail. Personal
yesterday.
name. Refers to the tail of the
Si-du'-hi, slough grass {Spartina mi-
buffalo.
chauxiana)
5i°'-e-sta, opossum. The opossum is
gi'-ge, the third daughter (special
used by the Osage for food.
kinship term).
Si'''-ga, squirrel. The squirrel figures
Ci-ha', Soles. Personal name. Re- myths
in the of the Osage and the
fers to the footprints of the Omaha.
buffalo. gi'''-ga ga-be, black squirrel. The
gi'-ha, horse's hoof. black squirrel is not known to the
gi-hi', legs. Omaha.
gi-hi' wi-ta ni-e ha, my legs ache. 5i-gthe'-wa-thi-ta, Crosses-trail.
gi'-hi, pallor; an unhealthy color. Personal name. Refers to the
gi'-ka hiu-jâ, a steel needle. This wandering of a bear who crosses
was not known among the
article the trails of other animals.
Osage until introduced by the gi"'-rao°-no°--ta, Nymphaea advena, a
traders. plant used by the Osage in their
gi'-ki-gtha-ge, to cut a foot acciden- ceremonies.
tally with an ax. gi-no°'-bthe e-go°, resembUng a kid-
Si-ko°', ankle. ney in shape.
5i-o"'-ni e, I have a pain in my foot, Ciu-ka'-sha-ge e-go", resembling a

gi-thi'ni-e, you have a pain in your turkey track. Flat Rock, Okla.
foot. giu'-ka tha-tse ho°-ba giu-lia, tur- —
5i-wa'-ni ai, we have pains in our key; tha-tse, eat; ho"-ba, day:
feet. Thanksgiving day.
5i-pa' (Om. same), toes. giu-ki-nc-go", to lie feet to feet.
si-pa' -ha, the skin of my toes. gi zha'-'ta — gi, foot; zha-ta, cloven:
5i-pa'-ha, toenail. cloven-foot.
5i-pa'-hi, all of the toes. gka' -gka, white spots; flecked with
gi-pa'-i-ta-xe tse, the tip of the toe. white spots.
Qi-pa'-u-ga-be, the toes. gka' gka-be, sticky or miry; muddy.
§i-pa'u-stse-dsG tse, the second toe. gka'-ga-mo", the downy feather of an
5i-pa-u-stse'-dse wa-ho'-k'a tse, the eagle worn by chiefs on the scalp
third or middle toe. lock.
5i-pa'wa-ho-k'a tse, the fifth or httle gka'-ga-xe, whiten.
toe. gka'-gthe, a white downy feather
5i-shto'-zha tse, instep. taken from the under part of an
Si-the'-dse, heels. eagle's wing or tail and used as
Qi-the'-dse-xo-dse, Gray-heels. Per- a symbolic or decorative plume.
sonal name. Used as a symbol in the tribal
gi'-thu-ga, they took footsteps. rites, it represents the white light
Si'-thu-ge stse-dse, to stride. of the sun. In the ceremonies two

5i-thu'-ka-thi°, barefoot, downy plumes are used, one white
gi-thu'-ka-bthi", I am barefoot, and the other red. The red plume
gi-thu'-ka-ni, you are barefoot, is used to represent the red dawn
gi-thu'-lja-o^-thi i, we are barefoot. and is called Qka'-gthe zhu-dse.

Qi'-ô°-ga, Big-feet. Personal name. gka'-gthe-zhu-dse, a red eagle plume
Refers to the great size of the feet used in the tribal rites as a symbol
of the buffalo. of the red of dawn.
§1 Xse, the foot or the feet. Qka'-gthe, White-plumes. Personal

gi tse a-ki-u ha, I have a wound on name.
my foot, gki'-da, a gap in a ridge.
gi-tse o°-tho°-ba, my feet are swollen. gki'-the (Om. same), sweet.
Qi-tse u-ba-ha de e-thi-tho"-be ha, gna'-the, to grease a wagon or oil
your foot protrudes, machinery,

gi tse u-ba-ha ta e o°-tho°-be ha, my gna'-a-the, I grease machinery,
foot protrudes, gna'-tha-the, you grease.
gi-u'-gki-da, the hollow in the sole of

gna'-o°-tha i, we grease.
gna'-the, to heal the wound of a child
the human foot.
by using an ointment made from
giu'-ka-do-ga, a rooster — giu'-ka, buffalo grease.
chicken; do-ga, male.
gnu'-ka, oval; egg-shaped.
giu'-ka-h.iu-ko° â-xe giu-â, tur- — ba-ta a-ba gnu-lja no° bi a, the egg
key; hiu-ko°, leg bone; ta-xe, is oval.
knobbed: pin. go°-gi-ga (Om. same), the flicker;
giu'-ka mi-ga zhi"-ga — giu'-ka, yellow hammer; belongs to the
chicken; mi-ga, female; zhi°-ga, woodpecker family.
Uttle —Uttle-female-chicken : pullet. 5o°-gi-gthe, Foot-prints-in-the-woods.
giu'-]ja mi-ga zhi°-ga gka wi° a-bthi°, Female personal name. Refers to
I have a white pullet. the footprints made by the deer.
giu'-ka iiii°-ga, female turkey. gc-go"', to tremble.
giu'-ka rao°-hi°-2hu giu'-lja, turkey;— a-go°'-go°, I tremble.
mo°-hi°-zhu, breast of: breast of a tha-go°'-go°, you tremble,
turkey. o^-go^-go" i, we tremble.
S0°'-50°-ga, archaic name for creeks. 5ta-i"' ga-xe, persimmon preserving.

50°-d8e, upland forest. For this process a flat board two
Qo^-dse'-kc-tha, Edge-of-the-forest. spans long and one span wide,
Personal name. made with a handle, is used.
50 " - dseu' - gthi >, Dwellers-in-the-up- Upon this board seeded persim-
land-forest. This was a name mons are arranged in layers for
given to a group of Osage Indians preserving. Before placing the
who fied from their village at the fruit on the board buffalo grease
time of an overflow of the river, is spread on it; then some three or
and halted at a forest, there pitch- four layers of persimmons are put
ing their camp. This group now on the drying board, which is held
dwells in what is known as Hominy, over a fire until the first layer of
Okla. fruit is about cooked; then the cake
is removed and put away to cool
5o°-dse u-gthi", the upland forest,
near a village on the Wa-ê-to" off. When the cake is thoroughly
xo-e (Verdigris River), This was cooled it is put in a parfleche pack
the starting point of the third buf- with others till the pack is full.
falo trail. Several packs are made of these
Co^-dse-u'-gthi", Dwellers-in-upland-
persimmon cakes which will last
till the next season. Several fami-
forests. Personal name.
lies go and camp in the woods,
Cc'-dse zhi°-ga, Little Upland For-
this often referred to as
even to this day, to preserve per-
est; is
Ni-hni'-bo-shta, Shooting Springs.

simmons.
5ta-i°'-ge, persimmon {Diospyros vir-
A camp was made in the woods,
giniana). This fruit was used for
these two places being so close
food by the Osage. When ripe it
together were associated as the
location of the thirteenth camp of
was gathered, the seeds taken out,
then dried for winter use. They
both the first and second buffalo
trail.
were dried on a rack made of long
woven saplings.
§o°'-ho°, whitened animal skins; (2)
Sta-i°'-ge hi, persimmon tree (Dio-
resembling white.
spyros virginiana).
So^'-ho" -ti-tha-tha, white puflfs of
shu, gathered them together.
5 to -the'
smoke raised by fighters.
A ritual expression.
SO°-tha'-i-tha-tha, to rock to and fro 5u, to cut or make a slit in a hide.
as in a rocking-chair. a-5u', I cut the skin.
Cc'-to^-sa-be, Black-dog. Personal tha-5u' you cut the skin.
name. o°-gu' i, we cut the skin.
§ta-go', even; level; uniform; smooth. §u-e, foot (archaic).
da, contraction of da-do", whatever da, to ask for; beg; request; solicit,
or whomever. a-da' ha, I asked for it.
da, a prefix denoting fire or the effects tha-da' ha, you asked for it.
of fire in its destruction.
o°-da' i, we asked for it.
Da, to freeze; frozen.
we' -thi" wi° a-da, I asked for a
o"da', I am frozen,
lariat,
thi da', you are frozen,
wa da'i, we are frozen. we' -thi" wi" tha-da, you asked for
no°-ta' tse o°-da, my ears are frozen, a lariat.
no^-ta' tse thi-da, your ears are da'-a-do"-be pi-o°, competent to look
frozen. after his own affairs.
LA FLESCHE) OSAGE DICTIONARY 33
da' a-ga-ha, scum; any impure matter da'-ge, unawares; to attack from the
that rises to the surface of stag- rear.
nant water, ni'-ka-shi-ga thi" da'-ge a-the, I took
da' a-rao°-ka, patience; persistence; the man unawares.
endurance. ni'-!ta-shi-ga thi° da'-ge tha-the, you
da a'-a-mo°-lja, have endurance.
I took the man unawares.
da-a'-tha-mo°-]>;a, you have endur- ni'-jja-shi-ga thi° da-ge o°-tha i, we
ance. took the man unawares,
da o°-ga-mo''-!â i, we have endur- da'-ge-ta-ha, in the rear; behind.
ance, da'-ge-ta-ha a-gthi" ha, I sat in the
da'-a-ki-ki, discord; controversy. rear.
Da'-ba-dsi°, Swollen. Personal name. da'-ge-ta-ha tha-gthi° ha, you sat in
Refers to the wounded buffalo in the rear.
a state of decomposition. da'-ge ta-ha o°-gthi° i, we sat in the
da'-ba-xe, to burn a cord in two. rear.
da'-ba-xe a-the, I caused it to burn da'-ge-the, to waylay; to attack from
in two.
behind; to take by surprise.
da'-ba-xe tha-the, you caused it to da'-ge-a-the, I waylaid him.
burn in two. da'-ge-tha-the, you waylaid him.
da'-ba-xe o°-tha i, we caused it da-ce' o°-tha i ha, I was taken by
to burn in two. surprise.
—
da'-bi-ge-ga-se da, by heat; bi-ê, to da-ge' -thi-tha i ha, you are surprised,
dry; ga-xe, to make: to dry wet
da'-gi-ge, to harden the point of a
clothing by either direct heat or sun.
stick or pole by scorching it.
da'-bi-ge pa-xe, I dried my clothes in
da'-gi-ge a-the, I hardened the point
the sun.
of a stick by scorching it.
da'-bi-ge shka-xe, you dried your
da'-gi-ge tha-the, you caused the
clothes in the sun.
point of the stick to be hardened.
da'-bi-ge o°-ga-xa i, we dried our
i, we caused the point
da'-gi-ge o»-tha
clothes by the fire.
of a stick to be hardened,
da'-btha-ge, to be torn open by action
da'-gi-ge, sparks that fly from burning
of heat.
wood,
da'-btha-ge a-the, I caused it to
da'-gi-ge, to burn away; to cleanse by
burst open by heat.
heat.
da'-btha-ge tha-the, you caused it to
da'-gi-ge a-the, I caused it to burn
burst open by heat.
da'-btha-ge o"-tha i, we caused it to
away.
burst open by heat. da'-gi-ge tha-the, you caused it to
da'-btho°, to smell something cooking burn away.

or burning. da'-gi-ge o°-tha i, we caused it to
da'-btho° u-bthi-btho°, I smell some- burn away.
thing burning. da'-gi-hi, burned yellow; smoke-tanned.
da'-btho" u-stsi-btho°, you smell The Osage give a smoke tan to the
something burning. buffalo, elk, or deer skins to be used
da'-btho° o°-gu-thi-btho° i, we smell for moccasins. This they do by
something burning, digging a round hole in the ground
da'-ga-ge, to become hardened with in which they put corncobs for
heat, as jerked meat. making the smoke; then they sew
ta-tho° da'-ga-ge a-the, I caused the up the whole skin like a large bag,
meat to become hardened by heat. which they draw over a framework
ta-tho° da-ga-ge tha-the, I hardened of sapUngs built over the hole. The
the meat with heat. fire of corncobs is then started and
ta-tho" da-ga-ge o°-tha i, we hard- kept slowly burning till the whole
ened the meat with heat. skin is smoked a dark brown,
—
da'-gi-hi, to burn a stick until it —

da'-do" ba-ha continued.
becomes yellow. shni wi" shko"-8hda e-go" ba-do"
da'-5U-da, to make the ground bare of the-shpa ha, you made him a
old grass, by burning, proposition.
da'-gu-da a-the, I made the ground da'-do"-ga-ni ino°-gthe tha bi-ge
bare by burning the old grass. da'-do", whatever things; ga-ni,
da'-5U-da tha-the, you made the all; mo°-gthe, to grow up; tha,
ground bare by burning the old causes; bi-ge, the: The Creation,
grass, da'-do" giu-we, economical.

da'-gu-da o"-tha i, we made the da'-do" a-giu-we, I am economical,
ground bare by burning the old da'-do" tha-giu-we, you are economi-
grass. cal,
da'-5i-hi, to cleanse with heat; to da'-do" o"-giu-wa 1, we are economi-

purify. This term is frequently cal,
found in rituals, da'-do" ga-the, to donate; to give

da'-gi-hi a-ki-the, I cleansed or puri- away; to contribute,
fied myself with heat, da'-do" pa-the, I donate,
da'-gi-hi tha-ki-the, you cleansed or da'-do" shka-the, you donate,
purified yourself with heat, da'-do" o"-ga-tha i, we donate,
da'-gi-hi o^-ki-tha i, we cleansed or da'-do" gi-gi, to lay away a thing for
purified ourselves with heat. future use; economy; reservation,
da'-sko", to melt; to make into a da'-do" a-gi-gi, I lay away for future
liquid; to Hquefy. use.
mo^'-ge-mo" da-gko° a-the, I melted da'-do" tha-gi-gi, you lay away for
the lead. future use.
mo°'-ge-mo° da-gko° tha-the, you da'-do" o"-gi-gi 1, we lay away for
melted the lead. future use.
mo°'-ge-mo° da-gko° o°-tha i, we da'-do" ho-i-sta-sta, various kinds of
melted the lead, articles.
da-gni'-ê â'e, you will get choked da'-do"-i-ba-ho", a wise or learned
on it. man.
da-da'-ge, grasshopper. da' -do"-i-ba-ho" ni'-lja-shi-ga bi a,
da-da'-ge ga-be, cricket; black grass- he is a wise man.
hopper. i-ta gi-da, to demand
da'-do" a
da-da'-ge ho to"-ga, great green
thing belonging to one's self,
grasshopper.
da'-do" a-gi-da, I demand,
da'-da-da-ge, throwing out sparks, as
da'-do" tha-gi-da, you demand,
do some kinds of wood when da'-do" o "-gi-da i, we demand,
burning,
da'-do" i-tha-pe, to expect; to antici-
da'-da-^se-ga, the effect of hot water
pate.
on vegetables and other foods.
da'-do"-pi-zhi, rubbish; trash; refuse;
da' -do", what, interrogation.
anything discarded.
da'-do" a-gi-tha-da, a decree; an
order; edict; a proclamation. da'-do"-shki, something.
da'-do" a-gtha-thi", inheritance. da'-do"-shki ho"-zhi wi" e-dsi a-ka
da'do" a-gthi^-ha u-tsi, superabun- e-zha-mi, something is wrong.
dance. da'-do" shko" shda, what do you
da'-do° a-no"-xthe shto" bi a, he is want.
secretive. da'-do" to", having plenty of this
da'-do° a-thi° hi, delivery of gifts. world's goods; to be rich; wealthy,
da'-do° ba-ha, an exhibition; an offer; da'-do" a-to", I am rich, or I have
a proposal; a proposition, plenty,
bthi wi° Ijo^-btha e-go° da-do" da'-do" tha-to", you have plenty,
e'-pa-ha, I made him a proposition. da'-do" o"-to" i, we have plenty.
LA FLESCHEJ OSAGE DICTIONARY 35
da'-do° u-gi-gtho" ga-the, to donate; da-ga'-xe pi-o" bi a, he is a good
to contribute to some one or performer.
something. da-ge', to fight; engagement; dissen-
da-do°-u'-8he, he has plenty; careful sion; battle; (2) pugilism,
not to waste. a-da'-ge, I fight,
da'-do° u-thi-bo-dse, to lavish affec- tha-da'-ge, you fight.
tion; extravagant attention, o°-da'-ga i, we fight.
da' -do" u-bthi-bo-dse, I lavish affec- da-ge'i-e, an angry dispute; quarrel;
tion. altercation.
da'-do° u-ui-bo-dse, you lavish affec- da'-ge ni'-ka-shi-ga, a pugiHst.
tion, da'-ge ni-k:a-shi-ga pi-o" the do "-be
da'-do" o°-gu-thi-bo-dsa i, we lavish o"-gu no" a-tha, I like to see a good
affection. pugilist.
da'-do° u-stse'-tse, what is left over; da'-ge-shto", quarrelsome; conten-
remainder; residue. tious.
—
da-do°' u-tsi da-do°, riches; u-tsi, da-ge' tse e-wo" a-ka e-e-bia, he is
full of —
fuU-of-riches: superabun- the cause of the fight.
dance. da'-gthe, slave; captive. Before the
da'-do" wa-gi-sha, spoils; plunder; contact with the white race the
booty. Osage adopted the captive taken
da'-do" wa-gtha-wa, the taking of an in war. The adopted captives were
inventory; the taking of stock, the servants of all the people, but
da'-do ° a-gtha-wa, I took an inven- they were kindly treated. In per-
tory, formance of the tribal rites the
da'-do" tha-gtha-wa, you took an captive is preferred as ceremonial
inventory, messenger to the Osage messenger
da'-do" o"-gtha-wa i, we took an because the captive is the real
inventory. servant.
da'-do" wa-no"-she, robbery, da'-gthe ki-no°, Painting
of the
da'-do" wa-we-ta, property of any Captive. When a
captive has
kind owned by a person or persons; partaken of the food, which has
an estate. been kept sacred, the Sho'-ka is
da'-do" we-thi-wi", a sale; an ex- given yellow clay and charcoal,
change of anything for a money with which he ceremonially paints
consideration. the captive. His face and body
da'-do" xa-tha gi-k'i, to rehabilitate. are first painted yellow; then two
da'-dse, the back of the head. black lines are drawn from the side
da'-dse tho" ni-e a-lji-pa-xe ha, I of the forehead diagonally across
hurt the back of my head. the face to the jaw below the ear.
da'-e tha-gthi", dutiful; obedient. If the captive is taken by a Ho"'-ga
shi"'-to zhi"-ga da'-e tha-gthi" bi a, the two black lines start from the
he is a dutiful son. left side of the forehead; if by the
—
da'-e tha-gthi" a-zhi da'-e, re- Tsi'-zhu, the lines start from the
quest; tha-gthi", good; a-zhi, not: right side. Both shoulders of the
request-not-good, unaccommodat- captive are painted black, as are
ing; (2) an unruly person; a dis- his breast, hands, and feet.
obedient child; willful; obstinate; da'-gthe u-k'u-pi-e, comely captive.
forward; iniquitous; (3) intracti- da'-gthe-zhe the, to print; this ex-
bility. pression is also used to refer to
da'-e tha-gthi" ni-a-zhi, you are imprints made by a burning proc-
unaccommodating. ess,
da-ga'xe, to make things; manufacture, da'-gthe zhe a-the, I print,
da-pa' -xe, I make things, da'-gthe-zhe tha-the, you print,
da-shka'-xe, you make things. da'-gthe zhe o"-tha i- we print.
da-o°'-ga-xa i, we make things. da'ho", rising by heat, as fight bread.
36 BUKEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 109
da'-i-ba-ho°, wisdom; versed; knowl- da'-shi-zhe — continued.

edge; sagacious; wise. da'-shi-zhe tha-the, you made the
da'-i-ba-ho° wa-gtlii° bi a, he has arrow blunt by burning.
great wisdom. da'-shki we-thi-wi", a salesman of
da'-i-ba-ho° a-zhi, ignorance; igno- miscellaneous goods, as in a gen-
rant; lack of wisdom or learning, eral store.
da'-i-ba-ho" pi-o° hi, experienced. da'-shta, to singe; to scorch.
da'-i-ba-ho° pi-mi°-kshe o, I am ex- da'stsu-dse, radiate.
perienced, da'-stsu-stsu-dse, a mirage. (Com-
da'-i-ba-ho" pi-o° she ni she o, you pare u-da'-bthu-bthu-e.)
are experienced. mo°-xe da'-stsu-stsu-dse to "-be ha,
da'-i-ba-ho° o°-ga-hi bi o, we are I saw a mirage,
experienced. mc-xe da'-stsu-stsu-dse shto°-be ha,
da'-i-ba-ho° wa-gthi° bi a, he has you saw a mirage.
great wisdom, da'-tha-gthi", decency; propriety in
da'-i^-a-zhe, the failure to cook food conduct, speech.
properly because the fire is not hot da-thi'-ka-dse, you are feverish.
enough. da'-thi°-ge ga-xe, to make to burn;
da'-i-tha-do°-ba bi, a person cared incinerate; to reduce to ashes.
for by another; a prot6g6. da'-thi°-ge pa-xe, I reduced it to
da'-i-tha-dc-be, a guardian.
da'-i-tha-do°-be thi-ta a-ka, your da'-thi°-ge shka-xe, you reduced it
guardian. to ashes,
da'-i-tha-do°-be wi-ta a-ka, my da'-thi^-ge o°-ga-xa i, we reduced it
guardian. to ashes.
da' -i- the, discourse. da'thu-ts'a-ge, inability; lack of
da'-i-the tha-gthi" xtsi ga-xa bi o, he
power to do a thing,
made a fine discourse.
da'-^se-ga, wilted; withered.
da'-ka-dse, hot.
da'-ts'i°-tha, to become shriveled up
da'-ka-dse i-tho°-be, scarlatina.
from heat,
da'-ko", light; luminous.
da' u-i-e, dispute,
da'-ko° §ka, white hght; incandescent.
da'-ko^-ga-xe, to make a bright light;
da'-wa ga-xa — da-wa, ga-xa,efforts;
to illuminate,
excel —superior; efforts-superior;
preeminence.
da'-ko^-pa-xe, I made a bright hght.
da'-ljo" shka-xe, you made a bright da-we-gi'-do°-be, a guardian of things.
light,
da'-wi°-xe, faggot; firebrand; a torch,
da'-ljo" o°-ga-xa we made a da'-xia tha, to burn a tree until it falls,
i, bright
Ught. da'-xthi be, to boil meat till tender,
da-xthi'-be pa-xe, I boiled it till
da'-ko" i-ga-xe, flambeau; torch.
tender,
da'-lj;o° i-ga-xe tse i-tha-the, I saw
the light on the torch. da-xthi'-be shka-xe, you boiled it
da'-ko°-i-the, radiant; refulgent. till tender,
Da'-kc-mc-i", Walks -in -the -fire- da-xthi'-be o°-ga-xa i, we boiled it
light. Personal name, till tender,
da'-pa, disk; round; globular; orbic- da'-xthi", flames from a fire,

ular; rotund. da'-xthi", to scald; to scorch; to burn,
da'-po-ki, to explode; percussion, da'-xthu-dse, to burn the bark off a
wa-hu-to^-the a-ka da'-po-î bi a, tree.
the gun exploded, da'-xu-we, the simmering sound in a

da'-shi-zhe, to blunt an arrow, for kettle when fat is cooking,
small game, by burning the end. da'-zhi, to extinguish a fire.
da'-shi-zhe a-the, I made the arrow pe'-dse bthi-da-zhi ha, I extinguished
blunt by burning. the fire.
da'-zhi — continued. do-siu', armpits.

pe'-dse ni-da-zhi ha, you extin- do'-gkiu, hiccup.
'
guished the fire, do'-gkiu mo° ha, I have the hic-
c-thi-da-zhi i, we extin-
pe'-dse cups,
guished the fire, do'-gkiu zho" ha, you have the hic-
da'-zhu-dse, crimsoned or reddened cups.
by heat. Do'-gkiu-e ga-xa. Sweet potato
do, potato. Before the Irish potato branch; sometimes called Ni-u-zhu
was introduced by traders, the (Neosho); Spring River.
Osage used a wild potato which Do'-^kiu ga-xa ke a-shka dsi a-gthi",
tastes like sweet potato. When I live near Spring River.
the Irish potato became known to do'-da, in this direction.
the Osage they applied to it the do'-da gi-o, come this way.
name "do" {Glycine apios). The do-do°', to go to war.
"do" is mentioned in one of the do-do»'bthe, I go to war.
tribal rituals as a sacred food. do-do"'ne-ha, you go to war.
(Om. nu.) do-do°' o°-ga-tha i, we go to war.
do'-ba, some; a part of. do-do"'-hi°-to°-ga, a large war party.
do'-ba a-bthi" a tho, I have some. do-do°' hin-to°-ga wa-tse'-gthi°,
do'-ba, four. war party composed of all the
tse'-gka do-ba wa-bthi°, I have four warriors of the tribe and returning
cattle. victorious. (One of the o'-do".)
Do'-ba-ino°-thi'>, Walk -by -fours. do-do°' hi°-to°-ga wa-ga-xthi, strik-
Personal name. Refers to the ing the enemy while with a large
habit of the buffalo walking in war party. (One of the o'-do°.)
groups of four. do-do°'stse, you go to war.
do'-ba o°-tha, to deduct; to take from. do-do"' tha bi tho" shki, when they
—
do'-ba a-zhi do-ba, four; a-zhi, scat- go to war.
tered about: four spot in a deck of dsa'-pa, short.
cards. do'-dse, throat; gullet.
do'-bi-o°, the fourth time, or four do'-dse-ha, glutton; gourmand.
times. do'-dse-i-ba, mumps.
do'-5e 5a-be, the black loon. do'-dse ni-e, diphtheria.
do'-Qka, white potatoes. Irish po- do'-dse ni-e, sore throat; laryngitis,
tatoes. do'-dse o°-ni-e, I have a sore throat,
do'-fka tse ba-a-zha-be, I pared the do'-dse thi-ni-e, you have a sore
potatoes, throat.
do'-^ka tse ba-tha-zha be, you pared do'-dse-ta-xe, Adam's apple; the
the potatoes. knob on the throat.
do'-5ka tse ba-tha-zha-ba i, we pared do'-dse-to°-ga —do'-dse, throat; to°-
the potatoes, ga, big: the pelican. In the Osage
do'-gka u-tha ni kshe o, you are tribal rites the pelican is a sj^mbol
planting potatoes, of long life and old age. Splinters
do'-^ka we-ga-xto° wa-ho-stsa wi° of the wing bone of the pehcan
a-xtsi shko°-shta, you want a were used ceremonies
in tattooing
peck of potatoes, for pricking the skin to let in the
do'-gka we-ga-xto° wa-ho-stsa wi° pigments. (See mo^-thi"' the do°-
a-xtsi ]io°-btha, I want a peck of ts'a-ge.)
potatoes, do'-dse u-ga-wa, the muscles of the
do'-gka u-wa-zhu mi kshe o, I am throat. (From a ritual.)
planting white potatoes. do'-dse u-stsi°-ge, you took him by
do'-gka tse ba-tha-zha-be, you pared the throat.
the potatoes. do'-dse-xi-be, the windpipe.
do-ga', the male. A ritual expression. dc'-be gC-Qe'-go", alike; look alike;
Do-ge', summer. similar.
do-ge'-dsi, last summer. do°'-be go°-5e-go'» bi a, wa-u no^-ba
a-gthe' ha, do-ge a-dsi, I went home a-ka, the women look alike.
last summer. do "'-be tha-gthi° a zhi, eyesore;
do-ge'-do", in the summer time; (2) anything disagreeable to the eye
during the summer. to look upon.
Do'-gthe, Psoralea esculenta Pursh, do°'-be the-the, to see at a distance;
commonly called "pomme blanche" farsighted.
by the whites. The root is to°'-be the-a-the, I am farsighted.
gathered in large quantities by shto^'-be the-tha-the, you are far-
the women. It is eaten raw or cut sighted.
into slices and dried for winter use. o°-do°'-be the-o°-tha i, we are far-
When dried it is nearly as hard as sighted.
wood. The dried do'-gthe is al- dc'-be xtsi, ocular; pertaining to the
ways boiled, with meat of some eye; (2) to look at a person with
kind, in preparing it to be eaten. contempt or disgust.
It forms one of the staple foods of Dc-dc-ba, Seen-from-time-to-time.
the people. The Omahas and Female personal name.
Poncas and use it
call it nu'-gthe, do°-he', decent, clean — of good char-
in the same manner as do the acter.
Osage. This root is still used dc-he, following requirements of mar-
for food by these tribes. ried life. A man who has followed
do'-ghte —do-gthe, pomme
to°-a all the requirements of a married
blanche; big: turnip.
to°-a, life must have purchased his
first
do'-gthe-zhu-e— do'-gthe, pomme wife, eitherthrough his father or
blanche; zhu-e, red: beet. by some near relative who had the
do'-gthe-zhu-e, radish. care of him; second, he must by
do'-gthe zhu-e o^-gu no° a-tha, I his own efforts have set up a
like radishes. house for himself and supported
do'-ka, damp; wet; moist. himself and family; third, he must
fi te do'-o°-ka ha, my feet are wet. have had children and grandchil-
gi te do'-thi-ka a(?) are your feet dren. He must have purchased
wet? a wife for his son; he must have
do-k'e shi a(P) have you been to sold a daughter, and have had
dig potatoes? her married publicly. Only when
do°, a. he has had grandchildren is he
do", because; when; did. allowed to call himself Do°-he or
do°, such a place. allow others to do so. One man
do°, were. spoke of himself as Do "-he'; the
Do°-a-bi, Looked-upon; Gazed-upon. other man said, "You are not yet
Female personal name. Refers to Do"-he, but you are coming near
the sun. to it. You were not married ac-
Do'°-ba-bi, Seen-by-all. Female per- cording to the usages of the tribe,
sonal name. but in the secret depths of the
do°-be, to see; to perceive; to scruti- tall grasses and among the shad-
nize; to watch. ows of the leaves of the trees;
a'-to°-be, I watched over him. nobody knew about your marriage.
a'-shto°-be, you watched over him. However, by your own efforts you
o°'-ga-do"-ba i, we watched over set up a house and have sup-
him. ported yourself and the woman
dc'-be, to see. you call your wife; you have en-
wa-to°'-be, I saw them, tertained, freely, both men and
wa-shto^'-be, you saw them. women of prominence and ele-
LA TLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 39
dc-he —
continued. dse'-to"-ko"-ha, littoral; shore of the
vated yourself in that way. You lake,
now have a son and a daughter; dse u'-sko°-5ka dsi, in the middle of
both are to be married; you will the lake.
marry them off according to our Dse u'-ga-gi-xe, a long crooked lake.
old-time custom. They will have The twelfth camp of the first trail,
children; then, and not till then, also the site of the twelfth camp
you may call and be called Do°-he, of the second trail. The Osage
and not be flattered." name for Crooked Lake, Okla.
do°'-he, generous. Dse' u-xthu-xtha, deep pond on a
do°'-he a-ka tho°-zha wa-xpa' thi° branch of the Caney River, Okla.
a bo, he is generous but poor. dsi, there, designating place.
do°-he' a-zhi", to think well of a dsi°-tha' tc-ga, a great butterfly.
person. This is used as a symbol of the
do°-he' a-a-zhi°, I think well of him. Ho"'-ga U-ta-no°-dsi gens.
do"-he' a-tha-zhi°, you think well of dsi-o°'-dsi-o°, a butterfly.
him. dsi-o°'-dsi-o° wa-po-ga, the owl but-
do°-he' o^-ga-zhi" i, we think well terfly.
of him.
dsiu'-dse, ripe; mature; as applied to
dc'-ka, short or stubby, as a bear's fruit and grain.
tail.
lj:o°'-dse xo-dse a-ba dsiu-da bi the
do'-stse-dse do,— potato; stse-dse,
plum is ripe,
o,
long: the sweet potato.

dsiu'-the, ragged; worn out; frayed;
do-zha'-the, rotten; putrefied; decom-
shabby.
posed. {See xthi-ba'the.)
o°-dsiu'-a-tha, I am ragged,
she' a-ka xthi-ba-tha bi a, the apple
thi-dsiu'-a-tha, you are ragged,
is rotten.
wa-dsiu'-a-tha, we are ragged.
dsa'-pa, short; a short man; anything
{Compare btha-btha-ge.)
not long.
dso'-ba-no°-tlie ga-xe, to do or make
dse, a lake; small inland body of water.
a little at a time.
dse'-do°-k'o°-ha-kshe, shore of a
dso'-ba-no°-the pa-xe, I do a little at
lake.
a time.
dse'-do°-Vo°-ha-kshe a-a-mo°-bthi°,
dso'-ba-no°-the shka-xe, you do a
I walked on the shore of the lake.
little at a time.
dse'-do°-k'o°-ha-kshe a'-tha-mo°-ni,
dso'-ba-no°-the o°-ga-xa i, we do a
you walked on the shore of the
little at a time.
lake,
dsu'-ba, few; scant; not suflicient.
dse' -do °-k' o "-ha-kshe o °-ga-mo °-thi "
i, we walked on the shore of the
dsu'-ba e-go°-ga-xe, to reduce the
lake.
amount; to lessen,
Pond dsu'-ba e-go° pa-xe, I reduced the
Dse ga-xa, Lake Branch; Little
amount,
Creek, Okla.
dsu'-ba e-go° shka-xe, you reduced
dse ko°'-ha, the edge of the lake,
the amount,
dse' -the, to kindle the fire,
dsu'-ba e-go° o°-ga-xa i, we reduced
dse'-a-the, I kindled the fire,
the amount.
dse'-tha-the, you kindled the fire.
dse-o°'-tha i, we kindled the fire. dsu-da-zhi, unripe or uncooked; ap-
Dse thi°-kshe, Big Lake. An addi- plied to fruit.
tional 20 miles had been traveled dsu'-dsa-zhi e-go°, rare; not well
when the trail (the third) reached done,
this place where they camped, dsu'-dse, cooked well done,
which was the fifth camp in the dsu'-dse, mellow; softened with ripe-
third buffalo trail.
du'-ba, some. du'-da -thi-sho°, on this side,

du'-da thi°-kshe, the one sitting on du'-da to°, the one standing on this
this side. side.
E
, to say. e'-gi wa-o°, he does so to them.
e-pshe, I say. e-go", verily; very.
e-shc, you say. e'go° a-zhi e-gko", improbable.
e-o°-gi-tho" i, we said. e'-go"-gi-k'o", retaliation of one indi-
, those (as those apples; those things). vidual upon another.
, he, she, it, or that. e'-go° i° da, it is so.
-a'-wa-kshe, that is what I meant. e'-go° gi-k'o° ga-5o° a-ka e-go"", —
l-a'-wa-wo°, the cause of our being; like; gi-]j'o°, back again; ga-go",
another name for Wa-ko^'-da. scold; a-ka, the act of— the-act-
-be' a, who is it? like-scolding-back-again : recrimi-
-gka, in truth. nation.
'-Qkc, an expression used when pro- e'-go" he-bthe, I think it is true.
voked, causing a desire to strike. e'-go" no° bi a tha, they usually do.
-de, one that is. e'-gC-sho^-sho" e, invariable.
-di, a, indefinite article. e'-go° thi°-ge, nothing like it.
-do", when. This term is frequently mo°-zho° the-ga'-ha e-go° thi^-ge
found in rituals. a-tho, there is nothing like it in the
-do°', therefore. land.
-dsi', there. e'-go° tho°-ta zhi, impossible; futile;
e-dsi'mo°-thi", go there. done in vain; of no avail; useless.
-dsi, ha, thither. —
e'-go° tho°-tse e-go°, like; tho°-dse,
-dsi'-hi, when that happens; when I perhaps: possible,
get there. bthe' tho°-tse a-tho, it is possible I
-dsi hi' a(?) did he arrive at that can go.
place? stse' tho°-tse a-tho, it is possible you
-dsi'-to°, thence; from that place, can go.
-dsi' to°-do°, from that time. o°-ga'-the tho-tse a-tho, it is possible
-dsi' to° the-the, thenceforth. we can go.
-dsi' zhi the thi°-ge, one who is e'-go° tho°-zha, nevertheless; how-
never absent. ever.
e' the, it is that. e-go°'-xtsi, exact; precise; downright;
e'-ki-ka-xe e-e', — person; î-â-xe, (2) real; in reality.
look like: look like a person; to e'-go° xtsi zhi, not exact; imperfect.
personate; personation. e'-go" xti e-wa-tha-ke, you meant it.
e'-wa-tho°-a-do°, because of that, e-go°' zhi kshi-the, injustice.
for that reason. e-gc'-zhi u-tha-ge, to make a false
-gi-o°, to do so. statement; to misrepresent.
-gi-on-non, usage; custom. she' thi°-ke i-e-go°-zhi u-btha-ge
gi-pi-o", adapted; accustomed or mi°-kshe, I made a false statement.
used to. i'-e-go°-zhi u-sta-ge bi a, you made a
e'-gi-pi-mo°, I am accustomed to it. false statement.
e'-gi-shpi-zho°, you are accustomed i'-e-go"-zhi o°-gu-tha-gi o° ga-to°,
to it. we made a false statement.
e'-a-wa-gi-pi-o" i, we are accustomed e'-hiu, an elm tree.
to it. E-hiu'-gthe, Elm Creek, a branch of
-gi-wa-gi-k'o°, revenge; injury for Beaver Creek, Okla. It was the
injury received; retaliation of one site of the eighth camp in the
tribe on another tribe. second trail.
LA FLESCHK] OSAGE DICTIONARY 41
E-hiu-gthe, Elm-creek. Personal e'-pshe i" da, I have said.

name. This was given in honor of e'-pshe no°, that I had spoken of.
a father who was killed at this e'-she do°, you have said,
place, e-shki', he, she, or it too.
e'-hiu hi"-dse ni-shtu-shtu, slippery e'-shki, even (God),
elm. e-sho"', near; close to.
e'-ki-a, said to one another. e-^â', thitherward; toward the person.
e-ki'-ge, to say to one another. —
e-ta'-o-ba-he e-ta, in that time;
e'-ki-pa, returning to the same place. —
o-ba-he, following pertaining to;
e'-ki-tha-bthi°, corresponding in num- having reference to.
bers; equal in numbers, e'-ta pa-rao°-gthe, with heads in-
e'-ki-the, he thought of himself. clined in that direction,
e'-ki-tho°-ba, together; they too; they e'-ta-pa-gthe, he lay with his head
also, in that direction.
zhu-ki-gthe a-tha i-ha e-ki-tho°-ba e-ta'-thi-sho°, in the direction of;
xtsi, they went together. toward.
e-no° a'-ba-50°, special. to°'-wo° tho° e-ta -thi-sho° bthe, I
e'-no° bi no°, spoken of (as words). go toward the village.
Term used in rituals. to"'-wo° tho° e-ta'-thi-sho° ne ha,
E-nc'-dc-a-bi, Only-one-seen-by-all. you go toward the village,
Female personal name. Refers to to^'-wo" tho° e-ta'-thi sho° o°-ga
the sun. the, we go toward the village,
e-no°'-gi-tha-bi, the fourth daughter, e-â u'-ga-xthe, facing in that direc-
the favorite. tion,
e'no°-ha, as many as there are. e'-the, to think,
E-no°'-ini"-dse-to°, Sole-own er-of- e'-gi-bthe, I think.
the-bow. Personal name. Refers e'-gi-stse, you think,
to the man selected to make the e'-thc-ba, he also.
bows and arrows symbolic of day e'-thc-ba, of these two divisions.
and night. Ritual term.
E-no°' Mi°-dse-to°, Exclusive owners e'-tho°-be, rises and appears. Ritual
of the bow. Refers to its office of term.
making the ceremonial bow and e'-tho°-ska, to fit.
arrows that symbolize night and ho°-be' tho" e-o"-tho°-5ka mo°-zhi
day. A subgens of the Ho'-I-ni- ha, my moccasins do not fit.
ka-shi-ga gens; acts as Sho'-ka to ho°-be' thi-ta tho° e-thi-tho°-5ka ha,
both itself and the gens. your moccasins fit.
E-no°'-rai°-dse-to° Wi-gi-e, ritual e-o°'-tho°-5ka, it fits me.
of the Bow gens. e'-thi-tho°-5ka, it fits you.
e-no" tha'gthi", first class; (2) that e-a'-wa tho°-5ka i, it fits us.
only is good. e'th.o°-zha, even though this be true;
e-no° u-ko°'-dsi, to except; exclude; nevertheless.
leave out. e'-to", even to them,
e-no" u-ljio^'-dse bthi dsi-ge ha, I e'-tc-ha, the same height.
left it out. ni-ka' no°-ba she a-ka go°-5e ki to°-
e-no° u-lfo"-dsi u-he tha-tha zhi, you ha bi a, the two men are the same
excluded him. height.
e-nc'-xtsi, he, she, or it alone. e'-o°-to°-ha, he is as tall as I am.
e'-pa-5e, to stay over for a day; to e-thi-to°-ha, he is as tall as you are.
tarry, e'-a'-wa-to°-ha i, he is as tall as we
e'-a-pa-ce, I tarried, are.
e'-tha-pa-ge, you tarried, e'-to°-ha, distance; equal distance.
o^-ga'-pa-ga i, we tarried. e'-wa-gi-th.o°, he said it to them.
e'-wa-ka, to mean; to have in mind, —

e'-wo" a-ka continued.
i" da-do" e'-wa-tha-ke tse a-no"'- o''-gu' o°-wa i, we are the cause of it.
bthi", I do not know what you e'-xtsi-e, identical; the same,

mean, e'-aha-mi i" da, I beheve.
e'-go^-xti e-a-wa-ke, I mean it. e'-zhi, not that kind.
e'-go°-xti e-wa-tha-ke, you mean it. e'-zhi-5ka, not the right kind,
e'-wa-ke, he means that. e'-zhi ga-se, to make diflferent.
e'-wa-ke thi-'-ge, it has no meaning. e'-zhi pa-xe, I made different,
e'-wa-kshe, he means that. e'-zhi shka-xe, you made diflferent,
e-wa'-zhi°, voluntarily; of his own e'-zhi o°-ga-xa i, we made diflferent.
volition, E'-zhi-ga-xthi, Slew-the-wrong-man.
e-wa'-zhi^-nc-ge— e-wa'-zhi°, of its Personal name,
own voUtion; no"-ge, runs: an e'-zhi ki-ka-xe, to disguise one's self,
automobile. e'-zhi a-ki-pa-xe ha, I disguised my-
e-wa'-zhi°-no°-ge wi° a-bthi° ha, I self,
have an automobile. e'-zhi tha-lj:i-shka-xe ha, you dis-

e-wa'-zhi°-no°-ge wi° a-ni, you have guised yourself.
an automobile. e'-zhi-no"-the, a variety; an assort-
—
e-wa'-zhi°-po-e e-wa'-zhi°, of its ment.
own volition; po-e, ignites: the e'-zhi-no"-the a-bthi" ha wa-no°-
Osage word for gas. (This word p'i" te, I have a variety of neck-
is also used for electric lights.) laces,
e-wa'-zhi°-po-e wi-u-tha-ho" no" bi a, ha-xi"' te a-zhi-no°-the xtsi a-ni ha,
you cook with gas. you have a good assortment of
e-wa'zhi° po-e pe-dse o"-tho° ga-xe blankets.
no" bi a, we burn gas. e'-zhi-no°-the xtsi, a great variety.
e-wa'-zhi° po-e ni-hni, gas well, e'-zhi-no"-th.o", diverse; miscellane-
e-wa'-zhi" po-e ni-hni wi" mo°-zho" ous.
tho''-di a-bthi" ha, a gas well is on e-zhi o-ko"'-dsi, separate; distinct;
my land. belonging to another class.
e'-wo°, motive; reason for doing a e'-zhi u-gi-no° zhi" kshi-the, a
thing. substitute.
e'-wo"-thi°, by his power (motive). e'-zhi wi" u-k'o° he, in the place of
e'-wo" a-ka, the causer; one who another; instead.
caused the mischief, e'-zhi xtsi, singular; unlike.
wi-e'-wa-mo", I was the cause of it. e'-zhi-zhi-gka, not the right kind.
thi-e'-wa-zho", you were the cause of
it.
G
ga, thus. ga-a'-thi-ko", a boat being tilted to
ga, by blows. one side by the waves,
ga, these grasses. A ritual expression. ga-ba'-ts'i", to strike a blow and
ga, these; the playgrounds. A ritual cause one to bow his head,
expression, ga-ba'-xe, to break a string by striking
ga, him. with a stick,
ga, in this. A ritual expression, a'-ba-xe, I break a string with a
ga, that. stick,
ga-a'-ki-gtha-sho", blown over by tha'-ba-xe, you break a string with
the wind. a stick.
u-thi'-to"-tha ke ga-a-ki-gtha sho", o"-ga'-ba-xa i, we broke the string
the wagon was blown over. with a stick.
.
ga-bi'-5e, the drying of the ground, ga-ga'-da hi-zho", prostrate, as to

the tent, or articles of clothing by spread out flat from a fall,
action of the wind. o^-a'-ga-da hi-zho°, I fell prostrate,
ha-xi°' tho° ga-bi-ge a-gi-the ha, I thi-a'-ga-da hi-zho°, you fell pros-
dried my blanket in the wind. trate.
ha-xi"' tho° ga-bi-ge tha-gi-the ha, ga-ga' dse, hair thinned with age, as
you dried your blanket in the a person's hair begins to fall out.
wind, ga-ga' -gi, to give a stunning blow; to
ga-btha'-btha-zhe, the running of a knock down; to thrash or kiU; to
horse at full speed, stun,
ga-btha'-ge, to burst, or cause to rip a'-ga-gi, I gave a stunning blow,
open by falling, a sack of any- tha'-ga-gi, you gave a stunning blow,
thing. o^-ga'-ga-i, we gave a stunning blow,
ga-btha'-ge a-the ha, u-zhi ha ke, I ga-ge, to cut by a striking blow.
burst the sack. i"-dse' tho'' 'a-ge gthe ha, I cut his
ga-btha'-ge tha-the ha u-zhi ha ke, face,
you burst the sack. i'l-dse' tho" tha-ge gthe ha, you cut
ga-btha'-ge o"-tha i u-zhi ha ke, we his face.
burst the sack, i°-dse' tho" o°-ga-ge gtha i, we cut
go-btha'-gka, to flatten out by ham- his face,
mering. ga-gi', the game of shinny; ball game;
a'-btha-gka, I flattened it by ham- lacrosse.
mering. ga-gi'-ge, to throw with a quick
tha'-btha-gka, you flattened it by movement; to toss; to hurl,
hammering. a'-gi-ge, Ihurled it.
o°-ga'-btha-gka i, we flattened it by tha'-gi-ge,you hurled it.
hammering, o°-ga'-gi-ga i, we hurled it.
ga-btha'-zhe, to sit Turk fashion, as ga-gke'-be, to scrape, as bits of flesh
a tailor. from a green hide,
ga-btha'-zhe a-gthi° ha ki-ku tse-dsi, ga-gki'-ga zhi, indefatigable; not
I sit Turk fashion at a feast. easily tired,
ga-btha'-zhe tha-gthi" ha ki-ku tse- ga-gki'-ge, tedious; wearisome; lassi-
dsi, you sit Turk fashion at a tude; fatigue; to be weary; ex-
feast. hausted,
ga-btha'-zhe o''-gthi° i-ha Iji-ku tse- ga-gki'-t'e, he died of exhaustion,
dsi i, we sit Turk fashion at a ga-gki-tha-t'e te ha, you might die
feast, of exhaustion.
ga-bthi'-zhe, to knock one down with o°-a'-gki-ge, I am weary (from run-
the fist. ning),
a'-bthi-zhe, I knocked him down with thi-a'-gki-ge, you are weary (from
my fist. running)
tha'-bthi-zhe, you knocked him down wa-gki-ga i, we are weary (from run-
with your fist. ning).
o°-ga'-bthi-zha i, we knocked him ga-go°', censure; abuse; reprimand; to
down with the fist. scold.
ga-btho°', a pleasing fragrance, car- a'-go°, I scold or censure.
ried by the winds. tha'-go°, you scold or censure.
ga-ga'-ga-be, to whip with a switch o"'ga'-go° i, we scold or abuse.
or a quirt; to thrash. ga-gc'-gi, a maiden; a virgin.
a'-ga-ga-be, I whip with a switch. ga-go°'-dse, to braid; to weave; to
tha'-ga-ga-be, you whip with a plait.
switch. a'-go°-dse, I weave.
o°-ga'-ga-ga-ba i, we whip with a tha'-go°-dse, you weave.
switch. o°-ga'-go°-dsa i, we weave.
67025-32 4
ga-sc'-i", the morrow; dawn of an- ga-da'-xe, to drench; to saturate; to

other day. soak through,
ga-5o°'-i° do°, to-morrow; some time. ni-zhu' wa-gthi° ha o°-da'-xe, the
ga-50°'-i"-xtsi, early morning, rain drenched me.
ga-sc-i" xtsi wa-no"-bthe, early o°-a'-da-xe, I am drenched,
morning meal; breakfast. thi-a'-da-xe, you are drenched,
ga-5o°'-i° xtsi zhi°-ga, early in the ga-da'-zhe, smallpox. (See zhu-dse
morning; when the morning is zhi-a.)
young or little. ga-da'-zhe, tb blister the hands by
ga-Q0"'-i° xtsi wa-zhi°-ga a-ba hu-to" the use of tools,
shna bi a, the birds sing early in a'-da-zhe, I blistered my hand using
the morning. a tool,
ga-gc' thi" te she-ô" c-thcpa tha'-da-zhe, you blistered your hand
gs ha, wait for me till to-morrow, using tools,
ga-go"' thi" te she-to° o°-tho°-a-pa o'l-ga'-da-zha i, we blistered our
ga ha e-di hi o°-ga-the ta-te ha, hands using tools.
wait for me till to-morrow, then ga-da'-zhi, to extinguish a fire by
we will go. beating it with wet cloths,
ga-5pe', clear, as clear water, free a'-da-zhi, I extinguished the fire
from mud; limpid, with a wet cloth,
ni ke ga'-gpe, the water is clear, tha'-da-zhi, you extinguished the fire
ga-gta', to beat or hammer metal. with a wet cloth,
mo°'-5e gka tse a-gta ha, I ham- o^-ga'-da-zhi, we extinguished the fire
mered the silver. with a wet cloth.
mo°'-5e gi te tha-gta ha, you ham-
ga-dsi', to hoe snow away from around
mered the gold. the house,
ga-Qu'-gu-e, rustling of footsteps.
a'-dsi, I hoed away the snow,
ga-5u'-the, sounding a rattle with a
tha'-dsi, you hoed the snow.
stroke.
o°-ga'-dsi i, we hoed the snow.
a'-5U-the, Isounded the rattle.
ga-dsi' -se, to scrape; to sweep away
tha'-Qu-the, you sounded the rattle.
bits of wood.
o°-ga'-gu-tha i, we sounded the rattle.
a'-dsi-5e, I swept away pieces of
ga-da-da'-pa, to cut a log into short
wood,
pieces,
tha'-dsi-ge, you swept away pieces of
a'-da-da-pa, I cut the log into short
wood,
pieces,
on-ga'-dsi-ga i, we swept away pieces
tha' -da-da-pa, you cut the log into
of wood.
short pieces.
ga-dsi°', across; at right angles with.
o°-ga'-da-da-pa i, we cut the log into
Ga-dsi"'-gthi-tho°, Crosses. Per-
short pieces.
sonal name. Refers to the hungry
ga-da'-dse, miry; boggy; marsh mire.
Qa-da'-dse ga-xa, Miry Creek; Mud calf who runs across in front of the
Creek, Okla.
mother to stop her.
ga-da'-^s'e-ga, the action of the wind —

ga-dsi°'-op-she ga-dsi°, crosswise;
upon meat that is hanging up, op-she, a modification of the word
partly dried, tha-pshe, to bite and carry in the
ga-da'-da-xe, to knock at the door, mouth: bridle bit.
tsi'zhe-be-te a-da-da-xe, I knocked ga-dsi"' op-she i-ko°-the, a bridle
at the door, rein.
tsi'-zhe-be-te tha-da-da-xe, you ga-dsi°' tha-pshe, a bridle bit.

knocked at the door, ga-dsi° tha-pshe i-ko"- the— ga-dsi"
tsi'-zhe-be-te o^-ga-da-da-xa i, we tha-pshe, bridle bit; i-]j;o°-the,
knocked at the door. strap —bridle-bit-strap: rein.
ga-dsu'-xe, to sweep with a broom; ga-gtho°'-thi°, to knock a person

swept, senseless.
a'-dsu-xe, I sweep, a'-gtho°-thi°, I knocked him sense-

tha'-dsii-xe, you sweep. less.
o°-ga'-dsu-xa i, we sweep, tha'-gtho°-thi°, you knocked him

tsi tse a-dsu-xe, I swept the house,
ga'-ge, these. o°-ga'-gtho°-thi" i, we knocked him

ga'-gi-e, to say to another, senseless.
ga-gi'-gi-dse, swaying from side to ga-ha'-ha, swinging up and down to

side, as the running of a man. the rhythm of the waves.
ga-gi'-xe, to strike; to disfigure, ga-he'-xpa, the small branches of a
tree.
a'-gi-xe, I disfigured him.
tha'-gi-xe, you disfigured him. Ga-hi'-ga-zhi, Not-a-chief. Personal
on-ga'-gi-xa i, we disfigured him. name. Could not be chosen as a
chief because his gens believes in
ga'-go°, in this manner.
ga-go", to hew or cut pieces of wood war.
into shape for use. ga-hi'-ge, the great one; the chief,
a'-go", I hew. ga-hi'-ge o°-tha bi o, the chief was
tha'-go°, you hew. removed from his office.
o°-ga'-go° we hew.
i,
Ga-h.i'-ge-no°-zhi°, Standing-chief.
7,ho° ke a'-go°, I hew

the wood. Personal name. So named on
zho° ke tha'-go", you hew the wood. account of position of the chief,
zho° ke o"-ga'-go° i, we hew the permanent, chosen to represent a
division,
wood.
Ga-hi'-ge-tha-gthi°, Good-chief.
ga'-go°-do°, when this was done, or
Personal name. Refers to one
being done; therefore; then.
(From a ritual.)
who promotes peace among the
men.
ga-go"'-e-th.o, that is all.
Ga-hi'-ge-to°, Standing-chief. Per-
ga-go°' no° shki-do" — ga-go°, this
sonal name.
manner; no°, usually; shki-do°,
Ga-hi'-ge-to°-ga, Big-chief. Personal
alone —usually-this-manner-alone: name. Refers to the high position
suflBcient.
of the hereditary chief.
ga-gtha', to make one's hair become ga-hi'-ge ts'e-the, the murder of a
undone by accident, chief.
ga-gthe'-ge, showing the outhne of ga-gi'-ge u-wa'-to°, the second chief.
the ribs, This is a modern term, originated
ga-gthe'-zhe, the act of putting out since the removal of the Osage
a fire by striking with a wet from Kansas to their present
blanket, reservation in the early seventies.
a'-gthe-zhe, I put the fire out with a Before that time the Osage were
wet blanket, governed by two hereditary chiefs
tha'-gthe-zhe, you put the fire out with no second chiefs.
with a wet blanket. Ga-hi'-ge-xtsi, Real-chief. Personal
o°'-ga'-gthe-zha i, we put the fire out name.
with a wet blanket. Ga-hi-ge-zhi°-ga, Young-chief. Per-
ga-gtho°'-tha, failure to knock a man sonal name.
down by striking him. ga-hi'-tha, an object blown by the
a'-gtho°-tha, I failed to knock him wind, or driven by the current of
down. a stream.
tha'-gtho°-tha, you failed to knock o°-a'-hi-tha, I was blown by the
him down. wind,
o°-ga'-gtho°-tha i, we failed to knock thi-a'-hi-tha, you were blown by the
him down. wind.
ga-hiu'-dse, to strike close to the roots ga-pa'-xe, to break or cut a rope.

of a tree when cutting it down. a'-pa-xe, I break a rope,
ga-ho'-sho°-u-ha, to strike with a tha'-pa-xe, you break a rope,
sudden shock; to cause one to fall o^-ga'-pa-xa i, we break a rope,
down or forward, ga-po'-ki, to make a dull thud or
ga i-a'-xa, covering being blown off a sound by striking a soft object,
child by the wind, a'-po-ki, I made a dull sound.
ha-xi"' tho" ga-i-a'-xa i ha zhi"-ga tha'-po-lj:i, you made a dull sound.
zhi°-ga ke, the blanket was blown QD-ga'-po-Ip i, we made a dull sound.
off the babj'. ga-po'-ki-o°-he, to crash with a blow.
ga-i°'-ba-zhi, failure to chop wood a'-po-ki-o°-he, I crashed it with a
because the ax is dull. blow.
ga-ka'a'-xe, to make a grating sound tha'-po-ki-QO-he, you crashed it with
by striking on metal, a blow.
ga-ke'-tha, clouds blown by the wind o°-ga'-po-y-o°-ha i, we crashed it
making the sky clear. with a blow,
ga-ki'-tha-ha, to separate by force. ga-pu'-e, blown into flames by the
(See thi-]ji-tha-ha.) wind.
by force,
a'-lji-tha-ha, I separate ga-sdo'-dse, to disjoint,
tha'-ki-tha-ha, you separate by force, a'-sdo-dse, I disjointed it.
c-ga'-ljii-tha-ha i, we separate by tha'-sdo-dse, you disjointed it.
force. o°-ga'-sdo-dsa i, we disjointed it.
ga-ko'-ge, a thud or heavy sound ga-sdo'-sdo-dse, to dismember,

caused by dropping a stick. ga-shda', to cut grass short,
ga-ko°', to shake a rug or blanket. a'-shda, I cut the grass short,
a'-ko°, I shook a blanket, tha'-shda, you cut the grass short.
tha'-ko", you shook a blanket, o°-ga'-shda i,we cut the grass short.
o^-ga'-ljo" i, we shook a blanket. ga-she', to force one to abandon his
ga-kshi°'-dse, a blow that glanced property,
away without doing harm. a' -she, I forced him to abandon his
a-kshi°-dse, I struck a blow that property,
glanced away, tha'-she, you forced him to abandon
tha'-kshi^-dse, you struck a glancing his property.
blow. o"-ga'-sha i, we forced him to aban-
o"-ga-kshi°-dsa i, we struck a glanc- don his propertj'.
ing blow. ga-shi'-be, escape.
ga-ku'-wi°-xe, the soaring of a hawk; ga-shi'~be, to pay a debt,
the running of a windmill turned a'-shi-be, I paid him.
by the wind. tha'-shi-be, you paid him.
ga-mi'-mi, fringes of hair; leaves or o"-ga'-shi-ba i, we paid him.
vines that are blown and waved wa-thu'-5e tse a-shi-be, I paid the
by the winds. debt.
ga-mi'-mi-tha, swaying in the water, wa-thu'-5e tse tha-shi-be, you paid
as algas or grasses. the debt,
ga-mo"', feathery (down). Used in wa-thu'-gie tse o"-ga-shi-ba i, we
ceremonies, paid the debt,
ga-mo^'-dse, the dust within the ga-shi'-be a-ta xtsi —ga-shi-be, out-
symbolic rattle. side; a-ta, there; xtsi, very: the
ga-nio"'-thi°, scattering and floating outermost,
in the air, as falling leaves blown ga'-shke, to tie.
by the wind, a-a'-ga-shke, I tie.
ga-ni'-tha, without order; chaotic. a-tha'-ga-shke, you tie.
ga' no°, this much; this or that many. o°-ga'-ga-shka i, we tie.
ga-shki'-ge, to make an indentation ga-shto°', to stop; applied to hitting,

by striking. or beating a drum,
ga-sho'-dse, the filling of the air b\^ ga'-stse, split.
dust blown by strong wind. ga-stse a-gi'-the, I split my own ar-
ga-sho"', it is enough; suflScient. rows, so accurate is my aim.
ga-sho°' ga-xe, to stop work. (From a ritual.)
ga-sho°' pa-xe, I stopped work. ga-stse' -ge, to cut meat into strips,
ga-sho°' shka-xe, you stopped work. a'-stse-ge, I cut meat into strips,
ga-sho°' o°'-ga-xa i, we stopped work. tha'-stse-ge, you cut meat into strips.
ga-8ho°'-ge, to pulverize. o°-ga'-stse-ga i, we cut meat into
ga-8ho"'-tha, to spill water from a strips,
vessel by striking against it. ga-stse'-stse, frill; fringe,
a'-sho°-tha, I struck the vessel, spill- ga-stse' -stse-ge, to gash the skin re-
ing the water. peatedly.
tha'-sho°-tha, you struck the vessel, ga-ta'-kshi°, struck with a shock;
spiUing the water. stunned,
o°-ga'-sho°-tha i, we struck the ves- ga'-ta-ta-the, scattered as dirt over
sel, spilling the water. the land. (From a ritual.)
ga-sho°'-the, to go forth regardless of ga-'ta'-the, to break down a house by
danger; without precaution. heavy blows,
ga-8ho°'-to°-gthe, end of a ravine. a'-ta-the, I broke the house down
ga-sho°'-to°-gthe te u-thu wa-gthe with heavj' blows,
mo"-thi° pi ha, I walked to the tha'-ta-the, you broke the house
end of the ravine. down with heavy blows.
ga-sho°'-to°-gthe te u-thu wa-gthe o°-ga'-ta-tha i, we broke the house
mo°-shni ha, you walked to the down with heavy blows,
end of the ravine. ga-ta'-the, a wreck of a building
ga-sho°'-to°-gthe te u-thu wa-gthe struck by a cyclone,
o°-mo°-thi° i, we walked to the tsi ge ga-ta'-the, the house was
end of the ravine. wrecked by wind.
ga she" xtsi do°, when this lapse of ga'-ta-to°, from that direction,
time had passed. (From a ritual.) ga-ta'-xe, to make a cracking sound
ga-shpa'-shpa, to hack a man to by striking,
pieces, ga-thi'-gki, gathering together corn
a'-shpa-shpa, I hacked him to pieces, or wheat.
tha'-shpa-shpa, you hacked him to ga-thi'-da, disturbed, as is water when
pieces. anything is thrown into it.
o°-ga'-shpa-shpa i, we hacked him to ga'-thi°, that person moving.
pieces, ga'-thi°-kshe, this (person) sitting.
ga-shpe', bit; a small coin valued at (From a ritual.)
about 12}^ cents, ga'-thi°-kshe-ta-ha, sit closer to that
ga-shpe' tho°-ba wi° o°-k'i o, give person.
me two bits. ga'-tho°-dsi, at this place. (From a
ga-shpe', to cut one's hand by acci- ritual.)
dent, ga'-thu, at that time and place,
a'-shpe, I cut my hand accidentally, ga'-thu a-di-to°, from that time on.
tha'-shpe, you cut your hand acci- ga'-thu hi, when reaching that place,
dentally. ga'-thu-hi ki, at that time,
o°-ga'-shpa i, we cut our hands acci- ga'-thu-ti-hi-ki, when we reached
dentally. yonder point something happened,
ga-shpe' du-ba, four bits; half a ga-to'-be, to shatter; to pulverize.
dollar, Si'-to-be, I shattered it.
ga-shpe' sha-pe, six bits; 75 cents. tha'-to-be, you pulverized it.
ga-shpe' tho°-ba, two bits; 25 cents. o°-ga'-to-baî,__we pulverized it.
48 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [buu,.
ga-^C-he, to pound into fine powder, Ga-xa ko°'-se ha, two creeks running
as seeds for perfume. parallel to each other. This was
ga-to° she'-no"-zhi" o, wait a while, the third camp of the second
stand there, buffalo trail.
ga-to" she'-no"-zhi" bi o, you stand ga-xa shdo'-zha ga-ge, the branches
there a while, that are bent down,
ga'tse, this; this pile of things before ga-xa' -â, at a distance away.
us. Ga-xa'-ô°-ga, Big Branch; Big
ga-^se', serrations. These refer to the Pawnee, Okla.
serrations on the tail of the turtle, ga-xa', wa-hu-stsa, a sprig; twig;
ga-tse', to skim grease off the surface small branch of a tree,
of water in a kettle, ga-xa' zhi°-ga, small limbs of a tree;
ga-ts'e', rendered unconscious by a (2) a little branch or runlet.
fall; the appearance of being dead. Qa-xa' zhi°-ga ke zhu'-tha-he, you
o"-xi'-tha go° o"'-'a-ts'e ha, I was waded across the creek,
made unconscious.
ga'-xe, to make; to perform,
ga'-tse shki, of this also,
pa'-xe, I make,
ga-ts'u', to shave the head; to make shka'-xe, you make.
shavings from a stick,
o"-ga'-xa i, we make,
ga-wa', to open wide.
tsi-zhe-be-te thi-i-ga-wa, open wide —
ga'-xe a-ka ga'-xe, to perform or to
make; a-ka, one who: a performer,
the door,
ga'-xe go°-tha, to make; to desire; to
ga-wi"', cut in a circle. Refers to the
intend,
cutting of a buffalo skin.
pa-xe ljo°-btha ha, I intend to do it.
ga-xa', a branch; a creek.
shka-xe shko° shda ha, you intend to
ga-xa, lj:o°'-ha kshe u-wa-pa-bthe-
do it.
a-tho, I walked along the bank or
stream,
o°-ga-xe o°-go°-tha i, we intend to
do it.
ga-xa zhi°-ga ke zhu-a'-he, I waded
across the creek, ga-xi'-tha, to make fall by striking; to
ga-xa ke zhu-tha-he, you
zhi°-ga chop a tree; to knock down a
waded across the creek, man.
ga-xa', to excel; outrun; outstrip; to xtha-be' wi° 'a-xi-tha, I chop down
outdistance, a tree,
a'-xa, I excel. xtha-be' wi" tha-xi-tha, you chopped

tha'-xa, you outstripped him. down a tree,
o°-ga'-xa i, we outran him. xtha-be' wi° o^-ga-xi-tha i, we

ki'-ba-no° tse wi-a-xa tse zha-mi, I chopped down the tree,
can outrun j'ou. ga-xi'-xe, to break or crack hard sub-

Iji'-ba-no" tse o°-tha-xa tse zha-mi, stance hke corn, nuts, etc., by
you can outrun me. striking.
ga-xa' -a-gthe, the large limbs of a ga-xo'-e, a top; a hummer. The top
tree, season is in the winter when the ice
ga-xa' -ge, to cause one to cry by hit- in the river is thick. Tops are
ting, made out of cedar or cottonwood.
xa'-ge a-the ha, I caused him to cry. ga-xo'-e wi° a-bthi° ha, I have a top.
xa'-ge tha-the ha, you caused him to ga-xo'-e wi° a-sti°, you have a top.
cry. ga-xo°', to break anything by striking
xa'-ge o°-tha i, we caused him to cry. it.
ga-xa' gtho"-the kshe, the river, a'-xo°, I broke it by striking.

ga-xa' gtho°-the kshe zhi°-ga u-bi tha'-xo°, you broke it by striking it.
Q0"-dse, the large branch of the on-ga'-xo° i, we broke it by striking
river is narrow. it.
.
ga'-xpa, the east, where the sun rises. ga-xthu'-ge, an incision.

mo°-zho°' ga-xpa dsi a-gthi" ha, I zhe-ga wi-ta a-xthu'-ge ha, I made an
dwell in the east, incision in my leg.
ga'xpa dsi, where rises the sun in the zhe-ga thi-ta tha-xthu'-ge ha, you
east. Old Sho°'-ge-mo°-i" said made an your leg.
incision in
that originally this meant the set- ga'xto", to acquit themselves in this
ting sun, but by careless reciting, manner. (From a ritual).
where the term appears in the Fire ga'-xtsi, in this manner,
wi'-gi-e, the meaning was changed ga-xu'-xu-e, sighing continuously (re-
to the rising sun. fers to the wind in the trees)
ga-xthe'ge, to crack something brittle ga-zhi°', to drive a team of horses or
like glass, china, or stone. an automobile,
"'
xe tse 'a-xthe'-ge ha, I cracked the ka-wa tho°-ka a-wa-ga-zhi" a-gthi"
stones. ta mi^-ke ha, I can drive the horses
"' xe tse tha-xthe'-ge ha, you home,
cracked the stone. ka-wa tho°-ka wa-tha-ga-zhi° tha-
"'
xe o°-ga'-xthe-ga i, we cracked gthi° ta-te ha, you can drive the
the stones. horses home.
ga-xthe'-xthe-ge, to crack into small ga-zho°', windfall.
pieces, ga-zhu', to hull walnuts by pounding,
a'xthe-xthe-ge, I cracked it in small a'zhu, I hull walnuts by pounding,
pieces, tha'-zhu, you hull walnuts by pound-
tha'-xthe-xthe-ge, you cracked it in ing.
small pieces. o°-ga'-zhu i, we hull walnuts by
o°-ga'-xthe-xthe-ga i, we cracked it pounding,
in small pieces, ge, the; these. Sign of plural used to
ga-xthi', the killing of an enemy by a quaUfy plural nouns,
war party, the striking of an enemy ge, among.
by a warrior, an act which entitles ge dsi, the places; such places,
him to a military honor, ge'-go", to be ineffective.
ni'-ka-shi-ga wi° a-xthi, I killed an ge'-no°, inanimate objects scattered
enemy, here and there.
ni'-ka-shi-ga wi° tha-xthi, you killed gi, he approaches; he comes,
an enemy, gi'-a, is he coming home?
ni'-ka-shi-ga wi° o°-ga-xthi i, we gi-a-da'-xe, that will easily sink into
an enemy,
killed the skin; refers particularly to
ga-xtho'e, horned toad. tattooing.
ga-xtho'-e wi" i-tha'-the ha, I found gi'-ba-ha, to show anything to
a horned toad, another,
ga-xtho'-e wi° i'-tha-the, you found a ka-wa wi-ta e-pa-ha do°-be a-ki-the
horned toad, ha, I showed him my horse.
ga-xtho'-ewi" o°-tho°-tha i, we mo"-zho°' thi-ta tho" the-shpa-ha,
found a horned toad, you showed him your land.
ga-xthc'-gthi, return of people from gi'-ba-ko°, to be angry; to be in a
a hunt. rage; to become piqued; to rancor.
ga-xtho°'-the, to migrate; to go on a o°'-ba-ko°, I am angry,
hunting expedition. thi'-ba-lfo", you are angry.
ga-xtho°' u-zho°-ge, a migration or wa'-ba-ko° i, we are angry.
hunting trail. gi'-ba-ko° ga-xe, to offend; to give
ga-xtho°'-zhe, to crush with the hand, offense.
wa-dsu-e 5ki-the tho° 'a-xtho°'-zhe gi'-ba-ko° pa-xe, I offend,
he, I crushed the cake. gi'-ba-ko" shka-xe, you offend.
Wa-dsu-e gki-the tho° stsi-xtlio°'-zhe gi'-ba-]j;o° o°-ga-xa i, we offend,
he, you crushed the cake. gi-ba'-xa, to break apart.
gi'-ba-xtho-ga, wounded bj' harmful gi'-gu-zhi, crestfallen; despondent;

grasses. (From a ritual.) disconsolate; dispirited; downcast.
gi-bi'-shu-dse, rubbed away the sa- o°-gu mo^-zhi, I am downcast,
cred soil from his brow. (From a thi-gu a-zhi, you are downcast,
ritual.) wa-gu ba-zhi i, we are downcast.
gi'-bo°, to call from a distance. gi'-do-do", to invade; to go on the
gi'-bo°, to summon; to call to appear. warpath against the enemy.
o°'-bo° i ha, I was summoned, e'-do-do°, I invaded,
thi'-bo" i ha, you were called to the' -do-do °, you invaded.
appear, o°-ga-do-do° i, we invaded.
gi'-ga-thu, shall rattle with a clear gi-do°'-be, to view one's own property,
sound. (From a ritual.) mo^-zho' tho° a-gi-to°'-be ha, I am
gi'-ge, to cut wood for some one. looking at my land.
a-gi'-ge, I cut wood for him. mo°-zho''' tho° tha-gi-shto"'-be ha,
tha-gi'-ge, you cut wood for him. you are looking at your land,
QD-gi'-ga i, we cut wood for him. mo^-zho^' tho" a-gi-to^'-be o°-ga-hi
gi-gi'-tha-zhi, to forget. i, we have been to look at our land.
a-gi'-gi-tha-mo''-zhi, I forgot, gi-do°'-he, he is better.

tha-gi'-gi-tha zhi, you forgot, gai-do^'-ho", happy. {See gi'-gu.)
o^-gi'-gi-thi ba-zhi i, we forgot. gi'-e-go", fortunate, lucky. (From a
gi-5i'-the, to remember; recollect; to ritual.)
memorize, gi'-ga-sho", to suit; to approve;

a-gi'-gi-the, I remember, suitable,
tha-gi'-gi-the, you remember. gi-ga'-xe, vamp; repair; mend. {See

o°-gi'-gi-tha i, we remember, Di'-gi-k'o°.)
a-gi'-pa xe, I repaired,
gi-gi'-the ga-xe, to remind one.
gi-gi'-the pa-xe, I reminded him.
tha-gi' -shka-xe, you mended.
gi-gi'-the shka-xe, you reminded him.
o°-gi-ga-xa i, we mended.
gi'-go°-tha, to want athing, as
gi-gi'-the o°-ga-xa i, we reminded
him. property belonging to another; to
want a person to do some particu-
gi'-gi-the wa-the, memento; memo-
lar thing; to covet.
rable,
c-ba'
e'-ko"-btha, I want what is his.
the gi-gi-the wa-the ha, a
the shko°-shta, you want what is his.
memorable day.
gi-gtha'-she, to deUver; set free;
gi-gta'-ge, to lie flattened on the
rescue; retake,
ground. (From a ritual.)
a-gi'-gtha-she, I set him free,
gi'-gu, to be happy.
tha-gi' -gtha-she, you set him free.
o"'-gu, I am
happy,
o°-gi'-gtha-sha i, we set him free,
thi'-gu, you are happy,
gi-gthe'-zhe, fade; to lose color,
wa'-gu i, we are happy,
wa-tse wi-ta a-ka gi-the'-zha be-the,
—
gi'-gu a-zhi gi-gu, happy; a-zhi, not:
my dress is faded.
disconsolate. gi'-ha-ge, to shun; to avoid; to evade,
o°'-gu mo^-zhi, I am disconsolate, e'-ha-ge, I avoid,
thi'-gu a-zhi, you are disconsolate, the-ha-ge, you avoid,
wa'-gu ba-zhi i, we are disconsolate. ni-â thi° e-ha-ge, I avoid the man.
gi'-5u a-zhi, he is not happy over it. ni-]k:a thi" the-ha-ge, j'ou avoid the
gi'-gu-ga-xe, gladden; to make glad. man.
tho°'-dse wi-ta gi-gu-shka-xe ha, it gi'-ha-gi-the, to be in doubt.
gladdened my heart, o°-ha-gi-the, I am in doubt,
gi'-gu thi°-ge, without mirth; un- thi-ha-gi-the, you are in doubt,
happy, gi-ha'-go°, to succeed.
thi-gu zhi xtsi ni-ke ha-go°, you look o°-ha'-go», I have succeeded.
very unhappy, what it it? thi-ha'-go°, you have succeeded.
gi-ha'-go°, there appeared to him. gi-ko°'-tha, to reclaim property

gi'-hi do "-he, a hospitable person. wrongly in the possession of
gi'-hi-ge, to be chief of a tribe. another.
gi-hi»'-xa, to felicitate. mC-zho^'tho" a-gi-ko°-btha ha, I
a-hi"'-xa, I felicitate. reclaimed my land,

tha-hi"'-xa, you felicitate, mo^-zho"' tho° tha-gi-shko°-shda ha,
gi'-hi-tho^-be, shall appear for them. you reclaimed your land,
Ritual term. gi-ni' -ga-xe, to heal; restore to health,
gi'-ho° a-zhi, to displease; to give gi-ni', to recover from sickness.
dissatisfaction; to repine; to resent. o° gi'-ni bthe ha, I am getting well.
o°'-ho° mo°-zhi, I am displeased, gi-no°'-ko°, he had already heard the
thi'-ho" a-zhi, you are displeased. message sent to him.
wa'-ho° ba-zhi i, we are displeased. gi'-no°-she, to dispossess. (Om.
gi-ho°'-a-zhi, grief; sorrow. same.)
gi'-ho° a-zhi, he does not like it. mi°'-dse ke e'-no°-she ha, I dis-
gi'-ho° a-zhi ga-xe, made to grieve, possessed him of his bow.
gi-ho" a-zhi pa-xe, I made him mi-^'-dse ke the'-no^-she ha, you dis-
grieve. possessed him of his bow.
gi-ho° a-zhi shka-xe, you made him gi-no°'-thi°, forgets.
grieve. gi-no^'-thi" ga-xe, to puzzle; to be-
gi-ho° a-zhi o°-ga-xa i, we made him wilder.
grieve, gi-no°'-thi° pa-xe ha ni'-lja-shi-ga
gi'-ka, to appeal to. thi", Ibewildered him.
gi-k'a-be, the waning of the moon, gi-no°'-thi° shka-xe ha, you be-
gi-ka'-xe, to repair a house or some wildered him.
implement, gi-no°'-thi° o°-ga-xa i, we bewildered
gi'-k'i, to give back something to the him.
owner; to restore. gi-no°'-xe-5ka, to regain conscious-
a-gi'-k'i, I restored it to him. ness; to revive.
tha'-gi-l5;'i, you restored it to him. wa-V'o thi^-ke gi-no^'-xe-gka pa-xe,
o°-gi'-lj:'i i, we restored it to him. I revived the woman.
gi-k'i"', to carry something belonging wa-]j;'o thi°-ke gi-no'^'-xe-gka shka-xe,
to him; to carry his child, or his you revived the woman,
gun. wa-k'o thi°-ke gi-no°'-xe-5ka o°-ga-
gi-]j:'i°' a-tha i-ha, zhi°-ga zhi°-ga xa i, we revived the woman,
thi°-ke, I carried his child, gi-o, to come.
gi'-ko, invitation to dinner or a formal gi-o°', to fly.
feast, gi-o°' i-the, flown; flew away.
e'-ko, I invited him to a feast, wa-zhi°-ga ga-be ab-a gi-o°' a-tha bi
tha'-iô, you invited him to a feast. a, the blackbird flew away.
o°-^;o i, we invited him to a feast, gi-o°'-tha, to discharge,

we'-we-ô, I invited them to a feast, gi'-o-pa-the, to know and understand;
we-the-^ô, you invited them to a to discern.
feast. o°'-wo°-pa-the, I know and under-
gi'-ko °, to mourn; to lament. stand,
a-gi'-ko°, I mourn for him. thi'-o-pa-the, you know and under-
tha-gi'-ko°, you mourn for him. stand,
o^-gi'-ko" i, we mourn for him. wo-o'-pa-tha i, we know and under-
gi-^'o"' Qe ki-the, to rest one's self; stand.
(2) to take pleasure; to recreate. gi'-o-shki-ga, disrespect,
gi-lj;'o°'-5e a-lji-the, I am resting. gi'-o-ts'e-ga, easy to obtain; (2) sat-
gi-l^'o°'-5e tha-lji-the, you are resting. isfying to the desire.
.
gi-pa-gi, to drive one's own horses, gi'-thi-ko", to get out of the way of
a'-gi-pa-gi, I drive my own horses, another; to make room.
tha'-gi-shpa-gi, you drive your own e'-bthi-ko°, I got out of his way.
horses. thc-ni'-li:o°, you got out of hisway.
o"-gi'-pa-?i i, we drive our own Gi' - thi-ko °-bi, One - for - whom - they-
horses, make-many. Personal name,
gi-pa'-hi, sharp for use. Term used gi'-thi-zha, to wash an article for
in ceremonial rites. another,
gi-pa'-hc, to rise. ha-gka' tho" i-wi-bthi-zha te he, let
a-gi'-pa-ho°, I rise, me wash your shirt.
tha-gi'-shpa-ho", you rise. £!:i'-thu-5a-zhi, to spurn; to reject,
o"-gi'-pa-ho'' i, we rise. a-bthu-ga-zhi, I spurn,
gi'-pi-zhi, shock; grief; sorrow. tha-shnu'-ga-zhi, you spurn.
o"-pi'-zhi, I am in sorrow, gi-to°, to regain,
thi'-pi-zhi, you are in sorrow. a-gi'-to°, I regain (consciousness),
gi'-pshe, walking on the earth, tha-gi'-to"*, you regain (conscious-
gi-sha'-be, theirs shall be black. ness).
(From a ritual.) C-gi'-to" i, we regain (conscious-
gi'-sho"-tha, to make loose. ness) .
gi'8ho"-tha, to droop or fall. gi'-ts'e, to lose a relativeby death,

gi-sho"'-tha, loose jointed; broken. wa-tho'-da lii-the wi" o°-ts'e, I lost
gi'-sho°-zhi, to dislike; disagree; to a relative by death,
disapprove. wa-tho' da ki-the wi° thi-ts'e, you
gi'-shu-be, to pay a debt (sometimes lost a relative by death,
gi'-shi-be) gi-^se'-ga, to renew or refresh,
a'-shu-be, I paid the debt, gi'-tse- gi-the, respite; delay; to sus-
tha'-shu-be, you paid the debt, pend action,
o-'-ga-shu-ba i, we paid the debt, gi'-tsi-ga, run evenly, accurately,
gi-ta'-pe, approach in hunting, gi-tsi'-ga, counted with accuracy,
gi-ê'-xi, it is hard for him. gi'-ts'u, to shave aman's head.
ga'-the, he who is moving yonder. gi'-wa-to°-ga, to act as chief for
A ritual expression, another tribe.
gi-tha', made to be. gi'-wa-to°-i°, same as i'the.
gi-the, make to be. gi'-wa-ts'e-ga, easy to obtain,
gi'-tha, to make to be of themselves. gi'-wa-xthi, to prize very highly that
A ritual expression. which is one's own.
gi'-tha-gthi°. (See gi-gu.) mi u'-tha-ge tho° o°-wa-tse-xthi ha,
gi'-tha-gthi", he is pleased. I prize my watch.
gi'-tha-wa-gka, to inform; to explain. no°-be u-thi'-xtha tho° o°-wa-tse-
e-btha-wa-gka, I explained to him. xthi ha, you prize your ring,
gi-the', they shall make of it a symbol. gi'-wa xthi, to value highly some par-
(From a ritual.) ticular property,
gi'-thi-do°, to pull an object or thing tsi'-tse o°-wa-xthi ha, I value my
for another, home,
u-thi'-to^-tha ke bthi-do° ha, I tsi'-tse thi-wa-xthi, you value your
pulled the wagon for him. home,
u-thi'-to^-tha ke ni-do" ha, you tsi'-tse wa-wa-xthi i, we value our
pulled the wagon for him. home.
u-thi'-to"-tha ke o°-thi-do" i, we gi'-wa-xthi-zhi, liberal; generous.
pulled the wagon for him. ni'-^:a-shi-ga gi-wa-xthi-zhi bi a, he is
gi'-thi-ho", remote. a generous man.
Qi-wa'-xthi-zhi, Not-stingy. Per- go°-5e'go° ga-xe, to make as one;

sonal name, unify.
gi-wi^'-do", to reconcile; to come to- go"-5e'-go° zhi, not aUke in appear-
gether; to reunite as a family or ance.
friends; (2) reconciliation. Ija'-wa a-ka go^-ge'-go" a-zhi a-ka,
gi'-wi°ka zhi, to be disloyal, unfaithful, the horses are unlike.
false. go°-5e' ki-go°, alike; resembling.
e'-wi°-ka mo°-zhi, I was disloyal to go°-5e' ]î-to°-ha, equal in height,
him. go^-ge' 'tho°-ska, same in size; as
the'-wi"-ka a-zhi, you were disloyal large as.
to him. go°'tha, to want; to desire; (2) to pre-
gi'win-ke, loyal or loyalty, fer.
e'-wi^-ke, I am loyal. ]j;o°'-btha, I want,

the'-wi°-ê, you are loyal. shko^'-shda, you want,
i°-wi°-ka i, we are loyal, o^'-go^-tha i, we want.
gi-xe', to bury one's relation. go°'-tha wa-tha zhi, undesirable.
u'-tha-de ki-the wi° a-gi-xe, I buried go°'-tha-wa-the, desirable,
a relative, gc' tha wa-gthi°, to crave; a longing,
u'-tha-de ki-the wi" tha-gi-xe, you ku-ku'-ma ko°-btha wa-gthi", I have
buried a relative, a longing for cucumbers.
u'-tha-de ki-the wi" o°-gi-xa i, we zho°-ni shko°-shda wa-gthi°, you
buried a relative, crave sugar.
gi-xi'tha, to fall or droop. gc'-zhi^-ga, failure to do a thing for
gi'-zha, to doubt another's word, lack of skill; (2) unskilled,
e-de she-te wi'-zha ha, I doubt what po^'-zhi^-ga, I am unskilled.
you say. shko°'-zhi°-ga, you are unskilled.
gi-zhu, sweepstakes. o°-go°'-zhi°-ga i, we are unskilled.
go' da, ahead. gtha'-de, to approach a foe or game;
go-da'-ha, go away; depart. to creep upon stealthily,
go-da' -ha ino°-thi° o, go farther a-gtha'-de, I creptup stealthily,
away. tha-gtha'-de, you crept up stealthily.
go'-da thi-sho", on the other side, o°-gtha'-da i, we crept up stealthily.
go'-da to°, that person standing yon- gtha'-po"-ge, a mosquito.
der. Ritual term. gtha'-po°-ge wi° o°-tha-xta-ga bi a,
Go°'-ba-kshe, The-light. Female the mosquito bit me.

personal name. Refers to the gtha'-tha, to unbraid or untie,
light in the eyes of the bear. gtha-tha', to become raveled as a
go"-be', the hackberry. braided or plaited lariat,
go"-be' hi, hackberry tree {Celtis occi- gtha'-tse, to eat what is set before one.
dentalis). The fruit of this tree is btha'-tse, I eat what is set before me.
mashed in a mortar and then used shna'-tse, you eat what is set before
for food. you.
go°-be' hi ba-tse, grove of hackberry o^'-gtha'-tsa i, we eat what is set
trees. before us.
go°-5e', to feign; to make believe. gthe, to go home,
po°-ga'mo°-zhi he no°-be hi u-to°-ga a'-gthe, I go home,
ni-e a-ki pa-xe te, I did not feign tha' -gthe, you go home.
a hurt thumb. QD-ga'-gtha i, we go home,
po°-?e, I pretend. gthe' -be, to vomit; retch; spew,
o°-go°-ya i, we pretend. a'-gthe-be, I vomited,
gC-Qe'-go", alike in appearance; simi- tha'-gthe-be, you vomited.
lar; uniform. o°-gthe'-ba i, we vomited.
—
gthe'-be ino°-ko'', an emetic. The gthe-ge' ga-xe, same as no "-ha btha-

root of the pokeweed (Phytolacca k'a.
decandra) is used by the Osage for gthe-do"', hawk; falcon. Used also as
an emetic and purgative. Every a personal name in the Osage
spring men would get together to Tribe.
chew the root. If one takes an Gthe-do"-a-xe, Hawk-maker. Per-
overdose and becomes sick he is sonal name.
carried to the creek and phinged gthe-do°' 5a-be, black hawk. In the
into the water. This pecuUar Osage war rites the black hawk
remedy takes effect immediately. symbolizes the courage of the
gthe'-bthi" o", ten times. warriors. It also represents night.
gthe'-btho", ten. Gthe-do"'-5ka, White-hawk. Per-
—
gthe'-btho" a-zhi gthe-btho", ten; sonal name.
a-zhi, scattered upon: ten spot in Qthe-do"'-so"-wi°, White-hawk-wom-
deck of cards. an. Female personal name.
—
gthe'-btho" ga-to" gthe-btho°, ten; Gthe-do"'-mi-tse-xi, New-hawk-
— tens:
ga-to", five five fifty. woman. Female personal name.
gthe-btho" do-ba— gthe-btho°, ten; Gthe-do"'-mo"-se, Iron-hawk. Per-
do-ba, four — four tens: forty. sonal name.
gthe-btho°do'-ba-zho°— gthe-btho°, Gthe-do"'-stse-dse, Long-hawk. Per-
ten; do'-ba, four; zho°, sleeps sonal name. Refers to the long
ten-fours-sleep, or forty nights: scalp locks attached to the sacred
the season of Lent. hawk.
gthe'-btho"-hu-zhi°-ga, one hun- gthe-do"' to"-ga, the large hawk;
dred. Cooper's hawk.
gthe'-btho° ki-e do-ba — gthe-btho°, Gthe-do"-tse, New-hawk. Personal
ten; ki-e do-ba, eight—eight tens: name.
eighty. Gthe-do"'-tsi-e, Hawk-p a s s i n g-by.
gthe'-btho" pe-tho^-ba— gthe-btho", Personal name Refers to the hawk
ten; pe-tho^-ba, seven —ten sevens:
.
attacking prey.
seventy.
Gthe-do "'-wa-ko", Mystery-hawk.
gthe'-btho" sha-pe— gthe'-btho", ten;
Personal name.
sha-pe, — tens:
six six sixty.
Gthe-do"'-wa-ko"-tha, Attacking-
gthe'-btho" tha-bthi"— gthe'-btho",
hawk. Personal name.
ten; tha-bthi", three—three tens:
Gthe-do"'-wi", Hawk-woman. Fe-
thirty.
male personal name. Refers to the
mi-xa zhi"-ga gthe-btho" tha-bthi",
sacred hawk.
thirty ducks.
ni'-lj;a-shi-ga gthe-btho" tha-bthi", Gthe-do"'-wi"-zhi"-ga, Little-hawk-
men.
thirty woman. Female personal name.
Refers to the smallest of hawks.
gthe'-btho" tho"-ba — gthe-btho",
ten; tho"-ba, two —two tens: gthe-do"'-xo-dse, brown hawk.
twenty. gthe-do"' zhi"-ga, the little hawk.
gthe'-btho" tho"-ba ki-e-di tho"- This is the smallest of the hawk
ba, twenty-two. family and the most courageous.
gthe'-btho" tho"-tho°, ten each. In the tribal war rites the little
gthe'-btho" tse wi" thi"-ge, ten hawk figures as a symbol of the
minus one: nine. warrior's courage.
gthe-ga'-ga, striped in parts. Gthe-no"'-zhi", Returns-and-stands.
gthe-ge', striped. Personal name. Refers to the re-
wa-tse' gthe-ge wi" a-bthi", I have turn of the war-hawk after a suc-
a striped dress, cessful attack.
a-ga-ha-mi gthe-fe' wi" a-ni, you gthe-zha'-zha, spotted in different
have a striped coat. parts of the body.
LA FLKSCHE) OSAGE DICTIONARY 55
gthe-zhe', spotted. gthi'-shto", to finish a weapon.

rai'-xa zhi°-ga thi°-kshe gthe-zhe', a-gthi'-shto° mi°-dse ke, I finished
the duck is spotted. the bow.
gthi, to come home; to return home, tha-gthi' -shto" mi°-dse ke, you fin-
a-gthi', I come home, ished the bow.
tha-gthi', you come home, o°-gthi'-shto° i mi°-dse ke, we fin-
o^-ga'-gthi i, we come home, ished the bow.

a-gthi' a tho, I have come home, gthi'-tho-to°, rectify.
tha-gthi' a tho, you have come home. a-gthi'-tho-to", I rectified it.
gthi, drew toward himself. A ritual tha-gthi'-tho-to°, you rectified it.
expression. Refers to the grass o°-gthi'-tho-to° i, we rectified it.
that has been gathered by him. gthi'-tse-ga, to renew; to renovate; to

gthi-gthe', to pass by. freshen,
gthi' i-he-a-tha, here laid it down, a-gthi' -tse-ga, I renewed it.
gthi' i-he-a-the i° da, I made it here tha-gthi'-tse-ga, you renovated it.
to fall. o°-gthi' -tse-ga i, we renewed it.
Gthi' I-he-the Wa-tho°, songs of gthi'-u-bthi'', to brandish with a
bringing home and laying down quick motion. (From a ritual.)
the bird. In companj'^ with this gthi'-wi", to redeem; to repurchase,
song is another entitled "Wa-tse a-gthi' -wi", Iredeemed it.
Wa-tho", The Songs of Triumph." tha-gthi' -wi°, you redeemed it.
This song shows the symbol of o^-gthi'-wi" i, we redeemed it.
courage of the warriors, and the gthi'-wi° wa-the, redeemable,
entire war party are spoken of as gthi'-xthu-ge, to disinter.
going home in triumph when the ni'-^:a a-ka gthi-xthu-ga i shi°-to
sacred birds are returned to their zhi"-ga ke, the man disinterred his
respective places among the vari- son.
ous gentes. When the Xo-ka lets gthi'-zhi°, to stretch a skin.
the bird fall to the ground, the ta-ha' tlio° a-gthi-zhi°, I stretch my
people remain silent if it falls in deerskin,
the proper position, taking this as ta-ha' tho° tha-gthi-zhi",you stretch
a sign that the warrior will be your deerskin.
successful. Gtho", Thunder deity.
Qthi'-kshe, The-returued. Personal gtho°, to call one bad names; to revile.
name. Refers to the new moon. a-gtho°', I reviled him.
gthi°, he sat down. (From a ritual.) tha-gtho°', you reviled him.
gthi", to sit. o°-gtho° i, we reviled him.
a-gthi °, I sit. gthc^'-ge, the smell or odor from
tha-gthi°, you sit. spoiled food.
o^-gthi" i, we sit. gtho"'-ge, to take a wife; to marry.
gthi^'-i^-ga o-u, sit down. gtho"'-ge, to dive,
gthi°'-i-tho°-tho°, pausing for a rest a-gtho'i'-ge, I dive.
from time to time as one comes tha-gtho°'-ge, you dive.
home. o°-gtho°'-ga i, we dive.
gthi no°'-the to°, placed close to gtho°'-ge bthe, I went diving.
where he stood. gtho°-ge the, he went diving,
gthi'-nc-zhi, having returned, he gtho^'-ge-shto", coot, a kind of sea
stood. duck,
gthi'-shpi, to shell one's corn by hand, gthc'-gtho", repeated mutterings, as
a'-gthi-shpi, I shell by hand, when one is angry.
tha'-gthi-shpi, you shell by hand, gtho°'-gtho° bthe, I muttered.
o "-gthi'-shpi i, we sheU by hand. gtho°'-gtho° ne, you muttered.
;
gtho"-hi, a hat with ornaments worn gthc'-the-wo", to be hurt in an

by a bride at a wedding. accident.
gtho"'-the-wo° a-dsi no°'-o°-ka ha, I
gtho^-ho'-to", thunder.
gtho"-ho'-to° wa-gthi° bi a, the was hurt in an accident.
thunder was loud. gtho°'-thG-wo" a-dsi no^'-thi-ka ha,
you were hurt in an accident.
Qtho°'-i°, the Thunder deity.
gtho°'-the-wo° a-dsi no°-a-wa-ka i,
Qtho°'i-ni-ka-8hi-ga, People of the
we were hurt in an accident.
Thunder. The name of a gens in
gtho°'-thi°, to be drunk.
the Osage Tribe.
a-gtho°'-bthi°, I am drunk.
gthc'-pa, a cherry. tha-gtho"'-ni, you are drunk.
gtho^'-pa du-ba bthu-e he, I picked
wa-gtho°'-thi° i, we are drunk.
some cherries.
gtho"'-thi° ga-xe, to make drunk; to
gthc'-pa hi, cherry tree. intoxicate.
gthc'-pa hiu — gtho°-pa, choke gtho°'-thi" i-gi-ha, habitual drunk-
cherry; hiu, tree: choke cherry ard; a sot.
tree. The fruit of this tree is used gtho°'-thi»-shto°, intemperance
for food by the Osage, and the drunkenness.
bark (Prunus virginiana) for
gtho°' wa-gthe-5e, hghtning (zigzag).
medicine. gtho"'wa-ga-xthi, to be killed by
gtho"'-tha-ha. {See go-da' -ha.) hghtning.
gtho"'-tha ha the ga-xe, to expel; to gtho°'wa-ga-xthi bi a ka-wa tho°-ka,
drive away. the horses were killed by lightning.
gtho"'-tha ha the pa-xe, I drove (it) gtho°'-xe, the practice of magic upon
away. another.
gtho°'-tha ha the shka-xe, you drove gthu'-Qe, to recover; to take back
(it) away. one's own property,
gtho"'-tha ha the o^-ga-xa i, we a-gthu'-ge, I took back (recovered)
drove (it) away, my land.
gtho^'-tha ha the ga-xa bi o, they tha-gthu'-Qe, you took back (re-
expelled him. covered) your land.
gthc'-the, magnitude; greatness; (2) o°-gthu'-9a i, we took back (re-
broad; wide; stupendous; prodi- covered) our land.

gious. gthu'-zha, to wash (one's face),
gtho"'-the-ha, extending over a broad gu'-da, facing the opposite direction,
or wide tract. gu'-da thi"-shke, the one sitting on
gtho'''-the wa-gthi°, enormous; ex- the opposite side.
ceedingly large; huge, gu'-dsi, farther into the house.
xtha-be gtho°'-the wa-gthi° to°-be gu'-dsi, in times past; a long time
ha, I saw huge trees. ago (primitive).
H
ha, skin of any animal; the bark of a ha'-ba-gthe-ge, spotted corn,
tree; shell of nuts; cuticle. ha'-ba gthe-zhe, speckled corn.
ha, ho; O. For the fourth time the Buffalo threw himself
ha'-ba, corn on the cob. upon the earth,
And the speckled corn,
ha'-ba-si-kc-pa-gi, yellow transpar-
Together with the speckled squash.
ent corn. He tossed into the air,
ha'-ba qka, white corn. Then spake, saying: What living creature is there
ha'-ba da-po-ki, pop corn. that has no mate?
ha'-ba da-po-lji o^-gu no" a-tha, I

And thus he wedded together the speckled corn,
a male, to the speckled squash, a female,
like pop corn. lie coutiuuod: The little ones shall use this plant
ha'-ba ga-xthe-xthe-ga, striped corn. for food as they travel the path of life.
ha'-ba gthe-zhe —continued. ha'-bthe-ka-sho-ga, ga-be, black
Thus they shall make for themselves to be free velvet,
from all the causes of death as they travel the ha'-bthe-ka-sho-ga, ga-be wa-tse wi"
path of life.
a-bthi° he, I have a black velvet
(36th Ann. Rept. B. A. E., p. 281, lines 103-110.)
dress.
ha'-ba-hi, corncobs.
ha'-bthe-ka sho-ga, zhu-dse, red
ha'-ba-hi pe'-dse i-pa-xe he, I made a velvet,
fire of corncobs.
ha'-ge, to flee from danger; to run away
ha'-ba ko°-se-si-da, the blazing star.
out of harm's reach; to escape,
This flower was used by the
a'-ha-ge, I fled from danger,
Tho'-xe gens as a symbol.
tha'-ha-ge, you fled from danger,
Then Tho'-xe spake, saying: I am a person of
whom the littleones may make their bodies
o^-ha'-ga i, we fled from danger,
(symbol). ha'-gi, grapes.
Thereupon he threw himself upon the earth. ha'-gi zhu-dse o°-tha-gthi° ha, I
And the blazing star (Lacinaria pycnostachya)
like red grapes.
Sprang up from the soil and stood pleasing to the
sense of sight with its beauty. ha'-gi a-be shta-ha, large wild
Of this plant the little ones shall also make of grapes, with smooth leaves,
their bodies (symbols), said the Tho-xe.
ha'-gi biu-ge, dried grapes; raisins,
ha'ba no°, mature cornstalks. —
ha'-gi hi, grapevine ha'-gi, grape; hi,
ha'-ba sha-be, dark-colored corn, vine.
ha'-ba-thi-shpi, corn shelling. ha'-gi-ni, juice of grapes; wine,
ha'-ba bthi-shpi, I am shelling corn, ha'-gi-ni e-go°, winelike,
ha'-ba ni-shpi, you are shelling corn, ha-gi-ni gi-tha-gthi"— ha-gi-ni, wine;
ha'-ba o^-thi-shpi i, we are shelling gi-tha-gthi", fond of: a winebibber.
corn,
ha'-ba thu-ge, the picking
—
ha'-gi-ni-ka-tc ha-gi, grape; ni-ka-
of the corn, to°, that has a husband: the fe-
ha'-ba bthu-ge, I pick corn, male grape; a smaller grape than
ha'-ba ni-ge, you pick corn, the smooth-leafed.
ha'-ba o^-thu-ga i, we pick corn, ha'-gi-ni we-thi-wi°, a merchant who
ha'-ba to-ho, blue corn. For the sells wine,
legend of the blue corn see back of
ha'-gi to"-ga, big grapes; cultivated
book.
grapes.
ha'-ba-tsi, a corn house or a corncrib;
(2) a granary,
ha'-gi-xo-dse — ha-gi, grapes; xo-dse,
gray: fox grapes.
ha'-ba-tsi ke u-gi-pi ha, the corncrib
ha'-gi zhi°-ga, little grapes; raisins.
is full,
ha-gka', calico, gingham, canvas, or
ha'-ba wa-xo-be gi-hi, a sacred
yellow corn.
any cotton goods; (2) gingham or
calico shirt; a woman's jacket,
ha'-ba xu-dse, gray corn.
ha'-ba zhi hi, pink corn. ha-gka' dsiu-tha, rotten rags.
Ha'-ba-zhu-dse, Red-corn. Personal ha- gka' -mi —ha, skin; gka, white; mi,
name. Refers to a life symbol. robe: shawl,
ha'-ba zhu-dse, red corn, ha-gka' -mi wi-ta tho° ga-be, my
ha'-bi-ta-the, gathered together in a shawl is black,
pile, ha-gka'tse ni-ga-shpo° a-the, I

ha'-bthe-ka, ribbon. soaked the clothes in water,
ha'-bthe-ka ke zhu-dse, gka, tu-hu ha' gka' ^sij a canvas tent,
u-ki-lji-ba he, the ribbon is red, ha-gka' u-ba-tsi a, tuck your shirt
and blue striped.
white, tail in.
ha'-bthe-ka sho-ga, thick ribbon, or ha-gka'u-ki-pa-tse, a patch quilt,
velvet. ha-gka' u-mi-zhe, a bed sheet.
58 BUBEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BITLL. 109
ha-gka' wa-xthe-xthe, ensign; flag; ha'-shi, the last one.

banner; symbolic standard. To ha'-shi, to strike so that one whirls
distinguish the American flag from around when falling,
the feathered standard of the ha'-shi, the end of things; Omega,

Osage, the word wa-xthe-xthe ha'-shi-ta, in times past; in the rear,
was preceded by the word ha-gka' —
ha-shi'-ta wa-do"-be ha-shi-ta, to
which meant cloth. Cloth stand- the rear; wa-do°-be, act of seeing:
ard the American flag.
:
looking backward; retrospect,
ha'-do-ga, nettleweed ( Urtica gracilis). ha shki, in every direction; in any ^
This a sacred plant. Its fiber

is place,
was used for woof in weaving the ha'-shki-pa, returning to the starting
sacred rush mat case for the wa- point,
xo'-be or sacred hawk. ha'-shki-pa-gthe, to lay the head
ha'-do-ga i-bi-gta, stung by a nettle. anywhere, in restlessness. J
ha'-go-e, what has happened. ha'-ta, why. |

ha'-go°, wherefore; what has hap- ha'-ta-ha, how has it fared with you?
pened; what is it? ha'-tho" ba-da-pa, to cut a piece of
ha'-go° a-tha-zhi° a(?) what do you skin round.
think? ha'-tho° ba-a-da-pa, I cut the piece
ha-go°' do°, why; for what reason; of skin round.
what for. ha'-tho° ba-tha-da-pa, you cut the
ha'go" do" sta zhi a(?) why did you piece of skin round,
not go? ha'-tho" ba-o°-da-pa i, we cut the
ha-go° e', what is it? what is the piece of skin round.
matter? ha'-thC-Qka, the a coat or of
size of
ha'-go°-tho° ta zhi a-zhi, doubtful. anything that measurable,
is
ha'-go° ts'e tse thi'-u-pa-the, an ha'-tho-xtha thi"-ge, to turn aside

inquest; an inquiry into the cause from the right direction; to go
of the death of a person. astray.
ha-gtha'-thi°, carry with you. ha- to"', how far; what distance.
ha-gthe'-zhe wa-tha-ge, handker- ha- to"- do" tha-gthe â -tse a(?)
chief, when will you go home? g
ha-gthe'-zhe wa-tha-ge o°-wo°-xpa- ha-to"'-dsi, when; at what time. i
the mi^-kshe o, I lost my hand- ha-to"'-dsi tha tsi a(?) when did
kerchief. you come?
ha' -ha, hght; not heavy. ha'-ô"-shki, whenever.
ha'ha, to be ready; (2) readiness, ha' -to" shki e-she do", whenever you
ha' -ha a-lji-the, I am ready, say,
ha' -ha tha-^î-the, you are ready, do" bthe te e-she
thi-e ha' -to" shki
ha' -ha o°-]ji-tha i, we are ready, do" e-go" ta-te ha, whenever you
ha' -ha Iji-tha ba thi" ho, hold your- say I will go.
selves in readiness. —
ha-tse' thi°-ge ha-tse, fear; thi"-ge,
ha-ho"' zhi°-ga, twine; string; cord; without, or nothing to cause: safe,
small rope. tsi wi-ta tse-dsi ha-ts'e'-o" thi^-ge.
ha-ho°' zhi°-ga i-tha-ljo^-to", I tied it I am safe at home,
with twine. hau, now.
ha'-ni-ka wa-â-i, a commander's ha-u'-ki-gthi-xtha, attire,
orders to his warriors. ha-u'-xi, the husks are brown. Re-
ha'-no°, how much or how many? fers to the corn when it has ripened.
ha'-shda ha, broadcloth. This is a (Om. same.) J
very highly prized material; it is ha-we' (fem. ha-ve'), to greet. I
worn l)y the women on dress —
ha'-we-a-ge ha, skin; we-a-ge, with
occasions for a robe or a skirt. It which to lace: thread.
was introduced to the Indians by ha-we-a-5ej§a-be he-be o"-ki a, give
French traders. me some; black thread.
OSAGE DICTIONARY 59
ha-xi°', a woolen blanket. Before the he'-be-thoo-tho", piece by piece,

introduction of woolen blankets by he'-bthe, I think.
traders, the Osage Indians used buf- He'-5ka-ino'>-i°, White-horn-walks.
falo skins for robes and bedding. Personal name. Refers to the
ha-xi°' a-gi-gtha-ljo", I shake my buck deer with white horns.
blanket, He'-50°-ho°, White-horns. Personal
ha-xi"' tha-gi'-gtha-lô", you shake name.
your blanket, he-50°' zhi°-ga, little white louse; a nit.
ha-xi"' thi°-kshe bthe-ka, the blanket he-ga' (Om. same), turkey buzzard,
is thin. he-ga'-xa, scalp lock; horn,
ha-xi°', tho° bthi-btha, I spread the he'-ga-xa u-gtho°-the, the large
blanket. branches on the horns.
ha-xi°' tho° stsi-btha, you spread the he'-go°, possible.
blanket. he-he', rapid breathing; to pant; res-
ha-xi°' wi" a-thi° a-ka ha u-ta-ga piration,
xtsi, he has a showy blanket. a'-he-he, I pant,
ha-xi°' wi-ta tho° a-gi-pi-thi xthi-ge, tha-he'-he, you pant.
my blanket is worn. o°-he'-ha i, we pant.
Ha-xi°'-gthe-zhe-ga-xe, Navajo. he'-no"-no°-ge, to come running.
The blankets made by this tribe he'-8hka-shka-tho°, to hop.
of Indians are considered to be he'-shka-shka-tho" bthe, I hopped,
very choice. he'-shka-shka-tho" stse, you hopped.
ha-xi° zhu-dse, a scarlet blanket. he'-shka-shka-tho° o°-ga-tha i, we
ha'-xti-k'o°, to put forth great effort. hopped,
ha'-xti-a-lj;i-k'o°, I put forth great he'-tsi", to sneeze. When one sneezes
effort, an Osage will say, "Ah! somebody
ha'xti-tha-lj'o", you put forth great is slandering me."
effort. he-a'-tsi°, I sneeze.
ha-xti-o°-lji-k'o'> i, we put forth he'-tha-tsi°, you sneeze.
great effort, he'-xpa, frowzy; unkempt.
ha'-zho", what are you doing? what wa-lj'u a-ka ta-xpi tho° he'-xpa bi a,
did you do? the woman has a frowzy head,
ha' zhu-dse, red stroudmg. ni'-lja a-ka he'-xpa bi a, the man is
he (Om. same), louse, unkempt,

he, horn_ he'-xthi", a mink; aferret; a weasel,
He-ba'-to°-he, Stubbj'-horns. Per- a'-ga-ha-mi wi-ta tho" he-xthi° ha
sonal name. Refers to the worn- a-ba-ta bi a, my coat is trimmed
down horn of the buffalo. with mink.
he'-be, a piece; a part; portion, he'-xthi zhi°-ga, little ground squir-
he'be, the half of. A ritual expression, rel,
he'-be ba-no°-the, intermission; a hi, to.

pause; a temporary discontinu- hi, to arrive at a place,
ance, hi, stalk; trunk of a tree or vine; legs,
he'-be ba-no°-the tse o°-tho° a-ga-pa hi (Om. same), tooth or teeth.
bi a, I waited for an intermission, —
hi'-ga-da hi, leg; ga-da, outstretched:
he'-be ho°-zhi, a defect; defective; outstretched legs; this refers to
(2) part not good. the eagle's leg fastened to the
He-ba-^-ge, Blunt-horns. Personal shrine. This gens belongs to the
name. Ho°'-ga division,
he'-be-no°, partly; not whole; partial, hi'-dse-the, hurry; hasten,
he-be tha-shpe, to bite off a piece, hi'-dse-a-the, I hurried him.
he-be btha-shpe, I bit off a piece, hi'-dse-tha-the, you hurried him.
he-be sta'-shpe, you bit off a piece. hi'-dse-o^-wo^-tha i, we hurried him.
67025—32—5
:
60 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull.
hi'-e, it disappears. Hi^-ba-sda, Sheds-his-hair. Personal

hi'-e ge, the setting of the sun. name. Refers to the shedding of
Hi'-ga-ino"-ge, Eagle-down. Female the hair of the buffalo.
personal name. Refers to the use Hi^-gi^'-mci", Brown-hair-walker.
of the eagle down in ceremonies. Personal name. Refers to the
hi'-gi-ga-xe, teeth repairer; dentist, color of the buffalo calf.
hi'-gi-ga-xe a-ka dsi bthe ha, I am hi"-5ka' zhi°-ga, small beads.
going to the dentist, hi°'-50-dse, sleek; smooth; glossy
hi'-gi-ga-xe a-ka dsi mc-thi" o, you hair of an animal.
must go to the dentist. lj;a'-wa a-ka hi^'-go-dsa bi a, the
hi' -go, a fable; a myth; a story not horse has glossy hair.
to be taken literally. Fables and —
hi"-ska' hi°, modification of the word
myths are told only in the winter- i'°, stone; gka, white. This is a
time, when the snakes lie frozen word applied to beads of all colors
underground. They are the guar- by the Osage and Omaha.
dians of truth, and an untrue hi°-5ka' wa-no°-p'i°, bead necklace.
story arouses the anger of a snake. hi^-da', now; at this moment; at once.
hi'-gthi", to sit in lonely places. hi°-da' to°-be tse, now, let me see.
hi-k'e', muscles of the chin. hi'i-dse, the hnden tree and
bark. its
hi'-k'e, teeth. The inner bark of this tree was
hi'-ke no°-be-te a-btha-go^-dse, I often used in making twine and for
held him firmly with mj^ teeth. rough weaving. The inner bark
hi'-ke-no°-be-te a-shda-go^-dse, you of the following trees was also used
held him firmly with your teeth. hi°'-dse xo-dse, gray linden (sap-
hi'-ko", ankles. lings).
hi'-ko° wi-ta zhi^-ga ha, my ankles hi°'-dse zhu-dse, red linden,
are small. hi^'-dse sha-be, dark linden,
hi'-ko°-a-se, to fetter a horse. This hi^-dse wa-xtha, the papaw.
duty was never a pleasant one to hi»'-dse xtsi hi tse-dse u-hni-tse
the boy of the family, u-wa no°-zhi°, I stood under the
â'-wa wi-ta to° hi'-ko^-a-ge pa-xe, linden tree,
I fettered my horse, hi^'-dse xtsi hi tse-dse u-tha no°-zhi°,
â'-wa thi-ta to° hi'-ljo^-a-ge shka-xe, you stood under the linden tree.
yor fettered your horse. hi"'-dse a-zhi, shelf of a cupboard.
Ija'-wa o°-gu-to° hi'-]jo"-a-5e o°-ga- hi"'-dse be-shi", any piece of china
xa i, we fettered our horses. that flares, like a bowl or cup.
hi'-ko°-i-no''-do°, a hamstring. hi°'-dse btha-k'a, a plate.
hi'-ko"-i-thi-5e, to hobble. hi°'-dse btha-lj;'a tse a-wa-no°-bthe
hi'-ko° i-zhi°-ga, small of the leg; the ga-ha i tse a-the, I put the plates
ankle. on the table.
hi'-ko" â-xe, the ankle bone. —
hi^'-dse btha-tha hi"'-dse, bowls
hi'-ljo" wi-ta a-no°-xo" ha, I broke made of basswood; btha-tha,
my ankle bone. widened: the Osage name for
hi'-ko° thi-ta tha-no^-xo" ha, you china plate.
broke your ankle bone. hi"'-dse btha-xe, china plate.
hi'-kshe ta u-ba-he, pertaining to hin'-dse-e zhi"-ga, a small china cup.
the teeth. hi°'-dse gthi-gthi-e, slippery elm.
hi°, an interrogative sign, indicating hi°'-dse hiu, the papaw (Asimina
that a question has been asked. triloba). The fruit of this tree is
hi°, hair of the human bodj^; also the used for food by the Osage. When
hair of an animal. the banana became known to
hi", hair or fur. them they applied the name
hi^'-ba-QO-dse, to molt; to shed. to'-zho°-ge, because of the resem-
.
—
hi^'-dse hiu continued. Hi°-sha', Caddo Indian Tribe,
blance to the shape of the papaw hi"' shko-be, hairy; covered with hair,
and also to its taste. hi^'-stse-dse, shaggy or long haired.
hi°'-dse ni-stse-stse. {See hi"'-dse sho°'-ge a-ka hi°'-stse-dsa bi a, the
gthi-gthi-e.) dog is shaggy.
hi"'-dse ni-stsi-stue, sHppery elm Hi°-wa-xa-ga, Rough-hair. Personal
Ulmus fulva)
( name.
hi"'-dse-pe, a wooden traj' or bowl for hi°'-wa xa-ga, the porcupine. This is
bread or meat. also the name of a subgens of the
hi'''-dse pe u-zhi, a place for keeping I°-gtho°'-ga gens; acts as Sho'-ka
dishes or cooking utensils; a to both itself and the gens,
cupboard, hi^'-xa, to felicitate; to compliment.
hi^'-dse pe zhi°-ga, a dish or dishes. a-hi°'-xa, I felicitate.
hi°'-dse pe zhi°-ga tse-ga o°-k'i a, tha-hi°-xa, you feUcitate,
give me new dishes. o°-hi"-xa i, we fehcitate.
hi"'-dse thi-zha. {See shi thi'-zha.) hi°'-xe-be, shallow fur. An expression
hi"-dse tu-hu, a piece of wood used for used by the Osage to indicate the
fire drill.
fur is short.
hi°'-dse xtsi hi, the bass or hnden tree.
hi°'-xe gc-ge, flattery; false praise,
hi°'-dse xtsi hi tse-dsi u-hni-tse
hi'-pa-hi-kshe, incisors; the sharp
u-wa no°-zhi ha, I stood under the teeth.
linden tree.
hi-pe', the gum of the mouth.
hi°'-dse xtsi hi tse-dsi u-hni-tse
hi-pe' ni-e, gumboil.
u-tha no"-zhi ha, you stood under
hi-pe' ke o°-ni-e ha, I have a gum-
the linden tree.
boil,
Hi°'-ga-ino"-ge, Feathers-scattered-
hi-pe' ke thi-ni-e ha, you have a
by the wind. Female personal
gumboil.
name. Refers to the dropping of
hi'-pshe, to stumble and fall; to trip,
the downy feathers as the eagle
hi'-pshe pa-xe ha, I tripped him.
rises to fly.
hi-ni'-e —
mo^-ko" hi-ni'-e, toothache;
hi'-pshe o°-shka-xe ha, you tripped
me.
mo°-ko°, medicine: toothache
medicine; creosote.
hi'-pshe o°-ga-xa i, we tripped him.
hi^-ga mc'-thi", scattered in the hi'-shno°-shno°, taking rapid strides.
wind when the bird was struck. hi'-shno°-shno" a-tha, I took rapid
strides.
hi-ni'-e, pain in tooth; toothache.
hi o°'-ni-e, I have a toothache, hi'-shno°-shno° tha-the, you took
hi'-thi-ni-e, you have a toothache.
rapid strides.
Hi^'-i^-ki^-da-bi, Feather-fought- hi'-shnoo-shno° o°tha i, we took
over. Female personal name. rapid strides.
hi°'-no°-xpe ga-xe. {See tsiu-i-btha hi-tha', to bathe in a stream,
u-thi-sho°.) hi-tha' bthe ha, I go to bathe,
hi^'-nc-xpe-gthe, bird's, nest. hi-tha' ne ha, you go to bathe,
wa-zhi°-ga hi"'-no°-xpe-gthe wi° i- hi-tha' o°-ga-tha i ha, we go to bathe.

tha'-the ha, I found a bird's nest, hi-tha'-da-da-xe, chatterer; screech
wa-zhi^-ga hi^'-no^-xpe-gthe wi° i'- owl. To the Osage and the Omaha
tha-the ha, you found a bird's the screech owl is a bird of ill
nest. omen. When the cries of a
hi' no", come to. screech owl are heard near a house
hi'no^-no", to come habitually, the occupants hurry out to scare
hi'-no°-zhi°, having arrived there and the bird away.
stood. (From a ritual.) hi-tha'-gi-gi-dse, to gnash; the gnash-
hi°-pa', glue. The Indians made glue ing of the teeth; the grinding of the
of turtle shells. teeth when in a rage.
—
hi'-tha-xa, loin cloth; diaper; breech- hiu'-he-ga, sick; ill; sickness,

cloth. o^-hiu'-he-ga, I am sick,
hi-the', to have gone; to have de- tha-hiu'-he-ga, you are sick,
parted; (2) to cause to reach there; wa-hiu'-he-ga i, we are sick.

to send thither. hiu'-he-ga ga-xe— hiu-he-ga, sick;
Hi'-tho-ka-thi°, Bare-legs. Personal ga-xe, to make: to sicken.
name. hiu'-he-ga i;,si, sick house; hospital,
Hi'-tho-ka-thi°, Long-bow. Personal hiu'-he-ga tsi tse ta o^-ga-thi" o^-ga
name. hi bi a, we took him to the hos-
hi'-tho°-be, made to appear; exposed. pital.
hi'-tho°-be a-gthi°, I am exposed. hi'-u-i, dentition.
hi'-tho"-be tha-gthi", you are ex- zhi°-ga zhi'i-ga a-ka hiu'-i a-ka tho,
the child is teething.
hi'-tho°-be o^-ga-gtbi" i, we are hiu'-i°-ge, leggings (man's).
exposed, hiu'i^-ge da-pa, leggings (woman's).
hi'-to-we, kettle with four legs, like hiu'-i-ni, garter.
an old-fashioned iron pot. hi' u-mc-ka, easy to reach.
hi-tse'-the, he placed upon the tsi wi-ta tse i'-the u-mo'^-lja ha, my
ground, house is easy to reach,
hiu, a leg; trunk of a tree; vines; tsi your house
thi-ta te u-hi a-shka,
stalks of plants. easy to reach,
is
hiu, several; many; more than one or tsi o°-gu-ta i-te u-hi a-shka, our
two. house is easy to reach.
mo°-zho° wi-ta tho° xtha-be ke hiu, hiu' -the, to cause to come. A ritual
there are many trees on my land, expression.
hiu' a-tha bi, increase in numbers, hiu ^c'-ga, the large teeth; the molars,
hiu'dse, same as u-ga'-hu-dse. hiu to'^-ga wi° o^-tha gu-dse ha, I
—
hi-u'dse hi, modification of the word have a hole in one of my molars.
he, vermin; u-dse, hunter hunter hiu-ô°-ga, a great many; a multi-
vermin-hunter: monkey. tude.
hiu'dse -â, down below. hiu-wa'-gthi", very many.
hiu'dse ^c-ga, a gorilla; a big hiu'-wa-thi-xtha-dse, sensitive plant
monkey, (Morongia uncinata), sometimes
hiu'-dse to^-ga a-ka o°-ba ha-ga bi a, called leg clutcher. No use has
the gorilla frightened me. been found for this plant. It
hiu' e the, there are many. received its latter name because
ha'-ba ke hiu' e tho, there are many hunters were annoyed by its
ears of corn, hooklike thorns clutching their
hiu'-ga-sha-ge, particles of food that leggings.
lodge between the teeth while Hiu'-wa-thi-xtha-dse zhu-dsa bi,
eating, when the sensitive rose becomes
hiu'-ga-sha-ge i-ba-gu-dse, a tooth- red in bloom: the month of June.
pick, Hiu'-wa-thi-xtha xtha zhu-dsa bi,
hiu'-ga-sha-ge i-ba-gu dse wi° a-l^'i o, when blooms the sensitive rose:
give me a toothpick, the month of May.
hiu'gthe, upright poles of a house, hiu'-zhu, gums of the mouth.
hiu'-gthe, frame of a house. hi-zhu', the calf of the leg.
tsi tse hiu'gthe ge thi-shto" bi a, the hi'-zhu-ga-wa, the muscles of my
frame of the house is finished. jaw.
Hiu'-gthe-tiC-ga, Big-legs. Personal hi'-zhu-ga-wa ke o°-ni-e, the mus-
name. Refers to the great size of cles of my jaw ache.
the buffalo bull's legs. hna'-ô", you drink.
hni'-tse, cold. ho'-e-ga gi-pshe wa-tho°. Song of

hni-c-tse, I am cold, Walking Over the Earth. The
hni-thi'-tse, you are cold, words of this song imply that they
hni-a-wa-tsa i, we are cold. proceed from a person who had
hni wa'-gthi°, very cold; frigid. just accomplished a difficult task,
hni'-wa-tse, to be cold. and are addressed to one for whom
hni'-wa-tse, cold weather; a cold day. the great task was performed.
hni'-wa-^se wa-gthi°, very cold, This is a version of the Tsi'-zhu
hni'-wa-tse wa-gthi" bi a, hni'-wa- Wa-shta-ge gens.
tsi kshe ta ha, it is very cold in Ho-ga'-xa, Fish-fins. Personal name.
the north. ho-gthe'-zhe, a spotted fish (picker-
ho, fish. Both Osage and Omaha use el?).
fish for food. ho'-ho gtho°-the gki-ge ke do^-be,
ho' a-hi" ho, — fish; a-hi°, wings — fish see the ponderous fish.
wings: fins. ho'-i-si, fishhook.
ho-btha'-gka, flat fish, perch. ho-i'-ha ijo^-ga., big-mouthed fish;
ho-btha'-gka a-ba tha-tse tha-gthi" the bass. {See ho-ko°'-ha-sha-be.)
bi a, perch is good to eat. ho-i'-ha zhi°-ga, small-mouthed fish,
ho'-Qa-gi, to call loudly; to yell, the sucker; bu9"alo fish.
a-ho'-ga-gi, I called loudly, ho-i'-ko°-the (Om. same), fishline.
tha-ho'-ga-gi, you called loudly, Ho' I-ni-ka-shi-ga, Fish People. The
o^-ho'-ga-gi i, we called loudly. name of a gens.
Ho'-5a-zhi"-e, Young-strong-voice. ho-i'-tha-ge, gills.
Personal name. ho-i'-zha-pshe, a fish spear.
ho-5ka': crappie ho, — fish; gka, white. hu-hu' to°-ga kshe ho-i'-zha-pshe ke
Ho-5o°, Braided-fish. Personal name. i-tse a-the ha, I killed the big fish
Refers to the braidedlike appear- with a spear.
ance of the scales. ho'-ka-gi, kidney fat.
ho'-e, a mortar. Ho'-lfi-a-5i, Wriggling-fish. Personal
ho'-e-ga, snares for the animals. A name.
ritual expression. Ho'-ki-e-gi, Splashing-fish. Personal
ho'-e-ga, bare spot (symbolic mean- name. Refers to the splashing of
ings). This bare spot on the the fish in the water as it plays.
ground has a dual symbolism. It ho-ko°'-ha sha-be, black-edged fish;
represents the center of the fore- black bass.
head of the mythical elk, which is ho°, night.
called ho'-e-ga, a term for an ho° a-di, last night.
inclosure in which all life takes on ho° a'-do°, why; what.
bodily form, never to depart ho"'-ba, day. In the Osage tribal
therefrom except by death. It rites the cloudless day is used as
also stands for the earth which the an emblem of peace. It is a life
mythical elk made to be habitable symbol of the Peace gens. The
by separating it from the water. sacred personal name adopted by
Often this term is used to express this gens is Ho°'-ba tha-gthi".
the camp of the tribe when cere- Peaceful day.
monially pitched. The deeper ho"'-ba sa-ni, daily; from day to day.
significance refers to the ancient —
ho^'-ba gka ho°-ba, day; gka, v/hite:
conception of life as proceeding daylight.
from the combined influences of ho°'-ba do°, in the daytime. This
the cosmic forces. This word ho'- term is from a ritual.
e-ga corresponds to the Omaha ho'^'-ba gi-tha-de, a sentence pro-
word hu'-thu-ga, which has the nounced by a court; a day of
same meaning. reckoning.
hc'-ba gi-tha-de — continued. Ho^'-ba we-do-ba —ho"'-ba, day; we-

hc'-ba wa-gi-tha-de wi" e-dsi a-ka do-ba, fourth — the fourth day:
ni'-lva-shi-ga ya-ni, there is a day Thursday.
of reckoning for everybody. hc'-ba we-tha-bthi", the third day,
Ho°'-ba-hiu, Day-comes. Personal or Wednesday.
name. Refers to the passing of Hc'-ba we-thc-ba— ho"'-ba, day;
night. we-tho°-ba, second —the second
hc'-ba i'-ta-xe, the tip or beginning day: Tuesday,
of day. he-be', moccasins,
hc'-ba i-â-xe tho" dsi, at the be- he-be' a-ba-5ta, to patch moccasins.
ginning of the day. ho°-be a-pa-gta, I patched the moc-
hc'-ba-ki, when it is day. casins,
Hc'-ba pa-hc-gthe— Ho^'-ba, day; ho "-be' a-shpa-gta, you patch the
pa-ho^-gthe, first— first day: Mon- moccasins,
day, ho "-be' o"-ga-ba-5ta i, we patched
hc-ba-ha'-shi ^se, the last day; (2) the mocassins,
Judgment day. hc-be' a-gi-nc-§a-da, I stretched
Ho"'-ba stse-dse, moon of the long ray moccasins by wearing them,
days; January. This is the ver- ho "-be' tha - gi - no" - ya - da, you
sion of Black Dog, but according stretched your moccasins by
to Fred Lookout it is the month wearing them,
of Februar}'. hc-be' a-gthc, moccasin sole.
Hc'-ba-tha-gthi", Peaceful-days.
Hc-be'-gu Wi-gi-e, cutting of moc-
Personal name. Refers to the casin In this ritual full
ritual.
office of peacemaker.
details of the ceremonial move-
hc'-ba the-ga, this day; to-day. ments of the cutting of the buffalo
ho°'-ba the-go°-dsi, nowadays. skin and the sewing of the sym-
ho"'-ba u-ga-sha-be, dusk; evening bolic moccasins are given. During
of the da}'.
the recital of this ritual there are
Ho"'-ba u-ga-xe-thi^-ge Ho°'-ba, — three pairs of moccasins made, two
day; u-ga-xe, in which things are
of which are specially for the
done; thi^-ge, none the day on— Xo-ka for his sacerdotal attire.
which nothing is done: Saturday, Fe-
Ho°'-be-do-ka, Wet-moccasins.
hc'-ba-wa-gka, the whiteness of day.
male personal name.
ho"'-ba wa-ko"-da-gi, a week.
hc'be i°-dse ha, the face of the moc-
h9'''-ba i-zho", to sleep during the
casin; the lappets.
day.
ha^'-ba i-tha'-zho", I sleep during hc-be ko°, moccasin or shoe string.
the day. ho°-be'-ko" a-gi-no° ba-xe, I broke
ho^'-ba i'-tha-zho°, you sleep during my moccasin string.
the day. hc-be' ste-tse — ho'»-be, moccasins;

ho"'-ba u-ga-50"-ho° ho"-ba, day; — ste-tse, — moccasins:
long or tall tall
u-ga-QO^-ho", stricken with light: boots.

dawn, hc-be' u-ga-wi°-xe — ho°-be, mocca-
hc'-ba wa-5u, that is clean; spotless; sins; u-ga-wi°-xe, in which a wind-
cloudless. These are expressions ing is made: socks.
also found in rituals. ho°-be u-ga-wi°-xe to-ho ge xta a-the,
Ho°'-ba Wa-kc-da-gi — ho^'-ba, day; I like blue socks.
Wa-ko''-da-gi, sacred — sacred day: ho°-be'-u-pe, the ground wasp. This
Sunday. name was given because the wasp
ho^'-ba wa-thi-tho"-ba ha ta bi sometimes enters a moccasin and
tse, the day on which we will be the owner gets stung when put-
separated: doomsday. ting the foot in the moccasin.
.
hc-be'-u-to", put on moccasins.

to ho^'-gka-do", no particular size.
ho°-be' u-wa-to°, I put on moccasins. ho°'-5ko°-5ka, midnight.
ho°-be' u-tha-to°, you put on moc- ho°'-do'', during the night.
casins, Hc'-dc-wa-k'u, Wom
an-of-t h e-
ho^-be'-o^-gu-to" i, we put on moc- night. Female personal name.
casins. ho°'e-do°, same as wa-ha'gi-the.
ho°'-bthe, to dream. Ho^'-ga, The-sacred-one. Personal
ho°-a'-bthe, I dream. name.
ho°-tha'-bthe, you dream. Ho°'-ga, the name of one of the two
ho°'-o°-btha i, we dream. great tribal divisions of the Osage
ho°-bthi"' ba-hi, sand-hill crane; bean Tribe, the division representing
picker. the earth with its water and dry
ho°-bthi°'- 5a-be, black beans. land. The word signifies sacred or
hC-bthi'i'-QU, bean seed (Falrata holy, an object that is venerated.
comosa) This is used as a symbol
. It is also the name of a subdivision
in the Osage rites. representing the dry land of the
ho°-bthi°'-ge, beans. earth. The dark-plumed eagle is
Iju-lju-gi ta ho°-bthi°'-ge u-thu-lj;i- spoken of by this term, because of
ho° o°-QU shna a-tha, I like beans its symbolic use; a child chosen as
cooked with pork. an emblem of innocence in a peace
ho°-bthi°'-ge tse pa-hi, I sorted the ceremony is called Ho^'-ga. The
beans. origin of the word, being obscure,
ho°-bthi°-ge gi-gthe-gi, yellow spot- can not be analyzed.
ted beans. Ho°'-ga-a-gthi°, Good-eagle. Per-
ho°-bthi°' hi, the wild-bean vine; sonal name. Refers to the eagle
belongs to the same family as that is friendly to the people.
ho^-bthi" 5U. The plant is con- ho^'-ga a-ki-tse, watching the Ho°'-ga
sidered a delicious food. or child representing a symbol in
ho°'bthi°-8ha-be' e'-go°, black bean this ceremony.
like, water beetle. This is used as Ho°'-ga-gthe-zhe, Mottled-eagle.
a symbol by the Wa-ga'-be gens. Personal name. Refers to the im-
LEGEND mature golden eagle.
The people spake to the Water-beetle, saying hc'-ga gthe-zhe, the mottled sacred
"O, grandfather one, the immature golden eagle.
It is not possible for the little ones to dwell upon
Ho°'-ga-ha-bi, He-who-is-called-Ho°-
the face of the water.
We ask you to make search for a way out of our ga. Personal name.
difficulty." ho"'-ga o°-be gthe-zhe, spotted
The Water-beetle replied: "O, my children, eagle.
You ask me to search for a way out of your
difflculty."
Ho^'-ga-tC-ga, Great-eagle. Per-
Thereupon he pushed forth, even against the sonal name.
current. ho°'-ga u-â-nc-dsi, the name of a
Running swiftly upon the surface of the water, gens taking part in the I'-ga-gthe
He came to a bend of the water.
Bo-do Wa-tsi (Dance of the
Then spake, saying: "It is impossible for me to
give you help, O, my grandchildren. supporting poles of a loom frame)
Although it is not possible for me to give you All the various groups having
help, taken part in this dance, the leader
I will say to you; My walk of life is upon the sur-
of the Ho°'-ga u-ta-nc-dsi gens
face of the water.
The little ones shall make of me their symbols. recites a wi'-gi-e relating to the
When the make of me their symbols.
little ones symbolic significance of the drum
They shall be free from all causes of death as they rattle. After this the Mi-k'i° wa-
travel the path of life."
ne" leader begins to beat the drum
Ho-gka', White-fish. Personal name, carried by a servant of the Ho°'
ho °'- ska, any kind. (From a ritual.) I-ni-lfa-shi-ga gens and sings a song,
—
ho"'-ga u-ta-no"-dsi continued, ho^'-nc-pa-ge u-gtho", to arrest
the words of which are addressed one; to place in jail,
to the young women and men as ho^'-no^-pa-ce o°-wo° gtho° i, they

though a father were singing to put me in jail,
his daughters and sons, using the ho^'-be-pa-ge u-thi-gtho" i, they put
special paternal kinship term. you in jail.
After the first phrase of this song ho"'-no"-pa-5e u-k'o°-he, to im-
the Ho"'-ga U-ta-no"-dsi leader prison; imprisonment; to place in
beats his rattle and in his turn confinement.
starts the song and then all the hc-nc'-pa-ge u-mc-thi" bi o,
No°'-ho°-zhi"-ga join in the sing- they walked in darkness.

ing. This name was also applied ho'-no"-ka, back of fish.
to a strange people, by the leader ho"'-shki, any; at random; no definite
of the Wa-zha-zhe division, who aim;
found them while wandering over ho^'-shki a-tha bi a, he went at
the earth in company with the random.
Ho°'-ga and Tsi'-zhu divisions, ho°'-ta-t8e gi'-wa-tse-xi, undecided.
after the three great divisions had ho"'-ta-tseo°-wo"-tse-xi ha, I am
leftthe sky for the earth. These undecided.
strangers were in the habit of ho°'-ta-tse thi-wa-tse-xi ha, you are
destroying life. undecided.
Ho°-ga-wi°, Eagle-woman. Female ho°'-tse-ga, common house fiy.
personal name. ho°'-tse-ga to-ho, blue fly; the

Ho°-gthi', Night-has-returned. Per- blowfly.
sonal name. ho°'-tse gi-wa-^se-xi, dilemma; per-
ho"' i-ni-ka-shi-ga — ho°', night; byi, plexing; intricate; embarrassing.
whom; ni-lja-shi-ga, became ho°'-t:se wa-ha-gi-the, precarious;
people: they became the people uncertain.
of the night. ho°'-tse o°-ha-gi-the, I am uncertain.
ho"'-i-thi°-do", pertaining to the ho°'-tse thi'-ha-gi-the, you are uncer-
night; nocturnal. tain.
ho°'-ka-zhi, no; not so. ho" u-ô°-ga, night at its greatest
Ho''-ino°-da-k'o'', Light-on-the-earth. strength; middle of the night;
Personal name. midnight.
He' -ino°-i°, Moves -in -the -night. Ho"'-wa-k'u, Night-woman. Female
Personal name. personal name.
ho°'-ni, nearly; almost. ho" wa'-tho", night singing. These
ho^'-ni u-wa-tsi°, I nearly struck songs have no particular associa-
him. tion with the actions of the cere-
ho°'-ni u-tha-tsi", you nearly struck mony or the rituals; they are sung
him. between the making of the cere-
ho°'-ni o°-gu-tsi° ba-thi" i, we nearly monial moccasins and the sym-
struck him. bolic painting of the Sho'-lja and
—
ho'''-no°-pa-5e ho", night; no°-pa- the Xo'-lja preparatory to their
ge, darkness: night darkness —
jail. approach to the entrance of the
This refers to the gloomy aspect of sacred house with the candidate.
the prison. These songs are always sung in the
ho"'-no°-pa-5e tsi, guardhouse; pris- evening, and the reason is for the
on. purpose of lightening the cere-
ho°'-no°-pa-5e tsi tse u-gthi" a-tha monial task of the following day
he went to prison.
bi a, and making it less burdensome for
ho"'-no''-pa-5e u-gthi", a jail sen- those who are to through all the
sit
tence. ceremony. While they are of
. .
—
ho° wa'-tho° continued. ho'-wa-ge stsi-wiâ (?) where did you
minor importance, they can not buy it?
be omitted. ho'-wa-ge thi^-ge, nowhere.
hc-wc'-xpa-the, I am lost. ho'-wa-gi to" tha-tsi a(?) where did
ho"'-xti o"-xti a, what kind? you come from?
ho'-o-gthc, to fish; to go fishing, Ho-wa'-hi, Fish-bone. Personal
ho'-of-gtho" a-wi-pe, I invite you to name.
go fishing, ho'-wa-i°-ge, where; in what place,
ho'-o-gtho" o°-tha-pe, you invited ho-wa-i^-gi'-tc-tse, from what
me to go fishing, source, what direction,
ho'-o-gtho" o°-ga-thi-pa i, we invited ho'-wa-ki-pa-^se, of the groups of
you to go fishing. gods.(From a ritual.)
ho'-o-gtho° bthe a tho, I am going ho'-wa-the, where; which one.
fishing, ho'-wa-thi^-ke, which one (sitting),
ho'-o-gtho" stse a(?) are you going ho-we', yes.
fishing? ho'-we, mortar; coffee mill; gristmill.
Ho-pa', Fish-head. Personal name. The mortar is made out of a piece
—
ho-pa'-5u-stse-e ho, fish; pa'û, tip of wood hollowed out by burning.
of nose; stse-e, long: garfish, The lower part is cut down and
ho-pa'-ni-dse, a tadpole, sharpened for thrusting into the
ho-pe'ska, a small fish with a white ground to hold the mortar in place,
spot on the head. ho'-we e-dsi a-hi bi o, yes, he arrived
ho' -pi- si, fish gall. there.
ho'-3ha, wart. Among the Osage ho'-we-pa, pestle.
they have a cure for warts, by ho'-we-^s'a, snakefish; eel. Not used
rubbing a number of small sticks by the Osage for food,
together on a wart, then strewing —
ho'-we-'tsi ho-we, mortar; tsi, house:
them on a much-traveled path. gristmill,
When the sticks are worn out the ho'-we tsi tse pshi ha, I went to the
wart will disappear. gristmill,
ho-sha' i-thi-5ta covered with warts; ho'-we tsi tse shi ha, jôu went to the
warty. gristmill.
ho'sha-tsi-the, to startle. ho'-we-^si a-thi", keeper of a grist-
ho'-sha-tsi-the pa-xe, I startled him. mill; a miller.
ho'-sha-tsi-the o^-shka-xe, you star- ho'-we-zhi°-ga, small coffee mill.
tled me. Ho-xi^'-ha, Fish-skin. Personal
ho'-sha-tsi-the o»-thi-ga-xa i, we name.
startled you. Ho-xo', Fish-scales. Personal name,
ho'-stse-e-zhi^-ga — ho, fish; stse-e, ho'-xpa-xpa, consumption (disease of
long; zhi°-ga, little — little long the lungs)
fish: the pickerel, ho'-xpe-xthi-xthi, phlegm.
ho'-thi-ge i-kc-the, fishhook line. ho'-xtho° -â-xe, a plant used by the
ho' -to", the cr}' or call of animals or Osage in their ceremonial rites
birds, (Sparganium)
ho'-tc-be, to search. ho-zhu'-dse, sun perch.
hu-xtha-be ke ho'-to"-be pa-xe mo"- hu, to be coming to this place,
shti^-ge wi° i-tha-the ^c-btha, I hu, voice.
searched the woods for a rabbit. ni'-ka wi° hu a-no^'-^'o" ha, I heard
ho'-'to"-ga, large fish; whale. This is a man's voice,
also the name by which the Osage hu' o°-tha-no°-k'o° ha, you heard
call the Winnebago Tribe, my voice,
ho'-^se-dse-xe, fish bladder. hu-a'-bi-dse, a fish snare, made of
ho'-u-th.u-thi°-ge, to catch fish with; willow saplings tied together so as
a fishhook. to make one long piece. When
.
68 BUEEAU OP AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 10»
hu-a'-bi-dse — continued. hu'-tha-xi-dse — continued,

the snare is finished it is stretched hu-sta'-xi-dse, you are hoarse.
across the creek and at each end a hu'-o°-tha-xi-dsa i, we are hoarse.
man is given the task of pulling Hu'-to"-ga, Big Fish, the name given
the snare upstream while men and to the Winnebago by the Osage.
boys push it, making much noise. Hu'-to"-ga i-e, Winnebago language.
A number of boys are employed to Hu-to"-ino''-i°, Roars-as-he-comes.

find a shallow place farther up the Personal name.
stream to head off the fish and the hu-u-tha'-da-tho", a sound given
snare with its catch is dragged to back; an echo,
the shallow point and the fish are hu-u-tha da-tho" u-wi° a-no°-lj:'o°
distributed among the people tak- ha, I heard an echo,
ing part in the sport. hu-u-tha da-tho" wi" tha-no°-k'o°
hu btha'-5ka tc-ga, buffalo fish. ha, you heard an echo,
hu btha'-gka zhi"-ga, Uttle flat fish; hu-u-tha-da-tho" wi" o^-no^-k'o" i,
perch. we heard an echo.
hu'-sa-gi, to exclaim; to shout, hu'-u-thu-thi°-ge, a fish catcher; a
a-hu-ga'-gi, I exclaimed, seine.
tha-hu'-ya-gi, you exclaimed. hu'-wa-ge, where.
o°-hu-ya-gi i, we exclaimed. hu we'-^s'a, snakefish; eel.
hu-si°'-dse, fishtail. Hu'-we-tsi, mortar house (gristmill).

hu gthe'-zhe, pickerel (fish). hu-xi^'-ha, fish scales.
hu-i'-ha tc-ga zhi^-ga, trout. hu'-xpe, to hawk; to clear one's throat,
hu i'-ha zhi^-ga, sucker (fish). hu'-a-xpe, I cleared my throat,
hu-i'-ko°-the —hu, fish; i-lj:o°-the, hu'-tha-xpe, you cleared your throat,
Hne: fishhne. hu'-o^-xpa i, we cleared our throats.
hu i'-thu-xe, fish net. hu'-xpe-o°, croup; a hard cough,
hu'-ka-gi, fat around the kidne3's. hu'-xpe-pi-zhi, bad cough; grippe;
hu pa'-gi stse-e, long-nosed fish; gar- influenza,
fish. hu'-xpe xthi-xthi, to cough mucus;
hu pa'-ni-dse, tadpole. to expectorate,
hu pa' u-ga-hi, wags his head; drum- hu'-xpe xthi i-tha'-to, I expectorated,
fish. hu'-xpe xthi i'-tha-to, you expec-
hu pe'-5ka, fish with white spot in torated.
head. hu'-xtha-be, fat that covers the
hu'-tha-xi-dse, to be hoarse, stomach of a buffalo,
hu-btha'-xi-dse, I am hoarse. hu zhu'-dse, redfish; sun perch.
i, mouth. i'-ba-ge — continued.

i, they. i'-shpa-ge, you cut with a knife.
i' a-zhi — i, speak; a-zhi, not —speak o°-tho-"'-ba-gawe cut with a knife,
i,
not; a mute; (2) reticent. i'-ba-btha-gka, to make a smooth

i'-a zhi wa-gthi°, a taciturn person, surface on a board,
i'-ba, haft; the handle of a sharp i'-ba- gi, to chase passers-by.
weapon, i'-pa-gi, Ichased the passer-by.
i'-ba, trope for pipestem. I'-shpa-gi,you chased the passer-by.
i'-ba, to swell; to become swollen, o"-tho°-ba-gi i, we chased the passer-
sha'-ge tse o"-tho''-ba, my hand is by.
swollen, i'-ba-gpo°, to nudge or thrust at (as
sha'-ge tse i-thi-ba, your hand is with a knife)
swollen. i'-pa-gpo", I thrust at (with a knife).
i'-ba- 5e, to cut with a knife, i'-shpa-gpo°, you thrust at (with a
i'-pa-ge, I cut with a knife. knife).
i'-ba-5po° — continued. i'-ba-xtse — continued.

o"-tho'''-ba-5po° i, we thrust at we'-thi° zhi°-ga i-shpa-xtse ha, you
(with a knife). tied it with a cord.
i'-ba-ho", to know. we'-thi° zhi°-ga o°-tho'> ba-xtsa i,
i'-pa-ho°, I know. we tied it with a cord.

i'-shpa-ho°, you know. I'-ba-zhu-dse, Red-handled. Personal
o°-tho°'-ba-ho° i, we know. name. Refers to the red-handled
i'-pa-ho° mo"-zhi, I do not know. knife kept by the Black Bear
i'-shpa-ho" a-zhi, you do not know. (Wa-ga-be) gens,
o"-tho°'-ba-ho° ba-zhi i, we do not i'-be hi°, a cushion; a pad.
know. i'-be-hi° zhu-dse wi° a-bthi", I have
i'-ba-shta-dse, to pick up something a red cushion.

with the end of a stick. i-be-hi° ga-be wi° a-shni, you have
i'-pa-shta-dse, I picked it up with a a black cushion.

stick. i'-be-hi° to°-ga wi" o^-ga-thi^ i,
i'-shpa-shta-dse, you picked it up we have a large cushion.
with a stick. i-be-to°, to go around.
o^-tho^-'ba-shta-dsa i, we picked it i'-pe-to°, I go around.
up with a stick. i'-shpe-to°, you go around.

o°-tho°'-be-to° i, we go around.
i'-ba-shta-ha, to make a smooth
i'-bi-§e, thirsty.
surface.
i'-pa-shta-ha, I make a smooth sur-
o°-tho°-bi-5e, I am thirsty,
face.
i'-thi-bi-ge, you are thirsty.
i'-shpa-shta-ha, you make a smooth we-a'-bi-ga i, we are thirsty.
surface.
i'-bi-50°-dse, close upon his body.
we make a i'-bi-Qta, to put one object in contact

o°-tho°'-ba-shta-ha i,
smooth surface,
with another.
i'-ba-tse, to apply a firebrand to a

i'-bi-k'u-tha, touching my face with
the symbolic clay. (From a rit-
pipe or a bowl. "
ual.)
I'-ba-^se, the name of an Osage
i'-ga-e, ridgepole.
gens that has the office of light-
i'-Qa-gthe, a post planted in the
ing the sacred pipe used in a
ground; a cane or a walking stick.
ceremony; they also have the
i'-ga-gthe Bo-do- wa-tsi, dance of
office of dismissing the spirits of
thrusting the loom poles into the
the dead.
ground. The women dance with-
I'-ba-'tse â-dse, the-gathering-of-the-
out moving, the official weavers
winds. The name of a subgens of
accenting time by thrusting the
the Ho°'-ga Zhi°-ga gens; acts as
ends of their loom poles into the
Sho'-ka to both itself and the
ground. The young men of each
gens.
division, led by the carriers of the
i'-ba-xo°, to break an object by strik- standards, dance in a circle, keep-
ing with a stick.
it
ing up the double lines, those of
i-pa-xo°, I broke it by striking it with the Tsi'-zhu on their side and those
a stick. of the Ho°'-ga on theirs. At the
i-shpa-xo°, you broke it by striking it last note of the song the weavers
with a stick. violently throw down their poles
o°-tho°-ba-xo° i, we broke it by to the ground toward the west,
striking it with a stick. an act which is equivalent to
i'-ba-xthu-dse, to flesh a hide with wishing the warriors of their ene-
some instrument, mies to fall as do the poles,
i'-ba-xtse, to tie with a cord. i'-ga-gthe da-pa, loom stakes.
we'-thi° zhi°-ga i'-pa-xtse ha, I tied i'-ga-gthe u-gthe, crutch.
it with a cord. i'-gda-the, grease for the hair.
70 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
i'-5i, to dislike; to hate; to abhor; i'-e-e-gC-zhi u-tha-ge — contd.

(2) repugnance, i'-e-e-go^-zhi u-shta-ge, you misrep-
pa'-xe ta-te i'-tha-5i ha, I dislike resent,
doing it. i'-e-e-go^-zhi o^-gu-tha-ga i, we mis-
i-tha'-gi, I hate. represent.
i'-tha-Qi, you hate, i'-e-go"-5e-go", dialect.
o^-tho^'-gi i, we hate. i'-e go°-zhi°-ga, little to say; dumb.
i'-î-e wa-the, a knave; a tricky, i'-e ki-pa-xtha-dse — i-e, to talk;
deceitful person, î-pa-xtha-dse, face to each other:

i'-gi-wa-gthi", to detest; great con- to tattle.
tempt, i'-e-ki-the, two persons chosen to act
i-tha'-gi-wa-gthi", I detest, as ceremonial heralds. These per-
i'-tha-gi-wa-gthi", you detest. sons are selected by the No"-ho°'-
on-tho"'-Qi-wa-gthi° i, we detest. zhi°-ga from the Wa-ga'-be gens
i'-§i-wa-the, contemptible; despic- and also from the Mi-]j'i°' or
able; base; vile; infamous. Tse-do-ga-i°-dse gens. These
i-50°'-ga, a younger brother. heralds are sent out to give notice
i-go"' ga u-gi'-ki-e a-ka, he spoke to to the people that on the following
his younger brother. morning the Do-do °-ho°-ga from
i-§tu'-hi, elbow. other gentes will offer themselves
i-da'-be, together with or in addition to serve. These heralds at once
to what one has. start out to cry aloud the notice,
i'-da-gi-hi, sweat lodge, the one from the Wa-ga'-be gens
i'- da- the, to bear a child; to give birth carrying the knife, going around
to an offspring, the village by way of the Tsi'-zhu,
i'-da-a-the he, I gave birth to a and the other herald, carrying the
child, hatchet, goes by the way of the
i'-da-tha-the he, j'ou gave birth to a Ho°'-ga side. When these two
child. heralds are confirmed each is given
number; a majority.
i-do°', a greater a downy eagle feather to wear on
i'-dc-be ga-xe, to imitate; to en- the crown of his head as a badge
deavor to do like someone else. of his office.
i'-do°-be pa-xe, I imitated him. i'-e o°pa-zhi, to disobey.
i'-do°-be shka-xe, you imitated him. i'-e o-psha bi go°-tha, insist on being
i'-do°-be o°-ga-xa we imitated him. i, obeyed,
i'-do°-be ga-xe, a facsimile. i'-e o-psha bi ko°-btha, I insist on
i-dse'-gi, uncle; father's or mother's being obeyed,

brother. i'-e o-psha bi shko°-shda, you insist
i'-e, to speak, on being obeyed,

i-tha'-e, I speak, i'-e o-psha bi o°-go°-tha i, we insist
i'-tha-e, you speak. on being obeyed.

i'-e,a language. i-e' pi-o°, skilled in the use of lan-
i'-e-a-no°-se, to interrupt. guage.
i'-e-a-a-no°-ge, I interrupted. i-'e-pi-zhi-ga-xe, to curse; to revile.
i'-e-a-tha-no°-ge, you interrupted. i'-e-shto°, a talkative person.
i'_e-o°-ga-no°-ga i, we interrupted. i'-e tha-e-zhi —
i-e, speech; tha-e-zhi,
i'-e a-thu xu-ge, to drawl; slowness repeating falsely: to misconstrue,

of speech. i'-e btha-e-zhi, I misconstrue,
I'-e-gka- wa-the, Giver-of -speech. i'-e-shta-e-zhi, you misconstrue,
Personal name. i'-e o°-tha-e-zhi i, we misconstrue.
i'-e-e-go"-zhi u-tha-ge, to misrep- i'-e tha-gthi° ga-xa bi a, he de-
resent. livered a fine oration.
i'-e-e-go°-zhi u-btha-ge, I misrep- i'e tha-gthi"* shka-xe o, your oration
resent. was good.
LA FLESCHKJ OSAGE DICTIONARY 71
i'-e-tha-xu-ge, or i-'e-wa-9tu-dse, to i'-ga-hi, the mixing of several in-

drawl. gredients.
i'-e u-gi-pa no" e-gi-tho° — i-e, i'-ga-^'i-tha, spurs.
speech; u-gi-pa, to follow; no", i'-ga-pu-ki, slapping with it (refers to
usually; e-gi-tho", to say —speech- a fish or beaver hitting the water
to-f ollow-usually-to-say : to repeat, with the tail).
i-'e u-ki'-pa-zhi, dissent; to disagree i'-ga-â-mo°— i, with which; ga,
in opinion, strike; ta-mo", ringing sound as of
i'-e-wa-gka, an interpreter; translator, metal: a bell.
ni'-ka-shi-ga a-ka i-e-wa-gka tha- i'-ga-ô°, to groan; to moan,
gthi° bi a, that man is a good i-tha'-ga-to", I groan.
translator. i'-tha-ga-to°, you groan.
i'-e wa-gtu-dse, to drawl. (See i'-e o°-tho°'-ga-to° i, we groan,
a-thu-xu-ge.) i'-ga-tse, an implement for skimming
i'-e wa-tha-zhu-zhi, diatribe; a dis- grease from food that is cooking.
cussion; an argument; an abusive i'-ga-xu-xu, streaked with color.
harangue, I'-gi-a-ba-zhi, Lost. Personal name.
i'-e-wa-ô-ge, to talk rapidly, Refers to the waning moon.
i'-e-o^-wc-to-ge, I speak rapidly. i'-gi-ba-ho°, to identify; to recognize.
i'-e-wa-thi-to°-ge, you speak rapidly, i'-tha'-gi-pa-ho°, I identified him.
i'-e wa-we-ga-5ko°-the, not in the i'-tha-gi-shpa-ho°, you identified him.
real sense; figuratively, o^-tho^'-gi-ba-ho" i, we identified
i'-e wi°-ksh.e, the truth. him.
i'-ga-bi-ahe, winkers; eyelids. i'-gi-ha, always; ever; often; frequent;
I'-ga-bu, a Kickapoo Indian. incessant.
i'-ga-ge, to cut wood with an ax. i'-gi-ha —
u-i i'-gi-ha, always; u-i,
zho°' a-ge tse zhi°-ga pa-xe ha, I cut —
growing always-growing: peren-
the wood small. nial,
zho°' tha-ge tse stse-dse shka-xe ha, i'-gi-k'u-tse, to rehearse; rehearsal,
you cut the wood long. i-tha'-gi-lj'u-tse, I rehearsed.
zho°' o^-ga-ga i, we cut wood, i'-tha-gi-lj;'u-tse, you rehearsed.
i'-ga-gi-ge, to stretch, as limbs in o°-tho°'-gi-lj'u-tsa i, we rehearsed.
growing.
i'-gi-ni-tha, to make a protection of.
i'-ga-ski-ge, tedious.
i'-gi-no°-hi°, to permit, or to give
i'-ga-gki-ge wa-tha i ha, it is very
permission.
tedious.
i-tha'-gi-no°-hi", I give permission.
i'-ga-5ko°-the, to test; to try out;
i'-tha-gi-no°-hi°, you give permission.
to examine.
o°-tho'^'-gi-no°-hi'' i, we give per-
Ija'-wa to" i-tha-ga-5ko"-bthe ha, I
mission.
tested the horse,
i'gi-no°-hi° the "-tse, permissible.
we'-thi" kshe i-tha'-ga-gko^-bthe ha,
you tested the rope, i'-gi-no°-zhi°, to depend on some one.
i'-ga-dsi-ge, to sweep along; (2) a i'-wi-gi-no°-zhi°, I depend on you.
parade. i'-tha-gi-no^-zhi", you depend on
i'-ga-dsi-o", to stand abreast in single him.
Hne. i'-gi-shto°, to comply; to approve.
i'-ga-dso°-the, abreast; rank and file. i-tha'-gi-shto°, I approve.
i'-ga-dso°-th.e mo°-i°, to walk i'-tha-gi-shto°, you approve,

abreast. o^-tho-'-gi-shto" i, we approve,
i'-ga-d80°-the no°-zhi", to stand i'-gi-the, to see; to discover or find
abreast. something belonging to one's self,
i'-ga-dso°-the no°-zhi° bu a a-î'-da i-tha'-gi-the, I see or discover for
a-ka, the soldiers stood abreast. myself.
72 BUKEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull, loa
i'-gi-the — continued. i'-gtho"-xe — continued.

i'-tha-gi-the, you see or discover for i'-tha-gtho-'-xe, you made an inquiry
yourself. about a relative,
o°-tho"'-gi-tha i, we see or discover o^-tho^'-gthoo-xa i, we made an
for ourselves, inquiry about relatives.
i'-gi-thi-gtho" (Om. same), to decide i'-ha, mouth.
or plan for another; to have con- i'-ha te o^-ni'-e ha, my mouth is sore,
trol of another, i'-ha a-ki-gthe, to kiss.
i'-gi-thi-shki, to wring clothes. zhi-'-ga zhi-'-ga to° i'-ha a-a-lj;i-gthe,
a-the-tse i-the'-bthi-shki, I wring I kissed the child,
the clothes, zhi^-ga-zhi-'-ga to° i'-ha a'-tha-lji-
a-the-tsc i-tha'-ni-shki, you wring gthe, you kissed the child.
the clothes. zhi°-ga zhi°-ga to° i'-ha o°-ga'-ki-
i'-gi-thi-zha, to wash a garment for gtha i, we kissed the child.
another, i'-ha-gka-zhi, a mouselike animal; a
i'-the-bthi-zha, Iwash for another, shrew.
i'-tha-shni-zha, you wash for another. i'-ha i-bi-ka, a napkin,
o°-tho"'-thi-zha i, we wash for i'-ha ko-'-ha, the edge of the mouth;
another. the lips,
i'-gi-zhu-shi, to dissuade; to inhibit.
i'-gi-thi-shki, to wring out a garment
i'-ha ko°-ha ke o°-zhu-dse he, my
lips are red.
for another.
i'-ha i-tha-ba-su, to point at the
i'-go°-5e, the use of something already
lips.
made, as a pattern in making an
i'-ha kshe, the lips.
article like it; facsimile.
i'-ha u-tsi, garrulity; to jabber; to
i'-gtha-no°, guilt; guilty; disgrace;
talk rapidly,
dishonor,
i'-ha o^-wo^-tsi, I talk rapidly,
i'-gtha-no" bi tse gi'-ho°-a-zhi wa-
gthi° bi a, he is in disgrace,
i'-ha u-thi-tsi, you talk rapidly,
i'-gtha-no" a-gtha, to inculpate; to i'-ha u-wa-tsi i, we talk rapidly,
blame; to accuse; to involve in i'-ha zha-ta, broken lip; harelip.
guilt; to implicate. shi°'-to zhi°-ga a-ka i'-ha-zha-ta i ha,
i'-gtha-no° a-ka, felon; depraved in the boj' has a broken lip.

thought; wicked in heart or action. i'he'-the, to lay down a long object,
—
i'-gtha-no"-ki-5tu i-gtha-no°, accu- i-he'-a-the, I laid down a long ob-
sations or oflfenses; ki-gtu, assem- ject,
blage: court. i-he'-tha-the, you laid down a long
i'-gtha-no° thi°-ge, guiltless; blame- object.
less; innocence. i'-he'-o°-tha i, we laid down a long
i'-gtha-no° wa-gi-shi-be, a fine; the object.
payment of money for some offense. zho° ke ki'-i-he a-the ha, I put down
i'-gtha-wa, account, as the accounting the log.
of property. zho° ke ki'-i-he tha-the ha, you put
i'-gthi-gtho°, to refresh one's mem- down the log.
ory; to recall; to think back. i-he'-the, to put a thing down,
i-tha'-gthi-gtho°, I recalled. i-he-a'-the, I putit down,
i'-tha-gthi-gtho°, you recall, i-he'-tha-the, you put it down.
c-tho^'-gthi-gtho" i, we recall. i-he-o°'-tha i, we put it down,
i'-gtho°-2e, to make inquiry concern- i-he'-the, made to lie in death.
ing a relative or some personal (From a ritual.)
belonging. i-he'-wa-tha-the, you shall make
i-tha'-gtho°-xe, I made an inquiry them to He vanquished. (From a
about a relative. ritual.)
i'-hi-dse, eager; earnest; impatient, i'-ki-gtha-e, to divide; to distribute,

o^-thc'-hi-dse, I am impatient, i'-ki-gtha-hi, to mix together, as
you are impatient.
i-thi'-hi-dse, beans and corn,
i'-hi° a-gi-dse-zhe zhi^-ga, a kid; a i'-ki-gthe, the manner of wearing a
young goat. blanket.
i'-hi° ga-ts'u —
i'-hi", beard; ga-ts'u, i'-ki-gthi-shto°, preparation; to pre-
to shave: shaving the beard. pare; ready,
r-hi^-u-ba-do", Pointed-beard. Per- ta u-wa-ho" ko°-btha tho° i'-ki-gthi-
sonal name. Refers to the beard shto" pa-xe he, I prepared the
of the buffalo. meat for cooking,
i'-hi-tho°-be, the means by which to i-ki' -i-he- the, with the sacred arrows,
make them appear. (From a you shall make them to lie down
ritual.) in death. (From a ritual.)
i'-hiu, beard or mustache. Both are i'-ki-ka-wi° the, to exchange; to trade;
spoken of by the use of the same to barter.
word. i'-ki-wa-wi° a-the, I exchange.
i'-hiu-dse, by its aid downward. Re- i'-ki-â-wi° tha-the, you exchange,
fers to the downward course of an i'-ki-ka-wi" o"-tha i, we exchange,
eagle. (From a myth.) i'-ki-ki-the, to find one another; to
i'-ho°-bthe, to dream of a certain see one another.
thing. i'-ki-k'o°, to put upon the face as a
i-tha'-ho°-bthe, I dreamed of a cer- symbol. (From a ritual.)
tain thing. i'-ki-ino°-thi°, a visitor; a guest.
i'-tha-ho°-bthe, you dream of certain i'-ki-mo°-thi° wi° o°-ta-pe a-tsi bi a,
things, I have a guest,
o^-tho'^'-ho^-btha i, we dream of cer- i'-ki-mo^-thi" wi° thi-ta-pe a-tsi bi a,
tain things. you have a guest.
i-hc'-ga (Om. same), a sister-in-law. i'-ki-ni, a muddle; to confuse; to mix
This term is used also when refer- up.
ring to th« sister of a mother. da' -do" ga-ni i'ki-ni i-tsa bi a, every-
i-ho°'-the, to have one for a mother. thing is mixed up.
i-ho°'-zhi°-a, little mother; a mother's da' -do" ga-ni i-ki-ni tha-the, you
sister or niece. mixed everything.
I'-hu-tha-bi, From-whom-permission- da'-do° ga-ni i-ki-ni o^-tha i, we
is-obtained. Personal name. Re- mixed everything.
fers to the authority vested to i'-ki-no", to paint one's self ceremoni-
'
give orders to go on a buffalo ally.

hunt. i'-ki-no°-xthe, to hide one's self.
i'-i"-to°, an earring. i-tha'-ki-no"-xthe, I hid myself.
I'-ka-pu, Kickapoo. i'-tha-ki-no°-xthe, you hid yourself.
i-ki (Om. same), chin. o°-tho"'-ki-no°-xtha i, we hid our-
i'-ki-a-dsi°, a fan. selves.
mo°-sho° i'-ki-a-dsi° wi° a-bthi° ha, i'-ki-pa-no°-xe-5ka, with the use of
I have a feather fan. the bone awl as a scarificator they
i'-ki-5i, enemy; to hate one another. shall bring themselves back to
i'-ki-da-the, to breed together or consciousness.
among themselves, i'-ki-pa-no°-zhi°-zhi°, feebly trying
i'-y-da-the wa-pa-xe, I breed fine to stand by the aid of a stafl".
horses, (From a ritual.)
i'-ki-da-the wa-shka-xe, you breed fine i-ki-sho-dse, haze; mist; fog.
horses, o°-wo"'-xpa-the ha, i'-ki-sho-dse ke,
i'-ki-da-the o°-wo"-ga-xa i, we breed I was lost in the fog.
fine horses. u-thi'-xpa-the ha, i'-î-sho-dse ke,

i'-ki-da-the-the, posterity. you were lost in the fog.
—
-ki-sho-dse continued, ko'-tha, fellow; a friend.
ba-dse a-ba u-xpa'-tha i ha, i'-]î-sho- i-lj;o'-tha u-wa-gi-î-e, I spoke to a
dse ke, the boat was lost in the fog. friend,
-ki-thi-do", suspender, i-ko'-tha u-tha-gi-lji-e, you spoke to a
i'-lji-thi-do" a-gi-pi-ge ha, I broke my friend,
suspender, l-lfo'-tha zhu-gi-gthe gthi" a-ka tha,
-ki-tha-dsi", a fan. he sat with his friend.
-î-the, to find that which is lost. ko'-tha wi-â u-zhu a-a' zhi°
i'-tha'-lj:i-the, I found what was lost, mi -kshe o, he is my friend; I hold
i'-tha-lji-the, you found what was him in esteem.
lost. ko'tho" ki-ka-xe, making friends,
o"-tho"'-ki-tha i, we found what was -ku-dse, to shoot at with a gun, or
lost. with a bow and arrow.
-ki-the, to be awake, -ku-i-pshe thi^-ge, nothing to fear,
am awake,
i-tha'-ti-the, I ku'-tha, crony.
you are awake.
i'-tha-î-the, ^'u-tse, to risk. {See ga-sho°-the.)
-^-thi-btho°, to mix together; inter- i-tha'-k'u-tse, I risk.
mixing; to mix things that are i'-tha-lj;'u-tse, you risk,
unlike, o^-thoi^'-lji'u-tsa i, we risk.
-ki-thi", to tangle; to entangle; to -k'u-tse, to test the taste,
comphcate. ku-wa-ku zhi"-ga, a little old
i'-ki-thi° pa-xe, I tangled it. woman. A term used through
i'-ljii-thi" shka-xe, you tangled it. marriage,
i'-lj;i-thi'' o°-ga-xa i, we tangled it. -mo", the other one.
wa'-50°-dse kshe bthi-i-lj;i-thi'', I -mo°-xe, to inquire,
tangled the weave, i-tha'-mc-xe, I inquire.
wa'-go^-dse kshe stsi-i-!î-thi°, you i'-tha-mo"-xe, jôu inquire.
tangled the weave. o"-tho"'-mo°-xa i, we inquire.
•ki-thi--to°-ga, to interchange; per- ', to wear, as a robe or a blanket.
mutation. , to suckle.
-ki-tsi° (Om. same), to hit against ",rocky cliff; a stone.
each other. ''-ba-xtha, stone that flakes,
-ko', grandmother. '-be (Om. same), the tail of a bird.
-ô-e, my grandmother, used when '-be-§i-ga, red-tailed hawk.
addressing her. '-be-§ka, White-tail. Personal name.
-ko-i-pshe, to distrust; hazard; peril; Refers to the tail of the mature
perilous. eagle,
i-tha'-lj;o-i-pslie, I distrust, '-be-hi", a pillow.
i'-tha-to-i-pshe, jôu distrust. i°'-be-hi° shto°-ga xta a-the ha, I
o"-tho°'-lj:o-i-psha i, we distrust. like a soft pillow.
ko"', a man's mother-in-law, his i°' -be-hi tho^-ba xta tha-the ha, you
wife's mother. like two pillows.
-Ipo", to gamble; to contend in '-be-hi° sa-gi, a hard pillow,
gambUng. '-be-hi" -ô^-ga, a large pillow.
-k'o", to cultivate growing corn, '-be-stse-e-zhi^-ga, the mocking
beans, and squash, bird,
i-tha'-lf'o", I cultivate, '-be-â-xe ska, tip of tail white: an
i'-tha-t'o", you cultivate. eaglehke hawk.
o^-tho^'-Vo" i, we cultivate. '-be u-ho"-ga-§ka, slate-colored
-kc-the, the pot hanger, bird,
-ko^-to", to with a rope,
tie '-be zha-â, swallow-tailed kite,
i-tha'-lfo^-to", I tie with a rope. ''-be-zha-â Ku-da-bi ga-xe, where
i'-tha-lf:o''-to'", you
tie with a rope, fork-tailed hawks were shot: Big
o^-tho^'-lô^-to" i, we tie with a rope. Elk Creek, Okla.
—
I^'-be-zhc-ka-wi", Fork-tailed-kite- —
i^-dse'-ha mc-gta i^-dse-ha, skin of
woman. Female personal name, the face; mo"-gta, sores: pimples.
i'" bo-ga, a tombstone. —
i°-dse'-hi° i-ga-^s'u i°-dse, face; hi",
i'"'-§a-ka, loose rocks. hair; i, with which to; ga-ts'u,
i^'-cho" (Om. same), at this moment; scrape: a razor.
now; immediately; right away, i°-dse'-hi° i-ga-ts'u ke pa-hi wa-gthi°,
i^-cho^'-btha-xe, a flying squirrel. the razor is sharp.
i"-cho°' ska, white mouse; ermine. in-dse' tha u-ga-gi-gi-hi bi a ni-ka-
The skin of the ermine was used shi-ga a-ka, his face is sallow.
for ornamenting dress jackets by i°-d8e' thi-pi-zhi, grimace,
the Osage and other Siouan Tribes. i^-dse' tho" o°-5'i''-tha, I have wrin-
The skin had a liigh market value. kles.
i°-cho"'-ga zhi°-ga, a mouse. i"-dse' u-gtho° — i°-dse', face; u-gtho°,
i^-cho"' to°-ga, a rat. to thrust in: a halter,
i''-cho°'-'to°-ga i-^s'e-the — i"-cho°- â'-wa a-ka i°-dse' u-gtho" thi-ba-
ton-ga, rat; i-ts'e-the, to kill with xa bi a, the horse broke the halter,
to-kill-rat-with : rat poison; rats- i^-dse' wa-gthe-se — i°-dse, face; wa-
bane, gthe-ge, paper: photograph.
i^-cho^'-ôn-ga u-thi^-ge —in-cho"- i'"-dse-xe, a stone jug.
ton-ga, rat; u-thi^-ge, catches i^-dse' xtho-xtho-ge, a pockmark.
catches-rats: the butcher bird; a A made by some scab or sore
scar
shrike. being rubbed off.
i°-5ka' bo-sa, a white stone monu- i^-dse' zhu-dse — i"-dse, face; zhu-dse,
ment. red: red-face; ruddy.
I°-Ska'-pa-5i ga-xa, White Rock i°-dse-zhu-zhu-dse, disfigured by
Creek; Flint Rock Creek, Okla. pimples on the face.
i^-da, I am. i'"'-ga-si-tha, a stone club; a shng
I'^'-da-pa u-pshe, Round-stone Ford, shot.
r^'-da-pa-we-tsi". Sling people (Pue- '-ga-gi-tha wi° pa-xe, I made a
blo) .The Osage fought these peo- sling shot.
ple years ago when they used '-ga-gi-tha wi" shka-xe, you made
shngs. a sling shot.
i'"-da'-po-ki, rock that explodes with '-gai-gi-tha wi" o^-ga-xa i, we made
heat. sling shots,
r"'-do-ka-wa-da-i"-ga, Playful-wet- i^-gthe', dung; excrement,
stone. Personal name, i^-gthe' ni-gthu-se, cholera morbus;
i^-dse', face. dysentery; diarrhea,
i^-dse' a-da ga-xe — i°-dse, face; a-da, ni'-â-shi-ga hiu ts'a bi a, i°-gthe'
frozen on; ga-xe, to make; to- ni-gthu-ge o" bi a, many people
make-face-frozen-on; a statue, die from cholera morbus.
i^-dse'-a-thi-sc", head frame for a i°-gthe' u-da-ga-gi, constipation.
baby board. This is used as a i°-gthe u'-thi-k'e, a syringe.
protection when covering the i"-gthe' u-to°-ga, large intestines.
baby's eyes with a soft material i°-gtho°', special kinship term for the
to keep off either wind or strong first son; one that only the imme-
hght. It is frequently ornamented diate family uses,

with bright-colored strips of braid- i^-gthc'-ga, puma; also the name
ed worsted and bells, given to the domesticated cat
i^-dse' ga-gi-gi-xe, to disfigure the when it was first introduced by
face by gashing with a knife. the early settlers. The flesh of the
i°-d8e' gthe-zhe— i"-dse, face; gthe- puma was never used for food by
zhe, spotted: freckles. the Osages. The skin served for
i°-dse'-ha, the skin of the face; the ceremonial robes in the war rites
forehead. and for ornaments. In the war
67025—32 6
76 BUEEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull, lus*
»-gtho"'-ga — continued. i"'-ki-the, to cause another to carry

ritesthe puma symbolized cour- a load.
age; the black on the tip of the 'i°-a'-lj;i-the, I caused him to carry
tail, on its ears, and on tip of its a load.
nose and on its feet symbolized *in'-tha-ki-the, you caused him to
the charcoal and fire of the home carry a load.
which the warrior must strive to 'i"'-tha-lj:i-tha i, we caused him to
keep burning. This is also a name carry a load.
of a gens of the Ho"'-ga division. —
'°'-ki-the i'", a stone; ki-the, turn
°-gtho°'-ga a-ka ni-ka-shi-ga ô" a into: petrify.
u-i-5i bi a, the panther sprang on '°'-ko"-ba— i'°, ko°-ba, light,
stone;
the man. transparent: transparent stone,
"-gthc'-ga ga-xa, Panther Creek glass; also used for the word mica.
(branch of Birch Creek, Okla.). '°'-ko°-ba, a tumbler for drinking
"-gthc'-ga mc-Bhu, puma-skin water.
quiver, i'°'-]j:o°-ba a-xthe-ge ha, I broke a
i^-gtho^'-ga mo°-zhu wi" a-bthi° ha, tumbler.
have a puma-skin quiver.
I '"'-ko"-ba ni u-tho-zhu i'", stone; —
"-gtho"'-ga ni mo^-tse, puma in the ko°-ba, translucent; ni, water;
water. A subgens of the Wa-zha'- —
u-tho-zhu, put into stone-translu-
zhe gka gens; acts as Sho'-ka both ceut-water-put-iuto a pitcher,:
for itself and the gens. '"'-kc-kc-tlia, friable rock or stone.

"-gthc'-ga zhi°-ga, little puma; the A symbol used in rituals.
name given to a domestic kitten. "-kshe'-de, shoulder.
°-gtho°'-ga-zhi°-ga, Little-puma. i°-kshe'-de wa-hi pi'-xo" ha, I broke
Personal name. my shoulder.
"-gthc'-gthe-zhe, the lynx. This °-kshe'-dse a-ga-shke, the stick used
animal figures pronainently in the as a pin for fastening the blanket
Osage war rites as a symbol of at the shoulder.
courage. '"'-mc-hi^-gi, stone arrowhead,
"-gthc'-gthe-zhe wa-tse-xe, wild i'^'-moo-hi^-gi wi" i-tha'-the ha, I
cat. found a stone arrowhead.
"-gthc'-pa-ta, a bobcat kitten. -no"-a'-the i" da, I have plated them
'"-gthc'-the, rock. where they are. (From a ritual.)
"-gtho°'-wa-thu-gthe-se, Hghtning. '-no°-so°-dse, to take shelter behind
"-gtho^'-xe (Om. same), ghost. something, as a protection,
"-gthu'-ba-tc-tha, the tumbhng or i-tha'-no^-gc-dse, I took shelter be-
dung beetle. hind a tree.
"'-gthu-shka, the name of a dance i'-tha-non-go°-dse, you took shelter
which originated with the Omaha behind a tree,
and Ponca, borrowed from them o^-tho^'-no^-go^-dsa i, we took shel-
by the Osage. ter behind a tree.
"'-hi", beard. '-nc-do", the cords that strengthen
'-ni-a-bi, Protector. Female per- the ankles; the tendon of Achilles.
sonal name. Refers to the duty '-no°-dse, to be full and satisfied
of protecting those who flee to the with food.
house of refuge. i-tha'-no°-dse, I am satisfied with
"'-i^-iio", earrings. the food.
-ni-i-zhe, gourd; a gourd dipper. i'-tha-no°-dse, you are satisfied with
o'-in-gka wa-no°-p'i°, wampum neck- the food,
lace. '-nc-hi", to be wiUing.
-ni'-ka, her man; her husband. bthe ta-te i-tha'-no^-hi" ha, I am
"-ke'-de i-ljcc-the, shoulder strap. willing to go.
. —
LA FLESCHeI OSAGE DICTIONARY 77
—
-no°-hi° continued, -shta' thi-do-zhe — continued.
ne ta-te i'-tha-no°-hi" you are i°-shta'-the ni-do-zhe, you winked at
willing to go. her.
nc-hi" a-zhi, to loath; to dislike. shta-u'-5ka, the white of the eyes.
-no°-hi° zhi, lazy. shta'-u-gtho°, eye sockets.
wa-gthi" bi a, he is
i'-no"-hi''-zhi -shta' u-sha-be, the dark of the
very lazy. eye; the pupil,
no"'-ho°, my mother. -shta' u-thi-ho°-ho°, fiies-around-
no °' -the, to put upon the ground. the-eyes: a gnat.
(From a ritual.) shta' u-thi-k'e, to drop anything
i-no^-a'-the, I put (it) on the ground. into the eye, as an eyewash.
i-no"'-tha-the, you put (it) on the -shta' u-ts'u-xe, drowsy; lethargic;
ground. sleepiness.
no °' -the, dispersed the clouds. i"-shta' o°-ts'u-xe, my eyes are
no"'-zhi°, with the close of the words sleepy.
(of the pelican) he arose. (From i°-shta' thi-ts'u-xe, your eyes are
a ritual.) sleepy.
° pe-dse u-dse-the — i'", stone; pe- shta'-u-xta-da, snow-blindness,
dse, fire; u-dse-the, put fire into: shta' wa-ko°-da-gi, eye doctor;
a fireplace. oculist.
pe'-dse u-dse-the wi° o°-ga-thi° bi-a, -shta' wa-lio°-da-gi a-ka, the eye
we have a fireplace in our house. doctor (oculist).
'-pe-ga-5ta, a stone war club. -shta' wa-ko°-da-gi wi° to°-be, I
-shta' (Om. same), eye; eyes. went to an oculist.
i°-shta' ni o°-wo°-gi-pi, my eyes are -shta' wa-ko°-da-gi wi° shto°-be
full of tears. Used in rituals as shi, you went to an oculist,
an expression for "his eyes." -shta' xi-dse — i°-shta, eyes; xi-dse,
-shta'-bthi, tears. dim: dim eyes — blind,
-shta' ga-btha, to open the eyes. i^-shta' o°-xi-dse, my eyes are dim.
i°shta' a-btha, I open my eyes. i°-shta' thi-xi-dse, your eyes are dim.
i°-shta' tha-btha, you open your -shta'-xi°, yellow eyes, a white man.
eyes. -shta'-xi° ga-kiu, white man's mel-
-shta'ha (Om. same), skin of the eye. on; a cantaloupe,
-shta'-hi°, eyebrows. i^-shta'-xi" ga-kiu tha-tse o°-tha
i°-shta'-hi° o°-xe-be, my eyebrows gthi°, I like cantaloupe.
are thin. -8hta'-xi° da-da-ge, the white man's
'-shta'-m.o°-5e. Flashing-eyes. Per- grasshopper. This refers to the
sonal name. Refers to the flash- red-winged grasshopper that is
ing eyes of the black bear. believed to have been introduced

-shta'ni-e, sore eyes. by the white people. It makes a
i°-shta' o°-ni-e, my eyes are sore. crackling noise as it flies up and
i°-shta' thi-ni-e, your eyes are sore. down in the air.
-shta' ni o°-wo°-gi-pi, my eyes are "'
shto°-ga, soft stone; sandstone.
full of water. (See i'°'-ko°-ko°-tha.)
-shta' no"-xo-xe hi°, eyebrows. "'tha-gthi", stone (describing the
-shta' -pe-dse, Fire-eyes. Personal kind of an object, as a stone pitcher
name. or stone vessel)
-shta'-sha-be, Dark-ejês. Person- 'to°, now changed to white; the
al name. snowy owl.
-shta'-the-dse, corner of the eye. "'
to°-ga, big rock,
-shta' thi-do-zhe, to wink; to i'n' to°-ga wi° a-a-gthi° mi°-kshe,
nictitate. I sat on a big rock,

i°-shta' e-bthi-do-zhe, I winked at "'-tse-xe —
i'°, stone; tse-xe, pot
her. stone pot: jug.
—
i'"'tsi, a stone house. I'-shka-da-bi, Playful. Personal

i'°' tei wi" u-tha'-gthi"
gtho°'-the name. Refers to the sport
ni-ke ha, you live in a stone house. afforded the hunter by a herd of
i"'-t80'', modern; new. buffalo.
i'° u-gthi" tsi — i'°, stone; u-gthi°, sit i'-8hno°-8hno° the, tripping as he
in; house sit-in-stone-bath-
tsi, — hastens.
house: sweat bath house; a
a i'-shpa-ho", you know.
A special little house
sudatory. she-the e-be te i'-shpa-ho" a(?) do
is set up for this kind of a bath; it you know who that is?
is well covered with robes and in i'shtse wa-the, shameful.
the center of it are placed red-hot I-spa'-tho, the Osage word for Span-
stones; all openings are closed and ish.
the sweating begins. i'-stsi-8h.o°-ha, you go around,
i'"'-u-stse-ge, a crack in stones or i'-stu-ge, on the right hand or side,
rocks; a crevice, i-ta', his or hers.
xtha-gka a-ka i'n u-stse tse tsi u-i bi i-â'-bi, the things that are theirs.
a, the flower grew in a crevice, i-ta-ho°, brother-in-law; his sister's
i'^'u-xta wi°, a precious stone. husband; his father's sister or his
i'°'-u-xta we'-thi-wi" no° bi a, he wife's brother,
sells precious stones, i'-ta i shki do°, they may belong.
i'^'wa-ho-staa zhi°-ga wi° a-bthi", A ritual expression.
I have a tiny stone, i-â'-ki-the, preemption.
i^'-we-ga-to", the under stone of the i'-ta-t;a, beyond the river,
two used in pounding corn. i-ta'-xa, topmost branches of a tree,
i'°'-we-tsi, the upper and smaller or of a stream.
stone used in pounding corn. wa-zhi°'-ga a-ka xtha-be i'-ta-xe tse
i°'-xe shto°-ga, soft stone. a-i-tho° bi a, the bird is on the
i'°'-zhi°-ga, little stones; gravel; coarse topmost branch,
sand. i-ta'-xe, the tip or top of an object.
i"'-zhu-5ka, stone; rock; or bowlder. i-ta'-xe-thi°-ge — i-ta-xe, top; thi°-ge,
—
i'"'zhu-dse i'", stone; fhu-dse, red none: no-top — seven spot in play-
redstone; name applied to a col- ing cards.
ored granite. topmost branches,
i-%a,'-xe tse,
i'°'-zhu-d8e i-^si, brick house. i-tha'-a-pe, I wait for some one.
i'°'-zhu-dse tsi wi» u-wa-gthi° ha, I i-tha'-ba-QU, to point at with the
dwell in a brick house. finger,
i'-pi-tha, belt; sash; girdle, ni-ka'-shi-ga to° a-ba-gu a-zhi ga ha,
i'-pi-zhi, distress; to languish, you must not point at the man.
i'-pshe, to pass b}' a certain way or i-tha'-ba-ts'u, to brace or support
place, that which is liable to fall,
i'-sdo-ge, the right side; the right xtha-be' tse zho°-ke i-tha-pa-ts'u, I
hand; the right arm. braced the tree,
to°-wo° i'-sdo-ge a-ta thi sho", the no '''-5a a-shpa-ts'u ha, .you braced
village on the right. the fence,
i'-she, abundant. i-tha'-di o°-gi-the â bi a-tha, we
Ijo°-dse ke i'-she, the plums are shall make him to be our father.
abundant, (From a ritual.)
i-shi'-k'e, a woman's brother-in-law; i-tha'-dsi (Om. same), his or her
her sister's husband or her hus- father,
band's brother. i-tha-dsi a-ka hiu-he-ga bi a, his
i-shi'-ko", a woman's sister-in-law; father is ill.
her brother's wife or her husband's i-tha'-dsi i-e u-gi-pa a-ka o, he

sister. obeyed his father's words.
i-tha'-ga-5ko°-the, I have made them i'thi-gki-gki, tangled; snarled.

to sj^mbolize (from a ritual); (2) pa-xi°' tho° o^-tho"' thi-gki-gki, my
I have likened myself to (from a hair is tangled.
ritual). i'-thi-5po°, scales for weighing.
i'-tha-gtha-no° ta ki° do, you will i'-thi-do°, to pull with a rope, cord,
hurt yourself. or strap.
i-tha'-ki-tho°-ba, coupled with the i'-bthi-do°, I pulled with a rope.
cedar. (From a ritual.) i'-ni-do°, you pulled with a rope.
I-tha'-no°-5a, Head-them-oflF. Per- o°-tho°'-thi-do° i, we pulled with a
sonal name. Refers to the eflfort rope.
of the hunter to prevent the we'-thi° ke thi-do^bi a, the rope is
buffalo escaping. pulled taut.

i-tha'-no°-§e, obstruction. i'-thi-gtho°, to think; to consider;
i-tha'-pe, to wait for some one. to study; to contemplate. {See a'-
i-tha'-a-pe, I wait for some one. i-the.)
i-tha'-tha-pe, you wait for some one. hi°-da i'-bthi-gtho" te ha, let me
o°-tho°-a-gi-pa i, we wait for some think.
one. a'-wa-bthi-gtho°, I consider.
i-tha'-tha-ge, feathers of an arrow, a'-wa-shti-gtho°, you consider.
i'-tha-tse, to eat one thing with an- o°-tho°'-thi-gtho° i, we consider.
other, i'-thi-gtho°, slowly, or at a slow pace.
i-tha'-btha-tse, I eat one thing with i'-thi-gtho° thi°-ge, reckless; reck-
another, lessness.
i-tha'-na-tse, you eat one thing with i'-thi-gtho° thi°-ge pa-xe, I am reck-
another, less.
i'-the, live to see. Term used in i-thi'-gtho° thi°-ge shka-xe, you are
ceremonial ritual, reckless.
i'-the, to discover. i'-thi-gtho° thi°-ge i-e, offhand; said
i-tha'-the, I discovered, without preparation.
i'-tha-the, you discovered. i'-thi-gtho° thi-shto°, to decide; to
o°-tho°'-tha i, we discover. reach a decision.
i-tha'-thi-5o°-dse (Om. same), to i'-bthi-gtho° bthi-shto° ha bthe ta-te,
hold firm, as by means of a vise. I have decided to go.
i-tha'-thi°, to have or keep a thing i'-ni-gtho° ha shne ta-te,
ni-shto°
for another. you have decided to go.
i-tha'-bthi°, I kept it for him. i'-thi-hi-dse, to overcome the foe (by
i-tha'-ni, you kept it for him. sorcery). (From a ritual.)
i-tha'-thi°-the, to take a thing back i'-thi-sha-wi°, they shall tie up as
to the owner, with cords. (From a ritual.)
lâ'-wa to° i-tha-bthi°-bthe ha, I took
i'-thi-sh'e-do", profusely adorned,
his horse back to him.
i'-gi-thi-shki, to wash for some one.
i-tha'-thu-ge, to take into, as into a
i'-the-bthi-shki ta mi°-ke he, I shall
snare,
wash for him.
i-tha'-thu-ge, to bring with their
i'-thi-shno°, odd one in number (7).
strength. A ritual expression.
i'-thi-8ho°-ha, to detour; to go
i'-the, to see; to find; to discern,
i-tha'-the, I discern,
around.
i'-bthi-sho° ha, I go around.
i'-tha-the, you discern.
o°-tho°'-tha i, we discern, i'-sti-sho° ha, you go around.
i-the', he has gone, o°-tho°'-thi-sho° we go around.
i,
i'-the-dse, corners of the mouth, i'-thi-sho" thi°-ge, noway out of it.

i'-the-dse bi-xo", the folds or wrin- i-thi-8hto°, has already become one
kles at the side of the mouth. and has passed into the spirit
i'-thi-bi-5e, you are thirsty. world. (From a ritual.)

i'-thi xo-ba zhi, you did not lie (un- i'-to"-wo"-gtho'', the one for whom
truth). the village is founded.
i'-thi xo-be a-tha, you perjured your- r-to"-wo°-gtho"-bi, One-for-whom-
self; you have spoken mysteriously. villages-are-built. Female person-
i'-tho"-be, to appear; come into sight, al name.
mi a-ka i'-tho°-ba bi a, the sun i'-ts'a, causes of death.
has appeared. i-^s'a-ge zhi°-ga, little old man. My
i'-tho"-bi-o'', a second time. sister-in-law's father.
i-thc'-bo", a second time; again. i'-ts'a-the, rare; unusual.
we'-tho°-ba o^-shi a -wa-btha-ge ha, i-tse-a'-the i° da, I have made them
I told him a second time. to stand for; to symbolize.
i-tho"'-gi-the, to put one's own things i-tse'-tha, where he placed them.
away. i-tse'-the, to place with some one for
i-tho°'-a-gi-the, I put my things safe-keeping,
away. i-tse-a'-the, I place away,
i-tho°'-tha-gi-the, you put your i-tse'-tha-the, you placed away.
things away, i-tse-o°'-tha i, we placed away.
i'-tho^-o^-gi-tha i, we put our things i'-^se-the, with which to kill.
away. i-^si'-a-ta, to place a gun or quiver of
i-tho"'-tha-ha, time to come; the bows and arrows between the legs
future. while resting.
i-tho°'-the, to put something away i-^si'-go, grandfather.
that is round. i-tsi'-mi, aunt, his or her father's
i-tho"' tho", repeatedly. sister.
i'-tho°-xe, to ask a question; to ques- i'-tsi°, club (hatchet). This article is
tion, not a club but a hatchet, a sub-
shi^-to-zhin-ga the i'-btho^-xe ha, I stitute that has a history. It is
questioned the boy. the original weapon of the Tsi'-zhu
i'-shto^-xe a(?) did you que tion division, the story of which is
him? recounted in a wi-gi-e given by
i'-thu-to", in a straight line, or to cut Xu-tha'-wa-to°-i°. After the
across. Osage came incontact with the
i'-thu-ts'a-ga, fail to obtain. white man their ancient club seems
i-to°, whence. (See e-dsi'-to".) to have been superseded by a more
i'-to°, the horned owl. The horned effective weapon, the so-called
owl figures in the tribal war rites battle-ax. (For wi-gi-e see back
of the Osage as a symbol. of book.)
i'-to°-ei-hi, the yellow owl. i-t8i°'-do, her elder brother. Ritual
i'-tc-gka, the snowy owl. term.
i-'tc'de, son-in-law. i'-tsi" ki-no° kshi-the. Decorating of
i-to"'dse, son-in-law. the Club. These songs, fiye in
i-to°'-'e zhi°-ga, his or her younger number, immediately follow the
sister. rain songs, and have to do with
i-to"'-ge, his elder sister. the symbol of indestructible Hfe:
i_ô"'-thi°-a-ta, to the front. the first is the request to decorate
i-tc'-thi" ki-the, to go first; to go the club; the second refers to the
ahead. sacred emblems put upon the
i-to"-thi'' Iji-the bthe, I go ahead. mystic club. These two songs
i-to°'-thi° Iji-the moo-thi° o, you go have a subtitle i'-tsi° ki-]j;'o''.
ahead. The Act of Decorating the Club.

i'-to°-thi"-thi"-ga-ga, running, then The third and fourth songs of this
stopping, then running again as he group have a subtitle ]\Io°- i°-l!:a
hastens. (From a ritual.) Wa-tho", Songs of Strik-
i-ga-xthi
i'-tsi" ki-no" kshi-the — continued, i-u'-p'u-tho°, vapor issuing from the
ing the Earth. The first of these mouth of a deer or any other
refers to the mark made on the animal,
earth directly under the zenith; in i-u'-tha-bthc-ge, to crunch or to
the second song of this last group crush within the mouth, between
the club is brought down to the the teeth.
earth with a thud, striking at the i'-u-tha-mo°-5e, rolled it in their
spot made beneath the zenith, mouths.
repeating this several times as he
i'-u-tha-zhu-zhu, they thrust in their
sings, then describes a mystic
mouths,
path from the sky to the earth,
i-u'-thu-ga, cavity; or roof of the
thus giving a symbolic expression
mouth,
of unity between sky and earth.
i-tsi'-ni, daughter-in-law.
i-u'-wa-pa, bitter to taste,
i-tsi"-ke, a mythical person appearing
i-u'-wa-ts'u-xe, astringent to the
taste.
in story among
the Osage, Omaha,
iu'-zhe (Om. same), urethra.
Ponca, and other Siouxan tribes.
i'-tsi-c-gka, legging straps. I'-wa bi, April; moon of the planting.
i-tsi'-wa-shko°, groin. i-wa-bi°' a-gi-no°-zhi°, stepping in
i-tsi'-zho", niece; daughter of a sister the blood that issues from the
or a father's sister. mouth of the animal. (Mythical.)
new.
i'-fcso°-ga, recent; very r-wa-shko°, Dependable. Personal
i-^su'-shka, nephew; son of a sister name,
or a father's sister. i'-wa-tsi, songs to which the people
i-tsu'-shpa, to issue; to bring forth. dance,
i-tsu'-shpa, his or her grandchild. i'-xa, to laugh; to titter,
i-tsu'-zho°-ge, a niece; her brother's i-tha'-xa, I laugh,
daughter. i'-tha-xa, you laugh,
i'-u, to wound with an arrow or other
i'-xa-e-wa-the, humorous; ludicrous,
weapon, i'-xa-e-wa-tha bi a ni'-ka-shi-ga, he
a-u, I wound, is very humorous.
tha-u, you wound. i'-xa i-ga-gki, a hearty laugh; a laugh
i-u'-gtha-kshi°, to moisten the fingers
that makes the sides ache.
in the mouth.
i'-xa-shto°, flirt.
i'-u-dae, at the base of. A ritual ni'-ka-shi-ga she i-xa-shto" bi a, he
term.
is a flirt,
I-u-dse'-ta, Dwellers below. This
i'-xa-shto" shni ha, you are a flirt.
was the name of a group of Osage
i-xa'-xa, to ridicule.
Indians who fled when the banks
ni'-ka-shi-ga wa-we'-xa-xa the i-tha'-
of a river (Mississippi) overflowed
and then pitched their camp at the qi, I do not like to ridicule the
foot of the hill.

man.
Their identity
is lost,
i'-xa zhi"-ga, a grin; a smile.
lu-dse' thi^-ge, river or creek having i'-xo-be, to fib; to tell a falsehood;
no mouth. to perjure one's self,
i-u'-gthe, to put a stick or pipestem o^-tho"' xo-ba mo^-zhi, '

I did not
in the mouth, perjure myself,
i-u'-wa-gthe, I put a pipestem in my i-thi-xo-be, you perjured.
mouth, —
i'-xo-be shto° i'-xo-be, lying, false-
i-u'-tha-gthe,you put a pipestem in hood; shto", habitually habitu- —
your mouth. ally lying: a liar,
i-u'-o°'-gu-gtha i, we put a pipestem ni'-ka-shi-ga i-xo-be shto" the i-tha'-
in our mouth. gi ha, I hate a liar.
82 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BDLL. 109
i'-xta, to abuse or maltreat, i-zhi^'-the, his elder brother (brother

i-tha'-xta, I abuse, older than himself),
i'-tha-xta, you abuse, i-zhc'-ge, his or her daughter.
i'-xthi-tu, to expectorate, i-zho"'-the, her elder sister.
i'-xthi a-tu, I expectorate, i'-zhc-zho", to change the place of

i'-xthi tha-tu, you expectorate, rest repeatedly,
i'-xthi, saliva, i'-zhu-shi, refusal.
i'-xthi-u-tu, cuspidor, i'-zhu-shi, to object; to deny; to
i'-xthi-wa-the zhi^-ga — i'-xthi, sore forbid; (2) to protest,
mouth; wa-the, causes; zhi°-ga, i-tha'-zhu-shi ha, I protest,
humming bird,
little: i'-tha-zhu-shi ha, you protest,
i'-zhe-mc-ô"— i-zhe, passage; mo"- o^-thc'-zhu-zhi i, we protest.
ô", medicine: a laxative. i'-zhu-zhu-ba, with rapid strides^
i-zhi"'-ge, his or her son.
K
ls:'a'-be, serrature. ka'-wa-ho-ô", the neighing or the
^'a-lj'a-be (Om. same), serrated, hav- whinnying of a horse,
ing teeth like a saw or the edge of â'-wa-i-ga-pshe, currycomb.
an elm leaf. lia'-wa-i-ga-pshe wi" o^-thi" gi o,
Ija-mo"', the sound produced by the bring me

a currycomb.
striking of a bell. ka'-wa i-î-ka-wi" a-gi-the, I traded
a long time; long ago.
l{:a'-shi, off my horse.
Ka'thu-wa, the Osage name for the â'-wa i-ti-ka-wi° ga-xe^lj;a-wa,
Kiowa Tribe. horse; i-lji-ka-wi°, exchange; ga-xe,
lâ'-wa, horse; nag; pony. This word make — make-exchange-horses : re-
is a corruption of the Spanish lay,
word for horse, caballo. ka'-wa i-ki-lja-wi" pa-xe, I relayed,
ka'-wa a-ba wa-ba'-hi bi o,the horses ta'-wa i-î-Va-wi" shka-xe, you re-
are grazing. layed.
ka'-wa-a-gthi", to ride horseback, lj:a'-wa i-î-ka-wi" o^-ga-xa i, we
ka'-wa a-a-gthi", I ride horseback. relayed.
lj;a'-wa a-tha-gthi°, you ride horse- ka'-wa i-ki-]fa-wi° tha-gi-the, you
back, traded off your horse,
ta'-wa o°-ga-gthi° i, we ride horse- ka'-wa i°-gthe, horse dung; manure.
back. Ka'-wa i°-gtho°-ga-xthi-bi, creek
ka'-wa a-gthi-xu-e, I led my horse. where a horse was struck by light-
ka'-wa a-ka wa-^s'e-ga bi a, the ning. Branch of Caney River,
horse is gentle. Okla.
â'-wa a-wa-gi-o°-btha i" da, I ka'-wa mi-ga, a mare.
abandoned my horses. ka'-wa niu-ga zhi", to water a horse,
Ka'-wa- 5i, Yellow horse. Personal or to drive a horse to water,
name. â'-wa ni u-ga-zhi" bthe, I go to drive
ka'-wa-gi-ha, hoof of a horse. horses to water.
]}:a'-wa gi^-dse, a horse's tail. ]â'-wa ni u-ga-zhi" stse, you go to
â'-wa do-ga, stallion. drive horses to water,
lâ'-wa dsu-ba wa-bthi", I have a â'-wa nc-xe-ska zhi, a spirited
few horses. horse.
Ka'-wa gtho° ga-xthi bi, Lightning â'-wa c-tha i-the-the, to be thrown
Creek, a tributary to the Neosho by a horse.
River; its meaning is horse killed Va'-wa a-ka o^-o^-tha i-the-tha bi a,
by lightning. (From Father Shoe- the horse threw me.
maker's ms.) Ifa'-wa a-ka c-tha i-the-tha bi a, the
lj:a'-wa hiu bi a, many horses. horse threw him.
—
ka'-wa pa-xi", a horse's mane. ka'-wa wi"a-^'i, I gave a horse to him.

ka'-wa pe-tho^-ba wa-bthi" ha, I ka'-wa wi" ô°-bth.a, I want a horse.
have seven horses. ka'-wa wi" pa-the, I gave away a
ka'-wa 8ho°-dse thi°-ge, gelding. horse.
ka'-wa thi-ta e-a'-wa-khse, I meant ka'-wa wi° shka-the, you donated a
your horse. horse.
ka'-wa thi-thi°-ge, you have no horse. ka'-wa wi° 8hk:o°-shda, you want a
lj:a'-wa to° bthi-wa-shta-ge, I tamed horse.
the horse. ka'-wa wi" tha-k'i, you gave a horse
ka'-wa to° i-tha'-gi-the, I found my to him.
horse. ka'-wa wi-â e-go° xtsi i" da, it is
â'-wa to° i'-tha-gi-the, you found very like my horse.
your horse. Ka'-wa-xo-dse, Roan-horse. Personal

name.
ka'-wa to" i-tha'-the, I see the horse.
you see the ka'-wa-xo-dse, a roan horse.
lâ'-wa-to" i'-tha-the,
horse.
—
ka'-wa zhi°-ga ka'-wa, horse; zhi°-
ga, little: little horse; a colt; a pony.
ka'-wa to" no°-a-pe, I fear the horse.
ka'-wa zhi°-ga a-a-gi-gthi", I ride
Ija'-wa to" no°-tha-pe, you fear the
my pony,
horse,
ka-wa zhi°-ga a-tha-gi-gthi°, you
ka'-wa \o° u-wa-ga-shke, I tied the
your pony.
ride
horse.
Ka'-wa-zhi°-ga, name given to the
Ija'-wa to° u-tha-ga-shke, you tied town of Bartlesville, Kans., by the
the horse. Osage.
ka'-wa tsi —
ka'-wa, horse; tsi, house ka'-wa-zhi°-ga, little horse. Chil-
horse-house: barn. dren pull the plant up by the roots
Ija-wa tsi tse u-wa-gtho° ha ka'-wa and play horse with it; hence its
to", I put the horse in the barn, name.
ka'-wa u-he-ga-zhi, a wild and k'a'-xe, the sound of scraping china
spirited horse, dishes.
ka'-wa u-ga-shke-gtho", to hitch or ka'-xe (Om. same), crow. To the
tether a horse. Osage the crow is a mysterious
Ija'-wa u-ga-shke-a-gtho°, I hitched bird. He figures prominently in
or tethered a horse, the tribal rites as a symbol. He
ka'-wa u-ga-shke tha-gtho°, you is regarded as a very wise bird.
hitched or tethered a horse. When he sees a large body of men
ka'-wa u-no°-zhi°, a horse stall. marching over the prairies he
Ipa'-wa u-â-ga-zhi, it is an ugly knows that there will be a fight
horse. and follows, because there is a
ka'-wa u-tha-gi-dse, you are hunting promise of a feast for him. He is
for your horse. always first to appear on the de-
ka'-wa u-thu-ga-shke — Ija-wa, horse; serted battlefield. He follows the
u-thu-ga-shke, to tether or fasten great herds of buffalo to feed upon
to: a picket, those that die. The hunter knows
ka'-wa u-wa-gi-dse, lam hunting for where to find a herd, because he
my horse. sees the crows flying over. This is
lâ'-wa wa-ô°-da-gi, a horse doctor; also the name given a belt (sym-
a veterinarian. bolic) worn by members of the
ka'-wa wa-nc'-bthe, horse feed, He-thu'-shka Society who have
ka'-wa wa-no°-bthe u-we, oat field, won military honors. In this
ka'-wa wa-tse-xi, a wild horse; an symbolic badge are represented the
unruly horse. crow, the eagle, the wolf, as the
ka'-wa-we-ki-gthi° — ka'-wa, horse; birds and animals that feed upon
we-ki-gthi", apparel — horse appar- the bodies of the warriors slain in
el: harness. battle.
84 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull, inn
ka'-xe ho-tô", the cry of a crow; a kchi'-o°-5e, to teach another; to in-

croak. struct.
ka'-xe mi-gtho", crow belt. For ref- Ka'-zhi^-ga mo°-thi-do° a-kchi-mo°-
erence and symbolic use see Ija'-xe 56 a-tho, I taught Ka-zhi°-ga to
(crow). draw the bow.
Ka'-xe-tho°-ba, Two-crows. Personal Ka'-zhi°-ga mo^-thi-do" tha-kchi-o°-5e
name. Refers to the feathers used a-tho,you taught !K:a'-zhi°-ga to
in making the staff of authority draw the bow.
in buffalo hunting. kchi'-xe, to make something for an-
ka'-xe ô^-ga, big crow; a raven. other,
Ka'-xe wa-hu-ga, youngest brother. i'-no" ho°-be o°-kchi-xe o, mother
A subgens of the Mi-!ê' the-stse- make me moccasins.
dse gens; acts as sho'-â for both ke', turtle; tortoise; terrapin.
itself and the gens. k'S) to dig.
ka'-xe wa-o°-the, large intestines of do Ye bthe i° do, I go to dig potatoes,
the buffalo, a butchering term; a-lj'e, I dig.
one of the entrails of a cow. tha-k'e', you dig.
Ka'-xe Wa-tho", the Crow songs. In o"-k'a i, we dig.
these songs the rallying of the ke-si°'-dse ga-tse, snapping turtle.
people is dramatized to go and This figures as a symbol in the
chastise their foe. The two songs Osage rites.
of this group are addressed to the ke da' -pa zhi^-ga, little round turtle.
crows by the symbolic men who ke'-da-xe, shadow.
symbolically act as the protector lê'-da-xe wi° no°-pa bi a shi°-to
of the tribal life. zhi°-ga a-ka, the boy was afraid
Ka'-xe Wa-tho", Crow songs. This of the shadow.
group of two songs picture the ke'-da-xe wi° pa-xe, I cast a shadow.
crow flying by couples toward the Ije'-da-xe wi° shka-xe, you cast a
battlefield to feast upon the bodies shadow,
of the slain warriors; they fittingly ke'-da-xe wi° o°-ga-xa i, we cast a
follow the Sho"'-ge Wa-tho° (Wolf shadow,
song). The first of these songs —
ke'-da-xe-shko" ke-da-xe, shadows or
has one stanza of six lines. The shadow; shko°, moving: moving
second is similar to the first in pictures,
words but unlike in rhythm and ê'-da-xe shko° wo°-ga-ba-no" o°-ga-
music, the first being slow time, the te ha, let us go to a moving
the second fast time and gleeful picture.
in expression. ke-gthe'-5e, box turtle —ke, turtle;
Ka'-xe Wa-th.o°, Crow songs. These gthe'-ge, striped.
songs are of the Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta- Ke'k'i", Carrier-of-the-turtle. The
ge version. They are, however, name of a gens.
used by the various gentes, each ke-mo"-ge u-bi-tho"-dse, narrow-
having a sHght difference. chested turtle.
ka'-zlii°-ga, the third son (special kin- ke-mo°'-ge zhu-dse, red-breasted tur-
ship term). tle. The red-breasted turtle fig-
l<:a'-zhi°-ga a-ka wa-e ni-â-shi-ga bi gures as a symbol in the Osage
a, my third son is a farmer. rites.
ka'-zhi°-ga a-ka i^-dse gthu-zha bi Ke-no°'-xu-xe, Cracks-the-turtle-
a, little brother washed his face. with-his-foot.Personal name. -
chi'-o°-5e, to teach; to instruct. ke'-pa, diamond in a deck of cards,
a-kchi'-o°-5e, I teach, ke'-pa i-tha-ki-de, I played a dia-
tha-kchi'-to^-ge, you teach. mond.
.
LA FLESCHE OSAGE DICTIONARY 85
ke'-pa —
continued. ki-gto'-i-e, to declaim; an oration; a
ke'-pa wi° a-ni-a-zhi a-do°, did you formal speech at a council,
have a diamond? ki-gtu'tsi, council house; council house
ke-shto°'-ga, soft-shelled turtle. at the agency.
ke'-tha, the sky; the unclouded or Ki-§tu' u-ino°-thi°, a member of the
clear sky. United States Congress; a Senator
Ke'-tha-ino°-i°, Clear-day-approach- or Representative.
ing. Personal name. Refers to ki-§tu' wa-gthe-ge-ga-xe, secretary
the clearing of the sky after a of a council.
storm. ki'-e-do-ba, eight; the archaic word
ke'-thi°-ke gth.o° the o, a very large for eight is pe-tha-bthi° (Om.
terrapin. same)
ke'-to°-ga. {See ke-gi^'-dse ga-tse.) ki'-e-do-ba a-zhi — ki-e-do-ba, eight;
ke-u'-g'the e-go° (Psoralda), a weed, a-zhi, scattered about: eight spot
the pods of which are shaped like (in playing cards).
the bean. ki'-e-do-bi-o°, eight times,
ke-u'-gthe hi (Baptisia), a perennial ki-gtha'-gi (Om. same), to stretch
herb of the bean family used by one's self,
the Osage for eyewash. a-ki'-gtha-gi, I stretch myself,

ke'-xtha-tse, war club. tha-ki'-gtha-gi, you stretch yourself.
]hd, to reach home, ki-gtha'-zhc-zho", a horse shaking
a-y, I reached home, itself after rolling on the ground,
tha-ljî', you reached home. ki-gthe', he has passed by going home-
o°-ga'-k'i i, we reached home. ward.
ki, down upon the ground (figuratively ki-gthi'-dc-do", pulling himself re-
for vanquished). peatedly.
k'i, to give; to present to another, ki-gthi'-dsi"-gthe. (*Seetsi' hi-gthi°.)
a-k'i', I give, ki-gthi'-e-zhi, to disguise one's self;
tha-k'i', you give, to be incognito,
o^-k'i' i, we give. a-ki'-gthi-e-zhi, I disguised myself,
ki-a'-hi-hi-tha, disturbance; excite- tha-ki'-gthi e-zhi, you disguised your-
ment. self.
kia'-hi-hi the, flying hither and o°-ki'-gthi e-zhi i, we disguised our-

thither in swarms. selves.
ki-a'-hi tha-tha, in a bounding mo- ki-gthi'-gtho°, to mate; to court,
tion. ki-gthi'-k'i-tha, an irritation of the
ki'-ba-no°, to run a race. skin; to itch; a desire to scratch,
a-ki'-ba-no°, I run a race, a-ki'-gthi-k'i-tha, I itch,
tha-ki'-ba-no", you ran a race. tha-ki'-gthi-k'i-tha, you itch.
o"-ki'-ba-no° i, we ran a race. o°-ki'-gthi-k'i-tha i, we itch.
ki'-ba-xtha, to go to one approaching ki-gthi'-k'i-tha, hives; shingles.
from the opposite direction. ki-gthi'-k'i-tha, mange.
ki-5da', leech. The leech figures promi- sho°'-ge thi-ta a-ka ki-gthi'-k'i-tha
nently in the Osage rites and the 0° bi a, your dog has the mange,
origin myths. ki-gthi'-sha, to disrobe; to undress;
ki-Qo°', some; as some water, some to remove one's clothes,
bread. a-ki'-gthi-sha, I undressed,
ki-5o° ki-gthi-dsi-ge, the withdrawal tha-ki'-gthi-sha, you undressed.
of some of the people from the o°-ki'-gthi-sha we undressed.
i,
tribe; a separation. ki-gthi'-shko°, to move.

ki-gta'-ka, kingfisher. a-ki'-gthi-shko°, I move.
ki-5to', same as ki-gthi'-thi-gki. tha-ki'-gthi-shko°, you move.
ki-sto', a council; an assemblage; a o°-ki'-gthi-shko° i, we move,
meeting; United States Congress, ki-gthi' thi-gki, to convene or to
the Senate; a court; a session. assemble.
ki-gthi'-wa-xpa-thi", to impoverish î'-i-he-the, to put down a long

one's self, object, as a man or a log.
a-ti'-gthi wa-xpa-thi°, I impover- ti'-i-he gi-the, he put down his gun.
ished myself. ki' i-no°-the, to put down to rest.
tha-lf;i'-gthi wa-xpa-thi°, you impov- Ifi' i-no^-a-the, I put it down to rest.
erished yourself. lj;i' i-no^-tha-the, you put it down to
o''-l>;i-gthi-wa-xpa-thi° i, we are im- rest.

poverished. Iji' i-no°-o"-tha i, we put it down to
ki-gthi'-wi°-do°, to unite and become rest,
as one; to resume friendly rela- ki'-i-tse-the, to put down a thing that
tions. (Scelci-wi^-do".) can stand, as a filled bag, a pole, or
ki-gthi'-xo-be, reciprocate, a gun.
ki-gthi'-xu-e, to move to make room ki'-i-tse-a-the, I put it down,
for another, ki'-i-tse-tha-the, you put it down.
a-lji'-gthi-xu-e, I moved to make Ijii'-i-tse-o^-tha i, we put it down.
room, Ki-ka'-xe I-ki-tsi" Wa-tho", Songs
tha-lji'-gthi-xu-e, you moved to make of Striking One against the Other.
room. This is an act which is symbolic
C-ki'-gthi-xu-a i, we moved to make and refers to the striking of the
room, scalp wound around the Wa-xo'-be
ki-gthi'-zha, to wash one's self. (sacred hawk) with the war club,
a-lj;i'-gthi-zha, I wash myself, ki-ki^-da-ge, strife, or a fight,
tha-ti'-gthi-zha, you wash yourself, ki-ki'-zhi", to disagree; to quarrel;
o^-ki'-gthi-zha i, we wash ourselves. division; discord.
ki-gthc'-ge, intermarrying into an- ki-ki'-zhi°, each has a grudge against
other tribe, the other.
ki-gthc'-xe, to practice magic upon ki-ko°'-5e, the act of religious devo-
each other. tion.
ki-gtho°'-xe u-mo°, the bee. ki'-ko^-tC-ga, long-billed curlew.
ki-gthc'-xe-u-mo" zho° ni, the This bird clears away the sky with
honey bee. The honey made by the magical powers of its voice,
the wild bee is used by both the ki'-û, a feast.
Osage and the Omaha for food. lj;i'-lj;u bthe, I go to a feast,
ki-gthu'-ni-lja, the swallow. ki'-tu stse, you go to a feast,

ki-gthu'-5e, to retreat before an ki'-lû o°-ga-tha i, we go to a feast.
enemy; to withdraw, ki'-m.o''-ho°, to face the wind; against
a-lî'-gthu-ge, I withdraw, the wind, current or upstream;
tha-lfi'-gthu-ge, you withdraw, windward,
o ''-lj:i-gthu-5a i, we withdraw, ki'-mo^-ho" bthe ha, I go facing the
ki-gthu'-ni-ka-ka, there is some wind.
doubt, but it is generally believed ki'-mo°-ho° stse ha, you go facing
to be the Osage for the buzzard. the wind.
Used as a symbol, î'-mo°-ho" o^-ga-tha i, we go facing
ki-gthu'-zha, to wash one's self. the wind.
a-Vi'-gthu-zha, I wash myself, Ki'-mC-ho", Against-the-wind. Per-
tha-ki'-gthu-zha, you wash yourself. sonal name. Refers to the habit
o"-lj:i'-gthu-zha i, we wash ourselves. of the elk facing the wind.
Iji-hi^'-xa, vain; vanity; self-impor- ki'-ino''-ho°-pa-gthe, to sleep with
tance; (2) to brag; to boast; to the head toward the wind.
vaunt. ki'-mc-ho" u-ga-xthe, facing the
a-lj:i'-hi°-xa, I boast, wind,
tha-î'-hi^-xa, you boast. ^'i", to carry,
o''-î'-hi"-xa i, we boast. a-^'i"', I carry.
k'i° — continued. ki-o°'-tha, to throw each other away;

tha'-^^'i"', you carry. divorce,
C-l^'i"' i, we carry. o^-ki'-o^-tha, I am divorced.
ki"'-da-ga bi the, the foe; the enemy. tha-ki'-o°-shta, you are divorced.
ki^'-da-ge i-e, a threat. ki-o-pa-the, to understand it means
ki'-no", symboHc paintings. one's self,
]î-no°'-5i-ge, to kick one another. a-ki-o-pa-the, I understand it to
When two met together the

tribes mean me.
boys of each fight one another by a-ki'-o°-pa-the, you understand it to
kicking. mean you.

Ki-nc'-do", Springs-forth. Personal o°-ki'-o-pa-tha i, we understand it
name. to mean us.

ki-pa'-do°, to push one's self along
Ki'-no° U-tha-ge, TelHng of the Sym-
as in a boat,
boUc Painting.
a-ki'-pa-do", I push myself in a boat.
Ki'-no" Wa-tho° and Wi-gi-e, Paint-
tha-ki'-pa-do°, you push yourself in
ing songs and Rituals (alternating
a boat.
four in number, refers to the four
o°-ti'-pa-do°, we push ourselves in
water insects); mythical.
a boat.
Ki'-no° Wi'-gi-e, Adornment ritual. ki-pa'-hi, to choose a man or woman
This ritual refers to the decorating
from their own number, as in a ball
of the Xo-ka and makes particular
game.
mention of the mussel from which tho°-ba wa-pa'-hi ta mi"-ke,
ni'-]j;a
the gorget that hangs from the
Ichoose two men.
Xo-lâ's breast is made. In this
wa-lj'u tho°-ba thi wa-ba-hi o, you
ritual full detail is given as to the
choose two women,
symbolic articles used in the adorn- ki-pa'-no^-nc-the, rising up and
ment. down a tangled mass.
in
Ki'-no° Wi'-gi-e, Ritual of the Sym- ki-pa'-to" bi o, he rowed himself over
boUc Painting. This refers to the
(the lake).
painting of the Xo-ka. This ritual ki-pa'-xthu-tse, to shed old skin, as
beautifully presents how the colors does a snake.
are obtained, and what are the ki-â'-ni-ga, blue jay. The blue jay
symbols of strength. figures in the Osage peace rites as
Ki'-no" Wi'-gi-e, the painting ritual the symbol of a gray sky with blue
of the No"'-ho°-zhi°-ga; belongs spots here and there which indicate
exclusively to the Tsi'-zhu Wa- the coming of a peaceful day.
no° gens. At the the
close of ki'-tha-ha, separate; apart; moving
recitation of the Ki'-no° Wi-gi-e in opposite directions; separation.
the No°'-ho°-zhi"-ga begin to paint pa'-ki-tha-ha, I pushed them apart.
themselves. The members of the shpa'-y-tha-ha, you pushed them
Tsi'-zhu Wa-no° gens paint the apart.
entire face and body red. This o°-ba'-ki-tha-ha i, we pushed them
manner of painting at the cere- apart,
mony of the Wa-sha'-be A-thi° ki'-tha-ha ga-xe, to separate a part
belongs exclusively to the members of a group of things from the
of the Tsi'-zhu Wa-no° gens; it is others; to separate a number of
commemorative of the events things from others,
given in the wi-gi-e: lii'-tha-ha pa-xe, I separated a num-
The bodies of the people of the Tsi'-zhu Seven ber of things,

fireplaces, ti'-tha-ha shka-xe, you separated
Became stridden with the red of the fire, leaving them,
no spot untouched.
ki'-tha-ha o°-ga-xa i, we separated
Ki'-o, Wounded. Personal name. them.
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [buli.. 109
ki'-tha-ha ki-the, a separation of ko-ko'-§a e-go", hke a hog; hoggish.

some of the gentes from the tribe. —
ko-ko'-5a we-gthi lj;o-ko-Qa, hog;
ki'-tha-ha-pa-hi — Iji-tha-ha, at both we-gthi, grease: lard.
ends; pa-hi, pointed, sharp: a cen- ko-ko'-Qi zhi^-ga, a young pig; a
tipede. shoat.
Iji'-tha-ha-pa-hi no"-a-wa-pe ha, I ko-ko'-5i a-ba-â, a hog fence; a sty.
am afraid of a centipede, ko-ko'-5i ta, pork; pig meat.
ki-the', enable themselves to conceal ko-ko'-gi ta o"-5u no" a-tha, I like
their trails from the gods. (From pork,
a ritual.) ko-ko'gi ta thi-fu a(?), do you like
Ki-thi'-to" Wa-tho°, The Song of pork?

Reversal. This is the title of the ko-ko'-ma, cucumbers.
third song in the series to the ô-k;o'-ma thi-gu a(?) do you like
Wa-xo-be and is sung four times; cucumbers?

each time the shrine is reversed so ha-we, ko-ko'-ma o°-qu, yes, I like
that the sacred hawk's head may cucumbers.
point to the Tsi'-zhu or toward ko-ko'-ma Qku-the — ko-ko'-ma, cu-
the Ho^'-ga side of the house, cumbers; gku-the, sweet: sweet
ki'-thi-xa, the mating of birds. (See pickles.
ki-gthi-gtho".) ko-ko'-rQa ts'a-the, pickles.
ki-'to°'-ba, or ki-t;o°-be, looked over ko", roots of trees or plants; (2) a
one's self. vein, or blood vessel,
Ki-tsa'-i, the name of an India* tribe, ko", to wish or to desire.
ki'-u, to maim; to wound, k'o°, to gamble; to bet.
a-ki-u, I am wounded, a-k'o°'bthe ha, I go to gamble.
tha-ki'-u, you are wounded, tha-k:'o° stse ha, you go to gamble.
ki-xi'-tha, to despair; to become hope- o°-k'o° o°'-ga-tha i, we are going
less; disheartened, to gamble.
a-ki'-xi-btha, I am in despair, ko°-bo'Qi-5i, a throbbing blood vessel;
tha-ki'-xi-sda, you are in despair. (2) pulsation; (3) to throb,
o°-ki'-xi-tha i, we are in despair. kc-btha'-dse, the roof of the mouth.
Ki-xi'-tha-ba-zhi, Self - confident. ko°-btha'-dse u-ba-gta-ge, pressing
Personal name. Refers to the war- the gums of the upper teeth.
like spirit of the gens. This is done by the mother of an
ki-xi'-tha-zhi, undismayed, infant, so that when it begins to
ki-zhi", to quarrel. learn to talk it would not stutter
a-ki'-zhi°, I quarrel. or lisp. The projecting of the
tha-ki'-zhi°, you quarrel, gums of the upper teeth, it is
o'^-ki-zhi" i, we quarrel, believed, interferes with clear
ko-ge', the sound produced by striking speaking,
a drum; the sound of something k'c'-sa-gi, fleet; swift; very fast.
soft and heavy faUing to the a-k'o°'-ga-gi, I am swift of foot.
ground; a thud. tha-k'o°'-ga-gi, you are swift of foot.
ko'-i-pshe, to fear, as the fear of some o"-k'o°-ga-gi i, we are swift of foot.
unseen danger; (2) misgiving; a ko°'-sa-h.a gthi", to sit side by side.
feeling of doubt, ko"'-5a-ha ino°-thi°, to walk side by
a-ko-i-pshe, I had misgivings, side.
tha-ko-i-pshe, you had misgivings, ko"'-ga-ha o°-mo°-thi° tse a-tho, let
o "-ga-l}:o-i-psha i, we had misgivings. us walk side by side.
k'o'-k'o, a commotion; a disturbance; ko°'-ga-ha zho", to lie side by side.
a violent agitation. ko"'-ga-ha o°-zho", let us lie side by
k'o-k'o'-bi, alarm; fear of an attack; side.
excitement; stirring of people in ko"-5a' shko°, simultaneous.
alarm; a tumult. Ko°'-se, Kaw Indian.
l^'o^'-Qe-gi-the, to rest, as when ko"'-ha, near to us.

weary. ko°'-ha-ha, to meander along the
lj;'o°'-gc-a-gi-the ha, I am resting. bank.
lj;'o"'-5e-tha-gi-the ha, you are rest- ni-ko"'-ha ke u-wa-pa, I meandered
ing. along the bank.
k'o°-ge C-gi-tha i, we are resting. ni-ko°'-ha ke u-tha-pa, you mean-
Ko"'-se wa-xa-bi, a Ko^'-ge Indian dered along the bank.
won a race at this place. This ni-ko"'-ha ke o"-gu-pa i, we mean-
was the site of the third camp of dered along the bank,
the first buffalo trail. ko"' -ha-ha kshe, the vicinity; neigh-
ko"'-5i, tacks; brass tacks; small nails. borhood; surroundings.
ko°'-dse, plums. ko"'-ha-ha-kshe ni'-ka-shi-ga do°-ha
ko^'-dse-btha-tse mi-kshe o, I am bi a, a good neighborhood.
eating plums, ko°'-ha-ha-kshe ni'-ka-shi-ga i-gi wa-
ko'i'-dse stsa-tse ni-kshe o, you are tha bi a, a bad neighborhood.
eating plums. ko"'-ha ke to"-ga, wide margin.
ô"'dse-5a-be, black plums dried; ko"'-ha ke zhi"-ga, narrow margin.
prunes. ko"'-ha-u-thi-stse, a style of wearing
ko°'-dse-si, an orange. the hair among the children of
ko^'-dse gi wi° ko°-btha, I want an certain gentes in the Osage Tribe.
orange. ko"'-tha, to attack; to charge upon an
ko°'-dse gi wi° shko°-shda, you want enemy; to raid; to threaten; (2) a
an orange. menace.
ko°'-dse-5i hi, an orange tree. a-ô"'-btha ha, I made an attack.
ko°-dse'-5i ts'a-the, sour orange; tha-i:o°-shna ha, you made an
lemon. attack.
ko"'-dse hi" stse-e, hairy plums; o"-ko"'-tha i ha, we made an attack.
peaches, ]ô°'-thi-xthe-ga, base of the trunk
ko'i'-dse hi" stse-e tse gi, yellow that sends forth roots.
peaches. ko"'-to", to tie, as with a string or cord.
ko"'-dse hi" stse-e a-ba dsu-dse a bo, a'-ko°-to°, I tie.
the peaches are ripe. tha'-ko°-to°, you tie.
ko"'-dse hi" stse-e tse gia-ka dsu-dse o"-ko"-to" i, we tie.
a-ko, the peach is mellow. ko"'-to°-ga, one of the large muscles.

ko°'-dse sta-tse ni kshe o, you are ko"'-tsi, menstruation.
eating plums. ko'-pshe, to run off; to elope,
ko"'-dse thu-we, fruit picking. a-ko'-pshe, I eloped,
ko"'-dse bthu-we, I pick fruit. tha-ko'-pshe, you eloped.
ko"'-dse stsu-we, you pick fruit. o"-]j;o"'-psha i, we eloped,
—
ô"'-dse u-gtho° ko"-dse, any kind ko'-tha a-ka ka-wa no"-ba go"-Qe
of fruit, as plums, peaches, apples; ki-go" wa-thi" bi o, my friend
u-gtho", a place of deposit. The has two horses alike.
word ô"-dse is applied to fruit in ko'-tha e-tho°-ba, my friend and I.
general; this particular word is ko-we-tha', come hither.
used for pie, as its analysis shows Ko'-zhi-gi-gthe, Tracks - far - away.
a place to deposit fruit. Personal name.
ko°'-dse u-gtho° i-ga-xe, a cul- Ko'-zhi-rao°-i°, Travels-in-distant-
tivated herb used for cooking; lands. Personal name.
rhubarb {Rheum rhaponticum). kshe, he lay. (From a ritual.)
ko°'-dse xo-dse, the wild plum. kshe, the length of time from the be-
ko°'-dse xo-dse hi, wild plum tree ginning of a vigil (see no°-zhi°-
(Pruniis americana). zho°); (2) to lay down; to place
ko"'ha (Om. same), the edge, margin, flat on the ground, or to be pros-
selvage, welt, of certain goods. trate on any surface.
kshe, that lies. (From a ritual.) Kshi'-zhi, Never-reaching-home. Per

kshe-dsi, there. sonal name.
ni'kshe-dsi, there where lies the river, Kshi'-zhi- wa-ga-xe, Causes-them-to-
u-xtha'-be kshe-dsi, there where lies fail-to-reach-home. Personal name.
the forest. Refers to the attack of the eagle on
kshe no"', that lies outstretched. its prey.
kshi, to reach home. ksho°'-ga, a special kinship term used
Ifshi' a(?), has he reached home? by members of a family only.
ho'-we, a-kshi' bi a, yes; he has k'u, to give away,
reached home, a-lj'u', I give away.
kshi-gthe', to have gone home, tha-lj;'u', you give away,
kshi gthe' a(?), has he gone home? ku'-dse, to shoot,

ho-we', a-kshi-a' gtha bi a, yes; he a-lju'-dse, I shoot,
has gone home, tha-lju'-dse, you shoot.
kshi'-nc-zhi", to reach home and be o°-lju'-dsawe shoot.
i,
standing there, ku-dse thi-shto", to have shot,

kshi'-c-ge, to teach another; to in- a-ku'-dse bthi-shto", I have shot,
struct. tha-lju'-dse ni-shto°, you have shot.
kshi the, to cause to do a thing, o''-lj;u'-dse o°-thi-shto° i, we have
gthe' tha kshi-the a(?), did you let shot.
him go? ku-ge', sound of a drum when beaten,
ho-we', gthe a-kshi the o, yes; I let ku-ku'-dse, shooting repeatedly; used
him go home. in describing a fight,
kshi'-xe, to make or do something for k'u'-shi, gulped into the earth,
another, ku'-tha, a friend.
a-kshi-xe, I made something for him. i-ku'-tha wi-ta, he is a friend of mine,
tha-kshi-xe, you made something for ku'-zhi, far away; at a great distance,
him. ku'-zhi-a-ha mo°-thi°, to live in
o°-kshi-xa i, we made something for seclusion; to withdraw from so-
him. ciety of others; to live as a hermit.
m:
ma'-5ki-da, to cut a notch in an ax Mi'-gc-e, White-sun. Female per-
handle or a hoe. sonal name.
ma'-a-gki-da, I notched the ax Mi-da' -i°-ga, Playful-sun. Personal
handle, name. Refers to the sun as one
ma'-tha-gki-da, .you notched the ax of the symbols.
handle. mi da'-stsu-dse, sunbeam.
mi (Om. same), sun. Mi'-do°-a-bi, Sun-that-is-looked-up-
mi, moons. (From a ritual.) on. Female personal name.
mi, a blanket. Mi-do°'-be, Sees-the-sun. Female
mi to" a, a robe. personal name.
mi'-a-bi-QC-dse, to rape. mi'-i-tho°-be, the sun appears; sun-
mi-a'-gtho"-ge i" do, I am married; rise.
I have been married. mi-ga', female.
mi'-a-gthu-shka, elf; sprite. tse mi'-ga, female buffalo.
mi'-a-ka thi-gthi-gthi-a i ha, the ta'-wa mi-ga, female horse (mare).
sun is radiant. mi-ga' do-ga i-da-be, male and
mi'-a-po-ga, afternoon; sundown. female.
mi-gi', a sharp stick used for perforat- mi ga-gthe' ce (sun's rays). The sun
ing meat to be fastened together as he rises throws up broad, spread-
for jerking. Also used in weaving ing ra.vs. Thirteen of these rays
rush mats. are the war symbols of the Tsi'-
. . .
LA FLESCHEI OSAGE DICTIONARY 91
mi ga-gthe' ce — continued. -ka'-k'e ho^'-ba-do" thi^-kshe,

zhu Wa-no" gens. The rods used the morning star. Used in rituals.
by the warriors in recounting their -ka'-k'e he-do" thi^-kshe, even-
military honors are made to sym- ing star.
bolize these thirteen rays. -ka'-k'e mo°-thi° a-zhi, lode star;
Mi'-ga-sh.o°-i°, Sun-that-travels. Fe- magnetic ore, from mi-â'-k'e, a
male personal name. star; mo°-thi°, moving;
a-zhi, not
mi-go"' tha, a man married by pur- —star-moving-not. This star is
chase. When he reaches an ad- known among astronomers as the
vanced age, he finds it useless to guiding or Pole star.
do any courting, so he purchases -ka'-k'e to°-a, the great star; the
a woman. A suitor. {See mi- morning star.
thi'-gtho°.) -ka'-k'e u-]î-tha-ts'i°, double star.
Mi'-gth.e-do°-wi°, Sun-hawk-woman. -ka'-k'e u-xpa-the, meteor; falling
Female personal name. star. The year 1833 was known as
mi'gtho°-ge (male), matrimony. the year of falling stars.
mi'-ha-shi-the, a robe worn with the -ka'-k'e u-zho°-ge, the path of a
hair outside. star; orbit.
mi'-he-ga, rush (Equisetum hiemale). -ka'-k'e-wa-spe, the inactive star.
mi hi-e-ge'--ta, toward the setting of -â'-k'e-zhi»-ga, Little-star. Per-
the sun. sonal name.
mi'-hi-the, sun gone; sundown; sunset. -ka'-k'e zhu-dse, red star; Pole
Mi' - hi - the, Sun - down. Personal star.
name. -ka'-î-thi-xa bi, when the rac-
mi'-hi-the do°, at sunset, when the coons rut, November.
sun goes down. -ka'-pshe, hairbrush grass {Stipa
mi'-hi-the te wax-ka-da-zhi do°-be spartea)
u-xta, a wonderful sunset. -ka'u-thu-thi°-ge, a trap (for
mi'-hi-tho°-be dsi, where the sun catching raccoons)
appears; the east. -ka'-wa-da-i°-ga, Playful-raccoon.
Mi'-ho°-ga, Sacred-sun. Female per- Personal name.
sonal name. -ka'-xa-ge, Crying-raccoon. Per-
mi'-ho-wa-gi tho° shi a(?) where sonal name.
was the sun when you started; at -ke' the-stse-dse, cattail {Typha
what time did you start? latifolia). This is also the name
mi'-i-da-Qa-be, sunburn. of a gens.
mi'-tho° da-lja-de i-thi da-ga-be ha, -ke'-the-stse-e, the common cat-
you sunburn. tail, used for coarse weaving
mi'-tho° o^-tho" da-ga-be ha, I (Typha latifolia)
sunburn. -k'i°', the Sun Carrier. The name
mi-ka', raccoon. The raccoon was of a gens.
used for food by both the Osage -]^'i°' Wa-no",
Carriers of the sun
and the Omaha. When the fur and moon. This refers to the life
traders came among the Omaha symbols, all the heavenly bodies.
they never paid more than a -kshe, me. (From a ritual.)
quarter of a dollar for a raccoon -kshi°'-da, I am.
skin, so they called the coin mi-l?a'- °, a robe. In the shrine. Rite of
ha-i-tha-wa, raccoon money. Vigil, scalp and bird degrees of the
mi-ka' -k'e, mushroom. Tribal Rites, the ceremonial robe,
mi-â'-k'e, star. called Xo'-ka mi°, was made of a
mi-ka' -ê'e gi^-dso stse-dse, long- puma skin which symbolized fire.
tailed star; comet. In the weaving of the Shrine, the
67025—32—7
92 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY fBf LL. 109
mi° — continued. nii^'-dse-ko", the trigger of a gun.

burden strap sayings of the Ancient wa-hu'-to°-the mi"'-dse-lfo° tse bthi'-
Men, degrees of the Tribal Rites, do" ha, I pulled the trigger.
the ceremonial robe was a buffalo Mi"'-d8e-ni-e, Fences-with-a-bow.
robe (of the Wa-^se-tsi gens the Personal name.
robe was made of deerskin). In nii"'-d8e-shta hi, smooth bowwood,
the Tattooing ceremony the cere- the Indian name for the Osage
monial robe was made of a black orange (Toxylon pomiferum) The .
bearskin. This ceremony is apart Pawnees and Omahas pay a big

from the tribal rites. The Mi- price for this wood because of its
Iji'i" and Tho'-xe gentes use seven lasting qualities,
raccoon skins. mi^'-dse ta-shpi. the nock of a bow or
mi'-na, this is a special kinship term of an arrow.
used by a father and mother for mi°'-dse wi° e-pa-xe o, I am making
their first daughter. The term is a bow for him.
also used by other members of tlie mi^'-dse wi° shka-xe, you are making
family. It is not a personal name; a bow.
it is, however, a gentile name, by mi"'-dse wi" wi-pa-xe o, I am making
which she may be addressed by a bow for you.
anybody. mi°-kshe, I, who sit here. An ex-
mi°-dse', to creep; to crawl on the pression found in rituals.
hands and knees. Mi'-'-kshe-ska ga-xa, Dogie Creek.
zho° ki-gthe' ke dsi a-mi°-dse bthe A small branch of the Arkansas
ha, I crawled under the log. River.
ini°'-dse, bow. The Osage made their mi'-no°, the first daughter (special
bows of the Osage orange saplings. kinship term).
When this wood is not obtainable, mi°'-to"-a, a buffalo robe.
they use the hickory or the ash mi"'-to°-a gtho°-the wi" a-bthi", I
sapling.
have a large buffalo robe.
mi°'-dse ke a-gthu-ge, I recovered my nii"'-to"-ga, a large robe,
bow.
mi'-to-o-xthe, sunfiower, looks always
mi^'-dse ke tha-gthu-ge, you re-
to the sun. The compass weed;
covered your bow.
from this weed there is a gum that
mi°'-dse ke o°-gthu-ga i, we recovered
exudes from the stalk. {See mi-
our bow.
ta-o-ga-xthe.)
Mi°'-dse-5ta ga-xa, Bow-wood Creek.
nii"'-'tse, bow.
The site ofthe eleventh camp of
mi°'-tse-ko", bowstring.
the first trail of the buffalo hunt.
mi"'-tse-ta-spe, notches of bow.
Also the site of the tenth camp of
Mi"'-tse-xi, Sacred Robe. A personal
the second trail.
name.
ini"'-dse ga-xe pi-mo", I am skilled in Mi"-tsiu'-sh.a-ge ga-xa. Grizzly Bear
bow making.
Claw Creek.
mi"'-dse ga-xe pi-o" bi a, he is skilled
Mi-tsiu'-zhi"-ga, Little-grizzly-bear.
in bow making.
Personal name.
mi"'-dse ga-xe ship-zho", you are an
mi°-tsu', grizzly bear.
exjiert bow maker.
mi'-o"-ba, the moon.
—
mi'^'-dse-ko" mi°'-dse, bow; l>:o",
mi'-o°-ba a-thi-ge-zhe, a half moon;
sinew; bow-sinew: bowstring.
The Osage made their bowstrings a crescent.
out of a buffalo sinew. A good mi'-o"-ba gi-k'a-be gi-gthe, the
hunter is always supplied with waning of the moon.
extra bowstrings in his quiver. ini'-o"-ba the, this month.
Mi"'-d8e-ko", Bow-string. Personal ini'-o°-ba the" da-pa, the moon is
name. round.
nii'-C-ba u-ki-gte hi e no", seini- mi-u'-tha-ge-i-ko^-the, watch chain.

luonthly. mo"'-ge-Qka gi mi'-u-tha-ge-i-ko^-the
Mi'-she-tsi-the, Yonder - the - sun- wi" a-ni ui-ke ha, you have a gold
passes. Personal name. watch chain.
mi'-ta o-ga-xthe, a sun-gazer plant; miu'-tha-ge i-Vo°-the wi-ta stse-dse,
the gum plant (Silphium lacinia- my watch chain is long,
tum). mi-u'-tha-ge u-ta-no", one of the
Mi'-tha-gthi°, Good-sun. Female spaces of time as marked out on
personal name. the face of a clock or watch; an
mi'-tha gtlio°-ge i° do, you are mar- hour.
ried. mi-u'-xpe, sun falls; sunset.
ini-thi'-gtho°, a suitor; a lover. mi-u'-xpe gi-thi-ko", clouds making
mi-thi'-gtho°, to woo; to make love, way for the sun as it approaches
mi-bthi'-gtho", I woo. the western sky.
mi-ni'-gtho", you woo. mi'-wa-ba-tse, bands of ribbon on a
mi'-tho" a-gthi-tse-ga ha, I reno- woman's blanket.
vated mj' blanket. mi'-wa-da, to be jealous (as a man
rni'-tho" da-ka-dse, the sun is hot. of a woman),
Mi-tho"-to°-mo°-i°-zhi°-ga, Young- wa-u' wi° mi-a-a-da ha, I am jealous
mid-day. Personal name. Refers of a woman,
to the sun at early noon. wa-u' wi" mi-a-tha-da ha, you are
Mi-tho'-to" Wa-tho°, Mid-day Songs. jealous.
These are given according to the Mi'-wa-ga-xe, Child-of-the-sun. Per-

Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge version. It
sonal name.
was a custom long before the mi'-wa-gthu-shka, fay; an elf; a
fairy.
white man came for the Osage to
offer supplication at dawn, mid-
mi wa'-o" zhi°-ga, little songs of the
day, and sunset, as the sun was sun. These songs are the Tsi'zhu
considered one of the abiding places version and are appeals for aid
of Wa-ljo°-da. The first refers to from that heavenly body for suc-
the red eagle, the white eagle, and cess in defeating the enemies of
the bald eagle as the giver of the the tribe. In these songs the Sun
three symbols for the three periods is referred to as Grandfather; refer-
of the day; the second relates to ence is made to its rising first, —
its outspreading rays; second, its
the sun, who is spoken of as
father; songs 3 and 4 are sung appearance above the horizon visi-
twice. ble to the supplicant; third, the
appearance of plumelike shafts and, ;
Mi'-^se-xi, Sacred-sun. Female per-
sonal name.
fourth, when it has fully arisen.
rai'-xa gka, the white swan. (See
mi'-u-bthi-wi», a ring around the
legend.)
moon or the sun; a halo.
nii'-xa-§ka ha, white swanskin.
Mi'-u-ko°-dsi, the solitary moon;
rai'-xa-5ka to°-ga, the white swan.
month of February. This is the This bird figures in the Osage
version of Black Dog, while Chief
tribal rites as a symbol of strength
Look-out says it is the month of
and endurance.
January.
rai'-xa-do-ga, a drake.
Mi u'-k'o" thi^-ge, Moon of the Idle rai'-xa-ghto"-ge shto°, diver; a coot
days, March. mi'-xa-pa-ô-ho, mallard duck. The
mi'-u-tha-ge —mi, sun; u-tha-ge, re- skin of the neck and head of the
porter — sun reporter:
a clock, mallard duck was used by the
mi'-u-tha-ge wi-ta tho° wa-hu-stsa, Osage and Omaha as a symbol of
my clock is small. peace on their peace pipes.
mi'-xa-sha-be — mi-xa, goose; sha-be, mi'-zhi" — continued.

dark goose. The goose is used by acter of the family of the young
both the Osage and Omaha for man and also that of the young
food. man himself.
mi'-xa sha-be zhi"-ga, a gosling. There is one point on which
mi'-xa zhi°-ga, a leal duck. every self-respecting family is par-
mi'-zhi", thename of a marriage cus- ticular, and that is that the daugh-
tom which takes place between a ter shall marry only into a family
youth and a maiden. The mar- the parents of which have been
riageable age is reached shortly properly united in accordance with
after puberty, and those who have the recognized tribal custom. One
attained that period of life are of the first inquiries made of the
known as Tse ga-no°, "newly four old men by the parents of
grown." These young people, un- the girl is upon this subject.
less near relatives, are not allowed When the answers given are sat-
to mingle or even speak to one isfactory as to the standing of the
another. They
are strictly guard- youth's family, the next step is
ed, so thatno couple can arrange the consideration of the number
their own marriage affairs, and and character of the gifts to be
open courting or love-making is made by the parents of the young
quite impossible. man. As all the near relatives of
The initiatory steps toward mar- the maiden must each have a gift,
riage must come from the family it becomes necessary to canvass
of the young man. No one hav- carefully the amount and value of
ing a marriageable daughter can do the gifts offered to insure satisfac-
anything looking toward her mar- tion on the part of all entitled to
riage; she must wait to be sought. share in them. These negotia-
It, therefore, becomes necessary tions often consume considerable
for the parents or near relatives of time, \^1len at last this matter is
the youth to seek for him a suit- adjusted the four old men are
able wife, who must be chosen bidden to inform the family of the
from a gens other than the gentes youth that the relatives of the
to which the father or mother of maiden will be consulted. This
the youth belongs. form of message is regarded as an
When a suitable maiden has been assurance to the four men that
—
found one who in the opinion of their mission will be successful.
the young man's family would At this point it is possible for the
make him a good wife- the par- — parents of the girl to reject the
ents summon four old men, each proposal, but if they are favorably
of whom has won the title of inclined they now communicate
Ni'-lja do"^ he, or Good Men. with the maternal uncle and con-
This title belongs to a man who sult with him. If he gives his
has been married according to the consent, all the other relatives
established customs of the tribe, agree to the proposed marriage.
has successfully raised and mar- The parents of the maiden send
ried off hisown children, and lived a messenger whose duty it is to
to become a grandfather. The convey their consent to the par-
Ni'-lâ do" he are employed to con- ents of the young man and to
duct the negotiations between the announce the time when the cere-
family of the youth and that of mony of the delivery of the gifts,
the chosen maiden, and for their the maiden, and the young man
services they receive a fee. When shall take place. On the ap-
the four men present the proposal pointed day the parents of the
of marriage, they extol the char- young man lead a procession com-
—
mi'-zhi" contiuued. rao°'-bi-dse —
continued.
posed of all the relatives of the No°'-ho°-zhi°-ga to use for smok-
youth, each one bearing a gift of ing when performing the cere-
a horse or a blanket to be delivered monies relating to the making of
among the relatives of the maiden. the rush shrine for the sacred
When all the promised gifts have hawk, the emblem of the courage of
been delivered to the relatives of the warrior; the smoke of the leaves
the girl and accepted by them, the was very mild and could be in-
relatives of the young man return haled.
to their home. mo"'-bi-dse ba-ko° (Rhus glabra), the
Onthe foUowiug day the parents common sumac (smooth) used for
of the maiden send her, accom- smoking.
panied by a prominent man, to the mc'-bi-dse xtsi hi, the real mo°-bi-
home of the prospective bride- dse, the leaves of which the No"'-
groom to be delivered to him and ho'^-zhi^-ga declared to be suitable
to his parents and relatives. This for use for ceremonial smoking.
act spoken of as a declaration:
is The leaves of the tall sumac were
"We give to you our daughter." always used for smoking at the
The bride takes with her gifts of tribal ceremonies.
blankets and horses to be distrib- mo^'-bi-xo", columbine and other
uted among the relatives of the sweet-smelling seeds used among
young man. The next morning the Osage for perfumery.
the bridegroom's relatives again ino°'-bi-xo° ga-be, black perfume;
form a procession and take both columbine seeds.
bride and groom to the house of Mo°'-btho°-ba, Corn-hill. Female
the bi'ide's parents and deliver her personal name.
and her husband to her parents' mc'-btho" ga-xe —mo^-btho", corn
relatives. This act, which com- hills; ga-xe, to make: to-make-
pletes the marriage, is equivalent corn-hills. Preparation for plant-
to the declaration by the youth's ing corn.
parents: "We give to you our mo°'-btho° pa-xe, I am making corn
son." hills,
mi -xa zhi^-ga xo-dse, teal duck. mo^'-btho" shka-xe, you are making
mo", an arrow. The Osage made their corn hills,
arrows out of a wood they call mo^'-btho" o°-ga-xe, we are making
mo^'-ga hi, arrow wood (Cornus corn hills.
asperi folia). When this wood is mc'-sa, arrow shaft.
not obtainable they use the ash. mo°'-sa-ga-ts'u, gun wad. When the
Two arrows, ceremonially made, Osage came into possession of the
are used in some of the Osage tribal flintlock musket he saved all the
rites, one painted black and the arrow-shaft shavings for use as
other red, to represent night and gun wad. The word is a com-
day, they being symbols of ever- posite: mo°'-5a, arrow shaft;
lasting life. ga-ts'u, shavings. In his bullet
mc'a-do-we, trump in a game of pouch the hunter carried a large
cards. supply of the shavings.
mo^'a-tha-ge, arrow feathers. moo'-Sa hi, arrowwood. {See mo"'.)
mc-ba'-tsi-he, a hummock; a gopher Mo"'-sa hi, A Thicket of Arrowwood.
hill. This was the site of the fourteenth
mc-bi'-ge, drought; continued dry camp of the second trail in the
weather; absence of rain. hunt for buflfalo.
mc'-bi-dse, sumac. The leaves of Mo sa-no °-pa-i°,
"' - Dreaded-arrow-
the sumac were dedicated by the shaft. Personal name.
96 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 1U4
mo"'-§a-xo-ta hu, gray arrowwood mc'-ge-gka ^si —

mo^'-ge-gka, money;
(Coi7ius circinaia L'Her). This tsi, —
house: money-house bank.
treewas used for making arrows. mc'-ge-gka —mo^'-ge-gka,
tsi a-thi"*
mc-Qe', woman's breast. money; house;
tsi, owner:a-thi°,
Mo°'-5e, Metal. Personal name. money-house-owner— banker.
mo "'-56, iron or any kind of metal, mo"'-ge-gka tsi a-thi" to° a-gi-to° be
mo^-ge-mo" da-gko" a-the, I melt the bthe ta mi^-ke ha, I will see my
metal, banker.
mo^-ge-mo" da-gko" tha-the, you mc'-ge-gka u-da wa-gthe-ge, paper
melt the metal. or writing for borrowing money; a
mc'-ge, steel trap; a beaver or rac- note.
coon trap. mc'-ge-gka u-thu-da wi" a-wa-ki,
mo"'-5e a-ba-ta, wire fence. I gave a promissory note.
mc'-ge a-da-kc-gthe, a metal nic'-ge-gka u-zhu, purse; pocket-
lamp. book; wallet.
mc'-ge a-ga-tsa-ge, a rivet. u-zhu o"-wo" xpa-the ha,
nio'''-ge-gka
Mo°'-ge ga-be,Black-breast. Per- I lost my wallet.
sonal name. Refers to the black nic'-ge-gka wa-no°-p'i°, silver med-
hair on the breast of the elk. al; peace medal.
mc'-ge-ga-gi, hard iron; steel. nio°'-se-e, hoe.
—
mc'-se-gi^ mo^'-ge, metal; gi, yel- mc'-ge ga-xe —mo°'-ge, iron; ga-xe,
low yellow-metal brass.
: — —
maker: iron-maker a blacksmith,
mo°'-se §1 a-ba-gta mon'-ge,— iron; mo^'-ge ga-xe to"dsi ka-wa to"
gi, foot; a-ba-gta, patch; foot-iron- a-gtha-bthi bthe ta mi^-kshe, I
patch; horseshoe. must take my horse to the black-
mc'-ge-gka, white metal (money). smith.
mo»'-ge-gka o"-thi°-ge, I have no —
mo°'-5e-ga-xe tsi mo^'-ge, iron; ga-
money, xe, to make; tsi, house: house-to-
mo^'-ge-gka thi-thi°-ge, you have no make-iron; a blacksmith shop.

money. mo^'-ge i»-shta u-gtho° mo°'-ge, —
mo'»'-ge-gka wa-thin-ga i, we have no metal; i"-shta, eyes; u-gtho", to
money. put in: eyeglasses; lorgnette.
mc'-ge-gka a-do"-be, nio"'-ge i°-stu-gtho" wi-ta tho°
treasurer.
mc-sho-sho-dse i"-tha ha, my
mo^'-ge-gka a-gi-da ha, I am asking
spectacles are dirty.
for my money.
mc'-ge-gka Qa-gi, a coin.
mc'-ge ki-tha-ha-pa-hi, a pickax
with edges hke a chisel instead of
mc'-Qe-gka §i— mo"'-ge-gka, money;
pointed; a mattock.
gi, yellow; yellow money: gold.
mC^'-Se k'o°-5a-gi^mo'''-ge, iron;
mon'-se-gka gi'-ba hi, they are col-
k'o°-ga-gi, swift: telegraph.
lecting money from him.
mc-ge-gka i-ts'a-the,
moo'-ge-mo'' —
nio°'-ge, metal; mo°,
a spendthrift, arrow; word applied to a
the
mo^'-ge-gka i-ts'a-the ma e-go" i lui, bullet.(Om. same.)
he is a spendthrift. mo^'-ge mc-hi^-gi, an iron arrow-
mc'-ge-gka thi°-ge —mo^'-ge-gka, head.
money; thi"-ge, none, not any: mc'-ge-moo u-ga-xto", a bullet
not-any-money —penniless, mold.
mo^'-ge-gka o°-thi°-ge, I have no mc'-ge ni-xo-dse, iron ashes; gun-
money. powder.
mo°'-ge-gka thi-thi°-ge, you have no Mo^'-ge-nc-p'i^, Iron-necklace. Per-
money, sonal name.
mo^'-ge gka wa-thi°-ga
money.
i, we have no mo^'-ge pe-dse i-shko° mo°-ge, —
iron; pe-dse, fire; i-shko", to warm
niQn'-ge-gka ô", rich in money and one's self. The Osage name for
chattels. a stove.
.
mo" -56 â-â-ge —rao'-ge, iron; ta- mo°'-5e-we-e —

continued.
ta-ge, ticking — ticking-iron: type- mo°'-ge-we-e tha-gthi-xo°, you broke
writer. your plow.
mo°'-Qe ta-ta-ge tse-ga wi" a-bthi", mo°'-ge-wx-e o^-wo" ki o, lend me
I have a new typewriter. your plow.
moo'-Qe tse-xe wi° a-ni, you have a mo"'-5e we-ga-k'u, an adze.
tin pail. ino"'-5e-w6-ki-k'o°, hardware; any
ino°'-§e tse-xe wi° pa-xe, I made a useful article made of iron,
tin pail. mo^'-ge wiu-ga-do", an iron wedge.
mc'-ge —
tsiu-ge mo^'-ge, metal; t sin- —
mo^'-ge wi-u-ho° mo°-Qe, iron; wi,
ge, mussel shell, a name applied modification of we, with which to;
to spoons; an iron spoon. u-ho°, cook: iron-with-which-to-
rao°'-se tsi u-thu-ga-do° mo°'-ge, — —a cooking stove.
cook
metal; tsi, house; thu, with which ino°'-g6 zhu-dse — mo°-ge, metal;
to; u-ga-do°, peg down; metal- zhu-dse, red: red-metal— copper.
with - which - to - peg-house-down: mo°'-ge zhu-dse the-xe tse o°-tho°-
nail. thi" gi o, bring me my copper
nio°'-5e tsu-ge, an iron spoon or shell. kettle.
mo"'-§e u-ga-tsa-ge, a rivet. ino°'-gi hi, arrowhead (Viburnum).
mo°-ge u-ga-tsa-ge to°-ga ge-wi° o°-i Mo °' - gi- tse- xi, Sacred-arrow-shaft
o, give me a large rivet. Female personal name.
rQO'''-s© u-gtho° —mo°'-ge, trap; u- ino°-go°-i'-ta, at the other side.
gtho°, putting in (the act of put-
mo°-go°' thi°-â-a-ba-sda— mo^-go"
ting the trap in the mouth of a thi°-ta, on one side (of the head);
beaver hole) : trap setting. (Om. a-ba-sda, shave: shave-on-one-side-
same.)
mo "'-56 u-ki-ki-e —mo"'-ge, iron; u-
of-the-head —penitentiary.
Mo°-go'-tse ga-xa, Whistle Creek, so
ki-ki-e, talk together, or to each
called because reeds out of which
other: telephone.
whistles were made grew there.
mo"'- ge -u-ki -thu-cha-ge —mo^'-ge, Mission Creek, Okla.
iron; u-ki, together; thu-cha-ge,
mo"-5to'-gto, mud; a muddy
welded — iron-welded-together : a
road.
soft
chain.
u-zho°-ge ke mo°-gto'-gto, the road
mo^'-ge-u-tha-ge, telltale wire; tele-
is muddy.
graph wire.
m.o°-gu'-ds6-e-gon. {See zho^-xa-
mo°'-S6 u-xtho-k'a, a stovepipe.
shto°-ga.)
mo°'-ge u-xtho-k'a tse u-gi'ha, the
ino°-do'ka, moist. (See do'ka.)
stovepipe is rusty.
ino"'-5e-we-ba-k'u —mo"'-ge, iron;
mo°-8'-go°, resembling an arrow.
we-ba-k'u, to dig with: a spade. mo°'-ga, skunk.
mc'-ge we-ba-tse— mo^-ge, iron; we, ino°-ga'-bu, same as a-ga-ha-mi.
with which ba-tse, sew—
to; îron- Mo°-ga'-shu-dse, Dust-maker. Per-
with-which-to-sew: a sewing ma- sonal name. Refers to the dust
chine. made by the rushing of the
ino"'-5e-we-6, a plow. Before the buffalo.
iron plow was introduced among Mc'-ga-xe, Arrow-maker. Personal
the Osage they used the shoulder name.
blade of the elk or bison for hoes. rao°'-ge, breast or chest of a human
Traders introduced the iron hoes, being.
and when the plow was brought Mo°-ge'-5i, Yellow-breast. Personal
the Indians gave it this name, name.
which meant iron hoe. —
ino°'-ge ni-e mo°-ge, breast; ni-e,
mo°'-ge-we-e a-gthi-xo°, I broke my ache: breast-ache, chest-ache; con-
plow. sumption.
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 109
mo°'-ge thi-gto-the, the muscles of mo"'-hi-5i-u-gthe, slit for arrowhead.

my breast gathered in folds with mo"'-hi-5i wa-k'u kshe a-bthi", I
age. (From a ritual.) have the queen of spades.
mo°'-ge u-ga-gi, the hard muscle of a mo"'-hi-dse ta-xe, a blunt arrow used
buffalo's breast; a term used in in shooting game, especially birds.
butchering. mio"-hi°', grass.
mo°'-gthe, vertical or the beginning. mo"'-hi", knife (ceremonial). In the
mo°'-gthe-the, originator or author. early days a red-stone knife was
ino°-gthi" o', go home. used in the various ceremonies.
mo" gthu-stse-dse Wa-tlio", songs (For the story of the finding of these
of drawing the arrows. This is a (two) knives see Ni-lji-e ritual, 36th
version of the Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge Ann. Rept. B. A. E., pp. 206-208,
gens. The word gthu implies a Hues 1391-1446.) The knife be-
complex symbolism, and is here longed to the Ho"'-ga division.
personified as the one who draws Children to this day are named for
the arrows. In song 1 of this this ancient ceremonial weapon.
group reference is made to the two Under the changed conditions the
birds used in the ceremony; in the stone knife has disappeared and is
second song the theme refers to the now represented by a carving
red and black arrows sent in pur- knife, which must always be a
suit of Day and Night; in the third new one.
song reference is made to the home- mo "-hi"' btha-5ka, flat grass that
coming attended with success; in grows in damp soil.
this little drama there is the mo"-hi"'-btho° ge, buffalo grass

thought courage
of and valor (Buehloe dadyloides (Nutt.) Euge-
against danger. leu; Bulbilis dadyloides (Nutt.)
mo°' - gthu - stse - dse Wa - tho°, Raf.)
Songs of Drawing His Arrows. Mo "-hi"' btho"-5e ga-xa, Small Grass
These songs are supplicatory in Creek, a branch of Soldier Creek,
character. The ceremonial acts near Pawhuska, Okla.
accompanying these songs express Mo"'-hi°-5i, Fire. Personal name.
a desire that the initiate shall not Refers to fire drawn from stone or
only be successful in his military arrowhead.
career but that he shall also have Mo"'-hi"-si, Flint-arrow-point. The
an endless line of descendants. name of a subgens of the Ho"'-ga
Reference is made in the song to a U-ta-no°-dsi gens; acts as Sho'-lja
little bow and two arrows; these and the gens.
to itself
are made according to ritual mo"'-hi"-5i ba-xtha, fire flint.
form. mo"'-hi"-§i i-â-xe-tse, the point of
mo "'-ha, a cliff. This term is fre- an arrowhead.
quently found in ritual ceremonies. Mo"'-hi"-5i thu-sa bi, Flint Quarry;
mo "'-ha, where the sun sets; west. Fhnt Rock, Okla.
mo°'-ha stse-dse— mo°-ha, a cliff; mo"'-hi"-5pe— mo°-hi°, knife; gpe,
stse-dse, tall; cliff -tall; a precipice. meaning lost: ax.
mo "'-ha tu i-the, wind from the west. mo"'-hi"-5pe i-ba, a helve; an ax
Mo"'-ha-u-gthi", Sits-under-a-bank. handle.
Personal name. mo"'-hi°-5pe i-ba bthi°-xo°, I broke
Mo"'-ha u-gthi" tô"-wo", cliff village. an ax handle.
mio"'-ha u-wa-ki-ho", cliff upon cliff, mo"'-hi"-5pe i-ba stsi-xo", you broke
as terraces. an ax handle.
mo"'-ha zhu-dse, red clay; vermilion. mo"'-hi"-5pe i-ba o"-gthi-xo° i, we
Mo"'-hi-5i thu-5a-bi, name of a place broke the ax handle.
on the Verdigris River where flint Mo°'-hi°-5pe-we-tsi", Battle-ax. Per-
for arrows was quarried. sonal name.
LA riBSCBE] OSAGE DICTIONARY
mo"'-hi°-spe zhi°-ga, a tomahawk, mo"' -hi^-pa-gi-so-be, a dagger; a

a battle-ax or a hatchet. dirk; sharp-pointed knife.
ino"-h.i"-ga-5e nio°-zho°, meadow- m.o°-h.i°' to-ho, greens; vegetables.
land; portion of land used for mo"-hi"' to-ho tha-tse o°-gu, I like
grazing. vegetables.
mo°-hi°'-ga-shda, to hoe the field; mo°'-hi» Xo"-ga, a cutlass; sword; sa-
to cut weeds, ber; a large knife.
mc-hi"' a-shda, I hoe the field. Mo^'-hi^-^C-ga —mo^-hi", knife; to"-
mo°-hi°' tha-shda, j'ou hoe the field, ga, big: The Osage
big-knife.
mo^-hi"' o"-ga-shda i, we hoe the name an Enghshman.
for
field. Mo^'-hi^-to^-ga ga-hi-ge mo°-hi", —
ino'''-hi'>-5i ba-xtha, fire flint. So knife; to°-ga, big; ga-hi-ge, chief:
called on account of the ease with big-chief-knife; Indian agent.
which fire was produced when m.o"-hi'»'-t3'a-zhi, sedge grass {Carex
bringing it in contact with hard lurida). This grass grows along
material. Used to produce fire the edges of the water and remains
till the time of matches. green throughout the summer and
mo" - hi"' i - ba - xtho - ge mo^-hi", — winter; it is one of the symbols of
grass or hay; i, with which to; long life, or continuity of life.
ba-xtho-ge, thrust or pierce: with- m.o°'-hi"-u-he, knife scabbard.

which-to-thrust-or-pierce-grass-or- mo"-hi"-u'-zh.u, manger.
hay; pitchfork. mo"-hi°-u'-zho" zhi°-ga — mo°-hi",
mo°-hi"' i-ba-xtho°-ge thi-thi-ta ke grass; u-zho°, Ues in; zhi^-ga, ht-
o°-wo°-]j'i o, lend me your pitch- tle. The Osage name for the
fork. marsh wren.
—
mo°-hi°'-i-ga-5e mo°-hi°, grass; i, mo"-hi"'wa-gthi", the garden is very
with which to; ga-ge, cut: with- weedy.
which-to-cut-grass; a mowing ma- Mo°'-h.i°-wa-ko"-da, Mysterious-
chine,
knife. Personal name.
mc-hi"' a-ge, I am mowing the grass,
mo"-h.i"' wa-xto" ha-do-ga, the cater-
mo^-hi"' tha-ge, you are mowing the
pillarUke weed: the nettle.
grass,
m.o°-hi'''-xa, the clearing of a field of
mo "-hi"' o"-ga-5a i, we are mowing
old stalks and dead weeds in pre-
the grass.
paring the soil for planting.
ino°'-hi°-ga-5e i-ba, long curved
mo°-hi"'-bthi-xa, I cleared the field.
handle of a scythe; a snath.
mo"-hi°-ni-xa, you cleared the field.
mc-hi^'-ga-Qe mc-zho", meadow-
mo"'-hi" zhi°-ga, little knife; pen-
land; a portion of land producing
knife.
grass which may be used for hay,
good grazing. mo°'-hi° zhi°-ga wi° a-lj:'i ha, I gave
also for
rao"-hi°'-i-thi-be-xi°, a hayrake him a penknife,
drawn by a horse. mo"' -hi" zhi°-ga wi" tha-k'i, you
—
ino"'-hi° i-thi-mo" mo°-hi°, knife;
gave him a penknife.
uio"'-hi" zhi"-ga wi" o"-lj:'i i, v/e gave
i-thi-mo°, to grind with: a whet-
stone; a hone.
him a penknife.
ino"-hi'''-i-thi-xe, a sulky hayrake.
mo°-hi-zhu. {See wa-zhu.)
mo°-hi°'-k8he, knife lying on the mo"-i"', to walk.
ground. mo"-i"' bthe ta mi"-ke ha, I am
nio°-hi"'-pa, bitterweed, ragweed or going for a walk.
hogweed {Artemisiae folia) It is .
mo"-i"' shne a? are you going for a
said that meat from animals feed- walk?
Mo"-i"'-gthe-do", Walks-home. Per-
ing upon this weed becomes taint-
sonal name.
100 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (bull. 109
mc-i^'-ka, ground; earth; soil; cla}'; niC'-ki-QO'-dse, to wrestle.

mud. niO'''-lji-50°-dse o^-gi-tha-gthi bi a,
nio°-i'''-lâ a-thi-tha-ha e tho, the ni-ka-shi-ga a-ka, the man likes

mud sticks to you. to wrestle.
moM^'-lâ c-tha-ha e tho, the mud Mc-ko", Medicine. Personal name.
sticks to nie. mc-ko"', drugs; any kind of medicine
mo''-i°'-ka ba-k'u, to excavate. except poisons.
nio°-i"'-lca pa-^'u, I excavated. ino"-ko°' a-thi°, a druggist; one who
mo"-i°'-li:a shpa-k'u, you excav.-.ted. sells drugs.
moM^'-â o°-ba-t'u i, we excavated. mC-ko"' §a-be— mo^-ko"', medicine;
ino''-i"'-ka gka, white clay; gypsum. ga-be, black: medicine-black; cof-
Lime made from this kind of stone fee,
was used by both the Osage and mo^-ljo"' ga-be ko^-btha, I want
Omaha for whitening the sinew some coffee,
used in making arrows; a variety mo'^-ko"' ga-be shko"-shta, you want
of selenite; calcium sulphate. some coffee.
Mo°' i^-ka ga-xe, Maker-of-the- mo"-ô°' ga-be, o^-go^-tha i, we want
Earth. The name of a gens. some coffee,
Also found among the Omahas. mo^-ko"' ca-be tse gki-the wa-gthi",
mo"-i°'-ka i-thi shto°-ga —inoM"- the coffee is too sweet.
ka, earth, soil; i-thi, with which mc-kc'-ga-be u-tha-tc", coffee cup.
to; shto°-ga, make soft: a harrow. Mo"-ko"'-5a-e To°-won, the Osage
Mo "-i"^' -ka-mo "-i", Walks-on-thename for Coffeyville, Kans.
earth. Personal name. mo°-ko" gi, yellow medicine; sulphur.
mC-i^'-ka mo"-tse kshe, the inner
mo"'-ki-si°-dse, threw himself upon
soil; the undersurface or strata.
the earth.
mo^-i^'-ka tse-xe, pottery; earthen-
mo°-ko°'-ska, white pepper.
ware.
moM^'-â tse-xe tse mo"-i"'-ka-5ka
nao''-ko'''ni-ka-slii-ga, man medicine
i-ga xa bi a, pottery is made from {Curcurbita perennis). One of the
clay.
medicines revealed by the buffalo
bull to the Osage people. See
Mo"-i'''-ka-zhi"-ga, Little-clay. Per-
legend.
sonal name. Refers to the four
different colors of clay, given by
rao°-ko''-pa, bitter medicine; pepper.
the crawfish. nio°-ko°'-pa ga-be, black pepper.
Mc-i^'-ku-a-ha, a man by this name mc-kc'-pa zhu-dse, red pepper.
died at this spot; he was of the mc-ljio^'-pi-zlii, bad medicine; poi-
Tho'-xe gens. This was the fif- son.
teenth camp in the second buffalo mo°-lj:o°'pi-zhi tha-to° bi o, he
trail. drank poison.
Mc-i^'-zhi, Does-not-walk. Per- ino°-ko°'-pi-zhi a-u-thi-k'e, bad
sonal name. Refers to the eagle. medicine put in the arm; morphine.
mc'-i-tha-tha, arrow feather. Mo"-ko"'-thi°, Possessors-of -medicine.
Mo"-kchi'-xa-bi, For-whom-arrows- Personal name.
are-made. Personal name. Re- nio"-ko°' to°-a zhi°-ga, Httle big
fers to the arrows made for use medicine. This is the poppy mal-
during the deer-hunting season. low {CalUrrhoe triangulata), which
rao"-ke da'-bthe-bthi", the arrow is was also miraculously revealed to
warped. the Osage by a buffalo bull for
mo^-ke da'-gi-ge tha-gi-the a(?) healing of flesh and fractured
are you hardening the point of bones.
your arrow by scorching it? ino°-ko°' to°-ea,, big medicine {Cur-
nao^-ke da'-si-ge a-gi-the, I har- curbita foetidissima) This is one
.
dened the point of my arrow by of the medicines revealed by the

scorching it. buffalo bull to the Osage people.
—
OSAGE DICTIONARY 101
mo"'ko°-to''-g'a zhi"-pa, poppy mal- mc'-sha-ko" zhu-dse, red burden

low, little medicine. The poppy strap (ceremony). At the close
mallow is used by the Tsi'-zhu Wa- of the Wi-gi-e To^-ga the left half
shtage gens as a symbol. See of a buffalo hide is placed before
legend, back of book. the leader of the Tsi'-zhu Wa-no°
mo"-ko°'-tsi, medicine house; dis- gens, who proceeds to cut it into
pensary; pharmacy. seven strips, each representing the
mo^-ko"' u-tha-to" e-no", strong; seven fireplaces of the Tsi'-zhu
forcible; potent; said of a drug. division. Each of these straps is
Used also to represent a dose. painted red on one side only; then
mC-ko"' u-thi-k'e, to inoculate. each strap is carefully folded and
ino"-ko"' we-tse'the, medicine for placed in a buffalo bladder sac to
killing secreth'; poison. which for convenience a strap is
mo"-ni'-ga, pocket gopher. The fastened for carrying.
Osage have a superstitious fear of ino"'-shi, up above; the arch of heav-
this animal. They think it has en; zenith.
power to do them harm. ino"-shi'-a-dsi, high; lofty, as a
mo"-m'-sh.ki-3hki-ga, a slough; a mountain; tall.
marsh; a stagnant swamp; a mire; Mo"'-shi-ha-mo°-i°, One-who-moves-
a place of deep mud. above. Personal name. Refers
mo°'-no"-i", prairie chicken. Both to the eagle.
the Omaha and Osage use this Mo°'-shi'>-ge u-we i-ta, Mo^'-shi"-
fowl for food. ge's field.
mo»-no°'-ti-de, rumbling of feet. mc'-shi upper part.
ta, at the
mo°-no"'-ti-de a-wa-no°-o° ha, I Mo°-shi'-ta-ino°-i°, Moves-on-high.
heard the rumble of feet. Personal name. Refers to the
nio°-no°'-to-ba, where the earth has eagle.
been softened by continued tramp- Mo°-shko'-ge, the Osage name for the
ing, especially by animals. Creek Tribe of Indians.
mo"-o"'-ka hi°-dse, crockery. ino°'-shko°, The crawfish
crawfish.
mo°'-pshe, birth; the beginning of a in Osage mythology was the person
family; the start of a generation. who brought from the recesses of
ino"'-sha-ko", burden strap. The the earth four kinds of clay
burden strap was the holiest of the blue, red, black, and .yellow
sacred symbols, surpassing even which he presented to the people
the hawk, the symbol of the war- when they approach
for use as signs
rior's courage. When a husband Wa-ô°'-da with their prayers.
wishes to honor his wife he has one ino°-sho'-dse, dust blown or carried
made for her ceremonially. This by the wind,
was one of the first ceremonies to mo°-sho'-dse i^-shta tho° o°-wo°-ga-
die out when new religious ideas hi-tha, the dust blew in my eyes.
were introduced by missionaries. Mo°-sho' dse-rao°-i°, Travelers-in-
rQo"'-3ha-ko° u-gtho°, putting the the-mist. The name of a subgens
burden straps into or adding them of the O-gu' ga-xe gens; acts as
to the shrine. Sho'-ka to both itself and the gens.
mc'-sha-ko" Wa-ko°-da-gi, burden rao°'-sho°, feather; plume; plu age.
strap (mysterious). This name nio"-sho"'-dse, a cave; a hole in the
refers to the finding of the first ground, as a gopher, badger, or
buffalo and the dedication of a squirrel makes.
certain part of the skin to cere- Mo°'-sho° Ga-sdu-dse, dropping the
monial uses. The term Wa-lfo"- feather. A part in the Peace
da-gi implies: imbued with mys- ceremony.
tical powers; it was from this con- Mo°'-8ho°-ho°-ga, Sacred-plume.
secrated part that the mysterious Personal name. Refers to eagle
burden straps were made. plumes worn by priests.
102 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY {bull. 109
mo^'-sho" i-gi-the-— mo°-sho", feath- mC-thi", to exist; to walk.

ers; i, with; ?i-the, making yellow; mo°-bthi°, I exist.
making-f eathers-with-ycllow ; the mo"-ni, you exist.
art of dying feathers yellow. Sor- mo°-thi°' a-lp-da, soldiers walking;
rel. (Rumex.) infantry.
mo^'-sho" i°-be-hi°, a feather pillow. mc-thi"' ba-dsu, gopher hill; the
ino"'-sho°-ka, a burden strap. soil raised by a gopher in digging
mc'-sho" u-ga-gi, hard part of the a hole.

feather, the quill. mc-thi'-k'o, to dig into the earth.
mo "'-she" u-gtho"-ge, feather bon- ino°-thi°'-ga, a gopher.
net, such as warriors wore when mo°-thi°'-ka, earth; soil; clay; mud.
they went into battle. (See mo°-i°-ka.)
mo"' - 8ho° - u - thi°-ge mo"-sho°, — mo°-thi°'-ka gi, a kind of j'ellow clay,
feather or quill; u-thi°-ge, to on the order of a faded red clay.
touch: voting; indorsing a check. mo°-thi°'-ka-5ka, white clay.
mo°'-sho° u-bthi^-ge, I indorsed it. rao"-thi°'-ka i-ljsi, earth lodge.
mo°'-sho° u-stsi°-ge, you indorsed it. ino"-thi°'-ka ke bi-ge, the ground is
mo°'-sho° o^-gi-thi^-ga i, we in- dry.

dorsed it. mo°-thi°'-ka-to, a clay with a blue
mo "'-she wa-gthe, ornamental or or green shade in it.
symbolic plume worn on top of mo°-thi°'-ka t8e-xe, pottery.
the head. Mo°-thi°'-ka zh.i°-ga. Little-earth.
mo°'-sho° su-be, a pinion. A personal name of the Crawfish
mo^-sho'-sho-dse, soft mud along the gens.
edges of a stream; dust or dusty, mo°-thi°'-ka zhu-dse, dirt or soil
mo^-sho'-sho-dse tha-tha bi a, you red; red clay.
are raising the dust. mc'-thi" o-u, begone.
mo°-8hta'-ha, slippery ground; wet mo°-thi"'-the, onward.
ground. mo°-thi°'-the. to go afoot; walking.
mc-shte kshe e-â'-thi-sho" bthe mo°-thi°'-bthe, I go afoot.
ha, I went via the south. mo-thi"'-ne, you go afoot.
mo°-shti"'-ge, the cottontail rabbit. mo°-thi°' the do" ts'e-ge, the sym-
This little animal figures in the bolic name, among the Osage, given
myths of the Osage. to the white pelican, life symbol
mo°-shti°' no"-ta-stse-e mo^-shti", — of the Ho"'-ga great tribal division.
rabbit; no°-ta, ears; stse-e, long: The translation of the name is:
long-eared rabbit; jack rabbit, he-who-becomes - aged - while - yet -
mo^-shti"' no°-ta-stse-e wi° a-ku- traveling.
dse ha, I shot a jack rabbit. rao°-thi"'-to°, the act of touching the
mo°-shto°', to steal. earth.
mo°-btho°, I stole, mo°-thi°'-xo-d3e, a prairie dog. (Om.
mo^-shno"', you stole. same.)
mo°'-8t8e, hot weather; a hot day. mo°-thi°'-xo-d8e wa-da-gthe, the
mo°-8t8e'wa-gthi°, it is very hot; burrowing owl; servant of the
very hot weather. prairie dog.
mo"'-ta-spu-tse, nock of an arrow; m.o"'-thi-stsu, an arrow straightener.
to put in position for shooting. It was a very important thing to
mo°'-tha-wa, the immature red-head- have the arrow true, so the In-
ed woodpecker. This bird is fre- dians kept them straight.
quently called the arrow counter, Mo°'-thiu-xe, Ground-cleared-of-
because when shot at with the grass. Personal name. Refers to
arrow by unskilled boys it would the bare ground around the home
dodge and act as though counting of the bear.
the shots. m.o°-tho°', to steal; filch; or rifle.
LA rLESCHE) OSAGE DICTIONARY 103
mi-tho'-to" wa-nc-bthe, dinner, rao°-xpi', cloud; cloudy.

mi-tho'-to" a-wa-no°-bthe, I had Mo°-xpi'-ino"-i°, Traveling-cloud.
dinner. Personal name.
mi-tho'-to° wa-tha-no"-bthe, you had mo°-zhi', I do not.
dinner. mo^'-zhi, a quiver. A quiver for
ino°'-thu-gthe-5e, the grooves made common use is made of dressed
in an arrow shaft. These waving buflfalo skin. The ornamental
grooves made in the arrow shafts ones were made of otter, puma, or
are explained by various writers to fox skins.
mean lightning or blood to run Mo'''-zhi-5ka-k'i°-ga-xthi, Slayer-of-
through, but the Omaha arrow the-warrior-with-the-white-quiver.
makers said that they were made Personal name.
to prevent the arrow shaft from ino°-zhi' i" da, I have not. (From a
bending or springing back into its ritual.)
imperfection when it had once rao'''-zhi°-ga u-zhi — mo°, bullet;
been straightened. zhi^-ga, small; u-zhi, load — single-
mo°' - thu - xtha - dse, arrow - shaft barrel shotgun.
polisher. This was made of sand- mc'-zhi tha-gthi°, the gray fox.
stone. The Osage used the skin of the
Mo°-to-e, The-earth. Personal name. gray fox for making quivers. The
ino°'-t8e, in the deepest of secret fox-skin quiver was ornamental as
places. well as The value put
useful.
mc-^se'-dse, a bank or precipice. upon a fox-skin quiver was equal
ino°-tse'-ta, inside; interior of any- to that of a horse.
thing. Mo°-zho°', Earth. Personal name.
rao°-t8e'-t;a-ha, inward; toward the Refers to the legend of descent
center. from sky to earth.
m,o°-t8e'--ta xtsi, inmost; innermost. mo^-zho"' (Om. same), earth; coun-
mo°-tu-û-be, a hummock. try; farm; world; land.
ino°-8tse u'-thi°-ge, sunstroke. mo"-zho°' a bi ge, the land became
mo"-stse u'-thu-thi°-ge, he had a dry.
sunstroke. Mc-zhc'-a-ki-da, Watches-over-
mc'-xe, the sky. the-land. Personal name.
mo"' - xe - a - gthe, Reaches - the - sky. Mo°-zho°'-a-ki-da ga-xa, at this
Personal name. Refers to the place a man died while in camp;
wind. the spot was named for him. It
mo°-xe' ki-the, an error; a departure was the site of the fifth camp of
from the truth without intention; the buffalo trail.
a mistake. mo°-zho°' a-p8he, a wanderer over

mo°-xe-a'-lj:i-the, I made a mistake, the earth; vagabond.
mo'i-xe'-tha-ki-the, you made a mis- Mo°-zho°-a'-8hi°-e, Travels-over-the-
take. land. Personal name.
mo°-xe' o°-lj;i-tha i, we made a mis- ino°-zho°-a'-ta, inland; away from the
take. water.
mo°'-xe tha-gthi°, a good sky; a ino°-zho° a'-t8i-gthe, to live on a
clear day. The unclouded sky is a farm; to erect a house on a farm.
symbol of peace. rao°-zho° a'-a-tsi-gthe, I live on a
mo°-xe'-the, to deceive; swindle; farm.
hoodwink; delude or defraud. mo°-zho° a'-tha-tsi-gthe, you live on
mo°-xe'-a-the, I deceived him. a farm.
mo°-xe'-tha-the, you deceived him. mo°-zho° o°'-ga-tsi-gtha i, we Hve on
mo"-xe o'-tha i ha, he swindled me. a farm.
mc-xe, thi-hi-dse, conjuring the sky. rao°-zh.o° be u-shko°-zhi, a wilder-
mc'-xi-ga, diflSdent; shy; modest. ness; a desert; uninhabited land.
104 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bI'LL. ISH)
mo"-zho" btho'-ga, the whole earth. mo°-zho"' u-da, lessee.
nio''-zho"'do"-be, to see the land; an mC-zho"' u-da wa-ga-shi-be, mon-

explorer. ey paid for rent.
Mo"-zho"'-d8i-<;i-gthe, Tracks-on- Mc-zhc'-u-ga-sho", Wanderer.
the-prairies. Personal name. Personal name. Refers to the buf-
Refers to the bear tracks. falo that roams over the ground.
mo°-zho"'-dsi ga-xthi, first to strike —
mo°-zho°' u-gthi", mo°-zho°, land;
while on the march (one of the u-gthi", occupy: tenancy.
o-do"). mC-zho"' u-gthi° thi°-ke mo°- —
Mo°' - zho" - dsi - i - on -
ta, Born - zho°, land; u-gthi°, occupy; thi°-
the-earth. Female personal name. ke, one who —
one-who-occupies-
mo"-zho'>' dsi u-tsi°, winning the land: a tenant.
honor of first to strike while on the mo°-zho°' u-gthi" a-ka wa-hio° bi
march (one of the six o-do"). tse, the tenant moved away.
Mo°'-zho"-ga-xe, Earth-maker. Per- mC-zho"' u-hc-ge, the horizon;

sonal name. Refers to the elk, the edge of the earth.
separating the waters from the mc-zho"' u-ki-ho°-ge, border of the
earth, making it habitable for the land; the frontier.
people. mo°-zho"' u-ki-ho°-ge, boundary
Mc-zhc'-ha-sho", Travels-above- lines of land.
the-earth. Personal name. mo"-zho"' u-shko°, active on the
mo°-zho°' hi ta bi thi°-kshe, a land they inhabit.
destination; at the end of a jour- —
mc-zho"' u-shpe mo^-zho", land;
ney. u-shpe, —
part land division: a
ino°-zho°' i-k'u-tse, one who looks section.
over the land; a surveyor. mo°-zho°' u-shpe he-be we-bthi° wi"
mo°-zho°' i-k'u-tse the a-gi-shi-be i" ha, I sold a section of land.
do, I paid the surveyor. mo°-zho° u-to"'-ga, the earth when
ino°-zho°' i-ta-bi, the land that is it is the greatest in its fruitfulness.
theirs. The season when all fruits are ripe.

nio°-zho"' ko"-ha, the edge of the mo"-zho''' u-wa-k'i, lease; lessor.
land; horizon. mo°-zho"' wa-gthe-ge, maps; charts;
Mo°-zho°'-op-she-wi°, Woman-who- plats.
travels - over - the - earth. Female mo°-zho°' wa-shpe-e-zhi, home-
personal name. stead.
mo°-zho"' sliko", earthquake. mc-zho"' wa-tha-da-bi, a mile.
mc-zho" sho"-e'-go°, verily the mo°-zho°' we-k'u-tse —mc-zho",
whole world. land; we-k'u-tse, measure: an acre.
ino°-zho° the ga-ha, native of this mo°-zho"'wi-ta wa-we-ta wa-gthe-
land. §e o°'i bi a, I have a title to my
mo"-zho"' thi^-kshe ni-ka-shi-a land.
thi°-ge ga-xa, to depopulate; to ino"-zho°'-xe, onions; garlic. Garlic
unpeople the land. was plentiful on the prairies, but
mo''-zho"'-thi-xu, landmark; any- until the Indians saw white men
thing to serve as a guide along a using it for food they did not use
road. it because its odor was offensive.
mo°-zho°'-thi-xu kshe, the outline. mo°-zho°'-xe o^-tha-gthi", I like

rao°-zho"' tho° a-gi-ko»-btha ha, I onions,
reclaimed my land. mo^-zhon'-xe thi-tha-gthi" a, do you
mo"-zho°' tho" o-xta, the land is like onions?
valuable. mo^'-zhu, a quiver. The fine quivers
rao°-zho°'-to", landholder; land- of the Osage Tribe were made of
owner. gray fox and otter skin. The com-
Mo°-zho"'-u-5ko°-5ka, Center-of-the- mon quivers were made of buffalo
earth. Personal name. skin.
N
ni (Om. same), water; river; rivulet; ni-ba'-btha-xe — ba-btha-
ni, water;
creek, xe, ripples; the ripples ofthe sur-
ni, to exist; to live, face of a stream caused by the
a-ni'e tho, I live, wind, or by a beaver or other
tha-ui' e tho, you live. animal swimming across. In
o°-ni' bi a tho, we live, some of the tribal rituals the rip-
ni, sap, the water that courses through ples caused by the swimming of
the various parts of a tree or other the beaver are mentioned as sym-
plants. bolizing old age; the furrows on
ni'-a-ba-ta, a dam such as a beaver the brow of an aged man.
builds, Ni-btha'-gka, Flat water, Platte
zha-be ni'-a-ba-ta, a beaver dam. River, Nebr.
Ni'-a-bi, Female
Permitted-to-live. Ni'-gka, White River. Little Osage
personal name. Refers to the River (Mo.).
fawn which the hunter allows to Ni-ska'-tho°-§ka, Place between two
rivers, now called Beaver Creek.
escape,
Also Tse no°-ga kchi-xa bi, where
ni' a-ga-gi-ge, to sprinkle water on
some object,
a fence was built as a protection
against the buffalo who would
ni a-a-ga-Qi-ge, I sprinkle water,
break into camp. This was the
ni a-tha-ga-gi-ge, you sprinkle water.
sixth camping place in the second
ni a'-ga-ha, on the surface of the
buffalo trail.
water,
Ni'-gka u-thi-zh.o°-ka tse, the con-
ni-a'-gtha-gtha e, to limp; walk
fluence of the Osage and Little
lame,
Osage Rivers. Sometimes called
ni-a'-a-gtha-gtha, I limp,
Mi'-xa-gka u-tsi, where white swan
ni'-a-tha-gtha-gtha, you limp.
are plentiful.
ni-a'-ko°, same as ni a'-ko'^-gthe.
ni-ski'-the, salt. The Osage knew
ni-a'-ko" gthe, the windpipe.
—
ni-a'-nio°-thi° ni, water; a-mo°-
salt and the use of it long before
the coming of the white man. They
thi", walks on. The name given
knew the salt springs and the
to the water strider by the Osage;
places where rock salt could be
this bug figures in the origin myth.
obtained.
ni-gki'-the ga-gi, hard salt (rock).
ni-a'-ni-o", a disagreeable skin afi'ec-
Ni-§ki'-the ga-shki bi, the name of
tion: eczema,
the places where the Osage supply
ni'-a-shi-ga a-mi-xe xtsi a-ki-pa a-
themselves with rock salt. This
hi bi a, a great throng met him.
was the nineteenth and final stop
ni, juice;the juice of fruit.
in the first buffalo trail.
ni a'-tha-do°, receding of the waters.
Ni-§ki'-the ga-xa, Salt Creek, near
mo"'-ki-5i°-dse tsi-the do° a'
the town of what is now known as
ni' a-tha-do° i-he-the to" a.
Fairfax, Okla. This was the
He threw himself upon the waters. seventh camp of the first trail.
And the waters receded. (From a ritual.)
Ni-^ki'-the u-gu u-gtho°, Salt-low-
ni'-a-xe-xe, shallow rapids. laud-forest; salt plains. The peo-
Ni'-a-xe-xe shku-be, Deep Ford. At ple gathered large quantities of
this place there was a bad crossing. salt (rock) at this place. This was
The location was near what is the fourteenth camp of the first
now the cemetery of Pawhuska, buffalo trail.
Okla. This was the sixth camp Ni-5kiu'-e ga-shki bi, cutting of
of the first trail. Rock Salt River; Cimarron River.
ni-ba'-ge, land out of water. {See On this river the Osage pounded
ni-u'-tho" da.) rock salt.
Ni-skiu'-e ga-xa, Salt Branch, branch ni'-do°, a flood; the overflowing of a

of the Verdigris River; Onion stream; a freshet.
Creek, Kans. be-do° the thu ni-do°' bi a, we had
Ni-skiu'-e ga-xa, Salt Creek; Buck a freshet this spring.
Creek, Okla. ni-dc'-ga-xa, driftwood.
Ni-skiu'-e to°-ga, Big Salt River. ni-do"' ^c-ga, great flow of water:
The name by which the Osage deluge.

called Salt Fork of the Arkansas ni'-dse, haunch; body.
River. ni'-dse, the lower part of the back;
Ni-sko°'-ska ga-xe, Middle Creek. the hips.
The name by which the Osage ni'-dse-si to°-&a — ni-dse-gi, yellow
called Beaver Creek, Okla. rump; to°-ga, big: bumblebee.
Ni-sko°'-ska ^c-wo", name given to ni'-dse-gthe-se hi, posterior striped;
Arkansas City by the Osage. refers to the acorn.
ni-sni', a spring of cold water. ni'-dse ta-be, baU-hke rumps.
ni-sni'te shta-ge, a stagnant spring. ni'-dse wa-spe wi-gi-e, Ritual used
ni'-da, elephant. The bones of great at the Installation of a widow.
animals were frequently found in This ritual is divided into three
banks by the people of this tribe, parts; the first part belongs to the
the Osage, which they indiscrimi- I^-gtho'^-ga (Puma) gens and the
nately called by this name. When Wa-ga-be (Black Bear) gens of the
they saw the elephant in a circus Ho°'-ga subdivision; the second
they appHed this name to it. part to the Wa'-tse-tsi gens of the
ni da'-ka-dse, hot water; boiling Wa-zha'-zhe subdivision; and the
water. third part to the E-no"' Mi°-dse-
ni'-da-ka-dse e-dsi-gthe, The Hot to" gens of the Wa-zha-zhe subdivi-
Water ceremony. This ceremony sion. This ritual has reference to
was performed in the Mourning the woman who
is to be installed,
rite and its purpose is explained and as it is from her that all
by Xu-tha'-wa-to^-i" as follows: sources of life spring, aU references
"It sometimes happens that one to the destruction of life are
or more of the men who volunteer avoided.
to act as Do-do °'-ho°-ga for their ni-dse'-wa-the, that is of the water;
gentes have not taken the Ni'-ki-e garter snake.
degree of the war rites, an act ni'-dsi, to go and fetch water.
necessary to make them eligible ni'-dsi bthe ha, I go to fetch water,
for the position. In order to ob- ni'-dsi ne ha, you go to fetch water.
viate this deficiency and to make ni'-dsi-da, horse mint (Monarda);
each man eligible for the oflBce of used by the Osage for perfume.
Do-do "'-ho °-ga the ceremonies of ni'-dsi wa-tho°, Songs of the Water.
the Ni'-^:i-e degree are performed By some these are spoken of as J
in a modified abbreviated form to ni-thi'-tse wa-tho°. Songs of Cross- |
*
serve as a sort of initiation to these ing the River, because when the
candidates. men of a war party had to cross a
ni'-da-ka-dse i-da-xthi", a burn large river they sang these songs
from boiling water; a scald, as an appeal to the Supernatural
ni'-da-ka-dse o°-tho" da-xthi" ha, I for aid that they might reach the
am scalded, other side in safety. These are J
da-ta-dse i-thi da-xthi° a(?) are
ni' the Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge version, fj
you scalded? The first five songs of this group

ni'-da-pa, round water; a pond. of six refer to the symbohc paint-
ni'-da-stsu-e, lukewarm; warm water. ing of the faces and body when <\
—
riSSCHB] OSAGE DICTIONARY 107
ni'-dsi —
wa-tho" continued. ni'-hi, you frightened an animal (made
attending ceremonies of the tribal it its hiding place).
leave
rites; in the sixth the four sym- ni'-hi-dse pa-gthe, you reduced the
bolic animals appeal for Super- price of an article.
natural aid. ni-hni', water cold; a spring or well.
ni'-dsu-ba ô°-btha, I want some ni-hni'-bo-shta, two springs not far
water, from each other, one clear and
ni'-e, an ache; a pain. sweet, the other black and bitter.
we'-thi-xthi c-ni-e ha, my head A strange feature in connection
aches, with these springs was that there
we'-thi-xthi thi-ni-e ha, your head was a peculiar movement that
aches. caused the Indians to call them
o°-ni'-e, I have pain, shooting springs. This was the
thi-ni-e, you have pain, final camp of the second bufifalo
ni-e' i-gda-the, a salve; a medicine trail.
for healing; vaseline; ointment, ni-hni' ino°-zho°-ta ni-hni', cold —
ni-e' i-5da-the de-ba o°-ti o, give me water; mo°-zho°, land; ta, of the
some salve. cold-water-of-the-land a spring. :
ni-e' i-gda-the du-ba o°-ki o, give ni'-i-bi-se, to be thirsty for water.

me some vaseline. ni'-o°-tho°-bi-5e, I am thirsty for
ni'ga-btha-xe, a wave or waves driven water,
by the wind. you are
ni'-i-thi-bi-ge, thirsty for
ni'-ga-5i-ge, to splash water, water.
ni'-a-gi-ge ha, I splash water, ni'-i-gi-gi-ge ga-xe, to make water
ni'-tha-gi-ge ha, you splash water. unfit for use by pollution; to make
ni'-o°-ga-5i-ga i, we splash water, water unclean,
ni'ga shko", disturbing of the waters. ni'-i-gi-gi-ge pa-xe, I made the water
(From a ritual.) unclean.
ni'-ga-shpo°, water soaked. {See ni'-i-Qi-5i-ge shka-xe, you made the
shpo^-the.) water unclean,
ni-ga'-to-xe, to splash water with the ni'-i-gi-gi-ge o^-ga-xa i, we made the
hands. water unclean.
Ni-ga'-xu-e, Roaring-waters. Per- ni' i-tha-ô" (Om. same), cup; mug;
sonal name. Refers to the waters drinking glass; tankard.
disturbed by herds of bufifalo ni i'-thi-ge, a pump.
crossing a stream. ni i'-thi-ge te dse ni a-pi pi ha, I
ni'-ga-xe, to save the life of a man or went to the pump for water.
woman; to spare a life, ni'-ka, man.
ni'-pa-xe, I saved his life, ni-ka' a-ba wa-mc-thi" a-tha bi
ni'-shka-xe, you saved his life, a, the men marched away.
ni o°'-ga-xa i, we saved his life. ni'-ka a-ka ka-wa to° a-gthi" bi a,
ni'-ga-xto", to pour water; to spill the man rode the horse.
water, ni'-ka a-ka ô°-ga bi a, the man is
ni' a-xto°, I spill water, large.

ui' tha-xto", you spilled water, Ni'-ka-a-ki-ba-no°, Runs-to-meet-
ni' o^-ga-xto" i, we spilled water, men. Personal name.
ni-gthu'-se, watery; like soft mush, ni'-ka a-no^-bthi-shto", I am ma-
ni'-ha, algae, a green, red, and brown ture.
plant found in both sea and fresh ni-ka' ga-be — ni-â, man; ga-be, black:
water; commonly called kelp or negro.
seaweed. Belongs to the Thallo- ni-ka' -ga-be wa-ga-xtho°, a negro
phyla family. servant.
67025—32 8
108 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 10«
ni-ka' â-e wa-k'o, a negro woman; ni'-ka-shi-ga a-mi-xe — ni'-â-shi-ga,

a uegress. people; a-mi-xe, pile on top of each
ni-ka ?a-e \Ta-k'o wi" u-ho° ki-the other; a mob.
a-bthi°, I have a negress for a ni'-ka-shi-ga ga-ni — ni'-ka-shi-ga,
cook, people; ga-ni, all: the public,
ni-lja' Qd-e wa-k'o wi° u-ho" ki-the ni-ka-shi-ga e-go°, human; mankind,
a-iii a, have a negress cook?
3ôu ni'-ka-shi-ga e-zhi, stranger.
ni'-ka-Qi-gi-do" bi a, a vigorous man. ni'-lja-shi-ga e-zhi bthi° ha, I am a
ni'-ka-5ko"-cka, a middle-aged man. stranger.
Ni'-ka-gtu-e, Gathering-of-men. Per- ni'-ka-shi-ga ga-xe— ni'-â-shi-ga,
sonal name. person or man; ga-xe, to make of
ai'-ka do"-he, a grandee; good man; him: to personify.
illustrious; a hero; distinguished; ni'-ka-shi-ga hiu bi a, many people,
a prosperous man; a man honored ni'-ka-shi-ga i-gi-wa-the, a desper-
by his people. ado; one who has no regard for
ni'ka dsa-pa, a dwarf. the law.
ni'-ka du-ba i-pshe, men pass by. ni'-ka-shi-ga i-gi wa-the-the o-
ni'-ka-i-Qi wa-the, a villain; a de- bthi"-geha, I caught the villain,
testable man. ni'-ka-shi-ga i-mo°-the, the other of
Ni'-ka-i-§i- wa-the, Hated-man. Per- the two persons going.
sonal name. Refers to the aggres- ni'-ka-shi-ga i-nio°-thi"-kshe, the
sive character of this gens. other of two persons sitting.
ni'-ka i-thi-gthc, fondness for men. ni'-ka-shi-ga —
pi-zhi ni'-ka-shi-ga,
ni'-ka i-wa-thc, songs of the sayings man; pi-zhi, bad: man-bad
of the ancient men. The title of ruflSan.
the first degree of the Osage tribal ni'-ka-shi-ga the be-go°-tha e-wa-
rites. Sometimes Ni'-^ no°-k'o°, tha-zhi, the man is undesirable,
Hearing the sayings of the ancient ni'-ka-shi-ga thi'^-ke mc'-ge-gka
men. thi'i-ge, the man is a pauper,
ni'-ka kshe, the man is lying on the ni'-ka-shi-ga u-no°-zhi°, persons
ground. reflected in another's eyes.
ni'-ka no" thi-shto°, one who has ni'-ka-shi-ga u-thu-to" bi a, an
reached the age of manhood; upright man.
mature age; majority. ni'-ka-shi-ga u-tsi, a village or
ni'-ka o"-thi°-ge, I have no man; country full of people; a populous
I am a widow. country.
ni'-ka-o-ta-5a, a handsome man. ni'-lj:a-shi-gawa-ba-ko" e- wa-the,
ni'-ka-shi-ga, a people. A ritual term. a rascal; a bad man; one who
ni'-ka-shi-ga a-ba she u-thu-to° provokes anger by his bad conduct.
ba-zhi i ha, the man is unreliable. ni'-ka-shi-ga wa-hi, the bones of a
ni'-ka-shi-ga a-ba u-shki-ga bi a, man; the skeleton of a human
an unprincipled man. being,
ni'-ka-shi-ga a-ba wa-xpa-thi° bi ni'-ka-shi-ga wa-ho-k'a, a youth; the
a-tha, the people are poverty youth; the young men and women
stricken. of a tribe,
ni'-ka-shi-ga a-ga-ha takshe, people ni'-ka-shi-ga wa-ko"-tha a-ba
of the outside; the uninitiated; the a-ba-â ga-ta-tha bi a, the
laity. enemy broke the stockade.
ni'-ka-shi-ga a-ka dsa-pa bi a, he is ni'-ka-shi-ga wa-shko" to"ga bi a,
short. he is a strong man.
ni'-ka-shi-ga a-ka o-tho-to" ba-zhi ni'-ka-shi-ga thi^-ke wa-no"-pe
i ha, the man is wicked. pa-xe, I terrified him.
.
ni'-ka-shi-ga thi"-ke tha-k'e'-a-the, ni nio"-shki'-8hki-ge, a swamp;

my sympathy is for the man who swampy,
sufiFers. ni-ni'-ba zho°, pipestem wood; Wa-
ni'-ka-shi-ga thi°-ke tha-k'e-tha-the, hoo bush, commonly known as
your sympathy is for the man who Burning Bush (Euonymus atropur-
suffers. purea)
ni'-ka-shi-ki-the, to cause them- ni-ni'-ga-hi, kinnikinnick; a leaf
selves to live as human beings. mixed with tobacco.
Ni' -ka-shi-tsi-the, Persons-passing- ni'-no°-5i-g8, the spattering of water.
by. Female personal name. ni-a'-no"-gi-ge, I spattered the water.
ni'-ka-thi°-ge, a woman who has lost ni-tha'-no°-9i-ge, you spattered the
her husband by death; a widow. water.
Among the Osage a widow remains ni-o"-no°'-5i-ga i, we spattered the
as such for a period of two years, water,
during which time she mourns for ni-o"', breath.
her husband. For ceremony and ni-o"' a-ka, he breathes.
conditions relative to a second —
ni-o"' a-no"-5e ni-o", breath; a-no"-
marriage see o-mi'-ho". ge, to check or to stop; to stifle;
ni'-ka-tha-no°-st8i-shto", you are to suffocate; to smother,
mature. ni-o"' a-thi-no°-Qe, you smother,
Ni'-ka-tho"-ba, Two-men. Personal ni-o" wa-no°-§a i, we smother.
name. ni-o"'-gthu-5e (Om. same), the respi-
ni'-ka to° tha-gi-shi-be, you paid the ration of breath; a sigh.
man. ni'-o"-th.o"-bi-5e, to drain.
ni'-ka ts'e-ga, a simpleton; a weak- ni'-o°-tho°-pi-5e, I drained.
minded person. ni'-o°-tho°-shpi-5e, you drained it.
ni'-ka u-kc-gka, a man who has ni'-we-a-bi-5a i, we drained it.
attained middle life. ni o°-tho° ga-tse, I strangled on

Ni'-ka wa-ga-e, Ho! ye who are my water.
comrades. (Introduction in for- ni-o"' thu-ts'a-ge, to be unable to
mal address.) breathe; difficult j' of breathing:
ni'-ka wa-gi-Qi-ge, a valorous man. asthma.
Ni'-ka- wa-da-i"-ga, Playful-man. ni-o"'u-zho°-ge, the path of the
Personal name. breath; the windpipe.
ni'-ka wax-ka'-da-zhi, great man; ni' o"-wo°-ta-thi°, they become ex-
prominent man. hausted before I do.
Ni'-ka-wa-zhi°-to°-ga, Man-of -great- ni o-sho'-de, the water is smokj' with
courage. Personal name. mud.
ni'-ka xo-be, the holy man. ni-shku-shku, the sand martin, or
Ni'-ka zhu-dse, Pted man; Indian. bank swallow. The swallow is one
ni'-ke-dsi, at the river or the water. of the lifesymbols of the Ni'-ka
Ni'-ki-ô°-ga, Great Words of the wa-ô°-da-gi gens of the Osage.
Ancient (old) People. The swallow is believed to be as-
ni'-ko°-ha, edge of the water. sociated with the clouds and
Ni'-ki-wa-tho°, Songs of the Ancient thunder. It is most active when
People. Sometimes called Ni'-ki- a storm approaches,
no°-k'o°, Hear the Words of these ni-shku'-shku, a swallow. A symbol
People. of the Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge gens.
ni'-mo", to swim. {Sec hi-tha'.) ni'-o-sho-dse (Om. same), smoky,
a-ni'-mo", I swim. muddy, turbid, and roily water.
tha-ni'-mo°, you swim. ni-pa'-ha-i-the, to drown; drowned,
o°-ni'-mo° i, we swim. ni-pa'-ha i-bthe, I drowned,
ni'-mC-ho", a marsh; marshy land. ni-pa'-ha i-stse, you drowned,
ni-mo"-i°, to live. ni-pa'-ha o°-ga i a-tha i, we drowned.
ni te shta'-ge ha, the water is tepid. ni-u'-ba-xi, to douse; to duck; to

Ni-sho'-dse (Om. Ni-shu-de), Smoky push into the water,
River; the name given the Mis- ni-u'-pa-xi, I push into the water,
souri River because of the smoky ni-u'-shpa-xi, you push into the
or muddy appearance. water.
Ni-sho'-dse to"-wo'', the name given ni-o°-gu'-ba-xi i, we push into the
to Kansas City, Mo., by the Osage. water.
ni'-sho"-sho"-e, life sentence. ni-u'-bi-do°, to dip; to immerse; to
ni'-sho^-shc-e a-gi-tha da bi a, he plunge into water.
viâs given a life sentence. niu'-pi-do°, I plunged into the water,
Ni'-tha-gthi°, Good water. This niu'-shpi-do", you plunged into the
stream passes by the railroad sta- water.
tion of the same name. It is the niu-o°-gu-bi-do", we plunged into the
site of the fifth camp in the first water.
buffalo trail. It is also the name ni-u-5a'-gi, the strongest flow of water
given by the Osage to Nilogony in a stream; the body of a river.
Creek, ni-u'-ga-hi-tha, flow of water; a tor-

rent; a current; the flow of a
ni'-tha-xtho-dse, choke with water.
(Om. ni'-tha-xtho-de.) stream,
ni'-tha-ô", to drink water. ni-u' ga-xthi i-ha tse, known to the
ni'-btha-to°, I drink water.
Osage Indians as the mouth of an
island: a peninsula.
ni'-shna-to°, you drink water.
ni-u-gi'-pi, full of water, said of a
ni-o°'-tha-to" i, we drink water.
juicy fruit.
ni'-the, to exterminate; to destroy
to°'-dse ni u-gi'-pi, the plum is full
utterly; annihilate.
of juice.
wa-zhi°'-ga ga-ni ni-«,-wa-the ha, I
niu'-gthu-Qe, to sigh; to breathe deep,
destroyed all the birds.
niu'-a-gthu-ge, I sigh,
ni'-the, topermit to live. When niu'-tha-gthu-ge, you sigh.
captives are brought thein, it is
niu'-i-xa-xa, rushing waters; rapids.
Tsi-zhu Wa-shta-ge gens that
makes the decision as to which one
ni-u'lj:i-gtha-ts'i" —
ni, water; î,
one's self; u-gtha-ts'i", from u-ga'-

may live. {See da-gthe.)
ts'i°, to peep or peer into: to-peer-
ni'-the, to spend money; to give away at-one's-self-in-the-water— a i r- m
one's own possessions, till all are
ror.
gone,
Ni-u'-ki-thi-zho°-ka tse. The Forks,
ni'-a-gi-the, I spend,
the confluence of the Osage and
ni'-tha-gi-the, you spend. the Little Osage Rivers.
ni'-o°-gi-tha i, we spend.
Ni'-u-ko°-ska (Wa-zha-zhe), the an-
ni'-thi-bi-Qe, to drain,
cient name of the Wa-zha'-zhe and
ni'-bthi-pi-ge, I drained it.
signifies they of the mid-waters.
ni'-shni-bi-ge, you drained it.
Wa-tse'-tsi, also of the Wa-zha'-zhe,
ni'-o^-thi-bi-ga i, we drained it.
signifies they who came from the
ni'-to°, you touched it with your hand, stars; both belong to the same
ni'-ts'a-the, sour water; vinegar. gens. This information was given
Vinegar was not known to the by Wa-tse'-mo°-i°,
Osage before the white man came niu'-mo°-thi°, walking in the water,
in contact with them. niu'-mo^-bthi", I am walking in the
niu, to utter a cry. water.
Ni'-u-ba-shu-dse, Muddies-the-wa- niu'-mo°-ni, you are walking in the
ter. Personal name. Refers to water.
the mud stirred up by fish as they niu'-o°-mo°-thi° i, we are walking
move in the bottom of a stream. in the water.
ni u'-ta thi°, shall become exhausted. ni-xthu'-zhi, quiet water; placid;

(From a ritual.) peaceful.
ni-u'-tha-thu-zhe, to gargle, ni-xu'-dse, external opening of the ear.
ni-u'-btha-thu-zhe, I gargled, ni-zhiu', rain.
ni-u'-shta-thu-zhe, j-ou gargled. ni-zhiu'ba i-da-be, rain and snow
ni-o°-gu'-tha-thu-zha i, we gargled, mixed; sleet.
ni-u'-thi-bthi, an eddy; the whirling Ni-zhiu'-ga-ge, Violent-rain. Per-
motion of water; the vortex. sonal name.
ni-u-thi'-xa-xa, the shallows of a ni-zhiu'-gi-k'o°, sunshine after a
river where the water rushes shower.
noisily over the rocks. Ni zhiu' mo" i°, Traveling rain.
- - - -
ni-u'-tho°-da, an island. (Compare Personal name.

ni-ba'-ge.) Ni-zhiu'-tC-ga, Big-rain. Personal
niu'-thu-btha-ge, placid water,
ni-u'-thu-ga, the channel, ni-zhiu wa'-gthi" bi a-tho, it is
—
ni u'-thu-ga-to" ni, water; u-thu- raining very hard.
ga-to°, with which to dip: a ni-zhiu' wa-tho°, Rain Songs. There
dipper, are four songs in this group; the
ni'-u-thu-zhu, a pitcher; glass water firsttwo are identical and refer to
pitcher. the mystery of the clouds as they
Ni-u to°-ga, Big water, the Osage rise from the horizon; in the third
name for the Mississippi River, song the beauty of the clouds is
ni'-u-tsi, juicy. referred to as they vary in color;
Ni-u'-tsi-gthe, Rumbling-in-the-dis- and the fourth song expresses awe
tance. Personal name. Refers to in the mind of the warrior as the
the low rumbling of thunder in an colors change into angry turmoil
approaching storm. and sweep through the sky. These
Ni'-u-zhu, Main River; Neosho River, songs are a version of the Tsi'-zhu
ni'-wa-ga-xe, the name of the officer Wa-shta-ge gens.
who has the authority to decide as ni-zhiu' xo-dse, gray rain; drizzle.
to whether a captive shall live or ni-zhu' a-ka thi-shto° a-ka o, the
not. rain has stopped.
Ni'-wa-the, Giver-of-life. Personal Ni zho'-i-ga-tha, name of the gens fn
name. Refers to the authority of the Wa-zha'-zhe division in whose
those who permit a captive to live. keeping is the Wi-gi-e of the Water
ni'-wa-tse, it is cold. of Life.
ni'-wa-tse i-gi-ha, cold; rigors of the ni-zhu'-a-xa-ge, toad —-ni-zhu, rain;
winter weather; severity of the a-xa-ge, cries for rain.
weather.
Ni-zhu'-dse, Red River; the Arkansas
ni'we-k'u-tse, a quart, liquid measure,
River. The site of the eighth
ni'-xe, waterfalls.
camp of the first trail near a creek
Ni'-xe, Water Falls, a tributary to
called Mi°-kshe-5ka.
Cowskin Creek. (Shoemaker's
Ni' zhu-dse btha-tha, Wide River;
MS. calls it FaUs Hord Mill.)
Canadian River, Okla.
ni'-xe-be, shallow water.
ni'-zhu-dse ko^-dse, the sand plum.
Ni'-xe ga-xa, Falls Creek, near Caney,
what is now known as Elgin, Kans. Ni zhu'-dse i-ta-ta, beyond the
Also Gthe-do°-wi" zhi°-ga u-gu, a Arkansas River.
grove where Gthe-do°-wi° zhi°-ga Ni' zhu-dse To°-ga, Big Red River.
(Little Hawk Woman) camped. This is the name given to the
This was the fourth camping place Arkansas River by the Osage.
in the second buffalo trail. ni-zhiu' xu-ta, a gray, fine, misty
ni-xo'-dse, ashes. rain.
ni-xo'-dse we-u-zhi, flask; powder ni-zhiu' zhi°-ga, a small rain; a
flask. shower.
112 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull, ino
Ni zhu'-dse zhi"-ga, Little Arkansas no"-ba'-xo — continued.

River. This was the ninth camp ho"-be'-ko" a-no"-ba'-xe, I broke my
of both the first and second buffalo moccasin string.
krail. ho"-be'-ko° tha-no "-ba'-.xe, you broke
ni-zhu'-ha, hair of the head. (See your moccasin string.
pa-xi°.) ho"-be'-lj:o° o"-no"-ba'-xa i, we broke
no", does. our moccasin strings.
no°, lo! no "-be', the hand,
no", an adult. no^'-be ba-ha, showing the hand, as
ni'-lja-shi-ga thi°-ke no" hi-a-ho", when taking an oath.
the person has grown to be an No"-be-5i, Yellow-hands. Personal
adult, name. Refers to the yellow feet
no", usually; customarily. of the eagle.
pa'-ge hi-lj;i o"-ga-gthe no" i ha, we no"-be' hi wi-ta no"-be hi tha bi
usually go home in the evening, tho° shki, and when they make
no", look you. my hands to be their hands. An
no°, the. expression frequently used by the
no", to grow; to age; to mature, Osage in rituals.
she'-mi zhi"-ga to" no" a-ho°, the no "'-be i-sdo-ge tse, the right hand.
girl has growp up. no"'-be tha-ta tse, the left hand.
a-no"' a-tha, I have grown to ma- no°-be' thi-gki-ge, hand folded; the
turity, fist.
tha-no"' a-tha, you have grown to no°-be' thi-gki-ge i-tha'-tsi" ha, I

maturity. struck him with the fist,
o»-no" bi a tha i, we have grown to no "-be' thi-gki-ge i'-tha-tsi" ha, you

maturity. struck him with the fist.
no"-a'-ki-gtha-sho", to upset with no"-be'-u-thi-xtha — no°-be, finger;
the foot. u-thi-xtha, to thrust into —to-
lja'-zhi°-ga a-ka
ne-xe ni-u-zhi te thrust-finger-into: a ring.
no°-a'-ki-gtha-sho" i ha, httle no"-be' u-tho"-da— no"-be, hand; u'-
brother has upset the bucket of tho"-da, center:the center of the
water. hand; the palm of the hand.
a-no"'-a-ki-gtha-sho°, I upset it with
no"-be u-zhi"'-ga, the little finger.
my foot,
No"-be'-wa-ko"-da, Mysterious-hand.
tha-no "'-a-ki-gtha-sho", you upset it
Mythical personal name.
with your foot.
no"'-be zha-ta, cloven hand. (From
o"-no"'-a-lji-gtha-sho° i, we upset it
the Crawfish ritual.)
with our feet.
no"-a'-pe, I am afraid. no"-btha'-5e, to tear one's trousers
sho"-ge to" no"-a-pe ha, I am afraid by kicking.
of the dog. a-no°'-btha-5e, I tore my trousers,
no"-a'-p'i", I wear around my neck.

it
tha-no °-btha-ge, you tore your trou-
sers.
no"-ft'-p'i" ta mi°-ke ha, I wear this
(necklace) around my neck. no"-btha'-5ka, to flatten out by tread-
no"-tha'-p'i" ta-te ha, you wear the ing upon.
(necklace) around your neck. a-no"'-btha-5ka, I flattened it by
—
no°-ba'-da no°-ba, two; da, born — treading on it.
born two: twins. tha-no "'-btha-gka, you flattened it
No°-ba'-mo"-thi", Two-walking. by treading on it.
Personal name. Refers to two no°'-bthe, to eat; to consume.

buffalo walking side by side. a-wa-no"'-bthe, I eat.
no"-ba'-xe, to break a cord with the wa-tha-no"'-bthe, you eat.
feet; the breaking of a moccasin o"-wo"'-no°-btha i, we eat.
string. no°'-bthe tha-gthi", edible.
nc-bthi'-zhe, to kick one over on the no"'-5o"-de, to dodge; to get out of

ground. the way of some object.
a-uo^'-btlii-zhe, kicked him over.
I a-uo"'-50"-de, I dodged.
tha-no°'-bthi-zhe, you kicked him tha-no"'-go"-de, you dodged.
over. o"-no»'-QO"-da i, we dodged.
nc^'-ga, iutreuchment. There is a no°'-§po", to nudge with the foot to
place near Arkansas City which attract attention.
the Osage call Tse-no^-ga kchi- a-no"'-5po", I nudged with my foot.
xa-bi, The Buffalo lutrenchmeut. tha-no"'-Qpo", you nudged with your
The Osage thought they were foot.
being attacked by some hostile o"-no"'-5po° i, we nudged with our
warriors and hastily built the feet.
intrenchment, but soon found that no"-5ta'-ge, trample down; crush the
it was a stampeding herd of
buffalo that was rushing madly a'-uo"-5ta-ge, I trampled it down.
toward them. This was long be- tha'-no"-5ta-ge, you trampled it
fore there were any white people
down.
in the country.
o"-no"-gta-ga i, we trampled it
no"-sa'-da, to stretch anything with down.
the foot, as one stretches a tight
no"-su-e, sound made by footsteps,
pair of moccasins.
as when going through the grass,
a-no°'-5a-da, I stretched it with my
either by men or horses.
foot.
no"-5u'-ge, tramped to the earth, so
tha-nc'-ga-da, you stretched it with
that the object pointed in the
your foot.
direction where the trail led.
o°-no'''-ea-da i, we stretched it with
the foot.
no°-da'-ts'e-ga, to cause green corn
or other vegetables to wither by
ho "-be' a-gi-no°-5a-da, I stretch my
moccasins by wearing them. walking upon them.
ho "-be' tha-gi-no"-5a-da, you stretch no"-da'-zhi, to stamp out a fire.
your moccasins by wearing them. a-no"'-da-zhi, I stamped out the fire.
no"-sa-th.u, to jingle, as bells. tha-no"'-da-zhi, you stamped out the

no"-§a'-thu, the rattling of the grass fire.
by the feet of the traveler. o"-no"'-da-zhi i, we stamped out the

no"-s©', to eut, as grass, very short;
to mow. no"-do'-ka, to get moccasins wet by
a-uo"'-ge, I cut the grass short. wearing them in the rain,
tha-no"'-ge, you cut the grass short. a-no^'-do-ka, I got my moccasins wet
o"-no"'-5a i, we cut the grass short. tha-uo°'-do-ka, you got your moc-
no"-ch.i'-se, rustling sound, as of casins wet.
leaves when walking through them. no"'-dse, the heart.
no"-si'-ge, lifting or kicking aside with nc'-dse, the back of the house; the
the foot. walls or sides.
no"-§i'-h.i, to scrape the foot clean no"'-dse a-shka, heart quickly moved;
before entering a house. quick to anger; a quarrelsome dis-
a-uo"'-gi-hi, I scraped my feet clean. position.
tha-no"'-5i-hi, you scrape your feet no"'-dse-ko", a vein passing through
clean. the heart.
o"-no"'-gi-hi i, we scrape our feet noo'-dse u-thi-5o"-ha, a shock to the
clean. heart; a scare; a fright: heart
no"-5i'-o", to skate. palpitates quickly.
no"-Qi'-o" mo°, I skated. no°-dse'-u-thi-xi", that which covers
uo°-5i'-o" zho", you skate. the heart; heart sac: the pericar-
no"-5i'-o" o" i, we skate. dium.
No^'-dse-wa-gpe, Quiet Hearts. The no»'-ho°, older person.

name of a group of Osage who no"'-ho°-zhi"-ga, old men. The title
became attached to a certain of a man who has been initiated
locality which they would never into the mysteries of the tribal
leave, but always remained there, rites.
being contented. no"-ho"'-zhi°-ga wa-thi" tsi* The
No^'-dse-wa-spe, Heart's contented. House of the no"-ho"-zhin-ga keep-
The name of the village from which er. From the earliest time there
the second buffalo trail started, was among the Osage a "House"
nc'-ge, to run; the running of a or place of gathering called by this
4-legged animal; to gallop. name. Here it was that the
a-no"'-ge, I galloped. No°-ho"'-zhi"-ga met every morn-
tha-no"'-ge, you galloped. ing, sometimes officially but more
o°-no"'-ga i, we galloped. often in an informal manner. At
no "'-ha, the bark of a tree. {See the informal gatherings the con-
zho"'-ha.) versations turned to matters of
no "'-ha — no", archaic word for wood; importance to the tribe, especially
ha, skin or bark: board, those that might become a menace
no"' -ha kshe bthe'-ka, the board is to the tribe. Some means would
thin. be brought about to overcome
no"'-ha-a-no"-]û-ge, a floor board or these evils. Those acts that
plank. tended to promote a friendly feel-
no"'-ha btha-Qka zhi"-ga, small flat ing or kindhness toward the people
boards; shingles. found hearty expression of ap-
no"'-ha btha-ska, a board; a plank, proval in this sacred "house."
no "'-ha btha-9ka a-a-pshe, I walked Often the "house" selected was
the plank, one whose owner was known by
no"' -ha btha-gka a-tha-sphe, you his valor, generosity, and hos-
walked the plank. pitality and who had won the
no"'-ha btha-k'a. {See no"' -ha.) esteem of all the people. The
no "'-ha bthi-xthu-dse, I pulled the keeper of this house where the
bark off. No°-ho"'-zhi"-ga made their home
no"'-ha-ga shto-e, stripping a tree of was known as No"-ho"'-zhi"-ga
its bark. wa-thi" tsi.
no "-ha' i-tsi, a bark lodge, no" i"-da, it is my habit. (From a
no "'-ha ke u-pa stse-ge, I spHt the ritual.)
board. no"'-ka, the back; the part of the
no"'-ha kshe bthe'-ka, the board is body from the shoulders to the
thin, hips.
no "'ha stsi-xthu-dse, you pulled the No"'-ka-a-ba-zha-â, Straddles-the-
bark off. back. Personal name. Refers to
no"'-ha-'t3i — no"-ha, bark; tsi, house: the packing of the buffalo meat on
a frame house. the backs of the horses after a
—
no "'-ha ^si i-ga-xe no"'-ha, bark; hunt.
^si, house; i, with which to; ga-xe, No"-ka-5ka, White-back. Female
—
make with-which-to-make-bark- personal name. the
Refers to
house: lumber, whitish color of the deer at certain
no"' -ha tsi i-ga-xe u-thi'-to"-tha u-gi'-
pi wi" bthi-wi" ha, I bought a No"'-â-d8i-wi", Woman-of-the-spine.
wagonload of lumber, Female personal name.
no "-hi', senility. no "-ka-gthe, a saddle. The horse and
no°-hi', reaches mature age. saddle were not known to the
no°-hi'-zhi, immature; not fully Osage until contact with Euro-
grown.
LA FLEaCHEl OSAGE DICTIONAKY 115
nc'-ka-gthe ga-xe— no°'-lja-gthe, a No°-ni' A-tha-sho-dse Wi'-gi-e,

saddle; ga-xe, to make, or the art Smoking Tobacco upon the Ani-
of making: a saddler; one skilled mal Skins ritual. In this cere-
in making saddles. mony there are two rituals; the
no°'-ka-gthe-pa, saddle head; the first is called Wa-k'o^-gi Thu-ge
pommel. Pe-tho°-ba tse, The taking of the
no°'-ka-ko°, tenderloin. Seven Animals. In this ritual a
no°'-ka o°-he, length of the back or description is given of the manner
spine. in which the smoke is blown on the
nc'-ka-she, you who are sitting there. skin of the animal chosen as a
No°'-ka-to-ho, Blue-black. Person- symbol; the second ritual is called
al name. Refers to the raccoon Wa-k'o°-5i Thu-ge Sha-pe tse,
skin used in ceremonies, The taking of the Six Animals.
nc-ko'-ge, a thud, as of stamping the In this mention is made of the
foot. symbols to be used, but two of the
no"-k'o°', to hear, six are not animals as the name
a-no^'-k'o", I hear. implies, one being the little pipe
tha-no°'-lj;'o°, you hear. and the other buffalo hair.
o°-no°'-]jo° i, we hear. nc-ni' a-tha-shu-dse wi-gi-e, Ritu-
no°-k'o"' wa-kshi-the, to give notice al of the Four Symbolic Animals.
to the people. In this ritual the people speak
no°'-k'o° a-wa-kshi-the, I gave notice. among themselves asking questions
no°'-k'o° wa-tha-kshi-the, you gave that are answered by the four
notice. symbolic animals, being personi-
no°-k8hi°'-dse, barely missing an fied. These are held sacred by
object in kicking at it. certain gentes; therefore the ani-
a-no"'-kshi°-dse, I barely missed mals may be said to preside over
kicking it. and to lend courage and strength
tha-no°'-kshi°-dse, you barely missed to the warriors.
kicking it. no°-ni'-ba-tse, mistletoe {Viscum al-
on-rio^'-kshi^-dsa i, we barely missed bum). When tobacco is scarce the
kicking it. mistletoe is substituted.
no°-k'u', to dig the earth with the nc-ni'-hi, tobacco; white man's to-
foot. bacco; trade tobacco.
a-no°-k'u, I dig with my foot. no°-ni'-hi, archaic Osage name for
tha-no°'-]j:'u, you dig with your foot. plants used for smoking. The
o°-no"'-:t'u i, we dig with our feet. story of the discovery of the plant
no°'-ku-wi°, the two; both. used for ceremonial smoking is
no°'-û-wi°-xe, to cause an object to given in the ritual of the making
tiirn by touching it with the foot. of the rush shrine for the sacred
a-no'''-l>:u-wi"-xe, I caused it to turn hawk, the emblem of the courage
by touching it with my foot. of the warriors. When the first
tha-no°'-ku-wi°-xe, you caused it to shrine was being made, the priests
turn. sent their ceremonial messenger to
o°-no°'-ku-wi°-xa i, we caused it to find a plant that would be suitable
turn. for use in smoking at the ceremony
zho°ke a-no°-lj:u-wi°-xe, I turned the of consecrating the finished shrine
log with my foot. and the hawk. The messenger
zho°ke tha-no°'-lju-wi°-xe, you first returned with the hiu'-e-ga-
turned the log with your foot. gkiu-e (plant not identified) which
,
No°'-mi-t8e-xi, Beloved-children-of- was rejected. Next he brought

the-sun. Female personal name. in the zha'-hiu (Rudiheckia sub-
nc-ni'-hi — continued. no"'-pa-zhi, not afraid; not afraid to

tomentosa), which was also re- face danger.
jected. Then he brought in a no"-a'-pa-mon-zhi, I am not afraid.
plant (not identified) the leaves of no"-tha'-pa-zhi, you are not afraid.
which resembled elk's ears; this no"'-o"-pa-ba-zhi i, we are not afraid.
was also rejected. Then he no"'-pe, to fear; to dread; to have a
brought in the mi-to-o-xthe hi horror; to be afraid; to be timid.
(compass weed), which was reno°'-a-pe, I am timid,
jected. Then he brought in the no^'-tha-pe, you are timid.
mo^-bi-dse zhi°-ga, sumac (Rhus no"-o"'-pa i, we are timid.
glabra); but although it could be no"'-pe e-wa-the, hideous.
smoked, it was rejected. The no"-pe'-hi, to be hungry.
messenger then brought in the no"'-pe-o°-hi, I am hungry.
seventh plant, the mo"-bi-dse hi no°'-pe-the-hi, you are hungry,
stse-dse, the tall sumac. The no^'-pe-a-wa-hi i, we are hungry.
leaves were tried by the priests, no"-pe'-hi-ts'e, to be famished; to
who found it to be pleasant to the suffer for want of food; to starve,
taste. They accepted the plant no^-pe'-hi a-ts'e, I am famished,
and dedicated it to the people of no^-pe'-hi tha-ts'e, you are famished.
the Tsi'-zhu, Ho^'-ga, and Wa- no°-pe'-hi o°-ts'a 1, we are famished.
zha'-zhe tribal divisions for use in no"'-pe thi°-ge, fearless.
their ceremonies and supplica- no°'-pe o^-thi^-ge, I am fearless.
tions. The name no°-ni'-hi was no°'-pe thi-thi'^-ge, you are fearless.
not used in the body of the ritual, no"'-pe-wa-the, dangerous; formida-
but was used as a part of the title ble; hideous; horrible; terrible;
in the No°-ni'-hiu wi'-gi-e, the frightful; dreadful.
Smoking ritual. No"'-pe-wa-the, Fear-inspiring. Per-
no°-ni'-hi we-thi-wi", a tobacconist; sonal name.
one who deals in tobacco. no°'-p'i°, to wear around the neck, as a
no"-ni'-ni-tha, treading upon softly, necklace.
stealthily. no°'-p'i° kshi-the, to cause one to
No"-ni'-o''-ba, Pipe of Peace. This is

wear something around the neck,
used as a symbol of the Tsi'-zhu wa-k'u the wa'-no°-p'i° to" a-kshi-
Wa-shta-ge gens. the ha, I caused the woman to
wear a necklace.
Of a little pipe (Peace Pipe) I have made my No°-po-e, Flames-at-every-step. Per-
symbol.
When the little ones also sonal name. Refers to the white
Make of it their symbols, spot on the throat of the black
They shall live without anger orviolence as they bear, a symbol of fire.
tlie path of life.
travel
no"'-po"-da, the meaning of this word
When they use the pipe in seeking earthly riches
They shall enable themselves to find riches in is lost, but is used when speaking
abundance. of the Deer people, who belong to

the Water division.
no°'-ni-o°-ba, a pipe.
nc-pu'-gthe, soft to the tread.
no°-ni'-o"-ba-zhi"-ga, a little sacred
no°-pu'-ki, the thud of many feet.
pipe, a symbol of the Wa-zha'-zhe
no°-sha'-tha-ge, to tread down and
gens.
crush with the foot.
no"-ni'-o°-ba zhu-dse, red pipe; pipe
no°-sha'-thu, small bells tied to cloth-
made of catlinite, a red clay,
ing which rattle when dancing,
nc'-nu'-ba wa-ko"-da-gi, a sacred nc-sho"', to dislocate a joint in the
pipe (mysterious). leg or arm.
no"-nu'-zhi-ha, a tobacco pouch. gi' a-no°-sho°, I dislocated my foot.
no°-pa'-ho", made it to rise by 5i'-tha-no°-sho°, you dislocated your
treading upon it. foot.
no»-8hpe', to have flesh torn from the no"--ts'a-ge-^ continued.

leg b.v the kick of a mule. tha-no"'-ts'a-ge, you failed to do it
no°-shtc', to stop, as wheu walking with your foot.

or running one will halt, o"-no"'-ts'a-ga i, we failed to do it
a-no^'-shto", I stop. with our feet.
tha-uo"'-shto°, you stop. no^-tsi'-de, the thud of feet, as when

o''-no'>'-shto'' i, we stop. men or women dance and run.
no°-ta', the lobe of the ear. non^wa'-gthi", superannuate; very
no°-ta', ears, term used in rituals. old age.
no°-ta'-ba-xthu-ge, perforations in nc'-wc-gi, jealousy by a woman.
the ear lobe for eari-ings. a-no'^'-wo"-5i he, I am jealous.
No°--ta'-5ka, White-ears. Female per- tha-no"'-wo°-Qi he, you are jealous.
sonal name. Refers to the white no°-xa'-ge, to make one cry out by
hair on the ears of the deer. kicking him.
no°-ta i'-ta-xe, the tip of the ear. a-no'''-xa-ge, I made him cry out by
no»-ta'-pa-si, the outer bend of the kicking him.
ear; the lobe, tha-no"'-xa-ge, you made him cry
nc-ta'-to" a ho-to^, the bray of a out by kicking him.
mule. o'^-no'^'-xa-ga i, we made him cry out
—
no"-ta' to^-ga' no°-â', ears; to°-ga, by kicking him.
big: a mule. no°'-xa'hi (Oni. same), spine; back-
no°-â'-xtho-ge, a perforation of the bone.
outer ear for earrings, no°'-xa-hi ni-e, backache.
non-ta' wi-ta pa-xtho-ge, I perfo- no"'-xa-hi u-ki-tse, a joint of the
rated my ears. spine.
no°-the, placed on the ground. Used no°'-xe, spirit; sanity.
in a ritual. no°'-xe, ice.
non'-thi°, to fail to understand; to mis- no"'-xe a-ka da'-gko" bi a, the ice

understand; to be in a quandary; has melted.
a perplexity. no°'-xe a-da, iciness; icy.
i°-da'-do" e'-wa-tha-ke tse a-no"'- nc'-xe-ska, staid; dignified; spirit;
bthi° ha, I do not understand what white; clearness of mind; return to

you mean. consciousness; sane; sober.
a'-no°-bthi", I fail to understand. no"'-xe-o"-gka, I am sober,
tha-no°'-ni, you fail to understand, no^'-xe thi gka, you are sober.
o^-no^'-thi" i, we fail to understand. no"'-xe gka bi a, he is sober.
no" th.i'-shto°, mature; maturity. no°'-xe gka zhi, to become dizzy,
nc-thu'-to", to straighten with the no^'-xe o^-gka mo° zhi, I am dizzy,
foot, no'^'-xe thi-gka zhi ha, you are dizzy,
a-noi^'-thu-to", I straightened it with nc'-xe ga-gi, surprise; wary.
my foot. no°'-xe u-ba-do°-the, icicle.
tha-no«'-thu-to°, you straightened it no"'-xe u-zhi, ice chest; refrigerator.
with your foot, no"-xi', to awaken a sleeping person by
no "-to"', to feel one's way in the water walking heavily or by dancing
with the foot, around him.
a-no^'-to'', I felt my way in the water. a-no"'-xi, I awoke him by heavy
tha-no°'-to'», you felt your way in walking.
the water. tha-no°'-xi, you awoke him by heavy
o°-no"'-to° i, we felt our way in the walking.
water, no°-xo°', to hurt one's self by breaking
nc-ts'a-ge, failure to accomplish an a board in a floor by heavy walking
act with the foot. or jumping.
a-no"'-ts'a-ge, I failed to do it with a-no°'-xo°, I hurt myself by breaking
my foot. the board in the floor.
no°-xo°' — continued. no°-xthe' i-ki^-dse wa-tho° — con.

tha-no^'-xo", you hurt yourself by songs directs the attention of the
breaking the board in the floor. initiate to the four symbols, the
o^-no^'-xo" i, we hurt ourselves by deerskin, two standards, and the
breaking the board in the floor. day; this song is sung twice.
nc'-xpe, a stick used as a poker. no°-xthe' i-ki^-dse wa-tho°, Songs
no°'-xpe-hi, that part of the leg of the fight for the charcoal. In
between the knee and the ankle: connection with this song there is
the shin. a wi-gi-e, entitled "The Rush for
no°'-xpe-hi ke ni-e a-lj:i-pa-xe ha, I the Charcoal"; this directs the
hurt my shin. attention to three animals and two
no"-ithe', charcoal. (From a ritual.) birds chosen by the Ancient Men
—
no°-xthe' ga-gi no"-xthe, coal; ga-gi, to be used in the war rites as
—
hard hard coal: anthracite coal. symbols of fire and charcoal. The
no"-xthe' i-ki^-dse, fighting for char- song refers to the warriors and to
coal or fire. the gentes officiating throughout
no"-xthe' i-ki°-dse wa-tho", Songs the ceremony.
of the fight for the symbolic char- no"-xth.e' i-thi-ge — no°-xthe, coal; i,
coal. These songs belong to the —

with which; thi-ge, to take with-
great Tsi'-zhu division of the tribe which-to-take-coal: a fire shovel.
and form a part of the ritual which —
nc-xthe' i-thi-ce to°-ga no°-xthe,
starts with the reciting of a wi-gi-e coals; i, with which to; thi-ge,
very elaborate in ceremonial form. —
take; to°-ga, large with-which-to-
The theme the cour-
of this ritual is take-large-coals scoop shovel.
:
age of the three animals designated no°-xthe' i-thu-ge, coal shovel.

by the Ancient Men, together with No°-xth.e' k'a bi, Where coal was dug.
certain qualities of a given bird. no"-xthe' wa-ko°-da-gi, mysterious
They were used to typify the charcoal. Ceremonially made,
angry fire that destroys all things this symbolizes the wild fire that
that happen to be in its pathway. is merciless when it takes a de-
The group of Wa-tho" Sha-pe Tse, structive course. Each warrior

six songs, follow the ritualistic must carry with him a supply of
ceremony; the first refers to the charcoal tied up in a bit of deer-
calling of all the men to assemble skin and fastened to his belt or to
for the ceremony pertaining to the his necklace, together with his
Wa-sha'-be A-thi°; the second other bundles of paints. When
refers to the prompt response of the he is about to join in an attack
men as individuals who are called upon the enemy he must blacken
to offer their services as warriors; his face with the mysterious char-
the third refers to the part to be coal, thus indicating his determina-
taken by the men of the gentes hav- tion to show no mercy toward the
ing office of making the standards foe. Should he neglect to put on
to be carried; the fourth is de- his face this symbol he will not
scriptive of the cries of the warriors be permitted to count his o-do"^'
who, at break of day, almost nude, (war honors) even if he were to
plunge into the two great sacred perform all the deeds necessary
fires and fight with each other for the winning of individual
for the burning brands from which o-do"', nor will he be permitted
to obtain the symbolic charcoal; to count his share of the o-do°'
the fifth has a theme of unity of won by the war party as a body.
the two fires; which, built opposite no^-xthe' sha-e, black coal. This
each other, are regarded as one; name is applied to a certain kind
this represents the unity of the of grasshopper which figures in the
tribe; the sixth and last of these mythical tales.
no''-xthe' wa-tse, charcoal victory, nc-zhi" i° da, shall stand.

nc-xthc'-ha, privacy; retirement; nc-zhi" o-u, get up; arise!
secrecy; underhand; to have a No°-zhi°'-tsi-e, Rises-suddenly. Per-
private consultation. sonal name. Refers to the alert-
no°-xtho°'-ha u-wa-î-e ]ô°-btha ha, ness of the buffalo.
I want a private consultation with JTo°-zhi°'-wa-the, Causes-them-to-
him. stand. Personal name.
no°-xtho"'-ha u-wa-ki-e, I am under- no°-zh.i°' wa-tho°, the rising song.
handed. This song refers to the rising of
no°-xtho°'-ha u-tha-lci-e, you are the Xo-ka after the symbolic moc-
underhanded, casins have been placed on his
no^-xthc'-ha a-do°-be, espionage. feet.
no°-xtho°'-ha ga-xe, surreptitious.
no^'-zhi^-zlii", repeatedly to stand.
no°-xth.o"'-ha u-thi"-ge, a detective,
(From a ritual.)
nc-xthc'-ha wa-no^-k'C, an eaves-
dropper, No"'-zhi"-zho° wa-tho°, songs of the
no-xtho"' i-no°-the, to hide a thing Rite of Vigil. These songs are
behind a screen; to secrete. the version of the Tsi'-zhu gens,
no°-xtho°' i-no°-a-the, I secreted it.
there being four in this group; the
no°-xtho°' i-no"-tha-the, you se- first expresses the wailing of the
creted it. supphcant, who by tears and bodily

no°-xtho°' i-no°-o°-tha i, we se- suffering seeks to arouse the com-
creted it.
passion and help of Wa'-ko°-da;
No^-xthc'-zhe, Tramples-the-grass. the second relates the manner in
Personal name. Refers to the dis- which the supplicant puts upon
covery of tracks of buffalo by an himself the sign of Fasting; the
official runner. third relates the greeting of the
no"-xu'-dse, the internal ear; that ancient men by the gens giving
which holds the hearing orifice. the ceremony; and the fourth
no^-xu'-dse ba shko", to dig the ears, signifiesthe sacred duty of the
nc-xn'-dse ni-e, earache. chosen man who
is to continue his
No°-xu'-dse-thi°-ge, No-ears. Per- wailing and fasting for the full

sonal name. period.
no°-xu'-dse thi°-ge, same as da'-e no'''-zhi''-zho" wa-tho°, songs of the
tha-gthi° a-zhi. Rite of Vigil. The name of the
no°-xu'-d8e-u-th.i-po-ki, ear pop; fourth degree of the Tribal rites
oak gall. Children gather the oak as observed by the Tho'-xe or
gall and pop them in each other's Buffalo gens. This degree is held
ears; hence the name. as next in importance to the Ni'-
—
no°-xu'-dse xe-ga no°-xu-dse, ears; ki-e, because it contains nearly all
xe-ga, that which is dead deafness, : the symbols and ceremonial forms
no^-xn'-dse o°-xe-ga, I am deaf. essential to the other degrees.
no°-xu'-dse thi-xe-ga, you are deaf. These songs follow the Spirit
no°-xu'-dse xtho-ge —no°-xu-dse, ear; songs. The man chosen for this
xtho-ge, opening or passage: ear must keep awake as he offers
opening or passage. prayers and his mind must be
no''-xu' tse ni-e, earache. fixed only upon the supplications
nc-zhi", stood. (From a ritual.) of the people. To insure wake-
nc-zhi", to rise or stand, fulness the supplicant must stand
a-no^'-zhi", I rise, or must move about, or if from
tha'-no^-zhi", you rise. exhaustion he desires rest he may
o"-no°'-zhi° i, we rise. sit in an upright position. There
no°'-zhi°-da, they shall stand. (From are two songs, the first having
a ritual.) seven stanzas and the second five.
no°'-zhi"-zho°, the Rite of Vigil. nc'-zhi^-zho" —
continued.
Among the Osage this is considered the Rite of Vigil, are used by the
one of the longest and next in Hon'-ga and Puma gentes.
importance of the seven degrees; nc-zhu'-we, to hull walnuts by
it contains practically all the jumping on them.
symbols and ceremonial forms a-no"'-zhu-we, I hull walnuts by
(we'-ga-xe), which places it in a jumping on them.
higher rank than other degrees. tha-no°'-zhu-we, you hull walnuts
In connection with this Rite are by jumping on them.
116 songs (wa-tho"); these, with nu-ka'-thi°, nude: naked.
O
o, a masculine imperative sign. 0-do°' — continued.
o-ba'-da-zhe, a flute. The Osage the sacred hawk at initiation
made their flutes out of the red ceremonies. The gray paint de-
cedar and sumac; the wood is signs only are put on these men,
split in two pieces and scooped the red paint being omitted below
out and shaped, then glued to- the mouth; also the round spot on
gether again with the gum from the forehead and the eagle down
the gum weed. on the crown of the head are
0-ba'-ho°-ino°-i», Walking-within. omitted.
Personal name. o-do"', mihtary honors.
o'-ba-ko", cause for offense; resent- o-ga'-e btha, to disperse.
ment. o-ga'-gtho"-ge, abyss.
o-ba'-nc-the, a place of gathering; o'-ga-she, obstacles in the path of
station. life, such as disease and accidents
o'-ba-xo°, a cut, as a cut of meat. which interfere with the enjoyment

o'-be-hni, an omen; a foreboding, of life and health.
o'-be-hui ge wi° ke a-zhi a bo, he o'-ga-she thi^-ge, no interference in
believes in omens. the enjoyment of good health;
o'-be-hni, the detection of a con- hale; hearty.
templated crime; (2) a ghostly o-ga-to°-tha, sent rolling upon the
appearance. ground.
—
o-§do' a-zhi o-5do, in a row; a-zhi, o-ga'-wi°-xe, soaring in circles.
scattered upon: three spot in a —
o'-ga-xe thi^-ge o' -ga-xe, value; thi°-
deck of cards. —
ge, nothing -value-nothing: value-
o-Sko°' gka-dsi ga-ga-gi, striking any less.
one of the enemy approaching the o-gtha'-ge, to tell of one's own
center of the camp. (One of the experience.
o-do°.) o-gtha'-ge, to start a prairie fire.
o-su', a lowland forest. o'-gtho"-ge, a hat or a cap. m
O-gu' ga-xe, they-who-make-clear-the- o-ho-ho, same as o-hu-hu. "
way. The name of a gens. 0-ho"'-bi, One-who-is-cooked. Per-
o-da'-pa, the third stomach of an ox. sonal name. Refers to the deer
This is used by the Indians for for food.
food and is considered a dehcious o'-ho-shi-ge, sickly or fretful.
dehcacy. o'-ka-wa-the, weak; feeble; languid;
o-da'-p'c-the. (See p'o"-tho'».) sickly.
O-do"', War Honors (Ceremonial). o'-wo° ka-wa-the, I am sickly,
Those warriors who have won o'-thi â-wa-the, you are sickly.
o-do°' in the war expeditions are o'-ka-wa-the a-ka, the act of being
ceremonially painted by the officer sickly; an invalid.
having charge of the painting of o-k'o'-he, dale; valley; ravine.
o'-k'o°, habit; a tendency to follow —

o-mi'-ho° continued.
certain inclinations continuously. her, and the marriage is consum-
o'-ko" a-zhi, tardy; slow in coming. mated without further ceremony.
o'-ko° mo°-zhi i° da, I was tardy, This form of marriage must be
o'-ko" ni a-zhi i° da, you are tardj'. observed by widowed or divorced
o-ko°'-5ka, the middle part of the persons if they are to retain their
house. social position in the tribe and if
o'-ko°-di-th.e, great excitement; tu- the man desires to keep in line to

mult; violent commotion; panic. win the title of Ni'-â-do"-he,
o'-lj;o°-di-thegtho°-the a-zho°-a-gi- provided he has not already
the, I was in a great panic. achieved it.
o'-ljo"-di-the u-mo°-ni, you were in o°, yes.

a great panic. o°, hazelnut.
—
o'-k'o" do°-he o-lj'o", habit; do°-he o°-ba'-si, we drive away.
(sec refinement). o°'-ba-ha, he showed (it) to me.
o'ko"-dse tsi-gthe, to live by one's o"'ba-hi bi a, I am elected.
self; solitary; a hermit, o°'-ba i'-gi-ha, diurnal; daily.
o'-ko^-dse tsi-a-gthe, I live alone, o"'-ba-ko°, I am angry; I am piqued.
o'-ljo^-dse tsi-tha-gthe, you live o^-ba tha'-gthi", the name given one
alone. of the gods of the Tsi'-zhu gens,
o-ko°'-dsi, distinct. {Sec e'-zhi.) meaning Peaceful Days.
o'-kc-dsi, individual; one single per- 0°'-ba wa-ko°-da-gi, Sunday; Sab-
son. bath; Holy Day.
O-kc'-dsi-wa-shko", Struggles-by- 0°'-ba wa-ko°-da-gi ki bthe ta mi"-
himself . Personal name. No one ke he, I go away on Sunday.
to help him fight. c'-ba wa-ko°-da-gi tho°-ba, once in
o'k'o° tha'-gthi" bia, he has good two weeks; a fortnight.
manners. o"'-be, the buttocks.
o'-k'o° wa-no"-tha zhi, perplexity; o°'-be, the tail of a bird.
bewilderment. o°'-be si-ga, the red-tailed hawk.
o'-kshe-to", profits earned; proceeds. O^'-be-su-zhin-ga, Small-hips. Per-
o-mi'-ho", a ceremony by which a sonal name. Refers to the small-
widow marries the second time. ness of the hips of the buffalo.
In this form of marriage the man o"'-be gthe-zhe, spotted tail feathers.
sends messages to the widow with c'-be stse-dse zhi°-ga, a hawk
his offer of marriage, accompanied smaller than the fork-tailed hawk.
by gifts consisting of horses and o°'-be ta-xe §ka, hawk with white tail
blankets. While the oflfer of mar- feathers.
riage is made direct to the widow, o°'-be zha-ta, fork-tailed hawk.
she, wishing to conform as nearly o"'-bo-zha-ga, fly around me in
as possible to the Mi'zhi" (which forked lines. (From a ritual.)
see) form, refers the messenger and C-Sa'-be, the blackening of myself.
gifts to her parents, if living, or to (From a ritual.)
her nearest relatives, in order that C-dc'-ba, behold me.
the}' may decide for her. These o°-ga'-dsu-xe, we sweep.
relatives consult on the proposal, o°'-ga-to°, we who are here.
amd they are satisfied with the
if o"-ga'-xe, we shall make them to be.
negotiations they convey to the (From a ritual.)
messenger their consent and by o°-gi'-tha, make me to be theirs.
him send for the man offering (From a ritual.)
himself in marriage. Arriving at QD-gi'-the, make to be ours.
the house of the relatives of the o°-gi-tha, we make to be ours.
woman, he is given a seat beside Qo'-gi-thi-ta, to cross or interrupt.
122 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY fBULL. 108
c'-gthi", we sat. o" pa-da i ha, I had a surgical opera-

o^-gtho", to revile; to call one names, tion.
a-gtho", I reviled, o°'-i?a-k8hi", stumbled over me.
tha-gtho", you reviled. o"'-tha, to throw away; to dispense.
o"-gu'-e, we. a-o°'-btha, I throw away.
o°-gu'ki-ki-e,we speak to one another. tha-o"'-shta, you throw away.
o°-gu'-o°-ga-to°, we who stand here. o°-o"'-tha i, we throw away.
o°'-ha-go° rao°-zhi, nothing of im- o"'-tha-gthi", same as gi'-tha-gthi".
portance revealed itself to me. o-tha'-ha, to follow,
c'-hc-ba, brightened by the Hght; o'-btha-ha, I follow,
(2) the light comes upon me. o-sda'-ha, you follow.
o"'-ka mo" zhi, I do not. o°-gu'-tha-ha, we follow,
o"'-ka zhi, no; not. o-tha'-ha, attached.
c-kT, give me or give to me. o"'-tha i-the-the, to fling or to toss.
c'-ki-tha-zha-'ta, parting to make o"'-btha the-a-the, I fling it.
way for me. o°-sda i-the-the-the, you fling it.
o"-ki'-ô", we will take his name. o"-o"'-tha i-thi-o"-tha i, we fling it.
c-ki'-'to", adopt for ourselves. o"-the, they make of me. (From a
o"-ko"'-thai-thi-gthabi a, he threat- ritual.)
ened me. o"-thi'-a-xa, we uncover the blanket.
o"-kshi'-the, we shall make it to be. o"-thi-do", drawn over me. (From a
(From a ritual.) ritual.)
c'-mo", one two things.
of o"-thi'-ô" i, we touched it with our
o°'-mo"-a--â, same as thi'-u-ba-he. hands.
c'-mo" e-shki, one or the other; '-thi-xa i ha, they pursued me.
either one. -tho"'-gi-ni-tha, seek protection in
c'-mo" no° shki c-ka-zhi, no one or me.
the other; neither one. -tho"'-gi-tha, they find me.
o"'-ino" no" shki u-thi-gc-ha zhi, -wo"'-bi, I am bleeding.
not taking part on one side or the -wo°'-ga-5'i", look in upon me
other of a conflict; neutral. stealthily.
o"-ino"'-thi", as we travel the path o"-wo"'-ki-tha â, (my shoe) is too
of life. (From a ritual.) tight for my foot.
C-ni'-mo", we swim. o"'-wo°-no"-zhi ba-zhi°, no one shall
o°-ni'-ino" â bi, let us swim. stand in my way nor intercept me.
o°-no"-bthe gi-gu, to Hke the taste on- WO"' sho-she, I am courageous; I
of; to enjoy food. am dauntless; I do not fear.
o'-no"-bthe o^-gu, I enjoy food. o"-wo"'-ta-thi", none equal to me.
o'-no"-bthe thi-gu, you enjoy food. o"'-wo"-tha-shi shkc-sta a(P), do
o'-no"-bthe wa-gu i, we enjoy food. you wish to secure my services?
o'-no"-xthi" the wa-ga-xe, to dis- o"-zhi"'-ga xtsi do" wa-bthi-xe, I
patch; to send them (messengers) married when I was a young wo-
in a hurry. man.
o'-no°-xthi" the wa-pa-xe, I dis- o-pa'-5e, in the evening of the day.
patched. O-pa'-stse-dse, Long-body. Personal
o'-no"-xthi° the wa-shka-xe, you dis- name.
patch. 0'-po°, Elk. The name of the Ho°-ga
o'-no"-xthi" the o"-wa-ga-xa i, we gentes who adopted the Elk as
dispatch. their Gentile name. It was the
o"'-o-xta, fond of; to like. Elk who made the earth habitable
ni'-ka-shi-ga the o"-o°-xta, I am fond to all animals,
of that man. o'-po" ha, elk skin.
ni'-ka-shi-ga the thi'-o-xta, you are o'-po° hi" e-go", dun colored, the
fond of that man. color of the elk.
o'-po° wa-tho", Elk Songs. There are o - thi' -i-hni, that-which-is-used-to-

six songs in this group from the make-it-cool; an umbrella,
Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge version. In o-thi' i-hni o°-wo° k'i a, lend me
the first, reference is made back your umbrella.

to the mystic story of the descent o-tho'-da, interest paid for the use of
of all forms of life from the sky monej'.
to the earth and implies an ex- o-tho'-gi-no°-zhi°, trousers.
pectation of the subsidence of the o-tho'-ha-ge, same as ha-shi.
water and the earth to become o-tho'-ha-ge i-gthi-gtho°, to re-
beautiful with verdure. In this consider,

and the second song the Elk is o-tho'-ha-ge i-tha'-gthi-gtho°, I re-
represented as speaking; the two considered,
songs imply the same meaning; o-tho'-ha-ge i'-tha-gthi-gtho°, you
the third has for its theme the reconsidered,
gift made by the Elk of the brow o-tho'-ha-ge o°-tho"-gthi-gtho° i,
tines of his antlers for ceremonial we reconsidered.

use; in the fourth song reference o-tho°'-da wa-tsi. The Dance in the
is made to the various symbolic Center. This is descriptive of the
articles and ceremonial form given position of the dancers and the
by the Elk; the fifth song relates spectators. When the two divisions
to the man who has won all thir- meet at their starting point the
teen o'-do° (war honors); and the Xthe'-ts'a-ge dismount, and as
sixth and last song expresses ap- their horses are led away the offi-
proval by the two great divisions on the ground

cers take their seats
of the recount made by the war- between the two ceremonial houses,
rior. together with their volunteer war-
o-pshe', a ford. riors —those of the Tsi'-zhu in a
op' -she, that which is walked upon: and those of
semicircle on their side
a bridge. the Ho°-ga sitting in a semicircle
op' -she, passing from one group to on their side. After all have taken
another. their places, one of the chief
o-pshi', I have come to. Xthe'-ts'a-ge rises and recounts
o'-shki-ga, dissipated; dissolute, in an excited manner his winning
she ni'-ka-shi-ga a-ba o'-shki-ga bi a, of a war honor; then the singers
he is very dissipated. strike up the first of the four songs
o-shko'>'-bi-ge, frequented places. now to be sung, beating their
o-sho'-de, smokelike appearance of drums to accentuate the rhythm.
water when the soft mud at the The two Xthe'-ts'a-ge, carrying
bottom is stirred. their respective standards, begin
o-tha'-ge, to tell, recite, relate, nar- to dance in a circle, followed by
rate, others, the Tsi'-zhu taking the
o-btha'-ge, I relate, outer circle and moving to the
o'-shta-ge, you relate. right, the Ho^'-ga taking the inner
o-tha'-ge the-the, to proclaim, circle and moving to the left. As
o-btha'-ge the-a-the, I proclaim, the men each division com-
of
o-sta'-ge the-tha-the, you proclaim. plete the circle they halt, face the
QD-gu'-tha-ge the-o°-tha i, we pro- center, and continue to dance
claim. till the singing ceases; then all sit
—
o'tha-ge wa-gthe-5e o-tha-ge, story down.
or news; wa, thing; gthe-ge, striped: o^-thc'-ki-pa-nC-xe-Qka, their use
newspaper. of me as a scarificator shall bring
0'-tha-ha-mo°-i°, The follower. Per- him back to consciousness. (From
sonal name. a ritual.)
67025—32 9
124 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY IbULL. 109
o"-tho'''-k8hi-tha, sec the trail that o'-xta, a thing of great value; a captive;
I make in my travel. Ceremonial a favored person.
expression. o'-xta o"-gi-tha i ha, I am favored.
o'-tho-to", rectitude; moral integrity; o'-xta thi-gi-tha bi a, you are favored.
good behavior, o'-xta a-wa-gi-tha i, we are favored.
o'-tho-to" a-ki-gtha thi°, demeanor; o-xtha'-be, a forest; a jungle; a dense
deportment; behavior, grove.
o'-tho-to" a-zhi, depraved; corrupt; o-xtho'-k'a, a hollow place; an oven.
wicked, mo°-ê' o-xtho-k'a wa-zhe a-gtho"
ni'-ka-shi-ga wi° o'-tho-to° a-zhi ha, no°, I roast meat in the oven.
a depraved man. mo"-ê' o-xtho-k'a wa-zhe tha-gtha
o'-to"-be, to search. no", you roast meat in the oven,
o'-to^-be pa-xe, I made a search. o-zhe'-tsi, the fireplace.
o'-to°-be shka-xe, you made a search. —
o'-zhi-to-ho o-zhi, modification of
o'-to"-be c-ga-xa i, we made a the word u-zhi, a hollow receptacle;
search. to-ho, blue or green: a bottle,
o'-to"-be ga-xe. {See a-ga-gu.) o'-zhi to-ho tse u-gi-pi, the bottle is
o'-ts'e ga, easy. full.
—
o'-xe ga-be o-xe, in which to bury; o'-zho-ha, a bag.
5a-be, black: a coffin. o'-zhu to ho u-tha-do", cork stopper,
o'-xo-be xtsi, fortunately; luckily. o'-zhu-to-ho zhi^-ga, a small glass
C-xo-be xtsi btha mo^-zhi" ha, bottle.
fortunately I did not go.
pa, the head. Pa-§i-do-ba, Four-hills. Personal

pa, bitter. name. Refers to the descent of a
pa, snout, the projecting nose of an herd of buffalo from a hill in four
animal. lines.
pa, whole of the head. pa-5i' he-be u-stse, the part

of a piece
Pa'-ba-wa-xo°, Head-cutter. Per- of goods left over; a remnant.
sonal name. Refers to the cutting Pa'-5i-hi, Brown-head. Female per-
off of the head of the enemy. sonal name. Refers to the brown
Pa'-ba-wa-xo°, The Osage name for head of the eagle.
the Sioux Tribe of Indians. It pa- si' stse-dse wa-tho", Songs of the
means Head-cutters. High Hills. The title of this group
pa'-ba-xthu-ge, perforation in the is metaphorical and refers to the
septum of the nose. clouds that appear along the

pa'-be-gi, to bend a knife blade when horizon like lofty hills. The first
cutting with it. song is a call to these hills to

pa'-bo-gthi-ha-ha, sapsucker, the come and give aid, also to the
downy woodpecker; head down- clouds to come. These are the
ward repeatedly. The bird works version of the Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge
downward in picking its food from gens.
the rough bark of a tree. pa-si' tse, the top.
pa-bu', down hill, a steep incline. Pa-siu'-gthi°, Dwellers-upon-the-hill-
pa'-je, evening; close of the day. top. When the river (Mississippi)
pa'-Qe wa-no"-bthe, an evening meal. overflowed its banks, a group of
pa-gi', point; top of a tree. Osage Indians fled from their
Pa-si', Brown-nose. Personal name. village and sought the high hills
pa-5i', the top of a tree; the top of a and there established a camp.
pole; a peak. They were known by the name of
pa-gi-a'-gtho", the two spot in a Pa-si u-gthi° and settled in Gray-
deck of cards; deuce. horse.
.
Li. FLESCHEJ OSAGE DICTIONARY 125
pa'-gka u-gtho" e-go", like putting pa'-hi"-he-xpa, disheveled; unkempt.

on a white cap, they shall see pa'-hi° tho" oMie-xpa, I am dis-
themselves. Refers to old age. heveled,
pa'-da-bi, operation; surgical opera- pa' -hi" tho° thi-he-xpa, you are dis-
tion. heveled.
pa'-da §i thi°-kshe — pa-da, egg; gi, pa'-hi° tho" wa-he-xpa i, we are
yellow; thi°-kshe, that is — egg- disheveled.
that-is-yellow : yelk. pa'-hi° thi-ta a-ki sho-ga', your hair
pa-da zhi°-ga, infancy; babyhood. is thick.
Pa'-do"-ka, the Osage name for the pa'-hi-'tu, the mallard duck. The
Comanche Tribe. skin of the neckand breast of this
pa'-dse, to butcher; to dissect, bird are put upon the sacred pipes
a-pa'-dse, I butcher, of the Osage, Omaha, and Pawnee
tha'-pa-dse, you butcher. Tribes.
o"-pa'-dsa i, we butcher. pa-hiu', the hair of a man's head.
pa'-dsi-ge, to move an object by Pa-hiu'-ska, V/hite-hair. Personal
pushing with a broom. name. Refers to the sacred white
pa-ga'-da-da-xe, woodpecker. buffalo.
pa gi'-stse-ge, The Nose Splitting. A Pa-hiu'-ga-zho°, Hairy-head. Per-
leader of the Wa-ga'-be or the sonal name.
I°-gtho"'-ga gens takes the sacred Pa-hiu'-gthe-ge, Spotted-hair. Fe-
knife and with its sharp point male personal name.
scratches the tip of the nose of the Pa-hiu' -gthe-zhe, Spotted-hair. Fe-
captive, who bends over the fire male personal name. Refers to
(sacred) and lets the blood drip the spots on the fawn,
into it. Then the leader of the pa-hiu'-thi-se— pa-hiu, hair; thi-ge,
Po°-ka Wa-shta-ge directs the cutter: scissors.
Sho'-ka to bring water, which is pa-hiu'-thi-ge to°-ga, large scissors;
placed before the leader, who recites shears.
the wi-gi-e relating to the life-giv- pa-hiu'-thi-ge zhi°-ga, small scissors.
ing power of the water. Pa-hiu' -thi-sho°, Shaggy -head. Fe-
pa-gthe', placing the head when male personal name.
reclining for rest. pa-ho°, to rise from a reclining posi-
pa-gthe', to fall with head backward tion; to arise from bed.
or forward. a-gi'-pa-ho", I rise.
pa-he' (archaic), a hill; a mountain. tha-gi'-shpa-ho°, you rise.
Among the Omaha this word is o"-gi'-pa-ho° i, we rise.
still used. pa-ho°'-gthe, in advance of (the
pa-he'-tho°, a round hill. storm)
pa-hi', sharp. pa-ho°'-gthe, in the first order of time;
mo°-hi" pa-hi, the knife is sharp. original; primary.
—
pa-hi' -i-ga-gtha pa-hi, hair; i, with pa'-ho°-gthe i-ta-ki-the, to preempt.
which to; ga-gtha, untangle: a pa'-ho°-gthe i-ta-a-lji-the, I preempt,
comb. pa'-ho^-gthe i-ta-tha-ki-the, you pre-
pa' -hi", porcupine. This animal was empt.
useful to both the Osage and the pa-ho"'-gthe the, to go before, in
Omaha, only, however, for its advance of; to precede.
quills, which were used for deco- pa-ho°'-gthe bthe ha, I precede.
rating moccasins, leggings, and pa-ho°'-gthe shne ha, you precede,
other articles of clothing. The pa-ho^'-gthe o^-ga-tha i, we precede.
quills were colored with native pa-ho°'-gthe tse, at the outset; from
dyes and flattened before using. the beginning.
126 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (BULL. 109
pa-ho°'-gthe dsi to", inception, at the pa-xa'-dse, a peculiar style of hair cut
beginning; the initial. among the Osage Indians and also
pa-hc'-gthe xtsi, the very first. in other tribes.
Pa-i", the Osage name for the Pawnee Pa - X e- ga, Brown - nose. Personal
Tribe. name. Refers to the brown nose
]pa-i'' rao"-hon, the Osage name for a of the black bear.
band of the Pawnees known as pa'-xe i"-da, I have made them to be.
Shki-thi. pa'-xe-no"-ta, inner muscles of the
pa-i'-ta-xe, the tip of the nose. ribs; midriff.
pa-nio^'-gthe, with heads inclined pa-xi°', hair of the head.
toward a person. pa'-xi°-ska, a white mane (horse's).
pa-mo"' -ki-da, to bend the body pa'-xi'' he-xpa, disheveled; hair dis-
forward, as when picking some- arranged.
thing from the ground or floor. Pa'-xo-dse, the Osage name for the
pa'-pa-5i, tip of the nose. Iowa Indians.
pa'-ta 5i thi"-kshe, the yolk of an egg. pa'-xpe, grove of stunted (short)
Pa'-ta-h.i°-shku-e, Hairy-head. Per- oaks.
sonal name. Refers to the hairy Pa-xpe-50°-dse, Frequenter-of-the-
head of the buffalo. buslies. Female personal name.
pa'-ta zhi°-ga, babj^; an infant; pa'-xpe tse-shka, the short stunted
infancy. oak.
pa'-thi-ba-xe, decapitate. Pa'-xpi-so"-dse, Stunted-oaks. Fe-
Pa'-thi", a general term for tribes not male personal name.
related to the Osage. pa-xthi"', mucus from the nose.
Pa'-thi^-hC-ga, Sacred Stranger. A pa-xthi°' a-gtu-e, glanders, a horse
personal name. disease.
Pa'-thio-mo^-ho", the Osage name pa-xtho'-ge, nostrils.
for the Pawnee Indians. pa-xu'-xe, the ridge of the nose.
Pa'-thi°pa ga-xa, Pawnee head Creek. pa-zhu'zhe, the bill of a swan, and
Here the Osage killed a Pawnee other birds.
and stuck his head on a pole. Pa-zhi'-hi, Reddish-head. Female
Pawnee Creek, Okla. personal name. Refers to the
Pa'-thi"-wa-ko''-da-gi ga-xa, Medi- red-headed eagle.
cine man Creek, near Coffeyville, pa-zhu'-zhe, the tip of the nose.
Ivans. A strange Indian was pa-zhu'-zhe u-xthu-k'a, the nos-
found dead in a cave at this place. trils.
This was the first camping spot on pe', the forehead.
the first buffalo trail. pe'-a-thi-gta, to tie anything around
Pa'-thi"-wa-we-xta, Annoyer-of-the- the forehead to relieve a pain in
enemy. Personal name. the head.
Pa-thi°'-wa-xpa-thi", Poor- Pawnee. pe'-btha-xe, a tuft of feathers upon
Personal name. Refers to a killing the head of a bird, as on the scarlet
of a starved Pawnee. tanager.
pa'-tse, butcher: surgical (operation). pe'-5i-ga (Om. pe'-gi), gooseberries.
pa-u-pa'-kshe, ridge on the nose. pe'-gka zhu-dse, blue joint grass
pa-u-sho^'-sho", the neck where it {Andropogon furcatus muhl, red).
joins the head. This plant is referred to in one of
pa wa-thu-5e, Cutting off the head. the recited parts of the tribal
The men who cut off the heads of ritual relating to the making of the
the enemy then approach the first portable shrine for the sacred
sacred bird and make their claims hawk, the emblem of the warrior's
to the o-do", which is known by courage.
this name. pe'-5to-5ta, blackberry.
a
-Sto-gta hi, blackberry vine. pe'-dse u-k'i wi-gi-e — continued,

-de ni, fire water; intoxicant. tribal divisions. An established
-dse (Om. pe'-de), fire. rule was followed in laying the
-dse gi-tse, live coals. wood for this fire. If a Tsi'-zhu
-dse da-stsu-dse, blaze. member was conducting the cere-
-dse da-zhi, fire burned out. mony, the first symbolic firebrand
-dse ga-xe, a match. was laid toward the west; second,
-dse ga-xthi°-zhe, shooting sparks toward the north; third, toward
from a fire or from burning brands. the east; and the fourth toward
-dse i-tha-thi-5o"-dse, fire tongs the south. If the ceremony was
or a split stick for holding five conducted by a Ho°'-ga, the first
coals. fire was laid toward the east, the
-dse ho°-zhi sho-dse pe-dse, fire; — second toward the north, the third
ho°-zhi, bad; sho-dse, smokes — toward the west, and the fourth
smoky fire. toward the south. The time for
-dse ko°-ha, edge of the fire. kindhng the fire was just at sun-
-dse-m.o°-ko° ga-xa, Fire-Medi- rise.
cine-Creek, Bad water. Smoke pe'-dse wi-gi-e, The Fire Ritual. This
was seen rising from this Creek all is allegorical and its acts are com-
the time. It must have been a salt mon throughout the tribal rites.
branch from the stream, for the The meaning of the expressions
horses became unmanageable when and ceremonial acts are discussed
they reached this creek. This was and explained b}^ those versed in
the secondcamp of the first buffalo the rites at the informal gatherings
trail. of the No°'-ho°-zhi"-ga. In this
Pe--dse-mc-i", Fire-walker. Person- way the knowledge of the inner
al name. Refers to the finding of meanings of the wi-gi-es and their
the red bear walking in the night; accompanying acts are transmitted
a light like a fire shone from his from one generation to the other.
breast. Pe-ga'-5on-de, the Nez Perce Tribe.
pe'- dse-ni-gka — pe-dse, water;
fire; ni, Pe-ga'-§o"-dse, Crow Tribe, so called
5ka, white —fire-water-white: alco- by the Osage Indians.
hol. pe-ga'-5ta, a cap. The cap of the
pe' dse-ni-tsi, fire-water house; a white man.
saloon; whisky house. pe-mo°'-gthe, head bowed down.
pe' dse po-e gi-the, fire rebuilt. -o-to°, the forehead.
(Om. ne-gi-the.) -sha-be zhi°-ga, the chickadee.
pe' dse u-gi-zhi, fire house. Every •stsu'-dse, forelock of a horse.
gens of the Osage Tribe possessed a -thi-thi-gki, frown.
house where any family belonging -tho°-ba, seven.
to it could go and get a brand with -to° ska, the white crane.
which to start its fire. At the -to°-hiu-stse-dse, long - legged
beginning of the tribal organiza- crane; sandhill crane.
tion each gens was given a fire Pe' -to" to°-ga Zho-i-ga-the, Great
house in which each family of the Crane People. The name of a
gens is supposed to have deposited gens.
a burning brand which keeps -to" xo-dse, the gray crane.
burning forever. u'-gki-da, the depression above
pe dse u-k'i wi-gi-e, Contributing to the bridge of the nose between the
the Fire. This ritual pertains to eyes.
the ceremonial kindling of the fire pe u'-ga-5o°, the parting of the hair.
by which the sacred water is to A woman parts her hair in the
be heated. This ritual belongs to middle and paints the parting red
all the gentes of the two great to symbolize the path of the sun.
—
pe-u'-ga-Qo'" continued. zhe bthc-tha-gthi", sweet-smell-
The path of the sun is a symbol ing grass.
of a long life. The act of putting zhe bthc-tha-gthi" a-ba xtha-
on this symbol is a prayer for 50° ho" no ° bi a, sweet clover has
long life and for an endless line a white flower.
of descendants. pe - zhe i - tsi - to° - "wo"? Town of
pe'-xe (Om. same), gourd rattle, thatched houses. This place was
pe'-xe Qu, rattle seeds. called so when the town was first
pe'-xe i-ba, rattle handle. founded, because the inhabitants
pe'-xe thu-ga-bi wa-tho°, Songs of dwelt in thatched houses. The
Taking up the Rattle. This is Osage name for Independence,
spoken of as songs, but is really Kans.
one stanza sung four times and pe zhe rao°-ko° ga-e, weed coffee;
refers to the atcual going forth of tea.
the Do'-do^-ho^-ga and his war- pe'-zhe mo^-ljo" â-e btha-to°, I drink
riors, tea.
pe'-xe thu-5e wa-tho°, Songs of pe'-zhe mo''-li:o° ga-e shta-to°, you
Taking up the Rattle. These drink tea.
songs follow those of the cere- pe'-zhe mc-ko" ga-e o°-tho°-to° i,
monial opening of the shrine, and we drink tea.

up to this time there has been no pe'-zhe-tu-hu, pennyroyal {Hedeoma
accompanying of the rattle to the pulegioides) This plant is used by
.
songs. Preceding these songs a is

the Osage for tea.
ritual which expresses the purpose tha'-po°-ge a-ba pe'-zhe-tu-hu i-gi bi
of the war gentes to destroy the a, mosquitos do not like penny-
tribal organizations of their ene- royal.
mies and all possible means by ?e'-zhe-u-tha-ha, Grass-clings-to-
which they could perpetuate their Personal name.
him.
own tribal existence. This, with pe'-zhe-xu-ta, wild sage (Artemisia),
the songs, is of the Tsi'-zhu Wa- pi, or tse-pi, liver,
shta-ge gens. pi-ga' (Om. same), sand; silt.
pe'-xe thu-ge wi-gi-e, Rattle ritual. pi-5a'-5ka, white sand.
In this ritual may be found the pi-Qa' ga-da-dse, loose sand in the
symbol of the Ho°'-ga great divi- bed of a river in which there is
sion, which is the head of the male danger of sinking; quicksand.
puma; but if the candidate is of
Pi-ga'-u-gthe ga-xa, Sand Creek,
the Tsi'-zhu division the symbol
Okla.
is the teeth of the right jaw of the
Pi-5i', Acorn-of-the-red-oak. Personal
animal, which is indicated by the
name. Refersthe mythical
to
seeds in the rattle.
story of the eagle causing the
pe'-zhe, grass or hay; weeds.
acorns to drop from the red oak
pe'-zhe ke a-shi a-o"-btha ha, I took
as he alights.
the weeds out.
pi-§i', liver gall,
|*e'-zhe-a-tse, Grass-eater. Per-
pi-gi' 5a-be, black acorn,
sonal name. Refers to the buffalo
pi-qi'ga-be hi, black-acorn tree; the
eating grass.
black oak.
pe'-zhe-btha-ska, calamus or sweet
pi-gi' ha, acorn cups.
flag {Acorus cala7nus). The root
plant is chewed by the pi-5i' hi, red oak tree {Quercus rubra).
of this
Osage for its sweet fragrance. It Pi-5i'-hi-u-gthe, Red Oak Creek;
is known to both the Omaha and
Dry Wood Creek, Kans.
the Ponca. It is used for fatten- pi-gi'-sha-be hi, the dark-acorn tree.
ing horses, first being made into pi- si' shko", agitation of the Uver gall
powder. on account of sudden anger.
pi-5i'-8tse-dse, long acorn; acorn of po-e', blaze; flames.

the white oak. po'-e-to", standing in the flames.
pi-si' -stse-dse hi, the long-acorn tree. po-ki-e', a sound like the report of a
pi-Si'-xo-dse hi, the gray-acorn tree. gun or a popgun.
pi'-gi-k'o°, to repeat and try again Po°'-ka, the Ponca Tribe.
after failing to make repairs on Po°'-ka i-e, Ponca language.
worn clothing or broken tools. Po°'-ka Wa-shta-ge, the name of a
pi-a'-gi-k'o°, I tried again to repair leader who commanded that the
the tools. captive (da'-gthe) might live. The
pi'-tha-gi-k'o°, you tried again to Sho'-ka, in obedience to the re-
repair the tools, quest, brings the captive in and
pi-o^'-gi-k'o" 1, we tried again to gives him a seat near the sacred
repair the tools, fireplace for the adoption cere-
pi-gthe, to defer; to put oflf; to delay; mony. The meaning of Po^-lja
(2) to put away food left over is not known, but the meaning of
from a meal, Wa-shta-ge is gentle
pi'-a-gthe, I defer, p'o'-tho°, steam arising from boiling
pi'-tha-gthe, you defer. water,
wa-no°'-bthe te pi-a-gthe, I put p'o'-tho" tse o°-tho° ni-de a-ke, the
away the food, steam burnt my arm.
wa-no^'-bthe te pi-tha-gthe, you put po°'-to°-ahi, large hickory (Hicoria)
away the food. tree.
pi'-i^-ge, very near; almost. po°'-to°-ga, nut of the hickory tree;
ho°'-ni-e-gi-pshe pi'-i^-ge, I came hickory nut.
very near saying so. po°'-to°-ga zhi'>-ga, the pignut.
pi-o°', expert; skillful. po°'-xe, the artichoke (Cynara scoly-
pi'-mo°, I am expert, mus), an edible plant. The head
shpi zho°, you are expert, of the cultivated artichoke is good
o^-pi-o" i, we are expert, to eat.
bad ones that may be
pi'pi-a-zhi, the pshi i° da, I have been to.
found here and there. pshe, to pound corn into fine meal,
pi'-tha-to°, a girdle; (2) to gird; to ha'-ba thi-shpi tse a-pshe he (w. sp.),
put on a girdle, I pounded the corn,
pi'-the, the love of a woman for a man ha'-ba thi-shpi tse tha-pshe he
or boy. (w. sp.), you pounded the corn,
pi'-a-the, I love him. a-pshe', I pound,
pi'-tha-the, you love him. tha-shpe', you pound.
pi'-zhi, to be sorry; to regret. o°-psha' i, we pound.
o°'-ho° mo°-zhi, I am sorry. pshi-shtc'-zha, phragmites. This
pi'-zhi, bad; evil, plant was never used by the Osage.
pi'-zhi a-zhi", to have a bad opinion It is referred to in the Rush Mat
of a person. Case Degree (see 45th Ann. Rept.
|*i'-zhi-gthi-no°-zhi°, Returns-to- B. A. E., p. 688, in context, and
fight. Personal name. Refers to wi-gi-e following) of the war rites
the enraged bull standing to fight as having been declared unsuitable
the hunter. for making the mat case for the
Pi'-zhi-to°-ga, Big-bad-one. Person- sacred hawk.
al name. Refers to the big bull pslio°'-shka, a nighthawk.
always ready to fight. psi'-stse-dse, spleen.
po-e', to ignite. pu-e'-tse, flames.
po-e' pa-xe, I ignited it. pu-ki', a dull thud, made by striking.
po-e' shka-xe, you ignited it.
po-e' c-ga-xa i, we ignited it.

sha'-be, dark in color. sha'-ge u-ho"-ge, the third finger.

Sha'-be-no"-zhi", Stands-dark. Per- sha'-ge u-ki-tse, a knuckle or joint of
sonal name. Refers to the lone a finger.
buffalo standing still against the sha'-ge u-sha-be, dirt under the
horizon. finger nails.
sha'-be tsi-gthe, sviddenly appearing sha-ge u-stse'-dse tse, the long or
dark. middle finger.
sha'-ge, hands; paws; claws; talons. sha'-ge-u-thi-xtha — sha'-ge, hands;
sha'-ge ba-ha kshi-the sha-ge, — u-thi-xtha, to thrust in: gloves or
hand; ba-ha, show; kshi-the, per- mittens,
mitted to: to take an oath. sha'-ge u-thi-xtha thi-thi-ta, your
sha'-ge btha-k'a i-tsi° sha'ge, — mittens,
hand; btha-k'a, flat; i-tsi", to sha'-ge u-thi-xtha wi-ta, my mittens.
strike; to spank. sha'-ge u-tho"-d.a, the center of the
Sha'-ge-bthe-§ka, Plat-hands. Per- hand.
sonal name. sha'-ge u-to°-ga tse, the large finger;
Sha'-ge-5ka, White-talons. Personal thumb,
name. sha'-ge u-to°-ga tse ni-e a-ki pa-xe,
sha'-ge ga-da-zhe, a hand blistered my thumb is hurt.
by a rough ax or hoe handle. sha'-ge u-zhi"-ga, the small finger;
sha'-ge-ha, finger nail. little finger.
sha'-ge-i-tsi", to strike with the hand, Sha'-ge-wa-hi°, Bloody-hands. Per-

sha'-ge i-tha'-tsi", I struck with my sonal name. Refers to the butch-
hand, ering of the baffalo parts.
sha'-ge i'-tha-tsi°, you struck with sha'-ge we-a-ba-cu, the index finger;
your hand, the first finger used to point with.
sha'-ge o^-tho^-tsi" i, we struck with sha'-ge we-k'u-tse, a span. A
our hands. measure with the outstretched
sha'-ge ko°, the veins of the hand. hand, generally from the end
—
sha-ge' ni-e sha-ge, finger; ni-e, of the little finger to the out-
ache or sore: a run-around. stretched thumb.
Sha'-ge-pa-hi, Sharp-talons. Per- sha'-pe (Om. same), six.
sonal name. —
sha'-pe a-zhi sha-pe, six; a-zhi scat-
sha'-ge te o°-tho°-ba, my hand is tered: six spot in a deck of cards.
swollen. sha'-pe o° (Om. same), six times.
sha'-ge-thi-shu-ga, to roughen or sha'-she-k*a, grows rank in fields
make the hands callous by hard (plant unidentified).
work, as with a hoe or an ax. Sha'-wa-bi", Bloody-hands. Personal
sha'-ge bthi-shu-ga, I roughened my name. Refers to the talons of a
hands, hawk.
sha'-ge ni-shu-ga, you calloused your shdo'-zha, bent forward.
hands,
she, that one; there.
sha'-ge o^-thi-shu-ga i, we calloused
she a-ba wa-gthu'-shka u-tsi shno°
our hands.
bi a, the apple is wormy.
sha'-ge u-ba-zhu, a knuckle.
sha'-ge u-5a-be, fingers.
she a'-wa-kshi mo" i° da, I have
sha'-ge u-gtho" — sha'-ge, finger; u-
done that for them.
she e-wa-kshe, that in your hand is
gtho"», in which to put: a thimble.
sha'-ge u-gtho" wi" ko"-bthe, I want what I mean.
a thimble, she' -go", that kind or sort.
sha'-ge u-gtho° wi" shko"-shda a(?) she gthe-btho", ten apples.
do you want a thimble? she'-hi, apple tree. {See apple.)
.
she'-ki, rattlesnake. shi-ba'-the, to become accidentally

she'-ki no" a-wa-pe, I am afraid of a unfastened; to escape,
rattlesnake. shi' -be, entrails; the viscera,
she'-kshe, that long object. shi'be thi-ta-the, to disembowel.
she- mo °, I have done that; I have shi' -be u-ba-stsu-e — shi-be, intes-
acted in that manner. (Om. same.) tines; u-ba-stsu-e, pushing out: a
she'-mo" iiio°-zhi° i" da, I have not rupture,
done so. (From a ritual.) shi'-be-xthi, bile.
sh.e'-no"-2hi° o, stand there a while. shi' e-gi-tho° — shi, again; e-gi-tho°,

she'-pshe, I said so. he said so — again-he-said-so : to
she'-sho" e-the, I am satisfied (woman reassert; to reiterate,
speaking). shi e'-gi-pe, I reassert,
she'-shc-e-tho, I am satisfied (man shi e'-gi she, you reassert,
speaking) shi e'-o°-gi-tho° i, we reassert,
she shc-thi^-do", even while going shi ga-xe — -shi, again; ga-xe, to make:
and moving about. to remake,
she the" ts'o-xe ha, the apple is tart. shi ga'-xe, I remake,
she'-thu, yonder; there where you are. shi shka'-xe, you remake,
she'-to°, that one standing. (From a shi o°-ga'-xa i, we remake.
ritual.) shi'-mi, same as shi-mi-zhi°-ga.

— shi'-mi ho btho"-xe, young woman in
she'-to° a she, the archaic name for
her adolescence.
the red haw {Crataegus coccinea);
shi'-nii-zhi°-ga, a baby girl; a dam-
to°-a, large. The apple is also
sel; a maiden; a lassie.
called ko°-dse, which is the name
The word shi'-rQi-zhi"-ga i-da-a-the he, I
for the wild plum.
xo-dse, gray, is added to ko°-dse to
gave birth to a girl.
shi-ino"'-ksho°, kneels.
distinguish the plum from the
shi°, to be fat.
apple. She is also the Omaha
archaic name for red haw. This o°-slii'»', I am fat.
word is also used as a general term thi-shi"', you are fat.

shi°'-ga-xe, to fatten,
for fruits of any description. °'
shi -pa-xe, I fatten.
she' ^C-ga, a large apple; a pippin,
shi°-shka-xe, you fatten,
she' to°-ga gki-the wi° shko"-shta,
shi^-oi^-ga-xa i, we fatten.
you want a sweet apple.
shi°'-ku-ku-ge, robin redbreast.
she' to°-ga zhu-dse wi° ko°-btha, I
shi'-no", again and again.
want a red apple.
shi-no°'-dse, the knee.
she'tse ba-a-zha-be, I pared the
shi-no"'-dse, the bittern, a bird
apples.
belonging to the heron family.
she wa-5ki'-the, apple sauce. shi"'-she-ga, red-bellied woodpecker.
shi, again; and. shi°-to, youth.
shi a'-gi-gthi°, to remount. shi°'-to ho btho°-xe, a j'oung man
shi-a'-a-gi-gthi", I remounted my with a cracked voice.
horse. shi°'-to°-ga, portly; fat.
shi-a'-tha-gi-gthi°, you remounted shi^'-tio-no^-ho", a bachelor; a single
your horse. young man.
shi a'-ki-tha, to fight again or to fight shi "'-to Ehi"-ga, a baby boy.
back. shi-'-to zhi°-ga da'-e tha-gthi" a-
shi'-ba-ha, to reproduce; to make zhi, a willful boy.
over, shi°'-to zhi°-ga the mo" wi" a-kchi
shi pa-xe go° pa-ha, I reproduced, xe a-tha, I am making an arrow
shi shka'-xe go" shpa-ha, you repro- for the boy.
duced, shi "'-to zhi°-ga the mo" wi" tha-kchi
shi o^-ga-xa go° o^-ga-ba-ha i, we xe a-tho, you are making an
reproduced. arrow for the boy.
shi°-ô zhi"-ga thi" kshe sha'-ge —

shko"' thi°-ge shko", motion; thi"-
btha-k'a i-tsi" bi a, he spanked ge, none —
motion-none: motion-
the boy. less,
Bhi°'-to zhi"-ga to" a-gi-shi-be, I zho^-a-be ge shko^-shti-wo" a-zhi,

paid the boy. the leaves are motionless.
shi"'-to zhi"-ga to" bthi-k'i-tha ha, shko°'-thu-ts'a-e hi, to become in-
I tickledthe boy. firm, like a feeble man.
8hi°'-tu zhi°-ga, a boy. shko°'-wa-ga-xe, to incite; to stir up
shi^'-tii zhi^-ga zha'-zhe btha-dse o, strife; to cause a riot.
I called the boy by name. shko°'-wa pa-xe, I stirred up strife.

shi"'-tu zhin-ga zha'-zhe shda-dse o, shko"'-wa shka-xe, you stirred up
you called the boy by name. strife.
shi"'-zha hi, an evergreen water plant, shko"'-o°-wo° ga-xa i, we stirred up

shi o"-do°'-ba thi" ha, Look upon strife.
me again. (From a ritual.) shko" wa-to'-ge, quick in action.

shi-tho"'-dse, knee; that part of the shko"'-zhi-ga-xe, to hinder; to pre-
leg around the kneepan. vent one from doing something,
shi-thi'-zha, to rinse, ni'-lfa-shi-ga to" shko"' -zhi pa-xe,
shi"' to"-ga bi a, he is portly. I prevented the man from going,
shi-tho°'-ds8 ino"-shko", the knee- ni'-ka-shi-ga to" shko"'-zhi shka-xe,
cap. you prevented the man from going,
Shi-tho"'-dse-we-tsi", Strikes-with- ni'-ka-shi-ga to" shko"' -zhi o"-ga-.xa
the-knee. Personal name, i, we prevented the man from going.
shiu'-be, intestines, shku'-be, deep, as deep water.

shka-dse, to play; to sport, shku'-be ga-xe, to deepen; to make
a-shka'-dse, I play, deep,
tha-shka'-dse, you play. shku'-be pa-xe, I make deep,
o"-shka-dsa i, we play. shku'-be shka-xe, you make deep,
shka'-dse gi-5u shka-dse, —sport, shku'-be o "-ga-xa i, we make deep.
play; gi-gu, happy; sportive; full Sho-do' to"-wo", Choteau town. The
of life, Osage name for St. Louis, Mo.
shka'-dse hi wa-thi" —shka-dse, Choteau was a trader among the
sport, play; hi, arrive at; wa-thi", Osage Indians and was very popu-
house or place for: society or club, lar.
shka-sloka'-tho", happy, joyous; face- Sho'-dse, Smoke. Personal name.
tious; humorous. sho'-dse, smoke.
shka'-xa-zhi i"da, you have not made sho'-dse-no", turned to smoke; usu-
it. ally smokes.
shka'-xe tho"-ta zhi, it is not possible sho-ga', thick (as apphed to goods,
for you to do it. skin, or any material).
shki, also. sho'-ka, a ceremonial messenger. This
wi-shki, I also, was an office necessary for com-
thi-shki, you also. municating with the other gentes
o°-gu-shki i, we also, in a ceremonial and authoritative
e-shki, he or she also. manner. A captive was some-
sliki-do"', they may be; even that times chosen to fill this office be-
alone, cause, it is said, he was a real
shko", to move; to stir; to be active, sho'-lja; in order that he may be
a-shko", I am active, easily recognized from others he
tha-shko"', you are active. carries a pipe in his left hand as
o"-shko" i, we are active. his badge of office.
8hko"-a' zhi, not active; inactive. sho'-ka- ô", a herd of buffalo.
sho' mi-ka-5i, coyote. In Osage and sho-°'-ge i-ts'e-the, wolf killer; wolf
Omaha myths the coyote figures poison; jack-in-the-pulpit (Ari-
as the trickster. saeina triphyllum).
sho'-mi-ka-gi ga-be, a black wolf. sho°'-ge i-ts'e-the ino°-ko" pi-zhi,
sho'-mi-ka-si-to°-ga, big coyote; gray strychnine is a poison.
wolf. Sho"'-ge-m.o''-i°, Walking-dog. Per-
sho°, complete; perfect; it is done. sonal name.
sho", all of them, and for all time. Sho"'-ge ni i-bi-ge ts'a-bi ga-xa,
(From a ritual.) Dogs die of thirst; Creek, Okla.
sho°-a'-ba, finally; at length. sho°'-ge pa-5e-go°, dewberry {Rubus
sho°-a'-to°-he, I am still here, stand- villosus). The fruit of the low
ing. blackberry.
sho°'-a-to°-he a-tho, I am still stand- sho°' ge-pa-zhi"-ga, same as sho"
ing. pa-zhi"-ga.
sho°'-tha-to°-she, you are still stand- Shc'-ge-thi-hi, Dog-scarer. Person-
ing. al name.
sho°-a'-zhi, it is not well; something shc'-ge to-ho to°-ga, big blue wolf.
is wrong. 8ho°'-ge tsi, dog-house; a kennel.
shc'-gka tc'-ga, a large white wolf. Sho"'-ge-tsi-e, Dog-passing-by. Per-
8ho°-dse', the scrotum. sonal name.
shc-dse'-gu (Om. same), testicle. sho"'-ge wa-tho°, Wolf Songs. These
sho^-dse' thi°-ge, gelding. songs not only refer to but belong
Shc-dse-thu-ga-bi, where a horse to the Xthe'-ts'a-ge, the command-
was treated. This was the sixth ing officers chosen at the ceremonial
camp in the third buffalo trail and organization of a war party, there
was 25 miles from the fifth. being three songs in this group.
sho^-e'-go", all, whatever kind they The first has two stanzas, and in
may be. (From a ritual.) this the Xthe'-ts'a-ge are likened,
sho°'-ge, dog or wolf. as they go over the land, to noisy
sho°'-ge thi"-ke a-a-no°-zhi°, T wolves, because their scouts as
stepped on the dog. they come and go call to each other,
sho°'-ge thi°-ke a-tha-no°-zhi'', you giving forth the cries of the wolves.
stepped on the dog. The second song is composed of
Shc'-ge a-ga-k'e go", Dog suspended eight lines and refers to the eight
in the sky; Dog star; paraphrase of commanders, who, when reaching
wi-gi-e. a decision, speak as though with
Verily, the Chief Messenger
one voice. The third and last
Hastened to song of this group refers to the
The side of the heavens, success in overcoming the enemy,
Where lay Sho^'-ge, the dog (Sirius) as though and has one stanza.
suspended in the sky,
And returned with him to the people,
sho°'-ge wa-tho°, Wolf Songs. These
They spake to him, saying: O grandfather. are the Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge ver-
The little ones have nothing of which to make sion and are supplicatory in
their symbols.
character, being an appeal to the
(From Taking a Life Symbol.)
supernatural to grant the com-
8ho°'-ge sa-be, black wolf. manders the same powers bestow-
8ho°'-ge gka, white wolf. ed upon the wolf to aid them in
—
8ho°'-ge e-go" sho"-ge, wolf; e-go°, overcoming their enemies. In the
like: wolfish. third song there is an appeal for
sho°'-ge hi°-û, the gray wolf. success of the warriors; the fourth
—
sho°'-ge i-5i wa-the shc'-ge, dog; is a special appeal to the god of
i'-gi-wa-the, hateful, ill tempered: night and to the god of day, these
an ill-tempered dog. being the only supernatural powers
sho°'-ge wa-tho°— continued. sho'-sho-ka wa-tho°— continued,

who could give the warriors ef- is the version of the Tsi'-zhu Wa-
fectual aid. shta-ge gens, and the refers to
8ho"'-ge xo-dse, gray wolf. part that the osprey, a mystic
8ho°'-ge zho-i-ga-the, Dog-people. bird, plays when the warriors are
Refers to the Dog Star as the life being pursued by the enemy.
symbol. The name Sho°'-ge Soon after the warriors return
includes coyotes, gray wolves, and there is a ceremony called Wa-
all other kinds of dogs. This is do'-ka We-ko, at which time a

also the name of a subgens of the group of songs entitled O-gtha'-ge
Ci"-dsc A-gthe gens; acts as Sho'- Wa-tho° is presented. These Fire
ka to both itself and the gens. Songs speak of the osprey 's
sho"'-gthi°-dse, May apple {Podophyl- mysterious action when the smoke
lum 'peltatum). This plant has of the fire carries heavenward the
a fruit that is liked more by the petitions of the warriors.
Osage for its odor than for its sho-the', come toward you.
taste. Sho-zho-e-ino°-thi°, a Mormon.
She °'-ha-u-ki-pa-tse, Buffalo-robe. shpa-tho°'he, my grandchild.
Personal name. Refers to the shpe'-zhi°-ga, fragment.
robe which a man threw away shpo°, sodden; softened by soaking in
when attacked by a buffalo. water.
shc'l" da, enough; satisfying. shpo°-the, to soak a skin in water in
—
shc'-ka a-zhi sho^'-ka, the archaic process of tanning.
name for nine, now used only in shta, hairless; destitute of hair.
a card game; a-zhi, scattered: shta'-ge, tepid; slightly warmed; (2)
nine spot in deck of cards. stagnant.
sho°'-pa-gthe-se, quail; bobwhite; shta'-ha, slick; (2) smooth.
striped headed. This word in shti'-de, to warm an object by holding
modern times is spelled sho°'-pa- it in the hands,
'the-ê. o "-shti'-de, I warmed it in my hands,
sho°'-pa-thu-5e, a bobwhite. {See thi'-shti-de, you warmed it in your
sho"'-pa-gthe-ge.) hands,
sho°'-pa-zhi°-ga, little-nose grey- wa-shti'-da i, we warmed it in our
hound. hands.
sho°'-sho°-e, forever; always; without shto°, in the habit of; habitually;
stopping, constantly.
sho^'-sho" mo°-thi° o, go without e-go° shto° bi a, he is in the habit
stopping. of doing it.
Sho^'-shc-i", the Osage name for the shto'-zha, crooked; wry.

Shoshone Tribe of Indians. zho" xa ke shto'-zha, the stick is
sho°'sho°-xti, verily without stopping. crooked.

sho"' thi^-kshe i" da, even as he sat; shu'-be, entrails; intestines.
while yet he sat. (From a ritual.) shu'-be thi-btha-5e, to tear or
shc'-to", a while longer. lacerate the bowel.
Sho'''-to°-sa-be, Black-dog. Personal shu'-be thu-ta-the, to disembowel.
name. shu-be u-5ka' thi°-kshe, the white
shc'-tse, as it is; in fact. en trail.
Sho°-xt8i pa-xe, all of them I have shu-the', coming where you are.
made to be. (From a ritual.) (From a ritual.)
sho'-sho-ka, osprey. The osprey is stse-dse', tall; a tall man; (2) long.
used as an emblem in the Osage stse-dse' ga-xe, to make longer,
rites. stse-dse' pa-xe, I make longer,
sho'-sho-ka wa-tho", Songs of the stse-dse' shka-xe, you make longer,
Osprey. This group of three songs stse-dse' o°-ga-xa i, we make longer.
stse'-ge, split. stse'-tse tha-ki-gthi shto°, you are

sho°'-ge a-ka no"-ta stse'-ge bi a, the determined to go.
dog has a spUt ear. 8tsiu'no°-zhi" o, stand upright,
stse tho°-ta zhi, it will not be possible stsu, straight.
for you to go. mo^'-ke stsu, the arrow is straight.
T
ta, deer (archaic, ta-xtsi). The flesh —
ta-be' continued.
of this animal was used by the such as bows and arrows. The
Osage and Omaha for food and the Ho°'-ga people put theirs in one
skin for clothing. The sinew was pile and the Tsi'-zhu in another.
used for sewing. The process of When all have brought in their
dressing the skin was as follows: stakes a warrior is called upon to
(1) The hair was removed with a recount his warlike deeds, at the
peculiar kind of scraper, after close of which he receives his fee,
several days of soaking' in water; and then tosses the ball in the air;
(2) the skin was then dried and then the struggle begins, each side
oiled with fat or buffalo brains; striving to drive the ball between
(3) then a second soaking in water; one or the other of the two goals
(4) finally dried and rubbed which are set a running distance
against a sinew cord fastened to an apart. When the game is won
upright post. the stakes are distributed among
â, inthat direction. Term used in the winners, after which all the
ceremonial ritual. players feast together and laugh
â, shall; he shall; you shall. over the comical incidents of the
â, meat of any kind. game. The men have their own
â, the deer. Term used in cere- ball games and the women have
monial ritual. theirs.
â'-a-ba, they shall. ta-be'-5u, ball stick.
â a-ka, it will. â-be'-5u i-ba-sta-dse, a curved stick
ni-zhiu' ta a-ka, it will rain, covered with a net used by the
a-gthe' ta a-ka, he will go home. Chippewas in a certain kind of
ta ba-do°, that they may. ball game. It is also used by the
ta-be', ball. (Om. same.) The Osage Osage, Iowa, Kansas, and Winne-
usually make their balls of the root bago Tribes.
of a plant called ta-be' hi, ball Ta'-bi-5pa bi, the does crouch to hide:
tree; sometimes of the root of the September.
grapevine. The game which is â bi° da, they shall. (From the
called ga-giu played in honor of
is ritual.)
the dead. Sometimes when the ta'-biu-§ka, whitleather; the nuchal
people of the village become ligament; term used in butchering.
despondent from lack of work to ta'-bthe, to hunt deer; deer hunting.
do the principal men come to- ta'-bthe gi-tha-gthi°, one who loves
gether to set a daj' on which to to hunt; a sportsman.
awaken them with the game of ta'-bthe-zho° the, to go deer hunting
ball. In this game the people of and sleep out if necessary,
the two great tribal divisions the — ta'-bthe zoh°-bthe, I go deer hunting
Ho^'-ga and the Tsi'-zhu contend — and will sleep out if necessary,
against each other. On the day ta'-bthe o°-ga tha i, we go deer hunt-
appointed the men and women of ing and will sleep out if necessary.
these two divisions bring to the ta'-ga-zhi, eccentric; odd character.
field their finery and weapons, â-ce' kshi-the, a minute.
136 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY fnnx. loij
â-ci', nniskrat. The muskrat was ta'-do-ka pa'-Qno" mi kshe o, I am

used for food before the coming of roasting meat (on a sharpened
the white man, and when the fur stick).
traders came the pelt becam.e ta'-do-lfa shpa-gno" ni kshe o, you
useful as an article of trade. are roasting meat (on a sharpened
Ta-5i"'-e, Deer's tail. Personal name. stick)
ta-5i"'-dse, a deer's tail. ta do", that he might,
ta-5i"'-dse a-gtho", deer's tail head- ta do", shall we do.
dress; a warrior's decoration. ta do", to do so; pressed with the desire
ta-gi"'-dse a-gtho" tha-gthi° xtsi wi" to rest; a ritual expression referring
a-bthi" ha, I have a very fine to the hibernating of the bear,
deer-tail headdress. â-dse', the winds, the four quarters of
ta-5i°-dse Qa-be— ta, deer; ci°-dse, tlie earth; (2) air.
tail; ga-be, black — black-tailed- ta'-dse a-k'a. tse, south wind; south,
deer. This animal was used by ta'-dse ba-50" tse, north wind; north.
both the Osage and Omaha for â-dse'-ga-sa-gi, windy.
food. The remarks on the ta ta-dse'-<;a-gi, violent wind; wind-
apply to the black-tailed deer, storm; a gale,
excepting as to the use in the tribal ta-dse' sa-gi bi a, the wind was
rites. strong,
"Ta-î^'-dse ^ka, White-tailed deer. ta-dse do-ba ha, division of the winds
Name of a gens. into four parts,
ta-cka' Qka, the spotted thrush. This ta-dse' ga-ku-wi°-xe, whirls around
bird has a beautiful voice. It sings by the wind; a windmill,
toward the sky in an excited ta-dse' ga-xo-e, the soughing of the
manner, wind.
ta-gka', sheep. ta'-dse ga-xpa tse, east wind; east,
â-gka'a-ba-ta, sheep fence; a corral, ta-dse' gtho"-the, great windstorm; a
ta-gka' a-dc-be, a shepherd. tempest,
ta-5ka'-hi°, wool; the hair of the sheep; ta-dse he' -no "-ha te, in the midst of
cotton. the winds.
â- ska' -hi" u-zhi, a wool sack; a sack "Ta'-dse-hiu-e, The-coming-of-the-
for carrying wool. wind. Personal name.
ta-gka'a-dc-be a-ka sho"-ge wi° 'Ta-dse'-k'o-e, Soughing-of-the-wind.
a-thi" a-ka, the shepherd has a Personal name,
dog. ta'-dse mo°-ha tse, west wind; west.
—
ta-gka' hi° wa-to" ta-^ka hi", sheep â-dse' pa-ho"-gthe thi°-dsi, winds
hair or wool; wa-to", goods: woolen that move in advance of a storm.
goods, ta-dse pi'-zhi, a bad wind; blustery.
ta-gka'-rai-ga, ewe, a female sheep, —
ta-dse' po-e ta-dse, air; po-e, ignites:
ta-gka' sho"-dse-i°-ge, a castrated gas.
ram. ta-dse thi-5o"'-tha, the wind turns.
ta-gka' ta, mutton; white deer meat. Ta-dse'-to°, Owner-of-thc-wind. Per-
The sheep is called white deer. sonal name,
ta-5ka'tsi, sheep house; sheep cote. ta-dse u-pe' ga-xe ta-dse, air or —
ta-ska'zhi"-ga, little white deer; a wind; u-pe, to enter; ga-xe, to
lamb. make — to - make - wind - or - air - to -
ta-5po"', the red hav/; thorn apple, enter: ventilate,
â' da-Qa-ge, a process of preparing ta-dse u-pe pa-xe, I ventilated,
meat, known as jerked meat. It ta-dse u-pe shka-xe, you ventilated.
is sliced when fresh into thin ta-dse u-pe o"-ga-xa i, we ventilated,
stripsand dried in the sun and ta-ge, walnut. The Osage knew only
wind, or roasted on a frame one kind of walnut, the black,
arranged over a fire trench. ta'-ge ha, walnut hulls.
.
LA FLESCHE OSAGE DICTIONARY 137
â'-ge hi, black walnut tree (Juglans •Ta-he' -ga-xe, Antlered-deer or Deer-
nigra) with-branching-horn. Personal
Ta' ge hi ba-tse, Walnut Grove River; name.
North fork of the Canadian River, ta-he' -sha-be, the dark-horned deer.
ta'-ge-hiu, the black walnut (Juglans This is also the name given to a
nigra). The Osage use the nut of subgens of the 0'-po° gens; acts
this tree for food. The bark and as Sho'-ka to both itself and the
leaves are used for enticing fish to gens.
the hook when one is fishing, Ta-he'-xa-ga, Short-horned-deer.
ta'-ge sha-e, black walnut. Personal name.
ta'-ge sha-e hi a-wa-no°-bthe wi" ta-hi'-kc-stse, muscle of the lower
a-bthi° ha, I have a black walnut leg.
table, ta'-hiu, the neck; the nape of the
ta-gthe'-shka, deer tick; t^-, deer; neck.
gthe-shka, tick or bug. —
ta'-hiu ga-ba-xe ta'-hiu, back of the
ta-gthe'-shka to°-ga., deer tick; a neck; ga-ba-xe, to cut to cut —
kind of grub that buries itself the back of the neck; to behead.
under the skin of an animal. ta'-hiu-ga-gta, curve in the neck.
Ta-gthe'-shka u-tsi u-pshe, Deer- ta'-hiu i-ba, a swelling of the neck;
tick Ford, mumps.
ta-gthe'-zhe hu-tc^, cry of the fawn; shi"'-to zhi°-ga a-ka ta-hiu i-ba o°,
deer decoy call. the boy has mumps.
ta-gthe'-zhe zhi°-ga, a young spotted ta'-hiu-ko°, the jugular vein.
deer; a fawn, ta'-hi u-sdo-zha, curve of the neck,
ta-gthe'-zhe, a fawn; young deer, as the swan's.
ta-ha, deer skin. These are used at ta'-hiu-wa-shko", tonsil.
the Wa-sha-be A-thi° (War Cere- ta'-hiu-wa-shko° ni-e, a very sore
mony) for distribution among the throat; tonsillitis.
Do-do "'-ho °-ga. They are to be ta-hno°'-ga, a striped squirrel.
worn on the shoulders during the ta-hno°'-ga-gthe-se, a chipmunk.
ceremonies. Next, downy feathers Ta'i-ni-ka-shi-ga, same as No^'-po"-
(eagle's) are distributed; these are da; Deer People.
worn on the crown of the head as ta-i'-tse, they shall.
a sacred insignia. These deer- ta i t3i° da, they shall. Ritual ex-
skins and feathers are furnished b,y pression.
certain gentes of the Wa'-zha-zhe ta-ki"'-de, base of the sinews; the
subdivision. sacrum.
X& ha, toward. Ta ki'-thi-xa-bi, (moon) in which the
(lUus.) ni kshe ta ha, toward the deer rut: October.
water or river, ta'-ko, divine; sacred.
ta-ha' ga-stsu-stsu-e, fringes of any ta-ô' i°-da, mysterious it is.
kind of clothing made of deerskin, ta-ko°', sinew. The sinew made from
ta-ha' ho°-be, deerskin moccasins, deerskin was used for sewing.
ta-ha' nu-ka, wet deerskin, ta-ko^'-ho", sinew twist, used in sew-
ta-ha'-thi-zhi", a game played by ing.
children. This is a game in which Ta-ko'^'-i°-ge, No-sinews. Personal
one child pinches the upper part name. Refers to the black bear
of the back of the another child's that has no sinews.
hand, ta-ko^'-i-dse, the fleshy part of the
ta-he' ba-gi-ge, deer with sharp horns. hip; the haunch; (2) the cords at
Ta-he'-ba-xo° bi, When the deer break the back of the neck.
(shed) their horns. The name of ta-mi'-ga, a female deer; a doe.
the first month of winter: No- ta ini°-kshe, I shall. Ritual expres-
vember. sion.
Xa-rao"', an angleworm; earthworm, Ta-pa' zho-i-ga-the, Deer-head or

â-ni', soup; broth. Pleiades people. The name of a
ta-no"'-k'a, paper of any kind, subgens of the Ho" Zho'-i-ga-the
—
ta-nc'-k'a-si ta-no"-k'a, paper; gi, gens; acts as Sho-ka to both itself
yellow: a gold certificate. and the gens.

ta-no"'-k'a-5ka, a draft; a money â-pe'-shta e-go", beef hind quarters.
order (white paper). Looks like the forehead.
â-no"'-k'a-5ka zo-dse, a gray draft •â'-pshe, pemmican. Both the Osage
or money order. This was used and the Omaha prepare this from
by the Indians to express the name jerked lean meat of any kind,
of a draft or money order, owing roasted and pounded, then mixed
to the gray east of the paper, with marrow grease. In former
when they received either from times this was prepared for use
the Government. in long-distance travel. Prepared
ta-no°'-k'a-hi, paper tree; the birch in this way, it is a great conven-
(Betula). ience for lunches,
Ta-nc'-k'S'-hiu-gth.e ga-xa, Pawnee ta'-pshe o°-gu, I like pemmican.
head Creek. At this place the ta'-pshe thi-gu, you like pemmican.
Osage killed a Pawnee and stuck t;a'-pu-ska, a school-teacher.
his head on a pole. This is also ta'-pu-gka wi-ta u-xta a-gi-the, I
the name of a creek in Okla- like my school-teacher.

homa, Paper Tree Creek or Birch Ta'-pu-gka tsi, Mission House
Creek, (School).
ta-noo'-k'a-k'o" — ta-no°-k'a, paper; â-shka' §kiu-e, sweet acorn,
k'o°, gamble or a game: a deck â-shka'-gkiu-e hi, sweet acorn tree,
of cards; playing cards. the oak family {Quercus alba).
—
ta-no°'-k'a mo°-se-Sl5:a ta-no°-k'a, t;a'-shka hi, buckeye (Aesculus). A
paper; mo°-9e-fka,money: a check. kind of tea is made from this tree
—
ta-no"'-k'a to-ho ta-no-'-k'a, paper; and taken just before a sweat
to-ho, green; green-paper-money: bath to bring up bile. This is
currency. also the name given to the white
ta-no"'-k'a we-bi-shda-ha, sand- oak tree.
paper. Ta-shka'-wa, a personal name used as
ta-no"-k'a xo-dse, gray paper, so a nickname given by the mother
called because of the gray cast to to a young man because he was
the paper with which the Indians always singing the song by that
were paid by the Government. name,
—
ta-no°'-k'a zhi-°ga ta-no°-lj:'a, pa- â'-shpi, the end of a pole with a
per; zhi"-ga, small, little: cigarette. knoblike tip.
ta'-no"-ta'-stse-e, long-eared deer; \& ta-do-ka, venison; meat of the
mule deer. deer,
Ta-pa' (Om. same). Deer Head. The a-ba tha-tse tha-gthi° bi
ta' ta-do-lj:a
Osage name for the Pleiades. In venison is good to eat.
a,
the child-naming ritual of the ta-tha', to crumble; ruin.
Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge gens the tsi ga-ta-tha, the crumbling of a
Pleiades is addressed as grand- house,
mother, and is paired with the ta tha-bthi°, Three Deer; Orion's belt.
Great Bear, called (Wa'-ba-ha by In the child-naming ritual of the
both Osage and Omaha), who is Osage, Three Deer is addressed as
addressed as grandfather, grandfather, and Stars-strung-to-
ta'-pa-hu-zhu, neck; deer's neck, gether (theta and iota, in Orion)
â-pa'wa-gthu-shka e-go°, resem- as grandmother, suggesting a mar-
bles a deer tick; a cartridge. ital relation between the two.
â'-tha-ga-pa, a wood tick. Ta Wa-tho° — continued.

—
ta-tha'-ta-zhiho"-ba ta, meat; tha- the form in which the skin must
ta, eat; zhi, not; hoM)a, day; day- be cut; the sixth and last of these
iiot-eat-meat: Friday. songs has a subtitle, Wa-k'i°' Wa-
Ta-tha'-xi°, Deer's Lungs. Name of tho", the Carrying Song, and is
a gens. descriptive of the various scenes in
ta-tho" sa'-gi, the meat is tough. which the successful hunter finds
â'tho" ga-ka, dsiu-dsa zhi ha, the the fallen deer, and the throwing
meat is uncooked. of the animal upon his back,
ta'-thu-shu-zhe, the heron. carrying it to his home. The
ta tc'-ga, big deer; a buck deer. Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge version of
Ta-to^'-ga-ga-xa, Buck Creek. these songs give seven in number
â-to"'-ga zhi^-ga, a young male deer. and are known as Wa-tho" Pe-
ta-to'-xa, foam; froth; soapsuds; saUva. tho'i-be. Song of Seven.
ta-t8i"-da, you will. (From a ritual.) ta-we'-gthi i-zhe-gtho°, fried beef.

â' u-ga-tsi, broiled beef, or jerked ta'we-thi-xthi, the head of a deer.
meat. ta-wo°-ga, a large doe, that looks like
â'-u-gtho", meat pie. a buck ready to grow horns.
ta'-u-kia-ho° u-gtho°, meat-put-be- Ta-xe'-wa-the xa bi, Where Ta-xe'-
tween; sandwich. wa-the is buried.
â'-u-ko°-ska, center meat, lies on the â-xi', a sound like the chopping of
stomach of the buffalo, a great wood.
delicacy; the pancreas. â-xpi', crown of the head. Frequently
â'-wa-gthu-shka, stag-beetle. The found in rituals.
deer hunter fastens to his hunting â-xpi'-a-ga-ha, the waxwing.
pouch a stag beetle for good luck ta'-xtsi, the real deer (archaic).
when the deer-hunting season Ta-zhe'-ga, Deer's-leg. Personal
begins. name.
ta-wa'-hi-o", rawhide case used for ta'zhu, flesh; meat.
clothing and for the storage of te, in order that you may.
jerked meat. te' i" shta-tha-xu-be, probably the
Ta Wa-tho", Deer Songs. These Savannah sparrow. After a rain

songs are sometimes spoken of as this little bird perches itself on
Ta Gi'-bo° Wa-tho°, Songs of a stalk of the gum weed, throws
Calling the Deer. These are the its head and tail joyously, and
first of the composed for
songs greets with its thrilling notes the
the war rites and have to do with sunshine and the blue sky.
the search of plants which are te-mc'-hi", presternum cartilage that
consecrated for the use of the covers the breastbone; the ensiform
people as food. There are si.x of appendage at the end of the stern-
these songs. The first has two um; it is sword-shaped.
stanzas; the second song the sister te-zhe-be te o°-gu-ga'-ts'i°, we
deer is calling to its mate; in the peeped in the door.
third song the call is continued, tha, they go forth.
with a divining spirit by which tha, of which you make. (From a
she sees one in the act of wounding ritual.)
another; the fourth song the scene tha-ba'-xe, to bite in two a string or
is changed from the rush-covered cord.
house to the woods; the fifth is tha-be'-gi-the, to villify, defame,
known as the Wa-pa'-dse Wa- slander; evil report,
tho", the Butchering Song, which btha'-be-gi-the, I defame,
represents the wounded Deer as shna'-be-gi-the, you defame,
being butchered, and relates to o^-tha'-be-gi-tha 1, we defame.
67025—32^ 10
140 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. lOtf
tha bi tho" shki, when they go to tha'-gthi° ge no" ba-hi continued, —

war. (From a ritual.) tha'-gthi" ge no" pa-hi, I selected the
tha'-bthi°, three, good,
tha'-bthi" no°-the, to deal out by tha'-gthi" ge no" shka-hi, you se-
threes; three to each, lected the good,
tha'-bthi" o°, three times; thrice. tha'-gthi" ge no" o"-ba-hi i, we
tha'-bthi° o" e-dsi pshi e tho, I have selected the good.
been there three times. tha-gthi°'-xtsi, exquisite; perfection.
Tha'-bthi^-wa-xthi", Slayer-of -three. tha-gtho"'-gtho"-tha, that part of an
Personal name, animal that must be thoroughly
tha-btho^'-bthc-ge, to make a pe- cooked (boiled) before it can be
culiar sound when chewing on eaten, being very tough. This
corn or any food. term is used when butchering,
Tha-Qiu'-e, Whistle. Personal name, tha'-ha, when.
tha-sta'-be, to taste; to lick, as sugar a-lji e tha-ha, when I get home.
off a cookie, Thi-hi'-bi, Scared-up. Personal

btha'-gta-be, I tasted it. name. Refers to the flight of the
shna'-gta-be, you tasted it. deer from the hunter.
o'l-tha'-gta-ba i, we tasted it. tha-hni', to gulp or swallow,
tha-5ta'-go. (See tha-wa'-gka.) btha'-hni, I swallow,
tha-5u'-§u-e, a whistle made of elder na'-hni, you swallow.
stalk. {See mo°-go'-dse.) o"-tha'-hni i, we swallow,
tha-dc'-he, to exalt, extol, glorify, ta tho" btha-hni, I swallowed the
praise. meat,
btha-do°-he, I praise. ta tho" sta-hni, you swallowed the
shda'-do°-he, you praise. meat,
o°-tha'-do°-ha i, we praise, ta tho" o°-tha-hni i, we swallowed the
tha-dse' (Om. same), to call as by meat,
name; to pronounce, tha-ho'-da, ridicule; deride; derision.
btha'-dse, I call by name, btha'-ho-da, I ridiculed,
shda'-dse, you call by name, shta'-ho-da, you ridiculed.
o^-tha'-dsa i, we call by name, o°-tha'-ho-da i, we ridiculed.
tha'-ge, to wear, as a cap. tha-ho"', to express gratitude; thanks,
btha'-ge, I wear (a cap), ni'-â-shi-ga a-ka wa-ho"'-a i ha, the
shna'-ge, you wear (a cap), man expressed gratitude,
o^-tha'-ga i, we wear (a cap), btha'-hon, I thanked him.
tha-gthe'-gthe-ge, a coyote. {See shna'-ho", you thanked him.
sho'-mi-ka-gi.) o "-tha' -ho" i, we thanked him.
tha'-gthi", good, tha-ho"'-zhi, to defame; (2) defama-
ho tha'-gthi°, a good voice, tion; libel.
ha-xi" tha-gthi°, a good blanket, btha'-ho"-zhi, I defamed his charac-
tha-gthi", peaceful and beautiful. ter.
Expression used in a ritual. shta'-ho"-zhi, you defamed his char-
tha'-gthi", fine, as a fine horse, acter.
tha'-gthi", nice; pleasing in manner; o"-tha'-ho" ba-zhi i, we defamed his
a nice piece of goods. character,
tha'-gthi", exceedingly good; splendid. tha-k'e'-ki-the, self-pity; inward hurt.
tha'-gthi° a-zhi°, to think well of a tha-^'e-a-lj;i-the, I was inwardly hurt
person or thing, (feeUngs).
tha'-gthi" a-gi zhi", he thinks well tha-lf'e-tha-lj:i-the, you pitied your-
own.
of his self.
tha'-gthi° ge no° ba-hi, to select tha-^'e-o"-ki-tha i, we were hurt

only good; to choose
the the inwardly (feelings)
good; to pick out the good. tha-k'©'-tha, holds in favor.
I. A flesche] OSAGE DICTIONARY 141
tha-k'e tha-bi gC-tha, a longing, tha'-po"ga, a mosquito.

tha-k'e-the, to be tender, gentle, and tha'-po"-ge u-tsi e-tho, mosquitoes
sympathetic to one who suffers are plentiful.
with grief or is in great trouble; Tha'-pc-ge-u-tsi, Mosquito River,
tenderness; kind-heartedness, Okla.
tha-k'e' -the, to relent; to be less tha-pshe', to hold an object in the
harsh in the treatment of a captive; mouth,
lenity; to be merciful, btha'-pshe, I held it mouth,
in my
tha-k'e' -a-the, I was merciful. shda'-pshe, you held your mouth.
it in
tha-k'e' -tha-the, you were merci- o°-tha'-psha i, we held it in our

ful. mouths.
tha-l>^'e'-o°-tha i, we are merciful, tha-shki'-ge, to chew,
tha-k'e'-the tha-gthi" a-zhi, in- btha-shki'-ge, I chew,
grate; an ungrateful person, na-shki-ge, you chew.
tha-k'e' wa-the, to have pity or com- o°-tha'-shki-ga i, we chew,
passion for others, tha-pu'-ki, to make a smacking
tha-k'e' a-wa-the, I pity them, sound with the hps.
tha-k'e' wa-tha-the, you pity them, btha'-pu-ki, I made a smacking
tha-k'e o"-wo''-tha i, we pity them. sound,
tha-k'i', to spit; expectorate, shda'-pu-lti, you made a smacking
btha-k'i, I expectorate, sound.
sda-lj'i, you expectorate. o°-tha'-pu-kii, we made a smacking
o°-tha-k'i i, we expectorate. sound.

bi a to°-de ke-di, he spit on
tha-li:'i tha-sho'-dse, whiff of smoke.
the ground, tha'-sho", to bite on something hard
tha-ki'e tha-ha, when you get home, and strain the teeth.
tha-k'i' -tha, to have an itching sensa- btha'-sho°, I bit something hard,
tion, shda'-sho", you bit something hard.
a-ki'-gthi-k'i-tha, I have an itching o°-tha'-sho° i, we bit something
sensation, hard,
tha-ki'-gthi-k'i-tha, you have an tha-shpe' (Om. same), to bite off a
itching sensation. piece,
o°-ki'-gthi Ij'i-tha i, we have an he-be btha-shpe, I bit off a piece,
itching sensation, he-be shda-shpe, you bit off a piece,
tha-ki-the, caused yourself to be. he-be o°-tha-shpa i, we bit off a piece.
tha'-ki-zhi°, you quarreled with him. tha-shto°', to stop whatever one is
tha-ni'-ka-shi-ga, to personify; to doing; used as a command,
represent a thing as having per- btha-shto"', I stopped crying.
sonal qualities. na-shto°, you stop crying.
tha-no°'-5i-hi, you scraped your feet o"-tha'-shto° i, we stop crying,
clean before entering the house, tha'-stse-ge, to make a gash in the
tha-nc'-spo", you nudged with your flesh,
foot to attract his attention. btha-stse-ge, I gashed the flesh,
tha-no°'-he, the side of the head shna-stse-ge, you gashed the flesh.
around the temples. o°-tha-stse-ga i, we gashed the flesh,
tha-nc'-ho" u-ba-zhu, cheek bone. tha'-stsu-tse, to draw into the mouth
tha-no'''-zhi''-zho°, you took the rite by inhalation,
of vigil. {See nc'-zhio-zho".) btha'-stsu-tse, I inhaled (the smoke)
tha-pi'-zhi, execrate, through my mouth,
tha-po'-po-ki, redwing blackbird. na-stsu-tse. You inhaled through the
This bird is mentioned in the mouth,
ritual of the birth of the sacred oo-tha'-stse-tsa i, we inhale through
hawk. the mouth.
tha'-ta, the left;on the left; left- tha-wa'-5ka, to make a clear state-
handed. (Om. same.) ment,
tha-ta'-dsi, at the left side, btha'-wa-gka xtsi, I made a clear
tha'-ta tâ u-ba-he, toward the left statement,
side; the left side. shta'-wa-gka xtsi, you made a clear
tha-tha'-gthi°, to recommend a man statement.
for his ability and character, or o°-tha'-wa-gka xtsi i, we made a clear i
quality of goods or merchandise; statement.

to extol, tha-wa'-ko°-da, to deify; to worship. J
btha'-tha-gthi", I recommend, btha'-wa-ko^-da, I worship. j
shna'-tha-gthi", you recommend, na'-wa-ko°-da, you worship,

o^-tha'-tha-gthi" i, we recommend. on-tha'-wa-ko^-da i, we worship.
tha-thi"'-she, you who are going. tha-wa' -ko°-da-gi, to represent a
tha-tho°'-a-zhi, to decry; to belittle, sacred object as having supernat-
btha'-tho" mo°-zhi, I decry, ural powers.
shta'-tho" a-zhi, you decry, tha-wa'-ti° i° a-zhi, not easily heard;
o^-tha'-tho" ba-zhi i, we decry, inaudible; (2) he did not mention it.
tha-thu'to", to straighten with the tha-wa'-to°-i°, to divulge; to make
teeth. known something that was to be
btha'-thu-to°, I straighten with my kept a secret,
teeth. da'-do" a-a-no"-xthe tse btha-wa-
shda'-thu-to°, you straighten with to^-i" ha, I divulged the secret.
the teeth. da'-do° a-tha-no°-xthe tse shna-wa-
o°-tha'-thu-to° i, we straighten with to°-i° ha, you divulged the secret.
the teeth, da'-do° o^-ga-no^-xthe tse o°-tha-
tha-to"', to drink; to quaff. wa-to°-i° i, we divulged the secret.
btha'-to°, I drink. tha-wa'-u-ino°-ka, that which can
shna'-to°, you drink. be counted; numerable,
o°-tha'-to° i, we drink, tha'-xi, the lungs.
pe'-zhe mo^-ko^ fa-e btha-to", I tha'-xia-tha, the act of cutting down
drink tea. a tree with an ax, having the same
pe'-zhe mo^-ko" ga-e shta-to", you effect upon the tree as when the
drink tea. beaver uses his teeth.
wa-btha'-to°, I drank. tha'-xi", the lungs of a man or an
wa-shda'-to°, you drank. animal.
o°-wo°'-tha-to° i, we drank. tha-xi°', the drying up of a well;
tha-to°'-ho°, to masticate; to chew receding of a flood.
thoroughly. tha'-xi°-bi-5e, dried-up lungs: con-
btha'-to"-ho», I chew thoroughly. sumption.
na'-to°-ho°, you chew thoroughly. tha-xo°', to break by biting,
o"-tha'-to°-ho° i, we chew thor- btha'-xo", I broke by biting.
oughly. shna'-xo°, you broke by biting.
tha-to°-she, standing. (From a rit- o°-tha'-xo° i, we broke by biting,
ual.) tha-xta'-ge, to bite,
tha-tse', to eat. btha'-xta-ge, I bite,
btha'-tse, I eat. shta'-xta-ge, you bite.
sta'-tse, you eat. o°-tha'-xta-ga i, we bite.
o^-tha'-tsa i, we eat. tha'-xtho°-zhe, to crush with the
tha-tse'tha-gthi", dehcious; good to teeth.
eat. btha'-xtho°-zhe, I crush with my
tha-wa', to reckon; to compute; to teeth.
count, shta'-xtho°-zhe, you crush with your
btha'-wa, I count, teeth.
shta'-wa, you count. o°-tha'-xtho°-zha i, we crush with
o°-tha'-wa i, we count. our teeth.
.
LA FLKSCHK] OSAGE DICTIONARY 143
tha-xu'-e, dragged with his teeth, the e-a'-wa-kshe nii"-kshe o, that

btha'-xu-e, I dragged it with my is what I mean.
teeth, the e-go° mc-thi" ta i tsi" da, in

shda'-xu-e, you dragged it with your this manner they shall travel.
teeth. (From a ritual.)
o°-tha'-xu-a i, we dragged it with our the ga, here; at this place.
teeth, mo°-zho° the ga, in this land,
tha'-zhi, to remain. the-ga'-ha, here; in this region; in
btha'mo°-zhi, I remain, this neighborhood; local.
sda'zhi, you remain. the-ga'--to°, from this place,
o°-ga'-tha ba-zhi, we remain, the' -ga-xe, to send. {See the'-the.)
tha'-zhi ga-xe, to detain. the'-pa-xe, I sent it.
tha'-zhi pa-xe, I detained (him), the' -shka-xe, you sent it.
tha'-zhi shka-xe, you detained (him) the'-o^-ga-xa i, we sent it.
tha'-zhi c-ga-xa i, we detained the'-go°, Hke this; this kind.

(him). the-go°'-dsi, now; at the present
tha-zho°'-tha, crumbs. time.
tha-zhu'-zhi, to insult by word; to the-go°'-tha-zhi, no desire to go.
speak of one with contempt, bthe'-ko°-btha mo°-zhi, I do not
btha'-zhu mo°-zhi, I insulted him. want to go.
shta'-zhu-zhi, you insulted him. ne'-shko°-sda zhi a, you do not want
C-tha'-zhu ba-zhi i, we insulted him. to go.
the, use them. Term used in cere- o°-ga'-the o^-go^-tha ba zhi i, we do
monial ritual, not want to go.
the, an oral stop used by females. the go°'-dsi u-gthi° a-ka, incum-
wi°-dse-gi a-gthe the, uncle I am bent; the present occupant of the
going home, house,
the, this. the go°'-dsi-xtsi, now, at this present
the, moving. Term used in ceremo- time; instantly; at once,
nial ritual, the ho°, how will this serve?
the'-a-ba, these; with reference to the i° do, to be going,
people or animals. bthe' i° do, I am going,
the a-ka, this (person) sitting. ne' i° do, you are going.
the a'-the, I send them. (From a o°-ga tha i° do, we are going,
ritual.) the'-kshe, this that lies here: this
the'-ba, the under jaw; the jaw. gun, this pipe.
the'-5e, tongue. the'-no°, this much.
the'-ge i-ta-xe, tip of the tongue, the'-no° a-bthi° ha, I have this much,
the'-ge u-ba-gi-ge, to stutter; to the no°', he always.
stammer; tongue-tied, the'-o°-the, let us send him.
the-ge o°-wo°-ba-Qi-ge, I stutter, the'-shka, the throat,
the-ge u-thi-ba-gi-ge, you stutter, the'-shka wa-hiu, collar bone,
shi^'-to zhi°-ga to" the-ge u-ba-gi-ge, the'-shka u-xthu-xa, the hollow of
the boy is tongue-tied. the throat.
The'-ge-xa-ga, Rough-tongue. Per- the'-shki-do°, and this also,
sonal name. Refers to the rough the'-ta-sho" (Om. same), the navel;
tongue of the buffalo, umbilicus.
the-'gka-gthe, a boil; carbuncle. the'-tha-to°-she, you standing over
the'-dse-wa-5pe, to settle. there,
the'-dse-wa-gpe, dregs; sediment, the'-the, to send; to transmit.
mo^-ko" ga-be tse the-dse-wa-gpe u- John wa-gthe-ge-wi° the-the a-ki-the
tsi a-tho, there are dregs in the Henry thi°-ke. dsi, I had John
coffee, send a letter to Henry,
the'-e, he went. the-a'-the, I send.
the'-the — continued, thi-ba'-ts'i", to turn a thing head

the-tha'-the, you send. downward; upside down.
the-o"-tha i, we send, bthi'-ba-ts'i°, I turned it upside
the'-thi^-kshe. (.See tho°-dsi.) down,
the'-tho, here at this place. shni-ba'-ts'i", you turned it upside
thc'-tho o^-tha-ki-pa te ha, meet me down.
at this place, o"-thi'-ba-ts'i° i, we turned it upside
the' tho°-5ka, this size. down.
zho°'-ga-gu-we the'tho^-gka wi° Ijo"- thi-ba'-xe, to break a string in half.
want a box
btha, I this size, bthi-ba'-xe, I broke the string in two.
the the" shki, when he goes. shni-ba'-xe, you broke the string in
the'-tho-xtis, here at this very place, two.
the' -to", this: this person, standing. o"-thi'-ba-xa i, we broke the string in
the-to°'-ha the-the, henceforth; from two.
now on. thi-be'-bthi", to twist.
the-to°'-ha the-the e-de pshe tse e-go" bthi'-be-bthi°, I twist.
to"-btha ha, from now on do as I ni'-be-bthi°, you twist.
say. o"-thi'-be-bthi° i, we twist,
the' -tse, this, as referring to the object thi-be'-ni, to bend,
close at hand, bthi'-be-ni, I bend,
tsi the-tse, this house standing, ni'-be-ni, you bend.
tsi'-zhe-be the-tse, this door hanging. o°-thi'-be-ni i, we bend,
the'-'tse gi-wa-tse-xi, hesitate; hesi- thi-biu'ge, to make dry by wringing
tancy, the water out of clothing; the
ha- to" the'-tse thi-wa-tse-xi a(?) drying of a marshy place by
why do you hesitate? draining,
the'-^se ki-gthi shto°, he is deter- thi-bo'-xa, to bristle up, as does the tail
mined to go. of a cat when angry.
the-'tsi'-go, your grandfather. thi-gtu'-the, gathered in folds,
the'xo"-de, the cheeks. thi-btha', to spread a robe or blanket,
the'-xo^-de u-gta, a dimple, or sunken ha-xi"' tho° bthi-btha, I spread a
cheeks. blanket.
the'-xo°-dse hi°, whiskers. ha-xi°' tho" stsi-btha, you spread a
the'-xo''-dse-hi° gi-gtha ts'u i ha, he blanket,
cut off his whiskers. ha-xi"' tho° o°-thi btha i, we spread
the' zho°-kshe, you lying down. a blanket,
thi-a'-ge, to uncover; to remove the thi-btha'-ge, to tear skin, cloth, or
cover of a tent or the lid of a box. paper by pulling.
zho°'-]iu-ge tse bthi-a-ge, I uncovered ha-gka'tho° bthi-btha-Qe, I tore the
the box. cloth.
zho°'-Uu-ge tse ni-a-ge, you uncovered ha-Qka'tho° stsi-btha-ge, you tore the
the box. cloth.
zho^'-ku-ge tse o^-thi-a-ga i, we un- ha-5ka'tho° o°-thi-btha-5a i, we tore
covered the box. the cloth.
thi-a'-dsi a-ka ts'a bi a, your fatlier thi-btha' Qe, same as shi'be thi-ta-the.
has died, thi-bthi^'-bthi^-tha, in a twisted
thi-a'-xa, to uncover a person's face; shape; a tangled mass,
to remove a blanket from a per- thi-bthi^'-tha, to twist, as a person's
son's face, foot or leg.
bthi'-a-xa, I removed the blanket a-no^'-bthi^-tha, I twist.
from his face, tha-no"-bthi°-tha, you twist.
ni'-a-xa, you uncovered his face, thi-bthu'-bthu-xe, to tremble or
o^-thi'-a-xa i, we removed the blanket shake with fear; to shudder with
from his face. cold.
flesche] OSAGE DICTIONARY 145
thi-bthu'-bthu-se — continued, thi-go°'-tlia, to turn; to reverse,

bthi'-bthu-bthu-xe, I tremble, ha-xi" tho" a-gthi-go°-tha ha, I
ni'-bthu-bthu-xe, you tremble. reversed my blanket,
o°-thi-bthu-bthu-xa i, we tremble, ha-xi" tho° tha-gthi-go"-tha ha, you
thi-ga'-da, to stretch, as to pull a reversed your blanket.
lariat so that it is taut, thi'-gpo", to nudge, as to attract
bthi'-ga-da, I stretch, attention without disturbing
ni'-ga-da, you stretch, others.
we'-thi" bthi-ga-da, I stretched the bthi'-gpo°, I nudged him
lariat. ni'-gpo", you nudged him.
we'-thi° stsi-ga-da, you stretched the o°-thi'-gpo° i, we nudged him.
lariat, thi-da'-ts'e-ga, to cause green plants
thi-ga'thu, to rattle or make a rattling to wither by rough handling.
sound, thi-da'-zhi, to put out a fire with the
bthi'-ga-thu, I made a rattling sound, hands; to put out a hght.
ni'-ga-thu, you made a rattling bthi'-da-zhi, I put the fire out.
sound. ni'-da-zhi, you put the fire out.
o°-thi'-5a-thu i, we made a rattling
o°-thi'-da-zhi i, we put the fire out.
sound.
thi-do'-do-xe, to crush with the hands
thi'-ga zhi, to reject,
or break in pieces,
bthi'-â mo°-zhi, I reject,
bthi'-do-do-xe, I crush with my
ni'-ga zhi, you reject,
hands,
c-thi-ga ba-zhi i, we reject,
ni'-do-do-xe, you crush with your
thi-ge', to cut, as with scissors; or to
hands.
pick flowers or berries,
o°-thi'-do-do-xa i, we crush with our
bthi'-ge, I cut with scissors,
hands.
ni'-ge, you cut with scissors.
thi-do°', to pull with the hands; to tug.
o°-thi'-ga i, we cut with scissors.
bthi'-do" a-wa-shko°, I tugged hard,
thi-gi'-hi, to scour; to cleanse by
ni'-do" wa-tha-shko°, you tugged
rubbing; make bright,
hard.
bthi'-gi-hi, I scour,
o°-thi'-do° o-'-wa-shko" i, we tugged
ni'-gi-hi, you cleaned by rubbing.
hard.
C-thi'-gi-hi i, we made it bright,
o°-thi'-do° i ha, he or they pulled me.
thi-gi'-tha, to distend.
thi-dsa'-pa, to shorten a dress, the
bthi'-gi-tha, I distended (the bag),
sleeves of a dress, or a pair of
ni'-gi-tha, you distended (the bag).
leggings,
o°-thi'-gi-tha i, we distended (the
bthi'-dsa-pa, I shortened the dress,
bag.)
thi-gke'-be, to scrape anything,
ni'-dsa-pa, you shortened the dress.
bthi'-gke-be, I scrape a piece of wood,

o°-thi'-dsa-pa i, we shortened the
dress.
ni'-gke-be, you scrape a piece of wood.
o°-thi'-gke-ba i, we scrape a piece of thi'-dse, to scoop something from a
wood, hollow place,
thi-gki', men or animals gathered bthi'-dse, I scoop,
closely together. ni'-dse, you scoop.

thi-gki' -da, to tie something tightly; o°-thi'-dsa i, we scoop.
to make an indentation. thi'-dsi, yonder; in the distance,
thi-gno"'-tha, to rip; to undo a seam, thi'-dsi to°-i" thi" kshe e-e to^-wo"
bthi'-gno°-tha, I ripped the seam. tho°, yonder is the town.
ni'-gno°-tha, you ripped the seam. thi-dsi'-ge, to remove some object as
o°-thi'-gno°-tha i, we ripped the unpleasant or disagreeable; to
seam. remove a man from office,
thi-go°'-ga e-a'-wa-kshe, I meant bthi'-dsi-ge, I removed him from
your brother. office.
thi-dsi'-se — continued. thi-gi'-gi-xe, hilly; having many

ni'-dsi-g:e, you removed him from ridges,
office. mo^-zho"' wi-ta tho" thi-gi'-gi-xe,
o"-thi-dsi-ga i, we removed him from my land is hilly.
office. thi-gtha'-tha, to unravel, unbraid.
thi'-du-xe, to crush with the hands, pa-xi"' bthi-gtha-tha, I unbraid my
bthi'-du-xe, I crush with my hands, hair.
ni'-du-xe, you crush with your hands. you unbraid
pa-xi °' tho" ni-gtha-tha,
o°-thi-du-xa i, we crush with our your hair,
hands. thi-gtha'-wa, to stretch a rope; to
thi'-e, you; thou. stretch,
thi-e ha'-to" shki e-she do°, when- bthi'-gtha-wa we-thi°-kshe, I
ever you say. stretched the rope.
thi-e ha'-to" shki do" bthe te e-she shni'-gtha-wa we-thi°-kshe, you
do° e-go" ta-te ha, whenever you stretched the rope,
say I will go. o^-thi'-gtha-wa i we-thi"-kshe, we
thi-e no°, yourself. Ritual expres- stretched the rope,
sion. thi-gthe'-ge, to draw stripes,
thi'-e tha to" she a(?) is it you bthi-gthe'-ge, 1 drew stripes,
standing there? ni-gthe'-ge, you drew stripes.
thi'-e thi° kshe a(?) is it you sitting o"-thi'-gthe-ga i, we drew stripes,
there? thi-gthe'-gthe-se, the Hghtniug that
thi-e'-zhi, to make a change in one's breaks into branches (forked
plan, or in the making of some- lightning)
thing; (2) to pervert, thi-gthi'-ge, to make striped marks,
bthi'-e-zhi, I changed my plan, thi-gthi'-gthi-e, radiant; sparkle;
ni'-e-zhi, you changed your plan, sheen; glisten; shiny (like glass or
o'^-thi'-e-zhi i, we changed our plans. polished metal) ; (2) shimmer; a
thi-e'-zhi, perversion. bright unsteady light.
thi-e'-zhi-nC-tho", to diversify, to thi-gtho°', to court; to woo.
change, to variegate; the change bthi'-gtho°, I court.
of tints or colors, shni'-gtho°, you court.
bthi'-e-zhi-no^-tho", I changed the o°-thi'-gtho° i, we court.
color, thi-gtho°'-tha, to fail to get a good
ni'-e-zhi-no'i-tho", you changed the hold.
color, bthi'-gtho"-tha, I failed to get a good
o^-thi-e-zhi-no^-tho", we changed the hold.
colors. ni'-gtho°-tha, you failed to get a
thi'-e zho° kshe a(?) is it you lying good hold.
there? o"-thi'-gtho°-tha i, we failed to get a
thi-ga', to husk corn, good hold,
bthi'-ga, I husk corn, thi-gthc'-tha, to let a child drop to
ni'-ga, you husk corn, the floor by accident.
on-thi'-ga, we husk corn, thi-gtho"'-the-ha, to expand; to
thi-gi'-dse, to creak; a sharp squeak- make larger.
ing sound, as of a loose board, bthi'-gtho°-the-ha, I made larger.
bthi'-gi-dse, I made a squeaking shni'-gtho"-the-ha, you made larger,
sound, o-'-thi'-gtho'^-the ha i, we made
ni'-gi-dse, you made a creaking larger,
sound. thi-ha'-tsi, to remove a family from
o°-thi'-gi-dsa i, we made a creaking one place to another,
sound. bthi'-ha-tsi, I removed my family.
flesche] OSAGE DICTIONARY 147
thi-ha'-tsi — continued. thi-ho°'-zhi, to demoraHze; to cor-

ni'-ha-tsi, you removed your family. rupt,
o"-thi'-ha-tsi i, we removed our thi-i'-ga-wa, to open a door,
families. bthi'-i-ga-wa, I open the door,
thi-hi', to cause an animal to leave its ni'-i-ga-wa, you open a door.
hiding place through fright, o°-thi'-i-ga-wa i, we open the door.
bthi'-hi, I frightened the animal, thi-â'-ino°, to ring a bell,
ni'-hi, you frightened the animal. bthi'ka-mo", I rang the bell,
o°-thi'-hi i, we frightened the animal. ni'-ka-mo", you rang the bell.
or o"-thi'-ka-mo° i, we rang the bell.
wa-dsu'-ta the bthi-hi, I frightened thi-k'a-xe> the clicking, ratthng sounds
the animal, as from the sharpening of a knife,
wa-dsu'-ta the ni-hi, you frightened or from the rattling of plates, or
the animal, from the tail of a rattlesnake,
wa-dsu'-ta the o°-thi-hi i, we fright- thi-k'a'-xe, he sounded the rattle.
ened the animal, (From a ritual.)
thi-hi'-da, base of a tree trunk; that thi-k'i', he gave to you.
part of the tree nearest to the wi-k'i', I give to you.
ground. o"-tha-k'i', you give to me.
thi-hi' -dse, to treat unkindly; mal- wa-tha-k'i', you gave to us.
treat; to persecute, thi'-ki-shno°, bristling, as the radiant
bthi'-hi-dse, I persecuted him. rays of the sun (to the shiny points
ni'-hi-dse, you persecuted him. on the arrow).
i, we persecuted him.
o^-thi'-hi-dsa thi-k'i'-tha, to tickle.
thi-hi'-dse pa-gthe, to reduce the bthi'-k'i-tha, I tickled him.
price of an article offered for sale, ni'-k'i-tha, you tickled him.
bthi'-hi-dse pa-gthe, I reduced the o°-thi'-k'i-tha i, we tickled them,
price, thi-ki'-tha-ha, sunder; to rend
to
ni'-hi-dse pa-gthe, you reduced the apart; (2) to sever; to disconnect;
price. to disjoint,
o°-thi'-hi-dse pa-gtha i, we reduced bthi'-ki-tha-ha, I disjoined it.
the price, ni'-lji-tha-ha, you disjoined it.
thi-ho'-da, to impose upon; to play o"-thi-ki-tha-ha, we disjoined it.
a trick upon some one. thi-kshi°'-dse, failure to get a good

bthi'-ho-da, I imposed upon him. grasp or hold.
ni'-ho-da, you imposed upon that bthi'-kshi°-dse, I failed to grasp it.
person. ni'-kshi"-dse, you failed to grasp it.
o°-thi'-ho-dai, we imposed upon him. o°-thi'-kshi°-dsa i, we failed to
thi-ho"', your mother. grasp it.
thi-ho°', to lift, thi-k'u', to remove the entrails of an
bthi'-ho", I lift. animal,
ni'-ho°, you lift. bthi'-k'u, I removed the entrails.
o°-thi'-ho° i, we lift, you removed the entrails,
ni'-lj;'u,
thi-ho^'-ba, lightning. o "-thi-k'u i, we removed the entrails,

thi-ho°'-gi-the, to shift some object thi-ku'-ge, a cramp.
from one place to another; to zhe-ga' o°-thi-ku-ge, I have a cramp
make a change; to modify. in my leg.
bthi'-ho°-gi-the, I shifted the object. zhe-ga thi-thi-liu-ge a, have you a
ni'-ho°-gi-the, you shifted the object, cramp in your leg?
o^-thi'-ho^-gi-tha i, we shifted it. zhe-ga' wa-thi'-ku-ga i, we have
thi-ho°'-gi-the tho° ta-zhi, inalien- cramps our legs.
in
able; not transferable. thi-ku'-tha, your friend.
thi-mo", to whet; to sharpen, thi-pa'-5e, hair pulling.

bthi-mo", whet.
I bthi'-pa-ge, I pulled his hair.
ni'-mo°, you whet. ni'-pa-Qe, you pulled his hair.
o°-thi'-mo", we whet, o°-thi'-pa-ga i, we pulled his hair.
thi-mo"' i ha, he is sharpening. on-wo°'-thi-pa-ga i, we pulled their
thi-mo°'-gthe, to estabHsh. hair.
wa-gthe'-ge tsi wi° bthi-mo"-gthe thi-pa'-mo"-ki-d8e, to make one
a-tha, I estabHshed a school. bend down by pulling the hair,
wa-gthe'-5e tsi wi° stsi-mo''-gthe bthi'-pa mo°-ki-dse, I pulled his hair
a-tha, j'ou established a school. and made him bend over.
wa-gthe'-5e tsi wi° o^-thi-mo-gtha you pulled
ni'-pa-mo°-]ii-dse, his hair
i, we established a school, and made him bend over,
thi-mc'-gthe, to institute; to estab- o^-thi'-pa-mo^-ki-dsa i, we pulled
lish; to originate. their hair and made them bend
bthi'-mo°-gthe, I originated it. over,
ni'-mo°-gthe, you originated it. thi-pi'-tha, to tear; to tear down a clay
C-thi'-mo^-gtha i, we originated it. bank (the act of an angry bull),
thi°, a man or animal moving about, thi-pi'-zhi, damage; defilement; (2)
ni'-ka-shi-ga thi°, the man moving to spoil; to ruin by tearing, cutting,
about, or burning,
sho^'-ge thi°, the dog moving about. bthi'-pi-zhi, I ruined it by cutting,
thi°'-ga bi a, there were none. ni'-pi-zhi, you ruined it by cutting.
th.i°'-ge (Om. same), to have none; o°-thi'-pi-ba-zhi, we ruined it by cut-
nothing. ting.
da'-do° o°-thi°-ge, I have nothing. thi-po'-e, a match (locaHsm).
da'-do° thi-thi°-ge, you have nothing. thi-pe-dse, a match (localism).
da'-do° wa-thi°-ga i, we have nothing. thi-po'-ki, a report, as from the firing
thi°-ge' hi, extinct; gone beyond of a gun.
recognition; decreased. thi-sda', to pull the grass until the
thi°'-ge a-hi a-ka,they have de- ground becomes bare; to pluck the
creased in numbers. (From a beard and eyebrows until the skin
ritual.) becomes bare,
thi^-ge'-tsi-gthe, to vanish; to dis- bthi'-sda, I caused the ground to
appear. become bare,
o"-thi°'-ge tsi-gthe, I disappeared. ni'-sda, you caused the ground to
thi-thi°'-ge tsi-gthe, you disappeared. become bare.
thi°-ge' wa-the, to exterminate; to o°-thi'-sda i, we caused the ground
get rid of. to become bare,
thi"-ge' a-wa-the, I exterminated thi-sha'-e, to divest; to undress,
them. bthi'-sha-e, I undress,
thi"-ge' wa-tha-the, you exterminated ni'-sha-e, you undress.
them. o°-thi'-sha-a i, we undress,
thi°-ge' o^-wa-tha i, we got rid of thi-shi'-be, to open anything that has
them, a lid or a door,
thi^-ha, move ye. bthi'-shi-be, I opened the box.
thi°-hau', move quickly. ni'-shi-be, you opened the box.
th.i°-hau', be sure; used at the end of o°-thi'-shi-ba i, we opened the box.
a sentence. thi-shi'-zhe, crooked.

thi°-kshe, the (one) sitting. A bthi'-shi-zhe, I made the stick crook-
ritual expression. ed,
thi°-kshe dsi, at the place where he ni'-thi-shi-zhe, you made the stick
is sitting. crooked.
thi-'-kshe no", he was sitting or sits. o"-thi'-shi-zha i, we made the stick
thi^'-she, as you move about. crooked.
thi-shke, to untie a knot. thi-shto°' ga-xe, to discharge one

bthi'-shke, I untied the knot. employed.
ni'-shke, you untied the knot. thi-shto°' pa-xe, I discharged him.
c-thi'-shka i, we untied the knot. thi-shto"' shka-xe, you discharged
thi-shki', to wash or wring one's him.
clothes. thi-shto°' o°-ga-xa i, we discharged
bthi'-shki, I wash my own clothes. him.
ni'-shki, you wash your clothes. thi-shto°' gthe ga-xe, to release one
o°-thi'-shki i, we wash our clothes. from confinement; to let one go
thi-shko°', to shake a sleeping man to free who has been under arrest; to
awaken him. liberate a captive,

bthi'-shko°, I awoke him by shaking thi-shto"' gthe pa-xe, I released him.
him. thi-shto"' gthe shka-xe, you released
ni'-shko", you awoke him by shaking him.
him. thi-shto°' gthe o°-ga-xa i, we released
o°-thi'-shko° i, we awoke him by him.
shaking him. thi-shu'-be, to open or unfasten a
thi-sho°', to dislocate by pulling. door,
bthi'-sho°, I dislocated by pulling. tsi'-zhe bthi-shu-be, I opened the

ni'-sho°, you dislocated by pulling. door,
c-thi'-sho" i, we dislocated by pull- tsi'-zhe stsi-shu-be, you opened the

ing- door,
tsi'-zhe o°-thi-shu-ba i, we opened
thi-shpa'-shpa, torn to pieces.
the door.
bthi'-shpa-shpa, I tore it to pieces.
thi-stse'-do°, long and curved,
ni'-shpa-shpa, you tore it to pieces.
thi-stse'-ge, to make a gash or slit,
o°-thi'-shpa-shpa i, we tore it to
bthi'-stse-ge, I made a gash,
pieces,
ni'-stse-ge, you made a gash.
thi-shpe', to break off a piece.
o°-thi-stse-ga i, we gashed it.
bthi'-shpe, I broke off a piece.
thi-stse'-stse-ge, to tear into shreds,
ni'-shpe, you broke a piece.
off
bthi'-stse-stse-ge, I tore it into
o°-thi'-shpa i, we broke off a piece.
shreds,
thi-shpi', to shell corn.
shni'-stse-stse-ge, you tore it into
bthi'-shpi, I shell corn.
shreds.
ni'-shpi, 3ôu shell corn.
o°-thi'-stse-stse-ga i, we tore it into
o°-thi'-shpi i, we shell corn,
shreds,
thi-shton', to make further claim to thi-stsu', to straighten; to straight-
(2)
property in controversy; to re- en an arrow shaft,
linquish the claim or right. bthi'-stsu, I straightened,
bthi'-shto°, I relinquish claim. ni'-stsu, you straightened.
ni'-shto"', you relinquish claim, o°-thi-stsu i, we straightened.
o°-thi'-shto° i, we relinquish claim. thi-stsu' -dse, to draw or pull off.

thi-shto°', to stop; to finish. ho"-be' a-gthi-stsu-dse, I pulled off
bthi'-shto", I finished. my moccasins,
ni'-shto°, you finished. ho "-be' tha-gthi-stsu-dse, you pulled
o°-thi'-shto°i, we finished. off your moccasins,
thi-sh.to°'-ga, to soften the skin by thi'-ta, yours. Sometimes this is
working with the hands. spoken as thi-thi-ta, which has the
bthi'-shto"-ga, I softened the skin same meaning.
with the hands. Ija'-wa thi-ta, your horse,
ni'-shto^-ga, you softened the skin tsi thi'-ta, your house.
with the hands. zhi°-ga zhi^-ga thi-ta, your child,
C-thi'-shto^-ga i, we softened the thi-â, a pigeon.
skin with the hands. thi-ta gka, a white pigeon.
thi-ta'-tha-zhi, intact; entire, thi-^C'-tha, to roll,
thi-â'-the, to demolish, tear down, bthi-to'^'-tha, I roll.

destroy, disintegrate, ni'-to°-tha, you roll.
bthi'-ta-the, I destroy, o°-thi-to°-tha i, we roll,
shni'-ta-the, you destroy. thi'-tsi, the ribs,

o°-thi'-ta-tha i, we destroy, thi-tsi'-ni, your daughter-in-law.
thi-tha'-gthi", to improve; to make thi'-tsiwa-hi (Om. same), rib bones,
better. thi-tsu'-shpa, your grandchild.
bthi'-tha-gthi°, I improved, thi'-u-ba-he, lateral; toward the side;
ni'-tha-gthi", you improved. (2) the side of a man or animal;
o°-thi'-tha-gthi"i, we improved, the side of any object; the side of
thi-thi'-gki, to gather compactly the body.
together, thi-u'-dse do", at the last part; when
bthi'-thi-gki, I gathered them com- all have gone.
pactly, thiu'-e-i-thu-5ta-ge, girth,
ni'-thi-gki, you gathered them com- thiu'-e ni-e, pneumonia.
pactly. thiu'-e ni e o° bi o, he has pneu-
C-thi'-gki i, we gathered them com- monia,
pactly. thi-u'-ga-e-btha, to diffuse, scatter,
thi-thi°'-ge, to exhaust; to take all. spread all around.
bthi'-thi°-ge, I took all. thi'-u-mo°-ka, it shall be easy for
ni'-thi^-ge, you took all. you to obtain.
oo-thi-thi^-ga i, we took all. thi'-u-pa-the, to learn; to acquire
thi-tho'-ô", to make straight that knowledge; to understand,
which is crooked; reparation of a bthi'-u-pa-the, I understand,
wrong; (2) to regulate; to make a ni'-u-pa-the, you understand.
rule by which to guide or to be o°-thi'-u-pa-tha i, we understand,
guided, thi'-u-pa-the a(?) do you understand
bthi-tho'-to", I regulate, it?
ni-tho'-to", you regulate. thiu'-ta, mourning dove,
o°-thi'-tho-to" i, we regulate. thiu'-we, the body, from the armpits
thi-thu'-5a zhi, to spurn, down to the hips; (2) the waist.
a-bthu'-ga mo°-zhi, I spurn, thi'-u-thi-xtho-k'a, the cavity of the
tha'-ni-ga zhi, you spurn, body,
c-thu'-ga ba-zhi i, we spurn. thiu'-xe, willow tree; osier. The wil-
thi-thu'--to°, to straighten by manip- low tree is one of the symbolic
ulation of the hands. trees of the Osage. It symbolizes
bthi'-thu-to°, I straightened it with immortality. The ceremonial
my hands. name for the willow is thiu'-xe
shni'-thu-to°, you straightened it ts'a-zhi.
with your hands. thi-wa'-shta-ge, to tame a horse; to
o''-thi'-thu-to'» i, we straightened it make a horse gentle; to domesti-
with our hands. cate a horse or other animal. {See
thi-'ô'-ge, make haste. thi-wa-tse-ga.)
bthi'-to-ge a-gthe, I made haste, bthi'-wa-shta-ge, I tamed the horse,
shni-to'-ge tha-gthe, you made haste. ni'-wa-shta-ge, you tamed the horse.
o°-thi'-to-ga i, we made haste. o°-thi'-wa-shta-ga i, we tamed the
thi-to", to touch with the hand; to horses.
feel. thi-wa'-to°-i°, to bring to light; to
thi--to°', to touch. unearth; to disclose; to reveal; to
bthi'-to", I touched it. denote.
stsi'-to", you touched it. bthi'-wa-to°-i'', I disclosed it.
o°-thi-to" i, we touched it. ni'-wa-to°-i°, you disclosed it.
thi-^n'-dse, your son-in-law. o^-thi'-wa-toM" i, we disclosed it.

thi-wa'-tse-ga, same as thi-wa'-shta- thi-xi' — continued.

ge. bthi'-xi, I awakened him.
thi'-wa-ts'e-ga, easy for you to at- ni'-xi,you awakened him.
tain, o°-thi'-xi i, we awakened him.
thi-wa'-xpa-thi", to impoverish; to thi-xi'-tha, to pull to the ground,
make poor; to reduce to poverty, bthi'-xi-tha, I pulled to the ground,
bthi'-wa-xpa-thi", I reduced him to ni'-xi-tha, you pulled to the ground.
poverty. o°-thi'-xi-tha i, we pulled to the
ni'-wa-xpa-thi°, you reduced him to ground,
poverty, thi-xo"', to break a stick in half.
o^-thi'-wa-xpa-thi" i, we reduced him bthi'-xo°, I broke the stick in half.
to poverty, ni'-xo°, you broke the stick in half.
thi-wa'-zhi" pi-zhi, to infuriate. o°-thi'-xo° i, we broke the stick in
bthi'-\va-zhi" pi-zhi, I infuriated him. half.
ni'-wa-zhi° pi-zhi, you infuriated thi-xpi'-a-xe, oak balls. Children of
him. the Osage Tribe are fond of the
o^-thi'-wa-zhi" pi-zhi i, we infuriated acid in the oak ball; it is found
him. in the skin of the ball. They are
thi-wi"', to buy; to purchase; to get good only when green.
by exchange of money for article. thi-xpo°', to thaw out (with the hand).
bthi'-wi°, I purchase. bthi-xpo°', I thawed it out.
ni'-wi°, yoiJ purchase, ni'-xpo°, you thawed it out.
o^-thi'-wi" i, we purchase, o°-thi'-xpo° i, we thawed it out.
tsi'-tse bthi^-wi" ta a-to° hi o, I thi-xthe'-xthe-ge, to shatter glass or
will purchase a house, other brittle substances with the
tsi'-tse stsi°-wi° ta tha-to" shi a? hand,
will you purchase the house? bthi'-xthe-xthe-ge, I shattered the
thi-wi°' u-ino°-ka, cheap; easy to glass,
buy. shni'-xthe-xthe-ge, you shattered the
wa-tse' tho° thi-wi° u-mo^-ka, the glass.
dress is cheap, o°-thi'-xthe-xthe-ga i, we shattered
thi-wi"' wa-tse'-xi, expensive. the glass.
ta-gka zhi°-ga thi-wi° wa-tse'-xi bi thi-xthi'-ge (Om. same), old; worn
o, lamb is expensive. out; useless for labor or wearing.
Thi-xa'-ba-zhi, Not-chased. Per- thi-xtho'-dse, to peel, as the peeling
sonal name. Refers to the little of potato,
calf the hunter allows to escape. bthi'-xtho-dse, I peel,
thi-xa'-be, to flay; to strip off the ni'-xtho-dse, you peel.
skin; to torture, o°-thi'-xtho-dsa i, we peel.
bthi'-xa-be, I stripped off the skin. thi-xtho°'-xtho", to rumple; to make
ni'-xa-be, you stripped off the skin. uneven folds in clothing.
o°-thi'-xa-ba i, we stripped off the bthi'-xtho°-xtho°, I rumpled it,
skin. ni'-xtho^-xtho", you rumpled it.

Thi-xa'-bi-a-ki-zhi", Thinks-him- o°-thi'-xtho"-xtho° i, we rumpled it.
self-chased. Personal name. Re- thi-xth.o°'-zhe, to smash or to squash,
fers to the fleeing buffalo even as to smash ripe fruit; to pulverize.
when he is not pursued. bthi-xtho°'-zhe, I smashed.
thi-xe', to pursue; to chase, ni'-xtho°-zhe, you smashed.
bthi'-xe, 1 chase, o°-thi'-xtho°-dsa i, we smashed,
ni'-xe, you chase, thi-xthu', to exhume,
o^-thi'-xa i, we chase, bthi'-xthu, I exhume,
thi-xi', to arouse one from sleep; to ni'-xthu, you exhume.
awaken. o°-thl'-xthu i, we exhume.
thi-xthu'-dse, to pull the bark off a thi-zhc'-zhc — continued.

tree; to peel with the bare hauds. o°-thi'-zho°-zho° i, we aroused him
bthi'-xthu-dse, I pulled the bark off. by shaking roughly,
ni'-xthu-dse, you pulled the bark off. thi-zho'-zhi, to cause suffering by
o°-thi'-xthu-dse, we pulled the bark humiliating,
off. bthi'-zho-zhi, I suffered from humili-
thi-xu', to scratch marks on rocks or ation,
draw lines on paper, ni'-zho-zhi, you suffered from humili-
bthi'-xu, I scratched a mark on the ation,
rock, o^-thi'-zho-zhi i, we suffered from
ni'-xu, you scratched a mark on the humiliation,
rock. thi-zhu-a'-zhi, to injure; hurt; to do
o°-thi'-xu i, we scratched a mark on bodily harm,
the rock, bthi'-zhu mo°-zhi, I hurt him.
thi-xu' -e, to drag something on the ni'-zhu-a-zhi, you hurt him.
ground. C-thi'-zhu ba-zhi i, we hurt him.
zho° bthi-xu-e, I dragged the log. thi-zhu'-e, to hull; to take off the
zho° ni'-xu-e, you dragged the log. outer coating of grain, nuts, etc.
zho" o"-thi-xu-a i, we dragged the bthi'-zhu-e, I took off the shell,
log. ni'-zhu-e, you took off the shell,
thi-xu' -we, to lead a horse to water; o^-thi'-zhu-a i, we took off the outer
to drag some dead animal by a shell.
rope, the, in his presence. (From a ritual.)
ka'-wa bthi-xu-we ni-dsi, I lead my tho-a'-ba zhi, disappear; get out of
horse to water, sight.
ka'-wa stsi-xu-we ni-dsi, you led the tho'-da, peace; peaceful.
horse to water. ni'-ka-shi-ga ba tho - da î - the
thi-zha'-be, to peel the bark off a tree. wa-pa-xe, I caused the people to
bthi'-zha-be, I peeled the bark off. be peaceful,
ni'-zha-be, you peeled the bark off. ni'-lja-shi-ga ba tho-da ki-the wa-
o°-thi'-zha-ba i, we peeled off the shka-xe, you caused the people to
bark. be peaceful,
thi-zhi", to stretch the skins of small tho'-da o°-ki-tha i, we are peaceful
animals, toward one another,
bthi'-zhi", I stretched the skins. tho'-da-ki-e, reconcile; reconciliation,
stsi'-zhi°, you stretched the skins. tho'-da ni-ka-shi-ga, a man of peace,
thi-zhi°'-dse, to thrust a finger or arm tho'-da-the, to be on friendly terms
into a hole. with another person; peaceful rela-
bthi'-zhi"-dse, I thrust my finger in tionship between two tribes; (2)
the hole. reciprocity.
ni'-zhi°-dse, you thrust your finger in tho'-da wa-ga-xe, to bring about
the hole, peace between two contending
o^-thi'-zhi" dsa i, we thrust our arms factions in the tribe,
into the hole. tho'-da wa-pa-xe, I brought about
thi-zhi°'-ga xtsi do° wa-ni-xe, you peace,
married when you were very tho'da wa-shpa-xe, you brought
young, about peace,
thi-zhc'-zho", to arouse a person tho'-da o°-wa-ga-xa i, we brought
from a sound sleep by roughly about peace,
shaking him. tho'-da wa-^s'e-the, homicide; mur-
bthi'-zho°-zho°, I aroused him by der; the taking of human life in
shaking roughly. times of peace,
ni'-zho"-zho°, you aroused him by tho'-da wa-ts'e-a-the, I committed
shaking roughly. murder.
tho'-da wa-ts'e-the —continued, tho"'-dse u-thi-xi°, a membranous

tho'-da wa-ts'e-tha-the, you com- bag that surrounds the heart; heart
naitted murder, sac; the pericardium.
tho'-da wa-ts'e-tha-tha i, v/e com- thc'-dse u-tha-go", heart excite-
mitted murder. ment; to thrill.
tho'-da wa-ts'e-the shton, murderer, —
tho°'-dse wa-he-he tho°-dse, heart;
tho'-da-zhi, not peaceful; hostile; wa-he-he, easily touched: quick
inimical. tempered.
tho-e, in haste. (From a ritual.) tho°'-dse wa-he-ha i ha, he is quick
tho'-ha, almost. tempered.
tho'-ha a-gthi bi a, it is almost time Tho°'-dse-wa-hi, Bone-heart. Per-
for them to come home, sonal name.
tho'-ha zho"-i-he, to doze, thc'-dsi, when.
tho'-ha a-zho°-i-he, I dozed, tho°-dsi, at that place.
tho'-ha tha-zho°-i-ha, you dozed, 50°-dse' she tho°-dsi, at yonder
tho'-ha o°-zho° i ha, we dozed. forest.
tho-ka'-thi°, stripped to the waist; tho° dsi', at the.
without a blanket. thc-dsi, past time; some previous
tho"-ba', two. date.
tho°-ba' da— tho°-ba, two; da, born; tho°-ka', they.
two-born: twins, tho°-ka' dsi, where are.
tho^-ba' ha, in two parts. ni'-ka-shi-ga tho"-ka' dsi, where
—
tho°-ba'-ha ga-xe tho°-ba-ha, in those men are.
two parts; make: to halve;
ga-xe, to tho°-ta', apt to.
to divide equally in two parts. tho°--ta', fitting; (2) possible; (3) they
tho°-ba' no°-the, two at a time; two shall. (From a ritual.)
to each person; two by two.
thC'-ta'-zhi, not apt to. (From a
tho°-bi-o"', twice.
ritual.)
tho°'-dse, heart.
tho"'-ta-zhi, not possible.
tho°'-dse-ba-he, side of a house.
bthe tho°-ta zhi, it will not be pos-
tho°'-d8e ba-he e'-to°-ha, even if it
sible for me to go.
be as tall as your house. (From
ne'-tho^-ta zhi, it will not be possible
a ritual.)
for you to go.
tho°'-dse ba-shto°-ga, nausea; sick
c-ga'-the-tho^-ta zhi, it will not be
stomach.
possible for us to go.
tho"'-dse o''-ba-shto°-ga, I am nau-
Tho'-tho", Peoria Indian.
tho°-tse', suitable; appropriate; con-
tho"'-dse thi-ba-shto^-ga, you are
venient.
nauseated.
tho°'-dse 5a-gi, hard-hearted; sting}-. the- zha', nevertheless.
thc'-dse i-o°, a longing for something tho°'-zha, though; but; because of.
one was obliged to leave behind; bthe'-lj:o°-btha tho°'-zha gi o°-ni-e,
not able to take, I want to go but I have a sore foot.
thc'-dse ni-e, heartache. tho°'-zhi-the, refrain from action; to

tho^'-dse a-ni-e, I have a pain in forbear.
my heart. tho°'-zhi a-gi-the, I refrained from
tho°'-dse thi-ni-e, j'ou have a pain in action,
your heart. thon'-zhi tha-gi-the, you refrained
tho°'-d8e o°-a-po-po-ki, a heart from action.
throb. tho°'-zhi o°-gi-tha i, we refrained
Tho°'-dse to°-ga, Big-heart. Per- from action.
sonal name. tho' thi°-k8he, present; sitting with.
tho'-tho, oily; greasy; (2) a stain, thu-ka'-thi", naked; nude; to be
wa-tse tho° tho'-tho a-tha-ha a-gi- without a blanket or clothes,
pa-xe, I made my dress greasy, bthu-lja-thi" bthe, I went without
tho'-to", present or standing, a blanket,
tho'-to", in the middle of the heaven. nu'-ka-thi" shne, you went without
(From a ritual.) a blanket,
tho'-to"-bo-5a, to set up straight; the-lja'-thi" o"-ga-tha i, wc went
vertical, as one places a post in without a blanket,
the ground. thu-shke', to loosen; to untie,
Tho'-t;o"-gthi-no"-zhi, Stands-up- bthu-shke, I untied it.
right. Personal name. ni'-shke, you untied it.
tho'-to"no"-zhi",to stand up straight; o^-thu'-shka i, we untied it.

to be erect, thu-shta', to pluck, as a fowl,
tho'-to" a-no"-zhi", I .stand up bthu-shta, I pluck,
straight, ni'shta, you pluck.
tho'-to" tha-no"-zhi", you stand o°-thu'-shta i, we pluck,
erect. mi-xa thi"-ke ni'-shta a(?) did you
tho'-'to°-tse, upright; perpendicular. pluck the goose?
tho'-xe, archaic name for buffalo bull. giu-ka zhi"-ga thi"-ke bthu shta, I
This is the animal that gave the plucked the chicken,
people the corn and the squash. giu-ka zhi"-ga thi"-ke stse-shta, you
It is the name of the Buffalo Bull plucked the chicken,
gens. thu-ta'-the, to tear down a house.
tho'-xe-Qi, the yellow willow or sacred tsi tse bthi'-ta-the, I tore down the
tree. house,
Tho'-xe Pa-thi-ho°, Tho'-xe Lift- tsi tse ni'-ta-the, you tore down the
your-heads. A sacred name. house,
thu-5a-zhi, to renounce; to disown; tsi tse o°-thi'-ta-tha i, we tore down
to reject, the house,
bthi-ga mo°-zhi, I reject, thu-ts'a'-ga, unable; inability to do;
shni-ga a-zhi, you reject. (2) failure to do a thing; work left
o°-thu'-ga ba-zhi i, we reject. unfinished,
thu-ge', cut; to cut a string or piece bthu'-ts'a-ge, I failed to do it.
of cloth with scissors. stsu-ts'a-ge, you failed to do it.
bthu'-ge, I cut with scissors. bthe'-ta-te bthu-ts'a-ge, I am unable
ni'-ge, you cut with scissors. to go.
C-thu'-ga i, we cut with scissors. ne'-ta-te ni-ts'a-ge a-tho, .you are
thu-5e', to take; to receive or accept, unable to go.
bthu'-ge, I take, o^-ga'-the o"-thu-ts'a-ga bi a-tho, we
ni'-ge, you take. are unable to go.
o°-thu'-ga i, we take. thu-ts'a-ge sho" he has yet
a-ka,
thu-Qi', the pit of the arm. failed to complete the work.
thu-dse', to scoop food from a hollow Thu-ts'a-ga-bi, Hard-to-catch. Per-
place, as marrow from a bone, sonal name. Refers to the wari-
bthu'-dse (sometimes bthi'dse), I ness of the eagle,
scooped the marrow from the bone, thu-ts'a-'ge ga-xe, to make to stop;
ni'-dse, you scooped marrow from to thwart,
the bone. thu-ts'a'-ge pa-xe, I made it stop,
o°-thu'-dsa i, we scooped marrow thu-ts'a'-ge shka-xe, you made it
from the bone, stop,
thu-e', suddenly. When used in rituals thu-ts'a'-ge o^-ga-xa i, we made it
the word means quickly. stop.
thu-e' xtsi, promptly; now; at once, thu'-xe-gi, yellow willow; a tree that
thu-e xtsi a-tha bi a, he went at symbolizes continuity of life; the
once. staff of life.
—
thu-zha', to wash, to", to possess,

bthu'-zha, I wash. a' -to", I
ni'-zha, you wash, tha'-to°, you possess.
o^-thu'-zha i, we wash, o"'-to° i, we possess.
î-dse', the sound of a drum or the to", to stand, as a man, woman, or
thud of many feet, horse.
î-thu'-zha, to scrub the house, To", Fall of the year.
ti-thu'-zha tse wa-?i-hi ga-xa o(!) to "'-a, large; big.
you must scrub the house clean! to"-a'-to", the large one.
ô-ba'-the, shattered; pulverized, to "'-de, ground.
to' ga-be — to, green; ga-be, black to"'-de da-pa, round hills.
black-green: blue. to°'-de shko". {See mo°-zho"-shko°.)

to' -56, catfish. The catfish is used by to "'-do", in the fall of the year.
both the Osage and Omaha for to"'-dse, the earth or ground; prairie
food, without trees.
to'-gka, the sapsucker. to"'-d8e-gi, of or belonging to the
to'-skiu, belch. prairie. The meadow lark is found
a-to'-gkiu, I belched, on the prairie.
tha-to'-gkiu,you belched, to°-dse gi'-wa-zhi"-ga, birds of the
to'-dse-xi-be, the windpipe of an prairie lands.
animal, not an article of food; a to"-ga' (Om. same), big; large,
term used in butchering, ta to°-ga, large deer.
to'-gtho", to haul; to carry from one to"-ga, the great. (From a ritual.)
place to another. Frequently this is contracted to
to-a'-gtho°, I haul. to"-'a.
to'-tha-gtho°, you haul, to°-ga' to", the large one (standing).
to'-o^-gtho" i, we haul. (From a ritual.)
to'-go°-tha a-gthi, it was all I could to"'-!" (pronounced ti"), visible; read-
do to get home. ily seen,
to-hno°'-ge, otter. The Osage and mi o"-ba a-ka shi to"-i" bi o, the
the Omaha used the otter skin moon has again become visible.
for making ornamental caps, qui- to"-i"', a snipeUke bird living along the
vers, collars, etc. The Omahas shores in great flocks; the sand-
used the skin of the otter when it piper; (2) a woodcock.
was fresh for divining powers. to°-i°' a-wa-ku-dse, I shot a wood-
The fur traders dealt extensively cock.
with these two tribes for otter to"-i"', curlew (ordinary). The song
skins. of this bird is distinctly heard in
to-hno°'-ge wa-tha'-ge, otter-skin the sunshine that follows a rain-
cap. storm, and the hearts of the people
to'-ho, green or blue. are gladdened because they know
to'-ho-5a-be, blue (blue-black). from the song that the storm is
to'-ho e-go°, Hke blue or similar to over and that a clear sky is coming.
blue or green. to°-i"' a-zhi, invisible; not visible;
to'-ho-ho, bluebird. not to be seen.
to'-ho-xo-dse, a bluish gray, mi'-o"-ba to°-i° a-zhi, the moon is
to'-ka no°-zhi°, men who stand erect invisible.
(archaic). to" i° da, paused to rest. (From a
%o", the; the one standing; he who is ritual.)
standing, To"'-i"-kshe, Moon-returned-to-sight.
ni'-lja-shi-ga to", the man who is Personal name. Refers to the new
standing.
67025— 32- 11
ô°-i°'-pa e-go", like the bill of a '!ro"'-wo"-ga-she, Taker-of -towns.

snipe. The warclub was made Personal name.
with a knot and iron spike that has To°'-wo"-ga-xe, Village-maker. Per-
a close resemblance to the snipe. sonal name.
to°-i"'-pa-stse-e, the long-billed cur- to°'-wo"-gtho°, the common name for
lew. This bird figures in the the gens.
peace rites as a symbol of the to"'-wo"-gtho" ki-thi-to"-ga ki-
unclouded sk^^ Its early morning gtho°-ge, to intermarry; marriage
cry signals the coming of a peace- of people from two villages.
ful day. to"'-wo°-gtho° u-ki-pa-tse, a village
tC-i" to"-ga, big or large sandpiper. group.
to"-i" zhi"-ga, a long-legged, slender- To "- wo "' -i-hi, Arrives-at-the-village.
bodied l)ird, living near the shores; Personal name.
snipe. to"'-wo" ko"-ha kshe, at the edge of
To" mi' pa-ho"-gthe kshe, first the town; suburb.
month autumn September.
of — to"'-wo" lj:o"-ha kshe dsi a-ti-ha,
%o" no", the standing. (From a ritual.) I Hve in the suburb.
to°-pshe, sausage. This is made from to "'-wo" ni-i-thi-ge te, the town
the tenderest part of fresh meat pump.
and the intestines of the buffalo. To "'-wo" Thi-xthi-ge, Old Village
It is well seasoned with pepper Site.
and salt; before it is inserted in the to •wo"' tho"-di ti ta-tha u-tsi, the
casing, water is put in and both ruins of the town.
ends are tied. to -wo" zhi"-ga, a small town; a
to"'-pshe sho-de btho", smoked hamlet.
sausage. To' '
-wo" Zhi"-ga, Little Village.
to°'-the, to dress or tan skins, An old village of the Osage on the
to "-a' -the, I dress skins. Neosho River, near the mouth of
you dress skins,
to"'-tha-the, Wa-gthu'-shka i-a bi (a creek).
wa-ha to"'-a-the mi kshe o, I am ô-sni'-gthe e-go°, colors of the rain-
tanning the skins. bow; rainbow-Uke; iridescent,
wa-ha to°-tha-the mi kshe o, you are to-sni'-gthe ke i-tha-the, I saw a
tanning the skins. rainbow.
to"'-thi", to run; the running of a two- To'-thi-xtho-dse, Potato-peeler.
legged animal. Personal name.
a-to"'-bthi°, I run. to-xthi"'-shka, a small finchlike bird;
tha-to°'-ni, you run. a towhee.
o^-to^'-thi" i, we run. to'-zho"-ge, the fruit of the papaw
to"-to°'-tha, about
to reel like a tree, much hked by the Osage
drunken man; to amble or shuffle Indians.
along. to'-zho" hi, papaw {Carica -papaya).
to"-to°'-iha bthe, I shuffle along. The bark of this tree is used for
ton-to"'-tha stse, you shuffle along. thread. It is a sacred tree. The
to°-to°'-tha o°-ga-tha i, we shuffle fruit is used for food. This was
along. also the site of the eighteenth
to"- wo", a town or city. camp of the first buffalo trail.
to"'-wo" gi bthe, I am going to town. ô'-zhu, fish bait.
to°'-wo° gi stse, you are going to to'-zhu du-ba o"-ls;'i o(!) give me
town. some fish bait.
to"'-wo° gi o"-ga-tha i, we are going ts'a-ge', old age, a term applied to
to town. people and horses.
to"'-wo" a-be-to" wa-do"-be, to ^s'a'-ge, father-in-law.
move around a camp or village; to ts'a'-ge u-thu-Qe thi°-he hi, a
make a survey for an attack; to weakness of mind due to old age;
reconnoiter. dotage.
.
LA FLE3CHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 157
ts'a'-ge zhi°-ga, an old man. tse'-biu-k'a ni-zhiu a-xa, the frog

tsa-gthe'-zhe zhi°-ga, a young deer; that croaks for rain.
a fawn. tse'-biu-k'a-pa gthe-ge, frog with
ts'a'-the, sour, like the taste of green striped head.
gooseberries. tse'-biu-k'a tc-a, the bullfrog,
t8'a'-to°-ga — ts'a, a contraction of tse'-biu-k'a xo-dse zhi°-ga, the gray
we-ts'a, snake; to°-ga, big: Satan. little frog,
The Osage did not know the name tse'-biu-k'a zhi°-ga, the young frog,
of Satan till the missionaries came. tse-btha'-xe, a bat.
ts'a'-zhi — ts'a, dies; zhi, not — dies-not: tse'-§e, abdomen; the belly.
clubs (playing cards). tse'-ge btha-ge, hernia; rupture,
ts'a zhi, that dies not. (From a tse'-ge gtho"-the —
tse-ê, stomach;
ritual.) gtho°-the, —
large large-stomach:
ts'a'-zhi, the cross; crucifix. portly.
tse, bison. The bison was valued by tse'-5e-hi°-tha-dse, girth; the band or
both the Osage and the Omaha for strap for fastening a pack or
its hide, meat, and sinew. The saddle to a horse, sometimes called
hides were used for robes, mocca- the bellyband.
sins, and tents. The bison figured tse'-ge ni-e, stomach ache.
prominently myths and
in the Tse'-ge-to^-ga, Big-belly. Personal
tribal rites of both Osage and name. Refers to the great size of
Omaha. The hair was used by the bull,
the Osage for making the woven tse'-ge xu-e, a wheezing from the
bags for the outer shrines of their chest or stomach.
sacred hawk, the symbol of the Tse-gi^'-dse, Buffalo-tail. Personal
courage of the warrior. Many of name.
these portable shrines may be tse-5i°'-dse u-ba-do°, the coarse tuft
seen in the Heye Museum, New of beardlike hair that grows on the
York, and some in the National breast of the turkey cock,
Museum, Washington, D. C. tse'- ska (Om. same), white buffalo;
tse, shall or will go. domesticated cattle,
tse, the buffalo cow. tse-gka' a-ba gi-gu bi a ni-gki-the
ts'e, to die; decease; demise; defunct; ga-gi, cattle like rock salt.
(2) to swoon; to faint, tse-gka' gi-ha, hoof of an ox.
a-ts'e', I faint, tse-gka' gi-^-de ta-ni thi-gu a, you
tha-ts'e', you faint, like oxtail soup.
o^'-ts'a i, we faint. tse-gka'-do-ga, steer; bull.
tse a', when asked to. tse-gka'-ho-to", the lowing of cattle,
tse-a', shall. —
tse-gka' mi-ga tse-gka, white buf-
t^se a-ba u'-sha-zhi bi o, buffalo falo; mi-ga, female: domestic cow.
are ver}- scarce. tse-gka'-mi-ga we-da-tha-zhi ga-
tse-a' -ga-sdo-de, the foreleg of a xe, to spay a cow.
buflfalo; a term used when butcher- tse-gka' mi-ga zhi°-ga, a heifer,
ing. tse-gka'-ts'e-the, the slaughter of
Tse-a' ko°, this doubtless a corrup-
is beeves.
tion of Tse-tho°-ka, buffalo back. tse-gka' u-m.o°-thi°, a cattle ranch,
It is the name of a subgens of the tse-gka' wa-no°-bthe, cattle feed;
Tse-do-ga I°-dse gens; acts as fodder,
Sho'-ka for itself and the gens. tse'-gka we-gthi — tse-gka, cattle; we-
tse a-tha, we bid you. gthi, grease: tallow,
t8e-ba'-§e, udder of a buffalo. tse'-gka zhi°-ga, a calf.
tse'-biu-k'a, frog. tse'-gka zhi^-ga t^, meat of calf;
tse'-biu-k'a-rao°-ta hi, frog arrow- veal.
wood (A morpha fricticose) tse'-gko°, perhaps; it might be.
158 BUREAU OP AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 100
T8e-so°-wi°, White-buffalo-woman. Tse-do'-ha, Buffalo-hide. Personal

Female personal name. name.
Tse-do'-a-ino''-i°, Walking-bull. Per- Tse-do'-ha, Buffalo-bull-hide. Per-
sonal name. sonal name.
Tse-do'-a Ni-ka I-no°-zhi wa-tho", tse'-do°, the great lake. (From a
Songs of the Rising of the Buffalo ritual.)
Men. This group of four songs tse-do' zhi"-ga, a young buffalo bull.
in the Six Songs of the Tsi'-zhu tse-dse'-xe, bladder.
tribal division very descriptive.
is tse-dsi', there at that place.
The first the rising of
refers to tse'-ga, recently; anew; early; (2) new,
the mysterious power; the second, as a new blanket, a new robe,
to the bulls speaking to one tse'-ga a-gthi bi a, he has come
another of a mysterious command recently.
directing them to proceed; the ts'e'-ga, to be crazy, insane; mentally
third song is the abiding faith of unsound; demented; (2) a dolt; a
the No°'-ho°-zhi°-ga that the dunce; a crank.
Mysterious Power will for all tse'-ga gi-ka-xe, to repair or to renew
time continue the gift of the buf- a house or property,
falo which supplies the people tsi tse tse-ga-a-gi pa-xe, I repaired
with food, shelter, and clothing; the house,

the fourth song is descriptive of tsi tse tse-ga-tha-gi shka-xe, you
the actions of the young bull repaired the house,
when attacking the enemy. tsi tse tse-ga o°-gi-ka-xa i, we re-
Tse-do'-a-to°-ga, Big-bull. Personal paired the house.
name. Tse'-ga-ino°-i°, Goes-in-new-plumage.
Tse-do'-a-zhio-ga, Little-bull. Per- Personal name. Refers to the
sonal name. young eagle.
Tsi-do'-ba, Four-lodges. Personal tse'-ga no", newly grown; just grown
name. Refers to a war party that to maturity.
attacked four lodges and killed all tse'-ga-xtsi, fresh; new.
the inhabitants. tse'-ga-xtsi-dse, inchoate; incipient.
Tse-do'-ga, Buffalo-bull. Personal tse'-ha-ba, shell spoons.
name. Tse-ha btho-ga gi-xa bi, where they
tse-do'-ga, buffalo bull. cached their raw hides; Cowskin
tse-do'-ga a-ka no"'-pe-wa-tha bi a, (Shoemaker), a tributary of the
the buffalo was dreadful. Neosho River.
Tse-do'-ga gi-shi-bi, Moon when the tse'-ha-i-tsi, buffalo-skin tent.
buffalo bulls regain fat: June. tse-ha' -wa-gthe, a rawhide shield.
Tse-do'-ga-i°-dse, Buffalo-bull-face. tse-ha' -wa-gthe zhu-dse, red shield
Personal name. (ceremonial). After a desired num-
Tse-do'-ga I-'-dse, Buffalo-bull-face- ber of straps have been made the
people. Refers to the Tsi'-zhu man conducting the ceremony
Wa-no°, a name adopted by the begins to make the red shield
people for their gens. (tse-ha-wa-gthe zhu-dse) out of
Tse-do'-ga ino''-no''-xa bi, when the remainder of the hide from
the buffalo bulls rut: the month which the straps have been cut,
of June. Different persons among using as a measure the thumbs
the Osage have a different version and fingers in such a manner as
as to this month. to form a circle, which is the de-
tse-do'-ga pa-xi", the hair of tiie sired size of the shields. These
head of the buffalo. diminutive shields are painted red,
tse-do'-ga xi°-ha, hide of the young the color of the reflection of the
buffalo. sacred fire against the darkened
;
Ul flesche] OSAGE DICTIONARY 159
tse-ha'-wa-gthe zhu-dse contd. — Tse ki'-thi-xa bi, the moon when the
heavens; thej^ are supposed to be buffalo rut: the month of July.
thus imbued with supernatural ts'e kshe, a corpse; the deceased.
power drawn from the sky by the Tse-mi'-gi, Brown -buffalo -woman;
fire; these powers will make the Yellow-cow. Female personal
warriors invulnerable to the ar- name.
rows of the enemy. The shield tse mi'-ga, female buffalo; a cow.
is worn on the breast, suspended Tse-mi'-xtsi, Real-buffalo-woman.
by a slender thong that passes Female personal name.
around the neck. tse-ini°'-xu-g a, a hermaphrodite buf-
tse-he'-ku, a buffalo-horn spoon. falo.
^se-he'-we-ga-xu, to scarify with a Ts'e-ino°-i", Walks-in-death. Per-
buffalo horn: a bleeding cup. sonal name.
Bleeding was common, and still tse-ni'-xo°-xo°, tripe.
is, among the Osage for headaches tse-ni'-xo°-xo" tha-tse a-gu shna a-
and other congestions. tha, I like tripe.
^se-he'-xo-dse, a jôung buffalo with Tse-no°'-Qa Kshi-xa-bi ga-xa, where
gray horns; one whose horns are a trench was built for buffalo.
not yet turned black with age. The buffalo were so plentiful at
tse-he' zhi°-a, a cup. one time that frequently when
Xs'e hi'-gthi", to fall into a fit or they stampeded they rushed
spasm. through the Osage villages, injur-
^se-hi"', buffalo hair. Narrow woven ing many of the people; for pro-
bands of buffalo hair are used for tection against them a deep trench
beltsand armlets, for straps for was built around the village.
tying bundles, and for sacred This is the site of Beaver Creek,
articles. Okla.
T se-hi "' - tha-ge, Wearer-of-the-buf- tse-no°'-dse, buffalo heart. Seldom
falo - hair - headband. Pers onal used for food.
name. ts'e-o°-ga thi''-ge ini°-kshe, I am
tse-hi"' -tha-ge, a headdress made of not a fool; I am not an idiot; I am
yarn of various colors, worn like a not crazy.
turban. This headdress was made tse-pa'-hi, the neck of a buffalo.
of buffalo hair before the introduc- This is a terra used when butcher-
tion of colored yarns by the traders. ing.
To'-ho-ho-e, Blue-fish. Personal Tse-pa-u-thi°-ge, Holder-of-the-buf-
name. falo-head. Personal name. Re
Tse'-ho°-ga-wi°, Sacred-buffalo-wom- fers to the butchering of the first
an. Female personal name. buffalo found.

ijse' ho-wa-i°-ge, walking stick (bug) tse-pa'-xe-no°-ta (Om. same), the
tse, buffalo; ho-wa-i°-ge, where are diaphragm.
they. When a child catches a T8e-pa'-zhi°-ga, Little-buffalo-head.
walking stick it squeezes it between Personal name.
his fingers and asks, "Where are tse-pi', liver.
the buffalo?" Then the little bug tse-pi'-gi, buffalo gall bladder; (2)
will point straight ahead, to the liver gall.

right or to the left, and thus the tse-pi' -stse-dse, the long liver; spleen.
child gets the answer to his tse'-pi-tha ^C-ga, dragon fly. This
question. figures prominently in the Osage
tse i° da, they must be. rites. It is said to watch over the
^se'-i^-gthe, buffalo dung. vows of the candidate for initia-
^s'e'-ki-the, the killing of one's self; tion into the mysteries of the tribal
suicide. rites. The moment the candidate
160 BUEEAU OF AMEEICAN ETHNOLOGY (bull. 108
t8e'-pi-tha to°-ga — continued. Tse-u'-ga-gi-xe — continued.

violates his vows the dragon fly the buffalo country. The lake
letsdrop the penalty that hangs was so named because is was
over the head. This is a symbol nearly round, like a ring, and
of the Mi-k'i° Wa-no° gens. almost closed.
tse-shi'-be, intestines. ^se' u-zho°-ge, a buffalo path.
tse-shi'-be u-ba-gi-gi-zhe, the small Tse-wa-hiu, Buffalo-bones. Personal
intestines. name.
^se-shi'-be u-gka, the white entrails ^se'-wa-shi", buffalo fat.
of the buffalo; butchering term. tse'-wa-the ( Nelumbo lutea.) The
•tse-8hi"'-shi">'-e, nighthawk. A sym- root of this plantgathered and is
bol of the Tsi'-zhu Wa-no" and used for food among the Osage.
the T«e-do'-ga i"-dse gentes. Both men and women gather large
%s'e tha, some one has killed (it). quantities of it and store it away
•^se-tha'-xi (Om. te-tha'-xi), buffalo for winter use. It is eaten either
lungs. Not used. raw or boiled. The seeds are also
tse'-the, to kindle a fire, eaten (raw). In taste the meat of
tse'-a-the, I kindled the fire. the seed is not unlike the chestnut.
tse'-tha-the, you kindled the fire. This plant is given a place in the
^s'e'-the, to slay; to destroy by kill- rites, and is regarded as a sacred
ing; to dispatch, food. Its common name is water
ts'e'-a-the, I slay, chinquapin.
ts'e'-tha-the, you slay, ts'e'-wa-the, to kill them,
ts'e'-o^-tha i, we slay. ts'e-a'-wa-the, I killed them,
tse-the'-a-gthi°, a cycle; bicycle. ts'e-wa-tha-the, you killed them.
tse-the'-5e, buffalo tongue, sliced, Xse wa-tho°, Buffalo songs. It is the
smoked, and dried. (Om. same.) custom at the singing of these songs
tse'-the wa-tho°, Fire making song. to bring those who are to be in-
This is the last of the series of songs structed in the use and meaning
relating to the kindling of the of the symbolic face painting.
sacred fire within the mystic The songs of this group belong
house, and refers to the constant to the gens called Tho'-xe (archaic
upkeep of the fire that it may not name for Buffalo Bull). There
be extinguished. are six songs in this group. The
^s'e'-the wa-tse-xi, difficult to kill; first relates to corn planting, the
invulnerable. growth and the joy
of the corn,
tse-thi'-tsi, buffalo ribs. When the resultingfrom the harvest; the
hunters return in the evening second song relates to the com-
from the chase, the men of the pletion of the ceremonial planting
family immediately pick out the of the corn; the third song bears a
buffalo ribs and proceed to roast subtitle U'-we Gi-do°-be wa-tho°.
them for the evening meal. The Song of Viewing the Field, and
women busy themselves slicing pictures the women looking for-
the meat for jerking until called ward with faith to the maturity
by the men to share in the roast of the corn which they have
ribs. At such times the men do planted and the day of fulfillment
most of the cooking. of their duty and the day of harvest;
Tse'-thi-tsi, Buffalo-ribs. Personal the fourth song represents the
name. Avomen hastening to the field, and
^s'e-tsi'-gthe, fit; convulsions, upon arrival shows their delight at
ts'e-tsi'-gthe to°-be, he fell in a fit. the beauty of the broad field, gray
Tse-u'-ga-gi-xe, the name of a cir- with blossoms before them; the
cular lake, one of the camping fifth song is the buffalo song; and
places of the Osage trail toward the sixth song is to the hunters
.
LA FI.ESCHI OSAGE DICTIONARY 161
%ae —
wa-tho° continued. —
Tse'-xe-k'i°Pa-ho"-gthe continuedt
who hasten to the chase, but find two warriors from each division to
others have outstripped them and serve the Ceremonial Mourner
are nearing their homes, laden during his period of fasting.
with the products, who point to These four men
are called Tse-xe-
them with surprise. lj;'i° Pa-ho"-gthe. They make the
^se wa-tho°, Buffalo songs. There forked stake upon which the
are three songs in this group, being Do-do°'-ho°-ga hangs his pouch
the Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge version. and ceremonial pipe when he is at
The first implies a response to the rest. They also decide the length
call of the people to the animals of time the Do-do °'-ho°-ga is to
to come forth from the unseen take the No°'-zhi°-zho» (fasting)
to the visible world, in bodily rite.
form; in the second the people ê'-xe-ni, tomtom; drum.
are represented as speaking, and Tse'-xe Ni-ka-pu, the sacred earthen
appear joj^ful at the response; the pot. After four stones have been
third relates to the corn, which, placed in proper position within
with the buffalo, is given an the fireplace, the Sho-lja is com-
important place in the ancient manded to bring forth the sacred
tribal rites. These songs show earthen pot and place it on the
that the animal and the plant stones. When the pot is on the
were the objects of continued stones the Sho'-ka puts water in
supplications and symbols of m\s- it and then drops therein the
terious power. mystic foods. The common belief
^se-wa'-tse, inner muscle of the thigh. concerning this ceremony is that
^se-wa'-tse u-ga-wa, the inner muscle some mysterious power is given
of my thighs. (From a ritual.) the food cooked in this sacred
ts'e wa-tse-xi mi-kshe, I am difficult earthen pot, a power that can
to be overcome by death. (From reach the enemy and render them
a ritual.) incapable of resistance when at-
^se'-wa-xa-ga, buffalo bur; cocklebur; tacked.
of the burdock family (Xan- Tse'-xe-ni u-e, Drum Creek, Kans.
thium) Here a treaty was made.
tse'-wa-xa-ga tC-ga, cactus. tse'-xe-ni-zhi°-ga, a small drumlike
tse'-wa-xa-ga zhi°-ga, httle buffalo piece; a tambourine.
bur; the sand bur. ^se'-xe pa-hi, neck of a kettle; a
Tse-wi'-ho°-ga, Buffalo -sacred -cow. kettle spout; the nose of a kettle.
Female personal name. ^se'-xe-pa-hi wa-hu-sta —
tse'-xe,
tse-xe', the open prairie. (From a pot; pa-hi, sharp or pointed;
ritual.) wa-hu-sta, small: a coffee pot.
tse'-xe, kettle; a pot for cooking; Tse'-xe to°-ga, Bed of Big Lake.
(2) a tin pail. This was the eighth and final
tse'-xe a-thi-be-gi", the rim of a camp of the third buffalo trail.
vessel. They had now reached the buffalo
tse'-xe-gka, tin cup. country, having gone more than
^se'-xe i-ko"-the, a kettle pole. 30 miles from the former (seventh)
tse'-xe i-ko"-the — tse'-xe, kettle; i- camp. The location was near
ko"-the, handle — kettle-handle: Ni-hni-bo-shta or Shooting
pot-hanger. Springs.
^se-xe-k't^-nc-ho" wa-tho", same Tse-xe' to"-ga, Big Prairie.
as i-wa-tsi. tse-xi, hardship, dangers, I have lived
Tse'-xe-k'i° Pa-hc-gthe, leader of to avoid.
the Kettle Carriers. Two divisions, ^se'-xo-be, a spider. This is used as a
the Tsi'-zhu and the Ho°-ga, select symbol of the Ho°'-ga U-ta-no°-
—
tse'-xo-be — continued. tsi in the upper part of

a'-mo°-shi,
dsi gens. Women
having been the house.
accorded the honor have this sym- tsi a-to"' i" do, I have or possess a
bol tattooed on the back of both house.
hands. Like the Ho"'-ga U-ta- tsi'-bo-xe, a conical tent; a tipi.
no°-dsi, the spider symboHaes the ni'-â-shi-ga wi" tsi'-bo-xe thi mo°-
earth, gthe a-ka wa-to°-be ha, I saw a
tse'-xo-be ea-be, black spider, man put up a tipi.
tse'-xo-be zhe-ga, spider legs, tsi-da'-ge, the rear of the house.
tse'-xo-be e-go°, spiderlike. tsi'-da-ge u-ba-gu, outer corner of a
^se'-ztha-^si, raspberries. house.
tse'-xtha-tsi a-ba tha-tse tha-gthi" bi tsi'-da thi°-ge, the burning up of a
a, the raspberries are good to eat. house.
tse'-xu-be gthe-ge, striped spiders, tsi'-o"-da thi°-ge, my house burnt up.
tse'-xu-be hiu stse e— tse'-xu-be, tsi'-thi-da ha, your house
thi^-ge
spider; hiu, legs; stse-e, long burnt up.
long-leg-spider: tarantula, Tsi' da-xthi°, House Burned Down
tse'-xu-be hiu stse-e a-ba wa-tha- (Clermont's house).
xta-ge te mo°-ô° pi-a-zhi bi a, the Tsi-do'-ba wa-tho" ga-xa, Branch
bite of a tarantula is poison. where T«i-do-ba sang; that is, was
tse'-xu-be zhi»-ga, the little spider. initiated into a degree of the
tse'-zhe, to urinate. tribal rites; Rock Creek.
^se-zhe'-ga u-gka, the white muscle tsi'-ga, in this house. A short phrase
of the hind quarter of beef, used at the end of every line in a
tse'-zhe-ni, urine, tribal ritual.
tse'-zhe-ni-u-zhi, urine pouch; the tsi' ga-xa, the title of a war party
bladder. organized without the elaborate
tse'-zhe ^si i thi^-ge, the desire to ceremonies required in a war party
urinate. composed of warriors of the whole
tse zhin-ga, httle buffalo; unborn calf. which is called Do-do °'-hiu-
tribe
Tse-zhi"'-ga-wa-da-i", Plaj'ful-calf. Large War Party.
to°-ga.
Personal name. Refers to the tsi' ga-xa- to"-gapa'-wa-thu-5e, tak-
playfulness of a buffalo calf. ing the head of an enemy while
Tse-zhin-ho^-ga, Sacred-buffalo-calf. with a large party (an o'-do°).
Personal name, tsi'-ga-xa wa-tse'-gthi, winning first
^se zhu', side meat of a buffalo; term honor in the Tsi'-ga-xa or small
used when butchering. war party. (One of the six o'-do°.)
tsi, to come; has come, Tsi'-ge-shi, The Osage name for the
a-tsi, I have come, Chickasaw Tribe.
tha-tsi, you have come. tsi gi'-ga-xe, to repair or rebuild a
o°-ga-tsi, we have come. house.
thi-to"'-ge tsi a(?), has your sister tsi gi'-ka-xe wa-tho", Songs of
come? making the mystic house. This
thi-to"'-ge tsi your
ta the a(?), is was in the keeping of the Wa-ga'-be
coming?
sister gens; in this song they are repre-
tsi, come; having come to the door. sented as speaking. There are
(From a ritual.) two songs in the group.
tsi, house; dwelling; hovel, tsi-go, symbolic man (grandfather).
tsi wi-ta, my house, This was a term of respect used
tsi' thi-ta, your house. among the Osage.
tsi-a'-bi-shta-be, plaster for the coat- tsi'-go-a-bi ki-gto, legislature; con-
ing of the walls of a house; the gress,
work of plastering a house, tsi'-go-a-bi-ki-gto a-ka a-hi gthi°
tsi a-ka 5a-gi bi a, the house is solid. a-ka e-tho. Congress is now sitting.
Tsi'-go-a-bi Pa-ho°-gthe wa-xe' "Tsi "Ta'-pe wa-tho" — continued.

thi°-kshe, the tomb of the first song is sung there are four cere-
President, Mount Vernon, Va. monial pauses, at which time a
tsi'-go-a-bi tc-wo" kshe wa-thi- wi-gi-e is recited which tells of
wi° u-ino°-ka, in the great the House of Mystery as it is
father's city goods are easy to buy. being approached. Reference is
Tsi'-go a-bi wa-to°-ga, grandfather made to the valleys and bend of
to all. This is the Osage term for the river toward which they shall
the President of the United States. direct their footsteps.
tsi-gthe', sounds heard in the distance; Ijsi-the',he hastened (from a ritual);
(2) denoting sudden action; (3) he began,
(2)
sudden; suddenly. tsi-the', denoting sudden action,
tsi'-gthe, to reside; to dwell; to set up tsi-the'-the, to pass along.
and keep house, tha-tsi'-ne i-wi-the, I saw you pass
tsi keep house,
a'-gthe, I along,
tsi tha-gthe, you keep house, a-tsi-bthe o°-tho"-tha-the, you saw
tsi o°-gtha, we keep house. me pass along,
^si'-ha, a tent skin. tsi'-tse 'ta-thi-sho" bthe i" do, I
^si'-ha-ba stse-e, ladle. amgoing toward the house.
tsi'-ha i-tse, a skin lodge or tent. tsi thi-ta, your house,
tsi-he', a nest, birds' nests, and nests tsi thi-â e-a'-wa-kshe, I meant your
of insects. house,
tsi' -hi, frame of their house. (From a tsi thi-ta ni u-xto°, water dripped
ritual.) into your house.
tsi'-hu-ko°, smoke hole of a tent or tsi-thu-to°-gth.e, an upright tent,
lodge. This was generally made tsi'-tse a-a-zhi, to exiiect some one
in the top of the tent or lodge, to come,
so that the smoke in rising would tsi'-tse bthi-wi" ta a-to" hi o, I will
pass out. purchase the house,
tsi'-i-ta-xe, housetop. tsi'-tse dsi to° pshi a tho, I came
tsi'-k'a, rotten; putrefied; putrefaction. from the house.
^si", moist; damp; (2) moistness; Tsi' tse stsi-wi° ta tha to" shi o(P)
moisture. you purchase the house?
will
tsi' no°-zhi", the coming of a person tsi'-tse 'ta-thi-sho" stse a tho, you
or persons and standing before are going toward the house,
the house for some purpose. tsi'-tse 'ta-thi-sho° o°-ga tha bi a tho,
ts'i°-sha, curved; crooked; hook weare going toward the house,
shaped. tsi'-tse u-gi-hi, the house is neat,
ts'i^-tha', wrinkled; wrinkles. tsi tse u-thu'-xthu-ha ke-dsi i-tha-
o°-ts'i°'-tha, I am wrinkled. the ha, I found it underneath the
thi-ts'i"'-tha, you are wrinkled. house.
wa-ts'i°'-tha i, we are wrinkled. tsi-u'-ba-he, the wall of a room or
i"-dse' ts'i°-tha, wrinkled face. the side of a house,
tsi° zhi^-ga, the plover. tsi u-ga'-bi-o, he set fire to a house,
tsi'-pe-tho°-ba, seven houses; whip- tsi-u-da'-stsu-e ga-xe, a furnace,
poorwill. tsiu-ge, a spoon; a shell spoon.
tsi-shi, the poles that support the tsiu'-ge-Qka, oysters or mussels,
roof and sides of a house. tsiu'-ge-gka wa-btha-tse no° a-tha,
tsi-ste'-tse,wigwam; a long house. I eat oysters,
Tsi Ta'-pe wa-tho°, song of approach tsiu'-ge-gka wa-na-tse no" a(?) do

to the house. This has reference you eat oysters?
to the "little house" to which all tsiu'-ge ni-shku-shku, the shell of a
must go to make their warlike fresh-water mussel; the shell of an

movements authoritative. As this oyster.
tsiu'-ge-u-gi-pe, shellful; spoonful. ^si wi-ta tse dsi ha ts'e C-thi^-ge,

Before metal spoous were known I am safe at home.
to the Indians shells were used tsi'-xio-dse, an old term, which is

for spoons. understood to mean either end of a
tsiu'-go°-tha, very near; close by. lung house. The Osage house
^si'-u-ha-ge, a house of refuge. There built for two families has two fire-
are two houses of refuge in the places, one at each end. The two
Osage Tribe, one in the keeping ends of this long room are called
of the Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge gens by this term. This is also an
and the other in that of the Wa'- expression found in the rituals.
tse-tsi Wa-shta-ge gens. tsi-zhe', to crackle; to make crackling
^si-u'-hc-ge, borders of the village. noises do twigs when one is
as
This is found in rituals. walking through the woods.
^siu'-i-btha u-thi-sho°, the positions t;si'-zhe-be, the door of a house or
and songs of the people at the tipi. The door of a house, as
final ceremony of the Wa-sha'-be well as the fireplace, was a sacred
A-thi". object. The spirits of four ani-
Tsi-u'-ki-a-ge, House-covering. A mals were appointed doorkeepers
personal name. of the house in which the "Little-
^si u-ko"' gtho° the o, the spacious old-men" met to perform the cere-
house, mony of the tribal rites. These
tsi gtho°-the wi° o^-ga-thi"
u-lj:o"' animals were the lynx, the puma,
bi a, we have a spacious
house. the black bear, and the elk. They
tsi'-u-k'u-dse, a hole in the side of were called Tsi'-zhe-be a-do°-bc,
the wigwam; a doorway. Doorkeepers. They were said to
tsiu'-thu-ga, the hiterior of a house. know the innermost thoughts of
^si-u'-thu-ga we-ki-k'o", furniture. men, and all who entered the sacred
Tsi Wa-ko"-da-gi, House of mystery. house meditating evil were dis-
This house of mystery is set up posed of by the Doorkeepers by
during the night, about 150 paces supernatural means.
west of the two ceremonial houses ^si'-zhe-be —
a-ki-da tsi-zhe-be, a
in a direct line with the avenue door; a-ki-da, a servant door- —
running through the village. The servant: a porter.
frame is similar to that for an Tsi'-zhe-be e-go", Buffalo range.
ordinary house, but the coverings There is a gap in this range like a
are of animal skins having a door. This was the seventeenth
symbolic significance. Four skins camp of the first trail,
are used: an elk skin
First is —
tsi'-zhe-be iia.~xe tsi-zhe-be, door;
(sj'mbolic of war) which is spread ta-xe, knot; door knot or door
over the eastern end of the frame; knob.
the second, a black-bear skin (a tsi'-zhe u-tha-ga-ts'i", you peeped
symbol of fire unrelenting when it in the door.
takes a destructive course) this is
; tsi'-zhe-be u-thi-mo", to latch a
spread over one side of the house; door,
the third is the skin of the puma tsi'-zhe-be u-bthi-mo°, I latched the
(a symbol of fire) spread over the door,
opposite side of the house; the tsi'-zhe-be u-stsi-mo°, you latched
fourth is the skin of a swan (also a the door,
symbol
of fire) spread over the tsi'-zhe-be o^-gu-thi-mo" i, we
top of the house. latched the door.
tsi'-wa-zhu, household; family. tsi zhi^-ga, a small house; a shanty;
^si wi" a-to" mi^-kshe o. (See tsi a hut.
a-to" i" do.) tsi zhi"'-ga wi" u-gthi a-ka ha, he
tsi wi'-â, my house. lives in a shanty.

-
L\ FLESCHE) OSAGE DICTIONARY 165
Tsi'-zhu e-tho°-ba, coupled with Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge^ continued, —

those of the fsi'-zhu division, this live. This food was kept in the
term is used frequently in rituals. house of the leader, for the food
Tsi'-zhu U-thu-ha-ge, the Last Tsi'- kept therein is sacred. The Sho'-ka
zhu or the last in order. The name returns with corn prepared for
of a gens. eating.
Tsi'-zhu Wa-no", the Elder Tsi'-zhu ts'o-xe, tart.
or Wa-lj;o°-da No°-pa-bi, The-God- she ts'o-xe, the apple is tart.
who-is-Feared-by-AlL Refers to Ts'o-xe, Astringent. Personal name.
the life symbol, the Sun. Also Refers to the taste of the root of
the name of a gens. the blazing star.
Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge, the Gentle Tsi'- tsu-shpa-tho° o, grandchild.
zhu. Refers to its office as Peace- û'-5e, catfish.
maker. The name of a subgens tu'-ge 5a-be, black loon.
of the Pe'-lj:o'' to°-ga Zho-i-ga-the tu'-5ka, woodpecker; sapsucker.
gens; acts as Sho'-ka to both itself tu'-go°-tha, very nearly blue.
and the gens. The leader of this tu-hni'-gthe, rainbow.
group sends his Sho'-^â to bring tu'-hu zhu-dse e-go°, like blue-red;
food, that the captive may eat and purple.
U
u, to wound; to hurt, u'-ba-ko°, to provoke; that which
a'-u, I wound, tends to excite anger; provocation.
tha'-u, you wound, gi-ba-ljo" pa-xe, I provoked him.
o^'-u i, we wound. gi-ba-ljo" o°-shka-xe,you provoked
u'a-da-ga-ge, crusting of matter on a me.
wound; a scab. u-ba'-ku-dse, to punch holes in a pair
u-ba'-5ki, to stuff; to ram down, as to of moccasins or clothing.
ram a gun. u-ba'-mo°-xe, bent low at the door
wa-hu-to°-the ke u-pa'-gki, I rammed and entered the house (refers to
the gun. the black bear as he enters his
wa-hu-to°-the ke u-shpa'-gki, you cave to hibernate).
rammed the gun. u-ba'-no°the, a railway station; a
wa-hu-to^-the ke o°-gu'-ba-5ki i, we depot.
rammed the gun. u-ba'-no°-the tse-dsi o°-tha-lj:i-pa tse,
u-ba'-QU, a corner in a house, meet me at the depot.
u-ba'-ha-ge, to be cornered, u-ba'-no°-the, a ceremonial pause.
u-pa'-ha-ge, I am cornered, u-ba'-sho°, a bend or a turn, as in a
u-shpa'-ha-ge,you are cornered. road or stream,
o°-gu'-ba-ha ca i, we are cornered. u-ba'-stse-ge, to saw wood.
u-ba'-ha dsi i-e, to digress; to deviate zho° u-pa'-stse-ge, I saw wood.
from the main subject, zho° u-shpa'-stse-ge, you saw wood.
u-ba'-ha dsi i-tha'-the, I deviated, zho° o°-gu'-ba-stse-ga i, we saw wood,
u-ba'-ha dsi i-'tha-the, you deviated u-ba'-stsu-e, pushing out.
u-ba'-ha dsi o°-tho° a i, we deviated, u-ba'to°-tha, to roll a log or any
u-ba'-he, to extend beyond; to pro- other heavy object,
trude, u-pa'-to^-tha, I roll a log.
gi-te u-ba-ha ta e-o°-tho°-be ha, my u-shpa'-to°-tha, you roll a log.
foot protrudes. Qi-gu'-ba-to^-tha i, we roll logs,
gi-teu-ba-ha de e-thi-tho°-be ha, u-ba'-tse, a herd. Now applied to a

your foot protrudes. herd of cattle.
u-ba'-hi°, to thrust the arm in a hole in i°-da-dsi a-ka tse-gka u-ba'-tse hiu
the ground or in the trunk of a tree. wa-thi° bi a, my father has a large
u-ba'-k'e ki-gto, a committee. herd of cattle.
u-ba'-tse a-ki-gtha-thi", gregarious; u-bi'-xo", any wind instrument, as a

the act of going collectively, not flute or horn.
alone. u-bi'-zhu-zhu-e, to caress and stroke
u-ba'-tsi-gtho", to hang something a weapon,
on a peg or the limb of a tree. u-btha'-ko", the clouded sky I have
u-ba'tsi-a-gtho", I hung something cleared with my voice, so that all
on a peg. is at peace and is serene. (From
u-ba'-tsi-tha-gtho", you hang some- a ritual.)
thing on a peg. u-bu'-dse, profusion; abundance,
hung something
u-ba'-tsi-gi-gtho", he u-ga' bi o, to set fire to anything,
on a peg. u-wa'-ge, I set fire to it.
u'-ba-tsi-zhu, to hang bunches of ears u-tha'-ge, j'ou set fire to it.
of corn to dry; to hang clothes to o-'-gu'-ga i, we set fire to it.
dry. u-sa'-gi ni, where the current (river)
u-ba'-wi°-xe, to roam about; to is strong.
wander; to travel for pleasure; to u-ga'-ka, blemish; spots.

rove; to saunter; to stroll;
u-ga'-ki-ba, between; contiguous;
(2)
close together.
to swirl in a kettle when cooking.
u-pa'-wi°-xe, I travel for pleasure. u-ge', to start a prairie fire,
u-shpa'-wi°-xe, you travel u-wa'-ge, I started a fire,

for pleas-
ure. u-tha'-ge, you started a fire.
o^-bu'-ba-wiD-xa i, we travel for

o°-gu'-5a i, we started a fire,
pleasure. u'-chi-zhe, disturbance.

u-ba'-wi°-xe o°-tha-gthi°, I Hke to u-wa'-chi-zhe, I caused a disturbance,
stroll. u'-thi-chi-zhe, you caused a dis-
u'-ba-xc, a cut to be followed. turbance.

(From a ritual.) u-5i'-gthe, beneath the feet; the soft
u-ba'-xpa-the, to push one down skin on which a man puts his
feet; (2) a line of footprints (used
from a height,
in rituals) (3) at the foot of a sick
u'-pa-xpa-the, I push him down ;
from a height. person (found in rituals).
u'-shpa-xpa-the, you pushed him u-5i'-hi, rust; rusty.
down from a height. u'-gi-hi, clean; neat.
o°-gu'-ba-xpa-tha i, we pushed him o°'-wo°-5i-hi, I am neat,

down from a height. u-wa'-gi-hi, you are neat.
u-ba'-xthe-ge, the act of hatching a u-Qi'-thu-se, the length of a foot-
step; a footstep.
young chicken by artificial means:
u-5i' u-tsi, seedy, as a fruit with
an incubator.
u-ba'-zhi°, to protrude through an many seeds,
ga-gkiu a-ka u-gi u-tsi bi a, the water-
incision,
melon has many seeds.
u-be'-hni, to detect; to discover,
u-5i' u-zhi, seedhng; a plant grown
u-pe'-hni, I detect,
from a seed.
u-shpe'-hni, you detect,
u-gkc'ska, directly in the center of;
o^-gu'-be-hni i, we detect.
(2) in the middle.
u'-be-hni, a specter; a ghost; appari-
u-sko°'-5ka ga-ga-gi, one of the
i
tion.
thirteenmihtary honors, which
u-be'-ô°, to wrap or envelop.
means a blow given to the enemy
u-pe'-to°, I wrap up the goods,
who comes within the limits of the
you wrap up the goods.
u-shpe'-to",
land actually occupied by the
i, we wrap up the goods.
o°-gu'-be-to°
tribe. It may be either a blow
u-bi'-sc-dse, close together; crowded. given by a weapon or by cutting
U-bi'-do", to dip food into boiling off the head. It is considered a
water in order to prepare it. high honor and a test of courage.
u-stu'-e no°-zhi°, to stand abreast; u-dse' ta, below; down from above; at
to stand in a row. the foot or bottom.
u-5tu'-we a-zhi, card with three spots U-dse' -ta-wa-xa, Winner-of-the-race-
(playing card). against-t h e-U-dse. Personal
u-5u', lowland forest. name. Refers to a race between
u-5u', grain; seed. two bands,
u-dse'-the, a place hollowed out in the
u-Qu'-ge-dsi, by the u-û (forest).
ground in which to place or kindle
u-5u'-gi Bhe-ki, a rattlesnake that
a fire. In the Osage tribal organi-
frequents the timbers.
zations there are seven fireplaces
U-Qu'-i-ha zhi°-ga, at one time there
of the Tsi'-zhu, of the Wa-zha'-
was a large bend in the stream, zhe, and of the Ho°'-ga. There
which was nearly closed; the
are the peaceful fireplaces of the
meaning of the name is small Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge and of the
mouth; it is near the u-gu or Wa-zha'-zhe gentes. These last
woods, what is now known as
two are sanctuaries.
Bartlesville, Kans. This was the
u-dse'-the, hearth; fireplace,
site of the fourth camp in the
u-dse'-the Wa-shta-ge, names of the
first trail, also of the third buffalo
two fireplaces (peace), one in the
trail.
Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge and the other
u'-su-u-gtho°, lowland forest in the
in the Po°-ka Wa-shta-ge.
bend of a stream. U-dse' -xta, name of one of the divi-
U-5u'-gtho° ga-xa, Butler Creek,
sions of a tribe, not of a gens.
Okla.
u-dse'-zhe, urinal.
u-da'-bthi, to sweat; to perspire;
u-dsi°'-gthe, the crowding together of
perspiration,
cattle.
on-wo^'-da-bthi, I perspire,
u-ga'-bi-xo°, a sail.
u-thi'-da-bthi, you perspire,
ba-dse a-ka u-ga'-bi-xo" tha-bthi"
u-wa'-da-bthi i, we perspire,
to° bi a, the boat has three sails.
u-da'-bthu-bthu-e, vibrating; quiv- u-ga'-bu-dse, to strew upon the
ering with the warmth of the sun. ground in profusion.
u-da'-ko", lighted by fire within a U-ga'-5i°-dse, Breeze. Personal
wigwam. name. Refers to the wind caused
u-da'-k'u-dse, to burn a hole through by the wings when the eagle flies,
a solid piece of wood, u-ga'-5i-si-hi, yellowish; sallow;
u-da'-k'u-dse pa-xe, I burnt a hole in sickly color.
the wood, i°-dse tho° u-ga'-gi-gi-hi bi a ni'-lj;a-
u-da'-^'u-dse shka-xe, you burnt a shi-ga, his face is sallow.
hole in the wood. u-ga'-50°-ho°, when daylight meets
u-da'-]j'u-dse o°-ga-xa i, we burnt a the early skies.
hole in the wood. u'-ga-5o°-thi°, the beginning of day.
u-da'-pa, the third stomach of an ox. u-ga'-do°, to nail down a board, or
u-da'-pshe, spread of prairie fire. nail up a box.
u-do°'-be tha-gthi°, pleasing to look u-wa'-ga-do°, I nailed it.
upon. u-tha'-ga-do°, you nailed it.
u-dse', the base or lower part of a hill, on-gu'-ga-do" i, we nailed it.
mountain, stream, or tree. u-ga'-e-btha, to disband; to scatter
u-dse', to seek; to hunt for something in every direction,
missing, u-ga'-e-btha pa-xe, I made them
u-wa'-dse, I seek, scatter,
u-tha'-dse, you seek. u-ga'-e-btha shka-xe, you made them
o°-gu'-dsa i, we seek. scatter,
U-dse'-t;a, one of the geographical u-ga'-e-btha o°-ga-xa i, we made
divisions of the Osage Tribe. them scatter.
:

u-ga -gu, corner. u-ga'-shke-gtho", to hitch or tie a
u-ga' ha-ha, floating about. horse to a tree,
zho°-a-be u-ga' ha-ha bi a, ni ke, the xtha-be tse-dsi u-ga'-shke-a-gtho°, I
leaves are floating about on the tied the horse to the tree,
water. xtha-be tse-dsi u-ga'-shke-tha-gtho",
U-ga'-ha-xpa, Bushy-head. Personal you tied the horse to the tree.
name, xtha-be tse-dsi u-ga'-shkc-o"-gtho°
u-ga'-hiu-dse, to descend; to go down. i, we tied the horse to the tree.
u-ga'-ho°-ba, a window glass; pane of u-ga'-sho°, going forth on an errand.

glass. u-ga'-sho" bthe ha, I am going on an
shi°-tu zhi"-ga a-ba u-ga'ho"-ba errand.
ga-xthe ga bi a, the boy broke the u-ga'-sho° shde a? are you going on
pane of glass. an errand?
u-ga'ho°-ba niu-ki-gtha gi" — u-ga'- u-ga'-sho" o°-ga-tha i, we are going
ho^-ba, pane of glass; niu, water; on an errand.
Iji, themselves; gtha-gi", peeped U-ga'-sho", The Wanderer. Personal
in — themselves-peeped-i n-w a t e r name.
a looking-glass. The tribe knew u-ga'-shte, exempt; free from,
nothing of a mirror until the white u-ga'-stse-ge, a slit in a horse's
man came; before that they looked ear for identification,
into the water for their reflection. u-ga'-stse-ge, the act of skinning the
u-ga'-ho°-ba wa-ho-stsa, a small beef when butchering; refers to a
pane of glass for a window. buffalo butchered,
u-ga'-ho°-ba i-gi-the, curtains for u-wa'-ga-stse-ge, I am skinning the
window. beef,
u-ga'-ho°-ba i-gi-the tse-ga lj;o°-btha u-tha'-ga-stse-ge, you are skinning
he, I want new curtains. the beef.
u-ga' hu-dse, down; below, o°-gu-ga-stse-ga i, we are skinning
u-ga'-hu-dse, steep; a steep hill; a the beef.
steep bank. (See hiu-dse.) u-ga'-ts'i°, to peep; to stealthily look
into the crack of a door or window.
u-ga'-hu-dse-the, to descend; to go
down a steep place from an eleva- ti'-zhe-be-te u-wa-ga'-ts'i°, I peeped
in the door,
tion,
u-ga'-hu-dse bthe, I descended, ti'-zhe-be-te u-tha-ga'-ts'i°, you peep-
u-ga'-hu-dse stse, you descended. ed in the door,
u-ga'-k'u-dse, to knock a hole
ti'-zhe-be-te o°-gu-ga'-ts'i" i, we
in
peeped in the door,
wood or ice.
u-ga'-ts'u-ga, familiar; well acquaint-
u-ga'-k'u-k'u-dse, making a number
ed or intimate with,
of holes in wood or ice.
wa-k'u thi° u-wa-ga'-ts'u-ge ha, I am
u-ga'-sha-be, struck the heavens with
well acquainted with the woman,
darkness. (From a ritual.) u-ga'-wa, grown flaccid with age.
u-ga'-sha-sha-be, gradual darkness; (From a ritual.)
dusk. u-ga'-wi'i-xe, soaring, as a large bird.
u'-ga-she, ailment; not well. u'-ga-xe thi°-ge, nonsense; absurd;
u'-ga-she thi°-ge, well; healthy; no meaningless; (2) immaterial; (3) a
interruption to the enjoyment of useless person.
good health, U-ga'-xpa ga-xa, Quapaw Creek;
u'-ga-she o°-thi°-ge mi°-kshe o, I am Quapaw, Okla.
well, u-ga'-xpa-the, to be thrown from a
u'ga-she thi-thi°-ge ni-kshe a(?) are horse,
you well? shi-mi-zhi^-ga thi°-ke ka-wa a-ba u-
u-ga'-shke, to tie or tether a horse or ga'-xpa-the bi a, the girl was
any other animal. thrown from the horse.
Li FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 169
u-ga'-xpa-the — continued. u'-gi-k'i — continued.

o°-wo°'-ga-xpa-the, I was thrown people, and those living near join
from a horse, the family in their expressions of
u-thi'-ga-xpa-the, you were thrown appreciation. Among the Omaha
from a horse, this custom is called wa'-ki-gtha-
u-ga'-xthi, the bend of a river or thi".
creek, u-gi'-ki-a, speak to him, he who is
u-ga'-zhu-dse, that strikes the heav- yours. (From a ritual.)
ens with red (from a ritual); u-gi'-ki-e, to speak to a friend or
(2) tinged with red. some relation.
u'-gi-gi-the, remembrance; reminder, u-wa'-gi-ljii-e, I spoke to a relative.
—
u'-gi-gi-the ga-xe u-gi-gi-the, a me- u-tha'-gi-lj;i-e, you spoke to a relative.
morial; ga-xe, to make: to make a o"-gu'-gi-ki-a i, we spoke to relatives.
memorial; to mark a thing to be u-gi'-ki-gthe, to splice together a
remembered, broken rope.
u'-gi-gi-the pa-xe, I made a memorial, u-wa'-gi-ljii-gthe, I spliced a broken
u'-gi-gi-the shka-xe, you made a rope.
memorial, u-tha'-gi-ki-gthe, you spliced a brok-
u'-gi-gi-the o°-ga-xa i, we made a en rope.
memorial. on-gu'-gi-ki-gtha i, we spliced a
u'-gi-§u, merriment; joy; happiness; broken rope.
gladness; pleasure; (2) welfare, we-thi°' ke u-wa-gi-ki-gthe, I spliced
u-gi'-dse, to hunt for one's own. the rope.
u-wa'-gi-dse, I hunt for my own. we-thi^'ke u-tha'-gi-ljii-gthe, you
u-tha'-gi-dse, you hunt for your own. spliced the rope.
o°-gu'-gi-dsa i, we hunt for our own. we-thi°'ke o°-gu'-gi-ki-gtha i, we
u-gi'-gthi°, to sit in one's own house spliced the rope,
or yard. u-gi'-kshi-he, a relapse; return of a
u-wa'-gi-gthi°, I sit in my yard. disease after convalescence.
u-tha-gi-gthi°, you
your yard,sit in u-gi'-kshe-to°, to gain possession.
on-gu-gi-gthi" i, we sit in our yard. u-wa'-gi-kshe-to°, I regained pos-
u-gi'-gtho", to put something of your session.
own in a pile, u-tha'-gi-kshe-to°, you regained pos-
u-wa'-gi-gtho", I put something in a session.
pile. o°-gu'-gi-kshe-to° i, we regained
u-tha'-gi-gtho°, you put something possession.
in a pile. u-gi'-no°-k'o°, distressing, alarming
o"-gu'-gi-gtho° i, we put something news of a person related,
in a pile. u-gi'-no^-zhi", to succeed; to stand
u'-gi-ho° a-zhi, injurious; harmful; in the place of; to follow in order.
(2) an injury. u-wa'-gi-no"-zhi°, I succeed.
u-gi'-kshe-to", to regain; to recover u-tha'-gi-no"-zhi", you succeed.
one's property, on-gu'-gi'-no°-zhi° we succeed.
i,
u-a'-gi-kshe-to", I recovered my u-gi'-no"-zh.i ga-xe, to replace; to

property, return something taken; to return
u-tha'-gi-kshe-to", you recovered your to its place an equivalent.
property. u-gi'-no°-zhi pa-xe, I replaced it.
o°-gu'-gi-kshi-to° i, we recovered our u-gi'-no°-zhi shka-xe, you replaced it.
property, u-gi'-no°-zhi o°-ga-xa i, we replaced

u'-gi-k'i, the act of a woman taking it.
food to a relative or to a particular u-gi'-nc-zhi" a-ka, a representative

friend as a token of affection. of a people or organization; a
Such an act is admired by the regent.
. .
170 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull, loa
u-gi'-pa, to obey; to retrace, u'-he-ga-zhi thi-do°, to wrench; to

u-wa'-gi-pa, I obey, pull hard,
u-tha'-gi-pa, you obey. u'-he-ga-zhi bthi-do°, I wrenched,
o''-gu'-gi-pa i, we obey. u'-he-ga-zhi ni-do°, you wrenched,
u-gi'-pi, full; will contain no more; u'-he-ga-zhi o"-thi-do'' i, we wrenched.
replete, u'-he-ga-zhi u-xpa-the, to fall vio-
u-gi'-pi ga-xe, to fill, lently; to fall precipitately, head-
u-gi'-pi pa-xe, I fill it. long.
u-gi'-pi shka-xe, you fill it. u-hi, to win; to defeat; to overcome;
u-gi'-pi o"-ga-xa i, we fill it. to prevail,
u-gi'-pshe, to return in his own path, u-wa'-hi, I win.
u'-gi-tse-xi, hardship. u-tha'-hi, you win.
u'-gi-tse-xi o°'-ga zho° gi-tha bi a, o"'-gu-hi i, we win.
we met with hardship. u-hi', to reachand to enter,
u-gi'-zho" a-ka, the sitting bird of u-hi'-gthi", he came to and sat at the
any kind; the bird that sits on its (door)
nest to hatch the young, u'-hiu-he-ga u-^si, plenty of sickness;
u-gtha'-ge, prairie fire, epidemic.
u-gtha'-gtha, to place frequently, as u-hni', shade; cool,
a man frequently places his pipe u'-ho", the act of cooking; to cook by
in his mouth, boiling or stewing,
u-gthe', a socket; (2) to use as supports u-wa'-ho", I am cooking.
for. u-tha'-ho°, you are cooking,
u-gthe'-zhe, honeycomb tripe. The o^'-gu-ho" i, we are cooking.
outer surface is taken off; then u'-ho° a-bi-xe, the boiling or seething
what is left is used for food. of food being prepared for use by
u'-gthi°, to occupy a seat. the family, or at a feast to which
a-gthi-tse a-a-gthi", I occupied the many are invited.
chair, u-hc'-ba thi°-ge, in which the light
a-gthi-tse a-tha-gthi°, you occupied of day enters not (refers to the
the chair. black bear's cave chosen for
u-gthi°'-ta-xe, sweetbreads. hibernating)
u-gthi''-ta-xe o°-qu, I like sweet- u'-ho°-sa-gi, sweet corn. This corn
breads. is prepared in large quantities for
u-gthi"-ta-xe thi-gu, you like sweet- winter use.

breads, u'-ho" ga-gi a-ba tha-tse tha-gthi°
u-gtho"', to put a stake in a pile when no° bi a, sweet corn is good to eat.
gambUng, as in poker; (2) to in- u'-ho^-ga-gi wa-dsu-dse, sweet-corn
close. mush.
u-wa'-gtho° ha, I staked at gambling. u-ho"'-ge, the end of anything, as a
u-tha'-gtho° ha, you staked at gam- month, year, or stick; (2) the head
bhng. of, the source, of a stream; (3) the
Qo-gu'-gtho" i, we staked in gambling, borders (the outer edge).
u-gthc-ge, hat. This article of u-ho°'-ge thi^-ge, without end or
wearing apparel was not known to limit; boundless; (2) infinite.
the Osage until introduced by the u-ho"'-ge tse, terminal.
traders, U-hc'-ge-u-zho", Lies-at-the-end.
u-gtho "'-ge e-go", resembling a cap. Personal name. Refers to the
u-gtho"' ta-xe, an animal's womb. dog, a hfe symbol,
u-ha'-5e, a place of refuge; redout; a u'-hc'-i-ge-gthe, kettle pole.
fortification. u'-ho"-i-ko"-the, kettle hook,
u-he'-be, a dose of medicine. —
u'-ho" tsi u-ho", cooking; tsi, house;
u'-he-§a-zhi, to act in a violent man- cooking house: kitchen.
ner; fiery, u'-ho" u-wa-wa-k'i, one who serves
â'-wa u-he-ga-zhi, a fiery horse. what is cooking; a waiter.
—
u'-ho° u-wa-wa-k'i wa-k'o, a female u'-i-stse,that which causes shame;

waiter; waitress. shameful; contemptuous; re-
u-hu'-ga-gi, called loudly, proachful,
u'-hu-hu (Om. same), the bark or u-k'a'-be, curved inwardly; a gap.
yelp of a dog. u'-ka-wa-the, sickly; feeble.
u'-hu-shi-ge, I forbid you to do so o°'-wa-ka-wa-the, I am feeble,
under penalty, u-thi-ka-wa-the, you are feeble,
u-i', a spring of water and its flow; u-k'i', to lend.
(2) a sprout from a planted seed; nio°-hi° 5pe wi-ta Pi-gi u-wa-k'i, I
a shoot of any plant; (3) the loaned mj- ax to Pi-gi.

growing of any seedling, u-wa'-k'i, I lend,
u-i'-gi, to spring; to jump; to leap, u-tha'-k'i, you lend.
u-wa'-i-î, I jump. o°-gu'-k'i i, we lend.
u-tha'-i-Qi, you jump. u-ki', a home.
QD-gu'-i-gi i, we jump, u-ki tha-gthi° xtsi a-to° ha, I have a
u'-i-e, to interfere in a controversy; good home,
to speak in reproof, u'-k'i, to feed.
u-wa'-i-e, I interfered, Ica-wa u-wa-k'i, I fed the horse,
u-tha'-i-e, you interfered, ka-wa u-tha-k'i, you fed the horse,
o^-gu-i-a i, we interfered. ka-wa o°-gu-k'i i, we fed the horse.
u-i'-e, criticize; criticism. u-ki-a'-sha, equal in numbers,
u'-i-gtha-no°, cause of offense; an u-ki-a' tc-to", consecutive; one fol-
injury; an insult; harm; vice; lowing the other; a series,
villainy. u-ki'-ba-xtha, to meet face to face,
u'-i-gtha-no° thi°-ga, a clean charac- either pleasantly or in anger,
ter; free from blame or reproach, u-wa'-ki-ba-xtha, I met face to face,
u-i' -he kshi-tha zhi —
u-i-he, to take u-tha'-ki-ba-xtha, you met face to
part; kshi-tha, permit; zhi, not: face,
n o t-t o-p e r m i t-t o-t a k e-p a r t o^-gu'-ki-ba-xtha i, we met face to
to omit, face,
u-i'-he a-kshi-tha mo "-zhi, I omitted u'-k'i bi, to be fed; nourished,
it. u'-ki-ga, an empty house.
u-i'-he tha-kshi-tha zhi, you omitted u'-ki-ga ga-xe, to make vacant.
it. u'-ki-ga pa-xe, I made vacant; I
u-i'-he o°-kshi-tha ba-zhi i, we vacated,
omitted it. u'-lji-ga shka-xe, you vacated,
u-i'-he kshi-the, to include, u'-ki-ga o°-ga-xa i, we made vacant;
u-i'-he a-kshi-the, I included it. we vacated.
u-i'-he tha-kshi-the, you included it. u-ki'-gtu, to assemble in a chief's
u-i'-he o"-kshi-tha i, we included it. house for council,
u-i'-hni-zhi°-ga, a parasol. u-ki'-dse, a goal; the goals in the game
u-i'-hni zhi^-ga wi" a-bthi°, I have a of shinny.
parasol, u-ki'-e, to speak or to talk to one
u-i'-hni zhi°-ga wi" a-ni, you have a another; to hold an interview.
parasol. u-wa'-lj:i-e, Ihad an interview,
u-i°, to wear earrings. u-tha'-ki-e, you had an interview.
u-i°' to° bthi°, I wear earrings. o°-gu'-ki-a i, we had an interview,
u-i°' to° shni, you wear earrings. u-ki'-gtha-ge, to speak of one's self,
u-i° to" o°-thi° i, we wear earrings, u-wa-ki-gtha-ge, I spoke of myself,
u-i" i-he-the, all at once; all to- u-wa'-ki-gtha-ge, you spoke of your-
gether; all lending a helping hand, self.
u-i'-ni-tha, a shelter; shelter from QQ-gu-ki'-gtha-ga i, we spoke of our-

danger; shelter from storms. selves.
67025—32 12
172 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (BULL, loe
u-]p'-gtha-gi°, to examine one's self. u-ki'-stse, half; 50 cents.

u-wa'-lfi-gtha-gi°, I examine myself, u-ki'-thi-btha-btha, succession; line-
u-tha'-lji-gtha-gi", you examine your- age.

self, u-ki'-tse, a joint.
o^-gu'-lfi-gtha-gi" i, we examine u-ki'-wa-wa-the, an unbroken suc-
ourselves. cession of descendants, an expres-
u-ki'-gthe, to splice two ropes to- sion often used in some of the
gether. rituals.
u-wa'-Ui-gthe, I spliced two ropes, u-ki'-xtha-xtha zhi, not equal in
u-tha'-ki-gthe, you spliced two ropes. length or size.
o°-gu'-ki-gtha i, we spliced two u-ko", a vacancy; a space. Room for

ropes. one more person in a house or at a
u-î'-gthi°-ge, a lawsuit brought gathering.
about by one man against another; u'-k'o°, custom; rite; ceremony.
(2) to embrace one another. u'-k*o" a-xo-be, proper respect for
{See a'-dse.) things sacred.
u-ki'-gthi-sho°-sho°, to turn around u-ko^'-gka, the center. Dse u-ko°-
in a circle; to circle. gka, center of a lake; ni'u-ko^-gka,
u-wa'-lj:i-gthi-sho"-sho°, I circled center of waters (the earth) This .
around. was a name given to a subgens of

u-tha'-ki-gthi-sho°-sho°, you circled the water division (Wa-zha-zhe
around. gens) of the Osage tribal organiza-
o"-gu'-ki-gthi-sho°-sho° i, we circled tion.
around, Ta wi" ts'e a-the, thiu-e u-ljo^-gka
u-ki'-gthi-stse ki-ki-zhi", rebellion; a-u, I a deer; I shot it
killed
civil war. through the middle of the body.

u'-ki-gthi-zha tsi, a place for wash- Mi u-ko°-9ka, mid-heaven or mid-
ing.
sun.
I'-wi-the ô°-btha, tho-to" pshi, the
u-ki'-ho", to cook something for one's
' ga u-ko^-gka xtsi a-wi-ljî-pa, I
self.
u-wa'-lci-ho", I cooked for myself.
want to see you; I went in a
straight line to find you, but meet
u-tha'-lfi-ho°, you cooked for your-
you here.
self.
u'-ko°-di-the, worry; great anxiety;
on-gu'-lj:i-ho° i, we cooked for our-
urgent,
o^'-u-ljo^-di-the, I worry.
u-ki'-hc-ge, demarcation; boundary.
u-thi-ko°-di-the, you worry.
u-ki'-ki-e, to speak to one another; to
u'-lj;o°-di-the xtsi o° i ha, it is very
hold a conversation.
urgent.
u-ki'-ki-e, a dialogue.
u'-k'o" do°-he, a kindly disposition,
u-ki'o", to mock; to ridicule; to hold in wa-k'u a-ka u-]j:'o° do°-ha bi a, the
derision; to mimic in sport. woman has a kindly disposition.
u-ki'-C-the, to throw themselves into; u-kc'-dsi, single; alone; separate;
to become insnared. sole,
U-ki'-pa-to°, RoUs-himself. Personal u-ko^'-dsi bthe ha, I went alone.
name. Refers to the rolling of the u-ko°'-dsi ne ha, you went alone.
buffalo on the ground. u-kc'-dsi, same as wi°'-xtsi.
u-ki-pa-ô"-tha, to roll over and over, u-ko°'-dsi ga-xe u-lô^-dsi, — alone;
u-wa'-ti-pa-to^-tha, I rolled over ga-xe, to make; to make alone: to
and over. segregate.
u-tha'-ki-pa-to°-tha, you rolled over u-kc'-dsi-gtho" — u-k:o'', space; dsi,
and over. there (in the center); gtho",
o''-gu-lj;i-pa-to"-tha i, we rolled over placed : one-that-is-placed-iu-the-
and over. center-of -space : the ace in a deck
u-lp'-pa-zhi, disagreement. of cards-
U-ko"'-d8i-no°-zhi°, Stands - alone. u'-k'o" wa-no»-tha zhi — continued,

Personal name. Refers to the u'-k'o" a-wa-no^-tha mo°-zhi, I am
solitary buffalo that stands apart confused.
from the herd. u'-k'o° wa-tha-no°-tha zhi, you are
u-ko°'-dsi the ga-xe, to make to be confused.
apart; to isolate. u-kshe'-to°, wages; pay; salary; com-
u-ljo°'-dsi pa-xe, I isolated them, pensation; earnings; income.
u-ljo^-dsi the shka-xe, j'ôu isolated u-kshe'-to° a-ki e-tho, I paid him a
them. salary.
u-lf;o°'-dsi the o°-ga-xa i, we isolated you paid
u-kshe'-to° o°-tha-ki e-tho,
them. me a salary.
u-kc'-dsi-tho^-tho", each one apart u-kshe'-to°, to obtain; to come into
from the rest; severally. possession of; to win; to gain; to
u-k'o° e-go°-zhi, wrongful; wrongly. earn.
Any act that
contrary or does
is u-wa'-kshe-to°, I came into posses-
not conform to custom. sion of.
u'-k'o° e-go°-zhi a-zho°-gi-the, u-tha'-kshe-to", jôu came into pos-
misfortune; bad luck; adversity; session of.
mishap. o°-gu'-kshe-to° i, we came into pos-
u'-ls:'o° e-go°-zhi a-a-zho°-gi-the, I session of.
met with adversity, u-k'u'-be, an abyss; a vale; valley; a
u'-k'o" e-go^-zhi a-tha-zho°-gi-the, gulch; a gutter; a ravine,
you met with adversity. u-k'u'-be zhi°-ga, small secluded
u-ko°' ga-xa — u-]j;o°, space; ga-xe, to glen; a dell.
make: vacate, u-k'u'-dse, a hole; perforation; orifice,
u-ko"' pa-xe, I vacate. u-mi'-zhe, mattress; bedding; pallet;
u-ko° shka-xe, you vacate. carpet,
u-ko°' o°-ga-xa i, we vacate. u-mi'-zhe tse-ga a-ni ko°-bthe go°,
u-ko°'-gthe, the vista, a natural you must have a new mattress,
avenue through a forest. u-mi'-zhe tse-ga wi" ko°-btha, I
U-ko°'-gthe, Where two creeks nearly must have a new carpet.
meet; Cow Creek, Okla. U-mi'-zhe, Bedding. Personal name.
u-ko° gtho°'-the, a large space; Refers to the buffalo hide used for
spacious. bedding.
u-k'c'-he, to place in a scabbard; to u-mi'-zhe u-thu-ga-do°, that with
sheathe. which carpets are put down:
u'-k'o° ho°-zhi, disrepute; disrepu- tacks.
table. u-mc'-bthi", as I walk or move in
u'-k'o°-pi-zhi, cruel; wicked; unruly; the darkness of the evening.
person with a bad disposition; (From a ritual.)
sullen; morose. U-mo°'-ho", the Osage name for
u'-k'o°-tha-gthi'', meek; lovable; a Omaha.
likable disposition. u-mo°'-i°-ka, a year.
u'-k'o" wa-no°-tha zhi, perplexity; u-mo°'-i"-ka wi°, one year.
confused; bewildered. This ex- u-mo°'-i°-lj;a tho°-ba, two years.
pression is used in one of the u-mo°'-i°-ka â-to", five years.
tribal rituals relating to the black u-mo°'-i-ka gthe-btho" hie-no°, a
bear (wa-ga'-be). He was suddenly period of ten years; a decade.
seized with the desire to hibernate u-mo°'-i°-ka gthe-btho° ki-e do-ba
for a period of sevenmonths and hi —u°-mo°-i°-]ja, year; gthe-
was confused and bewildered for a btho", ten; ]ki'-e, twice; do'-ba,
time, not knowing what he should four; hi, arrived at: has-reached-
do. He ran wildly about until he twice-four-ten-year; eighty years;
remembered what to do. (2) octogenarian.
—
u-mo'''-i°-ka gthe-btho° pe-tho°-ba u-no"'-bthe u-gi-dse, story of the

—
hi ii-mo°-i''-li:a, year; gthe-btho", search for Life-giving Food. The
ten; pe-tho°-ba, seven; hi, arrived third in the Zha'-zhe Ki-to°
at: arrived-at-seven-ten-years; sev- ceremony.
enty years; (2) septuagenarian. u'-no"-bthe u-zhi, a place for storing
u-ino"'-i°-ka gthe-btho" sha-pe provisions; a larder.
—
hi u-mo'''-i''-lja, year; gthe-btho", u-no'''-bu-dse, to shake down plenti-
ten; sha-pe, six; hi, has arrived at: ful with the feet.
has-arrived-at-six-ten-years; sixty u'-no"-d8a-pa, to shorten one's life.
years, or sexagenarian. u-no°'-k'o", a rumor; a report; hear-
u-ino"'-i"-ka wi" hi e no°, yearly; say,
annually. u-tha-ge wi° a-no^'-lj'o", I heard a
u'-ino°-ka, easy, not difficult. rumor,
u-mc'-thi", in the midst of it he u-tha-ge wi" tha-no^'-k'o", you heard
moves. (From a wi-gi-e.) a rumor,
u'-mu-ta ga-wa, muscles of the ab- u-tha-ge wi° o^-no^'-l^'o" i, we heard
domen, loosened with age. a rumor.
u-ni'-ka-shi-ga, dwell therein as u-no"'-sho-dse, to make water muddy
persons. (From a ritual.) by stirring it or putting it in
u'-niu-xi-xi, a labored breathing commotion,
among horses; a disease peculiar ni-ke u-wa'-no"-sho-dse, I made the
to horses: heaves. water muddy,
u'-ni-u-zho°-ge, road for the breath; ni-ke u-tha'-no^-sho-dse, you made
the windpipe; air passage for the water muddy,
breathing. ni-ke o^-gu'-no^-sho-dsa i, we made
u-ni'-zhi°, the fear of darkness; a the water muddy.
coward; craven; timid, u-no°'shto° gi-hi, has come to the
ta a-ba u-ni-zhi" no" bi a, the deer end of his path.
is timid. u'-no° tha-bi, that by which one
u-wa'-ni-zhi°, I fear darkness. reaches old age.
u-tha'-ni-zhi°, you fear darkness. u'-no" stse-dse, to live a long life;
o°-gu'-ni-zhi° i, we fear darkness. to live to see old age; longevity.

u-ni'-zhi° ba-zhi, not afraid of dark- u'-no° ts'e-ge hi, feebleness of mind;
ness. an old man.
u-wa'-ni-zhi° mo^-zhi, I am not u'-no" u-tha-ge, means by which old
afraid of darkness, age is reached. The second in the
u-tha'-ni zhi' a-zhi, you are not Zha'-zhe Ki-to° ceremony,
afraid of darkness. u'-no" wi-gi-e, prayer for long life
u°-gu'-ni-zhi° ba-zhi i, we are not u-no°, long life; wi-gi-e, prayer for.
afraid of darkness. u'-no°-xthi°, to make haste; to hurry.
u'-no°, means of reaching old age. u'-no°-xthi° ga-xe, to expedite; to
(From a ritual.) Following are hasten,
some of the symbols of long life: u'-nc-xthi" pa-xe, I hastened.
The willow tree, cedar (red) tree, u'-no°-xthi° shka-xe, you hastened,
Judas bush (red bud), the sun, the u'-no^-xthi" o°-ga-xa i, we hastened.
moon, day, night, morning star, u'-no°-xthi" xtsi, hastily; speedily.
evening star, the Dipper, Orion's u'-o° thi°-ge, to be at leisure; to have
belt,theta and iota (in Orion), the nothing to do.
sky, the red dawn, the dog star, u-o"' o°-thi°-ge, I have nothing to do.
and the Pole star. u-o°' thi-thi^-ge, vou have nothing to
u'-no°-bthe, a grocery. do.
u'-no°-bthe i-^s'a-the — u°-no''-bthe, u-o°' wa-thi^-ga i, we have nothing
food; i-ts'a-the, without: without to do.
food, famine. u-pa', length and breadth.
u'-pa-ge, the time wherein darkness u'-shko°, disposition, temperament;

comes; the evening. habit; custom,
u-pa'-ha, dipped in a kettle in which u-shkc'-bi ge, the placet, frequented
something has been cooking. by people,
(From a ritual.) u'-shko" tha-ghti°, good-natured;
u-pa'-hi°, I thrust my arm into the beneficent; kind-hearted,
hole in the ground, u-shpe', a fragment,
u-shpa'-hi", you thrust your arm into u-stse'-ge, the rest that are scattered
the hole, about,
o^-gu'-ba-hi" i, we thrust our arms u-stse' tse, the rest that has been
into the hole. gathered and stands in a pile;
U-pa'-shi-e, Counsellor. Personal (2) the remainder; part left over;
name. part of a number left over,
TJ'-pa-the, the son of this man was u-ta'-ga, handsome; showy; stateli-
wounded in battle, and the old ness; pretty; comely; pleasing to
man remained at this place caring the sight; satisfying to the sense of
for the son. A creek was named beauty,
for him; it was the eleventh camp u-ta'-ya wa-gthi°, it is very pretty.
of the second buffalo trail. u-â'-ga ki-the, to decorate one's self,
u-pe', to enter, u-ta'-ga a-î-the, I decorated myself,
u-wa'-pe, I enter, u-ta'-ga tha-ki-the, you decorated
u-tha'-pe, you enter. yourself,
Qi-gu'-pa i, we enter. u-ta'-ga-zhi, homely; homeliness;
u-pe' tse, entrance. ugly.
u-p'o'-tho°, steam rising from a kettle u-ta'-no°, street.
over a fire. u-ta'-no°-dsi, keeping one's self from
u-pshi', I have arrived at and am the others; the isolated one.
entering. (From a ritual.) u-ta'-no°-gtha-gtha, intermittent.
u-sda', the top of the head bared with u-ta'-no°-gthe, interval.
age; bald. This same word is u-ta'-no°-gthe tse, interim; in be-
used in a ritual found in the wi-gi-e tween times,
pertaining or relating to the u-tâ'-nc-tse, Ij'ing between two
return of a war party, and means, objects.
in this instance, places where the u-ta'-no"-u-k'o°-he, to interlay.
ground is trodden down. u-ta'-no°-u-nio°-thi°, to move in the
u-sha'-be, in which the color is dark. midst of a great gathering; to walk
A ritual, expression. in the midst of a forest.
u'-sha-zhi, scarce; not plenty. (Om. u-ta'-no°-u-mo"-bthi°, I walked in
i-sha-zhi.) the forest,
u'-she, plenty; plentiful. u-ta'-no^-u-mo^-shni, you walked in
u'-shi-tsi-the wa-ga-xe, startler; the the forest.
quail, called so from its sudden u-ta'-no°-o°-gu mo°-thi° i, we walked
noisy and startling flight. in the forest.
u'-8hka-8hka-tho°, to exhilarate; to u-ta'-no°-u-no°-zh.i°, to intervene.
enliven. u-ta'-thi°, to spread fame; refers to
u'-shka-shka-tho° pshi mi°-kshe, I the courage of warriors.
am exhilarated. u te wa-bi° shi-be-tha bi a, blood
u'-shka-shka-tho° shi ni-kshe o, you escaped from his wound. (From
are exhilarated. a ritual.)
u'-shka-shka-tho° o°-ga-hi o°-ga-to°, u-tha'-btho°-xe, crunched within.
we are exhilarated. U - tha' - ga - bi, Famed. Personal
u'-shki-ga, lewd; a mean, quarrel- name,
some person; perfidy; perverse; u-tha'-ge, to tell a tale or a story; (2)
unprincipled, to make a statement,
u'-shki-ga bi a, he is perverse. u-btha'-ge, I made a statement.
176 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY IbULL. 109
u-tha'-ge — continued. u-tha'-ts'i", attached; attachment; as

u-shta'-ge, you made a statement. fruit is attached to a vine or tree,
C-gu'-tha-ga i, we made a statement, u-tha'-xu-e, dragged therein by the
u'-tha-ge, a story; narrative; a legend; teeth. This is an expression used
tradition. in the mythical stories and refers
u'-tha-ge ga-xe, a fictitious tale, novel, to the act of the beaver,
or romance, u-the'-the, the paths of the wind, or
u'-tha-ge-u-ga-xe thi°-ge, a rumor; the four quarters,
an unverified report, u-thi'-btha, gnarled with age.
u'-tha-ge wi° a-no"-t'o°, I heard a u-thi'-btho°, to smell.
rumor, u-bthi'-btho°, I smell (flowers).
u'-tha-ge wi° tha-no°-l}:'o°, you u'-shni-btho°, you smell (flowers).
heard a rumor. o°-gu'-thi-btho° i, we smell (flowers).
u'-tha-gthi°, an act resulting in good, u-thi'-bu-dse, to strew; to spread by
u'-tha-ha, to follow a group of persons scattering; to disarrange; to squan-
who go on a journey, der,
u'-btha-ha bthe ta mi^-kshe o, I shall u-bthi'-bu-dse, I disarrange,
follow them. u-shni'-bu-dse, you disarrange.
u-tha'-ha, upon whom are attached, o°-gu-thi-bu-dsa i, we disarrange.
u-tha'-ki-ba-xtha, you met him face u'-thi-so°, the act of parching corn.
to face, u-bthi'-50°, I parched corn.
u-tha'-ki-e, you spoke to him. u-ni'-50°, you parched corn,
u-tha'-k'o°-he, holding therein (as o^-gu-thi-go" i, we parched corn.
under the arms). wa-to°'-thi te u-bthi-50", I parched
u-tha' ni-ka-shi-ga, to dwell therein, the corn.
as though it were your personal wa-to°'-thi te u-nigo°, you parched
abode, the corn.
u'-tha-shi-ge, to complain, wa-to°'-thi te o°-gu-thi-50° i, we
u-btha'-shi-ge, I complain, parched the corn.
u-na'-shi-ge, you complain. u-thi'-5o°-ha, in the midst of pur-
o°-gu'-tha-shi-ga i, we complain, suers.
u-tha'-shta-ge, to be free from pain. u'-thi-5o°-ha, to become a member of
on.-wo°'-tha-shta-ge, I am free from some society or organization; to
pain, join.
u-thi'-tha-shta-ge, you are free from u-bthi'-50"-ha, I became a member,
pain, u-shni'-go^-ha, you became a mem-
u-tha'-shte, to save, ber, fc
u'-btha-shte, I saved, o°-gu'-thi-50°-ha i, we became mem-

u'-na-shte, you saved. bers.
o°-gu'-tha-shta i, we saved, u-thi'-do°, to draw the reins of a
u'-tha-stse, to save a portion from a bridle to check a horse,
feast to carry home, ta'-wa thi" u-bthi-do°, I checked
u'-btha-stse, I saved a portion from the horse.
the feast, Ija'-wa thi° u-shni-do°, you checked
u'-na-stse, you saved a portion from the horse.
the feast, Ija'-wa thi° o°-gu-thi-do° i, we
c-gu-tha-stsa i, we saved a portion checked the horse.
from the feast, u-thi'-d8i°-gthe, too tight.
u-tha' to°-ga, to dilate; to make big. u-thi'-ho°-ho°, fluttering upon.
u'-btha to°-ga, I made it big. u-thi'-ko" thi°-ge, lifeless; sluggish;
u'-na to°-ga, you made it big. inert,
o^-gu-tha to"-ga i, we made it big. u-thi'-k'u-dse, to drill (a hole),
These expressions are equivalent u-bthi'-k'u-dse, I drill,
to the white man's "make a moun- u-ni'-lj'u-dse, you drill.
tain out of a molehill." Qo-gu'-thi-^'u-dsa i, we drill.

Ui fleschk] OSAGE DICTIONARY 177
u-thi'-mo", to lock, u-thi'-ô°-tha, anything propelled by

u-bthi'-mo", I lock. rolling: a wagon, buggy; a car-
u-ni'-mo°, you lock. riage.
o"-gu-thi-mo'', we lock. u-thi'-to°-tha k'o°-5a-gi u-thi-to"- —
u-thi"'-ga bi a-ka, a defendant in a tha, anthing that is controlled;
lawsuit. k'o^-ga-gi, having great speed:
u-thi"'-ge, to bring suit for damages; steam cars.
legal action; to sue. u-thi'-ô°-tha-the, a wagon wheel.
u-bthi"'-ge, I sued him. u-thi'-tC'-tha -^si-u-tha-ha u-thi, —
u-stsi°'-ge, you sued him. action by pulling; to"-tha, to roll
c-gu'-thi^-ga i, we sued him. or to make run; tsi-u-tha-ha, little-
u-thi"'-ge, to hold up; to seize; to wagon-with-a-house-attached-to-it:
grab; to arrest; to grasp; to catch. a buggy,
{See u-tho°.) u-thi' -to °-tha u-no°-zhi°, a garage.
u-bthi°'-ge, I seized him. u-thi'-to°-tha wi-ta we'-gta-the a-
u-stsi°'-ge, you seized him. gi ko^-btha, I want oil for my
c-gu'-thi^-ga i, we seized him. wagon.
u'-thi^-ge, an officer of the law; a u-thi'-^C-tha zhi°-ga, a little wagon;
sheriff. a wheelbarrow.
u-thi°'-ge a-do°-be, custody of a u'-thi-ts'a-ge i-wa-xpa-thi", poor
prisoner. from being improvident; shiftless.
TJ-thi°'-ge-no°-zhi'', Stands-holding. u-thi'-xi-dse, to look around to see
Personal name. Refers to the something,
eagle holding its prey. u-bthi'-xi-dse, I looked around,
u-thi°'-ge wa-tse-xi, hard to touch; u-ni'-xi-dse, you looked around.
the large joint of the spine be- uD.gu'-thi-xi-dsa i, we looked around.
tween the shoulders, u-thi'-xi°, to inclose or surround
u-thi' sh'a-ge, lazy man; an idler, anything; to incase.
u-thi'-shi", to wrap anything up. u-bthi'-xi°, I inclosed it.
u-bthi'-shi°, I wrap it up. u-ni'-xi°, you inclosed it.
u-ni'-shi°, you wrap it up. c-gu'-thi-xi" i, we inclosed it.
o°-gu'-thi-shi° i, we wrap it up. u-thi'-xi"-to°, a cobweb,

u'-thi-shki, a washtub. u-thi' -xo°, in which to break some-
u'-thi-shki wi" ko°-btha, give me a thing, as in a hole.
washtub. u-bthi'-xo°, I broke something in the
u-thi'-shi°-gthe, to surround an hole.
enemy as in an attack, u-stsi-xo°, you broke something in the
u-thi'-sho", marching around in a hole.
circle. o°-gu'-thi-xo° i, we broke something
U-thi' -sho^-mo^-i", Moves-in-aH;ircle. in the hole.
Personal name. Refers to the u-thi-xtho°, to pucker the mouth or
soaring of the eagle, to wrinkle the forehead,
u'-thi-to", an occupation; a position; i-te u-bthi-xtho°, I puckered my
office; employment. mouth,
u'-thi-to° ti wi-ta te-di bthe, I i-te u-ni-xtho°, you puckered your
went to my oflBce. mouth,
u'-thi-to" ti thi-ta te-di shni a(?) are i-te o°-gu-thi-xtho° i, we puckered
you going to your office? our mouths.
u'-thi-to° tha-gthi" xtsi u-wa-no°-zhi, pe tho°' u-bthi-xtho", I wrinkled my
I have a good position. forehead,
u'-thi-to° tha-gthi° xtsi a-ni, you pe tho"' u-ni-xtho", you wrinkled
have a good position. your forehead.
u- thi-xtho • —
continued. u-thu'-ba, penitence; remorse; regret,
pe tho°' o°-gu-thi-xtho° i, we wrinkled u-thu'-wa-ba, I regret,
our foreheads. u-thu'-tha-ba, you regret.
u-thi'-xthu-xtha, a rut; furrow, o"-tho"'-gu-ba i, we regret,
u-thi'-xto", to drop into the eye. ni'-lja-shi-ga u-thu'-ba wa-gthi" bi a,
i°-shta' tho" ino"-lj;o° u-bthi-xto", I the man was filled with regret.
drop medicine in my eye. u-thu'-be-bthi°, the act of twisting,
i^-shta' tho" mo''-lf;o'' u-ni-xto", you done by another.
drop medicine in your eye. u-thu'-pe-bthi°, I am twisting,
i"-shta' tho" mo^-ô" o^-gu-thi-xto" u-the'-shpe-bthi", you are twisting,
i, we drop medicine in our eyes o^-tho^'-gu-be-bthi" i, we are twist-
u-thi'-zhc-â, confluence; the junc- ing,
tion of two streams. u-thu'-btha-ge, a calm,
u'-tho-da-ki-the, relative; kindred; u'-thu-se u-tha-ge, the name of a
natural ties of kin. meeting; a notice to come and
u'-tho-da-ki-tha hiu a-wa-to" ha, I participate.
have many relatives. u-thu-ge thi^-ge, impotence; im-
u-tho°'-da, the center. potent; weakness.
u-tho°'-da wa-tsi, the circle dance. u-thu'-5pe, to close the blade of a
One of the great war ceremonies, pocketknife.
at which time the people dance in u-bthu'-5pe, I close the blade of the
the form of a circle. knife.
u'-tho°-dse-shi, anxiety; to be anx- u-nu'-§pe, you closed the blade of
ious; deeply concerned; solicitous, the knife,
u'-tho^-dse o"-shi, I am anxious. o^-gu-ypa i, we closed the blade of
u'-tho°-dse thi shi, you are anxious. the knife,
u'-tho°-dse o°-shi bi a, he was u-thu'-da —
u-da, borrow; thu, by
solicitous for me. which: interest money,
u'-tho°-dse-shi a-zhi, indifference, u'-thu-da ki-the, genealogy; line-
u'-thc-dse-shi thi°-ge, disuse; out of age,
use. u-thu'-dc-be, to give thought to an
u'-tho°-zhi, inevitable, offer;whether to accept an offer or
u'-thc-zhi e-go", infallible; unerring; not; to make up one's mind to do
unfailing. or not to do a thing.
u-tho'-to°, a virtuous woman, u-thu'-to°-be bthi shto", I made up
u-thu-a-btha'-ge, calm; serene; tran- my mind,
quil; still; quiet; a place that is pro- u-thu'-shto^-be ni shto°, you made up
tected against the violence of the your mind,
wind. o^-tho^'-gu-do^-ba i o" thi shto°, we
u-thu-a'-to", to follow; to be next; made up our minds,
sequence. u'-thu-dse i-no°-zhi° wa-tho°, song
u-thu'-a-wa-to°, I follow next, of the Rising of those who partici-
u-thu'-a-tha-to", you follow next, pate. This is the final song of the
o^-tho^'-gu-to" i, we follow next, No^'-ho^-zhi^-ga Ritual of the
u-thu-a'-wa-to" a-no''-zhi'', I follow I°-gtho°'-ga and Wa-ga-be gentes
next to him. and has reference to the fact that
u-thu-a'-to" a-tha-dse, to second a the Ancient Men have performed
motion. the duties required of them.
u-thu-a'-to° a-btha-dse, I second the u-thu'-ga-hi, to stir up what is
motion. cooking or boiling; to paddle,
u-thu-a'-to° a-shta-dse, you second u-thu'-wa-ga-hi, I am stirring what is
the motion. in the pot cooking,

u-thu-a'-to° o°-ga'-tha-dsa i, we sec- u-thu'-tha-ga-hi, you are stirring
ond the motion. what is in the pot cooking.
u-thu'-ga-shke, to tie something with u-thu'-ki, to defend; to defend a

a string or rope, friend or relative in a fight or alter-
u-thu'-wa-ga-shke, I tied it. cation; to uphold in an argument,
u-thu'-tha-ga-shke, you tied it. u-thu'-wa-ki, I defended him.
c-tho^'-gu-ga-ksha i, we tied it. u-thu'-tha-ki, you defended him.
u-thu'-gi-no°-zhi°, pantaloons; o"-tho°-gu-ki we defended him.
i,
pants; trousers. u-thu'-ki-gC-thi", to hide behind a

u-thu'-gi-no°-zhi° a-a-gi-pa-gta, I tree or hill.
patch my pants. u-thu'-ki-ho°, two kinds of food boiled

u-thu'-gi-nC-zhi" a-tha-gi pa-gta, or cooked together.
you patch your pants. u-thu'-k'o°-he, to put a horizontal
u-thu'-gi-no°-zhi° a-gi-no° btha-ya, I object into a receptacle for another
tore my pants. person,
u-thu'-gi-no°-zhi° o°-tha no° btha-ge, u-thu'-pe-bthi", the act of twisting,
you tore your pants. done by one's self.
u-thu'-gi-no°-zhi° a-ga-ha, overalls. u'-thu-no°-zhi°, substituting in an
u-thu'-gi-no°-zhi° a-ga-ha wi-ta, my office in place of and for another;
overalls. regency,
u-thu'-gi-no°-zhi° aga-ha thi-ta, your u-thu'-pshe, to follow a trail of an
overalls, animal,
u-thu'-gtha, to repent; regret; re- gi-gthe u-thu'-wa-pshe, I followed the
morse, animal's trail,
u-thu'-wa-gtha ha, I repented, gi-gthe u-thu'-tha-pshe, you fol-
u-thu'-tha-gtha ha, you repented, lowed the animal's trail,
o^-tho^'-gu-gtha i, we repented, gi-gthe o°-tho°'-gu-psha i, we fol-
u-thu'-gtha thi°-ge, remorseless; lowed the animal's trail.

having no remorse. u-thu'-pshe, cradle board,
u-thu'-gthe, to put an upright article u-thu'-shi ha u-ino°-thi°, to walk
in a receptacle for another person, in advance of a group of people,
as putting another person's cane or u-thu'-shi ha u-mo°-bthi°, I walked
umbrella away for him. in advance,
u-thu'-gtho°, a piece of anything, u-thu'-shi-ha u-mo°-shni, you walked
cloth or paper, in advance,
u-thu'-ha, following. u-thu'-shi-ha o°-gu mo°-thi° i, we
u-thu'-ha-ge, the last time, walked in advance,
u-thu'-ha-ge tse, final; the final act; u-thu'-stsu-e, a dresser or drawer,
the last. u-thu'-ta-ga, adorning; becoming;
Tsi'-zhu u-thu-ha-ge, the last in the pleasing in looks; a dress which is
line of the Tsi'-zhu gens, suitable to the person wearing it.
u-thu'-hi, to reach an object placed u-thu'-ta-thi°,poor; poverty-stricken.
above the head, (See wa-xpa'-thi".)
u-thu'-wa-hi, I reached up for it. u-thu'-thi-gtha, he regrets he did
u-thu'-tha-hi, you reached up for it. not meet you.
c-tho'i'-gu-hi i, we reached up for it. u-thu' thi°-ga-zhi, to have enough
u-thu'-hi zhi, unable to reach. for all the guests or applicants,
u-wa'-hi mo°-zhi, I am unable to u-thu' -thi-thi°-ga mo°-zhi, I have
reach, enough for all.
u-thu'-tha-hi a-zhi, you are unable o"-tho°'-wo° thi"-ga a-zhi, you have
to reach. enough for all.
o°-tho°'-gu hi ba-zhi i, we are unable wiu'-tha-thi^-ga ba-zhi i, we have

to reach, enough for all.
u-thu'-hi a-zhi, too narrow; too small, u-thu' thi"-ge, there was not enough
as a blanket. to go around.
u-thu-to", straight; upright; true; U-'tse'-xta, the name of The Little

honest; good character,
u-thu'-to", accurate. u-tse'-xta, the base of a hill.
u-thu'-t;o" a-zhi, not true; not u-tsi', dwell; an abode; abiding place;
straight; dishonest; not accurate; a home; (2) a site suitable for a
not upright; can not be depended house or camp,
upon, u-tsi' do "-be tha-gthi", it is a beauti-
u-thu'-ts'a-ge, anything that be- ful site.
comes a nuisance; offensive; vexa- u-tsi', plenty; plentiful. {See u'-she.)
tious or annoying; (2) not willing; u-^si'-k'a, moldy; mold.
lazy; idle; one who shirks, avoids u'-tsi zhe ga-xe shto°, riotous; noisy;
work, evades responsibility, turbulent.
u-bthu'-ts'a-ge, I am unwilling, u'-tsi", to maul; to beat; to pound;
u-ni'-ts'a-ge, you are unwilling. to strike; (2) to give a drubbing;
o"-gu'-ts'a-ga i, we are unwilling. to thrash.
u-thu-ts'a-ge i-wa-xpa-thi'' — u-thu- u-wa'-tsi°, I struck him.
ts'a-ge, to shirk; i-wa-xpa-thi", u-tha'-tsi", you struck him.
poor because he would not work; o"-gu'-sti" i, we struck him.
to-shirk-work : shiftless. u'-tsi-zhe, a row; an uproar; a rumpus;
U-tliu'-xa-wa-the, a personal name (2) a fracas; riot; disorder; a fray.
in the Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge gens, u-tsi'-zhe, to roar; (2) to make any

u-thu'-xtha, to pull on, as leggings, kind of a noise.
ho "-be u-bthu-xtha, I pulled on my u'-tsi-zhe ga-xe, a riot; uproar;
leggings. tumult,
ho°-be u-nu-xtha, you pulled on your u'-tsi-zhe pa-xe, I made a rumpus,
u'-tsi-zhe ga-xa bi a, he made a
leggings,
ho "-be o°-gu-thu-xtha i, we pulled on rumpus,
our leggings. u'-tsi-zhe shka-xe, you made a
u-thu'-xtha-ha, underneath; down- rumpus,
ward, u'-tsi-zhe o°-ga-xa i, we made a
u'-tc-ba, to be noticed, identified. rumpus.
u'-wa-bi° ba-da-da zhe, the blood
u-to°'-be, to investigate.
bubbling up from the wound of the
u-to°'-be pa-xe, I investigate,
little animal. (Ritual.)
u-to^'-be shka-xe, you investigate.
u-to°'-be o"-ga-xa i, we investigate.
u'-wa-do"-be — u, in which to; wa-
do°-be, a theater; a circus.
see;
u-to°'-be-the, to investigate a matter
u'-wa-do"-be the o°-gu, I like to go to
to see what can be done.
the theater.
u'-to"-be-the pa-xe, I investigated
u'-wa-ga-shi-be, a salary; a fee.
the matter.
u'-wa-ga-shi-be a-ghti°-ha, an addi-
u'-to°-be-the shka-xe, you investi-
tional allowance besides the regu-
gated the matter,
lar salary or wages; perquisites.
u'-to^-be-the o°-ga-xa i, we investi-
u-wa'-ki-ba-xtha, I met him face to
gated the matter.
face.
u-'tc'-ga, not quite; the larger part. u'-wa-ki-gtha-dse, statute; written
u'-tse, the wound, or a wound. law.
u-^se', to search for; to hunt, u'-wa-mo"-xe-the, deception; falla-
u-wa-tse', I hunt, cious.
u-tha-tse', you hunt. u-wa'-ni-ka-shi-ga, I dwell as a
o°-gu'-tsa i, we hunt, person.(From a ritual.)
u'-tse-xi, acts difficult to perform, u'-wa-no"-btha tha-gthi", good to
such as warlike acts required to be eat; delicacy.
performed in order to win honors u'-wa-pi-gthe, a house for storing
and rank. supplies; a storehouse.
u'-wa-tha-dse — u, in which; wa, u-we'-wa-hu-stsa, a lunch; to take

things; tha-dse, uttered or spoken: lunch; a light meal,
the law. u'-wi-a-zhi, taciturn; disincUned to
u'-wa-thi-5ki, a place agreed upon for talk; reticent,
meeting or for a gathering; a u'-wi-a-zhi wa-gthi° bi a, he is very
rendezvouz. reticent,
u-wa'-ô°, next in order or line; the u-wi'-gi, to leap; to jump in play;
next in time, place, or rank, (2) to ahght; to dismount.
u'-wa-^se-xi, difficulty. u-tha'-wi-5i, you dismount.

u'-wa-we-stse, disgraceful; shameful-
Qi-gu'-wi-gi we dismount.
i,
u-wi'-ga-sho°, to tend; to serve a sick

u'-we, field.
person; to act as a nurse for a
u'-we-ga-xe, to till the soil; to make a
person who is ill.
field,
u-we'-ga-sho", I acted as nurse.
u'-we-pa-xe, Imade a field,
u-the'-ga-sho°, you acted as nurse.
u'-we-shka-xe, you made a field.
o°-gu'-wi-ga-sho° i, we acted as nurses.
u'-we-o°-ga-xa i, we made a field,
u-wi'-ko°, to help; to give aid in times
u'-we ga-xe tha-gthi°, to cultivate;
of distress,
good to make a field. u-we'-ko", I gave help.
u'-we-hno°, thankfulness; gratitude, u-the'-lj:o°, you gave help.
u'-we kshe mo°-h.i° wa-gthi", the on-gu'-wi-ko° i, we gave help,
weedy.
field is u-wi^'-gthe, a house afire,
u'-we-to°-i° (n.),a register; a token; u-wi'"' i-he-the, to act and to struggle
a keepsake; a sign; something in a body; all taking part.
placed to aid in the memory of a u-wo°, to be busy.
place. u'-o" o°-wo" tsi, I am busy.
u-we'-to°-i°, to register. u'-o° u-thi-tsi, you are busy.
u-we'-toM" pa-xe, I registered. u'-xo-be xtsi, hardly; barely.
u-we'-to°-in shka-xe,you registered. u-xo-be xtsi o° bi a, we barely
u-we'-toM° o°-ga-xa i, we registered. escaped with our lives,
u'-we-tc-i" ga-xe a-ka, a recorder; u-xpa'-the, to grope; to feel around
one who is employed to make with the hands in the dark; (2)
records. to fall; to become lost. (See
u'-we-to°-i° —
ga-xe u-we-to'^-i", a xi-tha.)
mark of some kind by which a o°-wo°'-xpa-the, I felt around in the
thing may be found; ga-xe, to dark,
make; to make a mark of identifi- u-thi'-xpa-the, you felt around in the
cation; a written record; a
(2) dark,
deed; a written instrument by u-wa'-xpa-tha i, we felt around in the
which is recorded the transfer of dark,
real property. u-xpa'-the-ga-xe, mislead; to lead
u'-we-to°-i° pa-xe, I made a mark of one into error,
identification, u-xpa'-the pa-xe, I misled him.
u'-we-tc-i" shka-xe, you made a u-xpa'-the shka-xe, you misled him.
mark of identification, u-xpa'-the o°-ga-xa i, we misled him.
u'-we-to^-i" o^-ga-xa i, we made a u'-xta (a.), marvelous; pleasing; mys-

mark of identification. terious; lovable,
u'-we-to°-i° gi-k'i, to give a receipt u'-xta, to prize highly; to hold a thing
for money paid; a record of the as precious or valuable,
settlement of accounts. u'-xta pa-xe e-go° ?a-gi u-bthi"-ge, I
u-we'-to°-i° a-ti'i, I gave a receipt. hold it precious,
u-we'-to°-i° tha-k'i, you gave a u'-xta shka-xe e-go" â-gi u-ni ge,
receipt, you hold it precious,
u'-we-to-'-i" o"-!?;'! i, we gave a u'-xta o^-ga-xa i e-go° ga-gi o"-gu-
receipt. thi^-ga i, we hold it precious.
u'-xta-the, to be fond of a person, u-xtc' —

continued.
u-xta-a-the, I am fond of that person, mo"-ljo° g;a-be tse u-xto° o''-ga-xa i,
u-xta-tha-the, you are fond of that we percolate the coffee,
person. u-zhe'-tha, to be tired; to be weary.
u-xtha'-be, a thicket; a dense forest; a o°-wa-zhe-tha, I am tired,
grove; woods, u-thi'-zhe-tha, you are tired,
u-xtha'-be dse u-wa'-ha-ye, I took u-wa'-zhe-tha i, we are tired,
refuge in a forest,
u-zhe'-tsi, fireplace. (Om. u-zhe'-ti.)
u-xtha'-be dse u-tha'-hage, you took
u'-zhi, to plant.
refuge in a forest,
u-zhi' pshi a-tha, I have been to
u-xtha-be ke tsi i-tha Iji-no^-xthe, I
plant,
hid in the thicket,
u'-tha-zhi she a-tha, you have been
u-xtha'-be ge u-ba wi°-xe o°-ga-the
to plant,
tse a-tha, let us take a walk in the
woods.
u-zhi' o^-ga-hi bi a-tha, we have been
to plant,
u-xtha'-be ga-shta, clearing; the
u-zhi^-ga, when it is yet small; the
clearing of a space in the woods,
new moon,
u-xtha'-be ge dsi, the places where
u'-zhi to-ho, a blue bottle,
there are trees.
u'-zhi to-ho zhi-'-ga. a vial; small
u-xtha'be u-kc (Oin. same), glade;
bottle.
an open space in a forest.
u-zho°-ge, a trail; a path; a route to be
u-xtha'-e ba-ta, a grove; forest,
taken; a thoroughfare; a road.
u-xtha'-zhi, secondary; of less im-
u-zho°'-ge ke btha-tha, the road is
portance; inferior; (2) failure to
wide.
beat in a race.
u-zho°'-ge ke gka-gka-be, the road is
u-wa'-xtha-mo°-zhi, I failed to beat
in the race,
muddy.
u-zho°'-ge i-ga-xe, a marker for a
u-tha'-xtha a-zhi, you failed to beat
in the race.
cornfield used in making furrows,
u-xthe', to overtake, u-zho-'-ge thi--ga, a footpath.
u-wa'-xthe, I overtake, u-zhc'-ge u-ta-no", a road between
u-tha'-xthe, you overtake. rows of houses; a street; a thor-
o"-gu'-xtha i, we overtake, oughfare.
u-xthe'-xthe-ge, the tenderloin of an u-zho°'-^si, a house in which to sleep;
animal (buflfalo) when butchered a dormitory,
u-xthe' -xthe-ga ke tha-tse o^-tha- u'-zhu, main; the principal,
gtho" no° a-tha, I like to eat the u'-zhu, a pocket; a receptacle.
tenderloin. u-zhu-a' gi-zhi° bi, one who is held
u'-xthi, anger; violence; imperfection. in high esteem by the people; a
(From a ritual.) man of prominence.
u'-xtho"-shto", to be cross; disagree- u-zhu-a' gi-zhi" bi thi^-kshe, the
able. favored one; the favorite,
a-xtho°'-shto°, I am cross, u-zhu'- a-ka, the person himself; per-
tha'-xtho^-shto", you are cross. sonally; self,
on-xtho°-shto" i, we are cross. u-zhu-a' to" he, I who stand here,
u-xthu'-k'a, a hollow tree or log. u-zhu' tha to" she, you who stand
u-xthu'-xtha, ditch. here.
u-xto"' (Om. same), to percolate; to u-zhu'-a-ka i-ta bi ge, self-interest.
drip, u-zhu a'-ki-zhi", conceit; vainglori-
tsi wi-ta ni u-xto°, water dripped ious; egotism; pride,
into my house. u-zhu-a' -zhi", to hold in esteem; to
mo°-ko° ga-be tse u-xto" pa-xe, I per- respect,
colate the coffee. u-zhu' a-a-zhi°, I respect,
mo°-ô" ga-be tse u-xto" shka-xe, u-zhu a'-tha-zhi", you respect,
you percolate the coffee. u-zhu' o^-ga-zhi" i, we respect.
LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONAIIY 183
u'-zhu-ha, a sack or bag. u'-zhu-^'o° ga-xe, to wager.

u'-zhu-ha stsu-dse xtsi wi° a-bthi°, u'-zhu-^'o° pa-xe, I made a wager,
I have a warm sack. u'-zhu-k'o" shka-xe, you made a
u'-zhu-k'o°, a wager. wager.
u'-zhu-k'o° pa-xe, I made a wager. u'-zhu-lj:'o" o°-ga-xa i, we made a
u'-zhu-lj:'o° shka-xe, you made a wager,
wager, u'-zhu zhi°-ga, a small bag.
u'-zhu-k'o" o°-ga-xa i, we made a
wager.
W
Wa-a'-bi, the moon for preparing the wa'-ba-ha (Om. same), the stretcher;
ground for planting; Osage name the Great Dipper. This constella-
for April. tion is frequently referred to in
wa'-a-no°-k'o° phai e tho, I have ceremonial rituals by the Osage.
been to hear them. wa-ba'-hi (Om. same), to graze;
wa'-a-ki-pa, I met them coming. grazing.
wa-ba'-gi-ge, wasp. The wasp figures wa-ba'-ho" — wa, a thing which; ba-
in the tribal rites as a symbol of ho°, pushes up: a mole. The
the weapons of the warriors who name refers to the habit of the
go forth to fight in defense of the mole of pushing the surface of
homes of the people, the earth upward in making its
wa-ba'gi-ge wi" o^-ba-gi-ga bi a, a underground passages.
wasp stung me. wa'-ba-ko°-e-wa-the, hateful; pro-
wa-ba'-gi-ge ga-be —wa-ba'-gi-ge, a voking; obnoxious; odious.
stinger; ga-be, black: black sting-
wa'-ba-ni-ka ga-xa, the name given
er — a hornet. Delaware Creek, Okla., by the
wa-ba'-gi-ge hi-stse-e, a long-legged
Osage.
wasp or hornet.
Wa'-ba-ni-ki, the Osage name for
wa-ba'-gi-ge tsi-he, wasp's nest.
the Delaware Tribe.
wa-ba'-gi-ge zhu-dse, red wasp.
wa-ba'-no° Ba-ge wa-tho°, song of
wa-ba'-gno", to roast a piece of meat
Carving the Roast. This refers
on a spit.
to a ceremonial feast at which the
wa-pa'-gno°, I roast meat on a spit.
warriors of the two great tribal
wa-shpa'-gno°, you roast meat on a
divisions are brought together so
spit.
that tradition of the tribal unity
QD-wo^'-ba-gno" i, we roast meat on
a spit.
may not be forgotten. This feast
was always held on the first even-
wa'-ba-gtha, shy; bashful; modest;
ing of a day's journey.
modesty; shamefaced.
wa'-ba-gtha-u-tsi°, name of the wa'-ba-to-be, to cut skin into pieces
special officers organized to whip
for making moccasins. {See ba-
to-be.)
the regular officers of the buffalo
chase who fail to do their duty to wa-ba'-tse, one who sews; to sew.
punish the unruly. wa-pa-tse, I sew.
wa-ba'-ha, to make a sign; to give a wa-shpa'-tse, you sew.
signal. This refers to a signal on_-vvo°'-ba-tsa i, we sew.
given by runners returning with wa'-ba-tse, ribbons.
a good report, wa-ba'-tse-wa-k'o, a sewing woman;
wa-pa'-ha, I signaled, a seamstress,
wa-shka'-ha, you signaled, wa-ba'-tse wa-k'o wi° i-tha-the ko°-
o^-wo^-ba'-ha i, we signaled. btha, I want to find a seamstress.
wa-ba'-xi, The awakeners. Refers to wa-bi°' — continued.

its office of urging the messengers wa-bi°' o° bi-ga mo°-zhi", I am
to prompt action. The name of a bleeding (at the nose) and it has
subgens of the Tsi'-zhu gens; acts not stopped.
as Sho'-l>;a to both itself and the Wa-bi° i-ta-zhi, Those-who-do-not-
gens. touch-blood. The name
of a sub-
wa-ba'-xte, luggage; bundles. gens of the Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge,
wa-ba'-xte, to pack, the PeaceiBaker gens.
wa-pa'-xte, I pack, wa-bo'-5ke, flour, wheat.
wa-shpa'-xte, you pack. wa-bo'-gke ba-xtse, sheaf or bundle.
o°-\vo°-ba-xta i, we pack. wabo'-gke da-pa, round bread; bis-
wa'-ba-xtho-ge, the awl perforations cuit.
of a piece of skin being sewn to wa-bo'-gke ga-Qe, to reap; to cut
shape for moccasins. Used in wheat or other grain,
rituals. wa-bo'-gke a-ê, I reap,
wa-ba'-xtse, the portable shrine, con- wa-bo'-gke tha-ge, you reap,
taining sacred articles; (2) a pack; wa-bo'-gke o°-ga-Qa i, we reap.
a bundle; anything tied like a wa-bo'-5ke hi, straw; stalks of wheat
bundle. or other small grain.
wa-ba'-xtse zhi^-ga, a packet; a wa-bo'-gke hi" stse-e, hairy wheat;
small bundle; a portable shrine. rye.
wa-ba'-zhi" (Om. same), errand; mes- wa-bo'-5ke i-ba-xtse, reaper.
sage; messenger; one who carries wa-bo'-5ke i-tsi", a threshing ma-
a message for another; (2) to chine; a separator.
mediate; a mediator, wa-bo'-5ke-u-5u, seed wheat.
wa-ba'-zhi" bthe, I am going on an wa-bo'-5ke ko°-to°, binder for wheat
errand, or other grain.
wa-ba'-zhi" stse, you are going on an wa-bo'-Qke u-tsi°, to thresh wheat
errand. (literally, to strike wheat),
wa-ba'-zhi" gthi, the return of a wa-bo'-gke u-wa-tsi°, I thresh wheat,
messenger to his village to make wa-bo'-gke u-tha-tsi°, you thresh
a report. wheat,
wa'-be-bthi° hi, the twiner. A plant wa-bo'-gke o"-gu-tsi° i, we thresh
that twines itself around a tree, wheat.
something hke the poison ivy. wa-bo'-Qke u-zhu, to sow wheat,
wa'-be-to", a wrapper; any kind of wa-bo'-gke u-wa-zhu, I sow wheat,
skin or cloth used for wrapping wa-bo'-gke u-tha-zhu, you sow wheat,
treasured articles. wa-bo'-gke o°-gu-zhu i, we sow wheat.
wa'-bi-QC-dse, to press or hold to the wa'-btha-xi-a-tha, I bite down on
ground, as an animal to prevent its these trees to make them fall
escape. upon enemy)
(the An expression
.
a'-pi-50''-dse, I prevented the animal found in the Beaver ritual.

from escaping. wa-bthi'-ga-a-thi° he a tho (m.
a'-shpi-5o"-dse, you prevented the sp.), I am husking corn.
animal from escaping, wa-bthi-ga athi" he the (w. sp.), I
o^-ga-bi-go^-dsa i, we prevented the am husking corn.
animal from escaping. wa'-bthi", I have them.
wa'-bi-dse. {See hu-a'-bi-dse.) wa'-bthi-xa-mo" zhi sho"' a-thi"
wa-bi-dsu-dse-gka, hulled corn. he the, I am not yet married.
wa-bi°', blood; bleeding. wa-btho°'-so°-50°-e, a lariat. This
o"-wo"'-bi°, I am bleeding, was used for leading the horses of a
wa-thi'-bi", you are bleeding. bride when she was being taken bj'
LA FIESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 185
wa-btho°'-5o°-50°-e —
continued. wa-ga'-be ni-dse wa-Qpe, the hiber-
her relatives to the parents of the nating of the black bear.
bridegroom in a marriage cere- wa-ga'-be-pa-da, cub; bear cub.
mony. It was made of buffalo wa-5a'-be u-ga-ka thi°-ge, The-
hair. The eight-strand lariat is black - bear - that - has-no - blemish.
highly valued by the Osage. Few This animal was used in the rites
men or women knew how to make to represent fire and charcoal, war
one. A specimen is in the
fine symbols.
National Museum at Washington, Wa-ga'-be where bears are
u-tsi,
D. C. plentiful;Bear Creek. The trail
wa-btho° pi-zhi, a bad odor. had now traveled about 30 miles,
wa'-bthu-xe, I am married (w. sp.). it being the fourth camp in the
wa'-Qa-a-gka, satchel. third buffalo trail.
wa'-â-a-gka tse-ga wi° a-bthi", 1 Wa-Qa'-be -wa-k'o, Black-bear woman
have a new satchel. Female personal name.
wa'-5a-a-5ka zh.i°-ga, a little satchel. Wa-5a'-be wa-tho°, Black Bear Songs.
wa-5a-be, black bear. Before their In this group of songs (four in
country became thickly settled by number) reference is made to the
Europeans the Osage Indians hunt- soil of the earth given by the black
ed the black bear to use its flesh for bear to the people to be used as a
food, and its highly
skin was sign of vigil by them when ap-
valued as bedding.
u-mi'-zhe, pealing to the Divine power for
There were two ways of killing the aid in overcoming the enem^^
bear; one was by shooting the The first of this group refers to the
animal with the bow and arrow; touching of the earth; the second
the other was by spearing with a to the sanctity of the act by which
lance while the animal was in its a person taking the rite of vigil
cave sleeping. The hunting in the puts upon his face the soil as a
cave was done by the aid of torches supplication symbol; the third
of wood soaked in grease. The song relates to the Do-do°'-ho°-ga,
shi'-be, intestine, of the animal is who goes to a place of seclusion,
carefuly cleansed, dried, scraped, where he can perform the rite of
and bleached sun until it is
in the vigil undisturbed; and the fourth
perfectly is then cut
white. It song relates to the singer in his
into narrow strips to be used by vigil, how he recalls the former
3'oung women for tying the hair. success of the Do-do^'-ho^-gas,

The black bear figured prominently who had faithfully performed all
in the myths, traditions, and tribal the acts required by the Rite of
rites of the Osage. His entire Vigil.
body symbolized long life and old Wa-5a'-be wa-tho°, Black Bear
age; his claws were the symbols of Songs. This particular group of
courage and fire, the fire that songs are of the Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-
knows no mercy; his entire body ge version. Among the Osage the
was the symbol of the charcoal mystic songs were treasured, be-
which the w-arrior was required to cause all songs have been handed
put on his face when about to down from the ancient men and
attack the foe; his paws were the are held sacred as being utterances
symbols of the thirteen military of holy men. In song 3 of this
honors called o-do°', which every group mention is made of the
warrior must strive to win in order office of the Black Bear as being
to attain social prominence. custodian of the four symbolic
Wa-ga-be gka, the white bear. A flint knives.
subgens of the Wa-â'-be to° Wa-Qa'-be we-da-tha-bi, when the
gens; acts as Sho'-]>;a to both black bear gives birth to its
itself and the gens. young: month of December.

:
Wa-ga'-be-wi", Black - bear - woman. Wa'-gi-the-ge Wi-gi-e, Footstep

Female personal name. ritual. This the first section of
is
wa-5a'-be zhin-a, a small bear. the ritual following the song of ap-
Wa-5a'-e-wa-ko°-da-gi, Mysterious- proach to the house. The songs
bear. Personal name. and ritual alternate as they pro-
Wa-§a'-e-zhi°-ga, Little-bear. Per- ceed.
sonal name, wa'-gi-thu-ge, the act of taking foot-
wa-ga-ki-e, a friend to little ones. steps toward some place and for
wa'-5a-ki-the (archaic), probably some purpose, as the taking of
brother, used in the penalty ritual. footsteps toward "the House of
Wa-ge' ô" zo-dse ga-xa, Green Clay Mystery," the first movement in
Creek, branch of the Verdigris the ceremony of initiation into the
River, Okla. mjsteries of tribal rites.
Wa-5e-ô°-xo-e, the Verdigris River. wa-gka', intelligible; (2) clear to the
Green paint was secured here. understanding; lucid,
This was the second camp of the wa-gki'-the, sauce; fruit; sweet food.
second buffalo trail, wa-gki'-the-ga-be, blackberries.
wa-ge'-zhu-dse (Om. same), red clay; wa-gki'-the tha-tse, dessert; eating
red paint; rouge. sweets.
wa-si'-si-e, rubber. wa-gkiu'-e hi ste-e, tall blackberry;
wa-5i'-5i-e ho°-be — wa-î-gi-e, thing long vines {Rubus alleghaniensis).
elastic; ho°-be, moccasin, shoe: wa-gkiu'-the zhu-dse, cranberry.
rubbers. wa'-go"-dse, any woven article; tex-
wa-si'-gi-e ho"-be ste-tse wa-gi-gi-e, — tile.
thing elastic; ho°-be, moccasins; wa'-gpa-zhi, an unprincipled person;
ste-tse, long or tall: rubber boots. mischievous; ill-mannered; bois-
wa-gi'-gi-e â-be, a rubber ball, terous.
wa-gi'-gi-ge, brave; valorous; valiant; wa'-gpe, tranquil; quiet; well be-
active; (2) prowess. haved; good habits,
wa-si'-gi-tha, rubber; something that ga-ni wa'-gpe i, all is tranquil.
is elastic. wa-gtu'-dse, slow walking or moving.
wa-gi'-da, the ripening of the corn; wa-da', speaking; to solicit; to petition.
the harvest, wa-da'-btho° tha-gthi", a savory
wa-gi'-da u-zho"-ge, harvest path; smell of things cooking.
the milky way; the galaxy, wa-da'-gto-gta, pecan nuts.
wa-gi'-hi, clean in character; without wa-da'-gto-gta hi, pecan tree.
reproach; free from blame; tidy; wa-da'-gthe, a domesticated animal.
neat, wa-da'-gthe wa-no°-bthe, cattle
o^'-wo^-gi-hi, I am neat, feed; provender.
u'-thi-gi-hi, you are neat. wa-da'-gthe-zhe, a mark; a brand
wa-gi'-hi a-zhi, impure; unclean; placed on horses and cattle for
dirty; poverty stricken. identification,
wa-gi'-hi ga-xe, to cleanse; to purify, ka'-wa da'-gthe-zhe a-gi the ha,
wa-gi'-hi a-ki pa-xe, I cleanse, I branded the horse,
wa-gi'-hi tha-ki shka-xe, j'ou cleanse, ka'-wa the da'-gthe-zhe tha-gi the ha,
wa-gi'-hi o"-ki ga-xa i, we cleanse. you branded the horse,
wa-gi'-hi-ki-the, to disinfect; to ka'-wa the da'-gthe-zhe o°-gi-tha i,
cleanse one's self, we branded the horses.
wa-gi'-hi-lji-the a-ki-the, I cleansed —
wa-da' -ho" wa, things; da, by heat;
myself, ho", raised —things-raised-by-heat
wa-gi'-hi-ki-the that-lji-the, you light bread.
cleansed yourself, wa-da' -i^-ga, a lover of jests; a
wa-gi'-hi-ki-the o°-ki-tha i, we dis- joker; one who is fond of fun or a
infected ourselves. frolic.
wa-da'-shta-ha ga-xe, to iron wa-dsiu'-e ga-stsu-e, fried bread.

clothes; smoothing with an iron. This is made of dough shaped into
wa-da'-shta-ha pa-xe, I iron the round cakes, the top of which is
clothes, cut with three slits (as pie crust),
wa-da'-shta-ha shka-xe, you iron the then dropped into hot grease and
clothes, fried like doughnuts.
wa-da'-shta-ha o°-ga-xa i, we iron wa-dsiu'-e ga-zhi°, to thresh wheat
the clothes. and other small grain.
wa-da'-shto°, a beggar. wa-dsiu'-e i-ga-zhi°, sieve used for
wa-da'-thi^-ge, playful; skittish. screening grain.
wa-da'-u-zhi, gizzard. wa-dsiu'-e ko°-dse u-gtho°, pie of
wa-da' wa-tho°, supplication songs. any kind.
These songs refer to the continu- wa-dsiu'-e shto"-ga, corn meal.
ance of the supplicatory rites in wa-dsiu'-e %& u-gtho°, meat pie.
which the chosen one for the vigil wa-dsiu'-e the" he-be bthi-shpe,
mediates between his warriors and I broke off a piece of bread,
Wa-]jo°'-da. The song has but one wa-dsiu'-e tho" he-be stsi-shpe, you
stanza and is sung four times in broke off a piece of bread.
succession. wa-dsiu'-e-xo", corn husks.
wa-da'-xC-xo", something that wa-dsiu'-e-xu-xu-xe, a cracker.
flashes fire; firefly. Wa'-dsi-u-hi-zhl, Skirt-that-does-
zhi°-ga zhi^-ga a-ba wa-da'-xo°-xo° not-go-around. Female personal
u-xthe gi-tha-gthi bi a, children name.
like to catch fireflies. Wa-dsiu'-ni a-ki-o°-the u-mo°-ka —
wa-da'-zh.o°-xe, the strong smell of wa-dsiu-ni, disease; a'-lj;i-o°-the, to
burning rubber. throw upon; u-mo°-ka, easy — dis-
wa-da'-zhu-e, hominy. ease - easy - to - throw - upon an-
wa-do'-ka (trope), scalps of men. other) : contagious.
wa-do'-ka we-ku, invitation to the wa-dsi'-u-thi-xthi, dough pan.
No°'-ho°-zhi°-ga to the ceremonial wa-dsu'-dse, gravy; corn gruel.
distribution of scalps. wa-dsu'-dse u-thi-shi°, hominy and
wa-do°', the ruler; king (plaj'ing card). beans put into a bag and boiled.
wa-do^'-be, the act of seeing; applied wa-dsu'-e bi-ge, boiled corn, after
to a runner in search of bufl"alo. which the kernels are pounded
wa-do°'-be rao°-thi° o(!) go and see! between two stones. This is then
wa-do°'-be stse-e, a rude person who eaten with grease.
stares at strangers; a starer. wa-dsu'-e-Qko", pounded corn, rolled
wa-dse'-pa-i°, meaning lost; used as into cakes with grease inside to
an official title among the Osage give a meat flavor.
for a crier. wa-dsu'-e-i-thi-xthi, dough.
wa'-dsi-ni, a disease; a malady. wa-dsu'-e she-no" e-go° a-bthi", I
wa-dsiu'-e, flour. have sufficient bread.
wa-dsiu'-e bthe-ka, thin bread; pan- wa-dsu'-e-xo" u-thi-shi", corn
cake, dumplings rolled up in corn husks
wa-dsiu'-e bthe-ka Ijo^-btha, I want and boiled. Green corn is gener-
pancakes, ally used. Very similar to
wa-dsiu'-e bthe-ka shko°-shta, you tamales.
want pancakes. wa-dsu'-e xu-xu xe —
wa-dsu-e,
—
wa-dsiu'-e Qkiu-the wa-dsiu-e, corn bread; xu-xu-xe, that cracks or
—
cake; ^kiu-the, sweet sweet-corn- crumbles: crackers.
cake: cake. wa-dsu'-e zhe-gtho°, corn pounded
wa-dsiu'-e-da-pa, biscuit; round into fine meal, of which is made a
bread. paste that is baked into cakes.
67025—32- 13
wa-dsu'-â, living creatures; animals; wa-ga'-the a-ka, the donor; he who

a term used in rituals. gives or contributes.
wa-dsu'-ta hi-u-gthe do-ba wa- — wa-ga'-the-shto°, generous; munifi-
dsu-ta, living creatures; hi-u-gthe, cent; liberality; one who gives
long legs; do-ba, four: quadruped. freely.
wa-dsu'-â-i-hi-tho^-be, tells of the wa-ga'-^s'a-e-zhi, impudence; rude;
various places of the earth where forward; insolence; officious.
the deer will reveal themselves to wa-ga'-xa, outstrip; the winner of a
give help to reach old age. race or game.
—
wa-dsu'-ta sha-ge wa-dsu'-ta, ani- wa-ga'-xa, to excel,
mal; sha'-ge, claw: animal claw. a-wa'-xa, I excel,
wa-dsu'-â 8hi"-to zhi°-ga, young wa-tha'-xa, you excel.
buffalo bull. o°-wo"-ga-xa i, we excel.
wa-dsu'-â stse-dse, the tall animal; wa-ga-xa, excess; excellent.
the elk. wa-ga'-xa, outstep.
wa-dsu'-â zhi°-ga, the small animal; wa-ga'-xa bi o, he made us.
deer. This is also the name given wa-ga'-xe, to make; to cause to be.
to a subgens of the Ta-tha-xi° ha shki pa-gthe i-zho°-zho° wa-ga'-xe
gens; acts as Sho-lâ for both thi° a a-bi° da, he makes them to
itself and the gens. become restless, to lie here and
wa-dsu'-ta to°-ga, the great animal; there in distress. (From the Pen-
the buffalo bull. alty ritual.)
wa'-ga, buffalo meat, or the meat of wa-ga'-xe, a picture of; a symbol of.
any other animal prepared for A ritual term. This is also used
drying in the sun and wind or by in expressing the idea of making
the open fire. things.
wa-ga'-5a-thu, the act of giving a wa-ga'-xe a-ka, the inventor.
stroke with the symbolic gourd wa-ga'-xe pi-o°, skilled in sleight of
rattle when performing some of hand; legerdemain,
the ceremonies of the tribal rites. wa-ga'-xe pi-o° bi a, he is skilled in
wa-ga'-50°-Bhto°, one who is always sleight-of-hand.
scolding; a nagging person. wa-ga'-xthi, to strike,
wa'-ga-gu, an inspector; a judge. a'-xthi, I strike,
wa'-ga-5u, straight; ocrrect; honest. tha'-xthi, you strike.
wa-ga'-she, spoils of war; things taken o°-ga'-xthi we strike.
i,
from the enemy. wa-ga'-xthi, the name of a war honor

wa-ga'-shi-be, to defray; to disburse; bestowed upon a warrior who has
to recompense; to pay for services struck in battle an enemy, alive or
rendered; reparation; to indem- dead. The honor won must be
nify. beyond dispute and must have
wa-ga'-shi-be thi-tho-to°, to settle a been conferred ceremonially to
debt, permit him to count it in a tribal
rite.
wa-ga'-shi-be bthi-thoto" pi, I settled
wa-ga'-xthi o-do°, the striking war
a debt,
honor. When all the Xthe-ts'a-ge
wa-ga'-shi-be shni-tho-to" shi, you
(eightcommanders) had finished
settled a debt,
making their claims, then the
wa-ga'-shi-be o''-thi-tho-to° o^-ga hi
warriors or the servant class, who
i, we settled a debt.
had struck one of the enemy, come
wa-ga'-shu-be, the payment of a fine
forward, one after another, and
for misdemeanor; mulct,
make claim to wa-ga'-xthi. Each
a'-wa-ga-shu-be, I paid a fine, warrior as he makes his claim drops
wa-tha'-ga-shu-be, you paid a fine. a little red stick on the bird belong-
o°-wo°-ga-shu-be i, we paid a fine. ing to his division.
LA FLEsCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 189
wa-ga'-xto", the act of pouring water, wa'-gtha-ge, an unfavorable impres-

wa'-ga-zhi, command. (Om. same.) sion made by a person upon an-
wa-gi'-gtha-she, to recover; to regain other or upon a number
of persons
possession of; to recapture; to by his conduct; to
offensive
retrieve, come or go for a person that is a
a-gi'-gtha-she, I recovered (recap- relative,
tured) it. wa'-gtha-ge, taboo; a thing sacred
tha-gi'-gtha-she, you recovered (re- which must not be used for pro-
captured) it. fane purposes, and to which is
o°-gi'-gtha-sha i, we recovered (re- attached a penalty, particularly
captured) it. things consecrated for ceremonial
wa-gi'-ka, to invoke; to appeal to. purposes,
a-wa'-gi-ka, I appealed, wa-gtha'-wa, to recount,
wa-tha'-gi-ka, you appealed, a'-gtha-wa, I recount,
o^-wo^'-gi-ka i, we appealed, tha'-gtha-wa, you recount.
wa-gi'-shi-be, to remunerate; to re- o°-gtha'-wa i, we recount,
pay, wa-gthe, a symbolic plume made of a
a-gi'-shi-be, I repaid him. downy feather of an eagle,
tha-gi'-shi-be, you repaid him. wa-gthe' -ge wa,— things; gthe-ge,
o"-gi'-shi-ba i, we
repaid him. striped: book,
wa-gi'-thi-gtho°, to study out a plan wa-gthe' -ge, a letter, document, news-
for the benefit of another. paper; an epistle.
wa-e'-bthi-gtho°, I studied out a wa-gthe' -ge, a scrip; writing,
plan, wa-gthe'-ge, mail.
wa-the'-stsi^-gtho", you studied out wa-gthe- ge' a-ga-xe, a place on
a plan, which papers are written; a desk,
wa-gi'-zha, denial; to deny, —
wa-gthe'-ge ga-xe wa-gthe-ge, things
a-wa'-gi-zha, Ideny it. striped; ga-xe, maker: a clerk; a
wa-tha'-gi-zha, you deny it. secretary.
o°-wo°'-gi-zha i, we deny it. Wa-gthe'-ge ga-xe gi-wa-^C-ga —
wa-gi'-zha wa-tse-xi, irrefutable; not wa-gthe'-ge, writing; ga-xe, maker;
easily disproved. gi-wa-to°-ga, chief of: Secretary of
wa-gi'-zhu tse ga-ni bthi-ge i" do, I the Interior,
took the sweepstakes. wa-gthe'-ge i-ga-xe —
wa-gthe'-ge, a
wa-go"'-se (v.), to teach; to instruct; writing; i, with which to; ga-xe,
to preach. make: a pen.
wa-po°'-5e, I teach. wa-gthe'-ge i-ga-xe tha-gthi° xtsi
wa-shko°'-5e, you teach, a-bthi°, I have a good pen.

o^-wc'-go^-ga i, we teach, wa-gthe'-ge i-ga-xe tha-gthi" xtsi
wa-gc'-ge, an instructor; a preceptor; you have a good pen.

a-ni,
a teacher; a preacher. wa-gthe'-ge ga-xe, to write; to pro-
wa-gc'-ge wa-k'o —
wa-go^-ge, to in- bate,
struct; wa-^'o, woman: a woman wa-gthe'-ge pa-xe, I write,
instructor; a preceptress. wa-gthe'-ge shka-xe, you write,
wa-go"'-zhi°-ga, to be unskilled. wa-gthe'-ge o°-ga-xa i, we write.
wa-po°-zhi°-ga, I am unskilled, wa-gthe'-ge-^'i°, mail carrier; post-
wa-shko^'-zhi^-ga, you are unskilled. man,
o°-wa'-go°-zhi°-ga i, we are unskilled. wa-gthe'-ge k'i" a-ba u-tha-ge wa-
wa-gtha'-e, to distribute. gthe'-ge wi° a-thi a-tsi bi a,
we-a-gtha'-e, I distributed among the postman brought the paper,
them, wa-gthe'-ge pi-o", Uterate; educated;
we-tha-gtha'-e, you distributed learned,
among them. wa-gthe'-ge pi-mo", I am educated.
wa-gthe'-5e pi-o" —
continued. wa'-gthi" o-xta-gi-the — continued,
wa-gthe'-ye shpi-zho", you are edu- wa'-gthi" o-xta tha-gi-the, you are
cated, fond of him.
wa-gthe'-ge ©"-pi-o" i, we are edu- wa'-gthi" o"-xta-o"-gi-tha i, we are
cated, fond of him.
wa-gthe'-ge-ta-ta-si —wa-gthe-ye, wa'-gthi" u-ka-wa-tha bi a, he is
writing; ta-ta-gi, ticking: type- very sickly.

writer. (See mo°'-5e ta-ta-gi.) wa-gthi' u-zhe, flyblow.
wa-gthe'-Qe tha-dse, to read; to wa-gtho"', to revile; to heap reproach
read to some one. or scandal upon another,
wa-gthe'-ge btha-dse, I read, a'-gtho", I reviled him.
wa-gthe'-ge stsa-dse, you read. tha'-gtho", you reviled him.
wa-gthe'-§e ^si, a library; a house for o"-gtho"' i, we reviled him.
books, wa-gtho"'-ge, he has married them,
—
wa-gthe'-ge u-tsi wa-gthe'-ge, writ- wa-k'o tho"-ba wa-gtho" a-ka o, he
ings; u-tsi, house of: post office. has married two women,
Wa-gthe'-ge u-tsi gi-wa-to"-ga, wa-gtho "'-gtho", to curse.
Postmaster General, a-gtho"'-gtho", I curse.
wa-gthe'-ge wa-tha-gta, postage tha-gtho"'-gtho", you curse.
stamps, o°-wo"-gtho"-gtho" i, we curse.
wa-gthe'-ge wa-tha-gta ga-to" lj;o°- wa-gtho "'-shto", one who is in the
btha, I want five postage stamps, habit of persons names.
calling
—
wa-gthe'-ge zhi^-ga wa-gthe-ge, pa- Such a person is shunned.
per; zhi"-ga, Uttle: railroad ticket, wa-gtho"' -xe shto", witchery; witch-
wa-gthe'-ge zhi°-ga o"-wo"-xpa-the craft.
i° do, I lost my railroad ticket, wa-ghtu'-ge, harvest.
wa-gthe-ô" e-go", a plumelike shaft. wa-gthu'-shka, bug; any kind of bug;
wa-gthi', maggot. (Om. same.) a worm; an insect.
wa'-gthi, the act of bringing home. wa-ghtu'-shka ga-be, black bug; a
cricket.
wa'-gthi i-he-the, the bringing of the
firewood to the House of Mystery wa-gthu'-shka ha-sho-ga — wa-
to represent the enemy. A term gthu'-shka, a bug; ha-sho-ga, shell,
skin, or covering: a bug with a
used for the act of burning the
four pieces of wood which repre- shell or tough skin; a shard.
sent the warriors of enemy tribes.
wa-gthu'-shka hi"-shku-be wa- —
This ceremony is performed at the gthu-shka, a worm; hi°-shku-be,
rites of a war party of all the
thick hair —a worm with thick
hair: a caterpillar.
warriors of the tribe.
wa-gthu'-shka i-a bi, where a strange
wa'-gthi°, very much; greatly; a great
animal was seen at a tributary of
many; beyond description.
(2)
the Neosho on the west, near
wa'-gthi° gi-ba-;ô° bi a, he was in a
where the town of Parsons, Kans.,
rage,
now stands. According to the
wa'-gthi" gi-gu, e.xcessive joy; ec-
legend, a party of Osage warriors
stasy.
was crossing this creek on what
wa'-gthiî-gi, to detest; to despise; to
seemed to be a log. When all but
hate,
two had crossed, the monster
wa-gthi" i-tha'-gi, I detest,
turned its head downstream and
wa-gthi" i'-tha-gi, you detest, went awa}\ In an unpubhshed
wa-gthi" o"-tho°'-gi i, we detest, manuscript Father Shomaker re-
wa'-gthi" o-xta-gi-the, excessive fers to the creek as "Labeth."
fondness for a relative or friend, The Osage call the creek and the
wa'-gthi" o-xta a-gi-the, I am fond town of Parsons by the name Wa-
of him. gthu'-shka bi a.
flescheJ OSAGE DICTIONARY 191
Wa-ghtu'-shka i-a-bi tô^-wo", the wa-hi' i-ga-tse, bone smasher; an

name by which the Osage called implement used for crushing bones
Parsons, Kans. (See Wa-gthu'- to get out the marrow.
shka i-a-bi.) wa-hi'-ni-e (Om. same), aching bones;
wa-gthu'-shka i°-8hta ô°-ga^ — wa- lumbago; rheumatism.
gthu-shka, bug; i^-shta, eyes; to°- wa-hi^'-xa-shto", one who flatters.
ga, —
big big-eye-bug: praying wa-hi'-o", to remove; to depart; to
mantis. This insect is so named break camp.
on account of its attitude when a-wa'-hi-o°, I broke camp.
—
waiting for its prey that of being wa-tha'-hi-o°, you broke camp.
at prayer. oD-wo^'-hi-o" i, we broke camp.
wa-gthu'-shka u-^si, wormy; full of wa-hi' -o°, to pack up, as when pre-
worms. paring to break camp; to move
wa-gthu'-shka zhi-'-ga, little bugs. from place to place; to migrate.
Found in rituals. wa-hi'-o°-k'i°, to load; a load.
wa-ha', leather; any animal skin used wa-hiu', a bone.
for clothing, such as jackets, Wa-hiu' - 50 °-i °, White-bones-woman.
leggings, or moccasins; (2) hides Female personal name. Refers to
or pelts of the buffalo, elk, or deer. the story of bones left to whiten
wa-ha', scalp of a slain warrior of the on the ground.
enemy. wa-hiu' -ga-stse, fringes or tassels.
wa-ha'-ba u-she, the corn is plentiful. Wa'-hiu-ga-xthi, Strikes-the-bone.
wa-ha'-ba u-we, cornfield. Personal name.
wa-ha' -ge, the last born of a number wa-hiu' -k'e, a bone awl.
of young brothers spoken of as —
wa-hiu' -ka zha-ta wa-hiu-lja, an
^f[a-ge or Ka-ge wa-ha-ge. The awl; zha-ta, forked: a fork.
young brothers serve as messengers wa-hiu' -k'e-zha-â, a forked awl; a
for the Elder brothers. This is a table fork.
term used in rituals. Wa-hiu' -tha-zhu, Bone-gnawer. Per-
wa-ha'-gi-tha zhi, doubtless. sonal name. Refers to the habit
wa-ha' -gi- the, to be in suspense, of the dog.
wa-ha' -a-gi-the tho, I was in sus-
wa-hiu' wa-no^-p'i", a bone necklace.
pense,
—
wa-hiu' zhi°-ga wa-hiu, bone; zhi"-
wa-thi'-ha-gi-the, you were
pense,
in sus-
ga, little —little-bone: button.
wa-hi' -we-gthi, bone grease; the
wa-ha' -o°-gi-tha i, we were in sus-
grease extracted from crushed
pense.
buffalo bones.
wa he' -he, weak; feeble; soft.
wa'-hni, you have them.
wa-he'-he ga-xe, to weaken,
wa-he'-he pa-xe, I was made weak, wa-ho'-k'a, a young person; a juvenile,
wa-thi'-ho-lj'a, you are young.
wa-he'-he shka-xe, you were made
weak, wa-ho°', the cross threads in weaving;
wa-he'-he o°-ga-xa i, we were made the woof; a single thread or strand
weak. of worsted yarn. This is used by
wa-he'-c-k'!", to wrap up bags and }3oth the Omaha and the Osage for
bundles, preparatory to breaking making woven belts; the material

camp. used was the soft wool from the
wa-hi', bones. buffalo calf.
wa-hi'-ga-xtC, spilling bones; throw- wa-hc'-i^-ge, literally, no mother.
ing dice, The word was used among the
wa-hi' -a-xto", I threw dice, Indians when speaking of a child
wa-hi' -tha-xto", you threw dice, with neither father nor mother: an
wa-hi' -o°-ga-xto" i, we threw dice. orphan.
:

wa-hc'-i^-ge ^si —
wa-ho"'-i°-ge, no Wa'-i^-no^-zhi", Stands-over-them.
mother; tsi, house no-mother-— Personal name.
house: orphanage. Wa'-i" Xa-ge, Carrying (a pipe) and
wa-ho'-shi-ge, valorous; men of vio- Wailing. This is the first act in
lence. (From a ritual.) the initiatory ceremony of a
wa-ho'-stsa zhi°-ga, small; tiny; candidate after he receives the
minute. pipe from the A-ki-ho" Xo-â.
—
wa-ho'-to"-the wa, things; ho-to", It is a symbol of supplication to
to cry; the, to cause to — cause Wa-ko^'-da, and the wailing is an
things to cry out: a gun. appeal to the No°-ho"'-zhi°-ga to
wa-h.o'-t;o°-the a-ba-ha-gi, a rifle recite the Wi'-gi-e (ritual) in its
with a brass sight. entirety.

wa-ho'-^C-the da-pa wa-ho'-to°- — wa'-ka-pa, to meet them,
the, gun; da-pa, short: a pistol. wa-a'-î-pa, I met them,
wa-ho'-t;o»-the i-k'u-tse, a target for wa-tha'-î-pa, you met them.
testing the accuracy of a gun. wo°'-ga-ki-pa i, we met them.
wa-ho'-to°-the i-k'u-tse u-gko" a-u, wa-kch.i'-o°-se, instruction; to give
I hit the target in the center. instruction to a pupil; to teach.
wa-ho'-ô"-the i-mc-kshe, the a snail.
wa-k's'-k*!"",
other of the two guns. wa-ke'-the, cattail {Typha latifolia).
wa-ho'-to°-the i-thi-gi-hi, ramrod; This plant is used by the Osage for
gun cleaner. making rough mats for covering
wa-ho'-to°-the mo "'-ga-zhe-ga their wigwams.
e-go", a gun with a skunk-leg wa'-k'i, to give,
hammer; flintlock musket. On a'-wa-^'i, I give,
account of the similarity to the wa-tha'-^'i, you give.
hind leg of a skunk, the hammer wa'-ki-a, pettifogger.
of thegun is often called by this wa'-lî-e zhi^-ga ba we-a-gi, I dislike
name. a pettifogger.
wa-ho'-ô"-the ni-xo-dse, gunpow- wa'-ki-a-shke, fresh meat tied to each
der. end of a thong for convenience in
wa-ho'-^c-the pa, a pistol. carrying.
wa-ho'-to°-the pa wi° a-bthi" ha, Wa'-ki-a-shke, Tied-together. Per-
I have a pistol, sonal name. Refers to two pieces
wa-ho'-to^-the pa wi° a-sti° ha, you of meat tied for convenience of
have a pistol. the hunter for carrying.
wa-ho'-to°-the pa zhi°-ga, a revol- wa'-ki-e, a jurist; lawyer.
ver. wa'-ki-gtha-dse —wa, things; ki, pos-
wa-ho'-^c-the u-ba-xo", a breech- sessive sign; spoken:
gtha-dse,
loading gun. words spoken by a group of
wa-ho'-to°-the we-ku-dse pi-o°, one persons for their own use or bene-
skilled in the use of a rifle; a fit; law; (2) any rule of action
marksman, agreed upon by the male members
wa-ho'-to^-the we-lj;u-dse pi-mo °, I of a tribe; ordinance; statute,
am a good marksman. wa'-î-gtha-dse u-wa-pa, I obey the
wa-ho'-to"-the we-ku-dse shpi-zho°, law.
you are a good marksman. wa'-î-gtha-dse u-tha-pa, you obey
wa-hu'-da, amusing. the law.
wa-hu'-k'a, young. wa'-ki-gtha-dse u-pa, he obeys the
o°-wo"'-ho-lj:'a, I am young, law.
wa-thi'-hu-k'a, you are young. wa'-ki-gtha-dse a-thi-â — wa-î-
wa-hu'-sta, small; tiny. gtha-dse, a rule; a-thi-ta, goes
wa-hu'-stsa zhi"-ga, very small; contrary to —goes-contrary-to-rule
minute. to violate.
wa'-ki-gtha-dse ga-xe, to make laws; Wa-]ô°'-Qi, Small-animals. Female

legislate; legislation; law makers. personal name.
wa-ki'-gtha-e, issue of Government wa-k'o °'-5i, small game animals.
rations. Their skins are used for various
wa-ki'-gtha-e wa-ga-shi-be, a purposes.
money paj'ment to members of the wa-%:'o°'-si-ha, skins of small ani-
tribe by the Government. mals. Skins used for ceremonial
wa-ki'-gthi-gtho°, to meditate over purposes.
one's own needs and comforts wa-k'o°'-5i-ha op-she wa-tho", Song
and thinking up plans of action, of Walking on the Animal Skins.
wa-ki'-gthi-^s'a-ge, cripple. The procession does not actually
we'-ki-gthi-wi°, clothing; regaha; walk upon the skins, but passes by
dress; costume. the symbolic skins, which are hung
we'-]j:i-gthi-wi° a-gthi-shki, I washed up on racks. It is the sun that
my clothes. really touches each skin and gives
we'-ki-gthi-wi° tha-gthi-shki, you it life.
washed your clothes, wa-k'o°'-5i thu-ge pe-tho°-be ^se,

we'-^-gthi-wi" o^-gthi-shki i, we The Taking of Seven Animals.
washed our clothes. This is a ceremony in the smoking
wa-k'i°', carrying. ritual during initiation.
a'-wa-lj:'i°, I carry, Wa-k'o "-gi thu-ge sha-pe tse, Taking
wa-tha'-lf'i", you carry. of Six Animals. This is a part of
o°-wo°-k'i" i, we carry. the Smoking Ritual which is used
wa-k'i°' i-tse-the —wa-k'i°, a bur- during the initiation ceremony.
den; i-tse-the, to put down: to Wa-ko^'-da, God.
disburden. Wa-ko"'-da, is the name applied by
wa-lf'i°' tse i-tse a-the, I disburden. the Osage to the mysterious,
wa-]j^'i°' tse i-tse tha-the, you dis- invisible, creative power which
burden. brings into existence all living
wa-]^'i°' ge i-tse o°-tho'', we dis- things of whatever kind. They
burden. believe that this great power
wa-k'o', woman or women. resides in the air, the blue sky, the
wa-k'o' da-ge shto° wa-k'o, — woman; clouds, the stars, the sun, the
da-ge, to quarrel; shto°, frequently, moon, and the earth, and keeps
does not stop: a quarrelsome them in motion. Sometimes the
woman. Osage speak of a tree, a rock, or a
—
wa-k'o' e-go° wa-^'o', woman; e-go", prominent hill as Wa-lio^'-da, but
like — womanlike: womanly. when asked if his people had great
Wa-k'o'-ga-hi-ge, Woman-chief. Fe- numbers of Wa-lj:o°'-das he would
male personal name, reply, "Not so; there is but one
wa-k'o'-gi-'ts'e, a widower. God and His presence is in all
wa-k'o' i-thi-gtho° wa-lf'o, woman;— things and is everywhere. We say
i-thi-gtho°, thoughts on his mind: a tree is Wa-lj:o°'-da because in it
an expression used by the Osage also Wa-t:o°'-da resides." The
when a young man turns his Omaha, Ponca, and Kaw cognate
attentions to young women. tribes also use the name just as
wa-k'o ino°-ko° wa-lj'o, —
woman; here written and give it the same
mo°-ko°, medicine: love potion; meaning. In discussing the in-
philter. visibiUty of Wa-lj:o°'-da, Wa-tse-
wa-k'o °, war honors; to exult. mo°-i° gave the following story of
a-wa'-!t'o°, I exulted. Wa-da'-i°-ga, one of his ancestors:
wa-tha'-li:'o°, you exulted. When Wa-da'-i^-ga was a young man he
C-wa'-t'o" i, we exulted. Joined a war party that was marching against
; . —
Wa-ko°'-da — continued. —
wa-ô°'-da-gi continued.
a certain enemy tribe. The young man communicate with the dead; a
served as a scout in the expedition. The necromancer; occult; magic; (3)
Osage defeated the enemy and started home-
holy; sacred; anything held sacred.
ward with captives and spoils. During the
wa-ljo"'-da-gi gi-bo° the a-wa Iji-the
march Wa-da'-i°-ga turned aside to take the
rite of vigil. He fasted eight days, and on the ha, I sent for a physician.
morning of the ninth as he arose he was wa-ko°'-da-gi wa-k'o, a sorceress.
startled the sudden appearance of a man
by Wa-ô°'-da-hi-tho°-be, God-who-ap-
before him. The stranger said: " I speak as a
messenger; look toward the east!" Wa-da'-i"-
pears. Female personal name.
ga looked eastward and saw a man whom he Refers to the rising sun.
took be the sun and fell to the ground
to wa-ko°'-da ho°-ba do° wa-lj;o°'-da,—
unconscious. When he revived he discovered
God; ho°-ba don, during the day
that his body had become infested with
the god of day: the sun.
maggots. He believed that he had died and
returned to life, and arose to his feet and felt wa-kc'-da ho" do" wa-ljo°'-da, —
the return of his strength and vigor. Hasten- God; ho° do", during the night: the
ing to a brook, he stood amidst its rushing
moon.
waters, cleansed himself, and then hastened
homeward. For a long time Wa-da'-ln-ga
wa-ko°'-da-ho°-ba-wa-su, God of
could get no meaning out of his vision Then .
the cloudless days.
one day, as he sat with his family, he suddenly Wa-kc'-da-hc-nc-pa-se, Goddess
became silent and motionless. He became of darkness.
himself again; then he sent a messenger for
Wa-ko"-da-i-e, One-who-saw-God.
some of the leading men and told them that a
large war party was approaching the village. Personal name.
The men aroused their warriors to action;
they met the enemy, slew many of the
Wa-kc'-da i-gi-no°-2hi° Wa-ô°'- —
da, God; i-gi-no°-zhi°, encouraged
bravest, and completely routed the rest. The
people in their wonder at the strange manner
by the presence of: a belief in
in which Wa-da'-i^-ga gave warning fell to God that He will answer prayers;
calling him Wa-ko»'-da. faith in God; religion.
Years passed and when Wa-da'- wa-ko°'-da i-thi-gtho" Wa-lô°-da, —
i°-ga felt that old age was creeping God; the Supreme Being; i-thi-
upon him he called together his sons gtho°, in his thoughts: God in his
and daughters and their children thoughts; pious.
to have a feast which he prepared wa-ljo°'-da i-thi-gtho" i ha, he is very
for them, and to have a serious talk pious.
with them. When the feast was wa-ko°'da i-thi-gtho" a-zhi, an
over the old man began: agnostic.
I wish to speak to j'ou before I depart for wa-ko°'-da-m.o°-shi-ta, God of the
spiritland. Be content with the things it
upper region (the sky)
pleases Wa-kon'-da to put within your reach.
Do not take the rite of vigil and suffer and Wa-ko°'-da-no°-pa-i°, The-god-who-
thirst with the hope that you will see Wa- feared. Personal name. Refers
kon'-da. He is invisible. I tried; I have
to the constellation Canls Major.
failed; no living man has seen him. No living
man ever will. Wa-kc'-da can not be seen, wa-l}:o''-da ^si, God's house; a house
but we know that he is in all places in the sky of any kind in which the people
and all things that move therein. He is in gather to worship.
the earth, in its still waters, its springs, lakes
wa-lf0°'-da tsi tse u-wa'-pe, I en-
and dark forests and in its grasses.
rivers; in its
He everywhere. Our people call me
is
tered the house of God.
Wa-kc'-da, but it is wrong to apply that wa-ô°'-da tsi tse u-tha-pe, you en-
name to a man. A few times I gave to the tered the house of God.
people timely warnings of approaching
wa-lj;o°'-da tsi tse o°-gu'-pa i, we
danger, and without thinking they called me
Wa-ko»'-da, because there was mystery in the
entered the house of God.
manner of giving the alarms. wa-ko°'-da tsi tse dsi pi, I went into
wa-ko"'-da-gi, a person who has the tabernacle,
knowledge of medicine; a physician wa-ljcc'-da-u-dse-â, Goddess of the
a doctor; (2) one who pretends to lower region (earth).
wa-ko"'-da wa-gi-da, supplication; wa-]^'o' wa-thi-xa zhi, an unmarried

petition; an appeal to God; to woman; a spinster.
supplicate. —
wa-k'o wa-thi'-shki wa-^'o, woman;
wa-lfC'-da a-wa-gi-da, I petition. wa-thi-shki, washes clothes: a
wa-lfO"'-da wa-tha-gi-da, you peti- laundress,
tion. wa-thi'-shki wa-^'o tha-gthi" wi°
wa-i:o"'-da o^-wo^-gi-da i, we peti- i-tha-the he, I found a good laun-
tion. dress.
wa-ko°'-di-the, to be in great distress wa-k'o wa-thi-xe, a married woman.
in mind and body. wa-k'o' zhi°-ga, mother-in-law; a
o"-wa'-ko°-di-the, I am distressed. crone; an aged woman.
wa-thi'-ko°-di-the, you are distressed. wa-k'o' zhi^'-ga hi, a woman who has
wa-wa'-ko°-di-tha i, we are dis- reached old age.
tressed. wa-kshe', to mean anything.
wa-k'o"'-ho"-ga, the principal actor wa'-kshi°-dse, to miss hitting them.
in a ceremony. a-wa'-kshi°-dse, I missed hitting
wa-k'o' nika thi°-ge, a woman with- them,
out a man; a widow. wa-tha'-kshi'i-dse, you missed hitting
wa-k'o' ni-ka Xo", a married woman. them,
wa-k'o "' no", sacred acts performed. o^-wo^'-ga-kshi^-dsa i, we missed
A ritual expression. hitting them.
wa-k'o' no "-ho", a woman of ques- wa-k'u' thi°-ke tha-k'e-a-the, I
tionable chastity; a harlot; a have sympathy for her.
prostitute. wa-mo^'-dse, seeds of any kind.
wa-ko"'-tha, to pounce upon; to at- wa-nio"'-dse w©-thi-wi°, seedsman;
tack with force and quickness; a one who sells seeds.
riot; a raid. wa-mo°'-gthe the a-ka, an origina-
a-wa'-tô°-btha, I attack with force. tor; (2) the Creator; God.

wa-tha'-lfo°-shta, you attack with wa-rao°'-pshe-the, an ancestor; pro-
force. creator
o°-wo" ko''-tha i, we attack with wa-ino°'-thi", to deliver a message,

force.
wa-mo^-thi" bthe, I go to deliver a
wa-ljo"'-tha i-do" t'e-tha i ha, he
was kiUed in a riot. wa-mo"'-thi" stse, you go to deliver
a message,
wa-ko°' tha the- the, going forward
wa-mo^'-thi", to march (as soldiers).
to attack.
wa-mo°'-thi" bthe, I marched,
Wa-ko°'-tha-ô°-ga, Great-attacker.
wa-mo°'-thi" stse, you marched.
Personal name. Refers to the
wa-rao°'-thi", to travel; to go for-
attack of the eagle on its prey.
ward from one place to another
Wa-k'o"-tsi-e, One-who-triumphs.
on a mission, as a delegate; to go
Personal name.
on a journey,
wa-k'o'-o-ta-5a, a comely woman. wa-mo^'-thi" o"-5u a-tha, I Uke to
wa-k'o'-thi-gtho°, to make love to a travel,
woman. wa-mo^'-thi^-the, to proceed.
wa-^'o' thi^-ge, has no woman; a 5i bthu'-the ha wa-mo°-thi» te, I
widower. proceed.
wa-l^'o' tsi-zhe-be a-ki-da — wa^'o, 5i ni'-the ha wa-mo^-thi" te, you
woman; tsi-zhe-be, door; a-î-da, proceed,
servant —woman-d oor-servant: gi o°-thu'-tha i wa-mo-'-thi" te, we
portress. proceed,
wa-ô' u-â-sa-zhi, a slovenly wo- wa-mo^'-thi" tho-ô" the, direct; to
man; one who is careless as to travel in a straight course; in a

her appearance and dress. straight line.
196 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (BULL. 10»
wa-rao°'-tho°, to steal; to take that wa-nc'-bthe-tha-tc-ho", to digest

which belongs to another; to food; mastication,
pilfer. wa-no^'-bthe-btha-to^-ho", I digest
wa-mo°'-btho°, I steal. food.
wa-mo"'-shto'', you steal. wa-no°'-bthe-shta-to°-ho'', you digest
wa-mo"'-tho° a-wi-gtha, I accuse food.
you of stealing, wa-no"'-bthe-o°-tha-to°-ho° i, we
wa-mo^'-tho" o°-tha-gtha, you accuse digest food.
me of stealing. wa-no°'-bthe thi-u-shki-ga, one who
wa-mo°'-tho" tse pi-a-zhi, it is bad uses food in a wasteful manner,
to steal. wa-no°'-bthe ô°-ga, voracious; big
wa-rao'''-tho°-8hto°, one who is in eater; a glutton; ravenous.
the habit of stealing; a thief, wa-no°'-bthe to^-ga bthe, I am
wa-mo^'-tho^-shto" the u-bthi°-ge, ravenous,
I caught the thief, wa-no^'-bthe to°-ga ni, you are
wa-mc'-xe-the, deceipt; fraud; cheat; ravenous,
(2) to pretend. wa-no^'-bthe to°-ga o^-thi i, we are
wa-mo°'-xe-a-the, I pretend. ravenous.
wa-mo"'-xe-tha-the, you pretend. —
wa-no°'-bthe-tsi wa-no°'-bthe, eat-
wa-nio"'-xe-o°-tha i, we pretend, ing; tsi, house: hotel.
wa-mc'-xe-the shto", a crook; a wa-no°'-bthe u-zhi, a place for keep-
swindler; a dishonest person, ing food or provisions; a food bag;
wa-mu'-ske u-we, wheat field, a pantry; the abdomen.
wa-ni'-e, pains; the pains of a woman wa-no°'-5e, points of attack.
in giving birth to a child; painful. Wa-no°'-se A-ba-gu, the title of a
5i-thi' ni-e, you have a pain in your wi-gi-e in which the earth is
foot, symbolized as that upon which life
gi-wa-ni a i, we have pains in our is manifest. A spot (ho'-e-ga)
feet. made bare by plucking the grass
Wa-ni'-e-to°, Giver-of-life. Personal is also a symbol. In this wi'-gi-e
name. the earth is regarded as one of the
wa-ni'-e-u-thi"-ge, a midwife, abiding places of that All Con-
wa-ni'-e wa-gthi°, severe pain, trolhng power to whom the Do"-
wa'-ni-xe a(P) are you married? do"'-ho°-ga makes his constant
(m. sp.). appeal. The plucked grass re-
wa-no"', the senior; the elder of two presents the Uves of men, not
persons. The name of a gens only against whom he is leading
occupying the oflBce of the his warriors but also those of his
"oldest. " Term used in rituals. own people whom he is striving to
wa-no°'-btha-zhi, to fast. protect. (For reference see para-
a-wa'-no°-btha mo°-zhi, I fasted. phrase in back of book.)
wa-tha'-no° btha zhi, you fasted. wa-no°'-5e a-ba-gu, Ceremony of
wa-no°'-bthe, a meal: breakfast, Pointing out Certain Directions
dinner, or supper; (2) nourishment; of Attack. This refers to certain
food, acts of the Do-do "'-ho °-ga when
a-wa'-no^-bthe bthi-shto°, I have had he recites the last wi-gi-e of the
my dinner. particular ceremony. He acquires
wa-no°'-bthe dsu-ba a-bthi mi°-kshe the authority to perform this
o, I have a scant supply of food, ceremony in the following manner:
wa-nc'-bthe, to eat; to dine. A member of the No^'-ho^-zhi^-ga,
a-wa'-no°-bthe, I am eating. who hopes to be chosen as leader
wa-tha'-no"-bthe, you are eating. of a ceremonially organized war
o°-wo"'-no°-btha i, we are eating, party at some future time, strives
wa-no^'-bthe gi-o, come and eat. to qualify himself to perform the
wa-nc'-Qe a-ba-gu — continued. wa-nc'-pe (Om. same), to fear; to be

wa-no'''-5e a-ba-gu ceremony. He frightened,
performs a certain act which his wa-no^-a'-pe, I am frightened.
hunting enables him to do;
skill in wa-no°'-tha-pe, you are frightened.
he may kill a buffalo, a deer, a wa-no°'-pe ga-xe wa-no°'-pe, — to
turke}^, any other game or
or fear; ga-xe, to make: to terrify, to
animal that is full grown, fat, and scare; to intimidate,
free from disease or old wounds, wa-no°-pe pa-xe,
ni'-lja-shi-ga thi°-ke
and takes it to the No^'-ho"- him.
I terrified
zhi°-ga, by whom he wishes to wa-no°'-pe o°-shka-xe o, you terrified
be initiated in this particular me,
ritual. ni-â'-shi-ga thi^-ke wa-no^-pe o°-
Wa-no"'-Qe A-ba-Qu Wa-tho°, Per- ga-xa i, we terrified him.
taining to the Attack. These wa-no°'-pe o°-ga-xa bi o, he scared
songs with a wi'-gi-e point out me.
specially the direction of attack. wa-no°'-p'i°, necklace. These were
In the first two songs of this group made of shells, nuts of trees, elk
—
two birds the hawk and the crow teeth. Pendants were made of
—are referred to as possessing the mussel shells also. This is also
mystic powers; the third and the name applied to the symbolic
fourth songs refer to the close of neck ornament: gorget.
the ceremonial acts; the fifth wa-no°'-p'i°-hi, necklace tree {Sapin-
refers to the act of the warriors in dus drummondii). The seeds of
marching one by one over the this tree were used by the Osage to
bunches of grass; by doing this make necklaces.
they ask for supernatural aid; the wa'-no"-sdu-(ise. {See wa-no"-shki-
sixth is similar to the fifth, but the ge.)
act is not so individual, but repre- Wa-no°'-she-zhi°-ga, Little-soldier.
sentative of unity of thought, pur- Personal name.
pose, and action; song 7 refers to wa'-no°-shki-ge, the act of slipping off
the final appeal of the Ancient the symbolic pair of moccasins by
men for supernatural aid. These the Initiator in a certain part of
songs and the wi'-gi-e are of the the ritual at an initiation into the
Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge version. (For mysteries of the tribal rites.
paraphrase see back of book.) wa'-no°-shki-ge wi-gi-e, Ritual of
Wa-no°'-ge, Stampede. Personal treading upon Certain Objects.
name. Refers to the stampeding This refers to the treading on
of a buffalo herd. objects (persons) upon whom an
wa-no°'-ka-the; to maim; to injure. enemy tribe depends for its po-
no°'-ka a-the, I injured him. tential power.
no°'-ka tha-the, you injured him. wa-nc'-tha-zhi, confused in mind;
wa'-no°-k'o°, to hear them. bewildered. Used in rituals.
a'-wa-no°-]k:'o°, I hear them. wa-no°'-xe, the soul of man; the
wa-tha'-no°-^'o°, you hear them. spirit (used in rituals); a ghost.
wa'-no"-]j'o" mo°-thi° o, go and hear {See wa-thi-gtho°.)
them. wa-no°'-xe wa-tho°, Spirit songs.
Wa-no°'-pa-zhi, Not-afraid. Person- This song is sung after the eight
al name. songs relating to the untying of
wa-no°'-pa-zhi, not afraid of danger; the shrine. The object of this
fearless, song is to teach the initiate that he
wa-no^'-a-pa mo°-zhi, I am fearless. not only lives in the midst of the
wa-no°'-tha-pa zhi, you are fearless. earthly life but also in the realm
wa-no'''-o°-pa ba-zhi i, we are fear- of death; that in the spirit world
there is continuity of life also.
wa-o", causes them to become so. wa-pi'-the, to love,

This is an expression used fre- wa-pi-a'-the, I love,
quently in the ceremony of the wa-pi'-tha the, you love.
little Rain Song. wa-pi'-zhi, to hoard; to amass; to
wa'-o" xa-ge wa-tho", Songs of the accumulate,
act of Weeping. This song, simi- wa-pi'-a-zhi, I hoard,
lar to the one that is used at the wa-pi'-tha-zhi, you hoard.
ceremony of the smoking of the wa-pi'-o°-zhi i, we hoard.
sacred animal skins, has a group wa-po'-ga, the gray owl. The gray
of three, including a wi-gi-e owl is an Osage symbol of night.
(ritual), entitled A'-ho^-btha-bi, It is also a life symbol. It is a
which means the ritual of dreams. bird that succeeds in bringing its
In this ritual may be found the young safely to maturity.
fact that the man chosen, when in wa-po'-ga to"-ga, the great gray owl.
his vigil, required to fix his
is wa-po'-ga wa-tho°, Songs of the
thoughts only upon the sacred Gray Owl. This group of songs
objects symbolic of life which give a scene of a war party, one
results in peaceful days. member of which stands alone
wa-pa', archaic for head. In one of keeping his nightly vigil, and out
the recited parts of one of the of the silence and darkness of the
rituals the head of the puma is night he hears the mournful voice
referred to as wa-pa. It is in this of the great gray owl, or the splash
ritual that the magical gourd of a snake in the water; whichever
rattle is made to symbolize the of these he hears first he may take
head of a puma. as a response to his supplications.
wa-pa' dse, butchering. In these songs wa-po'-ga (gray
wa-pa'-hi, sharp weapons, like spears owl) is personified. In the first,
and arrows. the voice of the owl is heard; in
wa-pa'-hi gi-no°-sh.e, to take away the second, the gray owl and the
one's weapons; to disarm, horned owl (i'-to"); he speaks to
wa-pa'-hi a' -no" she o, I disarmed these two persons (birds); in the
him. third, evening is still present as
wa-pa'-hi tha-no"-she o, you dis- he talks to the wa-po'-ga, the
armed him. i'-to°, and the we'-ts'a (snake),
wa-pa'-ho"-gthe, same as pa-ho"' all three of which approach him in
gthe. the silence of the dark night.
wa-pa'-tha zhi, failure to understand. wa'-po" bi o, we are called, therefore
o°'-wo°-pa-tha mo^-zhi, I do not we are going.
understand it. wa-pshu'-shka, beads.
thi-u'-pa-tha zhi, you do not under- wa-sda', large intestine.
stand it. wa-sha'-be a-thi°, carrying the char-
wo'-pa-tha ba-zhi, we do not under- coal. This was the name of a very
stand it. important part in the formation
wa-pa'-tha zhi ha, it is not clear to of a war party. Each warrior was
the understanding. to carry a piece of charcoal in a
wa-pi'-da-ka, black acorns. buckskin pouch with which to
wa-pi-o°', skilled or possessing the blacken his face before attacking
ability to work along certain lines. the enemy; this war party showed
wa-pi'-mo°, I am skilled. no mercy for the enemy; as the
wa-shpi'-zho°, you are skilled, charcoal was a symbol of fire that
we.-pi'o", to adjust. destroys, so the warrior with
wa-pi'-a-o°, I adjust, blackened face went forth.
wa-pi'-tha-o", you adjust. wa-sha'-be a-thi" wa-zho-wa-gthe,
wa-pi'-o^-o" i, we adjust. the title of the two oflBcers chosen
—
Li. FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 199
wa-sha'-be a-thi'' wa-zho-wa- wa'-shi-shi ô", possessions,

—
gthe continued. wa-shko"', to struggle hard; to make
at the ceremonial organization of a an effort.
war party to accompany the a-wa'-shko°, I made an effort,
warriors of the two great tribal wa-tha' -shko°, you made an effort.
divisions throughout the great o°-wo°'-shko° i, we made an effort.
ceremony. The warriors were wa'-shko°, a kernel; a growth that
called Wa-sha'-be a-thi" because appears in the armpits, also the
they were to carrj' with them the groin.
dark symbolic charcoal b}^ which wa-shko"', strength; might; force;
each warrior who carries a small power.
pouch of it declares his determina- wa-shko°' gi-to°, to regain strength;
tion to show no mercy to the foe. to recuperate.
The warriors the two great
of wa-shko°'-a-gi-to°, I have regained
tribal divisions, with their oflBcers, strength,
occupy the two large wigwams set wa-shko^'-tha-gi-to", you have re-
up for them to use through the cere- gained strength,

mony, which lasts about four wa-shko^'-o^-gi-to" i, we have re-
days. The two men who accom- gained strength.

pany the two bodies of warriors wa - shko°' gtho° - the, powerful;
bear the wa-zho'-wa-gthe,
title strong; (2) possessing great
Accompanying the Warriors. strength.
wa-shi' (Om. same), a hireling; a wa-shko°'-thi°-ge, disability; weak,
person serving for hire with paj'^ having little or no strength; frail.
or the equivalent. wa-shko"-o°-thi°-ge, I have no
wa-shi' (Om. same), to employ one to strength,
run on an errand or to do some wa-shko"' thi-thi°-ge, you are weak.
work, wa-shko°' to^-ga? great strength
a-wa'-shi, I employed him. wa-shko°', strength; to°-ga, large
wa-tha' shi, you employed him. or great.
o°-wo°'-shi i, we employed him. wa-thi-shko° to°-ga, you have great
o°-wo°'-tha-shi, you have employed strength.
me to do work. wa-sho°'-ge, yellow corn that adheres
wa-shi, to employ; to ask for services, to the teeth when eating it.
wa-wi'-shi a-ti, I come to ask for This corn is roasted, then pounded
your services, into a fine meal.
wa-wi'-shi lj;o°-btha, I wish to secure
Wa-sho'-she, Brave. Personal name,
your services,
wa-sho'-she, dauntless; courageous;
wa-wi'-shi md°-zhi°, I do not ask for
brave; gallant.
you services.
o°-wo"'-sho-she, I am courageous,
wa-shi' -bi a-ka, employee.
wa-thi-sho'-she, you are courageous,
wa-shi °', meat with very little lean;
wa-wa-sho'-sha i, we are courageous,
fat meat.
wa-shpe'-e-zhi, a place where a
Wa-shi°'-shto°-ga, Soft-fat. Person-
treasured thing is kept for safety,
al name.
or a place held permanently. This
Wa-shi°-wi°, Fat-woman. Female
was a name applied to the sacred
personal name.
pipes, or to the allotment of lands
wa-shi' -shi-vo°, wealth. Among the
for homesteads.
Osage, as with other tribes, the
wealth consisted of the number of wa-shta', one of the entrails of a cow,
ox, or buffalo,
horses and mules one possessed.
This refers particularly to the wa-shta' -ge, gentle; peaceful.
belongings of the enemy which Wa-shta' -ge, the name of a tribal
pass as spoils to war parties. office.

200 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY fntJLL. 109
wa-shta'-ge ga-xe, to dilute medicine, wa'-tha-ha, clothing; garments.

wa-shta'-ge pa-xe, I diluted it. Wa-tha'-hni, Tonkawa Tribe,
wa-shta'-ge shka-xe, j'ou diluted it. wa-tha'-hni, a devourer; swallower.
wa-shta'-ge o°-ga-xa i, we diluted it. wa-tha'-ho-da, to scoff,
wa-8hto°'-ga, a sponge; anything soft. wa-btha'-ho-da, I scoffed,
wa-shto°'-ga gi ni mo°-tse i-the no" wa-shda'-ho-da, you scoffed.
bi o, the sponge is found in water. o"-wo"'-tha-ho-da i, we scoffed,
Wa-8tse'-e-do°, Good-doctor. Per- wa-tha'-ho-da, a joke; jest; pleas-
sonal name. antry; humorous and harmless
wa'-stse-ge, meat cut into
buffalo remarks.
narrow strips smoking and
for wa-tha'-ho-da-shto", a scoffer; one
drying. The meat treated in this who jeers at another,
manner is what is left over from wa'-tha-k'a-be (Om. same), a side
the parts sliced for jerking. hill; a slope.
Wa'-stse-ge, Strip-off -the-meat. Per- wa-tha'-k'e-tha-zhi, merciless; un-
sonal name. kind; uncharitable; pitiless, cruel;
wa-stse'-ho", to travel slowly; to go selfish; ruthless,
in a leisurely manner. wa-tha'-lf'e a-tha mo^-zhi, I have no
wa-stse'-ho° xtsi mo^-bthi", I trav- mercy.
eled slowly. wa-tha'-lj*e tha-tha-zhi, you have no
wa-stse'-ho° xtsi mo°-ni, you trav- mercy.
eled slowly. wa-the'-l5;'e o°-tha ba zhi i, we have
wa-stse'-the, the act of giving medical no mercy,
treatment to a patient. wa-tha'-k'e-the, sympathy; sympa-
wa-ta'-sto-sta hiu, the pecan (Hicoria thetic; easily moved to sympathy
pecan). The nut of this tree is and pity for those who suffer;
used for food by the Osage. tender-hearted; a man of kindly
wa-tha'-be gi-the, to slander; to spirit; compassion.
speak ill of a person. wa-tha' -pa-pa, to feast ravenously.
wa'-th.a-5ta, glue, gum, or any sticky (From a ritual.)
substance used for glue. wa-tha'-pi-zhi, to disparage; (2) to
wa'-tha-Qta-gtho", a postage stamp. speak evil of one.
wa'-tha-da-bi, a limit placed by the wa-btha'-pi-zhi, I spoke evil of him.
officers of the buffalo hunt or chase wa-shta'-pi-zhi, you spoke evil of
to the distance which the hunters him.
can go when chasing the animal. wa-tha'-pshe-zhc-zho", corn silk
Any hunter who goes beyond the or It was
tassel. the custom
line pointed out was punished among the Indians to remove the
severely. When the lands of the tassel from the corn, thus giving
Osage were surveyed and allotted more strength to the grain,
in severalty this term was applied wa-tha' -shi-ge, slander.
to a mile limit or to the bound- wa-btha'-shi-ge, I slander (him),
ary Hnes of the lands allotted. wa-hna' -shi-ge, you slander (him).
The order was to guard against wa-tha'-the, you shall vanquish them.
war parties who might be near. (Mythical.)
wa-tha'-do", to suck, as the nursing wa-tha'-to°, to imbibe; to take freely,
child. wa-btha'-to", I drank freely; I
wa-tha'-dse, to guess. imbibed.
wa'-tha-dse, conmamd. This is the wa-shda'-to°, you drank freely; you
name of a game played by young imbibed.
men, who are supposed to do o"-wo"'-tha-to° i, we imbibed; we
whatever they are commanded drank freely,
to do. wa-tha'-^c-shto", an inebriate; a
wa-tha'-ge, the Osage fur cap. drunkard.
LA FLESCHK) OSAGE DICTIONARY 201
wa-tha'-tse, the eating of certain wa-thi'-gtho", inteUect; sense; sound

kinds of food, judgment.
wa-tha'-wa —wa-, the act of; tha-wa, wa-thi'-gtho°, reverie; day dreaming;
to count: counting, meditate.
wa-btha'-wa, I am counting, wa-bthi'-gtho°, I meditate.
wa-shda'-wa, you are counting. wa-shni'-gtho°, you meditate.
o°-wo "'-tha-wa i, we are counting, o°-wo°-thi-gtho° i, we meditate.
wa-tha'-wa gthe-btho° wa-tha'-wa, — wa-thi'-gtho° si-Si> smart; quick-
cents; gthe-btho°, ten; ten cents: witted; alert in mind,
a dime. wa-thi'-gtho° o^-gi-gi, I am alert,
wa-tha'-wa-ô°-ga, a million; count- wa-thi'-gtho" thi-gi-gi, you are
ing big. alert.
wa-tha'-xta-ge, biter; a mad dog; wa-thi'-gtho° ki-tha-ha, to differ; to
hydrophobia, disagree.
wa'-tha-xthi, anger; evil disposition. wa-thi'-gtho° Iji-tha-ha o°-thi°, I
Often used in a ritual. differ (with you).
wa-tha'-zhu-a-zhi, scurrilous, oflFen- wa-thi'-gtho° ]ki-tha-ha shni i ha,
sive language; abuse, you differ.
wa-btha'-zhu mo°-zhi, I used abusive wa-thi'-gtho° ki-tha-ha o°-thi° 1, we
language, disagree,
wa-shda'-zhu a-zhi, you used abusive
wa-thi'-gtho" pi-o°, intellect; intel-
language.
lectual ability,
o"-wo"'-tha-zhu ba zhi i, we used ni-ka-shi-ga a-ka wa-thi-gtho" u-tsi
abusive language,
bi a, he has much intellect.
(From a
wa-the', cause them to
ritual.)
die.
—
wa-thi'-gtho° thi°-ge wa-thi'-gtho°,
mind; thi°-ge, none: no mind;
ts'e a-wa-the, I caused them to die.
insane; (2) thoughtless.
ts'e'-wa-tha-the, you caused them to
wa-thi'-gtho° wa-gthi" o''-thi°-ge, I
die.
am very thoughtless.
ts'e'-o°-wo°-tha i, we caused them to
wa-thi'-gtho° wa-gthi° thi-thi°-ge,
die.
you are very thoughtless.
wa-the'-the, The Sending Ceremony.
Wa-thi'-gtho"-thi°-ge, No-mind.
The sending of fees to the various
Personal name,
gentes.
wa-thi'-ba-ba, to shuffle cards,
wa-thi'-gtho" to°, having plenty of
sense; wits; very sensible.
wa-bthi'-ba-ba, I shuffle the cards,
wa-ni'-ba-ba, you shuffle the cards.
wa-thi'-gtho° a-to°, I am sensible.
wa-thi'-gtho° tha-ô" ha, you are
on-wo°'-thi-ba-ba i, we shuffled the
sensible.
cards,
wa-thi'-bthi-bthi-xe, cringe; to dodge wa-thi'-gtho° tha-to° i ha, we are
sensible.
as if afraid,
wa-thi'-tse-no° i-gi-ni i-ha, he lives
o''' thi'-bthi-bthi-xe, I cringe,
thi'-thi-bthi-bthi-xe, you cringe,
by his wits.
wa'-thi-bthi-bthi-xa i, we cringe, wa-thi'-gtho° wa-tfo-ge, quick-

wa-thi'-ge-shto", a thief. witted; an active mind.
wa-thi'-5ki, to assemble; to gather wa-lj;'u a-ka wa-thi-gtho" wa-to-ga
together men for council, bi a, the woman has a very active
wa-thi'-ga, to husk corn. mind.
wa-bthi'-ga, I am husking corn, wa-thi'-gth.o° wi"-ha zhi, a disagree-
wa-ni'-ga, you are husking corn, ment; difference of opinion; a
o^-wo^'-thi-ga, we are husking corn. controversy.

wa-thi'-ge-ge-be, roughened and wa-thi'-hi-dse, meddler; a mischief-
wrinkled with age; refers to an maker,
old man. wa-thi'-hi-dse a-ka, persecutor.
202 BUEEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull, loa
wa-thi'-ho-ho-da, a droll; one fond wa-thi'-to" — continued,

of practical jokes, wa-bthi'-to", I work,
wi-fo^-ga a-ka wa-thi-ho-ho-da gi- wa-ni'-ô", you work.
tha-gthi" bi a, my brother is o°-wo°'-thi-to° i, we work,
fond of joking. wa-thi'-ô" a'-ki-hi-de, diligence;
wa-thi'-ô-ge, the cramping of the industrious.
feet of the enemy in a fight. wa-thi'-to" ka-wa, work horse; a
Used in a ritual. team broken to work.
wa'-thi" (Om. same), to have or to wa-thi'-to° ka-wa-ga-zhi", a driver
keep. of a team of horses; a teamster.
wa'-bthi°, I keep, wa-thi'-tc-shto", industrious; hard-
wa'-ni, you keep, working.
wo^'-ga-thi" i, we keep, wa-lj;'u a-ka wa-thi-to' i-no°-hi bi a,
wa'-thi", to have. the woman is industrious.
wa'-bthi°, I have, wa-bthi'-to°-shto", I am industrious,
wa'-ni, you have. wa-ni-to^-shto", you are industrious,
o"-ga'-thi" i, we have. on-wo^'-thi-to^-shto" i, we are in-
wa-thi"'-e-ska (archaic), with a pur- dustrious.
pose. This word is frequently wa-thi'-tc-shto", meddlesome; a
found in the tribal rites in this meddler.
form: wa-thi^'-e-gka sho° a-zhi wa-thi'-to° u-gthi° kshi-the, to in-
a-ka a bi° da, they have done this stall a man into an ofiice.
thing, they say, but not without wa-thi'-to° wa-ga-zhi, a foreman.
a purpose. wa-thi'-wi°, one w^ho sells; a trader;
wa-thi°'-ga, absent, (2) one who purchases; a purchaser.
wa-thi^'-ga zhi, never absent; to be wa-bthi'-wi°, I am selling,
present. wa-ni'-wi", you are seUing.
wa-thi'-shki, to wash clothes, o°-wo"'-thi-wi° i, we are seUing.
wa-bthi'-shki, I wash clothes, wa-thi'-wi" u-mc-ka, things are
wa-ni'-shki, you wash clothes. cheap, easy to buy.
o°-wo'>'-thi-shki i, we wash clothes.
wa'-thi-xa-zhi, a woman not yet
wa-thi'-shki ^si, a washhouse; laun-
married; (2) a maiden,
dry,
wa-thi'-xe, to chase; to join in the
wa-thi-shkc' ^c-ga, you have great
chase of the buffalo,
strength.
wa-thi'-xe u-bthi §o° ha, I joined in
wa-thi'-shpi, corn shelling.
the chase,
wa-thi'-shto°, complete; to finish.
wa-thi'-xe u-stsi go" ha, you joined
wa-thi-to''-te bthi-shto° ha, I finished
in the chase,
my work.
wa-thi'-xe o^-gu thi 50° ha i, we
wa-thi-to°-te ni-shto" ha, you finished
joined in the chase.
the work,
tsi ga'-.xe bthi-shto", I have finished wa'-thi-xe-tho°-ska, a young woman
the house, (marriageable age).
tsi ga'-xe stsi-shto", you have finished wa-thi'-xo-e, to lead or to drag,
the house. wa-thi'-xo-e pshi i" do, I lead,
wa'-thi-t;a, to violate a rule of conduct wa-thi'-xo-e shi i° do, you lead,
or a taboo, wa-thi'-xo-e o°-ga hi bi o, we lead,
wa'-bthi-ta, I violated a taboo, wa-thi'-xthi-ge, secondhand goods;

wa'-hni-ta, you violated a taboo, (2) faded; worn,
wo^'-ga-thi-ta i, we violated a taboo. wa-thi'-zha, he expressed doubt as to

wa-thi'-ô°, (1) to farm; to work in your statement.
the field; (2) a household servant; wa-tho'-da-î-the, relative; relation;
a domestic; (3) any kind of work kinship.
or labor. wa-tho'-da-the, to make peace.
: —
wa-tho"', to sing; a song, wa-thu'-5e a-thi'^ — continued.

wa-btho"', I sing, wa-thu'-ge o^-ga-thi" i ha, we are
wa-shto"', you sing. indebted.
o''-wo°'-tho" i, we sing, wa-thu'-se ga-shi-be, to refund; to
wa-tho"', a title given to a candidate repay borrowed money; to pay
for a degree in the tribal rites. one's debts,
wa-tho°' a-ka, the singer. This is wa-thu'-ge ga-shi-be pshi, I have
the name or title given the candi- been to pay my debts,
date when the songs of the rite wa-thu'-ge ga-shi-be shi ha, you
are taken up. Although he may have been to pay your debts,
know none of the songs and can wa-thu'-ge ga-shi-be o°-ga hi i, we
not sing, he is given this title, have been to pay our debts.
because in speaking of his initiation wa-thu'-se ga-shi-ba zhi sho°-tse
after he has taken any of the wa-thu-ge, debt; ga-shi-ba-zhi,
degrees, he would mention the standing; sho°-tse, as it is debt- —
name of the degree he had taken standing-as-it-is: outstanding.
by saying "I sang." wa-thu'-5e gi-ba-hi, a collector.
wa-thc'-dse-shi, to hanker after a wa-thu'-ge gi-da, to dun; to make
thing; a desire; a longing, repeated demands,
wa-tho^'-dse-o^-shi, I hanker after it. wa-thu'-ge a-gi-da, I made repeated
wa-tho^'-dse-u-thi-shi, you hanker demands,
after it. wa-thu'-ge tha-gi-da, you made re-
wa-tho°'-dse-shi gc-ge wa-tho°- — peated demands.
dse-shi, a longing; go^-ge, make be- wa-thu'-5e k'i, credit; to give credit,
lieve— a-longing-to-make-believe wa-thu'-ge a-lj:'i, I gave credit,
a pretext. wa-thu'-ge tha-lj:'i, you gave credit,
wa-tho°'-d8e u-thi-5o°-ha, to excite; wa-thu'-ge o°-wo° ^'i i he, we gave
excitement: His heart is fluttering credit.
with excitement. wa-thu'-ge u-xtha-zhi, to default in
wa-tho"'-dsu-zhi, wasteful. paying a note.
wa-tho"'-dsu-zhi bthi°, I am wasteful, wa-thu'-ge u-xtha-zhi a-ka, a de-
wa-tho^'-dsu-zhi shni i ha, you are faulter.
wasteful. wa-thu'-ge-wa-k'i a-ka, creditor.
Wa-tho°'-kshe-u-gthi°, Ruler of wa-thu'-ge wa-tho", Songs of Seizing
feasts, the Wa-do°'-be. These songs fol-
wa-tho" zhi°-ga, a Uttle song. low the reciting of a wi-gi-e, ritual;
wa-tho'--to°, upright; a truthful man; there are six of them. The first
one who can be depended upon. refers to the singer who conducts
wa-tho'-to° bthi° da, I can be de- to his seat the Wa-do°'-be, the
pended upon. valiant man; the second refers to
wa-tho'-to» stsi-da, you can be the man as one whose valorous
depended upon. deeds are worthy of emulation;
wa-tho'-to° o°-thi i, we can be the third song refers to the two
depended upon, scenes in connection with the
wa-thu'-ge, to seize, ceremony of leading the vaUant
—
wa-thu'-se wa, this syllable as used man to the seat prepared for him;
here denotes action; thu-ge, to the fourth song belongs to the
take: debt. To default, or failure final act of the great war ceremony
to catch up with one's debts. called Wa-sha'-be A-thi°, there
wa-thu'-5e a-thi", indebted. being sixteen stanzas; the fifth
wa-thu'-ge a-bthi" ha, I am indebted, song is a call to the Wa-do"'-be
wa-thu'-ge a-stsi ha, you are in- to begin to count his o-do°' (war
debted. honors); the sixth and last song
67025—32 14
204 BUREAU OP AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 109
wa-thu'-5e wa-tho° —
continued. wa-thu'-xa, to rake the ground and
has only one stanza, but is re- free it from weeds,
peated four times and refers to the wa-bthu'-xa, I am raking the dead
carrying home of suppUes by the leaves and weeds,
wife and her assistants. wa-ni'-xa, you are raking the dead
wa-thu'-ge wi-gi-e, The Seizing Rit- leaves and weeds.
ual. The title of this ritual Qi-wo^'-thu-xa i, we are raking the
recited in some of the degrees of dead leaves and weeds.
tribal rites, where the candidate Wa'-thu-xa-ge, Clutches-them-till-
being initiated goes to the warrior they-cry. Personal name. Refers
chosen for the office of Wa-do°'-be, to the attack of the eagle on its
seizes him by the edge of his robe prey.
or blanket, and conducts him to wa'-thu-xe, to take a husband; to
his ceremonial place. During the marry.
reciting of the ritual and the sing- wa'-thu-xpe, the meaning of this
ing of the songs of this particular word is vague, but it is one of the
part, the Wa-do°'-be recounts the least of the war honors awarded
war honors (thirteen of them) he to the winner. (One of the
had wonin battle, and which had o-do"'.)
been conferred ceremonially. wa-thu'-zha, to scrub,
Wa'-thu-da-ge, Crashing-around. wa-bthu'-zha he, I scrub,
Personal name. Refers to the wa-stsu'-zha he, you scrub,
thunder. o^-wo^'-thu-zha i, we scrub.
wa-thu'-ga, to husk corn, wa-to'-ge, swift runner; quick; active;
wa-bthi'-ga, I husk corn, (2) alert.
wa-stsi'-ga, you husk corn, o°-wo°'-to-ge, I am alert,
o^-wc'-thu-ga i, we husk corn. wa-thi'-to-ge, you are alert.
wa-thu'-k'e, ears of corn fastened Wa-ô'-ge, Active. Personal name.
together with their inner husks wa-to'-gtho° (Om. same), to haul.
braided for convenience of hanging wa-to° tse to-a-gtho", I haul the
up to dry. goods.
wa'-thu-sho", to break necks. wa-to° tse to-tha-gtho°, you haul the
wa'-thu-to° a-zhi, inaccurate; defec- goods,
tive; imperfect. wa-ô"', ware; goods; anything sold or
Wa-thu'-ts'a-ga-zhi, father of Wa- exchanged at a store or trading
xthi-zhi. place,
Wa-thu'-^s'a-ga-zhi, N e v e r-f a i 1 s. wa-ô"' a-gi-pa ha, I displayed my
Personal name. Refers to one goods,
who never failed in his war exploits. wa-to"', pumpkin, squash, or any of
wa-thu'-ts'a-ge, to fail in some un- the vegetables of that family.
dertaking, venture, or enterprise; —
wa-to°-a'-thi° wa-to°, goods; a-thi",
to fail to wrongdoer;
arrest a keeper of: dry-goods merchant.
failure to prevent a guilty person wa-ô°'-be !» da, I have seen. (From
from escaping, a ritual.)
wa-bthu'-ts'a-ge, I failed in the wa-to"'-btha-xa-xa, scalloped squash
undertaking, {Cucurbita pepo var. Condensa
wa-stsu'-ts'a-ge, you failed in the bailey); an old-time squash.
undertaking. wa-to"'-5i-ga-5ki, corn pounded into
o"-wo°'-thu-ts'a-ga i, we failed in the a fine meal, rolled into balls with
undertaking. honey or sirup, made especially for
wa'-thu-tse, a violation of taboo or children.
law. wa-to"'-5i-hiu, cornstalks.
LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONAEY 205
wa-to"'-5i hc-bthi^-ge u-thu-ki- wa-to°'-pa Btse-dse, long nosed -
ho", corn and beans cooked squash.

together: succotash. —
wa-to°'-t;a-ni wa-to°, squash; ta-ni,
wa-to°'-5i ho°-bthi°-ge u-thu-î-ho° meat water: squash soup.
and beans
o°-tha-gthe, I like corn —
wa-ifo°'-the pi-o° wa-to°-the, tan-
cooked together. ning, pi-o°, skillful: to be skillful
wa-to°'-si-thi-xtho°-zhe, chop feed. in the process of tanning, or dress-
wa-to"'-ska, a white squash with a ing of skins.
white rind. wa-ha-to°-a'-the mi-kshe o, I am
wa-tC'-QO", braided squash. This tanning the skin,
was a manner of preparing squash wa-ha to°-tha'-the ni kshe o, you
for winter use; it was first peeled, are tanning the skin.
then cut into strips; these were wa-tc' tho° qi, the pumpkin is
dried and loosely braided into yellow.
squares or oblong pieces. They wa-to°'-u-5i, pumpkin seed.
were then packed away in par- wa-to°' u-no^-zhi" —
wa-to°, dry
fleche cases. goods; u-no°-zhi°, stands in the
wa-to"'-QU, squash or pumpkin seed. midst of: clerk in a dry-goods
wa-to°'-ga, a master; a high-rank store.
official; one of high rank; a great wa-to°' u-zhi, a dry-goods store; a
person; principal. place to store goods; a warehouse.
—
wa-'tc'-ga ts'e-the wa-to°-ga, the wa-to°-xtsi, real squash.
great one; ts'e-the, to kill: regicide; wa-to°'-xo-dse, gray squash.
the killing of a chief. wa-to°'-xu-e, parched corn pounded
wa-to°' gthe-zhe, spotted squash or and boiled with grease; among
pumpkin. the older Osage Indians it is
wa-to°'-hi, pumpkin vine or squash known as wa-ba'-ho°.
vine. wa-tse', victorious returning with a
wa-to°'-i°, manifest; clear to the large war party. (This is one of
understanding and to the sense the o'-do° or military honors.)
of sight; obvious; perceptible, wa'-tse, to choke; to strangle,
{"-wa-to^'-i", I manifest. o^-a'-tse, I choked,
thi-wa-to°-i°, you manifest, thi-a'-tse, you choked.
we-wa-to^-i" i, we manifest. wa-bu-5ka he-be o°-tho° ga-tse ha,
wa-to°'-i" a-zhi, not clear to the I choked on a piece of bread,
sense of sight or understanding; wa-tse', skirt; dress.
obscure. (See xe'-ga.) wa-tse', a triumph; victory; the
Wa-to°-i°-ki-tha, Come-to-view. Per- touching of a living or fallen foe
sonal name. Refers to the moon. to win one of the prescribed war
wa-to'>'-i°-xtsi, openly; in plain sight; honors.
verj- plain. Wa'-tse-a-xe, Cries-for-a-star. Per-
wa-to°' ko°-ha kshe —wa-to", goods; sonal name.
ko^-ha, edge; kshe, the: the edge wa-tse'-bo°, a cry of triumph, given
of goods; the selvage. as a victorious war party ap-
wa-to°' ko°-dse u-gtho°, pumpkin proaches the village as it returns.
pie. wa-tse'-5e u-thi°-ge, pregnancy.
—
wa-to°' no-ta wa-to°, squash; no°- wa-ts'e da-thi°-ge ga-xe wa-ts'e, —
ta, ears: squash ears. In cutting dead; da-thi°-ge, burnt up; ga-xe,
the squash into strips for braiding make: cremation,
(wa-to°'-5o"), some small pieces, wa'-tse do-ga, the male star; the
ear shaped, are left over; these morning star.
are strung together and dried for wa-tse'-ga, goods (new) to seU.
winter use. wa-ts'e'-ga, docile; gentle; easily
wa-tc'-paku-sha, crookneck squash. managed.
;
206 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (bUI-L. 1(19
wa-ts'e'-ga, tender, as meat, grains of wa-tsi'-a-dse wa-tho° —

continued,
corn; (2) not difficult; easy. dance, and those who have brought
Wa'-tse-ga-hi-ge, Star-chief. Per- their loom poles strike the ground
sonal name. with the blunt end; the third
Wa'-tse-ga-wa, Radiant-star. Per- refers to the war organization of
sonal name. the tribe being extolled; the fourth
Wa-tse'-gi-dc'-a-bi, One-whose-tro- refers to the ceremony of cutting
phies-are-seen. Personal name. the scalp into strips; the fifth
Wa'-^se gi-tsi, the name of an im- refers to the distribution of the
portant wi-gi-e as given by Wa-tse- sacred war trophy; in this song
moî", paraphrase of which may be the symbolic man is brought for-
found in back of book. ward; the sixth song refers to the
wa-tse'-gthi, a victorious return of a acts by which the spirit symbol,
war leader to his home; a war honor the scalp, is prepared for distribu-
ceremoniously conferred upon a tion; the seventh refers to the acts
warrior. of the two men officiating who are
wa-^s'e gthi-xthu —wa-ts'e, dead; required to cut the skin with the
gthi-xthu, act of digging up: Mystic Knife into four straight
exhumation. strips; the eight, ninth, and tenth
wa'-tse mi-ga, the female star; the are the concluding acts of the
evening star. warriors and their success achieved
Wa-tse'-ino°-i°, He-who-wins-war- through the symbolic man.
honors. Personal name. wa-tsi-shka, a brook. Obsolete
wa-ts'e'-the, the act of killing in battle among the Osage, but still used by
or in a quarrel at home, the Omaha.
wa-ts'e-a'-the, I killed him. wa-t?u'-ge, to be active; alert.
wa-ts'e-tha-the, you killed him. o°-wo°'-tu-ge, I am active,
Wa'-tse-to°-ga, Big-star. Personal wa-thi'-tu-ge, you are active.
name. Wa'-u-wi-si, Jumper. Personal name.
Wa'tse-tsi, Star-that-came-to-earth. Refers to the leaps of the buflFalo
The name of a gens. when charging a hunter.
Wa'-tse-tsi Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the wa-wa'-shi a-ka, employer.
Wa-tse-tsi gens. tha-gthi" i-ha o^-wa'-shi a-ka, I have
Wa'-tse-wi", Star-woman. Female a good employer.
personal name. tha-gthi° i-ha wa-thi'-shi a-ka, you
wa-tse' wi-ta tho° dsa-pa, my skirt have a good employer,
is short. tha-gthi" i-ha wa-wa'-shi i a-ka, we
wa-tse' -xi, difficult to destroy; to be have a good employer.
tenacious of life (term used in some wa'-wa-tho", a term applied to the
of the rituals of the tribal rites) rite, incorrectly called Calumet
(2) stingy; ungenerous; not liberal, dance or Pipe dance by the Osage.
wa-tse' -xi wa-gthi° bi a, he is very Its object is peace.
stingy, wa-we-a'-ga-5ko°-the, I have made
wa-^se'-xi, penurious. to be symbols. (From a ritual.)
wa-tse'-xi e-tha, a task most difl5cult wa-we'-ba-ho°, a deponent; a witness;
to perform. (From a song.) (2) to give testimony.
wa-tsi', dance. wa-we'-pa-ho°, I was a witness,
wa-tsi'-a-dse wa-tho°, Songs of wa-we'-shpa-ho", you were a witness.
Triumph. There are ten songs in wa-we'-ba-ho° o°-gtha-ge tse ho°-
this group, of the Tsi'-zhu Wa- zhi pa-xe, I gave poor testimony.
shta-ge version. The first refers wa-we'-si, enmity. {See i'-gi.)
to the part that woman takes in wa-we'-gi, hatred.
the sacerdotal office as weaver of wa-we'-ga-5ko°-the, a symbol; to
the shrine; the second, the women symboHze; (2) to imitate.
wa-we'-gi-e, impugn; attack by in- wa-we'-the — continued.

sinuations. wa-we' -tha- the ha, you made a
wa-we'-gi no°-zhi° a-zhi, independ- discovery.
ent. wa-we-o°'-tha i, we made a dis-
wa-we'-gi-shi-ge, nostalgia; home- covery,
sickness of the worst kind, wa-we'-the, the act of seeing.
wa-gthi" wa-we-a-gi-shi-ge ha, I suf- wa-we' a-the, I see something,
fered from nostalgia, wa-we'-thu-e, to rummage; to dis-
wa-we'-gi-zhu-shi, expostulate; to arrange articles,
remonstrate; to interdict, wa-we' -bthu-e, I rummaged,
we-a'-gi-zhu-shi, I remonstrate, wa-we'-stsu-e, you rummaged.
we'-tha-gi-zhu-shi, you remonstrate. wa-we'-wo°-xe, to ask questions,
we-o°'-gi-zhu-shi i, we remonstrate. wa-we' -btho°-xe, ask questions, or
I
wa-we'-gtha-no°, crime (any act wa-we'-a-mo°-xe, ask questions.

I
punishable by law constitutes a wa-we'-shto°-xe, you ask questions,

crime); tort; wrong; violation of wa-we' -o°-mo°-xa i, we ask questions.
law; bad conduct. wa-we'-wo°-xe a-ka, one who asks
wa-we'-gtha-no° a-gtha, indict; in- questions; an inquirer,
dictment; criminate. wa-we' -o"-wo°-xe a-ka, the one who
wa-we'-gtha-no° thi^-kshe, a cul- asked me a question,
prit. wa-we' -thi-wo"-xe a-ka, the one who
wa-we' ki-gtha gko^-the, to set one's asked you the question.
self up as an example for others; —
wa-we' -wo °-xe shto" wa-we-wo"-xe,
to make comparisons, to inquire; shto", habitually: curi-
wa-we' -k'u-tse, experiment; the gain- ous; inquisitive.
ing of knowledge through experi- wa-wiu'-do°-be, a referee; an umpire
ment, in a game.
wa-we-a'-k'u-tse, I experimented, wa-wiu'-do°-be to° wi°-]ja zhi, the
wa-we' -tha-k'u-tse, you experi- umpire is wrong.
mented. wa' xa, to outrun in a race,
wa-we-o°'-k'u-tsa i, we experimented, a'-xa ha, I outran him.
wa-we' -k'u-tse, to gesticulate; ges- tha'-xa ha, you outran him.
ture. o°-ga'-xa i, we outran him.
wa-we'-ino''-xe, a question; to make wa-xa'-ga, any plant that has prickly
inquiry. spines, Hke the sand bur, cactus,
wa-we-o°'-mo°-xa i, he asked me a cocklebur, prickly-ash.
question, wa-xa'-ga-hiu-stsu-tse, blackberry
wa-we' -thi-mo°-xa i, he asked you a bush. That species of a bush that
question. grows tall,
—
wa-we'-no°-xe Xo" wa-we, writing; wa-xa'-ga-û-hu, a green briar.
no°-xe, with which to attack; to°, Wa-xa'-ga-u-gthi°, Dwellers-in-the-
failure to meet an obhgation: a Thorny Thicket. This was the
bond or mortgage; debenture; name by which a group became
guaranty; Insurance, known who fled from the over-
wa-we'-shtse, ignominy; shame, flowing banks and were caught in a
wa-we' --â, owner; title. thicket of thorny trees and bushes.
tsi the wi-wi-ta, I am owner of this They live in Pawhuska, Okla.
house, Wa-xa'-ga u-thi°, a village located
tsi the thi-thi-ta, you are owner of near Pa-gi zhi°-ga thc-ba (Two
this house. Hills) on the Wa-ge-to° xo-e
wa-we'-the, to see; to make a dis- (Verdigris River). This was the
covery; to find something, starting point of the first buffalo
wa-we-a'-the ha, I made a discovery. trail.
wa-xa'-ga-zhi^-ga, sand burs. wa-xo'-be u-ko°-dsi wa' thu-xpe,

wa-xa'-ga zhu-dse, one of the variety Winning the Wa' -thu-xpe war
of red haw. honor while with the Wa-xo'-be
wa-xa'-pa-hi, a thorn. u-to'i-dsi. (One of the o-do"'.)
Wa-xa'-xa-do", Shaggy-hair. Personal wa-xo'-be u-ko^-dsi wa-tse'-gthi,
name. Winning the Wa-tse-gthi honor
wa-xe', to bury the dead. while with the Wa-xo'-be u-l}:o"-
wa-xe', a funeral; the grave; a tomb. dsi. (One of the six o-do°'.)
wax-ka'-da-zhi, wonderful; superb; Wa-xo'-be-zhi°-ga, Little-shrine. Per-
magnificent; splendid; grand. sonal name. Refers to the small
wa-xo'-be, a whistle used as a sacred portable shrine.
symbol after victory; a fine repre- Wa-xo°'-xo°, The-shining-one. Per-
sentation of this is on display in sonal name. Refers to the shining
the United States National Mu- of the wings of the eagle.
seum, Washington, D. C, No. wa-xpa'-thi°, to suffer from exhaus-
276133. tion or hardship,
wa-xo'-be, a talisman, or something o^-wc'-xpa-thi", I suffer from ex-
worn about the person to ward off haustion.
evil; (2) anything consecrated for wa-thi'-xpa-thi°, you suffer from
ceremonial use. A portable sym- exhaustion,
bol, like the hawk, that represents wa-wa-xpa-thi" i, we sufifer from
or symbolizes the courage of a exhaustion.
warrior. wa-xpa'-th.i°, in need; poverty-strick-
wa-xo'-be ga-xe, to consecrate some en; poor in spirit; in great grief;
object to religious use; to make in sorrow; a mourner.
sacred, o°-wo°'-xpa-thi", I am in need,
wa-xo'-be pa-xe, I made sacred, wa-thi'-xpa-thi", you are in need.
wa-xo'-be shka-xe, you consecrated wa-wa'-xpa-thi° i, we are in need.
it. wa-xpa'-thi°-ki-the — wa-xpa'-thi°,
wa-xo'-be o^-ga-xa i, we consecrated poor; ]j;i-the, make
himself to be:
it. poor; humble; meek; modest; (2)
wa-xo'-be ga-xi wa-tho", Songs of indigent; destitute; needy.
Awakening the Wa-xo'-be. This wa'-xpe-gthe, vows. These were
is the first of eight songs to the taken by a candidate for initiation
Wa-xo'-be, who is an imaginary which he can not withdraw or
man (symbolic), known as the evade without bringing wrath
Sacred Hawk. and punishment upon himself by
wa-xo'-be thu-shke wa-tho", Songs supernatural means. It was gener-
of Untying the Shrine. There are ally believed that a penalty was
four of these songs. The first is suspended in the ready to drop
air,
sung three times and tells of the upon a candidate the moment he
laying down of the shrine in the violated his obligation.
proper position. Each of the fol- Wa'-xpe-gthe A-do°-be, this is the
lowing three songs describes the name given by the Ni-lja Wa-ljo"-
ceremonial acts connected with the da-gi gens to the Penalty ritual;
shrine. it relates to the symbols of the
wa-xo'-be u-kc-dsi pa' wa-thu-Qe, seven different gentes.
taking the head of an enemy while wa'-xpe-gthe a-do°-be wi-gi-e, ritual
with the war party Wa-xo'-be of the Guardian of the Penalties.
U-lj:o°-dsi. (Oneof thesix o-do°'.) This ritual is used by all the gentes,
wa-xo'-be u-ko°-d8i wa-ga' xthi, and in it is a full description of
Winning the Wa-ga-xthi honor the penalties to be inflicted;
while with the Wa-xo'-be u-]jo°- reference is made to the four ani-
dsi. (One of the six o-do°'.) mals whose spirits are the ever-
.
.A FLESCHEJ OSAGE DICTIONARY 209
wa'-xpe-gthe a-dc-be wi-gi-e con. — wa-xthi', to fear,

watchful guardians and within o^-wo^'-xthi, I fear,
each of whom
reposed the super-
is wa-thi'-xthi, you fear.
natural power as well as the duty Wa-xthi'-zhi, Generous. Personal
of inflicting the penalties. name. Refers to the man who
wa-xtha', a war standard. A modified always shared his spoils, taken in
form of wa-xthe'-xthe. his war exploits, with the people,
wa-xthe'-j^'c-gi, the coflFee bean or wa-xthi'-zhi, generous; liberal; munif-
coffee nut from the Kentucky icent.
coflFee tree (Gymnocladus dioica) wa-xthu'-zhu-ha, a coarse, heavy
Wa-xthe'-tho°-ba, Two-standards. sacking used for wrapping game:
Female personal name. gunny.
wa-xthe'-xthe, a war standard. The wa'-xto°, a centipede. A much dread-
standards were made for a regular- ed and feared insect among the
ly organized war party composed Indians as well as the whites.
of all the warriors of the tribe. wa-xwi"', a stench; a stink; a bad
The oflBce of making these stand- odor,
ards belonged to the Bow maker wa-zha', to disbelieve; to discredit; to
gens of the Wa-zha'-zhe subdivi- doubt the statement; to express
sion of the Ho"'-ga tribal division. doubt,
The standard was made of a a-wa'-zha, I discredit it.
slender pole shaped with a crook wa-tha'-zha, you discredit it.
at the top; a long strip of swan o°-wo°'-zha i, we discredit it.

skin, from which all the coarse wa-wi'-zha, I expressed doubt as to
feathers were taken, leaving only your statement.
the down on the skin, was then wa-zha'-shto", a person who likes to
wound around the pole so as to engage in controversies; a polemi-
cover every part of it; pendants cal.
made bunches of eagle feathers
of wa-zha'-wa, to have a pleasant time
were fastened to the swanskin at a feast or at a dance; revelry.
covering. When a fight took place o"'-u-zha-wa, I had a pleasant time
the warriors the
standards
left at the dance,
with the slain foe. These standard thi'-u-zha-wa, you had a pleasant
are the ceremonial property of time at the dance,
both the E-no" Mi^-dse to" (Bow) wa-zha'-wa a-thi° bi kshe, the
and the Wa-ga'-be (Black Bear) standards carried to excite enthu-
gentes, for the reason that these
two hold the property right to the Wa-zha'-zhe, the name of the subdi-
materials to be used in the con- vision which refers to the water
struction of the standards. portion of the earth. It is also
wa-xthe'-xthe-stse-dse, a tall stand- a personal name belonging to the
ard made by the Osage, also by Wa-tse-tsi or Po°-ka Wa-shta-ge
the Kaw and the Omaha. gens. In the mythical story of
wa-xthe'-xthe-ts'-i° sha, the stand- this gens the people came from
ard made with a crook by the the stars to the earth. In their
Osage and Omaha. wanderings they came suddenly
Wa-xthe'-xthe Wa-ko^-da-gi, Mys- upon a man who stood in the
terious War standards. midst of the waters that rushed
Wa-xthe'-xthc-wi", Standard-wo- noisily over the rocks. The man
man. Female personal name. leading the way turned around
wa-xthi', stingy; uncharitable; unwill- and said to his followers: "Here
ing to give; selfish; undue value stands Wa-zha' -zhe, a person who
placed upon certain property, has made the waters of the earth
wa-xthi' wa-gthi" hi a, he is very his body." The person spoke to
stingy. the people, saying: "If you make
210 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull, lug
Wa-zha'-zhe — continued. wa-zhi'-be we-gthl, marrow drawn

of me }'Our bodies your little from the leg bone of a bufifalo.
ones shall become diflScult to be wa-zhi"', own will; volition.
overtaken by death; they shall wa-zhi"' wi-ta pa-xe, I did it of my
enable themselves to live to see own free will.
old age. They shall also come wa-zhi°' thi-ta shka-xe, you did it of
to the days that are beautiful." your own free will.
The meaning of the name is wa-zhi"' a-shka (Om. same), mind
obscure. Even some of the older easily disturbed; quick to take
Osage fail to give satisfactory offense; quarrelsome.
interpretation of the name. wa-zhi^'-a to°-a, the chicken hawk.
Wa-zha'-zhe, name
the Osageof wa-zhi°'-ga, any bird or fowl.
Tribe, corrupted by the French wa-zhi°'-ga ga-be, blackbird.
to Osage. Wa-zhi°'-ga-sa-be, Black-bird. Per-
Wa-zha'-zhe gka, White Wa-zha'-zhe. sonal name.
This refers to the Gentile life wa-zhi"'-ga gi-gthe, tracks made by
symbol; the mussel with its shell. birds' feet.
Wa-zha'-zhe Nc-ni-c-ba, The Sa- Wa'-zhi"-ga-hi°, Feathers-of-a-bird.
cred Pipe of the Wa-zha-zhe. At Personal name.
the end of the Wa-no^-ge A-ba-gu wa-zhi°'-ga hi" shto"-ga wa- —
the Do-do°'-ho°-ga takes from the zhi"-ga, bird; hi", feathers;
tobacco pouch a sharpened stick shto°-ga, soft: the soft downy
and proceeds to dig out the burnt feathers of a bird.
tobacco adhering to the sides of wa-zhi"'-ga hiu bi a, many birds.
the bowl of the pipe. As he does wa-zhi°'-ga ho-i-shta, birds of any
this he holds the pipe out at kind.
arm's length so that the particles wa-zhi°'-ga ho-'to'', the cries of birds.
of tobacco may drop on the wa-zhi°'-ga ho-to° gi-e xtsi o" bi a,
bunches of symboUc grass at the birds make noise with their
his repeating these words:
feet, singing.
"I give you the sacred tobacco wa-zhi°'-ga i-gi-wa-the, hateful bird.
of the Wa-zha-zhe, that is pleasing This refers to the smallest of the
and satisfying to the sense of hawks known to the Osage, a
smell, to compensate you for the very aggressive bird. It symbol-
life that you are to give up to izes thecourage of the warrior.
me." These bunches of grass, wa-zhi°'-ga o, The Killing of a Bird.
the blades of which represent the This was a title given to the boy
lires of the animals and men to who killed a bird for the first
be slain by the war party, are time.
what is referred to in the ritual. wa-zhi°'-ga pa, the pileated wood-
Wa-zha'-zhe Wa-no°, the Elder Wa- pecker; the head of this bird with
zha-zhe. The name of a gens. the maxilla (jawbone) are attached
wa-zha'-zhe wa-to°, Osage crooked- to the sacred pipes of the Osage,
necked squash. This a favorite
is Omaha, and Pawnee Tribes.
food among this tribe; the squash wa-zhi°'-ga pa-da, bird's egg.
is cut, boiled, and served with wa-zhi°'-ga pa to^-ga, the large-
marrow grease. headed bird; the pileated wood-
wa-zhi'-be, the leg bone of an animal. pecker; it is a symbol of the tribal
wa-zhi'-be ga-gtho", a lasting odor ceremonies.
that clings to the leg after walking wa-zhi"-ga pa-zhu-dse, red-headed
through certain weeds. bird. The name given to the
wa-zhi'-be u-ô"-ga, the thigh bone; red-headed ivory-billed pileated
the femur. woodpecker. The skin of the
LA FLErCHEl OSAGE DICTIONARY 211
wa-zhin-ga pa-zhu-dse — continued. wa-zhi"' to^-ga, doughty.

head of this bird was used to wa-zhi°'-to°-ga, great courage; very
decorate caps and the ceremonial brave.
pipes. They symbolize the sun wa-zhi°'-to°-ga ki-the, to cause
that touches the earth as it passes himself to have or keep a stout
with its life-giving power. heart or great spirit.
wa-zhi°-ga sha-ge, bird claws: talons, wa-zhi°'-tu, a parakeet.
as of the eagle. wa-zhi"' u-tsi wa-zhi", — will; u-tsi,
wa-zhi°'-ga shki wa-hi-o" no" bi o, full of — full of great courage:
birds migrate. courageous.
wa-zhi°' gi-tha, by use of symbols Wa-zhi°-u-tsi, Courageous. Personal
you shall have courage. (From a name.
ritual.) Wa'-zh.i°'-wa-xa, Greatest-in-courage.
Wa-zhi°-ga-tha-gthi°, Good-bird. Personal name.
Personal name. wa-zhi"' wi-ta pa-xe wa-zhi°, mind,—
wa-zhi"'-to°-ga, a big bird, or a large will, idea; wi-ta, mine; pa-xe, I
chicken hawk. made: I did it of my own free
wa-zhi^'-'^C-ga Iji-the, to cause will, or it was my idea.
himself to have or keep a stout wa-zhi°'-xo-e zhi°-ga —wa-zhi°, bird;
heart or great spirit. xo-e, gray; zhi°-ga, — little little
wa-zhi°'-ga tsi-he, bird's nest, gray bird: snowbird.
wa-zhi"' ga u-zhi-hi, the reddish bird. Wa-zhi°'-zhi-e, Red - (bird) - eagle.
wa-zhi°'-ga-xu-d8e, little gray bird Personal name.
that builds its nest near the wa-zhi°'-zhu-e —wa-zhi°, bird; zhu-e,
ground, red: the scarlet tanager.
wa-zhi^'-ga zhu-dse, a red bird. wa-zho'-i-ga-the, a term which means
Wa-zhi°'-i-5i-wa-the, Hated-bird. the object of which they (the
Personal name. Refers to the people) made their bodies; life
fear of the eagle bj^ other birds. symbols.
wa-zhi°' i-ta, of one's own free will
and accord.
wa-zho-i-ga-the wi-gi-e —wa-zho-i-
ga, to make bodies; the. the;
Wa-zhi"'-ni-]ja, Bird-man. Personal wi-gi-e, prayer for: prayer for
name. the making of bodies.
Wa-zhi°'-pa, Bird-head. Personal
wa'-zho°-gi-the, to meet some people
name. Refers to the head of the
unexpectedly,
eagle.
met them un-
—
wa-zhi°' pi-zhi ga-xe wa-zhi", will;
wa'-a-zhc-gi-the,
expectedly.
I
pi-zhi, bad; ga-xe, to make: to

wa'-tha-zho°-gi-the, you met them
enrage a person.
unexpectedly.
wa-zhi°' pi-zhi pa-xe, I made him
angry. wo°'-ga-zho°-gi-tha i, we met them
wa-zhi°' pi-zhi shka-xe, jou made unexpectedly.
him angry. Wa-zho'-wa-gthe, two oflBcers. Cho-
wa-zhi"' pi-zhi o°-ga-xa i, we made sen from the ranks. The first
him angry, thing to be done before a great
bthi'-wa-zhi" pi-zhi, I angered him. war ceremony was to appoint two
ni'-wa-zhi° pi-zhi, you angered him. men, who were called wa-zho'-wa-
o^-thi'-wa-zhi" pi-zhi i, we angered gthe; one of these officers was
him. chosen from the Tsi'-zhu division
wa-zhi°' pi-zhi wa-gthi", he is very and the other from the Ho°'-ga.
angry. This gave each of the two im-
wa-zhi^'-stse-dse, fortitude; patient portant gens a leader.
and constant courage. Wa-zho'-xtha, name given to the Oto
wa-zhi°'-to, a parrot. Tribe.
—
wa'-zhu, a mantel; a shelf; a slab we'-5a-be wa-kchi-xe we'-ga-be, to—

placed over a fireplace on which be cautious; wa-kchi-xe, they make
to rest articles, for the people: for punishing
wa-zhu'-â i-tho°-be wa-zhu-ta»
i — violators of the law.
animals; i, by which; i-tho°-be, we'sa-to", the fifth,
appear: appearance of animals. we'-sda-the, paint, house paint; (2)
we, to plow. varnish; oil.
a-wa'-e, I am plowing, tsi wi° gda-a-the, I paint the house,

wa-tha-e, you are plowing. tsi' wi" gda-tha-the, you paint the
Qo-wo^-a i, we are plowing. house.
we'-a-ba-su, the index or first finger; we'-5da-the, ointment for the hair
a pointer. which is made from the fat of the
we-a'-gthi° thc-ba — we, with; buffalo.
a-gthi°, in excess of (ten); tho^-ba, we'-da-ho°, baking powder; baking
two: the twelfth. soda.
we-a'-gthi° wi" xtsi —we, with; a- we'-da-tha-zhi, without a child;
gthi", in excess of (ten); wi^-xtsi, barren; childless.
one: the eleventh, we'da-tha-zhi, barren, applied to a
we-a'-tha-sta, a sticky substance; cow that bears no young,
glue; mucilage, we'-da-the (Om. same), childbirth;
we-a'-the i° da, I have found them; the act of giving birth to a child,
them.
I see we'-da-a-the, I gave birth to a child,
we'-a-xtha-dse, a war club. we'-da-tha-the, you gave birth to a

—
we'-ba-ge we, with which to; ba-5e, child,
to cut by a pushing motion: a we'-da-the-shto", said of a tree with-
handsaw. out fruit; fruitless.
we'-ba-sno", a stick used for a spit we'-da-zhi u-zhi, to transplant,
for roasting; a sharp stick. xtha-be tse wc'-da-zhi u-wa-zhi ha,
we'-ba-gu-dse, a stick used for picking I transplanted the tree,
marrow out of a bone. xtha-be tse we'-da-zhi u-tha-zhi, you
we'-ba-hno°, large wooden skewers transplanted the tree,
used in roasting buffalo meat, xtha-be tse we'-da-zhi o°-gu-zhi i, we
—
we'-ba-lf'u we, with which to; ba- transplanted the tree.
k'u, dig by a pushing motion: a we'-do-ba, the fourth.
we'-do-bi-o° we, — with; do-bi-o°,
we'-ba-mo° —we, with; ba-mo°, to —
fourth: with-fourth fourth time,
file. This is the Osage word for —
we'-dc-be we, with; do°-be, to see:
steel file, a field glass; a spyglass; a telescope,
we'-ba-tse, a handsaw. we'-do^-be wi° ljo°-btha, I want a
we'-ba-xtse, a thong or vine used in spyglass.
tying a bundle; twine; cord. we'-dc-be, sight on a gun.
we'-be-bthi° hi, twining vines, we-e, a plow,
we'-bi-shda-ha, polisher; sandpaper. we-e ga-gta a-wa'-shi a ti ha, I
a-gthi° tho° shta-ha pa-xe he we-bi- come to get my plow sharpened.
shda-ha i-pi-ka, I made the chair —
we'-ga-gta we, with which to; ga-
smooth with sandpaper. gta, pound: a hammer,
—
we'-bi-to°-th.a we, for; bi-to"-tha, —
we'-ga-dsu-xe we, with which to;
rolling: a rolling pin. ga, by striking; dsu-xe, brush
we'-bi-to'-tha o^-thi-'-ge go" wa-bu- with-which-to-brush by striking: a
5ka da-pa pa-xe bthi-tsa gi he, I broom,
have no rolling pin, I can not we'-ga-dsu-xe ke a-gi-pa thi°-ge he,
make biscuits. the broom is worn,
we'-biu-ka, soap. we'-ga-dsu-xe zhi°-ga, small broom.
we'-biu-ka du-ba o°-thi-wi° a he, we'-ga-lfo°, same as we'ga-dsu-xe zhi°-
buy me some soap. ga.
LA FLESCH£j OSAGE DICTIONARY 213
we'-ga-]^'u, skin scraper —we, with we'-gthi, grease; oil; kerosene,

which to; ga-lj'u, scrape. The —
we'-gthi-sa-gi we-gthi, grease; 5a-
blade of the Osage skin scraper was gi, hard: tallow.
made of flint in former times, and we'-gthi rao^-ko" — we'-gthi, oil; mo°-
in modern times of iron. The ko°, medicine: castor oil.
handle was made of elk horn. we'-ha-ge, the last one in line; refers
we'ga-pshe, same as pa-hiu-i-gtha-tha. to ceremonial order,
we'-ga-thu-ga, use as a weapon to we'-ha-gi-the, the last one, or the end
strike with. of a line,
we'-ga-xe, ceremonial forms. These we'-hi-dse, off; far away; distant,
consist of the Approach to the we'-hi-dse pshi, I went far away,
House and the Opening of the we'-hi-dse shi, you went far away.
Portable Shrine; in this is kept the we'-hno°, grateful; thankful; gratitude.
Sacred Hawk, the most holy of we'-a-hno°, I am grateful.
any of the sacred treasures of the we'-tha-hno°, you are grateful.
tribe; these are used throughout we'-ho° zhi, a disagreeable person,
the performance. we'-i-shi-be —
we, with which; i,
—
we'-ga-xe tho°-tse we, with; ga-xe, modification of thi, action with
make; tho°-tse, possible: things the hand; shi-be, unfasten or
that may be useful or practical. open: a key.
we'-ga-xto" ni, a liquid measure; four we'-k'e, to dig with; a mattock.
quarts; a gallon. we'-ki-e-do-ba, the eighth.
we'-ga-xto° wa-ho-stsa, a peck meas- we'-ki-gthi° wi" ge btha-btha-ge
ure. bi a, he was in tatters.
we'-ga-zhi", whip; quirt. we'-ki-gthi-wi°, ktsi'-xe, to adorn
we'-ga-zhi°, screen; a coarse sieve with clothing: to deck,
used in winnowing small grain. we'-ki-gthi-wi" u-gi'-pa-ho°, to
we'-ga-zhi" i-ba, whip handle. dress,
we'-ge-xtha-dse, a kind of war club. we'-î-gthi-wi" u-wa'-gi-pa-ho°, I
we'-go^-tha, a sign by which one dress.

makes known his wants. Used as we'-î-gthi-wi° u-tha'-gi-shpa-ho",
a symbol in their supplication. you dress.
(From a ritual.) we'-ki-gthi-wi° o^-gu-gi-pa-ho" i, we
we-gtha'-e, to distribute. dress.
we-a'-gtha-e, I distributed among we'-ki i-he-the, to use as a means by
them, which to make the enemy fall. (A
we' - tha - gtha - e, you distributed ritual term.)
among them. we'-lj;i-i-he-o°-the, let us use it to
we-o°'-gtha-a i, we distributed among make our enemies fall.
them. we'-ki-k'o", tools; machinery; imple-

we'-gthe-btho" — we, with; gthe- ments. Any article that may be
btho°, ten: the tenth. used for practical purposes, as an
we'-gthe-btho° sa-to°, we, to make ax, a hoe, or an awl; any plant,
with; gthe-btho", ten; ga-to", five: stone, or feathers that may be
the fiftieth, used in the manufacture of cere-
we'-gthe-btho" pe-tho°-ba —we, to monial articles, as clubs, knives,
make with; gthe-btho", ten; pe- standards.
tho°-ba, seven: the seventieth. we'-]^-k'o'' ga-xe, to invent; inven-
we'-gthe-5e i-ga-xe, pen. tion.
we'-gthe-ge-the, a pen or pencil, we'-lp-^'o° pa-xe, I invented some-
we'-gthe-ge-the thi-ta zhu-dse, your thing,
pencil is red. we'-lji-k'o" shka-xe, you have an
we'-gthe-ge-the wi-ta ga-be, my pen- invention.
cil is black. we'-lf:i-t'o" o°-ga-xa i, we invented it.
we'-ki-k'o" tha-gthi", useful; service- we'-tha-the i" da, you have found
able; something good. them,
we'-ki-shno" (Oui. same), to be we'-tha-wa, counters. Among the
grateful for a gift or a favor shown, Osage, sticks, grains of corn, or
we-a'-lji-shno", I am grateful, seeds were used for counting.
we-tha'-lji-shuo", you are grateful, we'-tha-xthc-zhe, a grinder; a molar
we-o^'-ki-shno" i, we are grateful. tooth.
we'-ki-shno° thi°-ge, to be without we'-the, to see, find, or discover,
gratitude; thankless; ungrateful. we-a'-the, I discover,
we'-k'o", to cultivate; the act of we-tha'-the, you discover.
weeding. we-o"'-tha i, we discover.
we-a'-t'o°, I am
weeding. we'-the-wa-ga-ta, a 5-cent piece; a
we-tha'-^'o°, you are weeding. nickel.
we-o'''-k'o" i, we are cultivating, we'-thi-Qpo", scales for weighing.
we'-k'u-tse, a measure; bushel, yard, we'-thi-gtho" o-xpa-tha, no ability
pint, quart, or gallon. to reason, or lack of sensibility;
we'-nio°-ka, to use as a means to insanity.
easily attain the end desired; to we'-thi-hi-dse, the use of something
easily overcome the enemy. in a magical way for overcoming
we'-no°-de, gratified; satiated. the enemy. Reference to the
we'-no°-d8e, to feed until filled to gourd used in this way occurs in
satisfaction. the recited parts of one of the
we-a'-no°-dse, I am satisfied (my wi-gi-es. {See Pe-xe Thu-ga bi
hunger). wi-gi-e, paraphrased in back of
we-tha'-no°-dse, you are satisfied book.)
(your hunger). we'-thi-ki°-d8e, an instrument made
we'-pe-tho°-ba, the seventh —we, of sinews, used to soften hides by
with; pe-tho^-ba, seven. friction.
we'-c-tha bi o, we see them, we'-thi-^'u-dse, an auger.
we'-sha-be-the-hiu, maple sugar we'-thi-mc-shi, a lifter; a jack for
(Acer saccharinum) The bark of
.
the lifting of wheels and other
this tree was used for making a heavy objects.
black dye, we'-thi°, string; cord; rope; lariat;
we'-sha-pe, the sixth, halter-strap.
•we' -she °, grateful.

We'-thi"-5a-gi, Strong-strap. A per-
sonal name.
we'-stse-the, that which is used in
we'-thi" so°> braided lariat.
curing disease; therapeutics; a
We'-thi^-ga-xe, Maker-of -straps.
remedy,
Personal name. Refers to making
a-tsi" i-ga-ba-xe a-ba we'-stse-the
of captive straps for warriors of a
tha-gthi° bi a, quinine is a good
party.
remedy.
we'-thi°-ke stsi-ba-xe, you broke the
we'-tha-bthi°, the third we, with — cord in two.
which to make; tha-bthi", three,
we'-thio-thi-do", to pull anything
we'-tha-bthi^-o", the third time.
taut, as a rope, a tent cover; or to
we'-tha-5ta, glue. The Osage made spread a blanket tight.
glue from the turtle shell. This we'-thi" thi-gtha-wa, to lengthen a
same word may be used to express rope or thong,
any sticky or gluey substance, or we'-thi" bthi-gtha-wa, I lengthened
anything adhesive, the rope.
we'-tha-hni, that by which we swal- we'-thi° stsi-gtha-wa, you lengthened
low; the gullet. the rope,
we-tha'-hni u-ba-ju tse, a soft we'-thi" o°-thi-gtha-wa i, we length-
palate. ened the rope.
—
We'-thi" Zhi°-ga, Little-strap. A we'-thu-xa, rake used for removing

personal name originated by the old cornstalks and weeds in pre-
Tsi'-zhu Wa-no° gens. (For other paring the ground for planting.
personal names see back of book.) By some of the Osage Tribe this
we'-thi°-zhi°-ga, anything used for word is we'-thu-xe.
tying. we'-tc-i", to examine with care and
we'-thi-shi-be, a key. take note of what has been
we'-thi-shi-be ke o°-wo"-xpa-the mi""- examined.
kshe o, I lost my door key. we'-to''-i'' a-the, I examined with
we'-thi-stsu-e, pincers; pliers. care,
we'-thi-stsu-e ke u-xpa-the a-the ha, we'-to^-i" tha-tha i, you examined
I lost the pincers, with care,
we'-thi-stsu-e ke i'-tha-the ha, you we'-to^-i" o^-tha i, we examined it.
found the pincers. we'-ô°-i°, mark of identification.

we'-thi-to° tha-gthi", good to work we'-to° i^-da, an expression found in
with; a useful implement. ritual, meaning, we see from our
we'-thi-wi°, to sell or to purchase. divining sense.
we'-bthi-wi°, I sell. we'-to°-the i-ba, a scraper; an im-
we'-stsi-wi°, you sell. plement used in preparing skins,
we'-thi-wi" thi-shto°, sold. especially for drying purposes.
ni-ka-shi-ga a-ka Ija-wa tho°-ba o°- we'-ts'a, reptile; snake.
thi-wi° a-ka o, I sold two horses to we'-^s'a ga-be, black snake we-ts'a, —
the man. snake; 5a-be, black.
tsi tse we-bthi-wi" bthi-shto° ha, I we'-ts'a-si-gi-e, bull snake we-ts'a, —
sold the house, snake; gi-î-e, yellow spots on
we'-thi-xthi, the head of a man or of body.
an animal, we'-ts'a-5i°-dse e-go", resembling a
we'-thi-xthi ga-shi-be, head pay; rattlesnake's tail; yarrow {Achillea
poll tax. millefolium). This is a toothache
we'-thi-xthi ga-shi-be tse o"-ga'-shi- medicine; the flower of the plant
must be is used for perfume.
be ta i-ki, the poll tax
paid, we'-^s'a-Qka, white snake. This snake
we'-thi-xthi k'i'-tha, dandruff; scaly has a red breast.
head,
we'-ts'a-da-pa, the short snake (the
we'-thi-xthi k'i-tha bi a-tha, he has
spreading adder).
a scaly head,
—
we'-^s'a-gthe-ge we'-ts'a, snake;
gthe-ge, striped: garter snake.
we'-thi-xthi-ni-e, headache,
we'-^s'a ni-dsi-wa-o°, water snake.
we'-thi-xthi to°-ga — we'-thi-xthi,
we'-ts'a ni-gi, water snake; water
head; to°-ga, big —big head:
moccasin.
cabbage.
we'-ts'a pa-â zhi^-ga, a young snake
we'-thi-xthi-to°-ga ba-ô-be, cab-
just hatched.
bage chopped fine; slaw, we'-ts'a-to-ho zhi°-ga —we'-ts'a,
we'-thi xthi u-sda, the bare part of snake; to-ho, blue; zhi^-ga, httle
the forehead; the center of the little blue snake: the blue racer.
forehead. we'-ts'a \o"se., the great snake; a
we'-thi-xthi wa-hi, the skull of a trope for the rattlesnake. A ritual
human being or of an animal; the term. The common name for this
cranium, snake is she'-ki.
we'-thi-xthi xi"-ha, the skin of the we'-ts'a Ijsi-^si-zhe, name given to
head; the scalp. the glass snake by the Osage,
we'-tho°-ba, the second. (From a from we-ts'a, snake; tsi-tsi-zhe,
ritual.) brittle.
we'-ts'a u-bi-xo° — we'-ts'a, snake; wi-Qo"'-ga — continued.

u-bi-xo", puflf: moccasin snake. relationship exists. One member
We'-^s'a u-zhi, Snake Creek; Mar- of a tribe may address members of
maton, Kaus. the other gentes of the same divi-
we'-ts'a we-thi-xthi zhu-dae, red- sion with this term. Following is
headed snake; the copperhead. an illustration of how the term
we'-ts'a zhu-zhu-dse we-ts'a, snake; — would be used:
zhu-zhu-dse, spotted red: a copper- wi-yo^'-ga u-wa gi-lfi-e mi kshe o, I
head snake. Among the Osage spoke to my younger brother,
the word we'-ts'a we-thi-xthi zhu- wi'-e, I; me.
dse, meaning red-headed snake, wi'-gi-e, orison; prayer; to pray,
is often used for the copperhead. wi'-a-gi-e, I pray,
we'-tse-ga, blue-winged warbler. wi'-tha-gi-e, you pray,
we'-^si", a battle-ax, or any club used wi-o^'-gi-a we pray.
i,
in fighting. wi'-gi-e ni-ka-shi-ga, a divine clergy-

We'-^si", War-club. Personal name. man.
Refers to the ceremonial war club. Wi'-gi-e to°-ga, the great ritual,
we'-u-ga-do", a hammer. —
wi'-gi-e tsi wi'-gi-e, ritual or prayer;
we'-u-â-sa, a pleasing ornament; an tsi, house: church,
ornament becoming to anyone. wi-gi-e tsi tse o"-ga-hi no" bi a,

we'-u-tha-do°, a stopper of any kind. o°-ba-wa-ko°-da-gi tse dsi, we go
we-u'-thi-k'u-dse (Om. we-u'-thi 'u- to church on Sunday.
de), a gimlet, bit, or auger. wi-gi' o"-btha, I beat you in the race,
we'-zha-pshe, a bayonet; a lance; a wi'-gi-tha, I make for you, to make
spear; a javelin, easy for you to succeed. (From a
we'-zha-pshe ke pa-hi wa-gthi°, the ritual.)
spear is very sharp. wi'-gi-the, I have called you to be.
we'-zhiu, frame for broiling beef. wi-he', special kinship term; the name
we'-zhu-dse-the, red dye. by which the second daughter is
We'-zhi-u-gi-pi, Trench-full. Per- called.

sonal name. Refers to the fullness wi-kchi'-xa, I have made for you.
of the fire trench. Also wi-ktsi'-xe.
wi, a term of endearment; my. wi°, one; single.
wi-ljo', my grandmoter. ni'-ka wi°, one man.
wi Iju'-tha, my friend, wa-^'o wi°, one woman.
wi to'i'-dse, my son-in-law. wi°-a'-ha, altogether,
wi-tsi'-go, my grandfather; this ex- wi^-a'-xtsi-o", once; one time.
pression is used in tribal rites to wi"'-gthi-zhi, absent; away; not pres-
denote veneration, ent.
wi-tsi'-ni, my daughter-in-law. wi°'-â i ha, he is sincere.
wi-tsi'-zho° a, my niece, wi"'-ke, truth; sincere; genuine; sin-
wi-tsu'-shpa, my grandchild. cerity; sure.
wi, I am. wi°-a'-ke, I speak the truth.
wi a'-to° he, I am he who stands wi°'-tha-ke, you speak the truth,
before you. wi" ka-zhi, he speaks not the truth,
wi-a'-wa-ki-kshe, I mean myself. wi^'-ke a-zhi°, credence; belief,
wi'-Qi, to jump; alight from a horse; wi^'-ke a-a-zhi°, I believe him.
leap. wi^'-ke a-tha-zhi", you believe him.
wi'-5i-si, flea. wi^'-ke o°-ga-zhi° i, we believe him.
wi-gc'-ga, brother (younger than my- wi^'-kshe gi-ba-ha, to demonstrate.
self ) This is the ordinary use of
. wi'-no°, a ritual term,
the kinship term for my younger wi^'-nc-the, each one; every in-
brother. But the same term is dividual; each.
used ceremonially when no blood wi"'-tho°-tho", one apiece; one by one.
LA FLESCnE) OSAGE DICTIONARY 217
wi°'-xtsi, one of a kind; a single piece, wi-t8i°'-do, brother older (than my-
wi^'-xtsi lio"-btha, I want one. self) woman speaking.
;
wi°'-xt8i-o", once. Wi'-tsi-ta, a Wichita; Wichitas.

wi-c'-btha, I beat you in a race. wi-tsu'-shpa-zhi xtsi tho", my dear
wi'-o°-wo°, which? which one? grandchild (w. sp.).
wi'-o°-wo° the stiu-ge a, which did wi-u'-ga-do°, a hammer of any kind
you take? used for driving nails or tent pins,
wi'-pa-xe, I made or make for you. wi-u'-gthe e-zhi, portly.
wi'-shki, I also. wi-u'-th.i-rao°, screws,
wi'-shki-do", I too, for my part. wi-wi'-ta, mine,
wi'-shno", I alone. wi-xi'-btha rQO°-zhi° ha, I have not
wi'-shti, I also. misplaced my confidence in you.
wi'-'ta, denoting possession; my or wi-zhi°'-the, my elder brother; my
mine, brother older than myself.
mo^-zho" wi'-ta, my land, wo°, for the first time.
ta-wa wi-ta, my horse, wo°, one.
tsi wi-ta, my house or tipi. wo°'-5ka, it happened.
zhi^-ga zhi°-ga wi-ta, my child. wo^'-da, in the course of time; at
wi'-tho°-ska, men who are of my age. length; seldom.
wi-ô^'-be, I see you; I look upon you. Wo°'-da, Wyandotte,
An expression used in certain wo^-go"', soon; in haste.
ceremonies. wo°-go°' tha thi° ho, go in haste.
wi-^si-go'-e, my grandfather; also wo°-go°' quick to anger;
gi-ba-li:o",
used in rituals. The term tsi-go sensitive; quick tempered,
is applied to a father's father, to
wo "-go"' -xtsi, without delay; quickly;
his father, to a mother's father, to
straight way.
his brother, to a father-in-law, and
wo° shki do", any one of them,
to a wife's maternal uncle. It is
also used as a term of reverence
wo "-the, same as ga-ni.
for God and for natural objects, wc'-the-the, every one; the whole;
such as the sun, the morning star, entire thing; all.
the dipper, Orion's belt, the pole wo°'-the-the i-thi-gtho" —wo°-the-

star, and living objects whose the, all; i-thi-gtho°, control all:
mysterious habits inspire in the democracy; government by the

Osage mind a feeling of reverence people.
for the Creator. wo°'-xtsi-o", once; a single time.
X
xa'-de-i-û-gtho°, a hayrack. xa-ge' wa-xo°-xo°, crying and broken
xa'-dse, grass. songs. This is the name of the
xa'-dse ke bthi-sda, I pull the grass, three songs belonging to the
xa'-dse ke ni-sda, you pull the grass procession of the night. Xa-ge,
xa'-dse gi-gta-ge c-ki-the -â bi°- to cry, refers to the appeal made
da, we will cause the grasses to be by those songs to the night, to the
flattened to the ground for our- Power that moves in the night.
selves. (From a ritual.)
Wa-xo°-xo", broken in pieces, refers
xa'-ga, bristling; rough in appearance,
to the group of ownership of these
xa-ge', to weep or to cry; lamentation,
songs and the manner in which
a'-xa-ge, I weep,
tha'-xa-ge, you weep. they are sung in the Wa-sha-be
o°-xa'-ga i, we cry or weep. A-thi".
Xa-ge'-wa-the, Makes-them-weep. xa-pe'-no°, to pluck, as plucking the
Personal name. ripened ears of corn.
—
218 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BtiLL. 109
xa-pi-e'-the, to snatch, xi"'-tha-tha, to hurry; make haste; to

xa-pi-a-the, I snatch, hie.
xa-pi-tha-the, you snatch. xi^'-tha-tha bthe, I hurry.
xa-pi-o°-tha i, we snatch, xi"'-tha-tha stse, you hurry.
xa'-tha, backward, i, we hurry.
xi"'-tha-tha o''-ga-tha
xa-tha-gthe', to appear to move xi-tha, eagle; golden eagle. The
backward; retrograde, golden eagle figures in the Osage
xa'-tha gthe ga-xe xa-tha, back; — rites as a symbol of courage.
gthe, come; ga-xe, to make The black on the tips of its tail
make-to-come-back: a term used feathers represents fire and char-
in court, coal. Its ceremonial name is
xa'-tha mc-thi", the act of stepping Wa-zhi°'-ga wa-tha-xthi-thi^-ge,

backward, Bird-that-has-no-stain.
xa'-tha mo^-bthi", I walk backward, xi-tha' a-ba ga-wi°-xe no" bi a, the
xa-tha' mon-stsi°, you walk back- eagle soars,
ward, xi-tha' thi°-ke a-hi" te thi-xo° bi a,
xa-tha %& thi-sho" ha'-je xa-tha, — the eagle's wings are broken,
backward; Xa, in that direction; xi-tha', lack of confidence.
thi-sho°, toward; ha-ge, to flee wi-xi'-btha ha, I have no confidence
in-that-direction-toward-to-flee : to in your ability,
retreat. o^-tha'-xi-shta, you have no confi-
xa'-tha-wa-do°-be, to look backward. dence in my ability,
xa'-tha-wa-to°-be, I look backward. xi'-tha, to fall; to die; to perish,
xa'-tha-wa-shto°-be, you look back- axi'-btha, I fall,
ward, tha-xi'-shna, you fall.
xa'-tha o°-wo°-do°-ba i, we look o°-xi'-tha i, we fall,
backward, xi'-tha, to topple.

xa'-xa-ga, rough. zho° a-ka xi-tha ta i-tse e-dsi a-hi
sha-ge tse o^-wo" thi-xa-ga mi°- a-ka ha, the tree is ready to topple,
kshe o, my hands are rough. xi'-tha. {See hi-pshe.)
xe, to bury; to inter. xi-tha' -gka, white eagle; also the
a-xe', I buried him or her. name of a Ponca Indian,
tha-xe', you buried him or her. xi-tha'-pa, white-headed eagle, bald
a-xe' ta mi kshe o, I shall bury him. headed,
tha-xe' ta tse o, you shall bury him. xi-tha'-sha, red eagle; a mythical
xe'-be, shallow; not deep, eagle.
xe'-ga, dead, as tall grass or a tree, Xi-tha-u'-ga-sho°, Eagle-that-trav-
xe'-ki, the lowlands lying along the cls. Personal name. Refers to the
foot of a hill or along the line of tireless soaring of the eagle,
hills.
xi-tha-u'-gthc-ge, eagle-feather
xe'-mo°-ge, frost; hoarfrost,
headdress.
xi'-a-tha, to fall,
xi-tha' zhi°-ga, young bald eagle,
a-xi'-btha, I fall,
xiu-tha', the eagle. This is consid-
tha-xi'-shna, you fall.
ered among the Osage as a sacred
o°-xi'-tha i, we fall.
bird. It figures as a symbol in the
xi'-dse, dim; feeble eyesight.
tribal rites,
i^-shta' thi-xi-dse, your eyes are dim.
i"-shta o°-xi-dse, my eyes are dim. xiu-tha' e-go° zhi°-ga, hangbird or
oriole,
xi'-ga, same as wa-to"-!" a-zhi.
xl°-ha, skin of a human being or bark xi'xi-ni, gristle,
of a tree, to stagger, as a drunken

xi' -xi-tha,
xi^-ha' 5ka, white skin; the white race. man.

—
xi°'-ha sha-be xi°-ha, skin; sha-be, xo'-de (Om. same), drab; a grayish
—
dark dark skin: swarthy. color.
LA FLESCHI OSAGE DICTIONARY 219
xo'-dse, gray, a gray line. Xc-xc'-mc-i", Shines-as-he-moves.

Ija'-wa xo-dse, gray horse. Personal name.
Refers to the
xo-e', to roar, as the wind or the reflection of thesun on the out-
waterfall; to sigh; to sough, as spreading of the eagle.
the wind in the trees; to rumble. xo' â, blackbird.
xo'-ga, badger. xo'-ta a-hiu 5i-hi, yellow-winged
Xo'-ga-hi°-e-go", Hair-like-a-badger. blackbird.
Personal name. xo'-â a-hiu gka, white-winged black-
xo'ka, this is the title of a man who bird.
acts as initiator in the initiatory
xo'-tja a-hiu zhu-dse, red-winged
ceremony of a tribal rite. Such a
blackbird.
man must be one who has taken
xo'-ta pa-gi, yellow-headed black-
the degree he confers. He may
bird— xo-ta, blackbird; pa, head;
choose his own candidate or he
q'i, yellow.
may be chosen by a man offering
himself as a candidate for initia- Xo'-ta-wi°, Blackbird-woman. Fe-
tion into the degree.
male personal name.
Xo'-]ka, OflBcial prompter. xo-ta-xo-dse, the starling — xo-ta,
20°, to break; just a simple break. blackbird; xo-dse, gray gray black- :
bthi'-xo°, I break. bird.
ni-xo°', you break. xpe'-ga, languid; drooping.

o°-thi'-xo° i, we break. o°-xpe'-ga, I am languid,
xo°'-d8e, the red cedar. Used as a thi-xpe'-ga, you are languid.
symbol among the Osage, found xpe'-xpe-ga, repeated or continued
in ritual. languidness.
xo^'dse hi, the cedar tree. xpo°, from da-xpo", to thaw out.
Xo°'-d8e hi, Cedar Hills. At this xta'-the, to love,
place ten Pawnee warriors were xta'-a-the, I love,
killed the woods.
in This was xta'-tha-the, you love.
the site of the fifteenth camp in xto°'-tha i, we love.
the first trail. xtha, blossoms of anj' kind.
Xo°'-dse hi ga-xa, Cedar Tree Creek. xtha, haggard; wear}' from work.
The seventeenth camp in the xtha a-thi°' hi, emaciate; loss of
second buflfalo trail. (See Tsi-zhe- flesh; to waste away,
be e-go°.) xtha o°'-thi° hi, I am emaciated,
Xo°'-dse-hiu ga-xa, Cedar Tree xtha a'-thi°-thi" shi, you are emaci-
Creek; Cedar, Okla. ated.
Xoo'-dse-u-mc-i", Dwell-among-the- xtha-be i'-ta-xe, the topmost branch
cedars. Personal name. Refers of a tree.
to the thunder and lightning xtha-gi', yellow blossom; yellow flower.
which are supposed to live among Xtha si-bi, month of yellow flowers:
the cedars. There is also another August.
meaning to this word, which is Xtha-si'btho-ga-§i, all yellow flowers
Walks-among-the-cedars, a per- blossom: September.
sonal name; refers to the habit Xtha-5i' ga-xa zhi"-ga, Sunflower
of the bears. Creek.
xc'-dse wa-tse, Cedar Star. The Xtha-si u'-gthi°, Sunflower Village
name of a subgens of the Ni'-lja (Old Village).
Wa-ô°-da-gi gens; acts as Sho'-lâ —
xtha-ska', white flower xtha. flower;
both for itself and the gens. <;ka, white: a rose.
Xo°'-d8e-wi°, Cedar-woman. Female xtha-5ka' a-ba i-gi-ha u-i shna bi a,
personal name. Refers to the the rose is perennial.
cedar tree. xtha-5ka' a-ba wa-xa-pa-hi u-tsi bi a,
xoo'-xo", to break in pieces. the rose has thorns.
67025—32 15
xtha-ska' —
continued. xthe-xthe', tattooed (symbolical),
xtha-5ka' a-ka btho" tha-gthi° bi o, xthi, fester; suppurate.
the rose has a pleasant odor, sha-ge tse o^-xthi, my hand is fes-
xtha-fka' a-ka da'-ts'e-ga bi a, the tered,

roses are wilted. xthi-ba'-the, same as tsi'-lf'a,
xtha-5ka' ke u-bu-dse ga-xa bi a, the xthi", growl of an animal.
roses were in profusion, sho°'-ge a-ka xthi° bi a, the dog
xtha-gka' u-bthi'-bu-dse, I strew growled.
roses, xthi°-zha', sparks of a fire. Sparks
xtha-gka' u-thi-btho° o°-tha-gthi°, that fly upward from the sticks or
I like the scent of the roses. fire drills used for starting a fire,
xtha-9ka' zha-bthi^-ga wi° Ijo^-btha, xthi-u'-zhi, silent; quiet; still.

I want to sprout the rose. xthi-u'-zhi xtsi zho° bi a, he lay very
xtha-5ka ba-shki xi'-tha-no" bi a still.
tha, flowers perish. xthe'ge tho°-ba, a double-barreled

—
xtha-gka' e-go" xtha-gka, a rose; shotgun; (2) two holes,
e-go°, like — roselike: rosy. xtho'-k'a, empty; emptiness.
xtha-Qka' tsu-hu, violet. o°-zhi-to-ho tse xtho-^'a, the bottle
xtha-gka zhi'-hi wi° the tse, a pink is empty.
rose. xtho-xtho'-dse, to snort. (See zho"-

Xtha-gka' zhi°-ga ^s'e-the, Killer of ge.)
Flowers, month of May. Frost xtho°, to sulk; pout; peeved.
so often came at this time of the a-xtho° bthe, I went away in a sulk,
year, killing the young flowers; tha-xtho" stse, you went away in a
hence the name. pout,
xtha-zhi°'ga, lean; gaunt; haggard; xthc'-zhe, to crush with the hands.
slender; slim; thin; lean. (See a'-xtho"-zhe, I crush with my hands.
ga-gi zhi^-ga.) tha'-xtho°-zhe, you crush with your
xtha-zhc' no°, falling of the blossoms hands,
of corn. o^-ga'-xtho^-zha i, we crush with our
xthe'ge, a fracture. hands,
xthe'-ge, to crack. xthu'-'a, any kind of a hollow in a
a'-xthe-ge, I cracked it. tree or log; sometimes written
tha'-xthe-ge, you cracked it. xthu'-lj'a.
o^-ga'-xthe-ga i, we cracked it. xthu'-ge, spaces in the air passages
xtha'-xtha, timid; cowardly. extending throughout the roots of
xtha'-xtha thi°-ge xtsi ni-lj;a-shi-ga the American lotus.
bi a a bi° da, among those people xthu-ge zhi°-ga, little holes; passages.
there were none who were cow- So named on account of the small
ardly. holes they found in some of the
xthe'ge u-mo"-ka, fragile; easily roots of the Nelumbo lutea, which
broken. were around this place. The site
xthe'-ts'a-ge, this is an ancient title, of the tenth camp of the first trail,
the exact meaning of which is lost, xthu'-zhi, silently; quietly,
but it is used to designate the xthu'-zhi go°-tha, to move easily or
eight men chosen by the No°'-ho°- carefully; stealthily; gradually,
zhi^-ga to aid the principal Com- xthu'-zhi go°-tha bthe, I went
mander in a war party. These stealthily,
oflBcers, in a council, determine the xthu'-zhi go°-the stse, you went
course to be pursued by the war stealthily,
party and personally command the xthu'-zhi go°-tha o°-ga-tha i, we
men. went stealthily.
xtsi, verily; very. —

Xu-tha'-gthe-zhe continued.
nc'-thi^-thi^-ge xtsi the a bi a, verily immature golden eagle, whose
it is said, there is nothing he did tail feathers are speckled.
not know. Xu-tha' -k'i", Eagle-carrier. Personal
xto° (Om. same), to spill; to slop over. name.
pa-xto'>, I spilled it. Xu-tha' -mi, Eagle-woman. Female
shpa'-xto°, you spilled it. personal name.
o^-ba'-xto" i, we spilled it. Xu-tha' -mi-^se-xi, Eagle-sacred-sun.
xu'be, holy, supernatural power; (2) Female personal name.
sanctity. Xu-tha'-ni-ka, Eagle-man. Personal
Xu-e'-gi-da, Comes-roaring. Personal name.
name. Refers to the wind in an Xu-tha' -pa, Eagle-head. Personal
approaching storm. name.
Xu-e'-no°-zhi°, Stands-soughing. Per- xu-tha' pa-so" zho-i-ga-the, Bald
sonal name. Refers to the mur- Eagle People. A subgens of the
muring of the cedar trees as the Wa'-tse-tsi gens; acts as Sho'-ka
wind passes through the branches. to both itself and the gens.
xu'-ha, the skin of a person or an Xu-tha' -sha-be, Dark-colored-eagle.
animal. Personal name.
xu-tha', eagle; the adult golden eagle. Xu-tha'-ô^-ga, Big-eagle. Personal
Xu-tha'-da-wi°, Good-eagle-woman. name.
Jêmale personal name. Xu-tha'-^s'a-ge, Aged-eagle. Per-
—
xu-tha' e-go° zhi°-ga xu-tha, eagle; sonal name.
e-go°, like; zhi°-ga, little: resem- Xu-tha'-wa-ko"-da, Mysterious-ea-
bles a young eagle. gle. Personal name.
Xu-tha' -ga-hi-ge, Eagle-chief. Per- Xu-tha' -wa-shu-she, Brave-eagle.
sonal name. Personal name.
Xu-tha'-ga-hi-ge ga-xa, Eagle Chief Xu-tha'- wa-to°-i°, Eagle-plainly-
Creek. This was 30 miles from seen. Personal name.
the sixth camp, and here the Xu-tha'-xtsi, Real-eagle. Personal
seventh camp of the third bufifalo name.
hunt was estabUshed. Xu-tha' -zhu-dse, Red-eagle. Per-
Xu-tha'-gthe-zhe, Speckled-eagle. sonal name.
Personal name. Refers to the xwi", fetid, offensive smell.
zha, an expression of doubt. zha'-be —

continued.
a-zha, I doubt. these two tribes the pelt of the
tha-zha, you doubt. beaver played a large part in the
o°-zha i, we doubt, trade.
zha' -be, the beaver. This animal zha'-be do-ga, the male beaver.
figures prominently in Osage tribal This is used as the Ufe symbol
rites. It was the beaver who gave of the E-no°' Mi°-dse-to° (Bow
to the warriors the thirteen willow gens) of the Wa-zha'-zhe, the sub-
saplings with which to recount the division representing the water
military honors won by them in portion of the earth.
battle, seven for the Ho"'-ga war- zha-be ni u-no"-sho-da bi —
zha-be,
rior and six for the fsi'-zhu. beaver; ni, water; u-no°-sho-da,
The beaver is an animal specially make the water dirty with their
favored by Wa-lj:o°'-da. Both the feet; bi, they: the stirring in the
Osage and Omaha used the flesh water by the beaver,
of the beaver for food. When zha'-be-ta-zho° hi, tree of the
the fur traders opened trade with beaver (Acer negundo).
—
—
zha'-be-ta-zho° zha'-be-ta, beavers; zha'-zhe a-k'^-he, a signature
zho", wood: beaver-wood boxelder from name; a-l^'o°-he,
zha-zhe,
(Rulae negundo). to sign —
to sign name.
zha'-be-wa-tha-k' i-tha, beaver's zha-zhe ^'i, to dub.
itch; ringworm (Trichophytosis). Zha'-zhe Ki-to° Wi-gi-e Zha'-zhe, —
zha'-be wi" u-bthi°-ge, mo°-5e name; Ki-to°, taking; wi-gi-e,
u-thu bthi"-ge, I caught a prayer: prayer for name taking.
beaver in a steel trap, zha'-zhe wa-ho-da, nickname.
zha'-biu-gka, an ant. In the war zhe-ga', the upper part of the leg.
rites the ant represents the weap- zhe'-ga-ga-stu-dse, disjointing the
ons of the warriors. The last act limbs of a buffalo when butchering.
of the great war ceremony when zhe-ga' hiu-go°-tha, many legs; the
the warriors are about to march earwig.
against the enemy is perfornied zhe-ga' -u-gthe, the muscles and
by the Do-do^'-ho^-ga, or chief nerves around the thigh bone;
commander of the army. He the femoral circumflex.
recites an ancient ritual by which zhe-ga u'-ki-tse, knee joint.
every chief commander called zhe-ga'-u-to^-ga, the thigh.
upon the spirit of the black zhe-ga' xthi ba-the, gangrene.
fighting ant to make unerring —
zhe-ga'-zhi°-ga zhe-ga, legs; zhi°-ga,
and effective the weapons of his little: little legs. This name was
warriors and to make certain the given by the Osage to the queen
overthrow of the foe. in a deck of cards. It is said that
zha'-biu-5ka ga-be, black ant. the picture of the queen on the
zha'-biu-gka 5!, yellow ant. old-style cards was in full figure
zha'-biu-5ka zhu-dse, red ant. with very small legs. Thus has
zha-bthi^'-ga, a sprout; a shoot from the name been applied.
a plant, zhe'-gtho°, to broil meat.
zha'-gi-he, stabbing his horse or any zhe'-a-gtho", I broiled the meat.
other animal, zhe'-tha-gtho°, you broil the meat,
zha'-hiu, Rudbeckia suhslomeutosa. zhe'-tha-gtho" i, we broiled the meat.
This plant belongs to the aster zhi, not.
family; it is sweet smelling and is zhi'-do°, condensed moisture; dew.
used by the Osage for perfumery. o^'-zhi-do", the dew is on me.
In the legend of Qa. ga-xe, the a'-thi-zhi-do", the dew is on you.
Making of the Rush for the wa'-zhi-do" i, the dew is on us.
shrine that held the sacred hawk, zhi' -hi, reddish; pink.
the ceremonial messenger was zhi' -hi to°-&a, yellow-billed cuckoo.
repeatedly sent out to find some zhi° da, it was not.
plant that could be used for zhi°-ga', small; little children. When
smoking the shrine. This plant used in the ritual its meaning is
was the second one brought and young, as reference is made to a
was rejected by the priests be- sapling.
cause the smoke from it was too zhi^-ga' ba-se'-i°, a suckling; a nurs-
strong to inhale, ing child.
zha'-ke, jack (playing card). zhi^-ga'-e, this term is found in a
zha'-pshe, to stab. ritual, meaning little ones. {Com.'
zha'-a-pshe, I stabbed him. pare Zhin'-ga.)
zha'-tha-pshe, you stabbed him. Zhi^-ga'-ga-hi^-hi-ge, Young-chief.
zha'-o^-psha i, we stabbed him. Personal name. This name may
zha'-â, cloven; parted, as the foot of be used by permission to honor a
a deer, buffalo, or cow. child.
zh.i"-ga' o°-tha, disinherit; to cut off Zhi°-ga'-o-xta —

continued.
from family ties and relation-
all a candidate for servant. After
ships; to deprive one of inherit- he has been told of the selection
ance, and is willing, he is brought to a
ni-lca-shi-ga a-ka shi°-tu zhi^-ga feast. He is made to sit on a robe
thi^-kshe gi o°-tha bi o, the man and is told that he has been chosen
disinherited his son. to be the Wa-dse'-pa-i°, that
Zhi"-ga'-o-xta, Honored little one. whatever is left over at the feast
1.At the naming of a child, is for him and his children. To
horses and goods are given. This this he says:"Ho-we, I am will-
is done with form and ceremony. ing." After this he goes for his
2.U-thu'-pshe, cradle board. horses, returning with two of the
This is generally brought by a best. Upon one he places a bridle
relative. The father and mother and decorates on the other he
it;
give horses, blankets, etc. The places a saddle and uses it for
sign of ts'a-zhi is made on the carrying the food. He is dressed
cradle board so that it comes in in fine clothes and rides the best
the middle of the child's back. of his horses. One is chosen from
This is a mode of e.xpressing the Ni-ka-do°-he to tell him he is to
wish, by the
giver, that the child go out and call to the chiefs that
may live the full length of life; he has been given four horses.
its meaning is never die. He is told to feast, after the people
3. Mo-'-thi", walk. When the are told he is coming, and make
child begins to walk a feast is ready for the feast. He comes to
given. his own home leading the horses.
4. No°-ta'-ba-xtho°-ge, Piercing A number of blankets are also
the ears of the child. Again a given him and they make him feel
feast is given to all the people very happy. This is the beginning
and horses and goods are pre- of life as an actual servant.
sented. 7. r-e-]j:i-the, herald. The child
5. Wa-to^-wa-lju-bi. This is a must have a herald.
feast given in honor of the child, 8. Xo'-ka, prompter. The child
at which time four sacks of wa- must have a prompter. At the
sho°'-ge (parched corn) and four corn feast a dance is given and
mortars are brought in, and when the Xo'-ka sings for the dancers.
the pounding is completed a Men and women engage in these
Wa-dse'-pa-i" is sent for, who goes dances. This is Da'-
called the
out to collect material for the gthe Wa-tsi, the captive dance.
feast. He sells a horse. Rugs 9. Wa-tho"'-kshe u-gthi", pre-
are placed for the persons who siding over the feasts. When all
are to be given dignified positions the foregoing has been gone
wa-to°-ga; these are two women through by the child, a great
or two men. These persons must feast is given to him by the parents,
have already gone through all the and the child is called Wa-tho"'-
Zhi°-ga-o-xta. The four sacks of kshe u-gthi°, ruler of feasts. At
parched corn make the feast, but this time the captive dance is
other foods are used with it. This given; the parents recount the
corn feast is gone through once a things they have given away at
year for four years; this completes former ceremonies for the child.
the o-xta for the child. At the corn festival he may be
6. Wa-dse'-pa-i", servant for chosen as one of the Wa-to°-ga
the child. When the Ni-ka'-do''-he and share in the gifts. When
have come, they choose a man as visitors come he is consulted by
—
224 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY fBULI,. 109
Zhi°-ga'-o-xta — continued. zhi^'-ha o, lie down.

the chief as to whether
they zhiu'-dse, red as applied to foliage.
should be received or not; if he zho°'-a-be zhiu-dse, red leaf,
approves they are invited in, zhiu'-dse hi, the red oak tree (cere-
feasted, and given presents. He monial ritual term).
is now Ga'-hi-ge, or Wa-no°-bthe zho'-a-gthe, I am with him.
gi-hi-ge. Many gifts aremade. zho'-da-ka-de, bodies hot or feverish.
10. new name
Zha'-zhe a-thi°, zho-dse', to whistle. It greatly an-
or title.The child is now ready noys an Osage or an Omaha to
for a new name or title; during hear whistling, because they say
thistime many gifts are made. only ghosts whistle,
This concludes the Zhi°-ga' o-xta. a-zho'-dse, I whistle,
Zhi°-ga'-o-xta, favored little ones. tha-zho'-dse, you whistle,
A title among the Osage. o^-zho-dse i, we whistle.
zhi"'-ga pa-ho"-gthe, first-born child. zho'-i-ga, their bodies (ceremonial
zhi°-ga' 8hto"-ga, a tender new-born ritual term),
infant. zho'-i-ga-the, life symbol,
zhi^-ga'-to", to have children; to zho'-gthe, to accompany; to go with
generate. some one.
zhi"-ga' a-to", Ihave children. zho'-a-gthe, I accompany,
zhi°-ga' tha-to", you have children. zho'-tha-gthe, you accompany.
zhi°-ga' c-wo^-to" i, we have child- zho'-o°-gtha i, we accompany.
ren. zho'-rao°-gthe, the upright part of
zhi°-ga ts'e-gi-the, infanticide; the the leg of an animal; referred to
act of producing death to an when butchering.
unborn child, or the killing of an zho°, to sleep.
infant. a-zho°', I sleep.
zhi^-ga' •^si-the-the, miscarriage. tha-zho°', you sleep.
zhi°-ga' u-gthi°, the womb of a o"-zho' i, we sleep.
woman. zho°, a tree; wood; fuel; (2) as he lay
zhi''-ga' u-kia' wa-tc-to", descend- and moved toward. (From a
ants. ritual.)
zhi^-ga u-ts'e, a premature birth; a zho"'-a-be, the leaves of trees.
miscarriage. zho°'-a-be u-hni no° i ha, the leaves
zhi^-ga' u-wa-ki-ho", grandchild; a of the tree give shade.
descendant. zho°' a-be u-xpa-xpa the, scatter as
zhi°-ga' u-wa-ki-ho", to issue; to falling leaves.
bring forth. zho"' a-dse, a tree climber, as a vine
Zhi °-ga' - wa- da-i''-ga, Little-playful- from zho", a tree; a-dse, climb.
fellow.Personal name. —
zho°' a-ga-gtu-e zho", wood; a-ga-
zhi°-ga' xtsi thi^-kshe, the youngest. 5tu-e, slides: a sleigh.
zhi°-ga' zhi^-ga, baby. zhc-a'-nc-zhi", a wooden ladder,
zhi^-ga' zhi°-ga mc-ko", baby medi- zhc' kshe, term used in speaking of a
cine (castor oil). log lying on the ground.
zhi"-ga' zhi°-ga wa-gi-gtho" bi o, zhc-ba'-shpi, to whittle.
he plans for the good of his no°-ha btha-gka ke pa-shpi mi°-kshe
children. o, I whittled the board.
zhi"-ga' zhi^-ga wa-thi-hi-dse, play no"-ha btha-gka he ba-tha-shpi ni-
baby; a doll. kshe o, you whittled the board.
zhi^-ga' zhu-i-ga o^-tha ba the" â zho°'-pa-shpi, I whittle,
mi^-kshe i° da, it is what the zhc'-shpa-shpi, you whittle,
little ones should make of me zhc-bi'-gu-ge, bender of trees; a
their bodies (symbols). (From a cyclone; a hurricane.
ritual.)
:
I.A FLESCHEl OSAGE DICTIONARY 225

zho°'-bo-§a —
zhon, wood; bo-cja, zho^-gthe'-ge-hiu, striped wood; ash
planted upright in the ground: a {Traxinus viridis). The grain of
fence post. this wood has a striped appearance.
Zho"'-btha-5ka-wi'', Flat-wood-wo- zho^'-gthi-shka, horsefly.
man. Female personal name. zhc'-gthi-shka ga-be, black horsefly.
zho^'-ga-^-ba hi, the twisted oak zhc'-gthi-shka pa gthe-ge zho°'-—
tree. Used in a ritual. gthi-shka, horsefly; pa, head; gthe-
zho°'-5i hi zhi°-ga, the coral berry ge, striped: horsefly with a striped
bush (Symphoricarpus vulgaris) . head.
The Osage made small brooms zho°'-gtho"-the, a large tree; a log.
out of this bush. zhc'-gthu-shka pa tô-ho — zho"'-
zho"-5i' mi^-dse hi, yellow bowwood. gthu-shka, horsefly; pa, head; t;o-
zho" 50°' hi, white tree, sycamore ho, green: green-headed horsefly.
(Platanus This is
occidentalis) . zhc'-gthu-shka tjc-ga, large horse-
also the name subgens of the
of a fly.
Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge gens; it has zho°'-ha, the outer bark of a tree.

no tribal significance. —
zho°'-hi"-dse zho°, wood; hi^-dse,
zho°'-da-da-5e, the mulberry tree bowl: a wooden bowl.
(Morus). When this wood is used zho° hiu bi a, many trees.
for fuel it makes a crackling sound. zho°-i'-ba-5e, crosscut saw.
zho°-ga'-5e, to chop wood. zho°-i'-ba-tsiu, a woodcutter; a saw.
zho° a'-ge, I chop wood, zhc'-i-he, to sleep.
zho" tha'-5e, you chop wood. zho" i'-rao"-thi'' — zho°, wood; i-mo"-
zho° o°-ga'-5a i, we chop wood. thi°, walk with — walk-with-wood
stilts.
zho°'-ga-d8i°, whiffletree.
zho°-ga'-d80°-he, cross poles, in a Zhc-i'-ni-the, CHngs-to-the-tree-for-
house. safety. Personal name.
zho°-i'-â-xe, the top of the tree.
zho°'-ga-ha-xpa, the top branches of
zho^-i'-l^si, a log house.
a tree.
Zho°-i'-^si Zhi''-ga, Little Wooden
zhc'-ga-xa, the limb of a tree;
House.
branches, boughs,
zho°-k'i°', to go after or to carry wood.
zho^'-ga-xa ga - stse - dse,
a - the
zho''-]j:'i°' a-gthi bi 0, she has come
branches are overhanging.
home
—
zho°' - ga - xe zho°, wood; ga - xe,
carrying wood.
zhc-ko"', roots of any plant or tree.
worker: a woodworker; carpenter.
zho°-ko"'-5ka-5io°-ga, a tree having
zho^'-ga-xo"— zho°,tree; ga-xo°, brok- large white roots used as medicine;
en (by the wind) — tree-broken: a a cure for diarrhea. This is used
bridge. This word originated for horses having bowel trouble; it
from the fact that streams were results inmaking them mad.
frequently crossed by using fallen zho"'-ku-ge. This word is used for
trees that had been blown down
into the streams by the wind.
the number 1,000 from zho°, —
wood; Iju-ge, box. It derived its
Zho"'-ga-xthi, Tree-killer, Personal use from the fact that the Govern-
name. Refers to the lightning ment had a custom of paying the
that strikes and kills the tree. Indians in silver dollars which were
zho°'-ge, a peculiar noise made by the packed in little wooden boxes, each
heavy blowing through the nos- of which held one thousand dollars.
trils, by a horse, deer, antelope, (2) This is also the word for trunk.
or other animals, when they are zho°'-lj;u-ge tse-ga tho°-ba wa-
frightened. bthi° mi°-kshe o, I have two
zho°'-gthe, a forest; a wooden post. new trunkfj.
: —
wocden bow.
zho'''mi"-(i8e, a zho°'-8ha-be the hi —
continued.
—
zho°-ni' zho", wood; ni, water: wood- a burning brand. When the strug-
water; sugar. gle is over each warrior scrapes
zho°-m do'-ba o-'-lji'-o, give me from the charred wood the 'mys- '
'
some sugar. terious charcoal. This he crushes

'
zho°-ni' a-to-be ha, I pulverized into powder, which he carefully

the sugar. puts into a little deerskin pouch.
(2) Candy. When the country of the enemy is
zho"-ni a-ka wa-tha-^ta, the candy invaded and a charge is to be made
is sticky. upon the foe, each warrior blackens
Zho°-ni', Shawnee. The name of an his face with the mystic charcoal,
Indian tribe. by which he expresses his deter-
zho^-ni', a raft of wood used for cross- mination to show no mercy to the
ing water. foe and to expect none from him.
zho°-ni'-sa-be— zho°, wood; ni, The charcoal symbolizes the leap-
water; ga-be, black: molasses. ing flames, which know no mercy.
zho°'-ni-i-zhe— zho", wood (hollow); Any warrior who neglects to put
ni,water; i-zhe, modification of the the symbol on his face when he
word u-zhi, to put in; the prefix u joins the attack is not awarded
indicates that the wood is hollow; honors, although he might have
hollow wood in which water is put struck many of the enemy warriors.
a barrel. zho°'-8ha-be hi, dark wood; the
zho°'-ni-i-zhe bthi'-to° tha, I rolled redbud or Judas tree (Cercis
the barrel, canadensis) .
zho^'-ni-i-zhe stse'to" tha, you rolled zho°' ta-hiu' k'c-ha zho", wood; —
the barrel. ta-hiu, neck; lj^'o°-ha, put on
Zho"'-no°-5u-ge, Bends-the-tree-tops. wood-put-on-neck: yoke.
Personal name. Refers to the zho°'-ta-shpe, the leaf buds of a tree.
bending of the trees caused by the zhc-ta-xe, a knot in wood.
weight of the eagle when it alights. zho"' te e-to" hi, the time for going
zho°'pa-si pe-tho''-ba, tops of seven to sleep; bedtime.
trees. (From a ritual.) zho"-tha, windfall (.see ga-zho").
zho°'-pe-d8e, a piece of wood used in zho" thi'-mo" wa-tho", Fire Drill
making a fire. Song. This song was used in the
zho°'-8ha-be the hi, dark-wood tree, manipulation of the drill, which
the redbud. A symbolic term is composed of a stick that is
used in a ritual, in tribal war held firmly in the ground while

ceremonies. In the evening to- another is twirled rapidly against
ward the close of the great war it. This song is sung immediately
ceremony, two great piles of red- after Gathering the Wood Song.
bud wood are placed near the two Zho"-thi'-xo" Wa-tho", Songs of
houses of the warriors. At dawn Gathering the Wood. In this
the following morning these two group of songs reference is made
piles are set on fire, and as the to the gatherers of wood who go
flames of the fire leap upward the into the forest for their material,
warriors gather at each of the two which is a ceremonial act, and
fires and a No°'-ho°-zhi"-ga recites means that four men are chosen
a long ritual, at the close of which to collect four pieces of wood,
he sings a song of many stanzas. one from the house of each head
When he comes to a certain stanza of the four gentes of the tribe.
of the song he makes a motion In the second song the gatherers
toward the fire with a war stan- are still in the forest and are
dard; then the warriors rush into making a rattling sound as they
the flames, each struggling to seize tie the bundles together; in the
. —
Zhc-thi'-xo" Wa-tho° continued, — zho"' we-tsi°, wooden club; a weapon.

last stanza they come and throw 2ho°'-we-zha-pshe, a sharpened pole
down the bundle with a clattering used as a spear.
noise. A wi-gi-e, entitled Zho", zhc'-za, a yardstick; a counting
follows this group of songs, which stick used in counting songs in a
isthe ritual of sj^mbolic Firewood. ceremony.
It is explanatory of the symbolic zho°'-xa we-tha-wa, sticks used in
significance of the first four pieces counting the wa-xo-be songs. The
of wood gathered for the kindling counting sticks are an important
of the sacred and has much
fire, factor in the songs.
importance in connection with the zho°'-xa o"-tha bi, poles thrown
ceremony performed in the Mystic away. The Osage surprised a
House. (See p. 223, 39th Ann. war party who in their excitement
Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn.) threw down the lodge poles they
zhc'-tse, the trunk of a tree. were carrying and fled. A tribu-
—
zho"'-tsi-k'a zho", wood; tsi-t^'a, de- tary of the Mi^-tsu' sha-ge ga-xe,
—
cayed decayed-wood: punk; known as Bear Claw, of the
touchwood. Walnut Bottom. (From Father
—
zhc'-tsiu-ge zho", wood; tsiu-ge, Shoemaker's MS.)
mussel shell: a wooden spoon. zho°'-xa-shto°-ga, the water hemlock
Before the introduction of spoons (Cicuta maculata). The root of
the mussel shell was used. this plant is used for smoking
2ho"'-^8iu-he, the ridgepole of a house bruises and swellings to reduce
or tent. inflammation.
zho"'-u-5u, the heart of a tree; also Zhc'-xa Wa-zhu, Consecrated Tally
the pith of a piece of any kind of Sticks. These were cere-
sticks
wood. monially used for keeping a correct
zho°'-u-dse, a stump. count when memorizing the titles
zho°'-u-thi-stse-ge, a wood splitter; and numbers of songs in each
a sawmill. group.
Zhc'-u-thi-stse-ge, Tree-sp litter. zho°'-xa zha-ta, the forked pole, for
Personal name. Refers to light- ceremonial purposes.
ning splitting trees. Zhc'-xe-ga u-gthi", Village in the
zhc' u-thu-ga-do" — zho", wood; u- Dead Forest; Hickory Creek, Okla.
thu-ga-do", to hammer: a wedge. zho"'-xi°-ha, the inner bark of a tree.
zho"-u-to°'-ga, the trunk of a tree. zh.o"'-xo-dse hi, the gray tree; the
zho" u-wo°', the act of putting wood post oak.
on a fire, Zho°'-xu-dse u-gthi", Dwellers
zho"' u-wa-o°, I put wood on the Among the White Oaks.
fire, zho°'-xtha, tree buds or blossoms.
zho"' u-tha-o°, you put wood on the zhc'-xtho-dse, to snore,
fire. zho^-a'-xtho-dse, I snore.
zho°' u-zhu-kshe, the body of a tree. zho°'-tha-xtho-dse, you snore.
zhc^' wa-xa-ga, any tree having zho^'-xthu-k'a, a hollow tree.
thorns. zho"'-xthu-k'a u-pe zho", — wood;
—
zho"'-we-gthe-5e zho", wood; we, xthu-lj'a, hollow; u-pe, enters
with which to; gthe-ge, make enters hollow wood: a wren.
stripes or marks: wood with zho"' xu-dse, gray oak {Quercus bore-
which to make marks; a lead alis)
pencil. zho"' zhe-ga u-gthe, an artificial leg
zho"'-we-gthe-5e wi-ta ga-be, my made of wood.

pencil is black. zho'-tha-gthe, you are with him.
zho°'-we-gthe-ge thi-ta zhu-dse, your zho'-to" hi, mulberry tree (Morus),
pencil is red. known as Indian mulberry.
.
zhc-zhu'-dse-tha Tree
bi ga-xe, zhu'-gi-gthe, to be or to go with a
painted red, a branch
Big of friend or relative,
Caney River. Some of the Osage zhu'-gthe, with him or her.
warriors were carrying home a zhu'-a-gthe bthe, I went with him.
wounded warrior; here the man zhu'-tha-gthe stse, you went with
died and was buried. To mark the him.
spot the warriors painted the trunk zhu'-he, to ford or wade a stream,
of the tree red. To this day the zhu'-a-he ni ke, I waded the river,
river is known as the Painted Tree zhu'-tha-he ni ke, you forded the
by the Osage. river,
zhc-zhu'-tse u-gth.i°, these who zhu-tha'-ha i ni ke, we forded the

dwell among the red trees; Cherry river,
Creek, Okla. zhu'-i-ga, body; flesh.

zhu, flesh or body. —
zhu'-i-ga gi-hi zhu-i-ga, body; 5i-hi,
pallor: sallow.
zhu-a'-wa-gthe a-gthi", I sat with
them. zhu'-i-ga gi-gthe, to inherit good
looks,
zhu da-ka-dse, fever.
zhu-da'-â-dse a'-thi-shto°, the fever
zhu'-i-ga gthc-the — zhu-i-ga, body;
gtho"-the, large: large-body;
has stopped.
stocky. {See wa-shko°.)
zhu'-dse, the red (ceremonial ritual
zhu'-i-ga i-ba, the swelling of various
term)
parts of the body,
zhu'-dse, red; scarlet; vermilion.
zhu-i-ga o°-thi'-bthu-bthu-xe wa-
zhu'-dse e-go", pinkish.
ne °-a-pe, I tremble with fear,
zhu'-dse-sha-be, dark red; crimson.
zhu-i-ga u-ga'-wa-wa, flabbiness of
zhu'-dse-zhi°-a, smallpox. {See ga-
the muscles of the body,
da-zhe.)
zhu'-ki-gthe, to go together,
zhu'-dse zhi°-e, measles. zhu'-pshe, to wade, as in the water,
zhu'-ga ni-e, ache; pain in any part of zhu'-a-pshe, I wade,
the body, zhu-tha'-pshe, you wade,
zhu'-i-ga a-ni-e, I have a pain, zhu'-wa-gthe, to be with.
zhu'-i-ga thi-ni-e, you have a pain. zhu-a'-wa-gthe bthe, I am with them,
zhu'-gtho" sha-be, the dark muscle of zhu'-wa-tha-gthe stse, you are with
beef; the hind quarter. them,
zhu'-ga thi-xthc'-zhe, bruised body; zhu'-zhu-dse, splotches of red on the
lacerate. body; measles.
.
ENGLISH— OSAGE
A
a (indefinite article), e'-di; wi". accept (to), thu-5e'.
a man, ni-lja w-i". I accept, bthu'-ge.
a horse, lj:a-wa wi". you accept, stsiu'-5e.
a woman, wa-ly'o wi°. we accept, o^-thu'-ga i.
abandon (to), wa-o°'-tha. acconapany (to), a'-dc-be; zho'-gthe.

we abandoned it, o°-o°'-tha. accord, wa-zhi° i-ta.
we abandoned (divorced) each other, account (to give an), i'-gtha-wa.
o°-lj;i' o°-tha i. accurate, u-tho'-to".
you abandoned (divorced) each accurately, gi'-tsi-ga.
other, tha-lj:i'-o°-shta. accuse (to), a'-gtha.
abdomen, (1) tse'-ge; (2) wa-no°'-bthe I accuse him, a'-a-gtha.
u-zhi. you accuse him, a'-tha-gtha.
abhor (to), i'-5i. I accuse you of stealing, wa-mo"
abode, as a dwelling place, u-tsi', tho" a-wi-gtha.
u-lji' you accused me of stealing, wa-mo"'-
above (up), (1) a'-mo^-shi; up there; tho° o°-tha-gtha.
(2) a'-mo°-shi a-ta. he is accused of doing wrong,
abreast, a'-lji-thi-tse. a'-gtha-no°.
abreast (in rank and file), u-^tu'-e accustomed, e'-gi-pi-o°.
no"-zhi°. I am
accustomed to it, e'-gi-pi-mo°.
abreast (standing or walking), i'-ga- you are accustomed to it, e'-gi-shpi-
dso°-the no°-zhi". zho".
the soldiers stood abreast, i'-ga-dso"- we are accustomed to it, e'-a-wa-
the no°-zhi° bi a a'-lji-da a-ka. pi-o- i.
absent, (1) wa-thi°'-ga; (2) wi°'-gthi- ace (of playing cards), u-ljo^'-dsi-
zhi. gtho°.
one who is never absent, e-dsi' zhi ache (pain), ni'-e.
the thi°-ge. my head aches, we'-thi-xthi o°-ni-e

absurd, u'-ga-xe thi°-ge. ha.
abundant, (1) i'-she; (2) u-bu'-dse. your head aches, we'-thi-xthi thi-ni-e
the plums are abundant, lj;o°'-dse ke ha.
i'-she. ache (to), sore, zhu'-ga ni-e.
abuse' (to), i'-xta. acorn, pi-gi.
abuse (misuse), ga-5o°'. acorn (black), pi-gi ga-be; wa-pi'-

abyss, (1) u-lj:'u-be; (2) very deep da-lva.
abyss, a'-ki-ho° the tse. acorn (cups), pi-gi' ha.
acacia (Mimosacae), â'-lju e-go° sweet acorn tree, ta-shka' gkiu-e hi.
btho°. acquainted, u-ga';ts'u-ga.
accept (to) an offer, u-thu'-do°-be I am well acquainted with the
(which see). woman, wa-lj'u thi° u-wa-ga'-
I accept an offer, u-thu'-to°-be ts'u-ge ha.
bthi-shto". acquire (to), as knowledge, thi'-u-
you accepted an offer, u-thu'-shto°-be pa-the.
ni shto°. I acquired knowledge, bthi'-u-pa-the.
we accepted an offer, o°-tho°'-gu- you acquired knowledge, ni'-u-pa-
do°-ba i 0° thi shto°. the.
229
acquire(to), as knowledge — contd. again, shi; a-thu'-ha.
we acquired knowledge, o°-thi'-u- again and again, 6hi"'-no".
pa-tha i. again (second time), i-tho^'-bo".
acre, mo°-zho°' we-fu-tse wi". again (to look at), shi-C-do"' -ba
across, ga-dsi°'. thi" ha.
act (to), shko". age (to), no".
act quickly, thi-to'-ge-gtha. aggrieve (to), in a bad sense, ga-go".
active, gi'-î. agnostic, Wa-ko"-da i-thi-gtho" a-zhi.
Adam's apple, do'-dse-ta-xe. ago (little while), i'-tso"-ga zhi''-ga.
adapted, e'-gi-pi-o". long ago, ka'-shi; long time ago, gu'-
I adapted (myself), e'-gi-pi-mo". dsi.
you adapted (yourself), e'-gi-shpi- agreeing, ga-ni'-i-shto".
zho°. ague, ah'-tsi°-ba-ni-tse.
we adapted (ourselves), e'-a-wa- I have the ague, zhu ba-ni-tse mo".
pi-o° i. you have the ague, zhu ba-ni-tse zho".
adder, a-thi°'-da-ge-wa-the. ahead (to go), i-to"'-thi° ki-the.
spreading adder, we'-ts'a-da-pa. I go ahead, i-to"'-thi° ki-the bthe.
adhere, a'-tha-ha. you go ahead, i-to°-thi° ki-the mo"-
adhesive, we'-tha-gta. thi" o.
adjacent, ba-Qkiu'. ailment, u'-ga-she.
adjourn (to), (1) bano°'-tha; (2) u-ga'- aim (to) with a gun, ba-hi'-dse.
e-btha. aim (to) at with a gun, a'-ga-ta.
I made a motion to adjourn, ba'- I aim at it with a gun, a'-a-ga-ta.
no°-tha a-btha-dse. you aim at it with a gun, a'-tha-ga-ta.
you made a motion to adjourn, we aim at it with a gun, o"'-ga-ga-ta i.
ba'-no°-tha a-shta-dse. air, ta-dse'.
we made a motion to adjourn, alarm (an), k'o-k'o'-bi. The expression
ba'-no°-tha o°-ga-tha-dsa i. is used among the older people,
adjust (to), wa-pi'-o°. alarming news, u-gi'-no°-]j'o".
I adjust, wa-pi'-a-o°. alcohol, pe'-dse-ni-gka (which see).
you adjust, wa-pi'-tha-o°. alert, wa-tu'-ge.
we adjust, wa-pi'-o°-o° i. I am on the alert, o"-wo"'-tu-ge.
adopt (to), o^-lji'-to". you are on the alert, wa-thi'-tu-ge.
adorn (to), we'-ti-gthi-wi° ktsi'-xe. mentally alert, wa-thi'-gtho" gi-gi.
adult, no". algae, ni'-ha (which see).
the man reached adult age,
has alight from, wi'-gi.
ni-jja'-shi-ga thi°-ke no" hi-a-ho". alight upon, a'-hiu-he.
advance (in advance of), pa-ho°'-gthe alike (resemble), do°'-be go°-ge-go".
the. The women look aUke, do "'-be go"-
adversity, u'-lj'o" e-go-'-zhi a zho°-gi- ge-go" bi a wa-u no"-ba a-ka.
the. alive, ni.
adz (an), mo"'-ge we-ga-lj^'u. all, ga-ni'; (2) btho-ga; (3) wo"'-the-
affection, token of, u'-gi-ki. the.
afire (as a house) u-wi"'-gthe. almost, (1) tho'-ha; (2) u-thu'-ha.
afoot (to go afoot), mo°-thi°'-the. very near, pi'-i"-ge.
I go afoot, mo^-thi^'bthe. I came very near saying so, ho"'-ni-
you go afoot, mo^-thi"' ne. e-gi-pshe pi-i"-ge.
afraid (to be), no°'-pe. alone, u-]jo"'-dse.
I am afraid, no^-a'-pe. Iwent alone, u-ko"'-dsi bthe ha.
jôu are afraid, no°'-tha-pe. you went alone, u-]jo"'-dsi ne ha.
you are afraid of the dog, sho°'-ge to live alone, o-]jo°-dse tsi-gthe.
to° no"-tha-pe. I live alone, o'-lj:o°-dse tsi-a-gthe.
after a while, shc'-a-ka. you live alone, o'-ô"-dse tsi-tha-
afternoon, mi'-a-po-ga. gthe.
aloof, u-ta'-no°-dsi. antlers, a'-thi-û-sha.
also, shki. antelope, ta-tsu'-ge.
altercation, da-ge'-i-e. anthracite (coal), no°-xthe' ga-gi.
altogether, u-i"' i-he-the; (2) wi°-a'- any, thi-thi°'-ge.
ha. anxiety, u'-ljo°-di-the.
always, (1) i'-gi-ha; (2) sho^'-shc-e. anxious, u'-tho^-dse-shi.
am, bthi". I am anxious, u'-tho^-dse o°-shi.
I am, (1) bthi- i" da; (2) mi-kshi'-da. you are anxious, u'-thon-dse thi shi.
amble (to), to°-to°'-tha. Apache, A-pa-tsi.
amongst, ge, (2) ge-dsi'. apart, î'-tha-ha.
ample, u-thu'-thi^-ga-zhi. I pushed them apart, pa'-lj;i-tha-ha.
amusing, wa-hu'-da. you pushed them apart, shpa'-î-
an, wi". tha-ha.
ancestor, wa-mo°'-pshe-the. we pushed them apart, o"-ba'-ki-tha-
and, shki. hai.
anew, tse'-ga. apiece, as one to each, wi^'-tho^-tho".
anger, u'-xthi; (2) wa'-tha-xthi. apparition, u'-be-hni.
angleworm, ta-mo". appeal (to), gi'-ka.
angry (to be), gi'-ba-ko". to appeal to God, wa-Ii:o'''-da wa-gi-
I am angry, o°'-ba-ô°. da.
you are angry, thi'-ba-ljo°. appear (to), i'-tho°-be.
I pretended to be angry, wa'-ba-t:o° the sun has appeared, mi a-ka i'-
pc-ê. tho°-ba bi a.
angry (to be very), wa-zhi"'-pi-zhi. apple, she.
he is very angry, wa-zhi" pi-zhi wa- apple tree, she hi.
gthi". apprehension, a feeling of, ô'-i-
animal, wa-dsu'-ta. pshe.
I frightened an animal, wa-dsu'-ta approach (to) when hunting, gi-ta'-
wi° bthi -hi. pe.
you frightened an animal, wa-dsu'-ta approach a foe, gtha'-de.
wi" stsi-hi. I approached a foe, a-gtha'-de.
animate (to), u'-shka-shka-tho". you approached a foe, tha-gtha'-de.
I amanimated, u'-shka-shka-tho° we approached a foe, o''-gtha'-da i.
pshi mi° kshe. approve (to), gi'-ga-sho"; (2) i'-gi-
you are animated, u'-shka-shka-tho° shto".
shi ni kshe. I approve, i-tha'-gi-shto°.
we are animated, u'-shka-shka-tho° you approve, i'-tha-gi-shto".
o''-ga-hi-o°-ga to" i. April, I'-wa-bi; (2) Wa-a'-bi (which
ankle, small one, hi'-]jo° u-zhi°-ga. see).
My ankles are small, hi'-ljo" wi-ta arch (of foot), gi-u'-gki-da.
zhi°-ga ha. arch (of heaven), mo°'-shi.
ankle bone, hi'-ko° ta-xe. argue, da-u-i-e.
I broke my ankle bone, hi'-ljo° argument, i'-e wa-tha-zhu-zhi.
wi-ta a-no°-xo°. arid (as applied to ground), mo"-
you broke your ankle bone, hi'-!jo° thi°'-ka ke bi-ge.
thi-ta tha-nc-xo". arise (to) from bed, pa' -ho".
annihilate, ni'-the. I arise, a-gi'-pa-ho".
annoyance, gi'-ho" z-ahi. you arise, tha-gi'-shpa-ho°.
annoying, u-thu'-ts'a-ge. we arise, o°-gi-pa-ho°.
annually, u-mo°'-i°-l]:a wi° hi e-no°. arise (get up, a command), no°-zhi°'
ant, zha'-biu-gka. o u.
black ant, zha'-biu-gka ga-be. Arkansas City, Ni-gko°'-gka To°-wo".
red ant, zha'-biu-gka zhu-dse. Arkansas River, Ni Zhu-dse. (See
yellow ant, zha'-biu-gka gi. Ni-zhu-dse To"-ga.)
arm, (1) a; (2) below the elbow, assemble (to), as for meeting,
a-u-btha'-9ka; (3) above the elbow, wa-thi'-f;ki.
a-hi-de'; (4) when used in cere- assortment, e'-zhi-no^-the.
monies arms are spoken of as you have a good assortment of
a'-hiu-ha. blankets, ha-xi"' te a-zhi-no°-tha
armpit, a-u'-gki-da; (2) thu-ji'; (pi.) tsi a-ni ha.
do-5iu'. asthma, ni-c'-thu-ts'a-ge.
arouse (to), thi-xi. astray (to go), ha'-tho-xtha thi°-ge.
arouse one from sleep, ba-xi. astringent, i-u'-wa-^s'u-xe.

I aroused him, pa'-xi. at, e.
you aroused him, shpa'-xi. ate, I, a-wa-no°-bthe.

we aroused him, o°-ba'-xi i. attach (to), a'-lji-tha-gka-be.
arouse by shaking, thi-zho"-zho". attached, o-tha'-ha; (2) u-tha'-ts'i°.
I aroused him by shaking, bthi'-
attachment, u-tha'-ts'i".
zho^-zho". attack (to), ljo°'-tha.
to attack from the rear, da'-ge.
you aroused him by shaking, ni'-
I attacked from the rear, da-?e a-the.
zho^-zho".
you attacked from the rear, da'-ge
we aroused him by shaking, o°-thi'-
tha-the.
zho°-zho° i.
we attacked from the rear, da'-ge
arrest (to), ho°'-no"-pa-ge u-gtho°;
o°-tha i.
(2) u-thi°-ge.
attire, ha-u'-ki-gthi-xtha.
I arrested him, u-bthi°-ge i" da.
auger (an), we'-thi-]j;'u-dse.
you arrested him, u-stsi°'-ge i° da.
August, Xtha-gi'-bi.
we arrested him, o°-gu'-thi°-ga i°
aunt (on father's side), i-tsi'-mi.
da.
author, mo°'-gthe-tha.
arrive (to), hi. automobile, e-wa'-zhi° no''-ge (which
arrow, mo°. see).
arrowlike, mo" e'-go". I have an automobile, e-wa'-zhi°-
arrowhead (stone), i'^'-moo-hi"-?!. no°-ge wi° a-bthi° ha.
I found a stone arrowhead, i'^'-mo"- you have an automobile, e-wa'-zhi°-
hi°-Qi wi" i-tha'-the ha. no°-ge wi° a-ni ha.
arrowhead (iron), mo^'-ge mo^-hi^-gi. avoid (to), gi'-ha-5e.
arrowhead point, mo°'-hi°-gi i-ta-xe I avoided him, ni'-lja-shi-ga thi° e-ha-
tse. ge ha.
arrow shaft, mc'-ga. you avoided him, ni'-lja-shi-ga thi°
arrowwood, mo^'-ga hi. the-ha-ge ha.
arrowwood (frog), tse'-biu-k'a mo" awake (to be), i'-ki-the.
ta hi. I am awake, i-tha'-ki-the.
arrowwood (gray), mo°'-5a xo-ta hi. you are awake, i'-tha-]î-the.
artichoke, po°'-xe. away, wi°'-gthi-zhi; (2) at a distance,
ash (striped wood), zhc-gthe'-ge hiu. ga-xa'-ta; (3) far, ku'-zhi.
ashes, (1) mo^'-ge ni xo-dse; (2) ni awl, wa-hiu'-lj;'e; (2) wa'-ba-xtho-ge.
xo-dse. (From a ritual.)
ask for, da. ax, mo°'-hi°-5pe.
I asked for it, a-da' ha. ax handle, mo^'-hi^-gpe i-ba.
you asked for it, tha-da' ha. I broke the ax handle, mo°'-hi°-5pe
we asked for it, o°-da i. i-ba bthi'-xo°.
baby, zhi-'-ga' zhi°-ga; pa'-ta zhi°-ga. back — continued.

bachelor, shi"'-to-no°-ho°. your back itches, no°'-]ja thi-tha-lj'i-
back (the), no°'-lj:a. tha.
my back itches, no°'-â o°-tha-lj'i- back between the shoulders,
tha. a'-ba-]ju.
.
back of the head, da'-dse. barefoot, ci-thu'-ka-thi°.

Ihurt the back of my head, da'-dse I am barefoot, gi-thu'-ka-bthi".
tho" ni-e a-lji-pa-xe ha. you are barefoot, gi-thu'-ljâ-ni.
back of a saddle, nc'-ka-gtho" ni-des. we are barefoot, gi-thu'-â-o^-thi i.
backache, no°'-xa-hi ni-e. barely, u'-xo-be xtsi.

backbone, nc'-xa-hi. We barely escaped with our lives,
backward, xa'-tha; (2) a'-ba-gtha. u'-xo-be xtsi o"-ui bi a.
I walk backward, xa'-tha mo"- bark of a dog, u'-hu-hu.
bthi°. bark of a tree, ha.
you walk backward, xa'-tha mo°- outer bark, zho°'-ha.
stsi". inner bark, hi°'-dse.
looking backward, xa'-tha wa-do°-be. barn, ^:a'-wa-tsi.
I look backward, xa'-tha wa-to°-be. I put the horse in the barn, â'-wa-
you look backward, xa'-tha wa-shto°- tsi u-wa-gtho" ha ka'-wa to",
be. barrel (a), zho^'-ni-i-zhe (which see).
to push one backward, ba-mo^'-tha I rolled the barrel, zho"'-ni-i-zhe
i-the-the. bthi'-to" tha.
baby board, head of, i"-dse'-a-thi-QO°. you rolled the barrel, zho^'-ni-i-zhe
bad, pi'-zhi. stsi-to^-tha.
bad luck. {See misfortune.) barren, we'-da-tha zhi.
badger (a), xo'-ga. barter (to), i'-ki-ka-wi° the.
baffle (to), mo°-xe'-the. I bartered, i'-ki-ka-wi" a-the.
I baffled, mo°-xe-a'-the. you bartered, i'-ki-ka-wi° tha-the.
you baffled, mc-xe'-tha-the. we bartered, i'-ki-ljâ-wi" o°-tha i.
bag (a), u'-zhu-ha; (2) o'-zho-ha. Bartlesville, Zans., U-gu'-i-ha zhi°-

bald, u-sda'. ga; (2) Ka'-wa zhi°-ga.
ball, ta-be' (which see). base (vile), i'-gi-wa-the.
banana, to'-zho°-ga. {See hi"-dse.) base of hill, u-tse'-xta.
bandage (to), as a leg, a'-thu-gta. bashful, wa'-ba-gtha; (2) a'-ba-gtha.
bandage one's own leg, a'-gthu-gta. I feel bashful before my aunt,
I bandaged my own leg, a'-a-gthu- wi'-ti-mi a-a-gi-pa-gtha.
gta. I am bashful, a'-pa-gtha.
you bandaged your own leg, a'-tha- you are bashful, a'-shpa-gtha.
gthu-gta. we are bashful, o»'-ga-ba-gtha i.
we bandaged our own legs, o°-ga- bass (fish), ho-i'-ha to°-ga.

gthu-gta i. bass (black), ho-ko°'-ha sha-be.
bank (place to put money), mo°'-ge- bat (a), tse-btha'-xe.
gka tsi. bathe (to), hi-tha'.
banker, mo^'-ge-gka tsi a-thi° (which I bathe, a-hi'-btha-bthe.
see). you bathe, tha-hi'-na ne.
I will see my
banker, mc'-ge-gka tsi we bathe, o°-hi'-tha-o°-ga-tha i.
a-thi° to° a-gi-to°-be bthe ta mi°- battle (to), da-ge'.

ke ha. battle-ax, we'-tsi"; (2) mo^'-hi^-gpe
banner ha-gka' wa-xthe-xthe.
(a), zhi°-ga.
Baptisia (an herb of the bean bayonet (a), we'-zha-pshe (which see)
family), ke-u'-gthi hi (Fabaceae). be (with a friend), zhu'-gi-gthe.
bare (without grass), ba-xu'-shda. be (with them), zhu'-wa-gthe.
bare (by treading down), u-sda'. beads, wa-pshu'-shka; (2) hi°-gka.
bare (by picking), thi-sda'.
beads (small), hi°-gka'.
bare (to make) by burning, da'-gu-da.
bean picker, ho^-bthi^'-ba-hi.
I burnt the grass, da'-gu-da a-the.
you burnt the grass, da'-gu-da tha- bean seed, ho^-bthi^-gu.
the. bean vine, ho^-bthi" hiu.

we burnt the grass, da'-gu-da o^-tha i. beans, ho°-bthi"'-ge.
beans, black, ho^-bthi" â-be. behind (in the rear) continued. —
I like beans cooked with pork, lf;u'-ku- we sat behind, da'-ge-ta-ha o»-
gi ta ho^-bthi^'-ge u-thu-î-ho» o"- gthi" i.
5U shna a-tha. belch (to), to'-gkiu.

bear (black), wa-â'-be (which see). I belched, a-to'-gkiu.
bear cub, wa-â'-be pa-da; (2) wa-â'- you belched, tha-to'-gkiu.
be zhi^-'a. belief, wi°'-ke a-zhi°.
bear (white), wa-â'-be ^ka. I believe, e'-zha-mi i" da.
bear (grizzly), mi'-tsu. belittle (to), tha-tho"' a-zhi.
Bear Creek, Okla., Wa-ga'-be u-tsi I belittledhim, btha'-tho" mc-zhi.
(which see). you beUttled him, shta'-tho» a-zhi.
beard (a), i^'-hi". we belittled him, o^-tha'-tho" ba-
beat (to), u-tsi". zhi i.
I beat you in a race, wi-gi'-C-btha. bell (a), i'-ga-ta-mo".

beat metal, ga-gta'. you ring the bell, stsi'-lja-mo".
I hammered the silver, mc'-je gka below, u-dse'-ta.
tse 'a-gta'ha. belly, tse'-ge.
you hammered the gold, mc'-ge 51 bellyband, tse'-ge hi"-tha-dse.
te tha-gta'ha. belt, i'-pi-tha.
we beat the metal, mc'-ge te o"-ga- bench (a), a'-gthi" stse dse.
gta i. bend (a), u-ba'-sho".
beautiful, tha'-gthi" xtsi. bend (in a road), a'-thi-gi-xe.
beaver (a), zha'-be (which see), bend (of a river), ba'-sho".
beaver (male), zha'-be do-ga. bend (of a stream), u-ga'-xthi.
Beaver Creek, Okla., Ni-gkc'-gka bend (to), ba-ts'i»' sha.
ga-xe; (2) Tse-no°'-5a |vshi-xa-bi I bent it, pa-ts'i" sha.
ga-xa. you bent it, shpa-ts'i" sha.
because, a'-do°; (2) do", bend a knife blade when cutting,
bed (a), a'-zho°. pa'-be'gi.
bed (an iron), a'-zho" mo^-ge. bend (to) one's head by pulling
bedding, u-mi'-zhe. hair, thi-pa-mo°-î-dse.
bedtime, zho"' te e-ton hi. beneficent, u'-shko" tha-gthi°.
bee, ti-gtho°'-xe u-mo". bent (downward), a'-ba-dsu-ge.
beef (broiled), ta' u-ga-tsi. best, ba-hi'.
beetle (tumbling), i°-gthu' ba-to"- bet (a), u'-zhu-t'o".
tha. bet (to), Vo°.
beets, do'-gthe zhu-e. I bet, a-k'o°'.
beg (to), da. you bet, tha-k'o"'.
I beg, a-da'. we bet, o^-l^'o"' i.
you beg, tha-da'. better (as to health), u-tha'-shta-ge.

we beg, o°-da i. betrayed, mo^-xe'-the.
beggar (a), wa-da'-shto"". I betrayed him, mo"-xe-a'-the.
beginning, pa-ho"'-gthe tse. you betrayed him, mo»-xe'-tha-the.
begone (a command), mo^-thi^'o u. between (lying), u-ta'-uo°-tse.
beguile (to), mo°-xe'-the. bewilder, gi-no^'-thi" ga-xe.
I beguile, mo"-xe'-a-the. I bewildered him, gi-uo^'-thi" pa-xe
you beguile, mo°-xe'-tha-the. ha, ni'-ta-shi-ga.
behavior (good), o'-tho-to». you bewildered him, gi-no^'-thi"
behead (to), pa'-thi-ba-xe. shka-xe ha.
behind (in the rear), da'-ge-ta-ha. we bewildered him, gi-uo"'-thi" o"-
I sat in the rear, da'-ge-ta-ha a-gthi" ga-xa i.
ha. bewildered, o'-lj'o" wa-no"-tha-zhi;
you sat in the rear, da'-fe-ta-ha tha- (2) wa-no-'-tha-zhi; (3) u'-l^'o"
gthi° ha. wa-no"-tha-zhj.
beyond, a'-ta; (2) i'-ta-ta. blackberry bush, wa-xa'-ga-hiu-stsu-

beyond (to go), a'-lji-ho". tse.
I went beyond, a'-ki-ho°-bthe ha. blackberry bush (low), wa-xa'-ga-
you went beyond, a'-lfi-ho" stse ha. xtsi-hiu.
bicycle (a), tse-the' a-gthi°. blackberry bush (high), wa-jkiu'-e
big, gtho°'-the; (2) to"'-ga. hi ste-e.
Big Elk Creek, Okla., I^'-be-zha-ta blackbird, wa-zhi°'-ga ga-be.
Ku-da-bi ga-xa. blackbird (red winged), xo'- ta a-hiu
Big Lake, Okla., Dse Thi°-kshi (which zhu-dse.
see). blackbird (white winged), xo'-ta a-
bile, shi'-be-xthi. hiu gka.
bill (ofa bird), pa-zhu'-zhe. blackbird (yellow headed), xo'-ta
bind (to) a leg, a'-thu-^ta. pa-gi (which see).
I bind a leg, zhe-ga a'-bthu-gta. blackbird (yellow winged), xo'-ta a-
you bind a leg, zhe-ga a-ni'-yta. hiu gi-hi.
binder (a), wa-bo'-gka kc-to". Blackfeet Indian Tribe, Ci-â-be.
birch tree, ta-no°'-k'a hi. black haws, bu; (2) bo.
Birch Creek, Okla., Ta-no°'-lf'a-hiu- black loon, tu'-ge-ga-be.
gthe ga-xa. blacksmith, mo^'-ge ga-xe.
bird (of any kind), wa-zhi"'-ga. I must take my horse to the black-
bird (red), wa-zhi°'-ga zhu-dse. smith, mo"'-5e ga-xe to" dsi lj;a-wa
bird tracks (made by their feet), to° a-gtha-bthi bthe ta mi°-kshe.
wa-zhi°-ga î-gthe. bladder, tse'-zhe-ni-u-zhe.
birth, nio°'-pshe. bladder (of an animal), tse-dse'-xe.
birth of a child, we'-da-the. blame (to), e'-wo° a-ka.
I gave birth to a child, we'-da-a-the. I was to blame, wi-e'-wa-mo°.
you gave birth to a child, we'-da-tha- you were to blame, thi-e'-wa-zho".
the. we are to blame, o"-gu' o°-wa i.
biscuit, wa-dsiu'-e da-pa; (2) wa-bo' blameless, (1) wa-gi'-hi; (2) u-i-gtha-
gke da-pa. no" thi°-ge; (3) i-gtha-no^-thi^-ge.
bison, tse (which see). blanket (a), mi; (2) ha-xi° (which
bit (a tool), we'-u-thi-k'u-dse. see).
bit (a small coin), ga-shpe' tho"-ba. blaze (a), pe'-dse da-stsu-dse; (2) po-e.
give me two bits, ga-shpe' tho^-ba blazing star, ha'-ba-ljo" ge-gi-da
wi" 0°-^! o. (which see).
bite (to), tha-xta'-ge. bleeding, wa-bi°.
bite off a piece, tha-pshe'. I am bleeding, o°-wo°'-bi°.
I bit off a piece, he-be btha'-shpe. you are bleeding, wa-thi'-bi".
you bit off a piece, he-be shda'-shpe. bleeding cup, tse-he-we-ga-xu.
we bit off a piece, he-be o°-tha-shpa blemish (a), u-ga-lja.
i. blind, i°-shta'xi-dse.
bite something hard, tha'-sho". blindness (by snow), i°-shta' u-xta-da.
something hard, btha'-sho".
I bit blister (from use of tools), ga-da'-zhe.
you bit something hard, shda'-sho°. I blistered my hand with a tool,
we bit something hard, c-tha-sho" i. a'-da-zhe.

biter (a), wa-tha'-xta-ge. you bhstered your hand by a tool,
bitter (to the taste), i-u'-wa-pa; (2) tha'-da-zhe.
pa. we blistered our hands by tools,
bittern, shi-no^'-dse. o°-ga'-da-zha i.
bitterweed, mo°-hi°-pa. blister hands by hard work, ba-da'-

black, 5a' -be. zhe.
blackberries, wa-^ki'-the ca-be. I blistered my hands, sha'-ge pa-da-
blackberry, pe'-yto-gta. zhe.
67025—32 16
;
236 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY iBULL. 109
blister hands by hard work — contd. blue gray, to-ho-xo-dse.

you blistered your hands, sha'-ge blue jay, î-ta'-ni-ga.
shpa-da-zhe. blue racer, we'-ts'a-to-ho zhi-i-ga
we blistered our hands, sha'-ge (which see).
o°-ga'-ba-zha i. blunt (to) by burning, da'-shi-zhe.
blister for curative purposes, a'-da- board (a), no^-ha.
zthi°. The board is thin, no"' -ha kshe
blizzard (a), ba'-ga-sho-dse. bthe'-ka.
blocking (a narrow passage), a'-î- boast (to), lf:i-hi°'-xa.
pa-ts'u. I boast, a-ti'-hi°-xa.
blood, wa-bi°'. you boast, tha-î'-hi^-xa.
blood vessel, lj;o". we boast, o^-y'-hi^-xa i.
a throbbing blood vessel, ^c-bo'- boat (a), ba-dse'.
5i-5i. boat (of skin), ba-dse' ha.
blossom, xtha. bobcat (kitten), i-'-gtho" pa-ta.
blow (to) with the breath, bi-xo°.' bobwhite, sho^'-pa-gthe-ge; (2) sho"'-
I blew with my breath, pi'-xo°. pa-thu-ge.
you blew with your breath, shpi-xo"'. body, zhu'-i-ga.
we blew with our breath, o^-bi'-xo" i. body of a river, ni-u-ga'-gi.
blown (to be) by the wind, ga-hi'- boggy, ga-da'-dse.
tha. boil (to), a'-bi-xe.
Iwas blown by the wind, o°-a-hi-tha. boil (food), u'-ho" a-bi-xe.
you were blown by the wind, thi-a'- I boil food, u'-ho" a-pi-xe.
hi-tha. you boil food, u'-ho" a-shpi-xe.
we were blown by the wind, wa-hi'- we boil food, o"-bi'-xa i.
tha i. boil (a), the'-5ka-gthe.

blow (when striking), a'-kshi°-dse. boisterous, wa'gpa-zhi.
blow (turned aside), ga'-kshi^-dse. bond (a), wa-we'-no^-xe-to" (which see).
I struck a blow that glanced away, bones, wa-hi'.
a'-kshi^-dse. book, wa-gthe'-ge.
you struck a blow that glanced boots, ho°-be' stse-e.
away, tha'-kshi"-dse. bore (to), as a hole, u-thi'-k'u-dse.
we struck a blow that glanced away, I bore (a hole), u-bthi'-û-dse.
o^-ga'-kshi^-dsa i. you bore (a hole), u-stsi'-^'u-dse.
blowing of dust on a person, a'-ga- both, no"'-ku-wi".
hi-tha. bottle (a), u'-zhi to-ho; (2) o'-zhi-to-ho
blowing a wind instrument, bi-hu'- (which see),
to°. the bottle is full, o'-zhi to-ho tse
I blow (a flute), pi'-hu-to°. u-gi-pi.
you blow (a flute), shpi'-hu-to". bottom (at the), u-dse'-ta.
we blow (a flute), o°-bi'-hu-to° i. boughs, zho'i'-ga-xa.
blown off by the wind, ga-i'-a-xa. boundary, u-ki'-ho^-ge.
the blanket was blown off the baby, boundary lines, mo^-zho"' u-lji-ho"-
ha-xi"' tha tho° ga-i-a-xa i ha, ge.
zhi"-ga zhi°-ga ke. bounding, ki-a'-hi tha-tha.
blown over, ga-a'-lî-gtha-sho". boundless, u-ho"-ge thi^-ge.
the wagon was blown over, u-thi'- bow (for arrows), ini^'-dse (which see)
to^-tha ke ga-a-lp-gtha-sho". (2) mi°-tse.
blow whistle, bi-xo"' i-the-the (which bow string, mi^'-dse-ô" (which see).
see). bow making, mi^'-dse ga-xe.
blue (color), to'-ca-be. I am skilled in bow making, mi°'dse
blue cast, nearly blue, tu'-go°-tha. ga-xe pi-mo°.
bluebird, to'-ho-ho. bow (wooden), zho"' mi°-dse.
bluegrass, pe-yka zhu-dse. bowed (bent low), ba-mo^'-xe.
.
bowed (as heads), e'-ta pa-mo°-gthe. break (to) — continued.

bowed (as with heads over people), I broke the stick in two, zho°'-xa
a'-gi-pa-mc-gthe. ke bthi-xo°.
bowed head, pe-mo°-gthe. you broke the stick in two, zho°'-xa
bowl (wooden), hi»'-dse-pe; (2) zho"' ke stsi-xo°.
hi°-dse. break (to), xo^.
bowwood (yellow), zhc-gi' mi°-dse break (to) a string, ga-ba-xe.
hi. break (to) down, bi-xo°'.
Bow-wood Creek, Okla., Mi°'-dse- I broke it down, pi'-xo°.
5ta ga-xa (which see) you broke it down, shpi'-xo°.
boy, shi°'-tu zhi°-ga. we broke it down, o°-bi'-xo° i.
bozelder, zha'-be-ta-zho°. break (to) a string in half, thi-ba'-xe.
boxturtle, ke'-gthe-gse. I broke a string in two, bthi'-ba-xe.
brace (to), i-tha'-ba-ts'u. you broke a string in two, ni'-ba-xe.
I braced the tree, xtha-be tse zho° ke we broke a string in two, c-thi'-
i-tha-pa-ts'u. ba-xa i.
you braced the fence, nc'-â a-shpa- break (to) a wild horse, bi'-wa-shta-
ts'u ha. ge.
brag (to), î-hi°'-xa. I broke the wild horse, pi-wa-shta-
I brag, a-ki'-hi°-xa. ge.
you brag, tha-lji'-hi^-xa. you broke the wild horse, shpi'-wa-
we brag, o»-lii'-hi''-xa i. shta-ge.
braid (to), 50°; (2) ga-50°'-dse. break (to) a fence, a'-ba-ta ta-tha.
I braid, a-50"'. I broke the fence, a'-ba-ta a-ta-the.
you braid, tha-50°'. you broke the fence, a'-ba-ta tha-ta-
we braid, c-qo" i. the.
braided lariat, we'-thi"-^^. we broke the fence, a'-ba-ta o°-ga-ta
brain (the), %a,' we-thi-xthi. tha i.
branch (of a river), ga-xa. break (to) a shoe string, no^-ba'-xe.

the large branch of the river is I broke my shoe string, ho°-be'-to°
narrow, ga-xa' gtho°-the kshe a-no°-ba xe.
zhi°-ga u-bi' tho°-dse. you broke your shoe string, ho^-be'-
branch (of a tree; at top), zho°'-ga- ko° tha-gi-no" ba'-xe.
ha-xpa. break (to) off a piece, thi'-shpe.
brand as cattle, wa-da'-gthe-zhe.
(to), I broke off a piece, bthi'-shpe.
I branded the horse, Ija'-wa da'-gthe- you broke off a piece, ni'-shpe.
zhe a-gi the ha. breakfast, ga-50"' i°-xtsi wa-no°-bthe.
you branded the horse, lj:a'-wa the- breakneck, wa'-thu-sho°.
da'-gthe-zhe tha-gi the ha. breast (woman's), ba-ge; (2) mo^-ge'.
we branded the horse, â'-wa the da'- breast (turkey's), giu'-kamo^-hi^-zhu.
gthe zhe o"-gi tha i. breath (the), ni-o°'.
brass, mc'-ge-î. he breathes, ni'-o° a-ka.
brave (to be), wa-sho'-she.
breechcloth, hi'-tha-xa.
I am brave, o°-wo°'-sho-she.
breech-loading gun, wa-ho'-to°-the
3'ou are brave, wa-thi-sho'-she.
u-ba-xo°.
we are brave, we-wa-sho'-sha i.
bray (to), no°-ta'-to° a ho-to". breed (to), i'-ki-da-the.
break (to), ba-xo°'. I breed fine horses, i'-lji-da-the
I broke by pushing, pa'-xo°.

wa-pa-xe.
you broke by pushing, shpa-xo°. you breed fine horses, i'-lji-da-the
we broke by pushing, o°-ba'-xo° i.

wa-shka-xe.
I broke the stick, zho°'-xa ke pa-xo°. we breed fine horses, i'-y-da-the
you broke the stick, zho°'-xa ke o°-wo°-ga xa i.
shpa-xo°. briar (green), wa-xa'-ga tu-hu.

bridge (a), op'-she; (2) zho°'-ga-xo" bug (of any kind), wa-gthu'-shka.
(which see). buggy (a), (1) u-thi'-to°-tha; (2)
bridge (of the nose), pa-xu'-xe. u-thi'-to°-tha tsi-u-tha-ha.
bridlebit, (1) ga-dsi°' tha-pshe; (2) ga- build (to) a fire, a'-dse-the.
dsi"'-op-shc. I built a fire, a'-a-dse-the.
bridlerein, ga-dsi "'-op-she i-ljC'-the. you built a fire, a'-tha-dse-the.
bright (to make), bi-tse'-ga. we built a fire, o°-ga'-dse-tha i.
I made it bright, pi'-tse-ga. bull (a), tse'-gka do-ga.

you made it bright, shpi'-tse-ga. bullet (a), mo^'-ge-mo".
we made it bright, o"-bi'-tse-ga. bullfrog tse'-biu-lj'a to°-ga.
brighten (by rubbing), thi-gi'-hi. bumblebee, ni'-dse-gi to°-ga.
I brightened it, pi'-gi-hi. bunch, ba'-tse.
you brightened it, shpi'-gi-hi. bundles, wa-ba'-xte.
we brightened it, o°-bi'-5i-hi i. burden (a), wa-hi' o''-li:'i°.
bring (to) from home, a'-thi°-gthi. bureau, u-thu'-stsu-e.

I bring (something) from home, burn (to), da'-xthi".
a-bthi" a-gthi. burn in two, da'-ba-xe.
you bring (something) from home, I caused it to burn in two, da'-ba-xe
a-ni' tha-gthi. a-the.
we brought (something) from home, you caused it to burn in two, da'-ba-
o^-ga'-thi" o°-ga-gthi i. xe tha-the.

bristling, xa'-ga. we caused it to burn in two, da'-ba-xe
bristle (to), as a cat's tail, thi-bo'-xa. o°-tha i.
broad, btha'-tha; (2) gtho^-the. burn off the bark, da'-xthu-dse.
broadcloth, ha'-shda-ha. burn (to) away, da'-gi-ge.
broil (to), zhe'-gtho°. I caused it to burn away, da'-gi-ge
I broil (meat), zhe-a-gtho°. a-the.
you broil (meat), zhe'-tha-gtho°. you caused it to burn away, da'-gi-ge
we broil (meat), zhe'-o°-gtho° i. tha-the.
broiler (for meat), we'-zhiu. we caused it to burn away, da'-gi-ge
broken, gi-sho"'-tha. o°-tha i.
broken (in pieces), xo°'-xo°. burn (yellow), da'-gi-hi.
broom, we'-ga-dsu-xe (which see). burning of a house, tsi da thi^-ge.
broom (small), we'-ga-dsu-xe zhi°-ga. my house burnt up, tsi o°-da thi°-ge.
the Httle broom is worn, we'-ga-dsu- your house burnt up, tsi thi-da
xe zhi^-ga ke a-gi-pa thi''-ge he. thi°-ge ha.
broth, ta-ni'. burning bush (Euonymus ntrnpur-
brother (older), wi-zhin'-the. purea), ni-ni'-ba zho".
brother (oldest), i-zhi^'-the. burnt ground, da'-gu-da.
brother-in-law (a man's), i-ta'-ho°. burst (to) by falling, ga-btha'-ge.
brother-in-law (a woman's), i-shi'-
I burst the sack, ga-btha'-ge a-the ha
k'e.
u-zhi ha ke.
brushwood, ga-zhi^'-ga.
you burst the sack, ga-btha'-ge
buck (a), ta-to°'-ga zhi^-ga.
tha-the ha u-zhi ha ke.
Buck Creek, Okla., Ni-gkiu'-e ga-xa;
(2) Ta-to"'-ga ga-xa.
we burst the sack, ga-btha'-ge o°-tha
buckeye (a), ta-shka'-hi.

i u-zhi ha ke.
bucking (as a horse), bu'-ta-ta. burst (to) from heat, da'-btha-ge.

buffalo bull, wa-dsu-ta to°-ga. I burst it with heat, da'-btha-ge
buffalo cow, tse. a-the.
buffalo fish, hu-btha'-gka to°-ga. you burst it with heat, da'-btha-ge
buffalo hair, tse-hi". tha-the.
buffalo hide, tse-do'-ga xi" ha. we burst it with heat, da'-btha-ge
buffalo (white), tse'-^ka. o"-tha i.
bury (to), xa'-bi a; wa-xe'. butcher (to), pa'-dse.

I bury, a-xe'. I butcher, a-pa'-dse.
you bury, tha-xe'. you butcher, tha-pa'-dse.
bury a relative, gi-xe'. we butcher, o°-pa'-dsa i.
I buried a relative, u'-tha-de ki-the butcher bird, j°-cho°'-ga u-thi°-ge.
wi" a' -gi-xe. butchering, wa-pa'-dse.
you buried a relative, u'-tha-de Butler Creek, Okla., U-gu'-gtho"
ki-the wi" tha'-gi-xe. ga-xe.
butter, ba-ge'-ni we-gthi.
we buried a relative, u'-tha-de
butterfly, dsi-o°' dsi-o°.
ki-the wi° o^-gi-xa i.
butterfly (large), dsi°-tha to°-ga.
busy (to be), u'-wo".
owl butterfly, dsi-o"'-dsi-o° wa-po-ga.
I am busy, u'-o°-o°-wo° tsi.
buttocks, o°'-be.
you are busj% u'-o° u-thi tsi.
button (a), wa-hiu' zhi^-ga.
but (con].), tho°'-zha. buy (to), thi-wi"'.
I want to go but I have a sore foot, I buy, bthi'-wi".
bthe'-ko°-btha tho°-zha î o°-ni-e. you buy, ni'-win.
butcher, pa'-tse. we buy, on-thi'-wi" i.
cabbage, we'-thi-xthi-to"-ga (which cape (the wearing of), a'-ga-ha-mi.

see). I wear a cape, a'-ga-ha mi u-pa-ho°.
cactus, tse'-wa-xa-ga to°-ga. you wear a cape, a'-ga-ha-mi u-shpa-

Caddo Indians, Hi°-sha. ho°.
cake (sweet), wa-dsiu'-e gkiu-the we wear capes, a'-ga-ha-mi o°-gu-
(which see). ba-ho" i.
calamus (sweetflag), pe'-zhe btha- captive (a), da'-gthe (which see).
gka. carbuncle (a), the'-gka-gthe.
calf (of the leg), hi-zhu'. cards (playing), ta-no°'-ka-k'o°.
calf (the young of cow), tse-gka care for (to), as to tend, a'-lji-hi-de.
zhi"-ga. I cared for him, a'-a-lki-hi-de.
calico, ha-gka'. you cared for him, a'-tha-lji-hi-de.
call (to), bo". we cared it, o^'-ga-lji-hi da i.
for
call from a distance, gi'-bo". carpenter, zho°-ga-xe (which see).
call loudly, bo°-hu'-ga-gi. carpet, u-mi'-zhe.
I called loudly, a-hu'-ga-gi. I must have a new carpet, u-mi'-zhe
you called loudly, tha-hu'-ga-gi. tse-ga wi° ko"-btha.

we called loudly, o°-hu'-ga-gi i. carriage (a), u-thi'-to°-tha.
calling (of birds), ho'-to". carry (to), k'i°-
callous (hands), sha'-ge-thi-shu-ga. I carry, a-lj;'i°', or a-wa-k'i°.
calm (after a storm), u-thu'-btha-ge. You carry, tha-j^'i", or wa-tha'-lji".
camp (for a short time), a'-pa-ge. carry (to) with you, a'-shni; ha-gtha'-
Canadian River, Okla., Ni'-zhu-dse thi.
btha-tha. carry (to) for another, gi-k'i°.
candle, a'-da-li;o°-gthe. I carried his child, gi-^'i° a-tha i-ha,
cane (a), i'-ga-gthe. zhi°-ga zhi°-ga thi°-ke.
cantaloupe, i°-shta'-xi° ga-ljiu; (2) carrying, wa-Ij^'i".
ga-ljiu i°-shta-xi° i-ta. cartridge (a), ta-pa wa-gthu-shka

I like cantaloupe, i°-shta-xi° ga-ljiu e-go".
tha-tse o°-tha-gthi°. castor oil, we'-gthi-mo°-]jo°.
cap (a), pe-ga-gta; o'-gtho°-ge. cat, i°'-gtho°-ga.
captain, a'-Ici-da ga-hi-ge; (2) a'-î-da cat (wild), i^'-gtho^-gthe-zhe wa-tse-
wa-to°-ga. xe.
catch (to), u-thi"-ge. change (in plans), thi-e'-zhi.

I catch, u-bthi°'-ge. I made a change, bthi'-e-zhi.
you catch, u-ni'-ge. you made a change, ni'-e-zhi.
we catch, c-gu'-thi^-ga i. we made a change, o°-thi'-e-zhi i.
caterpillar, wa-gthu'-shka hi-'-shku-be to make a change in placing, thi-ho"'-

(which see). gi-the.
catfish, to'-?e; tu'-ge. Imade a change, bthi'-ho°-gi-the.
cattail (water plant), mi-ke'-the- you made a change, ni-ho°-gi-the.
stse-e; (2) wa-lce'-the. we made a change, c-thi-ho^-gi-
cattle (domesticated), tse'-gka. tha i.
cattle feed, tsc-gka wa-no^-bthe, or channel (of a river), ni-u'-thu-ga; (2)

wa-da'-gthe wa-no°-bthe. niu'-ga-ge.
cattle ranch, tse'-gka u-mo''-thi".
charcoal, non-xthe'.
cause (to do a thing), kshi the. charge (to make) on an enemy,
did you cause him to go homeP gthe'
ô°'-tha.
tha kshi-the a.
I charged on the enemy, a-lj:o°'-btha
yes, I caused him to go home, ho-we-
ha.
gthe a-kshi theo.
you charged on the enemy, tha-
cause to wear a necklace, no^'-pM"
ljo°'-shna ha.
kshi the.
I caused the woman to wear a
we charged on the enemy, o^-ô"'-
necklace, wa-lj'u wa-no^-p'i"

tha i ha.
to°
a-lji-the ha. charts, mo^-zho"' wa-gthe-ge.
cautious (be) (as spoken by older chase (to), thi-xe'.
persons), ga-ba'-bo. I chased him, bthi'-xe.

cautious (to be), ga-be'. you chased him, ni'-xe.
I am cautious, a-ga-be' ha. we chased him, o''-thi'-xa i.
you are cautious, tha-ga-be' ha. chase, as an animal, wa-thi'-xe.
we are cautious, o°-ga'-ba i.
cheap, thi-wi"' u-mo^-ka.
cave (a), mo''-sho'''-dse. cheap (easy to buy), wa-thi'-wi"
cavity (a) (roof of the mouth), iu'- u-mo°-lj;a.
thu-ga. the dress is cheap, wa-tse tho" thi'-
Cedar Creek, Okla., Xc-dse' hi ga-xe. wi° u-mo°-lja.
Cedar Hills, Kans., Xo°-dse' hi. cheat (to), wa-mo°'-xe-the.
cedar tree, xo°-dse hi. I cheated him, wa-mo°-xe-a'-the.
censure (to), ga-go°'. you cheated him, wa-mo°-xe'-tha-
I censure, a' -go", the.
you censure, tha'-go°. we cheated him, wa-mo^-xe-o"'-
we censure, o'^-ga'-go" i. tha i.
center (the), u-tho°'-da or u-^:o'''-gka. check (for obtaining money), ta-
center of waters, ni-u-to°-gka. no°'-k'a mo°-ge-gka.
center of a lake, dse u-ô°-gka. check (to), as a horse: u-thi'-do°.
centipede (a), ki'-tha-ha-pa-hi; (2) I checked the horse, ka'-wa u-bthi-
wa'-xto". do°.
I am afraid of centipedes, Ifi'-tha-ha- you checked the horse, ta'-wa u-
pa-hi no°-a-wa-pe ha. shni-do°.
cents, we-tha'-wa. we checked the horse, Ija'-wa o°-gu-
ceremony, u'-lj'o". thi-do° i.
certificate (gold), ta-no°-lj:'a-gi. check (to) the advance of, ba-a'-ge.

chain (an iron), mo°'-ge-u-lji-thu- Ichecked his advance, pa'-a-ge.
cha-ge. you checked his advance, shpa'-a-ge.
chair (a), a'-gthi°. we checked his advance, o-'-ba'-a-
chairman, a'-gthi^-gi-wa to°-ga. ga i.
,
LA FLESCHKj OSAGE DICTIONARY 241
checkers (game of), ba-xu'-e-t'o". chokecherry tree, gtho°-pa hiu {Pru-

I like to play checkers, ba-xu'-e- nus virginiana).
Yo" o°-tha-gthi° a tho. cholera morbus, i^-gthe'ni-gthu-ge.
you like to play checkers, ba-xu'-e- many people die of cholera morbus,
Ij'o" thi-tha-gthi° a tho. ni'-lja-shi-ga hiu ts'a bi a i°-gthe'-
we like to play checkers, ba-xu'-e- ni-gthu-ge o° bi a.
lj:'o° wa-tha-gthi° bi a. chop (to) as wood, zho°-ga'-ge.
cheek, the'-xo°-de. chop (down), ga-xi'-tha.
cheek bone, tha-no^'-ho" u-ba-zhu. I chopped down a tree, xtha-be' wi"
cheese, ba-ge'-ni 5a-gi. 'a-xi'-tha ha,
I Hke cheese, ba-ge'-ni ga-gi o"-qu. you chopped down a tree, xtha-be'
you like cheese, ba-ge'-ni ga-gi thi-gu. wi" tha-xi'-tha ha.
cherry, gtho°'-pa. we chopped down a tree, xtha-be'
I picked some cherries, gtho°'-pa wi° o"-ga-xi-tha i.
du-ba bthu-e he. choose (to) sides in a game, lj:i-pa'-hi.
Cherry Creek, Okla,, Zho°'-xo-dse Ichoose two men, ni'-â tho"-ba
u-gthi". wa-pa'-hi ta mi°-ke.
cherry tree, gtho°' pa hi. you choose two women, wa-k'u
chest (of a person), mo^'-ge. tho^-ba thi wa-ba-hi o.
chew (to), tha-shki'-ge; (2) tha-to°'- choose (to) the good, tha-gthi^-ge no"
ho''. ba-hi,
I chew, no^-ni'-hi btha-shki-ge. I choose the good, tha-gthi°-ge no"
you chew, no°-ni'-hi na-shki-ge. pa-hi.
we chew, no°-ni'-hi o»-tha-shki-ga i. you choose the good, tha-gthi^-ge
chickadee, pe'-sha-be zhi°-ga. no°-shpa-hi.
Chickasaw Tribe, Tsi'-ge-shi. we choose the good, tha-gthi^-ge
chicken (domestic fowl), giu-ka no° o"-ba-hi i.
zhi°-ga. chosen (selected), ba-hi xtsi,

chicken, ciu'-ka. church (a), wa-lj:o°'-da tsi (2) wi'-gi-e
chicken hawk, wa-zhi° a-to"-a. (which see)
tsi
chief, ga-hi'-ge.
I entered the church, wa-^c'-da tsi
childbirth, we'-da-the. tse u-wa-pe,
childless, we'-da-tha-zhi.
you entered the church, wa-ô°'-da
children, zhi°'-ga. tsi tse u-tha-pe.
children (to have), zhi^-ga'-to". we entered the church, wa-Vo°'-da
I have children, zhi^-ga'-a-to". tsi tse o°-gu'-pa i,
you have children, zhi^-ga'tha-to". we go to church on Sunday, wi-gi-e
we have children, zhi°-ga'-o''-wo°- tsi tse o°-ga-hi no" bi a, o^-ba-
to" i.
wa-lj;o°-da-gi tse dsi,
china cup, hi^'-dse be-shi°. cigarette, ta-no°'-k'a zhi°-ga.
china plate, hi^'-dse btha-tha; hi"'-dse
circle (a), a'-thi-gi-xe,
btha-xe.
circle (to), as turning around and
chinquapin (water), tse'-wa-the.
around, u-ki'-gthi-sho"-sho°.
chipmunk, ta-hno°'-ga-gthe-ge.
I turned around in a circle, u-wa'-ki-
choice, tha'-gthi" xtsi.
gthi-sho^-sho".
choicest (as society), ba-hi xtsi.
you turned around in a circle, u-tha'-
choke (to) when drinking, ni'-tha-
ki-gthi-sho "-sho".
xtho-dse.
choke on anything, wa'-tse.
we turned around in a circle, o"-gu'-
(to)
ki-gthi-sho°-sho» i.
I choke, o°-a'-tse.
you choke, thi-a'-tse. circus (a), u'-wa-do°-be,
I choked ou some bread, wa-bu'-gka city (a), to "-wo",

he-be c-tho" ga-tse ha. civil war, u-lj;i'-gthi-stse-ge lj;i-lj:i-zhi°.
042 BUREAU OP AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
clasp (to) in the arms, a'-dse. close (to) a door, a'-thi-do°.
I clasp, a'-a-dse. I closed the door, tsi-zhe a-bthi'-do".
you clasp, a'-tha-dse. you closed the door, tsi-zhe a-ni-do".
we clasp, o°-ga'-dsa i. we closed the door, tsi-zhe o"-ga-
claws (of an animal), sha'-ge. thi-do° i,
claws (of a bird), wa-zhi^'-ga sha-ge. close (to) a knife blade, u-thu'-gpe.
clay, mo"-thi'''-]â; (2) mo°-i'''-ka. clothes, we'-lji-gthi^-wi".
clay (red), mo"-thi"'-lj;a zhu-dse. I wash my clothes, we'-ki-gthi-wi°
clay (white), mo°-thi"'-ka gka. a-gthi-shki.
clay (yellow), mo''-thi'''-ka gi. you wash your clothes, we'-lj:i-gthi-
clean, do°-he'; (2) u'-fi-hi. wi° tha-gthi-shki.
clean (as to character), wa-Qi-hi, we wash our clothes, we'-ki-gthi-wi"
clean (to) a pipestem, ba-gu'-dse. o°-gthi-shki i.
I cleaned my pipe with a stick, pa'- clothing, wa'-tha-ha; ha' -the.

gu-dse. cloudless, wa'-gu.
you cleaned your pipe with a stick, cloudless day, ho"'-ba wa-gu.
shpa'-gu-dse. clouds, mc-xpi'.
we cleaned our pipes with a stick, cloudy, same as clouds,
o°-ba'-gu-dsa i. cloven, ba-zha'-ge; (2) zha'-ta.
cleanse (to), wa-gi-hi ga-xe. cloven foot, gi zha'-ta.
I cleanse,wa-5i'-hi a-l>;i-pa-xe. clubs (playing card), t'a'-zhi.
you cleanse, wa-gi'-hi tha-lj;i shka-xe. club (stone), i°'-pe-ga-gta.
we cleanse, wa-gi'-hi o°-ki ga-xa i. club (war), we'-a-xtha-dse.
cleanse by heat, da'-gi-ge. clump of grass, ba-tse'.
I cleansed it by heat, da'-gi-ge a-the. coal mine, no"-xthe' Ij'a bi.
you cleansed it by heat, da'-gi-ge coal shovel, no°-xthe' i-thu-ge.
tha-the. coals (live), pe'-dse gi-tse.
we cleansed it by heat, da'-gi-ge coat (a), a'-ga-ha-mi.
o"-tha i. cobweb (a), u-thi'-xi^-to".
clear, ga-gpe. cocklebur (of the burdock family),
the water is clear, ni-ke ga-gpe. tse'-wa-xa-ga (Arctium lappa).
clear sky, mo^'-xe tha-gthi". coffee, mo°-ô° ga-be.
clear statement (I make a), btha'- I spilled the coffee, mc-ko"' ga-be
wa-gka xtsi. tse a-xto".
clearing (as in a forest), u-xtha-be you spilled the coffee, mo^-ko"'
ga-shta'. ga-be tse tha-xto°.
clearing the ground of roots prepar- coffee bean, wa-xthe'-]t'o°-gi.
atory to planting, ba-thi°'-ge. coffee cup, mo°-lj:o"' ga-be u-tha-to°.
clergyman, wi'-gi-e nl-ka-shi-ga. coffee mill, ho' -we.
clerk (in a dry-goods store), wa-to""' coffeepot, tse'-xe-pa-hi wa-hiu'-sta.
u-no"-zhi". coflBn (a), o'-xe-ga-be.
clicking sound, thi-^:'a'-xe. coin (any kind), mo"'-ge-gka ga-gi.
climb (to) up a tree, a'-dse (see cold (to be), hni'-tse.
u-lfi-gthi-'-ge). I am cold, hni-o°-tse.
I climbed, a'-a-dse. you are cold, hni-thi'-tse.
you climbed, a'-tha-dse. we are cold, hui-a-wa-tsa i.
we climbed, c'-ga-dsa i. cold weather, hni'-wa-tse.

climber (a), zho°' a-dse. cold (severely), ni'-wa-tse i-gi-ha.
clock (a), mi'-u-tha-ge. cold (very), hni'-wa-tse wa-gthi".
my clock is small, mi'-u-tha-ge It is very cold in the North, hni'-
wi-ta tho" zhi^-ga. wa-tse wa-gthi" bi a, hni-wa-tse
close by, a'-shka. kshe ta ha.
closer to a person (as to sit), ga- coleslaw, we'-thi-xthi to°-ga ba-to-be.
thi^-kshe-ta-ha. collar bone, the'-shka wa-hiu.
LA FLESCHEl OSAGE DICTIONARY 243
collector (a), wa-thu'-5e. compensation. {See pay.)

colt (a), ka'-wa zhi"-ga. competent, da'-a-do''-be pi-o°.
columbine, mo"'-bi-xo° ga-be. complain (to), u'-tha-shi-ge.
Comanche Indian, Pa'-dc-â. I complain, u'-btha-shi-ge.
comb (a), pa-hi'-i-ga-gtha (which see). you complain, u'-shta-shi-ge.
come (to), tsi. we complain, o°-gu'-tha-shi-ga i.
I have come, u'-tsi. complete, wa-thi'-shto°; (2) sho°.

you have come, tha-tsi'. complicate (to), i'-lji-thi°.
we have come, o°-ga-tsi i. I complicated it, bthi i'-î-thi° pa-xe,
come (to) home, gthi. you complicated it, ni i'-ki-thi° shka-
I came home, a-gthi; I have come xe.
home, a-gthi a the. we complicated it, o^-thi i'-lj:i-thi»
you came home, tha-gthi; you have o"-ga xa i.
come home, tha-gthi a tho. complimentary, hi°'-xe.

we came home, o"-ga-gthi 1; we have comply (to), i'-gi-shto°.
come home, o^-ga-gthi a tho. I complied, i'-tha-gi-shto".
come (to) home often, gthi-ha'-ha. you complied, i-tha'-gi-shto°.
I come home often, i-gi'-ha a-gthi. we complied, o"-tho"-gi-shto° i.
vou come home often, i-gi-ha tha- compulsion (to force one to yield),
gthi. a'-hu-shi-ge.
we come home often, i-gi'-ha o°-ga- I forced him to yield, a'-a-hu-shi-ge.
gthi i. you forced him to yield, a'-tha-hu-
come (to) home running, he'-no°- shi-ge.
no^-ge. we forced him to yield, o"'-ga-hu-
come (to) this way, do'-da-gi-o. shi-ga i.
come (to) home after something, compute (to), tha-wa'.

a-gi'-gthi. I compute, btha'-wa.
I came home after something, a-pi'- you compute, shta'-wa.
a-gthi. we compute, o°-tha'-wa i.
you came home after something, conceal (to), a'-no°-xthe.

a-shki'-tha-gthi. I concealed it, a'-a-no^-xthe ha.
we came home after something, you concealed it, a'-tha-no°-xthe ha.
o^-ga-gi o°-ga-gthi i. we concealed it, o°'-ga-no"-xtha i.
He has come home after something conceit, u-zhu a'-ki-zhi°.
that belongs to him, a'-gtha-ge coneflower, ba-shta'. (For description
a-tsi a-tho. of use of this flower see ba-shta'
come (a command), gi-o. e-go".)
comely, u-ta'-?:a. confidence, xi-tha'.
comet, mi-ka'-lj;'e î^-dse stse-dse. I have no confidence in your ability,
command (to), a'-ga-zhi. wi-xi' btha ha.
I commanded him, a'-a-ga-zhi. you have no confidence in my ability,
you commanded him, a'-tha-ga-zhi. o"»-tha'-xi-shta.
we commanded him, o"'-ga-ga-zhi i. confluence, u-thi'-zho°-]ja.
command (a), wa'-ga-zhi. confuse (to), i'-ki-ni.
Commander, Do-do°' ho°-ga. confused, u'-k'o° wa-no°-tha zhi.
commerce, da' -do" we-thi-wi". I am confused, u'-lj:'o° a-wa-no°-tha
committee (a), u-ba'-lj'e Iji-gto. mo^-zhi.
commotion (a), k'o'-k'o. you are confused, u'-^'o° wa-tha-no°-
comparison, wa-we' ki-gtha gkc-the. tha zhi.
compassion, wa-tha'-lc'e-the. Congress (U. S.), IKi-^to'.
compel (to), a'-hu-shi-ge. congress (an assembly), tsi'-go-a-bi
I compelled him, a'-a-hu-shi-ge. î-?to.
you compelled him, a'-tha-hu-shi-ge. Congress is now sitting, tsi'-go-a-bi
we compelled him, o°'-ga-hu-shi-ga i. ki-5to a-ka a-hi gthi° a-ka e tho.
conscious, no°'-xe gka. convulsions, ts'e-tsi'-gthe.

consecrate (to), wa-xo'-be ga-xe. he fell in convulsions, ts'e-tsi'-gthe
I made sacred, wa-xo'-be pa-xe. to "-be ha.
you consecrated wa-xo'-be shka-xe.
it, cook (to), u-ho"'; (2) u-lji-ho".
we consecrated it, wa-xo'-be o°-ga- I cook, u-wa'-ho".
xa 1. you cook, u'-tha-ho".
consecutive, u-lfi-a' 'to°-to"; (2) u- cooked for him, dsu'-dse kshi-the.
wa'-to". cooked (well done), dsu'-dse.
consider (to), i'-thi-gthc; (2) a'-wa- cookstove, mo°'-ge wi-u-ho".
thi-gtho°. coot, a kind of sea duck, gtho°'-ge-
I consider, a'-wa-bthi-gtho°. shto".
you consider, a'-wa-shti-gtho°. copper, mo°'-ge zhu-dse.
we consider, o''-tho°'-thi-gtho° i. Bring me my copper kettle, mo°'-ge
constantly, shto". zhu-dse the-xe tse o"-tho°-thi"
he is constantly doing it, e-go° shto" gi o!
bi a. copperhead (snake), we'-ts'a zhu-zhu-
constipation, i°-gthe' u-da-ga-gi. dse (which see); (2) a'-thi° da'-ge
consume (to), no^'-bthe. wa-tha zhi.
contact (to put two objects in), copse, pa'-xpe.
i'-bi-5ta. coral-berry bush (Stjmphoricarpus
contagious, wa-dsiu'-ni a-î-c-the vulgaris), zho°'-gi hi zhi°-ga (which
u-mo°-ka. see).
contemplate, i'-thi-gtho°. cord (a), we'-thi°.
I contemplate going, bthe i-bthi- cork stopper, o'-zhu ô-ho u-tha-do".
gtho". corn (on the cob), ha'-ba.
you contemplate going, stse i'-stse- corn (dark colored), ha'-ba sha-be.
gtho". corn (white), ha'-ba gka.
we contemplate going, o°'-ga-the corn (blue), Indian, ha'-ba to-ho.
o°-tho°-thi-gtho° i. corn (pink), ha'-ba zhi-hi.
contempt for, i'-gi-wa-gthi". corn (yellow transparent), ha'-ba
I have contempt for him, i-tha'-gi gi-ljo° pa-gi.
wa'gthi". corn (red), ha-ba zhu-dse.
you have contempt for him, i'-tha-gi corncob, ha'-ba hi.
wa-gthi". I make a fire of corncobs, ha'-ba hi
we have contempt for him, o°-tho°'- pe'-dse i-pa-xe he.
gi wa-gthi° i. corncrib, ha'-ba tsi.
contemptible, i'-gi-wa-the. the corncrib is full, ha'-ba tsi ke
contemptuous, u'-i stse. u-gi-pi ha.
contend (to) in a fight, a'-lji-tha. corner (a), u-ga'-gu.
I contend, a'-a-ki-btha. corner of a house, tsi' da-ge u-ba-gu.
you contend, a'-tha-lji-na. four cornered, ba-xu'-du-ba.
we contend, o"'-ga-l?i-tha i. corn meal, wa-dsiu' e-shto^-ga.
contiguous, ba-gkiu; (2) u-ga'-lj:i-ba. corn shelling, wa-thi'-shpi.
contrary, a'-ho-pshe. corn silk, wa-tha'-pshe zho°-zho''.
contribute (to), da'-do° ga-the. cornstalk, ha'-ba no°. Among the
I contribute, da'-do° pa-the. Indians this refers to a fully
you contribute, da'-do° shka-the. grown stalk.
we contribute, da'-do° o"-ga-tha i. corpse (a), ts'e kshe.
contributor (a), wa-ga'-the a-ka. corral (a), ta-gka' a-ba-ta.
controversy (a), i-'e u-lfi' pa-zhi; correct, wa'-ga-gu.
(2) da'-a-lî-lji. corrupt (spoiled), o'-tho-to° a-zhi.
controvert (to), da u-i-e. corrupt (to), thi-ho°'-zhi.
convene (to), Iji-gthi'-thi-gki. costume, we'-lji-gthi-wi".
conversation (a), u-Vi'-lj:i-e. cotton, ta-gka' hi°.
.
Cottonwood tree, ba'-^'a hi {Populus cover (to) up an object, a'-ga-^pe.

sargentii) I covered up the object, a'-a-ga-gpe.
couch (a), a'-zho°. you covered up the object, a'-tha-

cough (to), hu'-xpe. ga-5pe.
I cough, hu-a'-xpe. we covered up the object, o°-ga-ga-
you cough, hu-tha'-xpe. gpai.
we cough, hu'-o°-xpa i. covet (to), gi'-go°-tha.
council, Ijî-gto'. I covet, e'-ko°-btha.
count (to), tha-wa. you covet, the shko°-shta.
I count, btha-wa. cow (a), tse'-gka mi-ga.
you count, shta'-wa. coward, u-ni'-zhi°.
we count, o°-tha'-wa i. cowardly, xtha'-xtha.
counters, we' -tha-wa. Cow Creek, Okla., U-ko-^'-gthe.
counting, wa' -tha-wa. coyote (a), sho'-mi-ka-gi.
I am counting, wa-btha'-wa. crack (to), xthe'-ge.
you are counting, wa-shda'-wa. I cracked it, a'-xthe-ge.
we are counting, o°-wo°'-tha-wa i. you cracked it, tha'-xthe-ge.
country, mo^-zho"'. we cracked it, o^-ga'-xthe-ga i.
courage, wa-zhi'^'-to^'-ga. crack (to) stones or pottery, ba-

courage (full of great), wa-zhi°' u-tsi. xthe'-ge.
constant courage, wa-zhi^'-ste-dse. I cracked the pottery, pa'-xthe-ge.
courageous, wa-sho'-she. you cracked the pottery, shpa'-
I am courageous, o°-wo"'-sho-she. xthe-ge.
you are courageous, wa-thi'-sho'-she. we cracked the pottery, o°-ba'-
we are courageous, we-wa-sho'-sha i. xthe-ga i.

course (a), as of a stream, u-zho^'-ge. crack (to) glass, ga-xthe'-ge.
crack (to) nuts, ga-xi'-xe.
court (a), ki-gto'.
cracked (being), btho"-xe'.
court (legal), i'gtha-no" lj:i-5to'
cracker (a), wa-dsiu'-e-xu-xu-xe.
(which see).
crackle (to), tsi-zhe'.
court (to), ki-gthi'-gtho°; (2) thi-
cradle board, u-thu'-pshe.
gtho"'.
crafty (tricky), u'-wa-mo°-xe-the.
I court, bthi-gtho" (m. sp.).
cramp (a), thi-lju'-ge.
you court, shni'-gtho".
I have a cramp, o"'-thi-ku-ge.
we court, o"-thi'-gtho° i.
you have a cramp, thi'-thi-ku-ge.
courthouse, Ijii-gto' tsi. we have a cramp, wa-thi'-ku-ga i.
cover (to) up, a'-ga-xa-dse. cranberry, wa-gkiu'-the zhu-dse.
I covered it up, a'-a-ga-xa-dse. crane, long-legged and long-necked
you covered it up, a'-tha-ga-xa-dse. bird, pe-to°.
we covered it up, o°'-ga-ga-xa-dsa i. crane (gray), pe'-to° xo-dse.
cover (to) with dirt, using a spade, crane (sandhill), pe-to" hiu-stse dse.
a'-ba-^'u. crane (white), pe-to° gka.
I use a spade to cover with dirt, cranium, we'-thi-xthi wa-hi.
a'-pa-]^'u. crank for turning, we-u'-thi-mo°.
you use a spade to cover with dirt, crank (a person), ts'e'-ga.
a'-shpa-^'u. crash (to), ga-po'-î-o"-he.
we use a spade to cover with dirt, I crashed it, a'-po-tî-o°-he.
c'-ga-ba-^'u i. you crashed it, tha'-po-î-o^-he.
cover (to) with dirt, using the foot, we crashed it, o°-ga'-po-i:i-o''-ha i.
a'-no°-k'u. crave (to), go°'-tha wa-gthi".

I used my foot to cover with dirt, I have a craving for cucumbers,
a'-a-no°-k'n ha. ku-ku'-ma ô°-btha wa gthi-^.

you used your foot to cover with you crave sugar, zho°-ni shko°-shda
dirt, a'-tha-no^-^'u. wa-gthi°.
.
craven, u-ui'-zhi". crestfallen, gi-gu-zhi.

crawfish, mo^'-shko" (which see). I am crestfallen, o°-gu mo°-zhi.
crawl (to), mi°-dse'. you are crestfallen, thi-gu a-zhi.
crawl (to) under a fence, ba-xthu'- we are crestfallen, wa-gu ba-zhi i.
the. crevice, i'°'-u-stse-ge.

I crawl under the fence, ba-xthu- The flower grew in the crevice,
bthe. xtha-gka a-ka i'"' u-stse-ge tse tsi
you crawl under the fence, ba-xthu- u-i bi a.
stse. crib (a baby's), a'-zho°-go°-go°-tha.
crawl (to) upon, a'-mi-de. cricket (a), wa-gthu'-shka ga-be; (2)
I crawled upon it, a'-a-mi-de. da-da'-ge ga-be.
you crawled upon it, a'-tha-mi-de.
crime, wa-we'-gtha-nc.
we crawled upon it, o"'-ga-mi-da i.
criminate (to), wa-we'-gtha-no"
crazy, ts'e-ga.
a-gtha.
creak (to), as a loose board, thi-gi'-
crimson, zhu'-dse-sha-be.
dse.
Imade a creaking sound, bthi'-gi-dse. cringe (to), wa-thi'-bthi-bthi-xe.
you made a creaking sound, ni'-gi- I cringe, zhu-ga o°'-thi-bthi-bthi-xe.

dse. you cringe, zhu-ga thi'-thi-bthi-
we made a creaking sound, o"-thi'-
bthi-xe.
gi-dsa i.
we cringe, zhu-ga wa-thi-bthi-bthi-
cream, ba-ge'-ni-we-gthi. xa i.
I like cream on fruit, ba-ge'-ni
cripple (a), wa-l>;i'-gthi-ts'a-ge.
we-gthi wa-gki-the i-da-be o^-gu. criticism, u-i'-e.
you like cream on fruit, ba-ge'-ni criticize, u-i'-e.
we-gthi wa-gki-the i-da-be thi-gu. croak (a), ka'-xe ho-to°.

crease (a), bi-xo"'.
crockery (of any kind), mo°-i°'-ka
hi'i-dse.
crease (to), bi-xo"'.
I creased it, pi'-xo°. crone (a), wa-k'o'zhi^-ga.
you creased it, shpi'-xo". crony, i-û'-tha.

we creased it, o^-bi'-xo" i.
crook (a), wa-mo^'-xe-the-shto".
Creation Da'-dc-ga-ni
(the), mo"- crooked, thi'-shi-zhe; (2) shto'-zha; (3)
gthe tha bi-gi (which see) ba-sho".
Creator, Wa-ko"'-da. the stick is crooked, zho° xa ke
creatures, wa-dsu'-ta. shto'-zha.
credence, wi°'-ke a-zhi°, I made the stick crooked, bthi'-shi-
credit, wa-thu'-ge ^'i. zhe.
creditor, wa-thu'-ge wa-k'i a-ka. you made the stick crooked, ni'-thi-
creek, ga-xa'. shi-zhe.
Creek Indians, Mo^-shko'-ge. we made the stick crooked, o^-thi'-
creep (to), mi°-dse. shi-zha i.
creep (to) on a log, a'-mi-de. Crooked Lake, Dse'u-ga-gi-xe (which

I crept on the log, zho" ke a'-a- see).
mi-de ha. croppy (white fish), ho-gka'.
you crept on the log, zho" he a'-tha- cross (n.), ts'a'-zhi.
mi-de ha. cross (to) over tracks, a'-gi-thi-ta.
we crept on the log, zho° ke c'-ga- cross (to) a ford, ni-u'-thi-tse.
mi-da i. I crossed the ford, ni-u'-thi tse tse
creep (to) stealthily, gtha'-de. bthi tse.
cremation, wa-ts'e da-thi''-ge ga-xe you crossed the ford, ni-u'-thi-tse tse
(which see). ni tse.
creosote, hi-ni'-e mo°-ô° (which see), we crossed the ford, ni-u'-thi tse tse o»
crescent (a), mi'-o"-ba a-thi-ge-zhe. thi-ta i.
LA FLESCHEj OSAGE DICTIONARY 247
cross (to be), u-xthc-shto". cry (to) for something — continued,
I am cross, a-xtho^'-shto". you cry for something, da-do" a'-
you are cross, tha'-xtho^-shto". tha-xa-ge.
we are cross, o^-xtho^'-shto". we cry for something, da-do" o^-ga-
crosscut saw, zho°-i'-ba-<;e. xa-ga i.
crouch, bi-Qpe'. cry (to) from being hit, ga-xa'-ge.
I crouched, bi-fpe' a-zho°. I cried when hit, o°-wo° ti° i-go"
you crouched, bi^pe' tha-zho". a-xa'ge.
we crouched, bi-gpe' o°-zho" i. you cried when hit, u-thi ti" i-go"
croup, hu'-xpe-o". tha-xa-ge.
crow, â'-xe. we cried when hit, u-wa ti" e-go"
Crow Tribe (Indians), Pe-ga go^-dsi. o°-ga-xa ga i.
crowd (a), a'-mi-xe. cry (to) from being kicked, no"'-

crowded, u-bi'-gc-dse. xa-ge.
crown of the head, ta-xpi'. I cried when kicked, a-nc'-xa-ge.
crucifix, ts'a-zhi. you cried when kicked, tha-no"'-
cruel, u'-k'o" pi-zhi; (2) wa-tha-k'e- xa-ge.
tha-zhi. cry of birds, ho'-to°.
I am cruel, wa-tha'-lj:'e a-tha mo°- cuckoo (yellow-billed), zhi' -hi tc-ga.
zhi. cucumbers, ko-ko'-ma.
you are cruel, wa-tha'-lj:'e tha-tha zhi. do you like cucumbers? ko-ko'-ma
crumble, ta-tha'. thi-gu a(?)
crumbs, tha-zho'-tha. yes, I like cucumbers, ha-we, ko-ko'-
crunch (to), iu-tha'-btho^-ge. ma o°-gu.
crunched, u-tha'-btho°-xe. culprit, wa-we'-gtha-no° thi^-kshe.
crunching sound when chewing cultivate (to), u'-we-ga-xe tha-gthi";
food, tha-btho"'-btho"-Qe. (2) we'-k'o"; (3) i'-k'o°.
crupper, gi^-dse o^-he; (2) gi^'-dse I cultivate, i-tha'-k'o".
u-o°-he. you cultivate, i'-tha-k'o°.
crush (to) with the hands, thi-du'- we cultivate, o^-tho^'-^'o" i.
xe. cultivation, i'-li'o°.

I crush with my hands, bthi'-du-xe. cup (drinking), ni'-i-tha-to°; tse-he
you crush with your hands, ni'-du-xe. zhi"-'a.
we crush with our hands, o°-thi'-du- cup (tin), tse'-xe-gka.
xa i. cup (small china), hi^'-dse-e zhin-ga.
crush (to) with the teeth, tha'-xtho°- cupboard, hi"'-dse pe u-zhi.
zhe. curious, wa-we'-won-xe shto°.
I crush with my teeth, btha'-xtho°- curlew (the), to°-i°' (which see).
zhe. curlew (long-billed), to°-i° pa-stse-e;
you crush with your teeth, shta'- (2) ki'-lô" to^-ga.
xtho°-zhe. currency, ta-nc-k'a to-ho.
we crush with our teeth, o^-tha'- current (as of water), ni-u-ga'-gi.
xtho»-zha i. currycomb, ka'-wa-i-ga-pshe.
I crushed the cake, wa-dsu-e gki-the bring me
a currycomb, ka'-wa-i-ga-
tho" 'a-xtho°-zhe. pshe wi° o°-thi" gi o!
you crushed the cake, wa-dsu-e curse (to), i'-e-pi-zhi ga-xe; wa-gtho"'-
gki-the tho° stsi-xtho°-zhe. gtho°.
crust on bread, a'-da-ga-gi kshe. I curse, a-gtho^'-gtho".
crustation, u'-a-da-ga-ge. you curse, tha-gtho"'-gtho°.
crutch, i'-ga-gthe u-gthe. we curse, o^-gtho^'-gtho" i.
cry (to) for something, da-do" curtain (a), u-ga'-ho°-ba i-gi-the.

a-xa-ge. I want new curtains, u-ga'-ho°-ba
I cry for something, da-do" a' -a-xa-ge . i-gi-the tse-ga ô°-btha.
curved (as horns), ba-shi'-zhe. cut (to) into strips, ba'-stse-stse-ge.

curved inwardly, u-k'a-be. I cut into strips, ha-tho° ba'-a-stse-
cushion (a), i'-be-hi". stse-ge.
I have a red cushion, i'-be-hi" you cut into strips, ha-tho" ba'-tha-
zhu-dse wi" a-bthi". stse-stse-ge.
you have a black cushion, i'-be-hi" we cut into strips, ha-tho° o''-ba'-
(;a-be wi" a-shni. stse-stse ga i.
we have a large cushion, i'-be-hi" cut (to) across grain, ba'-xo".
to"-ga wi" o^-ga-thi" i. Icut across the grain, pa'-xo°.
cuspidor (a), i'-xthi-u-tu. you cut across the grain, shpa'-xo°.
custodian, da-we-gi'-do°-be. we cut across the grain, o°-ba'-xo° i.
custody (to hold in), u-thi^'-ge cut (to) a long piece, ga-da' -da-pa.
a-dc-be. cut (to) in a circle, ga-wi°.
custom (habit), u'-k'o"; u-shok". cut (to) with a striking blow, ga-ge'.
custom (usage), e'-gi-C-no". I cut his face with a blow, i^-dse'
customarily, no", tho"* 'a-ge gthe.
cut (a), o'-ba-xo". you cut his face with a blow, i°-dse
cut (to) the hair, a'-ba-shda. tho" tha-ge gthe.
cut (to) the skin, a'-gu. we cut his face with a blow, i^-dse
I cut my skin, ha-tho° a-gi'-gu. tho° o°-gz-ga gtha i.
you cut your skin, ha-tho° tha-gi'-gu. cut (to) grass short, ga-shda'.
we cut the skin, ha-tho° o^-gi-gu i. I cut the grass short, a'-shda.
cut (to) grass, a-no"'-ge. you cut the grass short, tha'-shda.
I cut the grass, a'-a-no^-ge. we cut the grass short, o°-ga'-
you cut the grass, a'-tha-no°-ge. ehda i.
wecut the grass, o^'-ga-no^-ga i. cut (to) by accident, ga-shpe.

cut (to) meat close to the bone, I cut by accident, a'-shpe.
it
a'-pa-k'e. you cut it by accident, tha'-shpe.

cut (to) a cord with a knife, ba'- we cut it by accident, o°-ga'-shpa i.
ba-xe. cut (to) in single strips, ga-stse'-ge.
I cut a cord with a knife, ba'-a-ba-xe. I cut a single strip, a-stse'-ge.
you cut a cord with a knife, ba'-tha- you cut a single strip, tha'-stse-ge.
ba-xe. we cut it in single strips, c-ga'-stse-
we cut a cord with a knife, ba'-o"- ga i.
ba-xa i. cut (to) in small pieces, ga-xthe'-

cut (to) round like a ball, ba' -da-pa. xthe-ge.
I cut it round, ba'-a-da-pa. I cut it in small pieces, a'-xthe-
you cut round, ba'-tha-da-pa,
it xthe-ge.
we cut it round, ba'-o°-da-pa i. you cut in small pieces, tha'-xthe-
cut (to) as when butchering, ba'- xthe-ge.
tha-ge. we cut in small pieces, o^-ga'-xthe-
cut (to) in half, ba'-tho^-ba-ha. xthe-ga i.
cut (to) the finger, ba'-gi-xe. cut (to) wood

for another, gi'-ge.
I cut my finger, ba'-a-gi-xe. I cut wood for him, a-gi'-ge.
you cut your finger, ba'-tha-gi-xe. you cut wood for him, tha-gi'-ge.
we cut our fingers, o^-ba'-gi-xa i. we cut wood for him, o°-gi'-ga i.
cut (to) in pieces, ba'-shpa-shpa. cut (to) with a knife, i'-ba-ge.
I cut it in pieces, pa-shpa'-shpa. I cut with a knife, i-pa-ge.
you cut it in pieces, ba'-tha-shpa- you cut with a knife, i'-shpa-ge.
shpa. we cut with a knife, C-tho"'-
cut (to) a piece out, ba'-shpe. ba-ga i.
I cut a piece out, ba'-a-shpe. cut (to) by shooting, bu-ge.

you cut a piece out, ba'-tha-shpe. I cut it by shooting, bu'-a-ge.
we cut a piece out, c-ba-shpa i. you cut it by shooting, bu' -tha-ge.
cut (to) with scissors, thi-ge'. cut (to) in thin slices — continued,
I cut it with scissors, bthi'-ge. j'ou cut it in thin slices, shpa'-bthe-
3'ou cut it with scissors, ni'-ge. ka.
we cut it with scissors, o^-thi'-ga i. cut in short pieces, ga-da-da-pa.
(to)
cut (to) notches in wood, ba'-fa- I cut the log in short pieces, a' -da-
k'a-be. da-pa.
I cut notches in wood, ba'-a-lf'a- you cut the log in short pieces, tha-
Ij'a-be. da-da-pa.
you cut notches in wood, ba'-tha- we cut the log in short pieces, o "-ga-
If'a-^'a-be. da-da-pa i.
we cut notches in wood, o°-ba'-t'a- cutlass (a), mo°'-hi° to°-ga.
If'a-ba i. cutlet (a), ba-gno'-tha-gthi°.
cut (to) in thin slices, ba-bthe'-lja. cycle (a), tse-the'-a-gthi°.
I cut it in thin slices, pa'-bthe-â. cyclone, zho^-bi'-gu-ge.
D
dabster (a), wa-pi-o"'. dawn (early morning), ga-go^'-i"-
dagger (a), mo°'-hi°-pa-gi-go-be. xtsi.
daily, ho°'-ba ga-ni; (2) o°'-ba i-gi-ha. The birds sing in the early morning,
dainty, tha'-gthi" xtsi. ga-go°'-i°-xtsi wa-zhi^-ga a-ba hu-
dale (a), u-k'u'-be zhi"-ga. to° shno° bi a.
dam (a), as a beaver makes, ni'-a- day, ho"'-ba.
ba-ta. day (the last day), ho°'-ba-ha-she tse.
damage, thi-pi'-zhi; ga-go°'. when it is day, ho°'-ba-î.
damp, do'-ka; (2) tsi". this day, ho^'-ba the-ga.
the grass is damp, xa'-de ke do'-lâ. there a day of reckoning for every-
is
damsel, shi'-mi zhi^-ga. body, ho^'-ba wa-gi-tha-de wi"

dance (to), wa-tsi'. e-dsi a-ka ni-ka-shi-ga ga-ni.
dance some one, a'-wa-tsi.
(to) for daylight, a'-ho°-ba; (2) ho°'-ba gka.
I dance for you, a-a-wa-tsi. dead (as grass), xe'-ga.
you dance for him, a-tha-wa-tsi. deaf, no^-xn'-dse xe-ga.
we dance for him, o°-ga-wa-tsi i. I am deaf, no°-xu'-dse o^-xe-ga.
dandruff, we'-thi-xthi k'i'-tha. you are deaf, no°-xu'-dse thi xe-ga.

danger, no°-pa'-wa-the. death (from natural causes), i'-ts'e.
dangers, tse-xi. debenture, wa-we'-no°-xe-to°.

dark (as a color), sha'-be. debt (a), wa-thu'-ge.
dark suddenly, sha-be tsi-gthe. decade (a), u-mo^'-i" ka gthe-btho"
daughter, i-zho°'-ge. hie-no°.
firstdaughter, mi'-na. decapitate (to), pa'-thi-ba-xe.
second daughter, wi'-he. I decapitate, pa-thi-pa-xe.
third daughter, q-gi°'-ga. (See gi- you decapitate, pa-thi-shka-xe.
ge.) we decapitate, pa-thi-o°-ba-xa i.
fourth daughter, a-gi° zhi^-ga. decease (to depart from life), ts'e.
daughter-in-law, i-tsi'-ni. deceit, wa-mo^'-xe-the.

my daughter-in-law, wi-tsi'-ni. deceive (to), mo°-xe'-the.
dauntless, wa-sho'-she. I deceived him, mo°-xe' a-the.
I am dauntless, a-wa-sho'-she; (2) you deceived him, mo°-xe'-tha-the.
o°-wo° sho'-she. we deceived him, mo°-xe' o°-tha i.
you are dauntless, wa-thi'-sho-she. December, Wa-ga'-be we-da-tha-bi;
we are dauntless, wa-wa'-sho-sha i. (2) Wa-ga'-'e we-da-tha-bi.
dawn, u'-ga-go^-thi". decency, da'-tha-gthi°.
dawn ^ (beginning of day), ho°'-ba decent, do"'-he.
u-ga-go°-ho". deception, u'-wa-mo°-xe-the.
.
decide (to), make up one's mind, deerskin — continued

u-thu'-do°-be. we stretched the deerskin, ta-ha'
I have decided, u-thu'-tc-be bthi tho° o°-gthi-zhi° i.
shto". defamation, tha-ho°'-zhi.

j'ou have decided, u-thu'-shtc-be defame (to), tha-be'-gi-the; (2) tha-
ni shto°. hc'-zhi.
we have decided, o°-tho"'-gu-do°-ba I defame, btha'-be-gi-the.
i 0° thi shto". you defame, shna'-be-gi-the.
decide (to), i'-thi-gtho° thi-shto». we defame, o°-tha'-be-gi-tha i.
I have decided to go, i'-bthi-gtho° default (in paying a note), wa-

bthi-shto" ha bthe-ta-te. thu'-ge u-xtha-zhi.
you have decided to go, i'-ni-gtho" defaulter (a), wa-thu'-ge u-xtha-zhi
ni-shto° ha shne ta-te. a-ka.
decide (to) for another, i'-gi-thi- defeat (to), da'-ge.
gtho". I defeated him, a-da-ge.
deck as to trim, we'-ljii-gthi-wi"
(to), you defeated him, tha'-da-ge.
ktsi'-xe (which see).
we defeated him, o^-da-ga i.
declaim (to), lî-^to'-i-e. defeat (to), u-hi'.
decomposed, do-zha'-the; (2) xthi-ba- I defeated him, u-wa'-hi.
the.
you defeated him, u-tha'-hi.
decorate (to) one's self, u-ta'-ga
we defeated him, o"-gu'-hi i.
ki-the.
defective, he' -be ho°-zhi; (2) wa'-thu-
I decorate myself, u-ta'-ga a-ki-the.
to° a-zhi.
you decorate yourself, u-ta'-ga tha-
defend (to), u-thu'-ki.
ki-the.
I defended him, u-thu'-wa-ki.
we decorate ourselves, u-ta'ga o"-ki-
you defended him, u-thu'-tha-ki.
tha i.
we defended him, o°-tho"'-gu-ki i.
decreased (in numbers), thi°-ge'
defendant (in a lawsuit), u-thi°-ga
a-hi a-ka.
bi a-ka.
decree (a), da' -do" a-gi-tha-da.
defer (to), pi'-gthe.
decry (to), tha-tho"' a-zhi.
I defer, pi-a'-gthe.
I decry, btha'-tho" mC-zhi.
you defer, pi'-tha-gthe.
you decry, shta'-tho° a-zhi.
deference, a'-xo-be; a'-ki-xo-be.
we decrj', o"-tho°'-tha ba-zhi i.
defiance, a'-ki-tha tse; (2) u'-tho°
deduct, do'-ba o°-tha.
a-zhi.
deed (to transfer property), u'-we-
defile (to), ga-go".
to°-i° ga-xe (which see).
I deed the property, u'-we-to° i°
defilement, thi-pi'-zhi.
pa-xe. defraud (to), mo°-xe'-the.
you deeded the property, u'-we-to°-i" I defrauded, mo°-xe-a'-the.

shka-xe. you defrauded, mo°-xe'-tha-the.
wc deeded the property, u'-we-to''-i°
defunct, ts'e.
o'l-ga-xa i.
deify (to), tha-wa-ljo°-da.
I deify, btha'-wa-ljo"-da.
deep (as water), shku'-be.
deepen (to), shku'-be ga-xe. you deifj', sda'-wa-ljo°-da.
I deepen, shku'-be pa-xe. we deify, o°-tha'-wa-ô°-da i.
you deepen, shku'-be shka-xe. deject (to be dejected), ^:i-xi'-tha.
we deepen, shku'-be o°-ga-xa i. I am dejected, a-lji'-xi-btha.

deer, ta; wa'-dsu-ta zhi°-ga. you are dejected, tha-ki'-xi-shta.
deerskin, ta-ha'. we are dejected, o°-î'-xi-tha i.
I stretched the deerskin, ta-ha' tho° Delaware Creek, Okla., Wa'-ba-ni-
a-gthi-zhi°. ka ga-xa.
you stretched the deerskin, ta-ha' Delaware Tribe (Indians), Wa'-ba-
tho° tha-gthi-zhi". ni-y.
delay, gi'-tse-gi-the. density, same as dense.

I delayed, gi'-tse-gi the tse. dent (to), ba-shku'-shku-da.
you delayed, gi'-tse the ga the tse. I dented it, pa-shku-shku-da.
we delayed, gi-tse-gi the to° i. you dented it, shpa'-shku-shku-da.
deliberate (to), a'-\va-thi-gtho°. we dented it, o^-ba'-shku-shku-da i.
I deliberated, wa-bthi'-gtho". dentist, hi'-gi-ga-xe.
you deliberated, wa-ni'-gtho". I am going to the dentist, hi'-gi-ga-xe
we deliberated, o"-wo"'-thi-gtho" i. a-ka dsi bthe ha.
delicate, tha'-gthi° xtsi. you must go to the dentist, hi'-gi-ga-
delicacy, u'-wa-no°-bthe tha-gthi". xe a-ka dsi mo°-thi" o.
delicious, tha-tse' tha-gthi°. we are going to the dentist's,
deliver (to), gi'-gtha-she. o°-ga-tha i hi-gi-ga-xe a-ka dsi.
I deliver, a-gi'-gtha-she. dentition, hi'-u-i.
you deliver, tha-gi'-gtha-she. deny (to), wa-gi'-zha.
we deliver, o°-gi'-gtha-sha i. I deny it, a-wa'-gi-zha.
deliver (to) a message, wa-mo°'-thi". you deny it, wa-tha'-gi-zha.
I go to deliver a message, wa-mo°- we deny it, o°-wo"'-gi-zha i.
thi° bthe. depart (to), wa-hi'-o°.
you go to deliver a message, wa-mo"'- I departed, a-wa'-hi-o°.
thi" stse. you departed, wa-tha'-hi-o°.
delivery, da'-do° a-thi° hi. we departed, o°-wo"'-hi-o" i.
dell (a), u-ku'u'-be zhi°-ga. depend (to) on, i'-gi-no°-zhi°,
delude (to), mc-xe'-the. Idepend on him, i-tha'-gi-no^-zhi".
I delude, mo^-xe-a'-the. you depend on him, i'-tha-gi-no°-
you delude, mo°-xe'-tha-the. zhi".
deluge (a), ni-do°' to°-ga. I depend on you, i'-wi-gi-no"-zhi°.
delusion, u'-wa-mo"-xe-the. I depended on him, u-thu'-wa-no"-
demand (one's own), da'-do° i-ta zhi".
gi-da. dependable, wa'-thu-to°.
Idemand, da' -do" a-gi-da. deponent, wa-we'-ba-ho°.
you demand, da' -do" tha-gi-da. depopulate, mo^-zho"' thi°-kshe ni-
we demand, da'-do° o"-gi-da i. lj;a-shi-ga thi°-ge ga-xe (which see).

demarcation, u-ki'-ho°-ge. deportment, o'-tho-to° a-ki-gtha-thi °.
the demarcation is deep, u-ki'-ho°-ge depose (to), ga-hi'-o°-gi o°-tha.
ke wa-to°-i°. depot (a), o-ba'-no°-the.
demeanor, o'-tho-to° a-ki-gtha-thi". depraved, o-tho-to° a-zhi.
demented, ts'e-ga. a depraved man, ni'-ka-shi-ga wi°
demise (death), ts'e. o'-tho-to° a-zhi ha.
democracy, wo°'-the-the i-thi-gtho° depressed (to be), ki-xi'-tha.
(whicli see). I am depressed, a-ki'-xi-btha.
demolish, thi-ta'-the.
you are depressed, tha-ki'-xi-shta.
demonstrate (to), wi°'-kshe gi-ba-ha.
we are depressed, o°-]):i'-xi-tha i.
Idemonstrated, wi^'-kshe a-gi-ba-ha.
derision (to hold in), u-ki'-o°.
you demonstrated, wi°'-kshe tha-gi-
ba-ha.
descend (to), u-ga'-hiu-dse; (2) u-ga'-
hu-dse-the.
we demonstrated, wi°-kshe o "-gi-
ba-ha i. I descend, u-ga'-hu-dse bthe.
demoralize, thi-ho"'-zhi. you descend, u-ga'-hu-dse stse.
denial (a), wa-gi'-zha. we descended, u-ga'-hiu-dse o"-ga-
denote (to), thi-wa'-to°-i".

thai.
I denote, i°'-wa-toM°. descendants, zhi"-ga u-kia' wa-to"-
you denote, thi'-wa-to°-i°. to°.
we denote, we-wa'-to"-i° i. descent, downward, a'-po-ga,

dense (as a crowd), a'-ki-sho-ga. descent of the sun, mi a'-po-ga.
6,732}— 3 2 17
252 BUKEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [buu.. loa
desecrate (to), a'-xo-ba zhi. destroy (to) by killing, ts'e-the.

Idesecrated it, a'-a-xo-ba mo"-zhi. Idestroyed by killing, ts'e-a-the.
you desecrated it, a'-tha-xo-ba a-zhi. you destroyed by killing, ts'e-tha-the.
we desecrate it, o°'-ga-xo-ba-ba-zhi i. we destroyed by killing, ts'e-o°-tha i.
desert (to), o'''-tha. detain (to), tha'-zhi ga-xe.
I desert, a-o"'-btha. I detained him, tha'-zhi pa-xe.
you desert, the-o°'-shta. you detained him, tha'-zhi shka-xe.
we deserted, o°-o"'-tha i. we detained him, tha'-zhi o"-ga-xa i.
desert (a), mo^-zho" be' u-shko°-zhi. detect (to), u-be'-hni.

designate (to), a'-ba-gu. I detect, u-pe'-hni.
I designate, a'-pa-gu. you detect, u-shpe'-hni.

3"Ou designate, a'-shka-gu. we detect, o"-gu'-be-hni i.
we designate, o^-ga'-ba-gu i. detective (a), no°-xtho"'-ha u-thi°-ge.

desirable, go°'-tha-wa-the. determine (to) for one's self, Iji'-
desire (a), wa-tho°'-dse-shi. gthi-shto°.
desire (to), go"'-tha. I am determined to go, bthe'-tse
I desire, l>;o°'-btha. a-ki-gthi-shto°.
you desire, slake"' -shda. you are determined to go, stse'-tse
we desire, o°-go°'-tha i. tha-ki-gthi shto".
desk (a), wa-gthe'-ge a-ga-xe. we are determined to go, o°-ga-the
despair (to), ki'-xi-tha. tse o°-ki-gthi-shto" i.
I was in despair, a'-ki-xi-btha. determined, u-thu'-do°-be.

you despaired, tha-ki'-xi-shta. I am determined, u-thu'-tc-be bthi
we are in despair, o"-ki-xi-tIia i. shto".
desperado (a), ni'-ka-shi-ga i-gi-wa- you are determined, u-thu'-shto^-be
the. ni shto°.
desperation (to act in), a'-ba-tsi-zhe. we are determined, o°-tho'''-gu-
I acted in desperation, a'-pa-tsi-zhe. do°-ba i 0° thi shto°.
you acted in desperation, a'-shpa-tsi- detest (to), i'-gi wa-gthi"; (2) wa'-
zhe. gthi° i-gi.
we acted in desperation, o°'-ga-ba- I detest that person, ni'-ka-shi-ga

tsi-zha i. the i-tha'-gi wa-gthi".
despicable, i'-gi-wa-the. You detest that person, ni'-lja-shi-ga
despise (to), wa-gthi" i-gi. the i'-tha-gi wa-gthi °.
I despise, wa-gthi° i-tha'-gi. We detest that person, ni'-ka'-shi-ga
you despise, wa-gthi" i'-tha-gi. the o''-tho°-gi i-wa-gthi".
we despise, wa-gthi° o"-tho"'-gi i. detour, a' -be-to". (See i'-thi-sho"-ha.)
despite, u'-tho" a-zhi. deuce (in playing cards), pa-gi-a'-
despondency, gi'-gu-zhi. gtho".
dessert, wa-gki'-the tha-tse. I have the deuce, pa-gi-a'-gtho" wi"
destination (a), mo°-zho°' hi ta-bi a-bthi°.
thin-kshe. you play your deuce, pa-gi-a'-gtho"
destitute, wa-xpa'-thi°. wi" i-tha-ki-de te ha.
I am destitute, o°-wa'-xpa-thi". deviate (to), u-ba'-ha dsi i-e.
yoti are destitute, wa-thi'-xpa-thi". I deviated, u-ba'-ha dsi i-tha'-the.

we are destitute, wa-wa'-xpa-thi" i.
you deviated, u-ba'-ha dsi i'-tha-the.
destroy (to get rid of), ni'-the.
we deviated, u-ba'-ha dsi o"-tho° a i.
I destroyed all the birds, wa-zhi"'-ga

devotion (religious), lj;i-ko"'-ge.
ga-ni ni-a-wa-the ha.
devour (to), tha-hni'.
destroy (to) by tearing down, the-
ta-the. I devour, btha'-hni.
I destroyed it, bthi'-ta-the. you devour, sda'-hni.
j'ou destroyed it, shni'-ta-the. we devour, o "-tha-hni i.
we destroyed it, o°-thi'-ta-tha i. dew, zhi'-do°.

dew fallingon a person, a'-zhi-do". dilate (to), u-tha' to°-ga.

the dew is falling on me, o^'-zhi-do". I dilated it, u-tha' -to ^-ga a-the.
the dew is falling on you, a'-thi- you dilated it, u-tha' -to "-ga tha-the.
zhi- do°. we dilated it, u-tha'-to^-ga o°-tha i.
the dew is falling on us, wa-zhi'- dilemma (a), ho°'-ta-tse gi-wa-tse xi.
do" i. diligence, wa-thi'-to" a-lji-hi-de.

dewberry, sho°'-ge pa-ge-go". dilute (to), wa-shta'-ge ga-xe.
dialect, i'-e-go^-ge-go". I diluted the milk, ba-ge ni-tse wa-
dialogue, u-lji'-ki-e. shta'-ge pa-xe.
diaper, hi'-tha-xa. you diluted the milk, ba-ge ni-tse
diaphragm, tse-pa'-xe-no°-ta. wa-shta'-ge shka-xe.
diarrhea, i°-gthe' ni-gthu-ge. we diluted the milk, ba-ge ni-tse
diatribe, i'-e-wa-tha-zhu-zhi. wa-shta'-ge o°-ga-xa i.
dice throwing, wa-hi'-ga-xto". dim, xi-dse.

dictate, a'-ga-zhi. my eyes are dim, i°-shta' o°-xi-dse.
I dictate, a'-a-ga-zhi. your eyes are dim, i°-shta' thi-xi-dse.
you dictate, a'-tha-ga-zhi. diamonds (in deck of cards), ke'-pa
we dictate, o°'-ga-ga-zhi i. (which see).
die (to), ts'e. I played a diamond, ê'-pa i-tha-ki-
I die, a-ts'e'. de.
you die, tha-ts'e. did you have a diamond? ke'-pa wi°
die out (as a fire), da'-zhi. o°-ni-a-zhi a-do° a.
dififer (to), wa-thi'-gtho" ki-tha-ha. dime (a), 10-cent piece, wa-tha'-wa
I differ, wa-thi'-gtho° ki-tha-ha o"- gthe-btho° (which see).
thi°. diminish (to), dsu'-ba e-go" ga-xe.
you differ, wa-thi'-gtho° ki-tha-ha I diminished it, dsu'-ba e-go" pa-xe.
shni i ha. you diminished it, dsu'-ba e-go"
We differ, wa-thi'-gtho° ki-tha-ha shka-xe.
o"-thi° i. we diminished it, dsu'-ba e-go"
difladent, a'-ba-gtha; (2) mo"'-xi-ga. o^-ga-xa i.
difficulty, u'-wa-tse-xi. diminutive, wa-ho'-stsa.

diffuse, thi-u'-ga-e-btha. dimple (a), the'-xo"-dse u-gta.
I diffuse, bthi'-u-ga-e-btha. dine (to), wa-no°'-bthe.
you diffuse, ni'-u-ga-e-btha. I dined, a-wa'-no"-bthe.
dig (to), k'e. you dined, wa-tha'-no°-bthe.
I dig, a-lj;'e. we dined, o°-wo"'-no°-btha i.
you dig, tha-k'e. dingdong (as a bell), ka-mo°'.
I go to dig potatoes, do k'e bthe i° dinner, mi-tho'-to" wa-no°-bthe.
do. I had dinner, mi-tho'-to° a-wa-no°-
dig (to) a ditch, ba-lj'u'. bthe.
I dig a ditch, pa'-k'u. you had dinner, mi-tho'-to° wa-tha-
you dig a ditch, shpa'-k'u. no°-bthe.
we dig a ditch, o^-ba'-k'u i. we had dinner, mi-tho'-to" o°-wo°
dig (to) from the earth, gthi'-xthu- no^-btha i.
ge. dip (to), ni'-u-bi-do°.

dignified, a-ki'-xo-be; (2) no^'-xe-gka. I dip, ni'-u-pi-do".
I am dignified, a'-a-xo-be. you dip, ni-u'-shpi-do°.
you are dignified, a'-tha-xo-be. we dip, ni o°'-gu-bi-do" i.
we are dignified, o°-ga'-xo-ba i. diphtheria, do'-dse ni-e.

digress (to), u-ba'-ha dsi i-e. dipper (a), ni-u'-thu-ga to°; (2) ni'-i-
I digressed, u-ba'-ha dsi i-tha'-e. tha-to°.

you digressed, u-ba'-ha dsi i'-tha-e. direct (in a straight line), wa-mo"'-
we digressed, u-ba'-ha dsi o°-tho° i. thi° tho-to°-the.
dirk (a), nio°'-hi°-pa-gi-go-be. disburden (to) continued. —

dirt (under the nails), sha'-ge u-sha- you disburden, wa-lj;'i°' tse i-tse
be. tha-the.
dirty, wa-gi'-hi zlii. we disburden, wa-lj;'i°' ge i-tse o°
disability, wa-shko^'-thi^-ge. tho".
disagree (to), ki-ki'-zhi"; (2) i'-e disburse (to), wa-ga'-shi-be.
u-ki-pa-zhi; (3) wa-thi'-gtho" ki- I disburse, a-wa'-gi-shi-be.
tha-ha. you disburse, wa-tha'-gi-shi-be.
I disagree, wa-thi'-gtho" ki-tha-ha we disburse, o°-wo°'-gi-shi-ba i.
o°-thi°. discern (to), i'-the.

you disagree, wa-thi'-gtho" î-tha-ha I discern, i-tha'-the.
shni ha. you discern, i' -tha-the.
we disagree, wa-thi'-gtho° ki-tha-ha we discern, o°-tho"'-tha i.
o^-thi" i. discharge (a), as a shot, gi-o"'-tha.

disagreeable, u'-xtho°-shto°. discharge (to), cause to leave, thi-
disagreeable person, we'-ho°-zhi. shto°'-ga-xe.
disallow, i'-gi-zho-shi. I discharged him, thi-shto°' pa-xe.
I disallow, i-tha'-gi-zho-shi. you discharged him, thi-shto"'
you disallow, i'-tha-gi-zho-shi. shka-xe.
disappear (to), thi°-ge'-tsi-gthi. we discharged him, thi-shto°' o°-
disappear from sight, tho-a'-a zhi. ga-xa i.
It disappeared from sight, tho-a'-ba- discharge (to), as fluids, a-xthu-e.
zhi. disclose (to), thi-wa'-toM".
disapproval, gi'-ho° a-zlii. I disclosed it, bthi'-wa-to°-i".
disapprove (to), gi'-sho"-zhi. you disclosed it, ni'-wa-to°-i°.
I disapprove, o°-sho° mo°-zhi. we disclosed it, o^-thi'-wa-to^-i" i.
you disapprove, thi'-sho° a-zhi. disconnect (to), thi-ki'-tha-ha.

we disapprove, wa'-sho° ba-zhi i. I disconnected it, bthi'-ki-tha-ha.
disarm (I disarm him), wa-pa'-hi you disconnected it, ni' -ki-tha-ha.
a-no" she o. we disconnected it, o°-thi-ki-tha-ha i.
disarrange (to), wa-we'-thu-e. disconsolate, gi'-gu-zhi; (2) gi'-gu

I disarranged it, wa-we'-bthu-e. a-zhi.
you disarranged it, wa-we'-stsu-e. I am disconsolate, o'^'-gu mo°-zhi.
disarrange (to scatter), u-thi'-bu-dse. you are disconsolate, thi'-gu a-zhi,
I disarranged, u'-bthi-bu-dse. we are disconsolate, wa'-gu ba-zhi i.
you disarranged, u-shni-bu-dse. discord, da'-a-ki-lj:!.

we disarranged ,o"-gu'-thi-bu-dsa i. discontent, gi'-ho° a-zhi.
disarrange (to) articles, wa-we'-thu-e. discouraged (to be), ki-xi'-tha.
disband (to), u-ga'-e-btha; ba-no°'- I am discouraged, a-ki'-xi-btha.
tha. you are discouraged, tha-ki'-xi-shta.
I disbanded the soldiers, a-ki'-da-ba we are discouraged, o°-]ii-xi-tha i.
u-ga'-e-btha the wa-pa-xe. discourse, da'-i-the.

you disbanded the soldiers, a-ki'-da- he made a fine discourse, da'-i-the
ba u-ga'-e-btha the wa-shka-xe. tha-gthi° xtsi ga-xa bi o.
we disbanded the soldiers, a-ki'-da-ba discover (to), we' -the; (2) i'-gi-the
u-ga'-e-btha the o"-wa-ga-xa i. (3) i-the.
disbelieve (to), wa-zha. I discovered, i-tha'-the.
I disbelieve, a-wa'-zha. you discovered, i' -tha-the.
you disbelieve, wa-tha'-zha. we discovered it, o°-tho'''-tha i.
we disbelieve, o°-wo°'-zha i. discredit (to), wa-zha'.

disburden (to), wa-k'i°' i-tse-the I discredit it, a-wa'-zha.
(which see). you discredit it, wa-tha'-zha.
I disburden, wa-lji'i"' tse i-tse a-the. we discredit it, o^-wo^'-zha i.
discreet (to be), a'-ki-to°-be. disintegrate (to), thi-ta'-the.

I am discreet, a'-a-ki-to°-be. I disintegrated, bthi'-ta-the.
you are discreet, a'-tha-ki-to°-be. you disintegrated, ni'-ta-the.
we are discreet, o°-ga-]j;i-to°-ba i. we disintegrated, o°-thi'-ta-tha i.
discuss (to), a'-i-the. disinter (to), gthi'-xthu-ge.

I discuss, i-a'-the. the man disintered his son, ni'-ka
you discuss, i'-tha-the. a-ka gthi-xthu-ga i shi^-to zhi°-ga
we discuss, i-o°'-tha i.
ke.
discussion (a), i'-e wa-tha-zhu-zhi. disjoin (to), thi-ti'-tha-ha.
disease, wa'-dsi-ni. I disjoined it, bthi'-lii-tha-ha.
disembowel (to), shi'-be-thi-ta-the;
you disjoined it, ni'-ki-tha-ha.
(2) shu'-be thu-ta-the. we disjoined it, o°-thi'-ki-tha-ha i.
disfigure (to), ga-gi'-xe. disjoint (to), ga-sdo'-dse.
disfigure the face, i°-dse' ga-gi-xe. I disjoint, a'-sdo-dse.
I disfigured him, a'-gi-xe.
you disjoint, tha'-sdo-dse.
you disfigured him, tha'-gi-xe. we disjoint, o°-ga'-sdo-dsa i.
we disfigured him, o°-ga'-gi-xa i. disk (a), da'-pa.

disgrace, i'-gtha-no°. (See u-i'-stse.)
dislike (to), gi'-sho°-zhi; I'-gi.
he is in disgrace, i'-gtha-no° bi tse
I dislike, i-tha'-gi.
gi'-ho^-a-zhi" wa-gthi° bi a.
you dislike, i'-tha-gi.
disgraceful, u'-wa-we-stse.
you dislike it, thi-ho° a-zhi.
disguise one's self (to), ki-gthi'-e-zhi.
I dislike doing it, pa-so ta-te i-tha'-gi.
I disguised myself, a-ki'-gthi-e-zhi.
you dislike pork, ku'-ku-gi ta i'-
you disguised yourself, tha-ki'-gthi-
tha-gi.
e-zhi,
dislocate (to), no^-sho"'.
we disguised ourselves, o°-l<i'-gthi-e-
I dislocated my foot, gi' a-no°-sho°.
zhi i.
you dislocated your foot, gi' tha-
{See also e'-zhi ]>;i-ka-xe.)
no°-sho°.
dish, dishes, hi°'-dse pe zhi°-ga.
give me new dishes, hi°'-dse pe zhi°-
dislocate by pulling, thi-sho°'.
ga tse-ga o°-k'i a.
I by puUing, bthi'-sho°.
dislocated
disheartened (to be), ki-xi'-tha.

you dislocated by pulling, ni'-sho°.
I am disheartened, a-ki'-xi-btha.
we dislocated by pulling, o"-thi'-
sho° i.
you are disheartened, tha-ki'-xi-shta.
we are disheartened, o°-ki'-xi-tha i.
disloyal (to be), gi'-wi°-ka-zhi.
disheveled,. pa'-hi°-he-xpa. I was disloyal to him, e'-wi" ka
I am disheveled, pa' -hi" the" o°-he-
mo° zhi.
xpa. You are disloyal, thi-wi"'-ka-zhi.
you are disheveled, pa'-hi° tho° dismember (to), ga-sdo'-sdo-dse.
thi-he-xpa. dismount (to), u-wi'-gi.
we are disheveled, pa' -hi" the you dismount, u-tha'-wi-gi.
wa-he-xpa i. we dismount, o°-gu'-wi-gi i.
dishonor, i'-gtha-nc. disobey (to), i'-e o-pa-zhi; a'-no°-

disinfect (to), wa-gi'-hi Ifi-the. k'o° zhi.
I disinfect, wa-gi'-hi a-î-the. I disobey, a'-a-no°-k'o" mo^-zhi.
you disinfected yourself, wa-gi'-hi you disobey, a'-tlie-no°-k'o° a-zhi.
tha ki-the. we disobey, o"'-no°-k'o° ba-zhi i.
we disinfected ourselves, wa-gi'-hi- disorder, u'-tsi-zhe.

ki-the o°-ki-tha i. disorderly, ga-ni'-tha.
disinherit (to), zhi°-ga' o°-tha. disown (to), thu-ga'-zhi.
the man disinherited his son, ni'-ka- I disown, bthi'-ga mo°-zhi.
shi-ga a-ka shi^-tu zhi°-ga thi°- you disown, shni'-ga a-zhi.
kshe gi o°-tha bi a. we disown, o"'-thu-ga ba-zhi i.
256 BUKEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 109
disparage (to), wa-tha'-pi-zhi. dissent (to), i-e' u-lj:'i'-pa-zhi.

I disparaged liim, wa-btha'-pi-zhi. dissipated, o'-shki-ga.
you disi)aragcd him, wa-shta'-pi-zhi. dissolute, same as dissipated.
dispatch (to), o'-nc-xthi" the wa« he is a very dissolute man, she ni'-
ga-xe. ka-shi-ga a-ba o'-shki-ga bi a.

I dispatched, o'-no"-xthi" the wa- dissolve (to), gko°.
pa-xe. I dissolved it, u-btha gko".
you dispatched, o'-no°-xthi" the you dissolved it, u-na gko".
wa-shka-xe. dissuade (to), i'-gi-zhu-shi.
we dispatched, o'-no-'-xthi" the o°- Idissuaded him, i-tha'-gi-zhu-shi.
wa-ga-xa i. we dissuaded him, o°-tho"'-gi-zhu-
dispatch (to), ts'e'-the. shi i.
dispensary (a), mo°-ko"'-tsi. distance, e'-to^-ha.

dispense (to), o"-tha'. distant, we'-hi-dse.
I dispense with, o°-btha'. distend (to), thi-î'-tha.
you dispense with, o"-shta'. I distended it, bthi'-gi-tha.
disperse (to), o-ga'-e btha. you distended it, ni'-gi-tha.
dispersed, as clouds scatter, u-no"'- we distended it, o°-thi'-5i-tha i.
the. distinct, o-^c'-dsi; e'-zhi.

display (to), ba-ha'. distinguished, ni'-ka-do°-he.
I display my arrows, mo° a-gi'-pa-ha. distracted, da'-do° no°-thi°.
you display your arrows, mo" tha- distress, i'-pi-zhi.
gi'-shpa-ha. distress of mind, wa-ko°'-di-the.
we display our arrows, mo^-o^-gi'- I am distressed, o"-wo°'-ko°-di-the.
ba-ha i. you are distressed, wa-thi'-ko°-di-the.
displease (to), gi'-ho° a-zhi. we are distressed, wa-wa-ko°-di-tha i.
I displeased him, o°'-ho° nio°-zhi. distribute (to), we'-gtha-e.

you displeased him, thi'-ho° a-zhi. I distributed among them, we-a'-
we displeased him, wa'-ho" ba-zhi i. gtha-e.
displeasure, gi'-ho° a-zhi. you distributed among them, we-
disposition, u'-shko°. tha'-gtha-e.
disposition (a cruel), wa'-tha-xthi. we distributed among them, we-o°-
disposition (kindly), u'-k'o° do "-he. gtha-a i.
the woman has a kindly disposition, distrust (to), i'-ko-i-pshe.
wa-k'u a-ka u-lj:'o° do°-ha bi a. I distrust him, i-tha'-ko-i-pshe.
dispossess (to), gi'-no°-she. you distrust him, i'-tha-rko-i-pshe.
I dispossessed him of his bow, we distrust him, o^-tho^'-ko-i-psha i.
mi°'-dse ke e'-no°-she ha. disturb (to), ga-thi'-da.

you dispossessed him of his bow, disturb an animal by fright,
mi"'-dse the' -no "-she ha. thi-hi'.
dispute (to), da' u-i-e. I disturbed the animal, wa-dsu'-ta
disreputable, u'-k'o" ho°-zhi. the bthi-hi.
disrepute, same as disreputable, you disturbed the animal, wa-dsu'-ta
disrespect, gi'-o-shki-ga. the ni-hi.
disrobe, ki-gthi'-sha. we disturbed the animal, wa-dsu'-ta
I disrobe, a-ki'-gthi-sha. the o-'-thi-hi i.
you disrobe, tha-ki'-gthi-sha. disturb easily, wa-zhi' a-shka.
we disrobe, oMjî'-gthi-sha i. disturbance, ki-a'-hi-hi-tha; (2) u'-
disappointment, gi'-ho° a-zhi. chi-zhe.
dissatisfaction, gi'-ho" a-zhi. I caused a disturbance, u-wa'-chi-zha.
dissect (to), pa'-dse. you caused a disturbance, u'-thi-chi-
I dissect, a-pa'-dse. zha.
you dissect, tha-pa'-dse. disuse, u'-tho"-dse-shi thi°-ge.
we dissect, o°-pa'-dsa i. ditch (a), ba-lj'u; u-xthu'-xtha.
divan (a), a'-zho° zhi"-ga. docile, wa-ts'e-ga.

my divan, a'-zho° zhi''-ga wi-ta. dock (a), ba-dse' o-pshe'-tse.
your divan, a'-zho" zhi^-ga thi-ta. document (a), wa-gthe'-ge.
dive (to), gtho°'-ge. dodge (to), as in fear, wa-thi'-bthi-
I dive, gtho°'-ge bthe. bthi-xe.
you dive, tha'-gtho°-ge stse. dodge (to), no°'-5o°-de.
we dive, o°-gtho°'-ga i. Idodged, a-nc-go^-de.
diver (a), mi'-xa-gtho°-ge shto°. you dodge, tha'-no°-go''-de.
diverge, a'-thu-ta-the. we dodge, o^-no^'-goo-da i.
diverse, e'-zhi no"-tho°. doe (a), ta-mi'-ga.
diversify (to), thi-e'-zhi no"-tho°. dog (a), sho°'-ge.
I diversify, bthi'-e-zhi no°-tho". dog, ill tempered, sho°'-ge i-gi wa-the.
j-ou diversify, ni'-e-zhi no°-tho°. I stepped on the dog, sho^'-ge thi°-ke
we diversify, o°-thi'-e-zhi no°-tho° i. a-a-no°-zhi°.

divest (to), thi-sha'-e. you stepped on the dog, sho°'-ge
I divest, bthi'-sha-e. thi°-ke a-tha-no^-zhi".
you divest, ni'-sha-e. doghouse, sho°'-ge tsi.
we divest, o^-thi'-sha-a i. Dog-star (most brilliant star in
divide (a), a'-thi°. constellation), Canis Major,
divide (to), i'-ki-gtha-e. Slio°'-ge a-ga k'e go°.
divide equally in half, tho^-ba'-ha doll (a), zhi°-ga' zhi°-ga wa-thi-hi-dse.
ga-xe. dollar, btho'-ga wi"-xtsi.
I divided it equally in half, tho"-ba'- domestic (a servant), wa-thi'-to°.
ha pa-xe. domesticate (to make gentle), thi-
you divided it equally in half, tho°- wa'-shta-ge.
ba'-ha shpa-xe. I domesticated the horse, ka-wa
we divided it equally in half, tho"- bthi-wa'-shta-ge.
ba'-ha o°-ga-xa i. you domesticated the horse, ka-wa
divine (to), as foretell, ta'-ljo. ni-wa'-shta-ge.
Divine, Wa-ko°'-da. we domesticated the horse, ka-wa
divination, u-be'-hni. o"-thi'-wa-shta-ga i.
divorce (to), ki-o°'-tha. domesticated, wa-da'-gthe.

I divorced him, o^-ki'-o^-tha i ha. donate (to), da'-do°-ga-the.
you divorced him, tha-ki'-o"-shta i ha. Idonated a horse, ka'-wa wi° pa-the.
divulge (to), tha-wa'-to°-i". you donated a horse, Ica'-wa wi°
I divulged your secret, da' -do" shka-the.
a-a-no°-xthe tse btha-wa-to°-i° ha. donate to something, da'-do° u-gi-
you divulged my secret, da'-do° gtho° ga-the.
a-tha-no°-xthe tse shna-wa'-to°-i" donor (a), wa-ga'-the a-ka.
ha. doomsday, ho"'-ba wa-thi-tho°-be ha
we divulged his secret, da'-do° ta bi tse.
o''-wo°-no°-xthe tse o°-tha-wa-to°- doorkeeper, tsi'-zhe-be a-lji-da.
i" i.
door of tipi, tsi'-zhe-be.
dizzy (to be), no°'-xe gka zhi.
doorway, tsi'-u-k'u-dse.
I am dizzy, no°'-xe o°-gka mo° zhi ha.
you are dizzj% no°'-xe thi-gka zhi ha. dormitory, u-zho°'-tsi.
do a little at a time, dso'-ba-no°-the dose (as of medicine), mo°-ljo"'
ga-xe. u-tha-to° e-no°; (2) u-he'-be.

I do a little at a time, dso'-ba-no°- dotage, ts'a'-ge u-thu-ge.
the pa-xe. dotard, u'-no°-ts'a-ge hi.
you do a little at a time, dso'-ba-no°- double (as to fold a blanket),
the shka-xe. a'-ki-thi-gta.
we do a little at a time, dso'-ba-no°- I doubled a blanket, ha-xi° a'-lj;i-thi-
the o°-ga-xa i. gta pa-xe.

double (as to fold a blanket) — con. —

drag (to) continued.
you doubled a blanket, ha-xi" a'-1>i- you dragged it, wa-thi'-xo-e shi i°-do.
thi-gta shka-xe. we dragged it, wa-thi'-xo-e o°-ga
we doubled the blanket, ha-xi° a'- hi bi o.
Ici-thi-gta o"-ga-xa i. drag (to) on the ground, thi'-xu-e.
double-barreled gun, xtho'-ge tho"- I dragged the log, zho° bthi'-xu-e.
ba. you dragged the log, zho° ni'-xu-e.
double-dealing, u'-wa-mo°-xe-the. we dragged the log, zho° o°-thi'-
double star, mi-lj:a'-k'e u-ki-tha ts'i°. xu-a i.
doubt (to be in), gi'-ha-gi-the. dragon fly, tse'-pi-tha to^-ga.
I am in doubt, o°-ha-gi-the. drain (to), ni'-o°-tho°-bi-ge.
you are in doubt, thi-ha-gi-the. I drained it, ni'-o°-tho°-pi-ge.
doubtful, ha'-go"-tho° ta zlii a-zhi. you drained it, ni'-o°-tho° shpi-ge.
doubtless, \va-ha'-gi-tha zhi. we drained it, ni'-we-a-bi-ga i.
dough (bread), wa-dsu'-e-i-the-xthe. drake (a), mi'-xa do-ga.

dough pan, wa-dsu'-u-thi-xthi. draw (to), as to pull, thi-stsu'-dse.
doughty, wa-zhi°' to°-ga. I draw it out, bthi'-stsu-dse.
douse (to), ni-u'-ba-xi. you draw it out, tha-stsu-dse.
I doused him in the water, ni-u-pa'-xi. draw (to) a line, thi'-xu.
you doused him in the water, ni-u- I drew a line, bthi'-xu.
shpa-xi. you drew a line, ni'-xu.
we doused him in the water, ni-o"- we drew a line, o°-thi'-xu i.
gu'-ba-xi i. draw (to) stripes, thi-gthe'-ge.

down (below), hiu'-dse ta; (2) u-ga'- I drew stripes, bthi'-gthe-ge.
hu-dse. you drew stripes, ni'-gthe-ge.
sit down, gthi-i°-ga o. we drew stripes, o"-thi'-gthe-ge i.
downcast, gi'-gu-zhi. drawer (a), as in a table, u-thu'-
I am downcast, o^-gu' mo°-zhi. stsu-e.
you are downcast, thi'-gu a-zhi. drawl (to), i'-e wa-gtu-dse.
we are downcast, wa-gu' ba-zhi i.
drawl (slowness of speech), i'-e
downright, e-go° xtsi. a-thu-xu-ge.
downward, u-thu'-xtha-ha; (2) a'-
dread (to), no°'-pe.
po-ga.
I dread, no°'-a-pe.
downy, ga-mo°'. you dread, no°'-tha-pe.
downy as a feather, gka' ga-mo°. we dread, no°'-o°-pa i.
downy feathers, wa-zhi°'-ga hi°
dreadful, no°'-pe-wa-the.
shto^-ga.
doze (to), tho'-ha zhoM-he.
dream (to), ho°'-bthe.
I dreamed, ho^'-a-bthe.
I doze, tho'-ha a-zho°-i-he.
you dreamed, ho°'-tha-bthe.
you doze, tho'-ha tha-zho"-i-he.
we dozed, tho'-ha o''-zho°-i-ha i. dream certain things, i'-ho°-bthe.
dozen (a), a-gthi" tho°-ba. I dreamed of a certain thing,
i-tha'-ho°-bthe.
I want a dozen chickens, giu'-ka
zhi"-ga a-gthi° tho'^-ba wa-kon- you dreamed of a certain thing,
btha, i'-tha-ho°-bthe.
you want a dozen chickens, giu'-ka we dreamed of a certain thing, o°-
zhin-ga a-gthi° tho°-ba wa-shko°- tho^'-ho^-btha i.

sda. drenched (to be), ga-da'-xe.
drab, xo'-de. I am
drenched, o°-a'-da-xe.
draft (a money order), ta-no°'-k'a- you are drenched, thi-a'-da-xe.
gka. the rain drenched me, ni-zhu wa-
drag (to), as leading something, gthi" ha c-a'-da xe ha.
wa-thi'-xo-e. dress (garment), we'-ti-gthe-wi°; wa-
I dragged it, wa-thi'-xo-e pshi i" do. tse'.
UL FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 259
dress (to), we'-y-gthi-wi" u-gi'-pa-ho° drop (to) in the eye continued. —

(which see). we dropped medicine in the eye, i"-
I dress, we'-^-gthi-wi" u-wa'-gi-pa- shta' tho° mo°-ko° o°-gu-thi-xto" i.
ho". drought (a), mo°-bi-ge'.
you dress, we'-ki-gthi-wi° u-tha'-gi- drown (to), ni-pa'-ha-i-the.
shpa-ho°. drov/ned, same as drown.
we dress, we'-ki-gthi-wi° o°-gu'-gi- drowsy, i"-shta' u-ts'u-xe.
pa-ho° i. my eyes feel drowsy, i°-shta' oMs'u-
dresser (a bureau), u-thu'-stsu-e. xe.
driftwood, ni'-do°-ga-xa. your eyes look drowsy, i°-shta' thi-
drill (to) a hole in something, ts' u-xe.
u-thi'-k'u-dse. drugs, mo°-ko°'.
I drilled a hole, u-bthi'-ku-dse. druggist (a), mo°-ko°' a-thi°.
you drilled a hole, u-stsi'-k'u-dse. drum (a), tse'-xe-ni.
we drilled a hole, o^-gu'-thi-lj'u-dsa i. drum beat, ti-dse'.
drill (to), as soldiers, a'-ki-da u-k'o". Drum Creek, Kans., Tse'-xe-ni-u-e.
drink (to), wa-tha'-to°. drumfish, hu'-pa u-ga-hi.
I drank, wa-btha'-to°. drunk (to be), gtho°'-thi°.
you drank, wa-shda'-to°. I am drunk, a-gtho"'-bthi°.
we drank, o°-wo°'-tha-to° i. you are drunk, tha-gtho"'-ni.
drip (to), u-xto"'. we are drunk, wa-gtho^'-thi" i.
dripping of sap, a'-xthu-e. drunkard (a), wa-tha'-to° shto°.
drive (to), ga-zhi"'. drunkenness, gtho^'-thi^-shtp".
I can drive the horses home, ka'-wa dry (to become dry), a'-bi-ge.
tho°-ka a-wa-ga-zhi" a-gthe ta dry (as withered), bi'-ge, biu'-ge.
ini°-ke ha. dry (by draining), thi-biu'-ge.
you can drive the horses home, ka'- dry (by wind blowing), ga-bi'-ge.
wa tho°-ka wa-tha-ga-zhi" tha- I dried my blanket in the wind,
gthe ta-te ha. ha-xi°' tho° ga-bi'-ge a-gi-the ha.
drive one's own horses, gi-pa'-gi. you dried your blanket in the wind,
drive off, ba-gi'. ha-xi°' tho° ga-bi'-ge tha-gi-the ha.
I drive off, pa'-gi. dry (to) by wringing, thi-biu'-ge.
you drive off, shpa'-gi. dry (to) by heat, da-bi-ge.
we drive off, o^-ba'-gi i. I dried my clothes in the sun, da'-
drizzle (as rain), ni-zhiu' xo-dse. bi-ge pa-xe.
droll (a joker), wa-thi'-ho-ho-da. dry-goods store, wa-to°' u-zhi.
droop (to), gi'-sho°-tha. dry-goods merchant, wa-to'' a'thi".
drop (to), as water, a-ga'-ts'e. Dry Wood Creek, Kans., Pi-gi' hi-u-
Idropped water, a'-a-ga-ts'e. gthe.

you dropped water, a'-tha-ga-ts'e. dub, zha'-zhe k'i.
we dropped water, o°-ga'-ts'a i. duck (to), ni-u'-ba-xi.

drop (to) by accident, thi-gtho°'-tha. I ducked, ni-u'-pa-xi.
I dropped it by accident, bthi'-gtho°- you ducked, ni-u'-shpa-xi.
tha. we ducked, ni-o°-gu'-ba-xi i.
you dropped it by accident, ni'-gtho°- dull, ba'-i°-zhi.

tha. dull sound, ga-po'-ki.
we dropped it by accident, o°-thi'- I made a dull sound, a'-po-ki.
gtho°-tha i. you made a dull sound, tha'-po-ki.
drop (to) liquid on something, a'- we made a dull sound, o°-ga'-po-ki i.
thi-a. dumb, i'-e-go°-zhi°-ga.

drop (to) in the eye, u-thi'-xto". dumplings (of corn), wa-dsu'-e-xo"
I dropped medicine in the eye, u-thi-shi° (which see).
i°-shta' tho" mo^-Jjo" u-bthi'-xto°. dun (to), wa-thu'-ge gi-da.
you dropped medicine in the eye, I dunned him, wa-thu'-ge a-gi-da.
i°-shta' tho" mo^-ljo" u-ni-xto°. you dunned him, wa-thu'-ge tha- gi-da.
dunce (a), ts'e-ga. dusty, ga-sho'-dse; (2) mo°-sho'-sho-

duplicity, u'-wa-mo°-xe-the. dse.
durable, ga'-gi. dutiful, da'-e tha-gthi".
dusk, u-ga'-sha sha-be; (2) ho°'-ba he is a dutiful son, shi^'-to zhi°-ga
u-ga-sha-be. da'-e tha-gthi° bi a.
dust, mo°-sho'-sho-dse. dwarf (a), ni'-ka dsa-pa.
you are raising the dust, mc-sho'- dwell (to), tsi'-gthe; (2) u-tsi.
sho-dse tha-tha bi a. dwell as a person, u-wa' ni-lja-shi-ga.
dust blown or carried by the wind, dwell as in one's own house, u-tha
nio°-sho'-dso. ni-ka-shi-ga.
the dust blew in my eyes, mo"- we go to dwell, o°-ga'-tha i.
sho'-dse i°-shta tho° o°-wo°-ga- dye, we'-zhu-dse-the.

hi-tha. dysentery, i°-gthe' ni-gthu-ge.
E
each, wa^'-no^-the. easy to reach, hi' u-mo^-ka.
each one, wi°'-no°-the. my house is easy to reach, tsi wi-ta
eager, i'-hi-dse. tse i'-the u-mo°-ka ha.
I am eager, o°-tho" a'-hi-dse. your house is easy to reach, tsi
you are eager, i'-thi-hi-dse. thi-ta te u-hi a-shka.
eagle, xiu-tha'. our house is easy to reach, tsi
eagle (bald), xi-tha'-pa. o°-gu-ta i-te u-hi a-shka.
eagle (golden), xi-tha' (which see). eat (to), tha-tse'; no°'-bthe; wa-no"'-
eagle (red), xi-tha' sha. bthe.
eagle (white), xi-tha' gka. I am eating, a-wa-no°-bthe.
eagle (sacred mottled), a'-hiu-ta-ta. you are eating, wa-tha'-no°-bthe.
eagle feather headdress, xi-tha' we are eating, wa-o°-no"-btha i.
u-gtho^-ge.
eat (to) what is set before one,
Eagle Wing Creek, Xi-tha' -hi ° ga-xe. gtha'-tse.
ear (the), no"-ta'. I what is set before me, btha'-tse.
eat
ear (external opening), ni-xu'-dse. you eat what is set before you,
ear lobe, no°-ta' pa-gi. shna'-tse.
earache, no"'-xu-dse ui-e. we eat what is set before us, o°-gtha'-
early, tse'-ga.
tsa i.
earn (to), u-kshe'-to°.
eavesdropper, no°-xtho°' ha wa-no°-
I earned a dollar, btho'-ga-wi°-xtsi
Ic'on.
u-wa-kshe-to".
eccentric, ta'-ga-zhi.
you earned a dollar, btho'-ga-wi°
an eccentric person, ni'-ka-shi-ga wi°
xtsi u-tha-kshe-to".
ta'-ga-zhi.
you earned it, ugtha'-kshe-to".
earnings, same as earn, echo (an), hu-u-tha' da-tho°.
earnest, i'-hi-dse. {See eager.) I heard an echo, hu-u-tha' da-tho°

earth (the), to°'-dse; (2) mo"-zho"; wi° a-no°-k'o° ha.
(3) moM^'-ka; (4) mo°-thi°'-l>;a.
you heard an echo, hu-u-tha' da-tho°
earth lodge, mo^-thi^'-â i-tsi. wi" tha-no»-lj;'o°.
earring, i'-i°-to°. we heard an echo, hu-u-tha' da-tho"
earthquake, mo"-zho°' shko". o°-no°-^'o° i.
earwig, zhe-ga' hiu-go°-tha. economical, da'-do° giu-we.

east, ga'-xpa; (2) mi'-hi-thon-be-dsi. I am economical, da' -do" a-giu-we ha.
I live in the east, mo"-zho" ga-xpa you are economical, da' -do" tha-
dsi a-gthi" ha. giu-we ha.
east wind, ta'-dse ga-xpa tse. we are economical, da' -do" o°-
easy, o'-ts'e-ga; (2) wa-ts'e-ga; (3) giu-wa i.
u'-mo°-lj:a. economy, da' -do" gi-gi.

°
ecstasy (excessive joy), wai"'-gtli electric light, e-wa'-zhi° po-e (which

gi-5u. see).
eczema, ni-a'-ni-o°. elegant, tha'-gthi° xtsi.
eddy (a whirling of water), ni-vi'- elephant, ni'-da. (See description.)
thi-bthi. eleven, a-gthi°' wi" xtsi.
edge (the), Ijc'-ha. eleventh, we'-a-gthi" wi° xtsi (which
edge of a lake, dse 1^0°' -ha. see).
edge of a river, ni'-ko°-ha. elf (an), mi'-a-gthu-shka.
edible, no°'-bthe tha'-gthi". elite, ba-hi'xtsi.
educated, wa-gthe'-ye pi-o°. elk (the), o'po"; (2) wa-dsu'-ta stse-
I am educated, wa-gthe'-ge pi-mo". dse.
you are educated, wa-gthe'-ge shpi- elk skin, o'-po° ha.
zho°. Elm Creek, Okla., E'-hiu-gthe (which
we are educated, wa-gthe'-ge o°- see).
pi-o° i. elm tree, e'-hiu.
eel (an), ho'-we-ts'a. elm, slippery, hi^'-dse gthi-gthi-e;
efface (to), bi-ka'. (2) hi°'-dse ni-stsi-stu-e.
I effaced, pi'-ka. elope (to), ko-pshe.
you effaced, shpi'-ka. I eloped, a-ko'-pshe.
we effaced, o°-bi'-ka i. you eloped, tha-ko'-pshe.
effort, wa-shko°'. we eloped, o°-ko'-psha i.
effort (one's greatest), ha'-xti-k'o°. emaciate, xtha a-thi°' hi.

egg (an), ba'-ta. I am emaciated, xtha o°'-thi° hi.
egg (bird's), wa-zhi°'-ga pa-da. you are emaciated, xtha a' -thi "-thi
egg-shaped, gnu'-ka. shi.
ego (self), u-zhu' a-ka. embrace (to), u-ki'-gthi-ge; a' -dse.

egotism, u-zhu a'-ki-zhi°. I embrace, a'-a-dse.
eight, ki-e'-do-ba. you embrace, a'-tha-dse.
eight spot (playing card), ki'-e-do-ba we embrace, o°-ga-dsa i.
a-zhi. emetic (an), gthe'-be mo"-ko° (which
eighteen, a-gthi° ki-e do-ba. see).
either, o°'-mo° e-shki. employ (to), wa-shi'.
eighth, we'-ki-e-do-ba. I employ, a-wa'-shi.
eighty, gthe'-btho° ki-e do-ba. you employ, wa-thi'-shi.
eject (to) out of a hoiise, a'-shi-o°- we employ, wa-thi'-shi i.
tha. employee, wa-shi'-be a-ka.
I ejectedhim, a'-shi-o°-btha. employer, wa-wa'-shi a-ka.
you ejected him, a'-shi-o°-shta. I have a good employer, tha-gthi"
we ejected him, a'-shi-o°-o"-tha i. i-ha o^-wa'-shi a-ka.
eject (to) off one's own property, you have a good employer, tha-gthi
ga-she. i-ha wa-thi'-shi a-ka.
I ejected him, a' -she. we have a good employer, tha-gthi"
you ejected him, tha'-she. i-ha wa-wa'-gthi" i a-ka.
we ejected him, o°-ga-sha i. employment, u'-thi-to".
eject (to) out of office, thi-dsi'-ge. empty, xtho'-k'a.
I ejected him, bthi'-dsi-ge. the bottle is empty, o-zhi-to-ho tse
you ejected him, ni'-dsi-ge. xtho'-ka.
elastic wa-gi'-gi-tha. emptiness, same as empty.
elbow (the), i-gtu'-hi. end (the last, Omega), ha-shi.
elder (older of the two), wa-no"'. end (the), u-ho"'-ge.
elderberry tree, ba-po'-ki hi. end of a ravine, ga-sho"'-to"-gthe.
elected (to), ba-hi'. I walked to the end of a ravine,
I am elected, o°'-ba-hi bi a. ga-sho°'-to°-gthe te u-thu wa-gthe
you are elected, thi' -ba-hi bi a. mo "-thi" pi ha.
end of a ravine continued. — envy (to), a'-ko"-gthe.

you walked to the end of the ravine, I envy, a'-a-ko"-gthe ha.
ga-sho^'-to^-gthe te u-thu wa-gthe you envj', a'-tha-ô"-gthe ha.
mo°-shni ha. we envy, o^'-ga-ljo^-gtha i.
we walked to the end of the ravin.e, epidemic, u'-hiu-he-ga u-tsi.

ga-sho°'-to"-gthe te u-thu wa- epistle (an), as a letter, wa-gthe' -ge.
gthe c-mo^-thi" i. equal, u-kia'-sha.
enemy, ki"'-da-ga-bi-the. equal height, e'-to°-ha; (2) go^-ge'
enemy (as hatred), i'-ki-î. ki-to"-ha.
Englishman (an), Mo^'-hi-to^-ga equal in numbers, a-kia'-sha.
(which see). equal in size, go°-ge' 'tho°-gka.
enlarge (to) with a knife, ba-zha'-ge. equivalent (an), u-gi'-no^-zhi" ga-xe.
I enlarged it, ba'-a-zha-ge. I gave an equivalent, u-gi'-no^-zhi"
you enlarged it, ba'-tha-zha-ge. pa-xe.
we enlarged it, o^-ba'-zha-ga i. you gave an equivalent, u-gi'-no°-zhi°
enliven (to), u'-shka-shka-tho°. shka-xe.
I enlivened, u'-shka-shka-tho° pshi we gave an equivalent, u-gi'-no"-
ini° kshe. zhi" o°-ga-xa i.
you enlivened, u'-shka-shka-tho" shi erase, bi-ka'.

ni kshe o. I erase, pi'-lj:a.
we enlivened, u'-shka-shka-tho° o°- you erase, shpi'-ka.
ga-hi o^-ga-to". we erase, o°-bi-ka i.
enmity, wa-we'-î. erect (refers to posture), tho'-to° no°-

I have enemies, wa-we'-a-gi. zhi°,
you have enemies, wâ-we'-tha-gi. I stand erect, tho'-to" a-no°-zhi°,
enormous, gtho°'-the wa-gthi°. you stand erect, tho'-to" tha-no°-
enough, u-thu' -thi"-ga-zhi; (2) sho° zhi°.
i°-da. ermine, i°-cho"'-gka (which see).
I haveenough, u-thu' -thi-thi^-ga errand, u-ga'-sho°.
mo°-zhi. errand (to go on), wa-ba'-zhi°.
you have enough, o°-tho°-wo° thi°- I am going on an errand, wa-ba'-
ga a-zhi. zhi° bthe.
we have enough, wiu-tha-thi°-ga you are going on an errand, wa-ba'-
ba-zhi i. zhi" stse.
enrage (to), wa-zhi°' pi-zhi ga-xe we are going on an errand, wa-ba'-
(which see). o"-ga-tha i.
zhi""
I enraged him, wa-zhi° pi-zhi pa-xe. error (an), mo°-xe' ki-the.
you enraged him, wa-zhi° pi-zhi I made an error, mo°-xe' a-ki-the.
shka-xe. you made an error, mo^-xe' tha-ki-
we enraged him, wa-zhi° pi-zhi the.
o^-ga-xa i. we made an error, mo°-xe' o°-ki-
ensiform appendage, te-mo°-hi°. tha i.
ensign (a banner), ha-gka'-wa-xthc- escape (to), shi-ba'-the; (2) ha'-ge.

xthe. I escaped, a-ha'-ge.
enter (to), u-pe'. you escaped, tha-ha'-ge.
I enter, u-wa'-pe. we escaped, o°-ha'-ga i.
you enter, u-tha'-pe. escort (to accompany), a'-do^-be.

we enter, o"-gu-pa i. I escorted him, a'-to°-be.
entire, btho'-ga; (2) thi-ta'-tha-zhi. you escorted him, a'-shto°-be.
entrails (ofan animal), wa-shta'. we escorted him, o°-ga-do°-ba i.
entrance, u-pe'-tse. espionage, no°-xtho°'-ha a-do^-be.
envelop (to), u-be'-to°. establish (to), thi-mo°'-gthe.
I envelop, u-pe' -to", I established it, bthi'mo°-gthe.
you envelop, u-shpe'-to°. you established ni'-mo°-gthe.
it,
we envelop, o"-gu'-be-to° i. we establish, o°-thi'-mo°-gtha i.

.
estate (an), da'-do" wa-we-ta. excellent, wa-ga'-xa.

esteem (to hold in), u-zhu a'-zhi". except (to object), e-no"-u-ko"'-dsi.
I esteem him, u-zhu a'-a-zhi°. I excepted to it, e-no° u-ko°'-dse
you esteem him, u-zhu a'-tha-zhi". bthi dsi-ge.
we esteem him, u-zhu' C-ga-zhi" i. you excepted to it, e-no" u-ko°'-dsi
eulogize (to), tha-do°'-he. u-he tha-tha zhi.
I eulogize him, btha-do°'-he. exchange (to), i'-ki-ka-wi°.
you eulogize him, shta-do°'-he. I exchange, i'-ki-ka-wi° a-the.
we eulogize him, o^-tha'-dc-ha i. you exchange, i'-ki-ka-wi° tha-the.
evade (to), gi'-ha-ê. we exchange, i'-ki-ka-wi° o"-tha i.
Ievade, e'-ha-ge. excite (to), wa-tho°'-dse u-thi-go°-ha.

you evade, the'-ha-ê. excitement, same as excite; (2) k'o-
Ievaded the man, ni'-lja thi° e-ha-ge. k'o-bi; (3) ki-a'-hi-hi-tha.
you evaded the man, ni'-ka thi° the- great excitement, o'-ko°-di-the.
ha-5e. exclaim (as cry out), hu-ga'-gi.
even, gno^'-gno" go^-ge-gc; (2) gta- I exclaimed, a-hu-ga'-gi.
go'. you exclaimed, tha-hu'-ga-gi.
evening, o-pa'-ge; (2) pa'-ge; (3) u'-
exclude (to), e-no° u-ko°-dsi.
pa-ge (which see)
I excluded him, e-no° u-ko°-dsi
evening star, mi-â'-fe ho°-do° thi°- bthi dsi-ge ha.
kshe.
you excluded him, e-no° u-ko°-dsi
ever, i'-gi-ha.
u-he tha-tha zhi.
evergreen (plant), shi^'-zha hi.
excrement, i°-gthe.
everybody, ga'-ni. {See btho-ga.)
excursion (an), u-ba'-wi°-xe.
everything, same as everybody.
execrate, tha-pi-zhi.
everybody is going, ga-ni' a-tha bi a.
exempt from, u-ga'-shte.
evil, pi'-zhi.
exhaust (to), thi-thi°-ge.
ewe (young lamb), ta-gka' rai-ga.
exhausted, ga-gki'-ge.
exact, e-go° xtsi.
they became exhausted before I did,
examine (to), a'-ga-gu; i-ga-gko"-the.
ni' o°-wo°-ta-thi''.
I examined it, a'-a-ga-gu.
exhaustion (to die of), ga-gki'-t'e.
you examined it, a'-tha-ga-gu.
you might have died from exhaustion,
examine carefully, we-to°'-i°.
ga-gki'-t'e te.
examine one's self, u-ki'-gtha-gi°.
exhaustion (to suffer from), wa-
I examined myself, u-wa'-ki-gtha-gi°.
xpa-thi°.
3'ou examined yourself, u-tha-ki-
I suffered from exhaustion, o°-wo°'-
gtha-gi°.
xpa-thi".
we examined ourselves, o°-gu'-ki-
you suffered from exhaustion, wa-
gtha-gi° i.
thi'-xpa-thi°.
example (for others), wa-we'-ki-
we suffered from exhaustion, wa-wa'-
gtha gko°-the.
xpa-thi° i.
excavate (to), mo°-i°'-ka ba-k'u.
I excavate, mo°'-i"'-ka pa-k'u. exhilarate (to) u'-shka-shka-tho°.
you excavate, mo°-i°'-ka shpa-k'u. I am exhilarated, shka-shka-tho°

we excavate, mo°-i°'-ka o°-ba-k'u i.
pshi mi° kshe.
exceed (to), a'-gthi" ha. {Compare you are exhilarated, shka-shka-tho°

wa-ga'-xa.) shi ni kshe o.
I exceed, a'-a-gthi° ha.

we are exhilarated, shka-shka-tho°
o°-ga-hi o°-ga to".
you exceed, a'-tha-gthi° ha,
we exceed, wo°-ga'-gthi° i ha. exhibit (to), ba-ha'.
excel (to), ga-xa'. I exhibited, pa' -ha.

I excel, a'-xa. you exhibited shpa'-ha.
you excel, tha'-xa. we exhibited, o°-ba'-ha i.
we excel, o^-ga'-xa i. exhibition (an), da' -do" ba-ha.

exhumation, wa-ts'c gthi-xthu (which experiment (to), wa-we'-k'u-tse.

see). Iexperimented, wa-we-a'-k'u-tse.
exhume (to), thi-xthu'; wa-ts'e gthi- you experimented, wa-we'-tha-k'u-
xthu (which see). tse.
I exhume, bthi'-xthu. we experimented, wa-we-o°'-k'u-tsa i.
you exhume, ni'-xthu. expert, pi-o"'.

we exhume, o°-thi-xthu i. I am expert, pi'-mo°.
exile (to), a'-ga-ha-ta gthe kshi-thc. you are expert, shpi'-mo".
exist (to), ni. we are expert, o°-pi'-o" i.
I exist, a-ni'. explain (to), gi'-tha-wa-^ka.
you exist, tha-ni'. I explained, e-btha-wa-gka.
we exist, c'-ni-a-ga to", you explained, the-shna-wa-gska.
exit, a'-shi-the. explode (to), da'-po-]î.
I am going out, a'-shi-bthe a tha. the gun exploded, wa-hu'-to"-the
you are going out, a'-shi ne a-tha. a-ka da'-po-ki bi a.
we are going out, a'-shi o^-ga-tha i explore (to), mo"-zho"' do "-be.
a-tha. explorer (an), mo"-zho°' do "-be.
expand (to), thi-gtho°'-the-ha. exposed (to be), hi'-tho"-be.
expect (to), da'-do° i-tha-pe; (2) tsi- I am exposed, hi'-tho"-be a-gthi°.
tse a-a-zhi. you are exposed, hi'-tho"-be tha-
expectorate (to), i-xthi-tu; tha-k'i; gthi".
hu-xpe xthi-xthi. we are exposed, hi'-tho"-be o"-gthi° i.
I expectorate, i-xthi' a-tu. expostulate (to), wa-we'-gi-zhu-shi.

you expectorate, i-xthi tha-tu. I expostulated, we-a'-gi-zhu-shi.
I expectorate, btha-k'i. you expostulated, we'-tha-gi-zhu-shi.
you expectorate, sda-k'i. we expostulated, we-o"'-gi-zhu-shi i.
we expectorate, o "-tha-k'i i. exquisite, tha'-gthi" xtsi.

expedite, u'-no°-xthi° ga-xe. extending over, gtho"'-the-ha.
I expedited, u-no"-xthi" pa-xe. extending beyond, u-ba'-he.
you expedited, u-no°-xthi" shka-xe. exterior (the), a'-ga-ha kshe.
we expedited, u-nc-xthi" o°-ga-xa i. exterminate (to), thi"-ge' wa-the;
expel (to drive away), gtho°'-tha-ha (2) ni-the.
the ga-xe. I exterminated them, thi"-ge' a-wa-
I expelled him, gtho"'-tha-ha the the.
pa-xe. you exterminated them, thi"-ge' wa-
you expelled him, gtho^'-tha-ha the tha-the.
shka-xe. we exterminated them, thi"-ge' o"-
we expelled him, gtho°'-tha-ha the wa-tha i.
o"-ga-xa i. external, a'-ga-ha.

they expelled him, gtho°'-tha-ha extinct, thi"-ge' hi.
ga-xa bi o. to cause to become extinct, bi-da-zhi
expel (to dismiss), a'-ga-ha-ta gthe I cause it to become extinct, pi'-da-
kshi-the. zhi.
expensive, thi-wi° wa-tse-xi. you cause it to become extinct, shpi'-
coflfee is expensive, mo^-ljo"' â-be da-zhi.
thi-wi° wa-tse xi bi o. we cause it to become extinct, o"-bi'-
experience, da'-i-ba-ho" pi-o"-hi. da-zhi i.
I am experienced, da'-i-ba-ho" pi-mi "- extinguish (to), bi-da'-zhi.

kshe o. to extinguish a fire, da'-zhi.
you are experienced, da'-i-ba-ho" I extinguished the fire, pe'-dse bthi-
pi-o" she ni she o. da-zhi ha.
we are experienced, da'-i-ba-ho" o"- j'ou extinguished the fire, pe'-dse ni-
ga-hi bi o. da-zhi ha.
extinguish (to) —continued. exult (to), wa-k'o°'.
to extinguish with a wet cloth, I exulted, a-wa'-k'o°.
ga-da'-zhi, you exulted, wa-tha'-Vo".
to extinguish by poking, ba-da'-zhi. we exulted, o°-wa'-k'o° i.
I extinguished the fire by poking, pa'- eye, i-'-shta'.

da-zhi. eyebrows, i°-shta'-hi°.
you extinguished the fire by poking, my eyebrows are thin, {"-shta'-hi"
shpa'-da-zhi. ke o^-xe-be.
we extinguished the fire by poking, o»- eye (corner of), i°-shta'-the-dse.
ba'-da-zhi i. eyeglasses, nio^-ge i^-shta u-gtho".
extol (to), tha-do"'-he; (2) tha-tha'- eyelids, i'-ga-bi-zhe.
gthi-. eye (to open), i°-shta' ga-btha.
I extol, btha'-do°-he.
eye (pupil of), i"-shta' u-sha-be.
you extol, shta'-dc-he.
eye socket, i°-shta' u-gtho".
we extol, o°-tha'-do°-ha i.
eye (skin of), i°-shta'-ha.
extra, a'-gthi°-ha; i'-thi^ shno°.
extricate (to), a'-ga-gpe gthu-ge. eyetooth, i°-shta'-hi.
I extricated, a'-ga-gpe a-gthu-ge. eye (white of), i°-shta'-gka.
you extricated, a'-ga-gpe tha-gthu-ge. eyesore (disagreeable to look at),
we extricated, a'-ga-gpe o^-gthu-ga i. do°-be tha-gthi" a-zhi.
exude (to), a'-xthu-e. eyewater (a wash), i°-shta' u-thi-k'e.
fable (a), hi'-go (which see). fail (to), thu-ts'a-ge.

face (a), i°-dse'. I failed, bthu-ts'a-ge.
little brother washed his face, ka- you failed, stsu'-ts'a'ge.
zhi°-ga a-ka i°-dse gthu-zha bi a. we failed, o°-ga'-thu-ts'a-ga i.
facetious, shka-shka'-tho°. fail to win in a race, u-xtha-zhi.

facing, e-ta' u-ga-xthe. fail (to) grasp, thi'-kshi°-dse.
facing (the wind), ki'-mo^-ho" u-ga- I failed to grasp, bthi'-kshi°-dse.
xthe. you failed to grasp, ni'-kshi^-dse.
I go facing the wind, ki'-mc-ho" we failed to grasp, o^-thi'-kshi^-dsa i.
bthe ha. fail (to) get a good grasp, thi'-gtho°-

you go facing the wind, lj;i'-mo°-ho° tha.
stse ha. I failed to get a good grasp, bthi'-
we go facing the wind,, î'-mo^-ho" gtho°-tha.
o°-ga-tha i. you failed to get a good grasp,
faction, ba'-ta-ta. ni'-gtho°-tha.
facsimile, i'-do°-be ga-xa; (2) i'-go°-ge. we failed to get a good grasp,
fade (to), gi-gthe'-zhe. o"-thi'-gtho°-tha i.
my dress is faded, wa-tse wi-ta a-gka fail to understand, no°-thi".

gi-gthe-zha be-tha. I fail understand, a'-no°-bthi".
to
faded, as a flower, wa-thi'-xthi-ge. you failed to understand, tha-no°-ni.
faggot, da'-wi°-xe. failure to cut because of a dull
fail (to) to do with the foot, noo- knife, ba'-i°-zhi.
ts'a-ge. I failed to cut it, ba-a-i" mo^-zhi.
I failed to do it with my foot, you failed to cut it, ba-tha-i° a-zhi.

a'-no°-ts'a-ge. faint (to), ts'e.
you failed to do it with your foot, I faint, a'-ts'e.
tha'-no°-ts'a-ge. you faint, tha'-ts'e.
we failed to do it with our feet, we faint, o°'-ts'a i.
o°-no°'-ts'a-ga i. fairy (a), mi'-wa-gthu-shka.

.
fall (to) into the water, ni-u'-ba-xi. farsighted, do°'-be the-the.

I fell into the water, ni-u'-pa-xi. I am farsighted, to°'-be the-a-the.
you fell into the water, ni-u'-shpa-xi. you are farsighted, shto°'-be the-
we fell into the water, ni-c-gu'- tha-the.
ba-xi i. we are farsighted, o°-do°'-be the-o"-
Fall (of the year), To°. tha i.
fall (to), xi'-a-tha. fast (to), wa-no°'-btha-zhi.

I fall, a'-xi-btha. I fasted, a-wa'-no°-btha mo°-zhi.
}ou fall, tha-xi'-shta. you fasted, wa-tha'-no° btha zhi.
we fall, o"-xi'-tha i. fasten (to) firmly, ga'-gi.
fall violently, u'-he-ga-zhi u-xpa-the. fasten, make secure, ga-gi' u-thi-mo°.
fallacious, u'-wa-mo°-xe-the. I made it secure, ga-gi' u-bthi-mo°.
Falls Creek, Kans., Ni'-xe ga-xa you made it secure, ga-gi' u-stsi"-
(which see). mon.
false (to be), gi'-wi"-ka-zhi. we made it secure, ga-gi' o°-gu-
I was false, e'-gi-wi°-ka mo°-zhi. thi°-mo° i.
you were false, the'-gi-wi°-ka a-zhi. fat (to be), shi".

false (to make) statement, i-e e-gc- I am fat, c-shi"'.
zhi u-tha-ge. you are fat, thi-shi°'.
I made a false statement, i-e e-gc- fat meat, wa-shi°'.
zhi u-btha-ge. father (his or hers), i-tha'-dsi.
you made a false statement, i-e e-go°- his father is iU, i-tha'-dsi a-ka
zhi u-shta-ge. hiu-he ga bi a.
we made false statements, i-e e-gc- father-in-law, ts'a-ge.
zhi o°-ga-tha-gi o°-ga-to°. fatigue, ga-gki'-ge.
falter (to), a'-U'c'-gi-the. I am fatigued, o°-a'-gki-ge.
I falter, a'-k'o° a-gi-the. you are fatigued, thi-a'-gki-ge.
you falter, a'-l^'o" tha-gi-the. fatten (to), shi"' ga-xe.
we falter, a-k'o" o°-gi-tha i. I fattened the cattle, tse'-gka shi°
familiar, u-ga'-ts'u-ga. wa-pa-xe.
I am familiar with the woman, you fattened the cattle, tse'-gka
wa-^'u thi" u-wa-ga'-ts'u-ge ha. shi° wa-shka-xe.
family, tsi'-wa-zhu. favored (to be), o'-xta.
famine (a), u'-no°-bthe i-ts'a-the I am favored, o'-xta o°-gi-tha i ha.
(which see) you are favored, o'-xta thi-gi tha ba i
famished, (to be), no°-pe'-hi ts'e. ha.

I am
famished, no"-pe'-hi a-ts'e. we are favpred, o'-xta a-wa-gi-tha i.
you are famished, no°-pe'-hi tha-ts'e. favorite, e-no°' gi-tha-bi; (2) u-zhu
we are famished, no"-pe'-hi o°-ts'a i. a'-gi-zhi" bi thi°-kshe.
famous, do^-he' a-gi-zhi°. fawn, ta-gthe'-zhe; (2) tsa-gthe'-zhe
fan (a), i'-ki-a-dsi". zhi°-ga.
I have a feather fan, mo°-sho° i'-ki-a- fear (to) another, a'-ba-gtha.
dsi° wi" a-bthi° ha.
I fear him, a'-pa-gtha.
far away, we'-hi-dse (which see).
you fear him, a'-shpa-gtha.
farm (to), wa-thi'-to°.
we fear him, o°-ga-ba-gtha i.
farm (a), mo°-zho°'.
fear (to) darkness, u-ni'-zhi°.
I live on a farm, mo°-zho° a'-a-tsi-
I fear darkness, u-wa-ni'-zhi".
gthe.
you hve on a farm, mo°-zho° a'-tha- fear (to) inherent danger, wa-xthi.
tsi-gthe. Ihave a feeling of fear, o°-wo°'-xthi.
we live on a farm, mo^-zho" o"'-ga- you have a feeling of fear, wa-thi'-
tsi-gtha i. xthi.
LA FLKSCHE] OSAGE DICTIONAKY 267
fear (to) bodily harm, no°'-pe; feel (to) by poking the ground,
ko'-i-pshe; wa-no°-pe. ba-to°.
I am afraid, wa-no°-a'-pe. feet (the), î tse.
you are afraid, wa-no°-tha'-pe. feign (to pretend), go^-ge'.

fearless, no^'-pa-zhi; no°'-pe thi"-ge. I feigned (pretended), po°-ge.
I am fearless, no"'-pe o°-thi°-ge. you feigned (pretended), shko^-ge'.
you are fearless, no°'-pe thi-thi°-ge. I did not feign a hurt thumb, p"-ga'
I am fearless, no"-a'-pa mo^-zhi. mo°-zhi he no°-be hi u-to°-ga ni-e
you are fearless, no°-tha'-pa-zhi. a-ki pa-xe te.
we are fearless, no°'-o°-pa ba-zhi. felicitate (to), gi-hi^'-xa.
fearless (to be), wa-sho'-she. I felicitate, a-hi°'-xa.
I am fearless, a-wa'-sho-she. you felicitate, tha-hi^'-xa.
you are fearless, wa-tlii'-sho-slie. felon, i'-gtha-no° a-ka.
we are fearless, wa-wa'-sho-sha i. female, mi-ga'.
feast (time of eating), ki'-ku. femur (thigh bone), wa-zhi'-be u-
I invited him to a feast, e'-ku. to"'-ga.
you invited him to a feast, the'-kii. fence, a'-ba-ta.
you invited them to a feast, we- I put them on a fence, a'-ba-ta
the'-ku. a-ga-ha a'-a-zhu i° da.
I go to a feast, Ifi'-ku bthe ha. you put them on a fence, a'-ba-ta
you go to a feast, ki'-lj;u stse ha. a-ga-ha a-tha-zhu i° da.
we go to a feast, ki'-ku o°-ga-tha i ha. fence breaking, ba-shi-be.
feather (to) an arrow shaft, a'-tha- fence breaking by striking, a'-ba-ta
ge. ga-ta-tha.
I feathered an arrow shaft, mo"'-a- I broke down the fence, a'-ba-ta
btha-ge. a-ta-tha.
you feathered an arrow shaft, mo"'- you broke down the fence, a'-ba-ta
a-shda-ge. tha-ta-tha.
we feathered an arrow shaft, mo°' we broke down the fence, a'-ba-ta
o°-ga-tha-ga i. o°-ga-ta-tha i.
feathers, mo°'-sho°. fence jumping (hurdle), a'-ba-ta

feathers of an arrow, i-tha'-tha-ge. a'-u-wi-gi.
feathers, spotted tail, o"'-be gthe- fence post, zho°'-bo-ga.
zhe. ferret (a), he'-xthi°.
feathery, ga-mo°'. ferry, ba-dse' o-pshe tse.
February, Ho"'-ba stse-dse (which fester (to), xthi.
see); Mi'-u-lj;o"-dsi. mj' hand is festered, sha'-ge tse
fed (to be), u'-k'i-bi. o°-xthi.
fee (a). {See salary.) fetch (to), a-thi°'-gi.
feed (to), u'-k'i. fetch water, ni'-dsi.
feeble eyesiglit, xi'-dse. Igo to fetch water, ni'-dsi bthe ha.
feeble as to strength, u'-ka-wa-the; you go to fetch water, ni'-dsi ne ha.
(2) o'-ka-wa-the. fetlock (the), a'-ga-zho°.
feeble state of mind, u'-no°-ts'a-ge fetter (to), hi'-ko^-a-ge.
hi. I fettered my horse, ka-wa wi-ta
feel (to) in the water with the foot, to" hi-lio°-a-ge pa-xe.
noi^'-to". You fettered your horse, Ika'-wa thi-
I felt in the water with my foot, ta to° hi-ko°-a-ge shka-xe.
a-no°'-to". We fettered our horses, ka'-wa o°-
you felt in the water with your foot, gu-to° hi-lco "-a-ge o°-ga-xa i.
tha-no°'-to°. fever (to have), zhu' da-ka-dse.
we felt in the water with our feet, I have a fever, o"'-ba-da-ka-dse.
o°-no°'-to° i. you have a fever, da-thi'-lja-dse.
67025—32 18
feverish (to be), a'-tsi°. finger (little), no°-be u-zhi°'-ga.

I am feverish, o"'-tsi°. finger (third), sha'-ge u-ho°-ge.
you are feverish, a'-thi-tsi". finger (middle), sha'-ge u-stse'-dse
we are feverish, wa-tsi° i. tse.
feverish body, zho'-da-â-de. fingers (all), sha'-ge u-ga-be.

few, dsu'-ba. finish (to), thi-shto"'.
fib (to), i'-xo-be. I finished, bthi'-shto°.
I fib, o°-tho'''-xo-be. you finished, stsi-shto".

you fib, i-thi'-xo-be. finish (to) making, gthi-shto"'.
fiddle (a), bagi'-dse. I finished the bow, a-gthi'-shto°
field (a), u'-vve. mii^-dse ke.
cornfield,wa-ha'-ba u-we. you finished the bow, tha-gthi'-shto"
oat ka'-wa no°-bthe u-we.
field, mi^-dse ke.
wheat field, wa-mu'-gke u-we. we finished the bow, o°-gthi'-shto" i
field glass, we'-do°-be. mi°-dse ke.
fiery (spirited), u'-he-ga-zhi. finish (to) building, wa-thi'-shto°.
the horse is fiery, â'-wa u-he-ga zhi. I finished the house, tsi ga-xe bthi-
fifteen, a-ghthi"' ga-to°. shto°.
fifth, we'-ga-to°. you have finished the house, tsi
fiftieth, we'-gthe-btho° ga-to°. ga-xe stsi-shto°.

fifty, gthe'-btho° ga-to°. fire, pe-dse.
fifty cents, ga-shpe'-du-ba; u-ki'-gte. I pushed the wood on the fire,
fight (to), a'-ki-tha; da-ge'. pe'-dse a-pa-do" a-tha.

I fight, a'-a-ki-btha. firebrand, da'-wi''-xe.
you fight, a'-tha-^;i-na. fire flint, mo"'.-hi°-gi.
I fight, a-da-ge'. fireplace, u-dse'-the i'° pe-dse-the

you fight, tha-da-ge. (which see) u-zhe'-tsi.
;
we fight, o^-da'-ga i. we have a fireplace in our house,

figuratively, wa-we-ga-gko°-the.
i'-e pe'-dse u-dse-the wi" o°-ga-thi°
filch (to), as to steal, mo°-tho°. i ha.
file (to) with a rasp, ba-mo°'. fire shovel, no°-xthi'-i-thi-ge.
I file, pa'-mo°. fire tongs, pe-dse i-tha-t he-go °-dse.
you file, shpa'-mo°. fireweed, same as firefly,
we file, o^-ba'-mo" i. firefiy, wa-da'-xo^-xo".
file (n.), a steel file, we'-ba-mo°. children like to catch fireflies, zhi°-ga
fill (to), u-gi'-pi-ga-xe. zhi°-ga a-ba wa-da'-xo°-xo° u-xthe
I filled it, u-gi'-pi-pa-xe. gi-tha-gthi.
you filled it, u-gi'-pi-shka-xe. first, pa-ho"' gthe-the.
we filled it, u-gi'-pi o°-ga-xa i. first-class, e-no° tha'-gthi°.
final, u-thu'-ha-ge. fish, ho.
finally, sho°'-a-ba. fishback, ho'-no"-ka.
find (to), we' -the. fish bait, to'-zhu.
I have found them, we'-a-the i° da. give me some fish bait, to'-zhu du-ba
you have found them, we'-tha-the o°-k'i o.
i° da. fish bladder, ho'-tse-dse-xe.
find (to) something lost, i'-the; fish fins, ho' a-hi°.
i'-lji-the. fish gall, ho'-pi-gi.
find (to) for one's self, i-tha'-î-the. fishhook, ho'-u-the-thi°-ge; hu'-i-ge;
fine (good), tha'-gthi°. ho'-i-gi.
fine (payment in court), i'-gtha-no° fishline, ho'-thi-ge i-lso^-the; hu'-i-
wa-gi-shi-be. ko°-the.
finger (index), (1) we'-a-ba-gu; (2) fish net, hu-i'-thu-se.
sha'-ge we-a-ba-gu. fish scales, hu-xi°'-ha.
finger nail, sha'-ge ha. fishtail, hu'-gi°-dse.
fishing (to go), ho'-o-gtho°. flatter (to), lî'-hi°-xa.

I invite you to go fishing, ho'-o-gtho° I flatter myself, a-ki'-hi^-xa.
a-wi-pe. you flatter yourself, tha'-ki-hi^-xa.
I am going fishing, he'-o-gtho° bthe we flatter ourselves, o°-l<:i'-hi''-xa i.
a-tho. flatterer, wa-hi°'-xa-shto".

fist, no°-be' thi-gki-ge. flattery, hi°'-xe-go"-ge.
I struck hinoL with my fist, no "-be' flay (to), ha-thi-xa'-be.
thi-gki-ge i-tha'-tsi° ha. I flay, ha-bthe'-xa-be.
you struck him with your fist, no°-be' you flay, ha-ni'-xa-be.
thi-gki-ge i'-tha-tsi" ha. flea (a), wi'-gi-gi.
fit (to), e'-tho"-gka. flee (to), ha'-ge.
my shoes do not fit, a'-no°-ta-xi tho° I flee, a'-ha-ge.
e-o^-tho^-gka mo°-zhi ha. you flee, tha'-ha-ge.
your shoes fit, a'-no^-ta-xi thi-ta we flee, o°-ha'-ga i.
tho° e-thi-tho"-gka ha. fleet (to be), k'o°-ga-gi.

it fits me, e-o°'-tho°-gka. I am fleet (footed), a-k'o°-ga-gi.
it fits you, e'-thi-tho°-gka. you are fleet (footed), tha-k'o"-ga-gi.
it fits us, e-a'-wa-tho°-gka i. we are fleet (footed), o^-k'o^'-ga-gi.

five spot (playing card), ga'-to° a-zhi. flesh, ta'-zhu.
flabbiness, zhu-i-ga u-ga' wa-wa. fleshing (the act of removing loose
flaccid (limber), a'-zhu-ga-wa. meat from the hide of an ani-
flag (the), ha-gka' wa-xthe-xthe (which mal), ba'-zha-be.
see). I am fleshing, pa'-zha-be.
flambeau, da'-ko° i-ga-xe. you are fleshing, shpa'-zha-be.
flames, da'-xthi°; (2) po-e'. we are fleshing, o^'-ba-zha-ba i.
flames caused by the blowing of flew (past tense of flee), gi-o°'-i-the.

the wind, ga-pu'-e. the blackbird flew away: wa-zhi°'-ga
flask (a), ni-xo'-dse we-u-zhi. ga-be a-ba gi-o"' a-tha bi a.
flat (to be), btha'-]i'a. flicker (a bird), go°'-gi-ga. Belongs
flatboat, ba-dse' btha-^'a. to the woodpecker family,
flat head, da-dse' btha-k'a. fling (to), o°'-tha i-the-the.
flatten (to) with a hammer, ga- I fling something, o°'-btha the-a-the.
btha'-gka. you fling something, o°'-sda i-the-
I flattened it with a hammer, a'-btha- tha-the.
gka. flintlock musket, wa-ho'-to°-the
you flattened it with a hammer, tha'- mo°'-ga-zhe-ga e-go° (which see).
btha-gka. Flint Rock Creek, Okla., r°-gka'-pa-
we flattened it with a hammer, o°- gi ga-xa.
ga'-btha-gka i. flirt, i'-xa-shto°.
flatten (to) with a plane, ba'-btha- he is a flirt, ni'-ka-shi-ga she i-xa-
gka. shto° bi a.
flatten (to) by stepping on it, you are a flirt, i'-xa-shto" shni ha.
no°-btha'-gka. floating (to), ga-ha'-ha; u-ga' -ha-ha.
flatten (to) by shooting, bo-btha'- leaves are floating about in the
gka. water, zho° a-be u-ga' -ha-ha bi a
flatten (to) by cutting, ba' -btha-k'a. ni ke.
I flattened it bv cutting, ba'-a-btha- floating in the air, ga-mo°'-thi°.
k'a. flogging, u-tsi°.
you flattened it by cutting, ba'-tha- you gave a flogging, u-tha'-tsi".
btha-k'a. flood (a), ni-do"'.
we flattened it by cutting, ba'-o°- we had a flood this Spring, be-do"
btha-k'a i. the thu ni'-do".
Flat Bock, Okla., Qiu-ka'-sha-ge e-go°. floor, a'-no°-ko-ge.
floor (wooden), a-no"'-ku-ge. fond (to be) of, u'-xta-the.

florid (refers to complexion), i"-dse I am fond of that person, u'-xta-a-
zhu'-zhu-dse. the.
flour, wa-bo'-gke. you are fond of that person, u'-xta-
flourish, gthi'-u-bthi". tha-the.
flower, xtha. fond (to be), as like, o°'-o-xta.
flower (white), xtha-gka. I like, o°-o'>-xta.
I smell the white flower, xtha-gka you like, thi-o-xta.

tho" u-bthi-btho°. fondness for men, ni'-ka i-thi-gtho°.
you smell the white flower, xtha- foot (a), gi.
gka tho" u-stsi-btho". foot pain, gi'-thi ni-e.
flower (red), xtha zhu-dse. at the foot, u-dse'-ta.
flower (blue), xtha to. footpath, u-zho°'-ge zhi°-ga,
flower (yellow), xtha-gi. footprint, gi-gthe'; (pi.) u-gi-gthe.
fluent speaker, i-e' pi-o°. footsteps, gi-thu'-ge; u-gi'-thu-ge; wa'-
flute (a), u-bi'-xo°. gi-thu-ge.
fluttering, u-thi'-ho"-ho°. I took footsteps, gi-bthu'-ge.
fly (to), gi-o"'. you took footsteps, gi-stsiu'-ge.
fly (to) on or over, a'-gi-o°. we took footsteps, gi-o°'-thu-ga i.
it flew over me, o°'-gi-o°. they took footsteps, gi-thu-ga.

itflew over you, a-thi'-gi-o°. forbear (to), tho°'-zhi-the.
the crow flew over me, ka-xe a'-gi-o°. forbid (to), i'-zhu-shi.
fly (common house), ho°'-tse-ga. I forbid, i-tha'-zhu-shi.
foam, bo'-ta-to-xa; (2) ta-to'-xa. you forbid, i'-tha-zhu-shi.

foe (enemy), i'-gi-bi-the; (2) ki°'-da-ga we forbid, o°-tho°'-zhu-shi i.
bi-the. force (to), wa-shko°.

fog, i'-ki-sho-dse. force (to) to abandon property, ga-
I was lost in the fog, o°-wo°-xpa-the she'.
ha, i'-ki-sho-dse ke. I him off his property, a' -she.

forced
you were lost in the fog, u-thi'-xpa- you forced him off his property, tha'-
the ha, i' ki-sho-dse ke. she.
the boat was lost in the fog, ba-dse' we forced him off his property, o"-
a-ba u-xpa'-tha ha i'-Id-sho-dse ke. ga-sha i.
fold (to) a shawl or blanket, a'-ki- ford (a), o-pshe'.
thi-gta.
ford (to), zhu'-he.
I fordthe river, zhu'-a-he ni-lje.
fold (to), goods, be-to".
you ford the river, zhu'-tha-he ni-ê.
I fold, pe-to°.
forearm, a-u-btha'-gka; (2) a'-zu-zhi"-
you fold, shpe-to°.
ga.
we fold, o°-be'-to°.
forebode, foreboding, u'-be-hni.
foliage, a' -be.
forehead, i°-dse'-ha; (2) pe.
follow (to), o-tha'-ha.
forelock, pe-stsu'-dse.
I follow, o-btha'-ha.
foreman (a), wa-thi'-to° wa-ga-zhi.
you follow, o-sda'-ha.
forest (a), o-xtha'-be; u-xtha'-e
(2)
follow (to), expressing futurity, ba-ta; (3) zho°-gthe.
u'-tha-ha. foretell (to), u'-be-hni.
I shall follow them, u'-btha-ha I foretold, u-pe'-hni.
bthe ta mi kshe o. you foretold, u-shpe'-hni.
follow (to) after, u-thu-a'-wa-to°. we foretold, o°-gu'-be-hni.
I follow after him, u-thu-a-wa-to° forever, sho^'-sho'^-e.
a-no^-zhi". forget (to), a'-gtho°-thi°.
following the wind, a'-ga-xthe u-ga- I forget, a'-a-gtho^-bthi".
xthe. you forget, a'-tha-gtho°-ni.
forgot, gi-nc'-thi"; gi-î-tha-zhi. freeze (to) onto something, a'-da.

I forgot, a-gi'-gi-tha mo"-zhi. water freezes on it, ni' te o^-da ha.
you forgot, tha-gi'-gi-tha zhi. water freezes on you, ni' te a-thi-da
we forgot, o^-gi'-gi-thi ba-zhi i. ha.
fork (a), wa-hiu'-lj'e zha-ta. freeze (to) to death, gni'-te-ts'e.
forked, ba-zha'-ge. the bird froze to death, wa-zhi°-ga
forked awl, wa-hiu'-ka zha-ta. ke cni'-te-ts'e.
forked tail, on'-be-zha-ta. frequency, i'-gi-ha.
formidable, no°'-pe-wa-the. frequent, same as frequency.
fort (a), a'-]j:i-da to°-wo°. frequented, o-shko^'-bi-ge.
fortification, same as fort. fresh, tse'-ga-xtsi.
fortitude, wa-zhi°'-stse-dse. freshen (to), as placing wood on a
fortnight, o°'-ba wa-ko"-da-gi tho°- fire, a'-ba-do°.
ba. I freshen the fire, a'-pa-do".
fortunate, gi' e-go". you freshened the fire, a'-shpa-do".
fortunately, o'-xo-be xtsi.

we freshened the fire, o°'-ga-ba-do" i.
freshet, ni-do°'.
fortunately I did not go, o'-xo-be-
xtsi btha mo°-zhi° ha.
we had a freshet this Spring, be-do°
the-thu ni-do°' bi a.
forty, gthe'-btho° do-ba.
Friday, Ta-tha'-ta-zhi ho°-ba (which
forward, wa-ga'-ts'a e-zhi.
see).
four, do'-ba; du'-ba.
fried bread, wa-dsiu'-e ga-stse e
four spot (playing cards), do'-ba
(which see).
a-zhi (which see).
friend, i-ko'-tha; ku-tha.
fourteen, a-gthi°' do-ba.
he is my friend, i-ku'-tha wi-ta.
I have fourteen horses, sho°'-ge
he is your friend, i-ku'-tha thi-ta.
a-gthi° do-ba wa-bthi°.
friend to children, wa'-ga-ki-e.
you have fourteen horses, sho°'-ge friend (my), wi-ku-tha.
a-gthi° do-ba wa-ni.
friend (your), thi-û'-tha.
fourth, we' do-ba. friendly (to be), tho'-da-the.
fourth time, we' do-bi-o°. frightened (to be), wa-no^'-pe.
fowl (of any kind), wa-zhi°'-ga. to frighten an animal, thi'-hi.
Fox Indian, ga-ge'-wa. I frightened an animal, bthi'-hi.
fracas (a disturbance), u'-tsi-zhe. j'ou frightened an animal, ni'-hi.
fracture (a), xthe'-ge. we frightened an animal, o "-thi'-
fragile, xthe'-ge u-mo'^-ka. hi i.
fragrance, btho°-tha'-gthi°. frightful, no°'-pe-wa-the.

fragrance (a pleasing), ga-btho°'. frigid, hni wa'-gthi°.
fragment, u-shpe'; (2) shpe' zhi°-ga. frill, ga-stse' -stse.
frame house, no°'-ha tsi. fringe, ga-mi'-mi; (2) wa-hiu' ga-stse.
frame of a house, hiu'-gthe. frog (a), tse'-biu-k'a.
the frame of the house is finished, frog (gray), tse'-biu-k'a xo-dse zhi°-ga.
tsi tse hiu'-gthe ge thi-shto° bi a.
frog (striped headed), tse'-biu-k'a pa
fraud, wa-mo°'-xe-the. gthe-ge.
freckles, i°-dse' gthe-zhe. frog (bullfrog), tse'-biu-k'a ni-zhiu
free (to be) from pain, u-tha'-shta-ge. a-xa.
I am free from pain, o°-wo°-tha- from that time, e-dsi to°-do°.
shta-ge. from here, the'-ga-to°.
you are free from pain, u-thi-tha- frontier, mo°-zho°' u-ki-ho°-ge.
shta-ge. front (to the), i-to^'-thi-a-ta.
free will, wa-zhi° i-ta. frost, xe'-mo°-ge.
I did it of my own free will, wa- froth, ta-to'-xa.
zhi°' wi-ta pa-xe. frown, pe-thi-thi'-gke.
frowzy, he'-xpa. frugal, da-do °'-u-she.

the woman has a frowzy head, wa- fruit, wa-5ki'-the.
1^'u a-ka ta-xpe tho° he'-xpa hi a. full, u-gi'-pi.
frozen, da. funeral, wa-xe'.
I am frozen, o°-da'. fur, hi".
you are frozen, thi-da'. furnace, tsi-u-da'-stsu-e ga-xe.
we are frozen, wa-da' i. furniture, tsi-u-thii-ga we-lji-k'o"^
(2) my ears are frozen, no°-ta tse furrow, u-thi'-xthu-xtha.
o"-da. futile, e'-go° tho°-ta-zhi.
your ears are frozen, no"-ta tse future (the), i-tho°'-tha-ha.
thi-da.
a
gain, u-kshe'-to". gash (to), thi'stse'-ge.
galaxy, wa-î'-da u-zho°-ge. I gash, bthi'-stse-ge.
gale (a windstorm), ta-dse' §a-gi. you gash, ni'-stse-ge.
gallant, wa-sho'-she. gash (skin with a knife), ba'-stse-ge.
gallon, we'-ga-xto° ni. gash (skin repeatedly), ga-stse'-stse-
gallop (to), no°'-ge. ge.
I galloped, a-no°'-ge. gather (to) together, thi-thi'-gki.
you galloped, tha-no"'-ge. Igathered together, bthi'-thi-gki.
we galloped, o°-non'-ga i. you gathered together, stsi'-thi-gki,
gamble (to), lj:'o°; i'-k'o°. gather (from the ground), ba-hi'.
I gamble, a'-ls:'o°. I gathered from the ground, pa-hi'.
you gamble, tha'-lj'o". you gathered from the ground, shpa'-
we gamble, o°-wo°'-k'o". hi.
I go to gamble, a-k'o" bthe ha. we gathered from the ground, o°-
you go to gamble, tha-k'o" stse ha. ba'-hi i.
we go to gamble, o°-k'o° o°-ga-tha i. gaunt, xtha-zhi°'-ga.

gangrene, zhe-ga' xthi-ba-the. ka'-wa-
gelding, sho°-dse' thi°-ge; (2)
gap (as an opening), u-k'a'-be. sho°-dse thi^-ge.
gap in a ridge (1) a'-thi^-^ki-da; (2)
genealogy, u'-thu-da lj:i-the.
gki'-da.
general (military title), a'-lji-da
garage, u-thi'-to°-tha u-no°-zhi".
wa-to"-ga.
garfish, (1) hu-pa'-gi stse-e; (2) ho-pa'-
Qu stse-e (which see). generate (to), zhi°-ga-to°.
gargle (to), ni-u'-tha-thu-zhe. generous, do°'-he; (2) gi'-wa-xthi-zhi;
I gargled, ni-u'-btha-thu-zhe. (3) wa-ga'-the-shto".
you gargled, ni-u'-shta-thu-zhe. he is a generous man, ni'-â-shi-ga
we gargled, ni-o°-gu'-tha-thu-zha i. gi-wa-xthi-zhi bi a.
garlic, mo°-zho°'-xe (which see). gentle, wa-shta'-ge; wa-ts'e-ga.
garments, wa'-tha-ha. the horse is gentle, â'-wa a-ka wa-
garrote, do'-dse u-thi°-ge. ts'e-ga bi a.
garrulity, i'-ha u-tsi. genuine, wi°'-te.
garter, hiu'-i-ni. gesticulate (to), wa-we'-^'u-tse.
gas, e-wa'-zhi" po-e. {See ta-dse' po-e.) gesture, wa-we'-k'u-tse.
we burn gas, e-wa-zhi° po-e pe-dse get up, no°-zhi° o u.
o°-tho° ga-xe no° bi a. ghost, wa-no°'-xe i°-gtho°'-xe.
you cook with gas, e-wa'-zhi° po-e wi gills, ho-i' tha-ge.
u-tha-ho" no" bi a. gimlet, we'-u-thi-k'u-dse.
gas well, e-wa'-zhi° po-e ni hni. gingham, ha-gka'.
a gas well is on my land, e-wa'-zhi" gird (to), pi'-tha-to°.
po-e ni-hni wi° mo°-zho° tho"-di girdle, i'-pi-tha.
a-bthi° ha. girth, thiu'-e-i-thu-gta-ge.
lA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 273
give (to), k'i; wa-k'i'. go (to) — continued.
I give, a-]j'i. I ordered him to go, the' a-a-ga-zhi.
you give, tha-^'i. you ordered him to go, a-tha-ga-zhi.
(2) I give, a'-wa-lj'i. go (to) across country, a'-thi-ta.
give (to me), o°-k'i. (Om. same.)
give away, da-do°' ga-the; k'u. I went across country, a'-thi-ta bthe.
I gave away a horse, ka'-wa wi° pa- you went across country, a'-thi-ta
the. stse.
you gave away a horse, ka'-wa wi" we went across country, a'-thi-ta
shka'-the. o°-ga-tha i.
we gave away a horse, ka'-wa wi° go (to) after something, a'-gi-the.
o°-ga-tha i. go (to) after something belonging
gizzard, wa-da'-u-zhi. to one's self, a'-gthe-ge mo"-
gladden (to), gi'-5u ga-xe. thi° o.
it gladdened my heart, tho^'-dse wi- I have been after it, a'-gtha-ge pshi a
ta gi-gu-shka-xe ha. tho.
glade, u-xtha'-be u-ko". go (to) after wood, zho° k'i".
gladness, u'-gi-QU. go (to) and see,
wa-do^'-be mo^-thi" o.
glancing blow, ga-kshi°'-dse. go (to) forth regardless of danger,
I struck a blow that glanced away, ga-sho°'-tha.
a'-kshi°-dse. go (to) from house to house, a'-pshe.
you struck a blow that glanced away, go (to) home, gthe; mo°-thi° o.
tha'-kshi°-dse. I go home, a-gthe' a-tho.
we struck a blow that glanced away, You go home, tha-gthe' a-tho.
o°-ga'-kshi°-dsa i. go (to) out, a'-she-the.
glanders, pa-xthi"' a-gtu-e. I am going out, a'-shi-bthe.
glare (of the sun), a'-da-xi-dse. you are going out, a'-shi ne a-tha.
the glare of the sun hurts my eyes, we are going out, a'-shi o"-ga-tha i a
i°-shta' wi-ta a'-da-xi-dse o°-ni'-e tho.
ha. goal (as in football), u-lji'-dse.
glass, i'°-ko°-ba. God, Wa-ko°'-da.
glen, u-lj'u'-be zhi°-ga. gold money, mo°'-ge-gka gi.
glisten (to), thi-gthi'-gthi-e. gone, the.
globular, da'-pa. I have not gone, btha'-mo'^-zhi".
glorify (to), tha-do^'-he. when all have gone, thi-u'-dse do",
glossy hair, hi^'-go-dse. gone home, kshi-gthe'.
the horse has glossy hair, ka-wa to have gone, hi-the'.
a-ka hi°'-go-dsa bi a. gnat, i^-shta' u-thi-ho^-ho".
gloves, sha'-ge u-thi-xtha. good, tha'-gthi°.
glue, hi°'-pa; (2) wa'-tha-gta; (3) we'- a good voice, ho tha'-gthi".
tha-gta. a good blanket, ha-xi° tha'-gthi".
glued, a'-tha-gta. gooseberries, pe'-gi-ga.
glutton, do'-dse-ha; wa-no°'-bthe to°- gopher, mo°-thi"'-ga.
ga. gopher hill, mo^-ba'-tsi-he.
gnarled (like an old tree), u-thi'- gorilla, hiu'-dse to°-ga.
btha. the gorilla frightened me, hiu'-dse
gnash (to), hi-tha'-gi-gi-dse. to°-ga a-ka o°-ba ha-tha bi a.
gnash (to) with teeth, hi'-ke a-tha- gosling, mi'-xa sha-be zhi"-ga.
go°-dse. gourd, i'-ni-i-zhe.
go (to), the. gourmand, do'-dse-ha.
I go, bthe. grab (to), u-thi°'-ge. (For parts see
you go, stse. to grasp.)
we go, o°-ga'-tha i. gradual, xthi'-zhi go"-tha.
.
gradually, same as gradual. grazing, same as to graze.

grain, u-û'. the horses are grazing, lj;a'-wa a-ka
granary, ha'-ba tsi. wa-ba' hi bi o.
grand, wax-ka'-da-zhi. grease, we'-gthi. (See petroleum.)
grandchild, zhi"-ga u'-wa-ki-ho". grease for the hair, i'-gda-the.
1^ my grandchild, wi-tsu'-shpa. grease (to), gna'-the.
'
my
dear grandchild, wi-lsu'-shpa zhi I grease, gua'-a-the.
1/ xtsi tho° (woman speaking). you grease, gna'-tha-the.

^ my grandchild, shpa-tho"' he (woman grease paint, we'-cda-the.
speaking) greasy, tho'-tho
grandee, ni'-ka do°-he. great, gtho°'-the.
grandfather, i-tsi'-go. Great Dipper, Wa'-ba-ha.
my grandfather, wi-tsi'-go. greatly, wa'-gthi".
your grandfather, thi-tsi'-go. greatness, gtho°'-the.
grandmother, wi-ko'; i-ko'. green, ô'-ho.
my grandmother, i'-ljo-e. greet (to), (m. hv.) ha-we'; (w. sp.)
your grandmother, thi-ljo', ha-ve'.
granite (colored), i'" zhu-dse. gregarious, u-ba'-tse a-ki-gtha thi".
grapes, ha'-gi. grenadier, a'-ki-da.
I like red grapes, ha'-gi zhu-dse greyhound (small nose), sho"'
o°-tha-gthi° ha. pa-zhi°-ga.
grapes (fox), ha'-gi xo-dse. grief, gi-ho°' a-zhi.
grapevine, ha'-gi hi. grimace, i^-dse'-thi pi-zhi.
grasp (to), u-thi"'-ge. {See to hold). grin (a), i'-xa zhi"-ga.
I grasp, u-bthi"'-ge. grip (to hold fast), ga-gi' u-thi^-ge.
you grasp, u-stsi°'-ge. I held it fast, ga-gi' u-bthi°-ge.
we grasp, o°-gu'-thi°-ga i. you held it fast, ga-gi' u-stsi°-ge.
grass, pe'-she; mo "-hi"'; xa'-dse. we held it fast, ga-gi' o°-gu-thi°-ga i.
I pulled the grass, xa'-dse ke bthi-sda. grippe, hu'-xpe-pi-zhi.

you pulled the grass, xa'-dse ke gristle, xi'-xi-ni.
ni-sda. gristmill, ho-we-tsi.
grass (buffalo), mc-hi"' btho°-ge. I went to the gristmill, ho'-we tsi tse
grasshopper, da-da'-ge; i°-shta' xi° pshi.
da-da-ge (which see). you went to the gristmill, ho'-we
grasshopper (great green), da-da'-ge tsi tse shi ha.
ho to°-ga. grizzly bear, mi"'-tsu.
grateful, we'-hno°; we'-shno°. groan, i'-ga-to°.
I am grateful, we-a-hno°. I groan, i-tha'-ga-to°.
you are grateful, we-tha'-hno°. you groan, i'-tha-ga-to°.
gratification, gi'-do"-he. we groan, o"-tho"-ga-to'' i.
gratified, we'-no°-de. grocery, u'-no°-bthe.

gratitude, u'-we-hno". groin, i-tsi'-wa-shko°.
the man expressed his gratitude, grooves in arrow shafts, mo°'-thu-
ni'-â-shi-ga we-hno''' a i ha. gthe-ge.
grave, wa-xe'. grope, u-xpa'-the.
gravel, i'°' zhi"-ga.
I groped, o°-wo"'-xpa-the.
gravy, wa-dsu'-dse.
you groped, u-thi'-xp.a-the.
gray, xo'-dse.
we groped, u-wa'-xpa-tha i.
gray fox, mo "'-zhi" tha-gthi°.
gray horse, lj:a'-wa xo-dse. ground, mo°-i"'-ka; to°'-de.
grayish, xo'-de. ground wasp, ho°-be' u-pe (which
gray oak, zho°' xu-dse. see).
graze (to), wa-ba'-hi. group, ba-tse'.

grove, pa'-xpe; (2) ii-xtha'-be; u-xtha'-c —

guest continued.
ba-ta. you have a guest, i'-ki-mo"-thi° wi°
grow (to), no". thi-ta-pe a-tsi bi a.
grow in ponds, ga'-btha-^ka. guided, thi-tho'-to°.
grow to maturity, no° a-tha. I guided, bthi'-tho-to°.
I have grown to maturity, a'-no° you guided, ni'-tho-to°.
a-tha. we guided, o^-thi'-tho-to" i.
you have grown to maturity, tha- guilt, i'-gtha-no".

no°' a-tha. guiltless, i'-gtha-no° thi°-ge.
we have grown to maturity, o°-no"' guilty, i'-gtha-no°.
bi a a-tha. he is guilty, i'-gtha-no° bi tse gi'-
growl (to), xthi°. ho°-a-zhi" wa-gthi" bi a.
the dog growled, sho°'-ge a-ka xthi" gulch, u-li'u'-be.
bi a. gullet, do'-dse; we'-tha-hni.
to cause an animal to growl by gulp (to), tha-hni'.
poking with a stick, ba-hu'-to°. I gulped, btha'-hni.
grudge, ki-ki'-zhi°. you gulped, na'-hni.
gruel (made of corn), wa-dsu'-dsc. we gulped, o°-tha'-hni i.
guaranty, wa-we'-no°-xe to°. gumboil, hi-pe' ni-e.

guard (a wrist support), a'-ko°-ta. I have a gumboil,hi-pe' ke o"-ni-e,
guard (to), a'-do°-be. gum plant, mi'-ta o-ga-xthe.
the dog watches the house, sho^'-ge gums, hi-pe' thiu'-zha.
a-ka tsi tse a-do°-ba i lia. gum weed, zha'-pa.
guardhouse, ho°-no°-pa-5e tsi. gun, wa-ho'-to°-the (which see).
guardian (one who guards), da'-i- the gun exploded, wa-ho'-to°-the
tha do°-be. a-ka da'-po-lji-bi o.
my guardian, da'-i-tha do°-be wi-ta gun (breech-loading), wa-ho'-to°-the
a-ka. u-ba-xo".
your guardian, da'-i-tha do°-be thi-ta I polished my gun, wa-ho'-to°-the
a-ka. a-gi pi-tsi-ga.
guardian of things, da-we-gi' do "-be. gunpowder, wa-ho'-to"-the ni-xo-dse;
guess (to), wa-tha'-dse. mo^'-ge ni-xo-dse.
(2)
guest, i'-ki mo°-thi°. gun wad, mo°'-ga-ga ts'u.
I have a guest, i'-ki-mo°-thi° wi° gutter, same as gulch,
o°-ta-pe a-tsi bi a. gypsum, mo°-i°'-ka gka.
habit, o'-k'o°; (2) u'-shko". haircut, ba-shta'.

habitually, shto°. hairless, shta.
hack to pieces, ga-shpa-shpa. hair pulling, thi-pa'-ge.
I hacked it to pieces, a'-shpa-shpa. hairy, hi"'-shko°-be.
you hacked it to pieces, tha'-shpa- hale, o'-ga-she thi"-ge.
shpa. half, u-ki'-stse; u-ki-gte.
we hacked it to pieces, o°-ga'-shpa- half-moon, mi'-o°-ba a-thi-ge-zhe.
shpa i. half-witted, ts'e-ga.
hackberry, go "-be', halo, mi'-u-bthi-wi".
hackberry tree, go"-be' hi. halter, in-dse' u-gtha (which see).
haggard, xtha. the horse broke the halter, ka'-wa
hailstone, ba'-gu (which see). a-ka i°-dse u-gtha thi-ba-xo° bi a.
hair, hi"; (2) pa-xi". halter strap, we'-thi".
hair on man's head, pa-hiu'. halve (to), as to cut in two parts,
hair of the head, ni-zhu'-ha. tho"-ba'-ha ga-xe.
hair on temples, a'-gku. I made two parts, tho"-ba'-ha pa-xe.
halve (to), as to cut in two parts — harden (to) by heat continued.—

continued, you caused the meat to be hardened
you made two parts, tho^-ba'-ha by heat, ta-tho" da'-ga-ge tha-the.
shka-xe. we caused the meat to be hardened
we made two parts, tho°-ba'-ha by heat, ta-tho" da'-ga-ge o^-tha i.
o"-ga-xa i. hard-hearted (to be), tho°'-dse ga-gi.
hamlet, to"' -wo" zhi"-ga. hardly, u'-xo-be-xtsi.
hammer, we'-u-ga-do"; (2) we'-ga-gta; hardship, u'-gi-tse-xi.
(3) ga-gta. we met with hardship, u'-gi-tse-xi
hamper, hi"'-de mo°-zho°-zhe. o°'-ga zho°-gi-tha bi a.
hamstring, hi'-ko"-i-no°-do". hardware, mo^'-ge we-î-k'o" tsi.
hand, no°-be', sha'-ge. harelip, i'-ha zha-ta.
hand (left), no"-be'
tha-ta tse. the boy has a harelip, shi°'-to
hand (the palm), no"-be' u-tho"-da. zhi°-ga a-ka i'-ha zha-ta i ha.
hand (right), no°-be' i-sdo-ge tse. harken (to), a'-no^-l^'o".
my hand is swollen, sha'-ge tse I harken, a'-a-no°-lj;'o°.
o^-thc-ba. you harken, a'-tha-no°-^'o°.
handcuff (to), ba-xtse'. we harken, o°'-ga-k'o" i.
I handcuffed (him), pa'-xtse. harlot, wa-k'o' no°-ho°.

you handcuffed (him), sh pa'-xtse. harmful, u'-gi-ho° a-zhi.
we handcuffed (him), o"-ba'-xtsa i. harness, Ija'-wa-we-lji-gthi".
handle (of an ax), i'-ba. harvest, wa-gthu'-ge; (2) wa-gi-da.
handkerchief, ha-gthe'-zhe wa-tha-ge. harvest fly, ba'-tho.
I lost my handkerchief, ha-gthe'- harrow (a), mo°-i°'-â i-thi shto^-ga.
zhe wa-tha-ge o''-wo°-xpa-the mi°- hasten (to), hi'-dse-the.
kshe o. I hasten, hi'-dse-a-the.
handsaw, we'-ba-tse; we'-ba-ge (which you hasten, hi'-dse-tha-the.
see). we hasten, hi'-dse-o°-wo°-tha i.
handsome (refers to looks), ni'-ka- hasten (to), thi-to-ge.

o-ta-ga; (2) u-ta-ga. I hasten, bthi-to-ge a-gthe.
hang (to), as hanging to dry, u'-ba- you hasten, shni-to'-ge tha-gthe.
tsi-zhu. hasten (go quickly), wo°-go"' tha
hang (to) on a peg, u-ba-tsi-gtho". thi° ho.
I hung (his hat) on a peg, u-ba'-tsi-a-
hasten (to), u-no°-xthi°.
I gtho".
I hasten, u-no°-xthi» pa-xe.
he hung his hat on a peg, u-ba'-tsi
you hasten, u-no°-xthi° shka-xe.
P„ gi-gtho".
we hasten, u-no"-xthi° o°-ga-xa i.
hanker (to), wa-tho"'-dse-shi.
hat o'-gtho°-ge; (2) u'-gtho°-ge.
Ihanker, wa-tho"'-dse-o°-shi.
hatchet, i'-tsi°.
you hanker, wa-tho°'-dse u-thi-shi.
happened, wo°'-gka. hate (to), wa'-gthi i-gi; i'-gi.
what has happened? I hate, i-tha'-gi.

ha'-go-e.
happiness, u'-gi-gu.
you hate, i'-tha-gi.
happy, gi'-gu; shka-shka'-tho". we hate, o^-tho^'-gi i.
I am
happy, o°'-gu. hateful, wa'-ba-lj:o°-e-wa-the.
you are happy, thi'-gu. hatred, wa-we'-gi.
we are happj^, wa'-gu i. haul (to), wa-to'-gtho"; to'-gtho".
harangue (of an abusive nature), I hauled the goods, wa-ô"' tse
i'-e wa-tha-zhu-zhi. to-a-gtho°.
hard, ga'-gi. you hauled the goods, wa-to°' tse
hard part of a wing, a-hi" u-ga'-gi. to-tha-gtho°.
harden (to) by heat, da'-ga-ge. we hauled the goods, wa-to°' tso
I caused the meat to be hardened by to'-o°-gtho° i.
heat, ta-tho° da'-ga-gc a-the. haunch, ta-ô°'-i-dse; (2) ni'-dse.

have (to), a-thi°'. heartache, tho°'-dse ni-e.

I have, a-bthi"'. I have a heartache, tho^'-dse a-ni-e.
you have, a-ni'. heart sac, no°-dse' u-thi-xi°.
we have, o°-ga'-thi° i. heart shock, no°'-dse u-thi-go°-ha.
I have them, wa'-bthi°. hearth, u-dse'-the.
you have them, wa'-ni, hearts (in deck of cards), ni'-de-a-wi°.
I have mine, a'-gtha-bthi. hearty, o'-ga-she thi°-ge.
you have yours, a-tha'-gtha-ni. heat (from fire or sun), a'-da-ka-dse.
we have ours, o°-ga'-gtha-thi° i. heat, for drying, da'-biu-ge.
hawk (to), as to clear the throat, hu'- heaves, u'-niu-xi-xi.
xpe. heavy, gki'-ge.
I cleared my throat, hu'-a-xpe. heav3' object falling on a person,
you cleared your throat, hu'-tha-xpe. a'-ga-gpe.
we cleared our throat, hu'-o"-xpa i. heels, gi-the'-dse.
hawk (red-tailed), i^'-be-gi-ga; o°'- heifer, tse-gka' mi-ga zhi°-ga.
be-gi-ga. height, ba-do°'.
hawk (fork- tailed), o°'-be-zha-ta. height (same), go^-ge ki-to°-ha.
hay, pe'-zhe. the two men are the same height,
hay rake, moMii"'i-thi-be-xi°. ni-ka' no°-ba she a-ka gc'-ge-ki-
hazard, i'-ko-i-pshe. to°-ha bi a.
haze, i'-ki-sho-dse. height (equally as tall), e'-to°-ha.
hazelnut, o°, he is as tall as I am, e'-o°-to°-ha.
he, e. he is as tall as you are, e'-thi-to°-ha.
head, pa. he is as tall as we are, e'-a-wa-to^-ha i.
head (of a man or animal), we'- help (to), u-wi'-ko".

thi-xthi. I helped him, u-we'-ko°.
headache, we'-thi-xthi nl-e. you helped him, u-the'-ko°.
head first, ba-ts'i°'. we helped him, o"-gu'-wi-ko° i.
headlong, same as head first; (2) helve, mo°'-hi°-gpe i-ba.
u'-he-ga-zhi u-xpa-the. henceforth, the-to°'-ha the-the.
head or source of a river, u-ho^'-ge. henceforth do as I say, the-to°'-ha
head of a stream, bo'-de-k'a-gthe. the-the e-de pshe tse e-go° ko°-
heal (to), gi-ni' ga-xe. btha ha.
I healed it, gi-ni' pa-xe. herd (to) cattle or sheep, sho'-ka-to°.
you healed it, gi-ni' shka-xe. herd (of cattle), u-ba'-tse.
we healed it, gi-ni' o^-ga-xa i. my father has a large herd of cattle,
healthy, u'-ga-she thi°-ge. i°-da-dsi a-ka tse-gka u-ba'-tse hiu
hear (to), no°-k'o°. wa-thi° bi a.
I hear, a'-no°-k'o°. here (at this place), the-ga.

you hear, tha'-no°-k'o". here (in this land), mo°-zho° the-ga.
we hear, c-nc'-k'o" i. here and there, gtha'-gtha-gthe.
hear (to) them, wa-no°-k'o°. meet me here at this place, the'-tho
I hear them, a-wa'-no"-k'o°. o°-tha-ki-pa te ha.
you hear them, wa-tha'-no°-k'o°. from here, the'-ga to°.
we hear them, o°-wo°-no'>-ko° i. hermit (a), ku'-zhi a-ha mo^-thi"; (2)
go and hear them (a command), o'-ko"-dse tsi-gthe.

wa-no"-lj'o° mo°-thi° o. hernia, tse'-ge btha-ge.
hearken (to), a'-no°-k'o°. hero, ni'-ka-do°-he.
I hearken, a'-a-no^-k'o". heron, ta'-thu-shu-zhe.
you hearken, a'-tha-no°-k'o°. hers, i-ta'.
we hearken, o-^'-ga-no^-k'o". hesitate tto), a'-k'o° gi-the; the'-tse

hearsay, u-no°'-lj:'o''. gi-wa tse-xi.
heart, tho°'-dse: no^'-dse. I hesitate, a'-k'o° a-gi-the.
278 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (bull.
hesitate (to) —continued. hip bone, gi°-dse hi.

you hesitate, a'-lc'o" tha-gi-the. hips, ni'-dse.
we hesitate, a'-k'o" o"'gi-tha i. hireling, wa-shi'.
why do you hesitate? ha-to" thc'-tse his, i-ta'.
thi-wa-tse-xi a. hit (to) against, i'-ki-tsi".

hew (to), ga-go°'. hives (an itching of the skin), ki-
I hewed (the) wood, zho° ke a'go°. gthi'-k'i-tha.
you hewed (the) wood, zho° ke tha'- ho (an exclamation), ha
go". hoard (to), wa-pi'-zhi.
we hewed (the) wood, zho" he o"-ga'- I hoard, wa-pi'-a-zhi.
go" i. you hoard, wa-pi'-tha-zhi.
hibernating (as does the bear), wa- we hoard, wa-pi'-o°-zhi i.
5a' -be ni-dse wa-gpe. hoar frost, xe'-mo^-ge.

hiccup, do'-gkiu. hoarse, hu'-xi-de.
I have the hiccups, do'-gkiu mo" I am hoarse, hu'-o"-xi-de.
ha. you are hoarse, hu'-thi-xi-dse.
you have the hiccups, do'-gkiu hoarse (to be) from speaking, hu'-
zho° ha. tha-xi-dse.
Hickory Creek, Okla., Zho"'-xe-ga I am hoarse, hu'-btha-xi-dse.
u-gthi°; Qa'-gthu hi u-gthe. you are hoarse, hu'-stsa-xi-dse.
hickory tree, ga'-gthu hi. we are hoarse, hu'-o°-tha-xi-dsa i.
hickory tree (large), po"'-to° a-hi. hobble, hi'-ko°-i-thi-ge.

hickory nut, po° to"-ga. hoe (to) snow, ga-dsi'.
hide, bi-gpe'. I hoed the snow, a'-dsi.
hide (behind something), u-thu'-ki- you hoed the snow, tha'-dsi.
go°-thi". wc hoed the snow, o°-ga'-dsi i.
hide (put away), a'-no°-xthe. hoe (to) the ground, a'-ga-k'u.
I shall hide that, a'-a-no"-xthe ta me I hoed the ground, a'-a-ga-k'u.
kshe o. you hoed the ground, a'-tha-ga-k'u.
hide one's self, i'-ki-no°-xthe. we hoed the ground, o"'-ga-ga-k'u i.
I am hiding, i-tha'-ki-no°-xthe. hoe (a garden tool), mo°'-ge-e.
you are hiding, i'-tha-ki-no°-xthe. hog, ko-ko-gi.
we are hiding, o°-tho°'-ki-no°-xtha i. hoggish, ko'-ko-ga e-go".
hideous, no"'-pe e-wa-the; (2) no"'-pe hold (to), u-thi"'-ge; u-tho°'.
wa-the. hold (to) back, a'-ba-t'u.
hides (of animals), wa-ha'. hold (to) fast, ga-gi' u-thi°-ge.
hie, xi"'-tha-tha. I held him fast, ga-gi'-u-bthi°-ge.
high, mo"-shi'-a-dsi. you held him fast, ga-gi'-u-stsi°-ge.
hill, a'-ba-do; ba-xu'. hold (to) firmly with the teeth,
hillock, same as knoll. a'-tha-go°-dse.
hilltop, pa-gi'. I held it firmly with my teeth, hi-ke
hilly, ba-zhu'-zhu; (2) thi-gi'-gi-xe. no°-be-te a-btha-go°-dse.
my land is hilly, mo"-zho°' wi-ta tho" you held it firmly with your teeth,
thi-gi'-gi-xe ha. hi-ke-no °-be-te a-shda-go "-dse.
hind quarters of beef, ta-pe-shta hole, u-k'u'-dse.
e-go°; (2) zhu'-gtho" sha-be. hole (gopher), mo"-sho°'-dse.
hinder (to), shko'^'-zhi ga-xe. hollow (a), u-xtho'-k'a.
I hindered him from going, ni'-ka- hollow in a log, xthu'-a; (2) xthu'-k'a.
shi-ga to° shko^-zhi pa-xe. Holy, Wa-ko-i'-da-gi.
you prevented the man from going, home, u-ki.
ni'-lja-shi-ga to° shko°'-zhi shka- I have a good home, u-ki tha-gthi°
xe. xtsi a-to" ha.
we prevented the man from going, home (a place to dwell), u-tsi'.
ni'-]ia-shi-ga to° shko^'-zhi o^-ga- homeliness, u-ta'-ga-zhi.
xa i. homely, same as homeliness.
homesickness, wa-we'-gi-shi-ge. (See hot (to be) — continued.

nostalgia.) you are hot, a'-thi-da-ka-dse.
homestead, mc-zho"' wa-shpe-e-zhi. we are hot, da-wa-ka-dsa i.
hom.icide, the' -da wa-ts'e-the. hot day, mo °' -stse.
Hominy, Okla., Co°-dseu'-gthi" hot water, ni-da'-lja-dse.
(which see). hot weather, same as hot day.
hominy (hulled corn), wa-da' zhu-e. is ver.v hot weather, mo"'-stse wa-
hone (a), mo°'-hi° i-thi-mo°. gthi°.
honest, u'-thu-to°; (2) wa'-tho-to". hotel (American plan), wa-no°'-bthe
I am honest, wa-tho'-to° bthi^ da. tsi.
you are honest, wa-tho'-to" stsi da. hour (an), mi-u'-tha-ga u-ta-no°.
we are honest, wa-tho'-to° o°-thi i. house (anything set up for shelter),
honeybee, ki-gtho°'-xe-u-mo° zho"-ni. tsi.
honeycomb tripe, u-gthe'-zhe. my house, tsi wi-ta.

hoodwink, mo^-xe'-the. your house, tsi thi-ta.
hoof (horse's), ka'-wa gi'-ha. I keep house, tsi a-gthe.
hook shaped, ts'i°-sha. House of God, Wa-ko°'-da tsi.
hop (to), he'-shka-shka-tho°. I entered the House of God, Wa-

I hopped, he'-shka-shka-tho" bthe ko°'-da tsi tse u-wa'-pe.
ha. you entered the House of God, Wa-
you hopped, he'-shka-shka-tho° stse ko°'-da tsi tse u-tha-pe.
ha. We entered the House of God, Wa-
we hopped, he'-shka-shka-tho° o°-ga- ko°'-da tsi tse o°-gu'-pa bi a.
tha i. house of an officer, a'-ki-da tsi.
hopeless, ki-xi'-tha. house (rear of), tsi da-ge.
I am hopeless, a-ki'-xi-btha. house of refuge, tsi' u-ha-ge.
you are hopeless, tha-kl'-xi-sda. household, tsi'-wa-zhu.
we are hopeless, o°-ki'-xi-tha i. housetop, tsi'-i-ta-xe.
horizon, mo°-zho°-u-ho°'-ge; (2) mo°- house i'° zhu-dse
(brick), i-tsi.
zho°'-ko°-ha. I live in a brick house, i'"' zhu-dse

horn, he. wi" u-wa-gthi° ha.
horned owl, i'-to°. however, e-go'^' thc-zha.
hornet, wa-ba'-gi-ge ga-be (which huge, gtho°'-the wa-gthi°.
see). I saw huge trees, xtha-be gtho°'-the
horrible, no°'-pe wa-the. wa-gthi° to°-be ha.
horse, ka'-wa. hull (to), thi' -zhu-e.
I led my horse, â'-wa a-gthi-xu-e. I hull, bthi-zhu-e.
horse feed, ]â'-wa-wa-no"-bthe. you hull, ni-zhu-e.
horsefly, zho°'-gthi-slika. we hull, o°-thi'-zhu-e.
black horsefly, zho°'-gthi-shka ga-be. hull (to) by pounding, ga-zhu'.
green-headed horsefly, zho"'-gthu- I hull (walnuts) by pounding, a'-zhu.
shka pa to-ho (which see). you hull (walnuts) by pounding,
large horsefly, zho^'-gthi-shka to"-ga. tha'-zhu.
horsemint, ni'-dsi-da. we hull (walnuts) by pounding,
horseshoe, mo^'-ge gi a-ba-gta. o°ga-zhu i.
hospitable, gi'-hi dC-he. human, ni'-ka-shi-ga e-go°.

hospital, hiu'-he-ga tsi. humble, wa-xpa'-thi° ki-the (which
we took him to the hospital, hiu'- see).
he-ga-tsi ta o°-ga-thi o°-ga-hi bi a. humiliated, thi'-zhu-a-zhi.
hostile, tho'-da-zhi. I humiliated him, bthi'-zhu-mo°-zhi,
hot (with a fever), ba-da'-ka-dse. you humiliated him, ni'-zhu-a-zhi.
hot (to be), da-l>;a-dse. we humihated him, o°-thi'-zhu-ba-
I am hot, o'^'-da-ka-dse. zhi i.
280 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 10&
humming bird, i'-xthi-wa-the zhi°-ga. hurt (to), thi-zhu a-zhi.

hummock (a), mo°-ba'-tsi-he; (2) you
will hurt yourself, i'-tha-gtha-no°
mc'-tu-tu-be. taki"do.
humorous, wa-tha'-ho-da; (2) i'-xa-e- hurt (to be) in an accident, gtho°'-
wa-the; (3) shka-shka'-tho°. the-wo°.
he is very humorous, i'-xa-e-wa-tha Iwas hurt in an accident, gtho°'-the-
bi a, ni'-lja-shi-ga. wo° a-dsi no°'-o°-ka ha.
humpback, a'-ba-ku-t'o-xa. you were hurt in an accident, gtho°'-
hunchback, same as humpback, the-wo° a-dsi no°'-thi-ke ha.
hungry (to be), no°-pe'-hi. hurt feelings, tha-k'e-ki-the.
I am hungry, no°-pe'-a-hi. hurt (to be) by a broken board,
you are hungry, no^-pe'-thi-hi. no°'-xo°.
we are hungry, no°-pe'-o°-hi i. I was hurt on a broken board, a-no°'-
hunt (to), u-tse'. xo°.
hunt (as for one's own), u-gi'-dse. you were hurt on a broken board,
I am hunting for my horse, ka'-wa tha-no°'-xo°.
u-wa-gi-dse. we were hurt on a broken board,
you are hunting for your horse, ka'- o^-no^'-xo" i.
wa u-tha-gi-dse. husband, i-ni'-ka.

I go hunting; will sleep out if neces- husk (to), wa-thi'-ga.
sary, ta'-bthe zho°-bthe. I husk, wa-bthi'-ga.
hurl (to), ga-gi'-ge. you husk, wa-stsi-ga.
I hurled it, a'-gi-ge. husk (to) corn, thi'-ga.
you hurled it, tha'-gi-ge. husk corn, bthi'-ga.
I
we hurled it, o°-ga'-gi-ga i. you husk corn, stsi'-ga.
hurricane, zho°-bi'-QU-ge. I am husking corn (w. sp.), wa-bthi'-
hurry (to), u'-no°-xthi°; (2) xi^'-tha- ga a-thi° he the.
tha. I am husking corn (m. sp.), wa-bthi'-
I hurry, xi°'-tha-tha bthe. ga a-thi° he tho.
you hurry, xi°'-tha-tha stse. hut, tsi zhi°-ga.
we hurry, xi°'-tha-tha o"-ga-tha i. hydrophobia, wa-tha'-xta-ge.
I, wi'-e. identified, u'-to°-ba.

I alone, wi'-shno". identify (to), i'-gi-ba-ho°.
I also, wi'-shki. I identified it, i-tha'-gi-pa-ho°.
I mean myself, wi-a'-wa-ki-kshe. you identified it, i'-tha-gi-shpa-ho°.
I too (for my
part), wi'-shki-do". we identified it, o°-tho°'-gi-ba-ho° i.
ice, no^'-xe. idler, u-thi'-shi-ga.

The ice has melted, no^'-xe a-ka idolize (to), wa'-gthi° o-xta-gi-the.
da'-gko° bi a. I idolize it, wa'-gthi" o-xta-a-gi-the.
ice chest, no"'-xe u-zhi. you idolize it, wa'-gthi° o'-xta-tha-
icicle, no"'-xe u-ba-do°-the. gi-the.
iciness, icy, no°'-xe a-da. we idolize it, wa'-gthi° o-xta-o°-gi-
identical, e'-xtsi-e. tha i.
identification mark, u'-we-to°-i° ignite (to), po-e'.
(which see). I ignited it, po-e' pa-xe.
I made an identification mark, you ignited it, po-e' shka-xe.
u'-we-to°-i° pa-xe. we ignited it, po-e' o^-ga-xa i.
you made an identification mark, ignominy, wa-we'-shtse.

u'-we-to^-i" shka-xe. ignorance, ignorant, da'-i-ba-ho"
we made a mark for identification, a-zhi.
u-we'-to^-i" o°-ga-xa i. ill mannered, wa'-gpa-zhi.
ill-treat (to), ga-ô"'. impoverish (to), ki-gthi'-wa-xpa-thi°.

illuminate (to), da'-l>:o°-ga-xa. I am impoverished, a-lji'-gthi wa-
I illuminated,da'-ko" pa-xe. xpa-thi°.
you illuminated, da'-ko° shka-xe. you are impoverished, tha-lji'-gthi
we illuminated, da'-ko° o°-ga-xa i. wa-xpa-thi°.
illustrious, ni'-ka do "-he. we are impoverished, o°-î'-gthi wa-
imbibe (to), wa-tha'-to°. xpa-thi° i.
Iimbibe, wa-btha'-to°. imprison, imprisonment, ho°'-no°-

you imbibe, wa-shpa'-to°. pa-ge u-k'o°-he.
we imbibe, o°-wo°'-tha-to° i. improbable, e'-go° a-zhi e-gko".
imitate, i'-do°-be ga-xe; (2) wa-we'- improve (to), thi-tha'-gthi°.
ga-g;ko°-the. I improved, bthi'-tha-gthi°.
I imitate, i'-do°-be pa-xe. you improved, ni'-tha-gthi°.
You imitate, i'-do°-be shka-xe. we improved, o°-thi-tha-gthi° i.
we imitate, i'-do°-be o°-ga-xa i. improvidence, u'-thi-ts'a-ge i-wa-xpa-

immaterial, u'-ga-xe thi°-ge. thi^
immature, no°-hi'-zhi. impudence, wa-ga'-ts'a-e-zhi.
immerse (to), ni'-u-bi-do°. impugn, wa-we'-gi-e.
I immersed it, niu' -pi-do °. impure, wa-gi'-hi a-zhi.
You immersed it, niu'-shpi-do°. impute, a-gtha.
we immersed it, niu'-o°-gu-bi-do° i. inability, da'-thu-ts'a-ge; (2) thu-
impatience, i'-hi-dse. ts'a-ga.
I have no patience, o°-tho°'-hi-dse. inactive, shko° a-zhi.
you have no patience, i-thi'-hi-dse. inaccurate, wa'-thu-to" a-zhi.
impatient (toward another), a'-mo°- inalienable, thi-ho°'-gi-the tho°-ta-zhi.
ka-zhi. inaudible, tha-wa'-to^-i" a-zhi.
I am impatient with you, a'-wi-mo°- incandescent, da'-lj;o°-gka.
kamo'i-zhi. incase, u-thi'-xi".
you are impatient, a'-tha-mo°-ka incendiary, u-ga' bi o.
zhi. inception, pa-ho°'-gthe tse dsi to»>.
I am
impatient with him, a'-a-mo°- incessant, i'-gi-ha.
ka-mo°-zhi. incinerate, da'-thi°-ge ga-xe.
you are impatient with me, o"'-tha incipient, tse'-ga-xtsi-dsi.
mo°-kazhi. incision, ga-xthu'-ge.
we are impatient with him, o°-ga- I made an incision in my leg, zhe-ga
mo^-ka ba-zhi i. wi-ta a'-xthu'-ge ha.
imperfect, e'-go° xtsi-zhi; (2) wa'- you made an incision in your leg,
thu-to° a-zhi. zhe-ga thi-ta tha-xthu'-ge ha.

imperfection, u'-xthi. incisors, hi'-pa-hi-kshe.
implements, we'-ki-Vo°. incite (to), shko'^'-wa-ga-xe.
impoliteness, gi-o-shki-ga. I incited him, shko°'-wa pa-xe.
impose (to), thi-ho'-da. you incited him, shko°'-wa-shka.-xe.
Iimposed upon him, bthi'-ho-da. we incited him, shko°'-wa o"-ga xa i.
you imposed upon him, ni'-ho-da. incivility, gi-o-shki-ga.
we imposed upon him, o^-thi'-ho-da i. incline (a steep hill), pa-bu'.
impossible, e'-go° thc-ta zhi; tho"'- inclose (to), u-gtho°'.
ta zhi. I inclosed it, u-wa'-gtho° ha.
it will be impossible for you to go, you inclosed it, u-tha'-gtho° ha.
stse tho°-ta zhi. we inclosed it, o°-gu'-gtho° i.
it will not be possible for you to go, include (to), u-i'-he kshi-the.
ne tho°-ta zhi. I included it, u-i'-he a-kshi-the.
it will not be possible for us to go, you included it, u-i'-he tha-kshi-the.
o°-ga'-tha ba tho°-ta zhi. we included it, u-i'-he o°-kshi-tha i.
impotence, impotent, u'-thu-ge thi°- incognito, ki-gthi'-e-zhi.

ge. income, u'-kshe-ô°.
incomplete, thu-tsa-ge sho"' a-ka; infectious a'-ki-C-tha u-mo°-ka.

(2) tse'-ga-xtsi-dse. inferior, u-xtha'-zhi.
increase, hiu' a-tha bi. infinite, u-ho«'-ge thi°-ge.
incubator, u-ba'-xthe-ge. infirm (as a feeble man), shko°'-
inculpate, i'-gtha-no" a-gtha. thu-ts'a-ge hi.
incumbent, the-go°'-dsi u-gthi" a-ka. inflate (to), thi-gi-tha.
incursion, a'-do-do". I inflated it, bthi-gi-tha.
incurve, ba-sho"'. you inflated it, ni-gi-tha.
indebted, wa-thu'-fc a-thi°. we inflated it, o°-thi-gi-tha i
I am indebted, wa-thu'-ge a-bthi". inflexible, ga-gi'.

you are indebted, wa-thu-ge a-stsi". influence, i'-e-u-pshc.
we are indebted, wa-thu-ge o"-ga- influenza, hu'-xpe-pi-zhi.
thi-° i. inform, gi'-tha-wa-gka.
indeed, a'-tha. I informed him, o^'-won-tha-gka.
indefatigable, ga-gki'-ga zhi. you informed him, the'-wa-tha-gka.
indemnify (to), wa-ga'-shi-be. infuriate (to), thi-wa'-zhi° pi-zhi.
indentation, ga-shki'-ge. I infuriated him, bthi'-wa-zhi" pi-zhi.
Independence, Kans., Pe'-zhe i-tsi- you infuriated him, ni'-wa-zhi pi-zhi.
to° wo°. we infuriated him, o°-thi'-wa-zhi
independent, wa-we'-gi no°-zhi° a- pi-zhi i.
zhi. ingrate (an), tha-k'e'-the tha-gthi°

Indian agent, Mo"'-hi° to°-ga ga-lii-ge. a-zhi.
Indian (Red Man), Ni'-ka zhu-dse. ingratitude, we'-ki-sho° thi"-ge.
indicate. (See to point at.) inhale (to), ni-o"' btha-gu.
indict (to), wa-\ve'-gtha-no° a-gtha. inhale through the mouth, tha'-
indictment, same as indict. stsu-tse.
indifference, u'-tho°-dse shi a-zhi. I inhaled (the smoke), btha'-stsu-tse.
indigent, wa-xpa'-thi°. you inhaled (the smoke), na'-stsu-
individual (as applied to person), tse.
wi"'-no°-the. we inhaled (the smoke), o"-tha'-stse
individual, o'-ko°-dsi. tsa i.
indolence, u'-thu-ts'a-ge. inherit, a-gtha' -thi°.

indorse (to), as a check, mo "'-she I inherited money, mo°'-ge gka
u-thi"-ge. a-gtha-bthi".
I indorsed it, mo°'-sho° u-bthi^-ge. 3'ou inherited money, mo"'-ge gka
you indorsed it, mo°'-sho" u-stsi°-ge. a-gtha-ni.
we indorsed it, mc'-sho" o"-gu- inheritance, a-gtha'-thi°; (2) da'-do"
thi°-ga i. a-gtha-thi°.
industrious, wa-thi'-to°-shto°. inimical, tho'-da-zhi.
I am industrious, wa-bthi'-to°-shto°. injure (to), wa-no°'-ka-the.
you are industrious, wa-ni'-to°-shto°. injure (to) badly, ga-shpa'-shpa.
we are industrious, C-wo^'-thi-to"- I injured him badly, a'-shpa-shpa.
shto" i. you injured him badly, tha'-shpa-
inebriate, wa-tha'-to" shto". shpa.
ineffective, ge'-go". we injured him badly, o^-ga'-shpa-
inert, u-thi'-lj;o° thi^-ge. shpa i.
inevitable, u'-tho°-zhi. injure (to, in a bad sense), ga-go"'.
infallible, u'-tho°-zhi e-go°. injured (to be), gtho°'-the-wo°.
infamous, i'-gi-wa-the. I am injured, gtho°'-the-wo" a-dsi
infancy, pa'-ta zhi"-ga. no°'-o°-ka ha.
infant, pa'-ta zhi°-ga. you are injured, gtho°'-the-wo° a-dsi
infant (new-born) zhi°'-ga shto"-ga. no°-thi-ka.
infanticide, zhi"-ga' ts'e-gi-thc. we are injured, gtho°'-the-wo° a-dsi
infantry, mo^-thi"' a-î-da. no° a-wa-ka 1.
.

injurious, u'-gi-ho° a-zhi. institute (to) — continued.
injury, same as injurious. you instituted it, ni'-mo°-gthe.
injustice, e-go"' zhi kshi-the. we instituted it, o^-thi^-mo^-gtha i.
inland, mo°-zho''-a'-ta. instruct (to), kchi'-o^-ge; wa-go^'-ge.

inmost, mo"-tse'-ta-xtsi. I instruct, a-kchi'-c-ge.
innermost, same as inmost. j'ou instruct, tha-kchi'-o°-ge.
innocence, i'-gtha-no° thi°-ge. we instruct, o°-kchi'-o°-5a i.
inoculate (to), mo°-ko°' u-thi-k'e. instruction, wa-kchi'-o°-ge.

inquest, ha'-go° ts'e tse thi'-u-pa-the. instructor, wa-go°'-ge.
inquire, i'-mo°-xe. insufficient, u'-sha-zhi; dsu'-ba.
inquirer, wa-we'-wo^-xe a-ka (which insult (as an insult), u'-i-gtha-no".
see) insult (byword), tha-zhu'-zhi.
the one who asked me the question, I insulted him, btha-zhu mo°-zhl.
wa-we'-o°-wo°-xe a-ka. you insulted him, shta'-zhu-zhi.
the one who asked you the question, we insulted him, o°-tha-zhu ba-zhi i.
wa-we'-thi-wo°-xe a-ka. insurance, wa-we'-no°-xe to".

inquiry, wa-we'-mo°-xe. intact, thi-ta'-tha-zhi.
inquiry as to one's death, ha'-go° integrity (moral), o'-tho-to°.
ts'e tse thi'-u-pa-the. intellect, wa-thi'-gtho".
to make inquiry about some one, i'- he has much intellect, ni-ka-shi-ga
gtho°-xe. a-ka wa-thi-gtho° u-tsi bi a.
I made an inquiry about a relative, intellectual, wa-thi'-gtho" pi-o°.
i-tha'-gtho°-xe. intelligible, wa-gka'.
you made an inquiry about some- intemperance, gtho^'-thi^-shto".
one, i'-tha-gtho°-xe. intention, ga'-xe go°-tha.
we made an inquiry, o"-tho°'- I intend to do it, pa-xe ko°-btha ha.
gtho°-xa i. you intend doing it, shka-xe shko"-
inquisition, a'-ga-gu. shda ha.
inquisitive, wa-we'-wo°-xe shto°. we intend doing it, o°-ga-xa o°-go°-
insane, wa-thi'-gtho" thi°-ge; tha i.
(2)
ts'e-ga. inter (to place in a grave), xe.
I shall inter him, a-xe' ta mi kshe o.
insanity, we'-thi-gtho° o-xpa-tha.
you shall inter him, tha-xe' ta tse o.
inside, mo°-tse'-ta.
intercept (to), a'-no°-ge.
insist (to) on being obeyed, i'-e
I intercept, a'-a-no°-ge.
o-psha bi go°-tha.
you intercept, a'-tha-no^-ge.
I insist on being obeyed, i'-e o-psha
interchange, i'-ki-thi-to°-ga.
bi ko°-btha.
interdict (as to forbid), wa-we'-gi-
you insist on being obeyed, i'-e
zhu-shi.
o-psha bi shko^-shda.
interest (on borrowed money), u-
we insist on being obeyed, i'-e o-psha thu'-da.
bi o^-go^-tha i.
interest (paid), o-tho'-da.
insnared, u-ki'-o°-the. interfere (to) in passing, a-pa-ts'u.
insolence, insolent. (See impu- interfered, u-wa-i-e.
dence.) interim, u-ta'-no°-gthe tse.
inspect, a'-ga-gu. interior, mo°-tse'-ta.
inspector, wa'-ga-gu. interlay (to), u-ta'-no°-u-k'o°-he.
install (to), as to place in office, interlope (to), a'-thi-ta dsi i-e.
wa-thi'-to° u-gthi° kshi-the. intermarry (to), to°'-wo°-gtho° ki-
instantly, the go°'-dsi xtsi. thi-to°-ga ki-gtho'i-ge; (2) ki-
instead, e'-zhi wi° u-k'o° he. gtho°-ge.
instep, gi-shto'-zha tse. intermission, he' -be ba-no°-the.
institute (to), thi-mo°'-gthe. I waited for an intermission, he' -be
I instituted it, bthi'-mo "-gthe. ba-no°-the tse o"-tho° a-ga-pa bi a.
67025—32 19
intermittent, u-ta'-nc-gtha-gtha. —
inventory continued.
intermixture, i-'lji-thi-btho". you took an inventory, da' -do" tha-
internal ear, nc-xa'-dse. gtha-wa ha.
interpreter, i'-e-wa-gka, we took an inventory, da'-do° o°-
interrogate, wa-we'-wo°-xe. gtha-wa i.
interrupt (to), i'-e-a-nc'-fe; o"-gi-thi- investigate, u-to"'-be.

ta; a'-thi-ta dsi i-e. I investigate, u-to°'-be pa-xe.
interrupt (to) a conversation, u'-i-e. you investigate, u-to°'-be shka-xe.
interval, u-ta'-no"-gthe. we investigate, u-to^'-be o"-ga-xa i.
intervene (to), u-ta'-no" u-no"-zhi". invincible, be' ga-xa zhi.

interview (an), u-ki'-e. inviolable, a'-xo-ba-bi.
intestine (large), i°-gthc' u-to"-ga; invisible, be'-i-tha-zhi; (2) to"-i°'
wa-sda. a-zhi.
intestine of animals, tse-shi-be. invitation (a formal), gi-ljo'.
intimate, u-ga'-ts'u-ga. invite (to), a'-pe.
intimidate, wa-no"'-pega-xe. I invited him, a'-a-pe.
I intimidated him, wa-no"'-pe pa-xc. you invited him, a'-tha-pe.
you intimidated him, wa-no°'-pe we invited him, o°'-ga-pa i.
shka-xe. to invite to a feast, gi-ku.
we intimidated him, wa-no°'-pe o"- I invited him to a feast, e'-lj;u.
ga-xa i. you invited him to a feast, tha'-lj;u.
intolerable, a'-mo"-ka-e wa-tha-zhi. we invited him to a feast, o°-]j;u i.
intoxicant (fire v?ater), pe'-de-ni. invoke (to), wa-gi'-ka.
intoxicate (to), gtho°'-thi° ga-xe. I invoke, a-wa'-gi-ka.
I caused him to be intoxicated, you invoke, wa-tha'-gi-ka.
gthc-thi" pa-xe. we invoke. o"-wo'''-gi-ka i.
you caused him to be intoxicated, invulnerable, ts'e'-the wa-tse-xi.

gtho"-thi° shka-xe. inward, mo^-tse'-ta-ha.
we made him intoxicated, gtho°-thi° Iowa Indians and State, Ba'-xo-dse;
o"-ga-xa i. Pa'-xo-dse.
intoxicated, gtho"'-thi". iridescent, to-sni'-gthe e-go°.
intractability, da'-e-tha-gthi" a-zhi. iron, mo°'-5e.
intrepid (to be), wa-sho'-she. iron spoon, mo°'-ge tsiu-ge.
I am intrepid, a-wa'-sho-she. iron wedge, mc'-ge wiu-ga do°.
you are intrepid, wa-thi'-sho-she. irrefutable, wa-gi'-zha wa-tse-xi.
we are intrepid, wa'-wa-sho-sha 1. irreproachable, a'-tho-to°.
intrenchment, no"'-ga (which see). irrigate, a'-ni-do° ga-xe.
introduce (to), ba-ha' i-ba-ho" wa-ki. I irrigated, a'ni-do" pa-xe.
invade (to), gi' -do-do °. you irrigated, a'-ni-do" shpa-xe.
I invaded, e'-do-do°. we irrigated, a'ni-do° o°-ga-xa i.
you invaded, the'-do-do". is (general form of to be), a-ka.

we invaded, o"-ga'-do-do° i. island, ni-u'-tho°-da; (2) ni-ba'-ge.
invalid, o'-ka-wa-the a-ka. isolate (to), u-ko°'-dsi the ga-xe.
invariable, e-gc'-shc-shon-e. I isolated (them), u-ko°'-dsi the
invent (to), we'-ki-k'o° ga-xe. pa-xe.
Iinvented, wc'-lj;i-^'o" pa-xe. you isolated (them), u-îo^'-dsi the
you invented, Ave'-lji-lj;'o° shka-xe. shka-xe.
we invented, we'-lji-k'o" o^-ga-xa i. we isolated (them), u-]jo°'-dsi the
invention (n.), we'-^:i-lj:'o° ga-xe. o°-ga-xa i.
inventor, wa-ga'-xe a-ka. issue (of Government rations), wa-

inventory, da'-do° wa-gtha-wa. ki' -gtha-e.
I took an inventory, da'-do° a-gtha- itch, tha-ls'i'-tha; (2) î-gthi'-lji'-tha.
wa ha. itching of the body, ba-lj;'i'-tha.
jabber (to), i'-ha u-tsi. >

joke, wa-tha'-ho-da.
I jabber, i'-ha o°-wo°-t.si. joker, wa-da'-i°-ga.
you jabber, i'-ha u-thi-tsi. jolt (as to jostle), ga-sho°'-tha.
we jabber, i'-ha u-wa-tsi i. I jostled him, a'-sho^-tha.
jack (for lifting), we'-the-ino°-shi. you jostled him, tha'-sho°-tha.
jack (playing card), zha'-ke. we jostled him, o°-ga'-sho°-tha i.
jack rabbit, mo°-shti" no"-ta-stse-e. journey (a), wa-mo"'-thi».

jack-in-the-pulpit, sho°'-ge i-ts'c- journey's end, mo°-zho"' hi ta bi
the. thi°-kshe.
jacket (woman's), ha-^ka'. joy, u'-gi-gu.
jail (prison), ho°'-no°-pa-5e (which joyous, shka-shka'-tho°.
see), Judas tree, Zho°'-sha be hi {Cercis
they put me in jail, ho°'-no°-pa-5e canadensis) .
a-wo° gtho° i. judge. {See jurist.)

January, Ho"'-ba-stse-dse. judge (to), a'-ga-gu wa-to°-ga.
javelin, we'-zha-pshe (which see). I judged, a'-a-ga-gu wa-to"-ga.
jaw, the'-ba. you judged, a'-tha-ga-gu wa-to^-ga.
jealousy (by a woman), no°'-wo°-gi. we judged, o°-ga-gu wa-to°-ga i.
I am jealous, a-nc'-wo^-gi he. judgment (as sound mind), wa-

you are jealous, tha-no°'-wo°-gi he. thi'-gtho°.
jealousy (by a man), mi'-wa-da. judgment day, ho°-ba-ha'-shi tse.
I am jealous of a woman, wa-u' jug (a stone one), i'^-dse'-xe; (2)
wi° mi-a-a-da ha. i'n'-tse-xe.
you are jealous of a woman, wa-u' jugular vein, ta'-hiu-ko°.
wi" mi-a-tha-da ha. juice (of fruit), ni.
jerk (to), xa-pi-e'-the. plum is full of juice, ko^'-dse ni-u-
I jerked, xa-pi'-a-the. gi-pi-
you jerked, xa-pi-tha'-the. juicy, ni'-u-tsi.
we jerked, xa-pi'-o°-tha i. July, Tse ki'-the-xa bi (which see).
jest, wa-tha'-ho-da. jump (to), wi'-gi; u-i'-gi.
jingle (to), noD-5a'-thu. jump (to), as in play, u-wi'-gi.
join (to) two boards or poles, a'-ki- jump (to) a fence, a'-ba-ta a'-u-wi-gi.
ki-gthe. I jumped the fence, a'-ba-ta a-a-
I joined two boards, a'-a-ki-lî-gthe. o°-gi.
you joined two boards, a'-tha-ki-ki- you jumped the fence, a'-ba-ta a'-
gthe. tha-o°-gi.
we joined two boards, o°'-ga-ki-ki- we jumped the fence, a'-ba-ta o°-
gtha i.
ga-o°-gi i.
join (to) a society; become a mem- junction, u-thi'-zho°-ka.

ber, u'-thi-50°-ha.
June, Hiu'-wa-thi-xtha-dse zhu-dsa bi
I joined the society, u-bthi'-5o°-ha.
(which see); (2) fse'-do-ga mo°-
you joined the society, u-shni'-cc-
no°-xa bi; (3) Tse-do'-ga gi-shi° bi.
ha.
we joined the society, o°-gu'-thi-
jungle, o-xtha'-be.
go°-ha i. jurist, wa'-ki-e.
joint (a), u-ki'-tse. jury, a-gthi°'-tho°-ba ki-gto.
joints of the arm, a-u'-ki-te. juvenile, wa-ho'-lj^'a.
K
Kansas City (Mo.), Ni-sho'-dse to°- keep (to), wa'-thi°.
wo°. I keep, wa'-bthi°.
katydid, ba-ce'-wa-tha-ge. you keep, wa'-ni.
Kaw Indians, Ko°'-ge. we keep, wo°'-ga-thi° i.
.
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. lOb
keep (as one's own), a-gtha'-thi". kill (to) an enemy — continued.

Ikeep my own, a-gtha'-bthi°. you killed the enemy, ni'-l>a-shi-ga
you keep as your own, a-tha'-gtha-ni. wi° tha-xthi.
we keep as our own, o°-ga'-gtha- we killed the enemy, ni'-ka-shi-ga
thi" i. wi° o°-ga-xthi.
keepsake, u'-we-lo°-i". killed (to be) by lightning, gtho°'-
kennel, sho"'-ge tsi. wa-ga-xthi.
kernel (of corn), gi-a'-zhi. the horse was killed by lightning,
kerosene, a'-da-ljo" we-gthi"; (2) we'- gtho°'-wa-ga-xthi bi a, lj;a-wa
gthi. tho=-â.
kettle (a), tse'-xe. kindle (to) as a fire, dse'-the.
kettle with four legs (a pot), hi'-to- I kindled a fire, dse-a'-the.
we. you kindled a fire, dse'-tha-the.
kettle spout, tse'-xe pa hi. we kindled a fire, dse-o^'-tha i.
key, we'-thi-shi-be; (2) we'-i-shi-be kindly disposition, u'-]j'o° do°-he.
(which see). kindred, u'-tho-da-ki-the.
I lost my door key, we'-thi-shi-be ke king (in deck of cards), wa-do°'.
o°-wo° xpa-the mi°-kshe o. kingfisher (a bird), ki-gta-ka.
kick (to), ki'-no" gi-ge. kinnikinnick, ni-ni'-ga hi.
kick off (as a shoe), a'-no°-stsu-dsc. kinship, wa-tho'-da-ki-the.
kick over, no"-bthi'-zhe. Kiowa Tribe, Ka'-thu-wa.
kick over (as to upset), no°-a'-ki- kiss (to), i'-ha a-l5;i-gthe.
gtha-sho°. I kissed the child, zhi°-ga zhi°-ga
Uttle brother has upset the bucket of to° i-ha a'-a-ki-gthe.
water, ka'-zhi°-ga a-ka ne-xe you kissed the child, zhi°-ga zhi°-ga
nj-u-zhi te no^-a'-ki-gtha-sho" i ha. to° i'-ha a-tha-]î-gthe.
I upset it with my foot, a-no°'-a- we kissed the child, zhi°-ga zhi°-ga
ki-gtha-sho°. to° i'-ha o^-ga-ki-gtha i.
you upset it with your foot, tha- kitchen, u'-ho° tsi (which see).
no "' -a-ki-gtha-sho ° kitten, i°-gtho"'-ga zhi°-ga.
we upset it with our feet, o°-no°'- knave (a tricky person), i'-gi-e
a-ki-gtha-sho° i. wa-the.
Kickapoo Indian, I'-ga-bu. knee, shi-no°'-dse.
kicking, to barely miss, uo°'-kshi"- kneecap, shi-tho°'-dse mo°-shko°.
dse. knee joint, zhe-ga u'-ki-tse.
I barely missed kicking him, a-no°'- kneepan, shi-tho°'-dse.
kshi°-dse. kneel (to), shi-mo°'-ksho".
you barely missed kicking him, tha- kneel on something, a'-shi-mo°-ko°.
no°'-kshi°-dse. I kneel, a'-a-shi-mo°-ko°.
we barely missed kicking him, o°- you kneel, a'-tha-shi-mo°-ko°.
no"'-kshi°-dsa i. we kneel on something, o"-ga'-shi-
kid (a young goat), i'-hi" a-gi-dse-zhe mo°-ko° i.
zhi^-ga. knife, mo°'-hi".

kidney, gi-no°'-bthe. knock (to) at a door, ga-da'-da-xe.
kidney fat, ho'-ka-gi. I knocked at the door, tsi'-zhe-be-te
kidney shape, gi-no^'-bthe e-go". a-da-da-xe.
kill (to), ts'e-the. you knocked at the door, tsi'-zhe-be-
I killed, wa-ts'e-a-the. te th a-da-da-xe.
you killed, wa-ts'c-tha-the. knock down (with the fist), ga-bthi'-
we killed, wa-ts'e-o^-tha i. zhe.
kill (to) an enemy, ga'-xthi. I knocked him down, a'-bthi-zhe.
I killed the enemy, ni'-ka-shi-ga wi° we knocked him down, o"-ga'-bthi-
a-xthi. zha i.
knock senseless, ga-gtho°'-thi°. knoll, a'-ba-du; (2) ba-do'.

I knocked him senseless, a'-gtho°- knot in wood, zho°-ta'-xe.
thi°. know (to), i'-ba-ho°.
you knocked him senseless, tha'- Iknow, i'-pa-ho°.
gtho°-thi°. you know, i'-shpa-ho°.
we knocked him senseless, o°-ga'- do you know who that is? she-the
gtho°-thi° i. e-be te i-shpa-ho° a.
knock holes in ice, u-ga'-k'u-dse. knowledge, da'-i-ba-ho°,
knock many holes, u-ga'-k'u-k'u-dse. knuckle, sha'-ge u-ba-zhu.
labor, wa-thi'-to". lariat, we'-thi°.

lace (to) a shoe, a'-ba-50°-dse. I stretched the lariat, we'-thi° bthi
I laced my shoe, a'-pa-50°-dse. ga-da.
you laced the shoe, a'-shpa-go^-dse. you stretched the lariat, we'-thi°
we laced the shoe, o^'-ga-ba-go"- stsi-ga-da.
dsa i. lark (meadow), mo°'-ge gi to°-ga.
lacerate, zhu'-ga-thi-xtho°'-zhe (which laryngitis, do' -dse ni-e.
see). lassie, shi'-mi zhi°-ga.
lacerate the bowel, shu'-be thi- lassitude, ga-gki'-ge.
btha-ge. last (the), u-thu'-ha-ge tse.
lacrosse, ga-gi'. lasting, ga'-gi.
lacrosse stick, ta-be'-gu i-ba-sta-dse. latch (of a door), a'-ba-xu.
lactation, ba-ge'-k'i. latch (to) the door, tsi'-zhe-be u-thi-
ladder (wooden), zho°-a'-no°-zhi°. mo°.
ladle, tsi'-ha-ba stse-e. I latched the door, tsi'-zhe-be u-bthi-
laity, ni'-ljia-shi-ga a-ga-ha ta kshe. mo°.
lake, dse. you latched the door, tsi'-zhe-be
lamb, ta-gka' zhi°-ga. u-stsi-mo°.

lament (to), gi'-ko°. we latched the door, tsi'-zhe-be
lamentations, xa-ge'. o°-gu'-thi-mo° i.

lamp, a'-da-ko°-gthe. later, sho° a-ka.
lance, we'-zha-pshe (which see). lateral, thi'-u-ba-he.
land, mo°-zho"'. laugh (to), i'-xa.
landmark, mo"-zho»' thi-xu. I laugh, i-tha'-xa.

landholder, mo°-zho°'-to°. you laugh, i'-tha-xa.
landowner, same as landholder, laugh (to) heartily, i'-xa i-ga-gki.
landing for a boat, ba-dse' o-pshe'- laundress, wa-k'o wa-thi'-shki.

tse.
I found a good laundress, wa-thi'-
shki wa-]j;'o tha-gthi° wi° i-tha-
language, i'-e.
the he.
languid (to be), be'-ni-ha; xpe'-ga;
laundry, wa-thi'-shki tsi.
o'-ka-wa-the.
lavish (to) affection, da' -do" u-thi-
I am languid, o'-wo°-lj:a-wa-the.
bo-dse.
you are languid, o'-thi-ka-wa-the.
I lavish affection, da'-do° u-bthi-bo-
languidness (continued), xpe'-xpe-
dse.
ga.
you lavish affection, da' -do" u-ni-
languish (to), i'-pi-zhi.
bo-dse.
lantern, a'-da-ko°-the. we lavish affection, da' -do" o"-gu-
lard, ko-ko'-ga we-gthi. thi-bo-dsa i.
larder, u'-no°-bthe u-zhi. law, u'-wa-tha-dse; (2) wa'-ki-gtha-dse.

large, to"'-ga; (2) gtho°'-the. I obey the law, wa'-ki-gtha-dse
a large deer, ta to^'-ga. u-wa-pa.
law — continued. least (the), zhi^-ga' xtsi thi°-kshe.

you obey the law, wa'-î-gtha-dse leather, wa-ha'.
u-tha-pa. leave out. {See except.)
he obeys the law, wa'-ki-gtha-dse I left it out, e-no° u-ko^-dsi bthi-
u-pa. dsi-ge ha.
lawyer, wa'-ki-c. you left it out, e-no° u-ko'-'-dsi u-he
lawsuit, u-ki'-gthi'i-ge. tha-tha zhi.
laxative, i'-zhe mo^-Ijo". leech, ki-gda'.
lay away, to keep for future use, lee side, a'-ga-xthe.
da' -do" gi-gi. left-handed, tha'-ta.
I lay away for future use, da'-do" leg, hi; gi-hi'.
a-gi-gi. leg (upper part), zhe-ga'.
you lay away for future use, da'-do° my leg is cramped, zhe-ga' o"-thi-
tha-gi-Qi. ku-ge.
we lay away for future use, da'-do" your leg is cramped, zhe-ga' thi-thi-
o°-gi-5i i. Ifu-ge.
layman, ni'-ka-shi-ga a-ga-ha ta kshe. my legs ache, gi-hi wi-ta ni-e ha.
laziness, u'-thi-ts'a-ge i-wa-xpa-thi°. legal action, u-thi^'-ge.
lazy (to be), i'-no^-hi^-zhi; u'-thu- legend, u'-tha-ge.
ts'a-ge. legerdemain, gtho°'-xe; (2) wa-ga'-xe
he is very lazy, i'-no^-hi^-zhi wa- pi-o°.
gthi° bi a. legislate (to), wa'-ki-gtha-dse ga-xe.
lazy man, u-thi'-sha-ge. legislation, same as legislate,
lead (to), wa-thi'-xo-e. legislature, tsi'-go-a-bi ki-gto.
lead (to) a horse, thi-xu-we. legion, a'-mi-xe.
I lead the horse to water, ka-wa leggings (man's), hiu'-i°-ge.
bthi-xu-we nl-dse. leggings (woman's), hiu'-i°-ge da-pa.
you lead the horse to water, ka-wa- leggings straps, i-tsi-o°-gka.
stsi-xu-we ni-dse. leisure (to be at), u'-oo-thi^-ge.
lead pencil, zho°'-we-gthe-Qe. I am at leisure, u-on'-C-thi^-ge.
my lead pencil is black, zho^'-we- you are at leisure, u-o'''-thi-thi°-ge.
gthe-ge wi-ta ga-be. we are at leisure, u-o°' wa-thi°-ga i.
your pencil is red, zho^'-we-gthe-ge lemon, ko°-dse'-gi ts'a-the.

thi-ta zhu-dse. lend (to), u-k'i.
leaf or leaves, a' -be. I lend, u-wa'-lj;'i.
leaf buds, zho°'-ta-shpe. you lend, u-tha'-k*i.
lean (to) against each other, a'-ki- we lend, o°-gu-lj;'i i.
ko". I loaned my ax to Pi-gi, mo°-hi° gpe

lean (to) on, a-ko". wi-ta Pi-gi u-wa-k'i.
I lean on, a'-a-ko°. lengthen (to), as a rope, we'-thi°
you lean on, a'-tha-ko". thi-gtha-wa.
we lean on, o^'-ga-ko" i. I lengthened the rope, we-thi" bthi-
lean (thin), xtha'-zhi°-ga. gtha-wa.
leap (to), wi'-gi; (2) u-wi'-gi; (3) u-i'-gi. you lengthened the rope, we-thi°
I leap, u-wa'-wi-gi. stsi-gtha-wa.
You leap, u-tha-wi'-gi. we lengthened the rope, we-thi°
We leap, o°-gu'-wi-gi i. o°-thi-gtha-wa i.
learn (to), thi'-u-pa-the. Lent (period of fasting), Gthe'-btho°
I learn, bthi'-u-pa-the. do-ba zho" (which see).
you learn, ni-u-pa-the. lessee, mo^-zho"' u-da.
we learn, o°-thi'-u-pa-tha i. lessen, dsu'-ba e-go°.
learned (possessed with knowledge), lessor, mo"-zho°' u-wa-lj:'i.
da'-do°-i-ba-ho"; wa-gthe'-ge pi-o". lethargic, i°-shta' u-ts'u-xe.
lease, mo°-zho°' u-wa-k'i. letter (a) wa-gthe'-ge.
,
;
level, 5no°'-5no°go°-Qe-go°; (2) 5ta'-go. lightning (zigzag), gtho" wa-gthe-ge.

lewd, u'-shki-ga. light weight, ha' -ha.
lewdness, same as lewd, likable, u'-k'o°-tha-gthi°.
liar, i'-xo-be shto°. like, e'-go°.
I hate a liar, ni'-ka-shi-ga i-xo-be it is very like my horse, ka'-wa wi-ta
shto° the i-tha'-gi ha. e-go" xtsi i° da.
libel, tha-ho°'-zhi. like taste of, o'-no^-bthe gi-gu.
liberal, gi'-wa-xthi-zhi; (2) wa-xthi'- I like the taste of food, o'-no°-bthe
zhi. o°-gu.
he is a generous man, ni'-ka-shi-ga you Hke the taste of food, o'-no°-
gi-wa-xthi-zhi bi a. bthe thi-gu.
liberality, wa-ga'-the-shto°. we like the taste of food, o'-no°-bthe
liberate (to), thi-shto"'-gthe ga-xe. wa-gu i.
I liberated him, thi-shto°-gthe pa-xe. limb (of a tree), small, ga-xa' zhi"-ga.
j-ou liberated him, thi-shto^'-gthe limb of a tree, zho°'-ga-xa.
shka-xe. limb of a large tree, ga-xa' -a-gthe.
we liberated him, thi-shto°'-gthe limbs (of man or animal), a'-dsu-ta.
o°-ga-xa i. limberness, gi'-gi-e.
library (a), wa-gthc'-ge tsi. limit (as to distance), wa'-tha-da-bi.
lick (to), as with the tongue, tha-gta'- limp (to), ni-a'-gtha-gtha.
be. I limp, ni-a'-a-gtha-gtha.
I licked it, btha'-gta-be. you limp, ni'-a-tha-gtha-gtha.
you licked it, shna-gta'-be. limpid, clear as crystal, ga-gpe'.
we hcked it, o°-tha-gta ba i. linden tree, hi°'-dse xtsi hi.
lie (to) flat, gi-gta'-ge. I stood under the linden tree, hi°'-
lie upon, a'-zho°. dse xtsi hi tse-dse u-hni-tse u-wa
lie in wait for, bi-gpe'. no°-zhi° ha.
lie down (a command), zhi°-ha o u. you stood under the linden tree,
lie side bj'- side, kc'-ga-ha zho". hi°'-dse xtsi hi tse-dse u-tha no°-
let us he side by side, Ijo^'-ga-ha zhi° ha.
o^-zho". linden (dark), hi°'-dse sha-be.
lifesentence, ni'-sho°-sho°-e. linden (gray), hi°'-dse xo-dse.
he was given a life sentence, ni'-sho°- linden (red), hi°'-dse zhu-dse.
sho°-e a-gi-tha da bi a. lineage, u'-thu-da ki-the; (2) u-ki'-
lifeless, u-thi'-ko° thi°-ge. thi-btha-btha.
life-saver, ni'-ga-xe. liniment, i'-bi-gta.
lift (to), thi-ho°'. lips, i'-ha-kshe.
I hft, bthi' -ho°. corners of the lips, i'-ha ko°-ha.
you lift, ni'-ho°. my hps are red, i'-ha ko°-ha ke o°-
we hft, o°-thi'-ho° 1. zhu-dse he.
out with a pole, ba-shda'-dse.
lift liquefy, da'-gko°-the.
I lifted it out with a pole, pa'-shda- liquid measure, ni' we-k'u-tse.
dse. liquor house, pe'-dse-ni tsi.
you lifted it out with a pole, shpa'- listen (to), a'-no"-k'o".
shda-dse. I listen, a'-a-no"-lj;'o°.
we lifted it out with a pole, o°-ba'- you Usten, a'-tha-no°-k'o°.
shda-dsa i. we Hsten, o"'-ga-]j:'o° i.
lift with the foot, no°-gi'-ge. literate, wa-gthe'-ge pi-o".

light, da'-ko°. little, zhi"'-ga.
light (artificial), a'-da-ko°. Little Arkansas River, Ni'-zhu-dse
light comes on me, o°'-ho°-ba. zhi^-ga (which see).
light bread, wa-da'-ho°. Little Pond Creek, Okla., Dse ga-xa.
lightning, i °-gtho "'-wa-thu-gthe-ge Little Village, To°'-WQ" zhi"-ga
thi-ho°'-ba. (which see).
littoral, dse'-to"-ko"-ha. looking-glass, u-ga'-ho^-ba niu-ki-

live (to), ni; (2) ni'-mo''-i". gtha-g'i" (which see).
I live, a'-ni. loon (black), do'-ge ga-be.
you live, tha'-ni. loose (to make), gi'-sho"-tha.
we live, o°-ni bi a. loose-jointed, same as to make loose.
liver, tse-pi'. loosen (to), thu-shke'.
liver gall, tse-pi'-î. I loosen it, bthu'-shke.
load (to), wa-hi'-o°-lj;'i". you loosen it, stsiu'-shke.
loath, i'-nc-hi" a-zhi. we o°-thu-shka i.
loosen it,
local, the-ga'-ha. lorgnette, mo°'-5e i^-shta u-gtho°.

location, u-tsi. lost (to), u-xpa'-the.
lock (a), tsi'-zhe-be-ta-xe. I am lost, o°-wo°'-xpa-the.
lock (to), u-thi'-mo°. you are lost, u-thi'-xpa-the.
I locked the door, tse'-zhe u-bthi-mo°. we were lost, u-wa'-xpa-tha i.
you locked the door, tse'-zhe u-stsi- loss of flesh, xtha a-thi°' hi.
mo". loss of a relative by death, gi'-ts'e.
we locked the door, tse'-zhe c-gu'- I losta relative by death, wa-tho'da
thi-mo"i. ki-the wi° o°-ts'e.
locust, ba'-tho. you lost a relative by death, wa-
the locust eats the leaves of trees, tho'da ki-the wi" thi-ts'e.
ba'-tho a-ba zho°-a-be ge tha-gni lounge, a'-zho".
a bo. louse, he.
lodestone, mi-lja'-k'e mo°-thi° a-zhi lovable, u'-k'o°-tha-gthi°; (2) u'-xta.
(which see). love (to), as a woman for a man,
lofty (as a mountain), mo°-shi'-a-dsi. pi' -the.
log, zho°'-gtho°-the. love (to), wa-pi'-the.
log house, zhc-i'-tsi. I love, wa-pi'-a-the.
loin, gi°-dse' hi. you love, wa-pi-tha'-the.
loin cloth, hi'-tha-xa. love (to) children, xta'-the.
long (as to length), stse-dse. I love the child, pi'-a-the.
long (to make), stse-dse ga-xe. you love the child, pi'-tha-the.
Imade it long, stse-dse pa-xe. love (to make), mi'-bthi-gtho°.
you made it long, stse-dse shpa-xe. you made love, mi-ni-gtho°,
we made it long, stse-dse o^-ga-xa i. lover, mi-thi'-gtho".
long and curved, thi-stse'-do°. lowing, tse-5ka ho-to°.
long object, she-kshe'. lowland (forests), u-gu'.
longevity, u'-no° stse-dse. lowlands, xe'-ki.
longing (to crave), go'-'-tha wa-gthi°. loyal, gi'-wi°-ke.
I have a longing for cucumbers, ku- I am loyal, e'-wi°-ke.
ku-ma ko"-btha wa-gthi°. you are loyal, the'-wi^-â.
you have a longing for sugar, zho°-ni we are loyal, i'''-wi''-ka i.
shko^-shda wa-gthi". lucid, wa-gka'.

longing for, tha-k'e tha-bi-go°-tha. luckily, o'-xo-be xtsi.
longing (desire for), wa-tho°'-dse-shi. lucky, gi'-e-go".
look (to) all around, u-thi'-xi-dse.
ludicrous, i'-xa-e-wa-the.
look backward, xa'-tha-wa-do"-be.
luggage, wa-ba'-xte.
Ilook backward, xa-tha-wa-to°-be.
you look backward, xa'-tha-shto"-bc. lukewarm, ni'-da-stsu-e.
we look backward, xa'-tha o^-wo"'- lumbago, wa-hi' ni-e.
do°ba i. lumber, no°'-ha tsi i-ga-xe (which see).
look (to) alike, do"-be-go"-ge-go°. I bought a wagon load of lumber,
the women looked alike, do°'-be-go°- no "'-ha tsi i-ga-xe u-thi'-to°-tha
?e-go" bi a, wa-u no"-ba a-ka. u-gi'-pi wi° bthi-wi°.
luminous, da'-ko°. lurk (to)— continued.

lunch, u-\ve'-wa-liu-stsa. you lurked, bi-gpe' tha-zho°.
lunch (to), same as lunch, we lurked, bi-gpe' o°-zho° i.
lungs, tha'-xi. lying (telling falsehoods), i'-xo-be-

lurk (to), bi-gpe'. shto°.
I lurked, bi-gpe' a-zho". lynx, i°-gtho°'-gthe-zhe.
M
macadamize, a'-da-ga-xe. malady, wa'-dsi-ui.
Imacadamized the road, a'-da-pa-xe. malaria, ba-hni'-tse; (2) ba-ni-tse.
you macadamized the road, a'-da- male, do-ga'.
shka-xe. malice, i'-gi.
we macadamized the road, a'-da malign (to, in a bad sense), ga-go°'.
o^-ga-xa i. mallard duck, mi'-xa pa-to-ho (which
machinery, we'-ki-k;'o° (which see). see); (2) pa'-hi-tu.
madam, wa-k'o' ni-ka-to°. maltreat (to), thi-hi-dse; i'-xta.
madden (to), thi-wa'-zhi° pi-zhi. Imaltreated it, bthi'-hi-dse.
I made him mad, bthi'-wa-zhi" you maltreated it, ni-hi-dse.
pi-zhi. we maltreated it, o°-thi'-hi-dsa i.
you made him mad, ni'-wa-zhi" pi-zhi. man, ni'-ka.

we made him mad, o°-thi'-wa-zhi° the man is large, ni'-ka a-ka to"-ga
pi-zhi i. bi a.
maggot, wa-gthi'. the man rode the horse, ni'-ka a-ka
magic, wa-ko°' da-gi. ka-wa to" a-gthi" bi a.
magnificent, wax-ka'-da-zhi. man (middle-aged), ni-ka-gko°-gka.
magnitude, gtho"'-the. manacle, ba-xtse'.
maiden, ga-go^'-gi; (2) wa'-thi-xa-zhi. I manacled him, pa'-xtse.
mail, wa-gthe'-ge. you manacled him, shpa'-xtse.
mail carrier, wa-gthe'-ge k'i". we manacled him, o°-ba'-xtsa i.
maim (to), wa-no^'-ka-the; (2) ki'-u. mane of a horse, ka'-wa pa-xi".
Imaimed him, no°'-ka a-the. white mane, pa'-xi"-gka.
you maimed it, no"'-ka tha-the. mange, ki-gthi'-]k'i-tha.
main, u'-zhu. your dog has the mange, sho°'-ge
majority, i-do°'. thi-ta a-ka lî-gthi-k'i-tha o° bi a.
majority (to reach manhood), ni'-ka manger, mo°-hi°'-u-zhu.
no° thi-shto°. manifest, wa-to°'-i°.
make (to), ga'-xe; wa-ga-xe. I manifest, i°-wa-to°'-i".
I make, pa-xe. you manifest, thi-wa-to"'-i°.
you make, shka-xe. we manifest, we-wa'-to°-i° i.
we make, o°-ga-xa i, mankind, ni'-ka-shi-ga e-go".
we make of them, o°'-gi-the. mantel, wa'-zhu.
make (to) room, get out of the way, manufacture (to), da'-ga-xe.
gi'-thi-ljo". I manufacture, da-pa' -xe.
make (to) way, clear the road, you manufacture, da-shka'-xe.
a'-ki-tha-zha-ta. we manufacture, da-o°'-ga-xa i.
make (to) something for some one, I manufacture wagons, u-thi'-to°-tha
kshi'-xe. pa-xe.
Imade something for him, a-kshi'-xe. you manufacture wagons, u-thi'-to°-
you made something for him, tha- tha shka-xe.
kshi'-xe. we manufacture wagons, u-thi'-to°-
we made something for him, o"- tha o°-ga-xa i.
kshi-xa i. manure, â'-wa i°-gthe.
.
292 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULI,. 100
many, hiu. marvelous, u'-xta.

many horses, lj:a-wa hiu bi a. mash (to), ba-ni' §u-dse.
many birds, wa-zhi°'-ga hiu bi a. I mashed the potatoes, do'-yka tse

many people, ni'-ka-shi-ga hiu bi a. pa-ni-gu-dse.
many trees, zho" hiu bi a. you mashed the potatoes, do'-yka
there are many trees on my land, tse shpa-ni-5u-dse.
mo"-zho° wi-ta the xtlm-be ke we mashed the potatoes, do'-gka
hiu bi a. tse o°-ba'-ni-5u-dsa i.
maple sugar, we'-sha-be-the-hiu zho"- master, wa-to°'-ga.

ni(which see). masticate (to), tha-to°'-ho°.
maps, mo^-zho"' wa-gthe-ge. I masticate, btha'-toMio".
march (to), wa-mo"'-thi°. 3'uu masticate, shda'-to"-ho".
the men marched away, ni'-ka a-ba we masticate, o"-tha'-to°-ho° i.
wa-mo°-thi° a-tha bi a. mastication, wa-no"'-bthe-tha-to"-
I marched, wa-mo°'-thi" bthe. ho^
j'ou marched, wa-mo°'-thi" stse. match (a), thi-po'-e; (2) thi'-pe-dse;
March, Mi-u'-k'o" thi°-ge. (3) pe'-dse ga-xe.
m.are, ka'-wa-mi-ga. mate (to), lj;i-gthi'-gtho°.
m.argin, ljo°'-ha. mating (of birds or animals), ki'-
margin (narrow), kc'-ha ke zhi°-ga. thi-xa.

margin (wide), ko"'-ha ke to°-ga. mattock, mo°-§e' ki-tha-ha-pa hi; (2)
mark (to) by slitting the ears of we'-k'e.
an animal, ba'-zha-ta. mattress, u-iBi'-zhe.
I slit the horse's ears to mark him, you must have a new mattress,
ba'-a-zha-ta. u'-mi-zhe tse-ga a-ni ko°-bthe go",
you slit the horse's ears to mark him, mature, ni'-ka no°-bthi-shto°.
ba'-tha-zha-ta. I am
mature, ni'-ka a-no°-bthi-shto".
we the horse's ears to mark it,
slit you are mature, ni'-â tha-no°-stsi-
ba'-o°-zha-ta i. shto°.
marksman, wa-ho'-to°-the we-ku-dse mature (to), no".
pi-o°.
the girl has matured, she'-mi zhi"-ga
I ama good marksman, wa-ho'-to"- to° no° a-ho°.
the we-lj;u-dse pi-mo °.
maul (to), u-tsi"'.
you are a good marksman, wa-ho'-
Imauled it, u-wa'-tsi°.
to°-the we-ku-dse shpi-zho°.
you mauled it, u-tha'-tsi°.
Marmaton, Kans., We'-ts'a u-zhi.
we mauled it, o^-gu'-tsi" i.
marriageable (woman), wa'-thi-xe-
tho"-5ka.
May, Hiu'-wa-thi-xtha-xtha zhu-dsa bi
(which see); (2) Xtha-gka zhi°-ga
marry (to), with reference to a
tse-the (which see).
woman, wa'-thu-xe.
I am married, wa'-bthu-xe. May apple, sho'''-gthi"-dse.
I married when I was very young, me, wi'-e.
o"-zhi°-ga'-xtsi do° wa-bthi-xe. meadowland, mo°-hi°' ga-ge mo"-zho°.
you married when you were very mean (to have in mind), e'-wa-â.
young, thi-zhi"-ga xtsi do" wa- I do not know what you mean, i"
ni-xe. da-do" e'-wa-tha-ke tse a-no"'-
marry (to),refers to a man, gtho°-ge. bthi".
I am married, mi-a'-gtho°-ge i" do. I meant it, e-go" xti e-a-wa-ke.
marsh (a), mo°-ni'-shki-shki-ga. you meant it, e-go" xti e-wa-tha-ke.
marsh grass, mo°-hi"' btha-Qka. he meant it, e'-go° xti e-wa-lj;a i ha.
marsh reed, pshi-shto'-zha {Phrag- who does he mean? be' e-wa-ke a(?)
mites phragmites) who do I mean? be' e-a-wa-ke a(?)
marsh wren, mo°-hi°'-u-zho° zhi-'-ga. who do you mean? be' e-wa-tha-ke
marshland, ni'-mo°-ho°. a(?)
meander (to), ko°' -ha-ha. melted —continued.

I meandered, ni-]j:o°'-ha ke u-wa-pa. you melted the lead, mo°'-5e-mo°
you meandered, ni-ko"'-ha ke u- da-gko" tha-the o.
tha-pa. we melted the lead, mo^'-ge-mo"
we meandered, ni-lj:o°'-ha ke o"-gu- da-gko" o°-tha 1.
pa i. memento, u'-gi-gi-the.
meaningless, u'-ga-xe thi°-ge. memorable, gi-gi'-the wa-the.
measles, zhu'-zhu-dse; (2) zhu'-dse a memorable day, o°-ba'-the gi-gi-
zhi"-e. the wa-the ha.
measure (a), we'-k'u-tse. memorial (to make a), u'-gi-gi-the
measurable, ha'-tho"-5ka. ga-xe.
meat, ta. I made a memorial, u'-gi-gi-the pa-xe.
I cut meat thin, ta' do-lja tho° ba'- you made a memorial, u'-gi-gi-the
a-bthe-ka. shka-xe.
meat pie, ta' u-gtho°. we made a memorial, u'-gi-gi-the o°-
medal (a), mo^'-ge-ga wa-no°-p'i°. ga-xa i.
medal (peace), same as medal, memorize (to), gi-gi'-the.

meddle (to), u-i-e. I memorize, a-gi'-gi-the.
I meddle, u-wa' i-e. you memorize, tha-gi'-gi-the.
you meddle, u-tha i-e. we memorize, o°-gi'-gi-tha i.
we meddle, o°-gu' i-a i. menace (a), ko°'-tha.
meddler, wa-thi'-hi-dse. mend (to), gi-ga'-xe; (2) pi-gi-k'o°.
mediate (to), wa-ba'-zhi". I mend, pi-a'-gi-k'o°.
mediation, same as mediate, .you mend, pi'-tha-gi-k'o°.
mediator, wa-ba'-zhi°. we mend, pi-o°'-gi-k'o" i.
medicine, mo^-ko"'. menstruation, ko°'-tse.
Medicine-Man Creek, Kans., Pa'- merciless, wa-tha'-k'e-tha-zhi.
thi"-wa-ko°-da-gi ga-xa. I have no mercy, wa-tha'-k'e-a-tha
meditate (to), wa-ki'-gthi-gtho"; (2) mo'i-zhi.

wa-thi'-gtho°. you have no mercy, wa-tha'-k'e tha-
I meditate, wa-bthi'-gtho°. tha-zhi.
you meditate, wa-ni'-gtho°. we have no mercy, wa-tha'-k'e o°-
we meditate, o°-wo°'-thi-gtho" i. tha ba-zhi i.
meek, wa-xpa'-thi-ki-the; u'-k'o°-tha- merriment, u'-gi-gu.

gthi°. merry, gi'-gu.
meet (to), as join together, a'-zho"- I am merry, o°'-gu.

gi-the. you are merry, thi'-gu.
meet face to face, ki'-ba-xtha. we are merry, wa-gu' i.
I met them face to face, u-wa'-ki-ba- messenger, wa-ba'-zhi°.

xtha. metal, mo°-ge'.
you met them face to face, u'-tha- meteor, mi-ka'-k'e u-xpa-the.
lî-ba-xtha. mica, i°'-ko°-ba.
meet together, a'-ki-ki-pa. midday, mi-tho'-to°.
I met with them, wa'-a-ki-pa. middle, u-ko°'-gka.
you met with them, wa'-tha-ki-pa. middle of a lake, dse u'-gko°-gka
we met in the forest, u-xtha-be ke- dsi.
dse o°-ga-]î-ki-pa i ha.
middle of the heaven (zenith), mi'-
mellow, dsu'-dse.
u-ko°-gka.
the peach is mellow, ko^'-dse hi°
midnight, hc'-gko^-gka; (2) ho°-u-
stse-e a-ka dsu-dse a-ko.
to°'-ga. (From a ritual.)
melt (to), gko°.
melted, da'-gko". midriff, pa'-xe-no°-ta.
I melted the lead, mo°'5e-mo° da- midwife, wa-ni'-e-u-thi°-ge.

gko" a-the. might, wa-shko°'.
294 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 10«
migrate, wa-hi'-o". mishap. {See adversity.)

birds migrate, wa-zhi"'-ga shki wa- mislead (to), u-xpa'-the-ga-xe.
lii-o" no" bi o. I mislead, u-xpa'-the pa-xe.
migration, ga-xtho" u-zho"-gc. you mislead, u-xpa'-the shka-xe.
mile (a), mo"-zho°' wa-tha-da-bi. we mislead, u-xpa'-the o°-ga-xa i.
military honors, o-do°'. misp resent (to), e-go°-zhi u-tha-ge.
milk (to), ba-5e'-ni thi-stsu-e. I mispresent, i'-e e-go"-zhi u-btha-ge.
I milk, ba-5e'-ni bthi stsu-e. You misrepresent, i'-e e-go°-zhi u-
you milk, ba-ge'-ni hni stsu-e. shta-ge.
we milk, ba-ge'-ni c-thi-stsu a 1. We misrepresent, i'-e e-go°-zhi c-gu-
milk, ba-ge'-ni. tha-gi o° ga-to".
milky way, wa-gi'-da u-zho°-ge. I misrepresented him, she' thi°-ke
miller (a), ho'-we-tsi a-thi°. e-go"-zhi u-btha-ge mi"-kshe.
i-e
million, wa-tha'-wa to°-ga. miss (to) a mark, bo'-gtho"-tha.

mimic (to), u-ki'-o°. I missed the mark, bo'-a-gtho°-tha.
mine (denoting possession), wi-wi'- you missed the mark, bo'-tha-
ta. gtho°-tha.
mink, he'-xthi°. miss (to) hold, bi'-gtho"-tha.
my coat is trimmed with mink, Imissed the hold of it, pi'-gtho^-tha.
a'-ga-ha mi wi-ta tho° he'-xthi° you missed the hold of it, shpi'-
ha a-ba-ta bi a. gtho°-tha.
minute (very small), wa-hu'-stsa we missed the hold of it, o"-bi'-gtho"-
zhi°-ga; (2) wa-ho'-stsa zhi°-ga. tha i.
minute (a), ta-ge' kshi-the. miss (to) an object, ba-kshi°'-dse.

mirage, da'-stsu-stsu-dse. (Compare Imissed the object, pa-kshi°-dse.
u-da'-bthu-bthu-e.) you missed the object, shpa'-kshi"-
I saw a mirage, mo°-xe da'-stsu-stsu- dse.
dse to°-be ha. we missed the object, o°-ba-kshi°-
You saw a mirage, mo°-xe da'-stsu- dsa i.
stsu-dse shto°-be ha. miss (to barely) by kicking, no°-

mire, mo°-gto'-gto. kshi"-dse.
mirror, ni-u'-ki-gtha ts'i". {See Osage I barely missed kicking it, a' -no"
description.) kshi°-dse.
mirthless, gi'-gu thi°-ge. you barely missed kicking it, tha-
miscarriage, zhi°-ga' tsi-the-the. no"'-kshi"-dse.
miscellaneous, e'-zhi-no°-tho°; (2) we barely missed kicking it, o°-no°'-
da' -do" ho-i-sta-sta. kshi°-dsa i.
mischief-maker, wa-thi'-hi-dse. Mission House, Ta-pu-gka tsi.

mischievous, wa-gpa-zhi. Mississippi Biver, Ni To°-ga.
misconception, mo°-xe' ki-the. Missouri River, Ni-sho'-dse.
misconstrue, i'-e tha-e-zhi. mist (a spray), i'-ki-sho-dse.
I misconstrue, i'-e btha-e-zhi. mist (fine rain), ni-zhiu'-xu-ta.
you misconstrue, i'-e shta-e-zhi. mistake (to make a), mo°-xe' Iti-the.
we misconstrue,o"-tha e-zhi i.
i'-e I made a mistake, mo°-xe' a'-ki-the.
misfortune, u'-^'o° e-go°-zhi a-zho°- you made a mistake, mo°-xe' tha-ki-
gi-the. the.
I met with misfortune, u']k:'o° e-go"- we made a mistake, mo"-xe' o°-î-
zhi a-a-zho°-gi-the. tha i.
you met with misfortune, u'-k'o° mistletoe, no"-ni'-ba-tse (which see),
e-go°-zhi a-tha-zho°-gi-the. misunderstand, no°'-thi°.
misgiving, ko'-i-pshe. I do not understand what you mean,
I had misgivings, a-ko'-i-pshe. i°-da'-do° e'-wa-tha-ke tse a-no°'-
you had misgivings, tha-ko'-i-pshe. bthi".
we had misgivings, o"'-ga-lj:o-i-psha i. misuse (to, in a bad sense), ga-go°.
mittens, sha'-ge u-thi-xtha. mole (ground animal) wa-ba'-ho°.
my mittens, sha'-ge u-thi-xtha wi-ta. molest (to, in a bad sense), ga-go°'.
j'our mittens, sha'ge u-thi-xtha the- Monday, Ho"'-ba pa-ho"-gthe.
thi-ta. money, mo"'-5e gka.
mix (to), i'-ki-gtha-hi. I have no money, mo"'-ge gka o°-
everything is mixed, da'-do° ?a-ni thi"-ge.
i'-ki-ni i-tsa bi a. you have no money, mo"'-5e gka
miix (to) several ingredients, i'-ga-hi. thi-thi"'-ge.
moan (to), i'-ga-to°. we have no money, mo"'-ge gka wa-
Imoaned, i-tha'-ga-to°. thi"-ga i.
you moaned, i'-tha-ga-to°. monkey, hi-u'-dse.

we moaned, o°-tho°'-ga-ton i. Monster Creek, Kans., Wa-gthu'-
I moaned with pain, o"'-ni-e go" shka i-a-bi.
i-tha-ga-to°. month, last, mi'-o"-ba ha-shi tse-dsi.
you moaned with pain, thi'-ni-e go" month, next, mi'-o"-ba o°-mo" ke-dsi.
i'-tha-ga-to". month, this, m.i'-o°-ba-the.
mob (a), ni'-ka-shi-ga a-mi-xe (which monument, i'^-gka bo-ga.
see). moon, wa-ko"'-da ho^-do".
moccasin, ho"-be'. , new moon, u-zhi°'-ga.
I stretched my moccasins by wearing the moon is round, mi'-o°-ba tho" da-
them, lT,o"-be' a-gi-no"-ga-da. pa.
moccasin sole, ho"-be' a-gtho". Mormon (a), Sho'-zho-e mo"-thi°.
mock (to), wa-tha'-ho-da. morning star, mi-ka'-k'e ho°-ba-do°
I mocked (him), wa-btha'-ho-da. thi"-kshe.
you mocked (him), wa-shda'-ho-da. morphine, mo°-ko°' pi-zhi a-u-thi k'e
we mocked (him), o°-wo°'-tha-ho-da. (which see).
mocking bird, i"'-be-stse-e-zhi°-ga. morrow (next day), ga-gon'-i°.
modern (not ancient), i°'-tso". mortar (used with pestle), ho'-e.
modest, wa'-ba-gtha. mortgage, wa-we'-no°-xe to" (which
the girl is very modest, she mi zhi"-ga see).
a-ka wa-gthi° wa-ba-gtha bi a. mosquito (a), tha'-po"-ga; (2) gtha'-
modest (shy), mo°'-xi-ga. po"-ge.
the childis modest, zhi°-ga zhi"-ga the mosquito bit me, gtha'-po°-ge
a-ka mo°'-xi-ga bi a. wi" o°-tha-xta-ga bi a.
modest (as being humble), wa-xpa'- mother, i-ho"'; i-na (when addressing
thi°. the mother),
that man is modest, ni-ka a-ka wa- my mother, i'-no"-ho°.
xpa'-thi" bi a. your mother, thi-ho"'.
modify (to) thi-ho"'-gi-the. mother-in-law, wa-k'o' zhi"-ga; (2)
I modified, bthi'-ho°-gi-the. i-ku-wa-ku zhi"-ga.
you modified, ni-ho°'-gi-the. mother-in-law (a man's), i-ko"'.
we modified, o°-thi'-ho"-gi tha i. motion (to make a), a'-tha-dse.
moist, do'-ka; mo"-do'-ka; tsi". I made a motion, a'-btha-dse.
moistness, same as moist. you made a motion, a'-shta-dse.
moisten (with finger), i-u'-gtha- we made a motion, o°'-ga-tha-dsa i.
kshi". to second a motion, u-thu-a'-to"

molars, hiu-to"'-ga. a-tha-dse.
I have a hole in a molar, hiu-to°'-ga I second the motion, u-thu-a'-to"
wi" o"-tha gu-dse ha. a-btha-dse.
molar tooth, we'-tha-xtho°-zhe. you second the motion, u-thu-a'-
molasses, zho°-ni' ga-be. to" a-shta-dse.
mold, u-tsi'-k'a. we second the motion, u-thu-a'-
moldy, same as mold. to" o°-ga-tha-dsa i.
.

motion (of a rocking-chair), go°- muddy, ni'-o-sho-dsc.
tha'-i-tha-tha. muddy (as applied to the condition
motionless, shkc'-tlii^-gc. of a road), mo"-gto'-gto.
the leaves are motionless, zho" a-be the road is nmddy, u-zho"'-ge mo"-
ge slito" shti-wo" a-zhi. gto'-gto.
motive, e'-wo". mug (a), ni'-i-tha-to".
moult (to), hi"-ba-(;o'-dse. mulberry tree (the Indian), zho'-
mound, l)a-clo'. to" hi.
mountain, ba-xu'-to"-ga. mulberry tree, zho"'-da-da-ge
mountainous, btha'-xc. (Morus).
mourn (to), gi'-ko". mule, no°-ta' to"-ga (which see).
Imourn for him, a-gi'-ko". mumps, do'-dse i-ba; (2) ta'-hiu i-ba.
you mourn for him, tha-gi'-ko". the boy has mumps, shi"'-to zhi"-ga
we mourn for him, o "-gi'-ko" i. a-ka ta'-hiu i-ba o° i ha.
mourner, wa-xpa'-thi". munificent, wa-ga'-the-shto"; (2) wa-
mourning dove, thiu'-ta. xthi'-zhi.
mouse, i"-cho"'-ga zhi"-ga (which see), murder (to), tho'-da wa-ts'e-the.
mouth, i-ha'. I committed murder, tho'-da wa-
my mouth is sore, i'-ha te o"-iii-e ha. ts'e-a-the.
inouth (corners), i'-the-clse. you coinmitted murder, tho'-da
move (to), shko". wa-ts'e-tha-the
I move, a' -shko °. we committed murder, tho'-da wa-
you move, tha-shko"'. ts'e-o^-tha i.
move (to), lii-gthi-shko". murderer, tho'-da wa-ts'e-the shto".

1move, a-lji'-gthi-shko". muscle of the arm, a'-ko".
you move, tha-lji'-gthi-shko". the muscle in my arm is sore, a'-ko"
we move, o"-ki'-gthi-shko" i. o"-ni-e ha.
move (to) about, thi"-she'. mixscle of the jaw, hi'-zhu-ga-w."..
move (to) among a crowd, u-ta'-no" the muscle of my jaw aches, hi'-zhu-
u-mo"-thi". ga-wa ke o"-ni-e.
move (to) therein, u-mo"-thi". muscle of the throat, do'-dse u-ga-wa.
move (to) by pushing with a broom, muscle (large), ]jo"'-to"-ga.
pa-dsi'-ge. mush, u'-ho"-ga-gi wa-dsu-dse.
moving pictures, ke'-da-xe-shko" mushroom, mi-ka'-k'e.
(which see). muskraelon, ga'-kiu i"-shta-xi" i-ta.
let us go to a moving picture, ke'-da- muskrat, ta-gi'.
xe-shko" wo"-ga-ba-no" o"-ga-the muss (to), u-thi'-bu-dse.
te ha. I mussed it, u'-bthi-bu-dse.
mow (to), no^-ge. you mussed it, u'-shni-bu-dse.
I mow, a-no°'-ge. we mussed it, o"-gu'-bu-dsa i.
you mow, tha-no^'-ge. mussels, tsiu'-ge-gka.
we mow, o°-no°'-ga i.
mustache, i'-hi".
mower, mo"-hi"' i-ga-ge.
mute (a), i'-a-zhi.
mucilage, we-a'-tha-gta.
mucus (from the nose), mutter (to), gtho°'-gtho".
pa-xthi"'.
I muttered, gtho"'-gtho" bthi.
Mud Creek, Okla., Ga-da'-dse ga-xa.
3'ou muttered, gtho°'-gtho° ni.
muddle (to), i'-ki-ni.
1 muddled everything, da' -do" ga-ni
mutton, ta-gka' ta.
i'-lji-ni i-tsa bi a. my, wi'-ta.

you muddled everything, da'-do" ga- my land, mo"-zho° wi'-ta.
ni i'-ki-ni tha-the. mysteries, mo"-sho'-dse.
we muddled everything, da'-do" ga- mysterious, u'-xta.
ni i'-ki-ni o°-tha i. myth, hi'-go.
N
nag (small horse), ka'-wa. necklace of wampum, i°'-i° gka
nail, mo°'-ge tsi u-gthu-ga-do"^. wa-no"-p'i°.
nail (to), u-ga'-do°. necklace, bead, hi°-gka' wa-no°-p'in.
I nailed the floor, u-wa'-ga-do°. I caused the woman to wear a neck-
you nailed the floor, u-tha'-ga-do°. lace, wa-k'u the wa-no°-p'i° to"
we nailed the floor, o°-gu-ga-do° i. a-ki-the ha.
naked, thu-ka'-thi". necromancer, wa-ko°'-da-gi.
nap (to take a), tho'-ha zho° i-he. need, wa-xpa'-thi".
I took a nap, tho'-ha a-zho°. I am in need, o°-wo"'-xpa-thi°,
you took a nap, tho'-ha tha-zho". jôu are in need, wa-thi'-xpa-thi".
we took a nap, tho'-ha o°-zho° i. we are in need, wa-wa'-xpa-thi" i.
nape (of the neck), ta'-hiu. needle, giu'-ka-hiu-ko° (which see) ;
napkin, i'-ha i-bi-ka. (2) gi'-ka-hiu-ka.

narrate (to), o-tha'-ge. I broke my needle, giu'-ka-hiu-ko°
I narrate, o-btha'-ge. a-gthi xo° he.
you narrate, o'-shta-ge. give me a needle, giu'-ka-hiu-ko"
narrative, u'-tha-ge. wi° o°-k'i a.
narrow (too), u-thu-hi. negress, ni-ka' ga-e wa-k'o.
nausea, tho"'-dse-ba-shto°-ga. I have a negress for a cook, ni-ka'
I am nauseated, tho"'-dse-o°-ba- ga-e wa-^'o wi" u-ho° ki-the
shto"-ga. a-bthi°.
you are nauseated, tho°'-dse-thi-ba- have you a negress for a cook? ni-
shto°-ga. ka' ga-e wa-k'o wi° u-ho° ki-the a-
Navajo, Ha-xi^-gthe-zhe ga-xe. ni a(?)
navel, the'-ta-sho". negro, ni-ka' ga-be.
nay, ho°'-ka-zhi. a negro servant, ni-lj;a' ga-be wa-ga-
near by, e-sho°'. xtho°.
near (close together), ba-gkiu. neighborhood, ko^'-ha-ha kshe.
near (short distance), a'-shka. a good neighborhood, ko°'-ha-ha-
I walked a short distance, a'-shka kshe ni'-ka-shi-ga do"-ha bi a.
xtsi mo°-bthi°. a bad neighborhood, ko°'-ha-ha-kshe
you walked a short distance, a'-shka ni'-ka-shi-ga i-gi wa-tha bi a.
xtsi mo°-ni. neighing, ka'-wa ho-to°.
near (close by), tsiu'-go° tha. neither, o°'-mo" no" shki o"-ka-zhi.
nearly, ho°'-ni. Neosho, Okla., Do'-gkiu-e-ga-xa.
I nearly struck hini, ho^'-ni u-wa- nephew, i-tsu'-shka (which see).
tsi°. nest, tsi' -he.
you nearly struck him, ho°'-ni bird's nest, hi"'-no''-xpe-gthe; (2)

u-tha-tsi°. wa-zhi"'-ga tsi-he.
we nearly struck him, ho°'-ni o°-gu- I found a bird's nest, wa-zhi"'-ga
tsi" ba-thi" i. hi°'-no"-xpe-gthe wi" i-tha'-the ha.
neat, wa-gi'-hi. you found a bird's nest, wa-zhi"'
I am neat, o^'-wo^-gi-hi. -ga hi°'-no°-xpe-gthe wi" i'-tha-
you are neat, wa-thi'-gi-hi. the ha.
the house is neat, tsi'tse u-gi-hi. nettle weed, ha'-do-ga (which see);
neck (the), ta'-hiu. mo "-hi"' wa-xto" ha-do-ga.
neck of a buffalo, tse-pa-hi. neutral, o"'-mo" no" shki u-thi-go"-ha
neck of a deer, ta-pa-hu-zhu. zhi.
necklace, wa-no^-p'i"; (2) no°'-p'i°. nevertheless, tho"-zha'; (2) e-go"-
I wear this around my
(necklace) tho"-zha; (3) e'-tho°-zha.
neck, no°'-a-p'i° ta mi°-ke ha. new, i"'-tso"; (2) tse'-ga.
you wear the (necklace) around your newspaper, wa-gthe'-ge; (2) o'-tha-ge
neck, no°-a'-p'i° ta-te ha. wa-gthe-ge.
next, u-thu-a'-to°, notice (of a meeting), u'-thu-ge

nice, tha'-gthi°. u-tha-ge.
nickel (5-cent piece), we'-the-wa-(;a- notification, no"-lj;'o''' wa-kshi-the.
to". I gave notification, o'-btha-ge the-a'-
nickname, zha'-zhe wa ho-da. the.
niece, i-tsi'-zho"; (2) i-tsu'-zho°-ge; nourished, u'-l>;'i bi.
(3) i-ho°' zhi"-ga. nourishment, wa-no"'-bthe.

night, ho", novel, u'-tha-ge ga-xe.
nighthawk, tse-shi"'-slii"-e; (2) psho"'- November, Ta-he'-ba-xo" bi; (2) Mi-
shka. Ica'-ki-thi-xa bi.
night singing, ho" wa'-tho". now, i"'-cho"; the-go"'-dsi xtsi; (2)
nine, gthe'-btho" wi° thi°-ge.
tsc hau.
nine spot (in deck of cards), sho"'-ka now (at the present moment), hi"-
a-zhi. da'; (2) the-go"'-dsi.
nineteen, a-gthi°' gthe-btho" tse wi" now let me see, hi"'-da to"-be tse.
thi"-ge. nowadays, ho"'-ba the-go"-dsi.
nipple, ba-ge i'-ta-xe. nude, thu-lja-thi"; nu-ka-thi"; a'-tha-
nit, he-50" zhi"-ga. ha thi°-ge.
no, ho"'-]ja-zhi; o"'-ka-zhi. nudge with the foot, no"-gpo"'.
(to)
nobody, be'thi^-ge. I nudged him, a-no"'-gpo".
nocturnal, ho°'-i-ni-do. you nudged him, tha-no"'-gpo°.
noise (to make a), u'-tsi-zhe ga-xa. we nudged him, o°-no"'-gpo" i.
Imake a noise, u'-tsi-zhe pa-xe o. nudge (to), to attract attention,
you make a noise, u'-tsi-zhe shka- thi'-gpo".
xe o. I nudged him to attract attention,
we made a noise, u'-tsi-zhe o°-ga-xa i. bthi'-gpo".
nominal, zha'-zhe no". you nudged him to attract attention,
nominate (to), a'-tha-dse. ni'-gpo".
I nominate, a'-btha-dse. we nudged him to attract attention,
you nominate, a'-na-dse. o°-thi'-gpo" i.
we nominate, o"'-ga-tha-dsa i. nudge (to) with the elbow, ba-gpo"'.

nonchalant, a'-do"-ba zhi. Inudged him with my elbow, pa-gpo".
nonsense, u'-ga-xe thi°-ge. you nudged him with the elbow,
noon, mi-tho'-to". shpa'-gpo".
North, Ba'-50°-dsi. nuisance, a'-mo"-ka-zhi; (2) u-thu'-
north wind, ta'-dse ba-go" tse. ts'a-ge.
nostalgia, wa-we'-gi-shu-ge. heis a nuisance, a'-mo"-]ja-zhi wa-
I suffered from nostalgia, wa-gthi" tha bi a.

wa-we'-a-gi-shi-ge ha. numbness (of hands or feet), gi-bi-
nostrils, pa-xtho'-ge; (2) pa-zhu'-zhe da'-ts'e-ga.
u-xthu-k'a. my feet are numb, gi-te-pi'-da-ts'e-ga.
not, zhi; (2) o"'-ka-zhi. your feet are numb, gi-te-shpi'-ts'e-
it was not, zhi" da. ga.
not so, ho"-ka-zhi. numerable, tha-wa'-u-mo"-ka.
I do not, mo"-zhi'; o°-ka mo°-zhi. nurse (to), u-wi'-ga sho".
notch (to), ma'-gki-da. I acted as nurse, u-we'-ga-sho°.
Inotched the stick, ma'-a-gki-da. you acted as nurse, u-the'-ga-sho°.
you notched the stick, ma'-tha-gki-da. we acted as nurse, o°-gu'-wi-ga-
notches in a bow, mi"'-tse-ta-spe. sho" i.
nothing, thi°-go'. nurse (to), as a child, ba-ge'-i"; (2)
there is nothing like it in this land, wa-tha'-do°..
mo"-zho" the-ga-ha' e-go" thi"-ge
a-tho".
LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONAKY 299
oak ball, thi-xpi'-a-xe. October, Ta'-ki-thi-xa-bi.

oak gall, no"-xu'-dse u-thi-po-ki. octogenarian, u-mo°-i°-ka gthe-btho°
oak tree, zhc-xn'-dse hi. ki'-e do-ba (which see).
oak tree (black), pi-gi' ga-be. ocular (pertaining to the eye), do°'-
oak tree (red), pi-gi hi. be xtsi.
oak tree (short stunted), pa-xpe tse oculist, in-shta' wa-ko°-da-gi.
shka. the oculist, in-shta' wa-ko°-da-gi
oak tree (white), ta'-shka gka hi. a-ka.
oak tree (small stunted), ba-xpe. I went to an oculist, i°-shta' wa-ko°-
oak tree (gray), zho° xu-dse {Quercus da-gi wi° to°-be pi.
hore-dis). you went to an ocuHst, i"-shta'
oar (for rowing a boat), ba-dse wa-ko°-da-gi wi° shto°-be shi.
u'-thu-ga-hi. odious, wa'-ba-ko°-e-wa-the.
oath (showing the hand in taking odor, btho".
an oath), no "'-be ba-ha. the flower has a pleasant odor, xtha
oath (taken in court), sha'-ge ba-ha gka a-ka btho° tha-gthi" bi o.
kshi-the (which see). off, we'-hi-dse,
obedient, da'-e tha-gthi°. I went way off, we'-hi-dse pshi.
obey (to), u-gi'-pa. you went way off, we'-hi-dse shi.
he obeyed his father's words, i-tha'- offend (to), gi'-ba-ljo" ga-xe.
dsi i-e u-gi'-pa a-ka o. I offend, gi'-ba-ko° pa-xe.
obey (to) a voice, a'-no"-k'o°. )ôu offend, gi'-ba-ko° shka-xe.
I obeyed the voice, a'-a-no°-k'o". we offend, gi'-ba-ko° o°-ga-xa i.
vou obeyed the voice, a'-tha-no"- offensive language, wa-tha-zhu a-zhi,
*
l^'o°. I used offensive language, wa-btha'-
we obeyed the voice, o"-ga-k'o° i. zhu mo"-zhi".
object (to), i'-zhu-shi. you used offensive language, wa-
I object, i-tha'-zhu shi i°-do. shda'-zhu a-zhi.
you object, i'-tha-zhu shi i° do. we used offensive language, o^-wo"'-
oblique, a'-thi^-bo-ga. tha-zhu ba-zhi i.
obliterate, bi-ka'; (2) a'-bi-no°-tha. offensive smell, btho"' pi-zhi.
I obliterated it, a'-pi no°-tha. offer (an), da'-do" ba-ha.
you obhterated it, a'-tha no°-tha. I made him an offer, bthi wi° ]io°-
we obhterated it, o°'-ga-bi no°-tha i. btha e-go° da-do" e'-pa-ha.
obnoxious, wa'-ba-ljo°-e-wa-the. you made him an offer, shni wi"
obscure (to be), wa-to"'-i" a-zhi; (2) shko°-shda e-go° da-do° the'-
a-no°-tha. shpa-ha.
obstinate, a'-ho-pshe; (2) da'-e tha- offhand, i'-thi-gtho" thi"-ge i-e.
gthi"^ a-zhi. office, u'-thi-to°.

obstruction, i-tha'-no°-ge. I went to my office, u'-thi-to° ti wi-ta
obtain (to), u-kshe'-to°. te-di bthe.
I obtained it, u-wa'-kshe-to°. are you going to your office? u'-thi-
you obtained it, u-tha'-kshe-to°. to" ti thi-ta te-di shni a(?)
we obtained it, c-gu'-kshe-to" i. officer, a'-ki-da.
obvious, wa-to°'-i°. officer of high rank, a'-ki-da wa-to°-
occupancy, u-gthi°. ga.
occupation, u'-thi-to°. officious, wa-ga'-ts'a-e-zhi.
occupied, u'-gthi°. oil (for lubricating), we'-gta-the.
I occupied the chair, a-gthi-tse I want oil for my wagon, u-thi-to°-
a-a-gthi". tha wi-ta we'-gta-the a-gi ko"-
you occupied the chair, a-gthi tse btha.
a-tha-gthi°. oilcloth, a-thi'-btha.
67025—32 20
oil well, a'-da-lfo" we-gthi" ni-hni. open (to), as a door continued, —

an oil well is on my land, a'-da-ô° you opened the door, tsi'-zhe stsi-
we-gthi" ni-hni wi° mo"-zho° tho°- shu-be.
di a-bthi" ha. (2) I opened the door, tsi'zhe bthi-i-
oily, tho'-tho. ga-wa.
ointment, ni-e' i-gda-the. you opened the door, tsi'-zhe ni-i-
old (as to age of man or beast), ts'a- ga-wa.
ge. we opened the door, tsi'-zhe o"-thi-
old,(worn out), thi-xthi'-ge. i-ga-wa i.
older brother (woman s), wi-tsi'''-do. open (to) wide, ga-wa.

Old Village Site, To"' -wo" thi-xthi-ge. open (to) eyes wide, i"-shta'-ga-btha.
omelet, ba'-ta zhe-gtho". I opened my eyes wide, i"-shta' 'a-
I like an omelet, ba'-ta zhe-gtho" btha.
o"-tha-gthi°. open (to) eyes on some object, a'-ga-
do you like an omelet? ba'-ta zhe- btha.
gtho" thi-tha-gthi" a(?) I opened my eyes on it, i"-shta a'-
Omaha, Nebr., [J-mo"'-ho". a-ga-btha.
omen, o'-be-hni. you opened your eyes on it, i"-shta
he believes in omens, o-be-hni ge wi° a'-tha-ga-btha.
ke a-zhi a bo. we opened our eyes on it, i"-shta
omit (to), u-i'-he kshi-tha-zhi. o"-ga'-ga-btha i.
I omitted it, u-i'-he a-kshi-tha mo°- open (to) a sore, ba-dsu'-zhe.

zhi. Iopened the sore, pa-dsu-zhe.
you omitted it, u-i'-he tha-kshi-tha you opened the sore, shpa'-dsu-zhe.
zhi. we opened the sore, o"-ba'-dsu-zha i.
we omitted it, u-i'-he o°-kshi-tha open (to) a covered box, thi-shi'-be.
ba-zhi i. I opened the box, bthi'-shi-be.
omnipresent, e-dsi' zhi the thi"-ge. openly, wa-to"'-i°-xtsi.
on (adv.), a. operation, pa-da'-bi.
I rode on a horse, lj;a'-wa to" a-a- opinion (a bad), pi' -zhi a-zhi °.
gthi". oppose (to), a'-tho-to°.
I sat on a chair, a-gthi" tho" a-a- Ioppose, a'-a-ki-tho-to°,
gthi". you oppose, a'-tha-ki-tho-to°.
I saton a hill, pa-he tho" a-a-gthi°. we oppose, o"'-ga-ki-tho-to" i.
once, wi"'-xtsi-o"; (2) wi°-a'-xtsi-o". opposite, a'-ki-thu-to".

one, wi"; (2) wi"-xtsi. opossum, 5i"'-e-sta.
I want one, wi"-xtsi ko"-btha. orange, kon'-dse gi.
one by one, wi"'-tho"-tho". I want an orange, ]jo"'-dse gi wi"
one time, wi"-a'-xtsi-o". ko"-btha.
one of two, o"'-mo". you want an orange, ko"'-dse gi vri"
one hundred, gthe'-btho" hu-zhi"-ga. shko"-shda.

onions, mo"-zho"'-xe. orange tree, ko"'-dse-gi hi.
I like onions, mo"-zho"'-xe a-tha- orange blossom, l}:o"-dse'-gi xtha.
gthi". oration, ki-gto'-i-e.
do you like onions? mon-zho"'-xe he delivered a fine oration, i-e tha-
thi-tha-gthi" a(?) gthi" ga-xabi a.
onward, mo"-thi"'-the. your oration was good, i-e tha-gthi"
I go onward toward the west, bthe shka-xe o.
a-thi" he-tha mi-hi-the kshe ta-ha. orbit (path of a star), mi-ka'-^'e
open (to), as a door, thi-shu'-be; thi-i'- u-zho"-ge.
ga-wa. order (to), a'-ga-zhi.
I opened the door, tsi'-zhe bthi- order (an), da' -do" a-gi-tha-da.
shu-be. ordinance, wa'-lj;i-gtha-dse.
orifice, u-lj'u'-dse. outskirts, a-ga-ha-ta.
original, pa-ho°'-gthe. outstanding (debt), wa-thu'-ge ga-
originate (to), thi-mo°'-gthe. shi-ba-zhi sho°-tse.
I originate, bthi-mo°'-gthc. outstep, wa-ga'-xa.
you originate, ni'-mo°-gthc. outstretch, ba-^-a'-da.
we originated it, o°-thi'-mo°-gtha i. outstrip, ga-xa'; (2) wa-ga'-xa.
originator, mon'-gthe-tha; (2) \va- oval, gnu'-ka.
mo'i'-gthe-the a-ka. the egg is oval, ba-ta a-ba gnu-ka
oriole, xiu-tha' e-go° zhi°-ga. no" bi a.
Orion's Belt, Ta-tha'-bthi°. oven, o-xtho'-k'a.
orison (a prayer), wi'-gi-e. I roast meat in the oven, moo-ge
orphan (an), \va-ho°' thi°-ge; (2) wa- o-xtho'-k'a ke wa-zhe a-gthcno".
ho"'-i"-ge. You roast meat in the oven, mo^-ge
orphanage, wa-ho°'-i°-ge tsi. o-xtho'-lj;'a ke wa-zhe tha-gtha no°.
Osage orange, mi°'-dse-shta hi. overcome (to), u-hi'.
osprey, sho'-sho-ka. I overcome, u-wa'-hi.
other (the), i-mo°; (2) c'-mo". you overcome, u-tha'-hi.
other side, go'-da thi-sho°. we overcome, o°'-gu-hi 1.
other side (at the), mo°-yo"-i'-ta. overalls, u-thu'-gi-no°-zhi° a-ga-ha.

Oto Tribe, Wa-zho'-xtha. my overalls, u-thu'-gi-no^-zhi" a-ga
otter, to-hno°'-ge (which see). ha wi-ta.
otter-skin cap, to-hno"'-ge wa-tha'- your overalls, u-thu'-gi-no^-zhi" a-ga-
ge. ha thi-ta.
oust (to), a'-shi-o°-tha. overhanging, a'-ga-stse-dse.
I ousted him, a'-shi-c-btha. the branches are overhanging, zho°'
you ousted him, a'-shi-tha-o°-shna. ga-xa a-ga-stse-dse.
we ousted him, a'-shi-o"-o°-tha i. overshadow, a'-no°-tha.
outdistance (to), ga-xa', overtake (to), u-xthe'.
I outdistanced him, a'-xa. I overtook him, u-wa'-xthe pshi.
you outdistanced him, tha'-xa. you overtook him, u-tha'-xthe.
we outdistanced him, o°-ga'-xa i. we overtook him, o°-gu'-xtha i.
outermost, ga-sha'-be a-ta-xtsi. owl (burrowing lives with prairie
outline (an), mo°-zho°'-thi-xu kshe. dog), mo^-thi" xo-dse wa-da-ghte.
outlying, a'-ga-ha. owl (gray), wa-po'-ge.
outrun, ga-xa'. owl (white), i'-to° qka.
I can outrun 3ôu, ki-ba-no° tse wi- owl (yellow), i'-to° qi hi.
a-xa tse zha-mi. owner, wa-we'-ta.
You can outrun me, ki-ba-no° tse I am owner of this house, tsi the'
o^-tha-xa tse zha-mi. wi-wi-ta.
I outrun, a'-xa. you are the owner of this house, tsi
You outrun, tha'-xa. the' thi-thi-ta.
We outrun, o°-ga'-xa i. oysters, tsiu'-ge-gka.
outside, a-shi'-ta. I eat oysters, tsiu'-ge-gka wa-btha-
outside (on the) of, a'-ga-ha. tse no° a-tha.
I am outside of the house, tsi tse do you eat oysters? tsiu'-ge-gka
a-ga-ha a-no^-zhi. wa-na-tse no° a.
you are outside of the house, tsi tse oyster shell, tsiu'-ge ni-shku-shku.
a-ga-ha tha-no°-zhi. ooze (to), as sap from a tree, a-xthu-e.
pacify (to), wa-tho'-da-the. pacify (to) — continued.

I pacified the people, ni'-ka-shi-ga you pacified the people, ni'-iâ-shi-
ba tho-da ki-the wa-pa-xe. ga ba tho-da ki-the wa-shka-xe.

302 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. lOH
pack (to), wii-ba'-xte. pants, u-thu'-gi-no''-zhi".

I pack, wa-pa'-xte. I tore my pants, u-thu'-gi-no°-zhi°
you pack, wa-shpa'-xte. a-gi-no° btha-ge.
we pack, o"-\vo°'-ba-xta i. you tore your pants, u-thu'-gi-no°
packet (a small parcel), wa-ba'-xtse zhi" o°-tha-no "-btha-ge.
zhi°-ga. I patched my pants, u-thu'-gi-no°-
paddle (to), u-thu'-ga-hi. zhi° a-a-gi pa-gta.
I paddle, u-thu'-wa-ga-hi. pantaloons, same as pants,
you paddle, u-thu-tha-ga-hi. papaw, to'-zho"-ge (which see); hi°-
paid, a-gi'-shi-be. dse-hiu (which see).
I paid the boy, shi°'-to zhi"-ga papaw tree, to-zho° hi.
to" a-gi-shi-be. paper, ta-no°'-k'a.
you paid the man, ni'-ka to° tha-gi- parallel, ga-ki'-ba.
shi-be. parasol, u-i'-hni-zhi^-ga.
we paid the man, ni'-lj:a to" o°-gi'-shi- I have a parasol, u-i'-hni zhi°-ga wi°
ba i. a-bthi".
pail (tin), tse'-xe. you have a parasol, u-i'-hni zhi°-ga
I have a tin pail, mo°'-5e tse-xc wi° a-ni.
wi° pa-xe. parch (to), u'-thi-go°.
you have a tin pail, mo°'-ge tse-xe I parched the corn, wa-to°'-gi te
wi° a-ni. u-bthi-go°.
pain (to be in), wa-ni'-e. you parched the corn, wa-to°'-gi te
my foot is in pain, gi-o" ni'-e. u-ni-go°.
j'our foot is in pain, o° thi-ni'-e. we parched the corn, wa-tc'-gi te
we have a pain in our feet, gi-wa'-ni-a o°-gu'-thi-go°i.
pare (to), ba'-zha-be.
pain (to have), an ache, zhu'-ga ni-e. I pared the apple, she tse ba-a-zha-
I have a pain, zhu'-i-ga a-ni-e. be.
you have a pain, zhu-i-ga thi-ni-e. you pared the potato, do-gka tse
paint (for the house), we'-gda-the. ba-tha-zha-be.
I paint the house, tsi wi" gda-a-the. we pared the apples, o°-ba'-zha-ba i.
you paint the house, tsi wi° gda-tha- parrakeet, wa-zhi°'-tu.
the. parrot, wa-zhi°'-to.
pallet, same as mattress. Parsons, Kans., Wa-gthi'-shka i-a-bi
pallor, gi'-hi. to°-wo°.
pancake, wa-dsiu'-e btha-k'a. part (to), he'-be.
I want pancakes, wa-dsiu'-e btha-k'a parted, zha'-ta. {See cloven.)
ko°-btha. partial, he' -be-no °.
j-ou want pancakes, wa-dsiu'-e btha- pass (to) by, i'-pshe.
k'a shko°-shta. men pass by, ni'-ka du-ba i-pshe.
pancreas, ta'-u-ko°-gka. pass (to) by an object, gthi-gthe'.
pane of glass, u-ga'-ho^-ba wa-ho-stsa. pass (to) along, tsi-the'-the.
panic, o'-ko°-di-the. I saw you pass along, tha-tsi'-ne
I was in a great panic, o'-ko°-di-the i-wi-the.
gtho°-the a-zho°-a-gi-the. you saw me pass along, a-tsi-bthe
you were in a panic, o'-ko°-di-the u- o°-tho°-tha-the.
mo°-ni. passages, xthu'-ge zhi°-ga (which see).
pant (to), he-he'. past time, previous date, tho°-dsi.
I pant, a' -he-he. patch (to), a'-ba-gta.
you pant, tha' -he-he. I patch my pants, u-thu'-gi-no°-zhi°
we pant, o°-he'-ha i. a-a-gi-pa-gta.
Panther Creek, Okla., I°-gtho°-ga you patch your pants, u-thu'-gi-no°-
ga-xa. zhi° a-tha-gi shpa-gta.
panther, i^-gtho^-ga. we patched our pants, u-thu'-gi-no"-
pantry, wa-no°'-bthe u-zhi. zhi° o°-ga-gi ba-gta i.
patch (to) a quilt, ha-gka u-ki-pa-tse. peck (a measure), we'-ga-xto" wa-ho-
path, u-zho°'-ge. stsa.
path in buffalo hunting, ga-xtho"' I want a peek of potatoes, do'-gka
u-zho°-ge. we-ga-xto° wa-ho-stsa wi° a-xtsi
patience (to have), da'-a-mo°-ka. ko'>-btha.
I have patience, da-a'-a-mo°-lca. you want a peck of potatoes, do'-gka
you have patience, da-tha'-a-mc-ka. we-ga-xto° wa-ho-stsa wi° a-xtsi
we have patience, da-o°-ga-mo°-ka i. shko° shta.
I have no patience with him, a'-a-mo°- peel (to), ba'-zha-be.
ka mo°-zhi (appHed to an unruly peel (to) bark off, thi-zha'-be.
boy). I peeled the bark off, bthi'-zha-be.
patient, wa-zhi"'-stse-dse. 3'ou peeled the bark off, ni-zha-be.
pattern, i'-go^-ge. peel (to) skin off, thi-xtho'-dse.
pauper, mo^'-ge gka thi°-ge. I peeled the apple, bthi'-xtho-dse.
the man is a pauper, ni'-ka-shi-ga you peeled the apple, ni-xtho-dse.
thio-ke mc-ge-gka thi°-ge. peep (to), u-ga'-ts'i".
pause, ga-to"'. I peeped in the door, tsi'-zhe u-wa-
pause (n.), he' -be ba-no°-the. ga-ts'i°.
pausing', gthi°'-i-tho°-tho°. you peeped in the door, tsi'-zhe
pave (to) a road, a'-da-ga-xeu-zho°-ge. u-tha-ga-ts'i°.
I paved the road, a'-da-pa-xe u-zho"- we peeped in the door, tsi'-zhe o°-gu-
ge ke. ga'-ts'i° i.
you paved the road, a'-da-shka-xe pelts (animal skins), wa-ha'.

u-zho°-ge ke. pelvis, gi°-dse-xthu-k'a.
we paved the road, a'-da-o"-ga-xa i pemmican, ta'-pshe.
u-zho°-ge ke. pemmican, ta'-pshe o°-gu.
I like
Pawnee Tribe, Pa'-thi-mo°-ho°; (2) you hke pemmican, ta'-pshe thi-gu.
Pa-i". pen (writing), wa-gthe'-ge i-ga-xe.
paws; sha'-ge. I have a good pen, wa-gthe'-ge
pay (to) a debt, ga-shi'-be. i-ga-xe tha-gthi" xtsi a-bthi".
Ipaid a debt, wa-thu'-ge tse a-shi-be. you have a good pen, wa-gthe'-ge
you paid a debt, wa-thu'-ge tse i-ga-xe tha-gthi° xtsi a-ni.
tha-shi-be. pencil, we'-gthe-ge-the.
we paid a debt, wa-thu'-ge tse my pencil is black, we'-gthe-ge-the
o°-ga'-shi-bai. wi-ta ga-be.
pay (to) a salary, u-kshe'-to°. your pencil is red, we'-gthe-ge-the
I paid him a salary, u-kshe'-to° thi-ta zhu-dse.
a-ki-e-tho. peninsula, ni-u'-ga-xthi i-ha tse (which
you paid me a salary, u-kshe'-to° see).
o°-tha-ki e-tho. penitence, u-thu'-ba.
payment (by the Government), penitentiary, mo°-go°' thi°-ta-a-ba-
wa-ki'-gtha-e wa-ga-shi-be. sda (which see).
peace, tho'-da. penknife, mc'-hi" zhi°-ga.
peaceful, wa-shta'-ge. I gave him a penknife, mo^'-hi"
peaches, ko°-dse hi° stse-e. zhi°-ga wi° a-k'i ha.
peaches (yellow), ko°-dse hi° stse-e you gave him a penknife, mo "'-hi"
zhi°-ga wi° tha-k'i.
tse gi.
we gave him a penknife, mo°'-hi°
the yellow peaches are ripe, ko°-dse
zhi°-ga wi° o°-k'i i.
hi° stse-e tse gi a-ba dsu-dse a
penniless, mo°'-ge gka thi°-ge.
bo. pennyroyal, pe'-zhe-tu-hu.
peak, ba-xu'-pa-gi. mosquitoes do not like pennyroyal,
pecans, wa-da'-gto-gta. tha'-po°-ge a-ba pe'-zhe tu-hu i-gi
pecan tree, wa-da'-gto-gta hi. bi a.
pension, a'-ki-da wa-gi-shi-be. perjure (to), i'-xo-be.

penurious, wa-tse'-xi. you perjin-ed yourself, i-thi xo-be
Peoria, Indian Tribe, Tho'-tho". a-tha.
pepper, mo'>-ko"'-pa. permanency, permanent, ga-gi' sho"-
pepper (black), iiio"-l<:o"'-pa ga-be. sho"-e.
pepper (red), ino"-lj:o»'-pa zhu-dsc. permissible, i'-gi-no°-hi" tho"-tse.
pepper (white), mo"-ko"'-pa qka. permission (to give), i'-gi-no"-hi".
perceive, (lo"'-bo. I gave permission, i-tha'-gi-no"-hi".
I perceive, a'-to"-be. you gave permission, i'-tha-gi-no"-
you perceive, a'-shko"-be. hi°.
we perceive, o°-ga'-do°-ba i. permit (to), same as permission,
perceptible, wa-tc'-i". perpendicular, tho'-to"-tse.
perch (a fish), hu-btha'-gka zhi"-ga. perplexing, ho^'-tse gi'-wa-tse-xi.
perch are good to eat, hu-btha'-?ka perplexity, no°'-thi°; (2) o-k'o° wa-
zhi"-ga a-ba tha-tse tha-gthi" bi a. no"-tha-zhi (which see).
perch (flat) ho-btha'-gka. perquisites, u'-wa-ga-shi-lê a-gthi°-
percolate (to), u-xto°'. ha.
I percolatethe coffee, mo"-ko°' persecute (to), thi-hi'-dse.
ga-be tse u-xto° pa-xe. I persecute, bthi'-hi-dse.
you percolate the coffee, mo''-ko°' you persecute, stsi'-hi-dse.
ga-be tse u-xto" shka-xe. we persecute, o^-thi'-hi-dsa i.
we percolate the coffee, mo^-ko"' persecutor, wa-thi'-hi-dse a-ka.

5a-be tse u-xto° o°-ga-xa i. persimmon, gta-i°'-ge.
percussion, da'-po-lvi. persimmon tree, gta-i^'-ge hi.
perennial, i'-gi-ha u-i. persistence, da'-a-mo°-]ia.
the rose is perennial, xtlia-gka a-ba personally, u-zhu' a-ka.
i-gi-ha u-i shna bi a. I who stand here, u-zhu a'-to°-he.
perfection, tha'-gthi" xtsi. you who stand here, u-zhu tha-to°
perfidy, u'-shki-ga. she.
perforate (to), ba-xtho'-ge. personate, e-e'-ki-ka-xe.
I perforated my ears, no°-ta wi-ta personify, tha-ni'-ka-shi-ga; (2) ni'-
pa-xtho-ge. ka-shi-ga ga-xe.
you perforated your ears, no°-ta perspiration, u-da'-bthi.
thi-ta shpa-xtho-ge. perspire (to), ba-xi'-dse.
we perforated our ears, no"-ta o°-ba- I perspire, o°'-ba-xi-dse.
xtho-ga i. you perspire, thi'-ba-xi-dse.
perforation, u-k'u-dse. perspiring, u-da'-bthi.
perform (to), ga'-xe. I am perspiring, o°-wo°'-da-bthi.
I perform, pa'-xe. You are perspiring, u-thi'-da-bthi.
you perform, shka'-xe. We are perspiring, u-wa'-da-bthi i.
we perform, o°-ga'-xa i. pestle (used with a mortar), ho'-
performer, ga'-xe a-ka. we-pa.
he is a good performer, da-ga'-xe persuade (to), a'-pe.
pi-o° bi a. Ipersuade, a'-a-pe.
perhaps, tse'-gko". you persuade, a'-tha-pe.
pericardium (sac surrounding the we persuade, o°'-ga-pa i.
heart), tho"'-dse u-thi-xi" (which persuade (to) against, i-gi-zhu-shi.
see). I persuaded against it, i-tha'-gi-
peril, perilous, i'-lj:o-i-pshe. zhu-shi.
perish (to), xi'-tha. you persuaded against it, i'-tha-gi-
I perish, a-xi-btha. zhu-shi.
you perish, tha-xi-shda. we persuaded against it, o^-tho^-gi-
flowers perish, xtha-gka ba-shki xi- zhu-shi i.
tha-no° bi a tha. pertaining to, e-ta'-o-ba-he.

perverse, u'-shki-ga. pig, Ijo-ljo'gi.

he is perverse, u'-shki-ga bi a. pigsty, ko-ko'-gi a-ba-ta.
perversion, thi-e'-zhi. pigeon, thi-ta.
perversity, u'-shki-ga. pigeon (white), thi-ta gka.
petition, wa-da'. pigeon (gray), thi-ta xo-dse.
petrify (to), i'^-ki-the (which see). pignut, ga'-gthu-hi; po^'-tc-ga zhi°-ga.
petroleum, a'-da-ko"» we-gthi°. pile (to place in a pile), a'-kia-gta.
pettifogger, wa'-ki-e. I piled tlie wood, zho°' tse a-kia-gta
I disHke a pettifogger, wa'-ki-e zhi"- pa-xe.
ga ba we-a-gi. j'ou piled the wood, zho°' tse a-kia-
pharmacy, mo°-ko°' tsi. gta shka-xe.
phlegm, ho'-xpe-xthi-xthi. wo piled the wood, zho°' tse a-kia-
photograph, i^-dse' wa-gtha-ge. gta o°-ga-xa i.
physician, wa-ko°'-da-gi. pilfer (to), wa-mo°'-tho°.

I sent for a physician, wa-ko°'-da-gi it is bad to pilfer, wa-mo°'-tho° tse
gi-bo° the a-wa-ki-the ha. pi-a-zhi ha.
pick (to) from the ground, ba-hi'.
pillow, i^'-be-hi".
I picked from the ground, pa' -hi.
pillow (feather), mo°'-sho° i"'-be-hi°.
you picked from the ground, shpa'-hi. pillow (hard), i°'-be-hi° ga-gi.
we picked from the ground, o"- pillow (large), i^'-be-hi" to^-ga.
ba'-hi i.
I like a soft pillow, i°-be-hi° shto"-ga
pick (to) up, i'-ba-sda-dse. xta a-the ha.
I pick up, ipa'-sda-dse.
you like two pillows, i°-be-hi° tho°-ba
you pick up, i-shpa'-sda-dse.
xta tha-the ha.
we pick up, o°-tho°-sda-dsa i.
pimples, i"-dse'-ha mc-gta.
pick (to) fruit, Ico^-dse thu-we.
pin (common), giu'-ka hiu-lja ta-xe
Ipick fruit, ko°-dse thu-we.
(which see).
you pick fruit, ko°-dse stsu-we.
pincers, we'-thi-stsu-e.
pick (to) corn, ha'-ba thu-ge.
I lost the pincers, we'-thi-stsu-e ke
I pick corn, ha-ba bthu-ge.
u-xpa'-the a-the ha.
you pick corn, ha'-ba ni-ge.
you found the pincers, we'-thi-stsu-e
we pick corn, ha'-ba o^-thu-ga i.
ke i' -tha-the ha.
pick (to) flowers, thi'-ge.
pick flowers, xtha-gka bthi-ge.
pine tree, ba'-go° hi.
I
I likethe smell of the pine tree, ba'-
you pick flowers, xtha-gka ni'-ge.
go° hi tse u-thi-btha xta a-the ha.
we pick flowers, xta-gka o°-thi'-ga i.
pinion, mo°'-sho° xu-be.
pickerel, ho-gthe'-zhe; (2) hu-gthe'-
pink, zhi-hi.
zhe; (3) ho'-stse-e-zhi"-ga.
picket (post stuck in the ground), a pink rose, xtha-gka zhi'-ni wi" the
tse.
we'-u-ga-shke gtho".
pickles, Ijo-ko-ma ts'a-the. pinkish, zhu'-dse e-go°.
pickles (sweet), ô-ko-ma gki-the. pious, wa-ko^'-da i-thi-gtho" (which
pie, ko°'-dse u-gtho°; (2) wa-dsiu'-e see),
ko"-dse u-gtho°. he is very pious, wa-ko°'-da i-thi-

meat pie, wa-dsiu-e ta u-gtho°. gtho" i-ha.
piece (of anything), he' -be. pipe (for smoking), no°-ni'-o°-ba.
piece by piece, he' -be tho°-tho°. I cleaned the bowl of my pipe, no°-
pierce (to), ba-xtho'-ge. ui'-o"-ba a-gi pa'-gu-dse.
I pierced (my ears), pa'-xtho-ga. you cleaned the bowl of your pipe,
you pierced (your ears), shpa'-xtho- no°-ni'-o°-ba tha-gi shpa-gu-dse.
ga. pippin (an apple), she'-to°-ga.
we pierced (our ears); o°-ba'-xtho- I want a red apple, she'-to°-ga zhu-
gai. dse wi" ko°-btha.
pierced for earrings, no°-ta'-ba- you want a sweet apple, she'-to°-ga
xthu-ge. gki-the wi° shko°-shta.
piqued, gi'-ba-lfo". placid (as applied to water), ni-
I am piqued, o"'-ba-ko° ha. xthu'-zhi.

you are piqued, thi'-ba-ljo" ha. plan (to) to benefit another, wa-gi'-
pirogue, ba-dse' zhi°-ga. thi-gtho°.
pistol, wa-ho'-to°-the pa. plank (board), no°'-ha btha-^ka.
I have a pistol, wa-ho'-to»-the pa I walked on a plank, no°'-ha btha-
wi" a-bthi" ha, gka a-a-pshe.
you have a pistol, wa-ho'-to°-the pa you walked on a plank, no "'-ha btha-
wi° a-sti° ha. gka a-tha-pshe.
pitcher (water), i'°-lco°-ba ni-u-tho- plank (floor board), no°'-ha-a-no°-
zhu. ku-ge.
pitcher (glass), ni'-u-thu-zhu. plant (to), a'-mo°-gthe.
pitchfork, mo°-hi°' i-ba-xtho"-ge. plant (to place a pole in the ground),
lend me your pitchfork, mo°-hi»' bo'-ga.
i-ba-xtho°-ge thi-thi ta-ke o"-wo° I planted the pole, zho° gthe ke bo'-
1^'io! a-ga to"-dse ke dsi.
pith, zho°'-u-5u. you planted the pole, zho° gthe ke
to°-dse ke no'-tha-ga.
pitiless, wa-tha'-k'e-tha-zhi.
pity (to), tha-k'e'-wa-the.
plant (to), u'-zhu.
I pity them, tha-k'e'-a-wa-the. I plant corn, ha'-ba u-wa-zhu.
you pity them, tha-k'e'-wa-tha-tha. you plant corn, ha'-ba u-tha-zhu.

we pity them, tha-k'e'-o°-wo"-tha i. we plant corn, ha'-ba o°-gu' zhu i.
I have been to plant corn, u-zhu pshi
pity (to) one's self, tha-k'e-ki-the.
placard, u'-we-toM° ga-xe. a-tha.
place (to) one object on another, you have been to plant corn, u-tha
a'-gtho". zhu she a-tha.
I placed it on the other, ga-ha a-a-
we have been to plant corn, u-zhu'
o° ga-hi bi a-tha.
gtho".
plaster, tsi-a'-bi-shta-be.
you placed it on the other, ga-ha'
plate (a dish), hi°'-dse btha-k'a.
a-tha-gtho".
I put the plate on the table, hi°'-dse
we placed it on the other,, ga-ha'
btha-k'a tse a-wa-no°-bthe ga-ha i
o°-ga-gtho" i.
tse a-the.
place (to) a round object on another,
plate (china), hi°'-dse btha-tha; hi°'-
a'-ki-gtho°.
dse btha-xe.
place (to) something perpendicu-
plats (of land, as charts), mo°-zho°'
lar on another, a-gthe.
wa-gthe-ge.
I placed it standing on the other,
Platte River, Nebr., Ni-btha'gka.
a' -a-gthe.
play (to), as to frolic, shka'-dse.
you placed it standing on the other,
I play, a-shka'-dse.
a-tha-gthe.
you play, tha-shka'-dse.
we placed it standing on the other, we play, o°-shka'-dse i.
o°-tha-gtha i.
play (to) upon, a'-gi-shka-de.
place (to) small object on a saddle, play (to) a trick on some one, thi'-
a'-ta-gthe. ho-da.
I placed it on the saddle, a'-a-ta-gthe. I played a trick on him, bthi'-ho-da.
You placed it on the saddle, a'-tha- you played a trick on him, ni'-ho-da.
ta-gthe. we played a trick on him, o"-thi'-
we placed it on the saddle, o°'-ga-ta- ho-da i.
gtha i. playful, wa-da' thi°-ge.
place frequently, u-gtha'-gtha. pleasantry, wa-tha'-ho-da.
he placed, i-tse'-the. (From a ritual.) pleased (to be), tha-gthi°.
placid (as a quiet lake), niu'-thu- I am pleased, o^'-tha-gthi".
btha-ge. you are pleased, gi'-tha-gthi".
pleasing to look at, u-ta'-ga. pneumonia, thiu'-e ni-e.

pleasure, gi'-gu; (2) gi-do°-ho°; (3) he has pneumonia, thiu'-e ni-e o° bi o.
u'-gi-5u. pocket, u'-zhu.
Pleiades, Ta-pa. pocketbook, mo^'-ge-gka u-zhu.
plenty, u-tsi; u-she. pocket gopher, mo°-ni'-ga; (2) mo°-
plenty (to have), da'-do° to°. i^'-ga.
I have plenty, da'-do° a-to°. pockmark, i°-dse' xtho-xtho-ge.
you have plenty, da' -do" tha-to°. point (to), a'-ba-gu.
we have plenty, da'-do° o°-to" i. I point at the tree, zho° tse a'-pa-gu.
plenty (enoug-h), u-thu'-thi^-ga-zhi. you point at the tree, zho° tse
I have plenty for all, u-thii'-thi- a'-shpa-Qu.
thi°-ga nio°-zhi. we point at the tree, zho" tse o"-ga-
you have plenty for all, o°-tho°'-wo° ba-gu i.
thi°-ga a-zhi. point (to) with the finger, i-tha'-ba-

plentiful, u'-she. gu.
the corn is plentiful, wa-ha'-ba u-she. point (to) the muzzle of the gun,
pliers, vie'-thi-stsu-e. ba-hi'-dse.
plover (a), tsi°'-zhl°-ga. I pointed the gun lower, pa-hi-dse.
plow (to), we. you pointed the gun lower, shpa'-
I plow, a-wa'-e. hi-dse.
you are plowing, wa-tha'-e. we pointed the gun lower, o°-ba-
we are plowing, o°-wo°'-a 1. hi-dsa i.
plow (n.), mo°'-5e we-e. point, pa-gi'.

lend me your plow, mo^'-ê-we-e pointer (a), we'-a-ba-gu.
o^-wo"* ki o. poison, mo°-ko°' pi-zhi.
I broke my plow, mo^'-ge-we-e he drank poison, mo"-lj;o°' pi-zhi
a-gthi-xo°. tha-to°.
you broke your plow, mo^'-ge-we-e poker (a), no°'-xpe.
tha-gthi°-xo°. pokeweed, ba-gu'.
pluck (to) a feather, thu-shta. polemic, wa-zha'-shto°.
I plucked the chicken, giu-lja zhi^-ga pole (ridgepole of tent), i'-ga-e.
thi°-ke bthu-shta. polestar, mi-ka'-]^'e mo°-thi°-zhi; (2)
you plucked the chicken, giu-ka mi-ka-k'e wa-gpe.

zhi°-ga thi°-ke stsu-shta. policeman, a'-ki-da; (2) u'-thi^-ge.
did you pluck the goose? mi-xa polish (to) metal, bi-tse'-ga,
thi^-ke ni-shta a(?) I poUsh the gun, wa-ho-to°-the ke
pluck (to) corn, xa-pe-no°. pi-tse-ga.

plum, ko^'-dse. you polish the gun, wa-ho-to°-the
I am eating plums, ko"'-dse btha-tse ke shpi-tse-ga.
mi kshe o. polish (to) wood or stone, ba-shta'-
you are eating plums, ko'^'-dse ha.
sta-tse ni kshe o. I polish stone, i'" pa-shta-ha.
plumage, mo°'-sho°. you poHsh stone, i'" shpa-shta-ha.
plume (a), same as plumage; also, we polish stone, i'° o^-ga-ba-shta-

wa'-gthe. ha i.
plume, ornamental, gka'-gthe wa- polisher, we'-bi-shda-ha.

gthe. poll tax, we'-thi-xthi ga-shi-be.
plunder (to take or rob), da' -do" the poll-tax must be paid, we'-thi-
wa-gi'-sha. xthi ga-shi-be tse o^-ga'-shi-be
plunge (to), ni'-u-bi-do°. ta i ke.
I plunged, niu'-pi-do°. pollute (to) water, ni'-i-gi-gi-ge ga-xe.
you plunged, niu'-shpi-do°. I polluted the water, ni'-i-gi-gi-ge
we plunged, niu'-o°-gu-bi-do° i.
.

pollute (to) water —
continued. portly, shi" to"-ga; tsc'-ge gtho" the;
you polluted the water, ni'-i-gi-gi-ge wi'-u-gthe c-zhi.
shka-xe. he is portly, shi"'to°-ga bi a.
we polluted the water, ni'-i-gi-gi-ge portress, wa-l^'o' tsi-zhe-be a-lji-da
o"-ga-xa i. (which see).
ponime blanche (white apple), do'- position, u'-thi-to".
gthe (which see). I am in a good position, u'-thi-to°
poramel, no"'-ta-gthc-pa. tha-gthi" xtsi u-wa-no°-zhi.

Ponca language, Po"'-lj;a i-c. you have a good position, u'-thi-to°
Ponca Tribe, Po"'-lja. tha-gthi" xtsi a-ni.
pond (a), ni'-(la-pa. possess (to), to".
ponderous, gki'-ge. I possess, a' -to",
.see the i)ondcrous fish, lio'-ho gtho"- you possess, tha'-to".
the ?ki-ge ke do°-ba. we possess, o°-to" i.
poniard, mon"-hi°'-pa-9i-90-be. possible, e-go" tho"-tse; tho°-ta';

pontoon, ba-dse'-btha-gka. he'-go".
the soUHcrs made a pontoon, a-ki'-da it is possible I can go, bthe' tho"-tse
a-ba ba-dsc-btha-gka wi" ga-xa a-tho.
bi a. it is possible you can go, stse' tho°-
pony, ka-wa zhi"-ga. tse a-tho.
I ride my pony, lj:a'-wa zhi^-ga a-a- it is possible we can go, o"-ga'-the
gi-gthi". tho"-tse a-tho.
you ride your pony, l>a'-wa zhi°-ga postage stamp, wa-gthe'-ge wa-tha-
a-tha-gi-thi". gta; (2) wa'-tha-gta-gtho".
poor, u-thu'-ta-thi"; (2) wa-xpa'-thi". I want five postage stamps, wa-
I am very poor, o°-wo°'-xpa-thi'> gthe'-ge wa-tha-gta ga-to" Ifo"-
wa-gthi". btha.
you are very poor, wa-thi'-xpa-tlii" posterity, i'-lji-da-the-the.
wa-gthi°. postman, wa-gthe'-ge-lj'i".
pop corn, ha'-ba da-po-ki. the postman brought the paper,
I like pop corn, ha'-ba da-po-ki wa-gthe'-gc-k'i° a-ba u-tha-ge wa-
o°-5u no" a-tha. gthe-gc wi" a-thi a-tsi bi a.
popgun, ba-po'-ki. Postmaster General, Wa-gthe'-ge
I have a popgun, ba-po'l>i wi° a- u-tsi gi-w'a to"-ga.
bthi". post oak, zho"'-xo-dse hi. This tree
you have a popgun, ba-po'-lji wi° a-ni is sometimes known as the iron
poppy mallow, mo"-lso'»' ton-gazhi^-ga oak, but should not be confused

(which sec). with the iron wood.
populous, ni'-ta-shi-ga u-tsi'. post oflflce, wa-gthe'-ge u-tsi (which
porch, a'-no"-lju-ge. sec).
I have a nice porch, a'-nc-ku-gc pot, tse'-xe.
tha-gthi" wi° a-bthi". potato, do (which see).
you have a big porch, a'-no"-l>u-ge Irish potato, do'-gka.
gtho^-the wi" a-ni. potent, mo°-lj;o"' u-tha-to" e-no".
porcupine, pa'-hi" (which see); (2) pothanger, tsc'-xe i-ko" the.
hi"'-wa xa-ga. pothook, tse'-xc i-ko "-the.
pork, ko-ko'-?i ta. pottery, mo"-i"'-l<a t?e-xe.
I like pork, l>o-ljo'-gi ta C'-û no" pottery is made of clay, mo°-i°'-I>a
a-tha. tse-xe tse mo"-i"'-ta-gka i-ga-xa
do you like pork? ko-ko'-gi ta thi- bi a.
qu a. poultry, giu'-]j:a zhi"-ga.
portend (to), u'-be-hni. pounce upon (to), wa-ô^'-tha.
porter, tsi'-zhe-be a-lî-da. I pounced upon (him), a-wa'-jfo"-
portion, he'-bc. btha.
pounce upon (to) — continued. preempt, i-ta'-ki-the.
you pounced upon (him), wa-tha'- Ipreempt, pa-ho"'-gthe i-ta-a-ki-the.

]iO°-shta. you preempt, pa-ho"'-gthe i-ta-tha-
we pounced upon (him), o°-wo°'- ki-the.
]ô°-tha i. prefer (to), go»'-tha.
pound, u-tsi°'. I prefer white, gka te ko°-btha.
pour (to), ni'-ga-xto"; (2) wa-ga'-xto°. you prefer black, ga-be tse shko"-
I pour water, ni' a-xto°. shta.
you pour water, ni'-tha-xto". pregnancy, wa-tse'-ge u-thi°-ge.
pout (to), xtho°. prejudiced, gi'-ho" a-zhi thi shto°.
I pout, a-xtho°. I am prejudiced, o°'-ho° mo°-zhi i"
you pout, tha'-xtho°. do.
we pout, o°-ga'-xtho" i.
you are prejudiced, thi'-ho° a-zhi i"
poverty stricken, wa-xpa'-thi°. do.
the people poverty stricken,
are
premature (as applied to birth),
ni'-ka-shi-ga a-ba wa-xpa-thi" bi
zhi°-ga' u-ts'e.
a-tha.
preparation, i'-ki-gthi-shto°.
powerful, wa-shko°' gtho^-the.
prepare (to), i'-lfi-gthi-shio".
practical, we'-ga-xe tho°-tse.
I prepared the meat for cooking, ta
prairie (belonging to), to°'-dse-gi.
u-wa-ho° ko°-btha tho" i'-ki-gthi-
prairie chicken, mo°'-no°-i°.
shto" pa-xe he.
prairie dog, mo°-thi''' xo-dse.
you prepared the meat for cooking,
prairie fire, u-gtha'-ge.
ta u-wa-ho" shko°-shta tho° i'-ki-
praise (to), tha-do^'-he.
gthi-shto° shka-xe he.
I praised him, btha'-do°-he.
present to another, k'i.
you praised him, shta'-do"-he. I presented it to him, a-k'i.
we praised him, o°-tha-do°-ha i. you presented it to him, tha-k'i.
pray (to), wi'-gi-e.
we presented it to him, o"-k'i i.
I pray, wi-a'-gi-e.
preside, a'-gthi°-gi-wa-to°-ga.
you pray, wi'-tha-gi-e.
I preside, a'-gthi^-gi-wa-to^-ga bthe.
prayer, wi'-gi-e.
you preside, a'-gthi°-gi-wa-to°-ga ni.
praying mantis, wa-gthu'-shka i°-
President, Tsi'-go-a-bi wa-to°-ga.
shta to"-ga.
press (to) the ground, a'-bi-go°-dse.
preach (to), wa-go^'-ge.
I press to the ground, a'-pi-go°-dse.
I preach, wa-po°'-ge.
you press to the ground, a'-shpi-go"-
you preach, wa-shko^'-ge. dse.
we preach, o"-wo-°'-go''-5a i.
we press to the ground, o'''-ga-ba go°-
precarious, ho'^'-tse wa-ha-gi-the.
dsa i.
precede (to), pa-ho°'-gthe the.
press down (to), making compact,
I precede, pa-ho°'-gthe bthe ha.
u-ba'-gki.
you precede, pa-ho°'-gthe shne ha.
I compact, u-pa-gki.
pressed it
preceptor, wa-go°'-ge.
you pressed it compact, u-shpa-gki.
preceptress, wa-go^'-ge wa-k'o.
precious, u'-xta.
we pressed it compact, o°-gu'-ba-gki i.
precious stone, i'° u-xta wi°. pretend (to), wa-mo°'-xe-the; go°-ge.
he sells precious stones, i'" u-xta we- pretend, po°-ge'.

I
thi-wi° no° bi a. you pretend, shko°-ge'.

precipice, mo°'-ha stse-dse. we pretend, o°-go°'-ga i.
precipitately, u'-he-ga-zhi u-xpa-the. pretext, wa-tho°'-dse-shi go°-ge (which
see).
precise, e-go° xtsi.
preeminence, da'-wa-ga-xa (which pretty, u-ta'-ga.
it is very pretty, u-ta'-ga wa-gthi".
prevail (to), u-hi'. probe (to) a wound continued, —

I prevail, u-wa'-hi. you probed (the wound), shpa'-gu-
you prevail, u-tha'-hi. dse.
we prevail, o"-gii'-hi i. we probed (the wound), o"-ba'-gu-
prevent (to) anything from blow- dsa i.
ing, a'-no"-go°-dse. proceed (to), wa-mo^'-thi^-the.

Iprevented it, a'-a-no°-go"-dse. I proceed, gi bthu'-the ha wa-mo"-
you prevented it, a'-tha-nc-c^c-dse. thi" te.
prevent (to) from moving, a'-ba-t'u. 3'ou proceed, gi-ni'-the ha wa-mo°-
I i)revented it from moving, a'-pa- thi" te.
Vu. we proceed, gi o°-thu'-tha i wa-mo"-
you prevented it from moving, a'- thi° te.
shpa-t'u. proceeds, o'-kshe-to".
we prevented it from moving, o"'-ga- proclaim (to), o-tha'-ge the-the.
ba-t'u i. Iproclaim, o-btha'-ge the-a-the.
prickly, wa-xa'-ga. you proclaim, o-sta'-ge the-tha-the.
primary, pa-ho^'-gthe. we proclaim, o°-gu'-thu-ge the-o°-
principal, wa-to'''-ga; (2) wa-ba'-xi; tha i.
(3) u'-zhu. procreator, wa-mo°'-pshe-the.
print, da'-gthe-zhe the. prodigious, gtho°'-the.
I print, da'-gthe-zhe a-thc ha. profusion, u-bu'-dse.
you print, da'-gthe-zhe tha-the ha. there were flowers in profusion, xtha-
we print, da'-gtlie-zhe o^-tha i. gka keu-bu-dse ga-xa bi a.
prison, ho^'-no^-pa-ge tsi. prominence, u-zhu-a'-gi-zhi°-bi.
he went to prison, ho°'-no"-pa-c,'e promissory note, mo"'-ge-gka u-da
tsi tse u-gthi" a-tha bi a. wa-gthe-ge.
privacy, as a consultation, n()"-xtlio"' I gave a promissory note, mo^'-ge-gka
ha. u-thu-da wi" a-wa-ki.
I want a private consultation with promptly, thu-e'-xtsi.
him, no^-xtho" ha u-wa-lj;i-e ko"- he went promptly, thu-e'-xtsi a-tha
btha ha. bi a.
private (a soldier), a'-ki-da zhi°-ga. pronounce (to), tha-dse'.
prize (to), u'-xta. Ipronounce, btha'-dse.
I prize it, u'-xta pa-xe. you pronounce, shda'-dse,
you prize it, u'-xta shka-xe. we pronounce, o°-tha'-dsa i.
we prize it, u'-xta o"-ga-xa i. proposal (a), da'-do° ba-ha.

prized, gi'-wa-xthi. prosperous, ni'-ka-do°-he.
I prized it, o'-'-wa-xthi-ha. prostrate (to), kshe.
I prized my watch, mi u'-tha-gc tho" prostrate (to lie), ga-ga'-da hi-zho°.
o°-wa-tse-xthi ha. I lay prostrate, o"-a'-ga-da hi-zho".
you prize it, thi'-wa-xthi ha. you lay prostrate, thi-a'-ga-da lii-
you prize your ring, nC-be u'-thi- zho°.

xtha tho" o°-wa-tse xthi ha. protect (to), a'-lfi-no"-zhi°.
probate (to), wa-gthe'-ge ga-xc. I protect, a'-a-no"-zhi° ha.
I probated it, wa-gthe'-ge pa-xe. you protect, a'-tha-no^-zhi".
you probated it,wa-gthe'-ge shka-xe. you protect him, ni'-ka-shi-ga to"
we probated it, wa-gthe'-ge o°-ga-xa i. a-tha gi-no^-zhi".
probe (to), search, a'-ga-gu. we protect, o"-ga'-gi-no''-zhi° i.
I probe, a'-a-ga-gu. protege, da'-i-tha-do"-ba bi.
you probe, a'-tha-ga-gu. protest (to), i'-zhu-shi.

we probe, o°-ga'-ga-gu i. I protest, i-wi-gi-zhu-shi.
probe (to) a wound, l)a-gu'-dsc. you protest, i-tha-zhu-shi.
I probed (the wound), pa-gu-dse. we protest, o"-tho'''-zhu-shi i.
protrude (to), u-ba'-he. pull (to) bark off a tree, thi-xthu'-dse.

my foot protrudes, gi-te u-ba-ha ta I pulled the bark off, bthi'-xthu-dse.
e-o°-tho°-be ha. you pulled the bark off, ni'-xthu-dse.
your foot protrudes, gi-te u-ba-ha de we pulled the bark off, o°-thi'-xthu-
e-thi-tho°-be ha. dsa i.
provender, wa-da-gthe wa-no°-bthe. pullet, giu'-ka mi-ga zhi°-ga.
provoke (to), u'-ba-ko°. I have a white pullet, giu'-ka mi-ga
I provoked him, gi-ba-ko° pa-xe ha. zhi°-ga gka wi° a-bthi°.
you provoke me, gi-ba-ko° o°-shka- pulsation, ko°-bo'-gi-gi.
xeTia. pulse (the), bu'-gi-gi.
provoking, wa'-ba-ko°-e-wa-the. pulverize (to), ga-to'-be.
prowess, wa-gi'-gi-ge. I pulverized the sugar, zho°-ni' te
prunes, ko"'-dse ga-be. a-to-be ha.
I eat prunes, ko°'-dse ga-be btha te pulverize (to), smash ripe fruit, thi-
ha. xtho'^'-zhe; ga-sho-ge.
you eat prunes, ko°'-dse ga-be shta I pulverized it, bthi-xtho"-zhe.
tse ha. you pulverized it, ni'-xtho°-zhe.
prudence, no°'-xe ga-gi'. we pulverized it, o°-thi'-xtho°-zha i.
public, ni'-ka-shi-ga ga-ni. pulverized, to'-ba-the.

pucker (to) the mouth, u-thi'-xtho". puma, i^-gthc'-ga.
I puckered my mouth, i-te u-bthi'- pump (a), ni i'-thi-ge.
xtho". the town pump, to^'-wo" ni-i-thi-ge
you puckered your mouth, i-te u-ni'- te.
xtho°. I went to the pump for water, ni

we puckered our mouths, i-te o°-gu'- i'-thi-ge te dse ni a-pi-pi ha.
thi-xtho° i. pumpkin, wa-to°'.
Pueblo Tribe, I'°'-da-pa we-tsi°. the pumpkin is yellow, wa-to"' tho°
pugilism, da-ge'. gi.
pugilist, da'-ge ni-ka-shi-ga. pumpkin vine, wa-to°' hi.

I like to see a good pugilist, da-ge pumpkin pie, wa-to°' ko"-dse u-gtho°.
ni-ka-shi-ga pi-o° the do "-be o^-gu punch (to) holes, u-ba'-ku-dse.
no° a-tha. punch (to) with an awl, ba-xthu'-ge.
pull (to) with the hands, thi'-do°. I punched, pa-xthu-ge.
I pull, bthi'-do°. you punched, shpa'-xthu-ge.
I pulled the boat, be-dse ke bthi-do° we punched, o°-ba'-xthu-ga i.
ha. punch (to) full of holes, ba-dsu'-tha.

you pull, ni'-do°. I punched, pa-dsu-tha.
pull (to) boots or shoes on, u-thiu- you punched, shpa'-dsu-tha,
xtha. we punched, o°-ba'-dsu-tha i.
pull (to) hard, u'-he-ga-zhi thi-do°. punishment (for violating law), we'-
pull (to) for some one, gi'-thi-do°. ga-be wa-kchi-xe.
pull (to) the hair, thi-pa-mo°-ke-dse. punk (decayed wood), zho°'-tsi-k'a
I pulled his hair, bthi'-pa-mo°-ke- (which see).
dse. purchase (to), thi-wi°'; wa-thi-wi°.

you pulled his hair, ni' -pa-mo "-ê- Ipurchase, bthi'-wi°; wa-bthi-wi°.
dse. you purchase, ni'-wi°; wa-stsi-wi°.
pull (to) one to the ground, thi-xi'- we purchase, o"-thi'-wi" i.
tha. I will purchase the house, tsi' tse

I pulled him to the ground, bthi-xi- Vjthi°-wi° X-a, a-to° hi o.
tha. purify (to), wa-gi'-hi ga-xe.

you pulled him to the ground, ni'- I purify, wa-gi'-hi pa-xe.
xi-tha. you purify, wa-gi'-hi shka-xe.
we pulled him to the ground, o"-thi'- we purify, wa-gi'-hi o°-ga-xa i.
xi-tha i. purple, tu-hu zhu-dse e-go".

312 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (UULI. 109
purse, !iu)"'-(ê-gka ii-zlui. push (to) one back, a'ba-ts'u.

pursue (to), thi-xe'. I pushed him back, a'-pa-ts'u.
I pursue, bthi'-xe. you pushed him back, a'-shpa-ts'u.
you pursue, ni'-xe. we pushed him back, o"-ga'-ba-ts'u i.
\vc pursue, o°-thi'-xa i. push (to) through a thicket, ba-tsi'-
pursued, xthi'-bi. tsi-zhe.
I pursued him, bthi'-xe ha. I pushed through the thicket, pa'-
you pursued me, o^'-thi-xa i ha. tsi-tsi-zhe.
push (to), ba-do"'. you pushed through the thicket,
I push, pa' -do", shpa'-tsi-tsi-zhe.
you push, shpa'-do". push (to) upside down, ba-lji'-gtha-
we push, o'>-ba'-do° i. sho".
push (to) against, a'-ba-fC-dse. I pushed it upside down, pa'-lji-
push (to) apart, ba-lji-tha-ha. gtha-sho".

I i)ushed apart, pa-ki-tha-ha. you pushed it upside down, shpa'-
you pushed apart, slipa'-ki-tha-ha. ki-gtha-sho".
we pushed apart, o"-ba-ki-tha-ha i. we pushed it upside down, oi^-ba'-
push (to) away to make clean, no"- gtha-sho" i.
k'u. put (to) away food, pi'-gthe.

push (to) down from a height, u-ba'- I put food away, wa-no°-bthe te
spa-tlie. pi-a-gthe.
push (to) one's self in a boat, Ici- you put food away, wâ-no^-bthe te
pa-do". pi-tha-gthe.
I push myself, a-ki'-pa-do°. put (to) away one's things, i-tho"'-
you push yourself, tha-lji' -pa-do". gi-the; i-te-the.
we push ourselves, o^-ki'-pa-do" i. I put my plow away, mo^'-ge-we-e
push (to) one backward, ba-iiio"'- tlio" i-tho°-a-gi-tlie.
the i-the-thc. you put your plow away, mo"'-ge-
I puslied him backward, pa-mo °'- wo-e tho" i-tho" tha-gi-the.
the i-the-a-the. put (to) forth greatest effort, ha'-
you pushed him backward, shpa- xti-k'o".
mo°'-the i-the-tha-the. I put forth great effort, ha'-xti-a-ki-
we pushed him backward, o°-ba- k'o".
mo°-the i-the-o"-tha i. you put forth great effort, ha'-xti-
push (to)and make slide, l)a-xu-c. tha-ki-lj'o".
I pushed it and made it slide, pa'- we put forth great effort, ha'-xti-o"-
xu-e. Ijii-t'o" i.
you pushed it and made it slide, shpa- put (to be) out of one's house,
xu-e. a'-shi-o°-tha.
we pushed it and made it slide, o"- I was put out of my house, a'-shi-
ba-xu-a i. o^-c-tha 1 ha tsi wi-ta te-di to",
push (to) down with the hands, ba'- you were put out of your house,
ta-the. a'-shi-thi-o^-tha ha tsi thi-ta di i
I pushed it down, pa-ta-the. to".

you pushed it down, shpa-ta-thc. put (to) out a fire, ga-gthe'-zhe.
we pushed it down, o"-ba-ta-tha i. I put out the fire, a'-gthe-zhe.
push (to) till one falls, ba-xi'-tha. you put out the fire, tha'-gthe-zhe.
I pushed till he fell, ni'-lja-shi-ga pa- we i)ut out the fire, o"-ga'-gthe-zha i.
xi-tha. put (to) wood on the fire, zho"'

you pushed till he fell, ni'-ka-shi-ga u-wo°.
shpa-xi-tha. Iput wood on the fire, zho" u'-wa-o°.
we pushed till he fell, ni'-lca-shi-ga you put wood on the fire, zho"'
o"-ba-xi-tha i. u- tha-o°.
.
put (to) on shoes, ho°-be' u-to°. put (to) down to rest —continued,
I put on my shoes, ho°-be u-wa-to". you put it down to rest, ki'-i-no°-
you put on your shoes, ho°-be tha-the.
u-tha-to°. we put it down to rest, ki'-i-no°-
we put on our shoes, ho^-be o°-gu- o°-tha i.

to° i.
putrefied, do-zha'-the.
put (to) down something erect,
putrefy, tsi'-tc'a.
puzzle (to), gi-no^'-thi" ga-xe.

ki'-i-tse-the.
I puzzled him, gi-no'''-thi° pa-xe ha
I put down, ki'-i-tse-a-the.
it
ni-ka-shi-ga thi°.
you put it down, ki'-i-tse-tha-the.
you puzzled him, gi-no°'-thi° shka-xe
we put it down, ki'-i-tse-o°-tha i. ha.
put (to) down to rest, ]j;i'-i-no''-the. we puzzled him, gi-no"'-thi° o°-ga-
I put it down to rest, ki'-i-no°-a-the. xa i.
a
quadruped, wa-dsu'-ta hi u-gthe do-ba question (to) continued. —
(which see). did you question him? i'-shto°-xe a(?)
quaff (to), tha-to»'. question, wa-we'-mo°-xe.
quail (a), u'-shi-tsi-the wa-ga-xe; (2) he asked you a question, wa-we'-thi-
sho^'-pa-gthe-ge (which see). mo°-xa i.
quandary, no°'-thi°. quick, wa-to'-ge.

I am quandary, a-no°'-bthi°.
in a quick movement, thi°-hau.
you are quandary, tha-no°'-ni«
in a quicksand, pi-?a' ga-da-dse.
we are in a quandary, o^-no^'-thi" i. quickly, wo°-go°.
Quapaw Creek, Okla., U-ga'-xpa go quickly, wo°-go° tha thi° ho.
ga-xa. quick-tempered, tho^'-dse wa-he-he.
quarrel (to), ki-ki'-zhi". he is quick tempered, tho°'-dse wa-
I quarrel, a-ki'-zhi°. he-ha i ha.
you quarrel, tha-ki'-zhi". quick-witted, wa-thi'-gtho" gi-gi.
quarrelsome, da-ge'-shto". quiet, wa'-5pe; xthi-u'-zhi.

quart (a), ni'-we-lj'u-tse. quietly, xthu'-zhi.
a quart of milk, ba-ge'-ni ni-we-lf'a- quiet water, ni-xthu'-zhi.
tse wi°, quill, mo"'-sho° u-ga-gi.
quarter of a dollar, ga-shpe' tho°-ba. quinine, a-tsi° ga-ba-xe.
give me a quarter, ga-shpe' tho°-ba quirt, we'-ga-zhi°.
wi" o°-k'i o. {See bit.) quiver (a), mo°'-zhu (which see); mo"'-
queen (in deck of cards), zhe-ga'- zhi.
zhi°-ga (which see). I have a puma-skin quiver, i^-gtho"'-
question (to), i-tho°-xe. ga mo"-zhu wi° a-bthi" ha.
I questioned the boy, shi°-to-zhi°-ga quoits, da'-pa.
the i'-btho°-xe ha.
R
rabbit, mo°-shti°'-ge (sometimes called rabbit (jack), mo°-shti''-ge no°-t.a-
cottontail) stse e.
I searched the woods for a rabbit, I shot a jack rabbit, mo"-shti'' no°-ta
hu-xtha-be ke ho'-to°-be pa-xe stse e a-ku'-dse ha.
mo°-shti°-ge wi° i-tha-the ko"- raccoon, mi-ka'.
btha. raccoon tail, mi-ka' gi^-dse.
race (to), Ivi'-ba-iio". raise (to) an object by pushing,

I ran a race, a-ki'-ba-no". ba-mo"'-shi.
you ran a race, tha-lj:i'-ba-no". I raised it with my hands, pa-mo»'-
we ran a race, o°-ki'-ba-no" i. shi.
radiant, thi-gthi'-gthi-e. you raised it with your hands, shpa'-
the sun is radiant, mi a-ka thi-gthi- mo"-shi.
gthi-a i ha. we raised it with our hands, o°-ba'-
radiate, da'-stsu-dse. mo"-shi i.
radish, do'-gthe-zhu-e. raisins, ha'-î biu-ge.

I Hke radishes, do'-gthe zhu-e o"-5u rake (to), as dead leaves from the
no" a-tha. ground, wa-thu'-xa.
raft, zho"-ni' (which see), I raked leaves from the ground, wa-
rage, gi'-ba-ljo". bthu'-xa.
he was in a rage, wa'-gthi" gi-ba-ljo" you raked leaves from the ground,
bi a. wa-ni'-xa.
ragged, btha-btha'-5e; (2) dsiu'-tha. we raked leaves from the ground,
I am ragged, o°-dsiu' -a-tha. o^-wo^'-thu-xa i.
you are ragged, thi-dsiu'-a-tha. rake (garden), we'-thu-xe.
we are ragged, wa-dsiu-a-tha i. ram (to), as a gun, u-ba'-^ki.
to wear to rags, bi-dsiu'-tha. I ranuned the gun, wa-hu-to"-the ke
I wore my clothes to rags, pi- u-pa'-gki.
dsiu'-tha. you rammed the gun, wa-hu-t.o"-the
you wore your clothes to rags, ke u-shpa'-gki.
shpi'-dsiu-tha. we rammed the gun, wa-hu-to°-the
we wore our clothes to rags, ke o°-gu'-ba-5ki i.
o°-bi'-dsiu-tha i. ramrod, wa-ho'-to"-the i-thi-gi-hl.

ragweed, mo°-hi°'-pa. ran away, Ijô'-pshe.
raid (a), ljô"'-tha. I ran away, a-ko-pshe.
he was killed in a raid, wa-ko^'-tha you ran away, tha-ko'-pshe.
i-do° t'e-tha i ha. we ran away, c'-ga-Ico-phsa i.
a bad sense), ga-ô"'.
rail (to, in I ran away from harm, a-ha'-ge.
railroad station (depot), u-ba'-no"- rancor, gi'-ba-ô".
the. random, ho"'-shki.
meet at the railroad station, u-ba'- he went at random, ho°'-shki a-tha
no"-the te-di o"-ki-pa tse. bi a.
railroad ticket, wa-gthe'-^ê zhi^-ga rape (to), mi'-a bi-go^-dse.
(which see). rapids, niu'-i-xa-xa; (2) niu'-ga-hi-tha.
I lost my railroad ticket, wa-gthe'-rc rare, i'-ts'a-the.
zhi»-ga c-wo^-xpa-the 1° do. rare (as uncooked meat), dsu'-dsa-
rain, ni-zhiu'. zhi c-go".
It was a hard rain, ni-zhiu' wa-gthi" rascal (a), ni'-ka-shi-ga wa-ba-ljo"
bi a-tho. e-wa-the.
the rain has stopped, ni-zhiu' a-ka raspberries, tse'-xtha-tsi.
thi-shto" a-ka o. the raspberries are good to eat, tse'-
rainbow, to-sni'-gthe; (2) tu-hni-gthe. xtha-tsi a-ba tha-tse tha-gthi"
I saw the rainbow, to-sni'-gthe ke bi a.
i-tha-the ha. rat, i"-cho°'-to"-ga.
rained (to be) on, a'-no^-zhi". rat poison, i"-cho°' too-ga i-ts'e-the.
it rained on you, a'-thi-no°-zhi''. rattle (to), thi-(â'-thu.
it rained on me, o^'-no^-zhi". I made it rattle, bthi'-ga-thu.
it rained on us, wa-no^'-zhi" i. you made it rattle, ni'-ga-thu.
raise (to), lift up, ba-ho°'. we made it rattle, o^-thi'-ga-thu i.
rattle (to) by pushing, ba-ga'-thu. reassert (to) —continued.

rattlesnake, she'-ki. you reassert, shi e'-gi-she.
I am afraid of rattlesnakes, she'-ki we reassert, shi e'-o°-gi-tho° i.
no° a-wa-po. reason, e'-wo°.

raven, l}:a'-xe to°-ga. the reason, a'-i-the.
ravenous, wa-no°-bthe to"-ga. recall (to), i'-gthi-gtho".
I am ravenous, wa-no°'-bthe to°-ga I recall, i-tha'-gthi-gtho°.
bthe. you recall, i'-tha-gthi-gtho".
you are ravenous, wa-no°-bthe to"-ga we recall, o°-tho°'-gthe-gtho" i.
ni. recapture, wa-gi'-gtha-she.

we are ravenous, wa-no°-bthe to"-ga recede (after a flood), a'-tha-xi°.
o°-tha i. recede (to), ni-a'-tha-do".
ravine, o-k'o'-be; u-k'u'-be. He threw himself upon the waters,
raw, ga-ka. Mo°'-ki-gi°-dse tsi-the do" a'
raze (to), as to tear down, ga-ta'-the. And the waters receded.
I razed the house, tsi tse bthi-ta-the. Ni'-a-tha do° i-he-the to° a'.
you razed the house, tsi tse ni-ta-the. (From a ritual.)
we razed the house, tsi tse o°-ga-ta- receipt for money paid, u'-we-to°-i°
tha i.
razor (a), i°-dse-hi° i-ga-ts'u (which receive (to), thu-ge'.
see). I receive, bthu'-ge.
the razor is sharp, i"-dse-hi° i-ga- you receive, ni'-ge.
ts'u ke pa-hi wa-gthe. we receive, o°-thu'-ga i.
reach, (to) u-hi. (From a ritual.) recent, i'-tso°-ga.

reach (to) over the head, u-thu-hi'. recently, tse'-ga.
reach (to) home, ki; (2) kshi. he has come recently, tse'-ga a-gthi
Ireached home, a-ki. bi a.
you reached home, tha-ki. receptacle, u'-zhu.
(2) has he reached home? kshi a. recess, ba-no°'-the.
Yes, he has reached home, ho'- reciprocate, Iji-gthi' xo-be; (2) tho'-
we, a-kshi bi a. da-the.
read (to), wa-gthe'-ge tha-dse. reciprocity, tho'-da-the.
I read, wa-gthe'-ge btha-dse. recite (to), a'-tha-de.
you read, wa-gthe'-ge stsa-dse. I recited, a'-btha-de.
ready (to be), ha'-ha. you recited, a'-na-de.
I am ready, ha'-ha aki-the ha. we recited, o"'-ga-tha-da i.
you are ready, ha'-ha tha-ki-the ha. reckless, i'-thi-gtho" thi°-ge.

real, reality, e-go°'-xtsi. I am reckless, i'-thi-gtho" thi^-ge
reap wa-bo'-gke ga-ge.
(to), pa-xe ha.
I reap, wa-bo'-gke a-ge. you are reckless, i'-thi-gtho" thi"-ge
you reap, wa-bo'-gke tha-ge. shka-xe ha.
we reap, wa-bo'-gke o°-ga-ga i. recklessness, same as reckless.
reaper, wa-bo'-gke i-ba-xtse. reckon (to), tha-wa'.
rear, ha shi'-ta. I reckon, btha-wa'.
rear (in the), da'-ge-ta-lia. you reckon, shta-wa'.

I sat in the rear, da'-ge-ta-ha a-gthi° we reckon, o"-tha'-wa i.
ha. reclaim (to), gi-ko°-tha.
you sat in the rear, da'-ge-ta-ha I reclaimed my land, mo°-zho°'
tha-gthi" ha. tho° a-gi-ko° btha ha.
we sat in the rear, da'-ge-ta-ha you reclaimed your land, mo°-zho°'
o°-gthi° i. tho° tha-gi-shko°-shda ha.
reassert (to), shi e'-gi-tho". recline (to), as when attacking,
I reassert, shi e'-gi-pe. a'-thi-ljo".
67025—32 21
316 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. lOfl
recline (to), as asleep, a'-thi-ljo" rectify (to), gthi'-tho-to°.

zho". I rectified it, a-gthi'-tho-to".
I reclined, a'-thi-ko" a-zho". you rectified it, tha-gthi'-tho-to°.

you reclined, a'-thi-ko" tha-zho". we rectified it, o^-gthi'-tho-to" i.
we reclined, a'-thi-ljo" o^-zho" i. rectitude, o'-tho-to".

recluse (a), a'-ga-ha-ta mo"-thi°. recuperate, wa-shko"-gi-to".
recognize (to), i'-gi-ba-ho". I have recuperated, wa-shko°-a-gi-
I recognized him, i-tha'-gi-pa-ho". to" ha.
you recognized him, i'-tha-gi-shpa- you have recuperated, wa-shko"-tha-
ho°. gi-to° ha.
we recognized him, o''-tho"-gi-ba- we have recuperated, wa-shko"'-o''-

ho" i.
gi-to° i.
recollect (to), gi-î'-the. red, zhu-dse; (2) zhiu-dse.

I recollect, a-gi'-?i-the. red clay, wa-ge' zhu-dse.
you recollect, tha-gi'-gi-the. redbud tree, zho" sha-be hi.
we recollect, o°-gi'-5i-tha i. reddish, zhi-hi.
recommend (to), tha-tha'-gthi". redeem (to), gthi'-wi".
I recommend, btha'-tha-gthi". I redeemed it, a-gthi'-wi".
you recommend, shta'-tha-gthi°. you redeemed it, tha-gthi'-wi".

we recommend, o"-tha'-tha-gthi° i. we redeemed it, o°-gthi'-wi" i.
recompense (to), wa-gi'-shi-be. redeemable, gthi'-wi° wa-the.
Irecompensed him, a-gi'-shi-be. redolence, btho°-tha-gthi° u-ga-btho°.
you recompensed him, tha-gi'-shi-be. redolent, btho°-tha-gthi" (which see),
we recompensed him, o°-gi'-shi-ba i. redoubt (to), u-ha'-ge.
reconnoiter (to), tc'-wo" a-be-to" red stone, i'° zhu-dse.

wa-do^-be. reduce (to) the price of, thi-hi'-dse
reconcile (to), ki-wi^'-do". pa-gthe.

reconciliation ki-wi°'-do"; (2) tho'- I reduced the price of it, bthi' hi-dse
da-lj:i-e.
pa-gthe.
reconsider (to), o-tho'-ha ge i-gthi- you reduced the price of it, ni' hi-dse
gtho". pa-gthe.
I reconsidered, o-tho'-ha-ge i'-tha- we reduced the price of it, o"-thi'-hi-
gthi-gtho". dse pa-gtha i.
you reconsidered, o-tho'-ha-ge i-tha'- reduce to ashes, da'-thi°-ge ga-xe.

gthi-gt.ho°. reduce to poverty, thi-wa'-xpa-thi".
I reduced him to poverty, bthi'-wa-
we reconsidered, o-tho'-ha-ge o°-tho"-
gthi-gtho" i.
xpa-thi°.
recorder (a), u'-we-tc-i" ga-xe a-ka. you reduced him to poverty, ni'-
wa-xpa-thi".
recount (to), wa-gtha'-wa.
we reduced him to poverty, o°-thi'-
recover from illness, gi-ni'.
wa-xpa-thi° i.
I am recovering from an illness,
reel (to), to"-to°'-tha.
o"-gi'-ni bthe.
I reel, to°-to°'-tha bthe.
recover (to) one's property, wa-gi- you reel, to''-to°'-tha stse.
gtha-she; (2) u-gi'-kshe-to"; (3) we reel, to°-to"'-tha o°-ga-tha i.
gthu'-ge. referee wa-wiu'-do°-be.

(a),
I recovered my land, a-gthu'-ge. refinement, o'-k'o" do°-he.
you recovered your land, tha-gthu'- refrain from, tho°'-zhi-the.
ge. I refrained from action, tho°'-zhi
we recovered our land, o°-gthu-ga i.
a-gi-the.
recreate (to), gi-k'o^-ge ki-the. you refrained from action, tho^'-zhi
recriminate (to), c-go" gi-lj'o" ga-go" tha-gi-the.
a-ka (which see). wc refrained from action, tho°'-zhi
recruit (a), a'-ki-da u-nc-zhi tse-ga. o°-gi-tha i.
.
lA FLKSCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 317
refrain in a song, gi°'-dse tse. rehearsal, same as rehearse.

refresh (to), gi-tse'-ga. rein, ga-dsi° tha-pshe i-ko"-the.
refresh the memory, i'-gthi-gtho". reiterate, shi' e-gi-tho".
refrigerator, no°'-xe u-zhi. I reiterate, shi e'-gi-pe.
refuge, a-ha'-ge. you reiterate, shi e'-gi-she.
I took refuge in a forest, u-xtha-be we reiterate, shi e'-o°-gi-tho° i.
dsi u-wa'-ha-ge. reject (to), thu-ga'-zhi.

you took refuge in a forest, u-xtha-be I reject, bthi-ga'-mo°-zhi ha.
dsi u-tha'-ha-ge. you reject, ni-ga' zhi ha.
refulgent, da'-ko°-i-the. we reject, o"-thu'-ga ba-zhi i.
refund (to), wa-thu'-ge ga-shi-be. rekindle (to), pi-a'-gi-lj'o".

I refunded, wa-thu'-ge ga-shi-be pshi. I rekindled the fire, pi-a-gi-k'o° dse
you refunded, wa-thu'-ge ga-shi-be a-the.
shi. you rekindled the fire, pi-tha-gi-k'o°
we refunded, wa-thu'-ge ga-shi-be dse the.
o^-ga-hi i. we rekindled the fire, pi-o°'-gi-l^'o°
refusal, i-zhu'-shi. dse-o°-tha i.
refuse (discarded), da'-do° pi-zhi. relapse (to), u-gi'-kshi-he.
regalia, we'-ki-gthi-wi°. relate (to), u-tha'-ge.
regain, gi-to". I related, u-btha'-ge.
regain (to) possession of, u-gi-kshe- you related, u-shta'-ge.
to". we related, o°-gu'-tha-ga i.
I regained possession, u-a-gi-kshe- relation, wa-tho'-da-ki-the.

to". relative, same as relation.
you regained possession, u-tha-gi- I have many relatives, u'-tho-da-l?i-
kshe-to". the hiu a-wa-to° ha.
we regained possession, o"-gu-gi-
relay, Ija'-wa-i-lji-ha-wi" ga-xe.
kshe-to°i.
release (to) from prison, thi-shto"'-
regent (a), u-gi'-nc-zhi" a-ka.
gthe ga-xe.
regency, u'-thu-no°-zhi°.
I released him from prison, thi-shto"-
regicide, wa-to°'-ga t'se-the.
gthe pa-xe.
register (a), u'-we-to"-i°.
you released him from prison, thi-
register (to), u'-we-to°-i°
shto°-gthe shka-xe.
pa-xe i° do.
I registered, u'-we-to°-i"
we released him from prison, thi-
you registered, u'-we-toM" shka-xe shto°-gthe o°-ga-xa i.
i° do.
release (to) let go, bi'-gtho°-tha.
we registered, u-we'-to°-i° o°-ga-xa i.
I released the rabbit, pi-gtho°-tha.
regret (to), pi'-zhi; u-thu-ba.
you released the rabbit, shpi'-gtho"-
I regret, u-thu'-wa-ba.
tha.
you regret, u-thu'-tha-ba.
we released the rabbit, o"-bi'-gtho°-
regret (mental distress), u-thu'-gtha.
tha i.
he regrets not meeting you, u-thu'-
relent (to), tha-k'e'-the.
thi-gtha.
I relented, tha-k'e-a-the.
regulate (to), thi-tho'-to°.
you relented, tha-^'e'-tha-the.
I regulate, bthi-tho'-to".
we relented, tha-l^'e'-o^-tha i.
you regulate, ni-tho'-to°.
religion, wa-lj:o"'-da i-gi no^-zhi"
we regulate, o^-thi'-tho-to" i.
rehabilitate, da'-do° xa-tha gi-k'i. (which see)

the town was rehabilitated, to "-wo" relinquish (to), thi-shto"'.
tho" e-gi-go° ga-xa bi a. I relinquish, bthi'-shto°.
rehearse (to), i'-gi-û-tse. you relinquish, ni'-shto",
I rehearsed, i-tha'-gi-lj:'u-tse. we relinquish, o°-thi'-shto° i.
you rehearsed, i'-tha-gi-k'u-tse. relish (to), o'-nc-bthe gi-gu.

we rehearsed, o°-tho°'-gi-k'u-tsa i. I relish mv food, o'-no°-bthe o^-gu.
relish (to) — continued. remove from office — continued.

you relish your food, o'-no"-bthe you removed your family, ni'-ha-
thi-cu. tsi.
we relish our food, o''-no"-bthe wa- we removed our families, o^-thi-ha-

5U i. tsi i.
remain (to), tha'-zhi. remove (to) entrails, thi-lf'u'.

I remain, l)tha' inu"-zhi. I removed the entrails, bthi'-lf'u.
you remain, sda zhi. you removed the entrails, ni'-lf'u.
we remain, o°-ga'-tha ba-zhi i. we removed the entrails, o"-thi'-lj'u i.
remained, u-shtse'-tse; u-shtse'. rendezvous, u'-wa-thi-gki.

remake (to), shi ga'-xe. renev7, gthi'-tse-ga.
Iremade, shi pa'-xe. I renew it, a-gthi' tse-ga.
you remade, shi-shka'-xe. you renew it, tha-gthi' tse-ga.
we remade, shi c-ga'-xa i. renounced, thu-ga'-zhi.
remedy, we'-stse-the. renovate (to), gthi'-tse-ga.
quinine is a good remedy, a-tsi° I renovated my blanket, mi' tho°
i-ga-ba-xe a-ba we'-stse-the tha- a-gthi-tse-ga ha.
gthi" bi a. you renovated your blanket, mi' tho"
remember (to), gi-î'-the. tha-gthi-tse ga.
Iremember, a-gi'-gi-the. we renovated the blanket, mi' tho"
you remember, tha-gi'-fi-the. o"-gthi-tse-ga i.
remembrance, u'-gi-gi-the. rent (money paid), mc-zho"' u-da

remind (to), gi-gi'-the ga-xe. wa-ga-shi-be.
Ireminded him, gi-?i'-the pa-xe. repair (to), tse'-ga gi-ka-xe; (2) gi-ga'-
you reminded him, gi-gi'-the shka-xe. xe; (3) gi-ka-xe.
we reminded him, gi-î'-the o"-ga- I repaired it, a-gi'-pa-xe.
xa i. you repaired it, tha-gi'-shka-xe.
reminder, u-gi'-gi-the. we repaired it, o°-gi-ga-xa i.
remnant, pa-gi' -he-be u-stse. reparation, wa-ga'-shi-be.

remonstrate (to), wa-v/e'-gi-zhu-shi. repay (to), wa-thu'-ge ga-shi-be.
Iremonstrate, we'-a-gi-zhu-shi. repeat (to try again, to mend),
you remonstrate, we'-tha-gi-zhu-shi. pi'-gi-k'o".
we remonstrate, we-o^'-gi-zhu-slii i. I tried again to mend the clothes,
remorse, u-thu'-ba. {See regret.) pi-a'-gi-k'o°.
tlic man is filled with remorse, ni'-ka- you tried again to repair the tools,
shi-ga u-thu'-ba wa-gthi" bi a, .
pi'-tha-gi-k'o°.
remorseless, u-thu'-gtha thi"-ge. we tried again to mend the tools,
remote, gi'-thi-ho°. pi-o^'-gi-k'o" i.
remount (to), shi a'-gi-gthi". repeat (to), i'-e u-gi-pa no" e-gi tho"
I remounted my horse, shi a'-a-gi- (which see).
gthi°. repeatedly, i-tho"'-tho"; (2) shi'-no°.
you remounted jour horse, shi' a-tha- repel (to), ba-a'-ge.
gi-gthi". I repelled him, pa-a'-ge.
remove (to), wa-hi'-o". you repelled him, shpa-a'-ê.
remove from office, thi-dsi'-ge. we repelled him, o"-ba'-a-ga i.
I removed him from office, bthi'-dsi- repent (to), u-thu'-gtha.
56 ha. I repented, u-thu'-wa-gtha ha.
you removed him from office, ni'- you repented, u-thu'-tha-gtha ha.
dsi-Qe. we repented, o"-tho"-gu-gtha i.
we removed him from office, o"-thi'- repine (to), gi'-ho" a-zhi.

dsi-ja 1. I repine, o"'-ho" mo"-zhi.
to remove one's family, tlii-ha'-tsi. you repine, thi'-ho" a-zhi.
I removed my family, bthi'-ha-tsi. we repine, wa-ho" ba-zhi i.
LI FLBSCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 319
replace (to), u-gi'-no"-zhi" ga-xe. respect u-zhu a'-zhi".

(to),
I replaced it, u-gi'-no°-zhi° pa-xe. I respect,u-zhu a' -a-zhi".
you replaced it, u-gi'-no^-zhi^ shka- you respect, u-zhu a'-tha-zhi°.
xe. respect (to have) for sacred things,
we replaced it, u-gi'-no°-zhi° o°-ga- u'-ko" a-xo-be.
xa i. Ihave respect, u'-ô" a' -a-xo-be.
replete, u-gi'-pi. you have respect, u-ko° a-tha'-xo-be.
reply (to), u-î'-e. we have respect, u-ko° o°-ga-xo-ba i.
I replied, u-wa'-ki-e. respiration, he-he'.
you replied, u-tha'-l.ci-e. respite, gi'-tse-gi-the.
we replied, o°-gu'-ki-a i. rest (to), k'o°'-5e-gi-the.
report, same as rumor, to rest one's self, gi-k'o^-ge-ki-the.
report of a gun, thi-po'-ki. I am resting myself, gi-^'o^'-ge
reprehend, (to), ga-go°'. a-ki-the.
Representative, Ki-gto' u-mo"-thi". You are resting yourself, gi-^'o"'-
reproachful, u'-i-stse. ge tha-ki-the.
reproduce (to), shi'-ba-ha. rested, gi'-o^-ge.
Ireproduced it, shi pa-xe go" pa ha. I am rested, o°-gi-o°-ge.
you reproduced it, shi shka-xe go" you are rested, thi-gi o"-9e.
shpa ha. he has rested, o°-gi-o"-ge.
reptile, we'-ts'a. rest (to) when weary, k'o"'-ge-gi-the.
repudiate (to), o"-tha. I am resting, k'o^'-ge-a-gi-tha ha.
I repudiate, a-o°'-btha. you are resting, lv'o°'-ge-tha-gi-theha.
you rejiudiate, tha-o°'-shta. we are resting, k'o°'-ge-o°-gi-tha i.
we repudiate, o°-o°-tha i. restore (to), gi'-k'i.

repurchase, gthi'-wi°. I restored it, a-gi'-lj;'i.
I repurchased it, a-gthi'-wi°. you restored it, tha-gi'-^'i.

you repurchased it, tha-gthi'-\vi". we restored it, o"-gi'-]j;'i i.
we repurchased it, o°-gthi'-wi° i. resume, as friendly relations, î-
request (to), da. gthi'-wi°-do".
I request, a-da'. retake (to), a-gi'-gtha-she.
you request, tha-da'. retake one's own, a-gthi-ge.
we request, o°-da i. retaliation, e'-go^-gi-l^'o".
rescue (to), gi-gtha-she. retaliation of a tribe, e'-gi-wa-gi-
I rescued him, a-gi'-gtha-she.
you rescued him, tha-gi'-gtha-she. retch (to), gthe'-be.
we rescued him, o°-gi'-gtha-sha i. I retched, a'-gthe-be.
resembling, go°-rie' l>i-go°. you retched, tha'-gthe-be.
resent (to), gi-ho° a-zhi. we retched, o"-gthe-ba i.
I resent, o°-ho° mo°-zhi. reticent, u'-wi a-zhi.

you resent, thi'-ho" zhi. he is very reticent, u'-wi a-zhi wa-
we resent, v/a-ho° ba-zhi i. gthi bi a.
resentment, o'-ba-ljo°. retirement, no"-xtho°'-ha.
reservation, da' -do" gi-gi. retrace (to), u-gi'-pa.
reside (to), tsi'-gthe. I retraced my steps, gi-gthe u-wa-
residue, da'-do"-u-stse-tse. gi-pa.
resolved (to be), u-thu'-do°-be. you retraced your steps, gi-gthe
I am resolved, u-thu'-to°-be bthi u-tha-gi-pa.
shto°. retreat (to), Iji-gthu'-ge; (2) xa-tha
you are resolved, u-thu'-shto°-be ni ta thi-sho" ha-ge.
shto". I retreated, a-lji'-gthu-ge.
we are resolved, c-tho^'-gu-dc-ba you retreated, tha-lj:i'-gthu-ge.

i 0° thi shto". we retreated, o"-lj;i'-gthu-5a i.
320 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. lOU
retrieve (to), vva-gi'-gtha-she. ride (to) horseback, ka'-wa a-gthi°.

retrograde, xa-tha-gthe'. I ride horseback, l>a'-wa a-a-gthi°.
return, a-gi; (2) gi'-c. you ride horseback, ka'-wa a-tha-

he has been after or returned from gthi".
getting something, a-gi'-hi. we ride horseback, Ija'-wa o"-ga-
return to court, xa'-tha gtlie ga-xe. gthi" i.
return in one's own steps, u-gi'-pshe. ride (to) in a boat, u-gthi"'.

returning, a-gthi'. ridge (a), a'-thi°; (2) ba-xu'.
return to one's own seat, a-lci'-gthi". ridgepole, zho'-tsiu-he.
after I return, a-ki-tha'-ha. ridiculed (to be), i-xa'-xa; u-lî-o".
reveal (to), thi-wa'-to-'-i". I do not like to be ridiculed, ni'-lâ-
I revealed it, bthi'-wa-to"-i". shi-ga wa-we'-xa-xa the i-tha'-gi.

you revealed it, ni'-wa-to"-!". ridicule (to), tha'-ho-da.
we revealed it, o^-thi-wa-to^-i" i. I ridicule, wa-btha'-ho-da.
revelry, wa-zha'-wa. I ridiculed you, wi'-btha ho-da.
revenge, e'-gi-wa-gi-lj'o". you are ridiculed, thi'-tha ho-da.
reverie, wa-thi'-gtho". rifle (a), wa-ho'-to°-the a-ba-ha-gi.
reverse (to), thi-go°'-tha. mo"-tho°.
rifle (to),
I reversed it, bthi-yo°'-tha. right hand, side, or arm, i'-sdo-ge.
30U reversed it, shni-go°'-tha. the village on the right, tc-wo"
I reversed mj' blanket, ha-xi" tho" i'-sdo-ge.
a-gthi-fC'-tha ha. rigid, ga'-da.
j'ou reversed your blanket, ha-xi" I am rigid, bthi'-ga-da.
tha-gthi-50°-tlia ha. you are rigid, ni'-ga-da.
revile (to), gtho°; (2) wa-gtho"'. we are rigid, o°-thi'-ga-da.
I reviled him, a-gtho"'. rim, tse'-xe a-thi-be-gi".
you reviled him, tha-gtho"'. ring (to) a bell, thi-ka'-mo".
we reviled him, o"-gtho"' i. I rang the bell, bthi'-ka-mo°.
revile (to, in a bad sense), ga-go"'. you rang the bell, ni'-ka-mo".
revive (to) after fainting, gi-no"'- we rang the bell, o"-thi'-lja-mo'' i.
xe-5ka. ring for finger, no "-be' u-thi-xtha.
I revived the woman, wa-k'o thiMve ringworm, zha'-be wa-tha-k'i-tha.
gi-no^'-xe-gka pa-xe. rinse (to), shi-thi'-zha.
you revived the woman, wa-lj^'o I rinsed the clothes, ha-gka tse
thi^-ke gi-nc'-xe-^ka shka-xe. bthi-zhe he.
we revived the woman, wa-lj:'o riot, da-ge'; (2) u'-tsi-zhe ga-xe; (3)
thi°-ke gi-no^'-xe-gka o^-ga-xa i. wa-lj:'o°'-tha; (4) u'-tsi-zhe.
revolver (a), wa-ho'-to°-the pa zhi^-ga. riotous, u'-tsi-zhe ga-xe shto".
revulsion, a'-gtha-ge. rip (to), thi-gno°'-the.
rheumatism, wa-hi' ni-e. I ripped, bthi'-gno°-tha.
rhubarb, Ijo^-dse u-gtho" i-ga-xe. you ripped, ni-gno°-tha.
ribbon, ha'-bthe-lja. we ripped, o°-thi'-gno°-tha i.
the ribbon is red, white, and blue ripe, dsiu'-dse.

striped, ha'-bthe-lja zhu-dse, gka the plum is ripe, ko»'-dse xo-dse a-ba
tu-hu u-lji-lji-ba he. dsiu-dsa bi o.
ribbons, wa'-ba-tse. rise (to), no^-zhi"; gi-pa'-ho".
ribs, thi'-tsi. I rise, a-gi'-pa-ho".
rice, bo'-gu. you rise, tha-gi'-shpa-ho".
I like rice, bo'-gu o^-tha-gthi" ha. we rise, o"-gi'-pa-ho° i.
you like rice, bo'-gu thi-tha-gthi° ha. rise (to), as does bread, da-ho".
rich, da'-do°-to°. risk, i-lj'u-tse.
I am rich, da' -do" a-to°. I risk, i-tha'-k'u-tse.
you are rich, da' -do" tha-to°. you risk, i'-tha-k'u-tse.
we are rich, da'-do° o°-to'' i. we risk, o''-tho°-l^'u-tsa i.
.
rite, u'-k'o°. rocks or pebbles, i'° zhi°-ga.

rivalry, a'-^-tha. rode (past of ride), a'-gthi°.
river, ni. you rode the horse till it was gentle,
rivulet, same as river, shpi' -wa-shta-ge
rivet (a), mo°'-ge u-ga-tsa-ge; mo^'-ge roily water, ni'-o-sho-dse.
a-ga-tsa-ge. roll (to), as a heavy object, u-ba'-to°-
give me
a large rivet, mo°'-5e u-ga- tha.
tsa-ge to°-ga ge-wi" o°-i o(!) I rolled (a heavy object), u-pa'-
roached hair cut, ba-xa'-dse. to°-tha.
I had a roached hair cut, ba-xa'-dse you rolled (a heavy object), u-shpa'-
pa-xe. to°-tha.
you had a roached hair cut, ba-xa'- roll over and over, u-ki'-pa-to°-tha.
dse shka-xe. roll food in the mouth, i-u-tha'-
we had a roached hair cut, ba-xa'- mo°-ge.
dse o°-ga-xa i. roll (to), thi-to°'-tha.
road, a dirt road, u-zho^'-ge. I roll, bthi'-to°-tha.
roam (to), u-ba'-wi°-xe. you roll, ni'-to°-tha.
I roam about, u-pa-wi°-xe. we roll, o°-thi'-to°-tha i.
you roam about, u-shpa'-wi^-xe. roll, as an animal when killed, bi-

we roam about, o°-gu'-ba-wi°-xa i. shu'-ka.
roan (a color), as a horse, ka'-wa rolling, to"-tha.
xo-dse. I shot it and sent it rolling, bu-a'-
roar (to), u-tsi'-zhe. to°-tha.
roar (to), as the wind, xo-e'. rolling-pin, we'-bi-tc-tha.
roast (to) on a spit, wa-ba'-gno°. I have no rolling pin, I can not make
I roast (meat) on a spit, wa-pa'-gno°. biscuits, we'-bi-to°-tha o°-thi°-ge
you roast (meat) on a spit, wa-shpa'- go° wa-bu-gka da-pa pa-xe bthi-
5no°. tsa gi he.
we roast (meat) on a spit, o°-wo°'- roof of the mouth, ô°-btha'-dse.
ba-gno" i. rooster, giu'-ka-do-ga.
roast meat on a sharpened stick, roots, ko°.
ba-gno"'. roots of a tree, zho°-ko°.
I roast (meat) on a sharpened stick, rope, we'-thi°.
pa'-gno". rose (a), xtha-gka' (which see).
you roast (meat) on a sharpened the rose is perennial, xtha-gka' a-ba
stick, shpa'-gno". i-gi-ha u-i shna bi a.
we (meat) on a sharpened
roast rosy, xtha-gka e-go" (which see).
stick, o°-ba'-5no° i. rotten, tsi'-^:'a; (2) do-zha'-the; (3)
robbery, da'-do° wa-no°-she. xthi-ba-tha.
robe (a), as a blanket, mi°. the apple is rotten, she' a-ka xthi-
buffalo robe, mi°'-to°-a. ba-tha bi a.
I have a large buffalo robe, mi"'- rotund, da'-pa.

to°-a gtho"-the wi° a-bthi". round, btho'-ga; (2) da'-pa.
robin redbreast, shi"'-ku-ku-ge. Round Stone Ford, Okla., 1'°' Da-pa
robust, a-gtha'-gthe thi°-ge. u-pshe.
I am robust, a'-a-gtha-gthe thi°-ge. rouge, wa-ge zhu-dse.
you are robust, a-tha-gtha-gthe thi°- rough, xa'-xa-ga.
ge. my hands are rough, no "-be tse o°-
we are robust, o°-ga'-gtha-gthe thi°- xa-xa-ga ha.
gai. rove (to), u-ba'-wi°-xe.
rock (big), i'° to^-ga; i'°-gtho°-the. I rove, u-pa'-wi°-xe.
I sat on a big rock, i'" to°-ga wi° a-a- you rove, u-shpa'-wi°-xe.
gthi° mi°-kshe. we rove, o°-gu'-ba-wi°-xa i.
rocking-chair, a'-gthi° 5o°-go°-tha. row (a fight), u'-tsi-zhe.

rubber, wa-(î'-Qi-e. rumple (to) — continued.
a rubber ball, wa-î'-gi-e ta-be. we rumpled it, o"-thi-xtho"-xtho" i.
rubber boots, wa-ci'-î-e ho"-be stc- rumpus, u'-tsi-zhe.

tse. he made quite a rumpus, u-tsi-zhe
rubber shoe, wa-fi'-î-e ho"-hc. ga-xa bi a.
rubber tree, wa-î'-î-c hi. runlet, ga'-xa zhi"-ga.
rubbish, u-thi'-hu-dse; (2) da' -do" run (to), to"'-thi°.
pi-zhi. I run, a'-to''-bthi°.
ruddy complexion, i"-d.se' zhu-dse. you run, tha'-to''-ni.
rude, wa-ga'-ts'a e-zhi. we run, o^-to^-thi" i.
ruffian, ni'-lja-shi-ga pe-zhi. run (to) a race, l>i'-ba-no".

ruin (to) by cutting, thi-pi'-zhi. I ran a race, a-ki'-ba-no".
I ruined it by cutting, bthi'-pi-zhi. you ran a race, tha-ki'-ba-no°.
you ruined it by cutting, ni'-pi-zhi. we ran a race, o^-lji'-ba-no" i.
we ruined it by cutting, c-thi'-pi- run (to) as one goes, he'-non-no^-ge.

zhi i. run (to) over a person, a'-no°-ge.
ruins, ta-tha'. I ran over him, a'-a-no"-ge.
the ruins of the town, to°-wo" tho°- you ran over him, a'-tha-no°-ge.
di ti ta-tha u-tsi. we ran over him, o^-ga'-no^-ga i.
rummage, wa-we'-thu-c. runaround (on the finger), sha'-ge

rumble (to), as thunder, xo-e'. ni-c.
rumble of feet, mo"-no°'-ti-de. running at full speed (as a horse),
I heard the rumble of feet, mo"-no°'- ga-btha'-btha-zhe.
ti-de a-wa-no"-o° ha. rupture, tse'-ê btha-^ê.
rumor, u-no°'-ly'o°. rupture (a), shi'-be u-ba-stsu-e.
I heard a rumor, u-tha-ge wi° a-no"- rush (a weed), mi'-he-ga.
rush (a plant), ga'-u-dse-to-'-ga; (2)
you heard a rumor, u-tha-ge wi" tha-
no^-l^'o". rust, u-fi'-hi.
we heard a rumor, u-tha-ge wi" o°- rustling, no"-chi'-9e.
no"-k'o" i. rustling of grass or leaves, no"-5a'-
rumple (to), thi-xtho^'-xtho". thu.
Irumpled it, bthi'-xtho°-xtho''. rut, u-thi'-xthu-xtha.
you rumpled it, ni'-xtho"-xtho". rye, wa-bo'-^ke hi° stse-e.
S
Sabbath, 0"'-ba wa-ko''-da-gi. sagaciotis, da'-i-ba-ho°.
saber, mo^'-hi" to°-ga. sail (a), u-ga'-bi-xo".
sack (jacket), u'-zhu-ha. the boat has three sails, ba-dse a-ba
I have a warm sack, u'-zhu-ha stsu- u-ga-bi-xo" tha-bthi" wa-to° bi a.
dse xtsi wi" a-hthi". St. Louis, Mo., Sho-do' to"-v.o"
sack for carrying wool after shear- (which .see).
ing, ta-gka hi" u-zhi. salary, u'-wa-ga-shi-be.

Sac Indians, â-ge'-wa. sale (a) da' -do" we-thi-wi°.
sacred, la'-ljo; (2) wa-ko^'-da-gi. salesman, da'-shki we-thi-wi".
sacrum, ta-lji"'-de. saliva, ta-to'-xa; (2) i'-xthi.
saddle, no"'-ka-gthe (which see). sallow, u-ga'-5i-5i-hi; (2) zhu'-i-ga
saddler, nc'-ka-gthe ga-xe. î-hi.
safe (beyond fear), ha-ts'e' thi°-ge. his face is sallow, I"-dse tho" u-ga'-
I am safe at home, tsi wi-ta tse-dsi a ni'-lja-shi-ga a-ka.
gi-î-hi bi
ha-ts'e-o" thi°-ge. saloon, pe'-dse ni-tsi.
salt, ni-gki'-the. —
save (to) continued.
salt, rock, ni-gki'-the ya-gi. you saved, u'-na--shte.
the cattle like rock salt, tse-gka a-ba we saved, o"-gu'-tha-shta i.
gi-gu bi a ni-gki-the ?a-gi. save (to) a life, ni'-ga-xe.

salve, iiia'-nia i-gda-the. savory smell (from cooking), wa-da'-
sample (as taste), i-k'u-tse. btho'» tha-gthi°.
sand, pi-ga'. saw (for wood), zho° i'-ba-tsiu.
sand (white), pi-ga'-gka. saw (to), u-ba-stse-ge.
sand bur, tse'-wa-xa-ga zhi°-ga. I saw wood, zho" u-pa-stse-ge.
sand martin, ni-shku'-shku. you saw wood, zho° u-shpa-stse-ge.
sandpaper, ta-nc-k'a we-bi-shda-ha; we saw wood, zho° o°-gu-ba-stse-ga i.
(2) we'-bi-shda-ha. sawmill, zho^'-u-thi-stse-ge.
sandpiper, to°-i''' (which see). say, e.
sandstone, i'n-shto"-ga. I say, e-pshe or e'-gi-pshe.
Sand Creek, Okla., Pi-ga' u-gthe ga- you say, e-she.
xa. we said, e-o^-gi-tho" i.
sandwich, ta'-u-kia-ho" u-gtho". they said, a'-bo-u.

sane, no°'-xe-gka. scabbard, mo'^'-hi^-u-he.
sap, ni a-xthu-e. scald (to), da'-xthi°.
sapling, ga-he'-xpa. I scald, ni-da-ka-dse o°-tho°-da-
sapsucker, to'-gka; (2) tu'-gka; (3) xthi°.
pa'-bo-gthi-ha-ha. (Belongs to the you scald, ni-da-ka-dse i-thi-da-
woodpecker family.) xthi".
sash (worn as a girdle), i'-pi-tha. scald (a), ni'-da-ka-dse i-da-xthi".
Satan, Ts'a' to°-ga (which see). scales for weighing, we'-the-gpo"; (2)
satchel, wa'-ga-a-gka.
i'-thi-gpo°.
I have a new satchel, wa'-ga-a-gka
scalp, we'-thi-xthi xi°-ha.
tse-ga wi° a-bthi°.
scalp lock, he-ga'-xa.
satiate, we'-no'^-de.
scaly head, we'-thi-xthi k'i-tha.
satisfaction, gi'-do°-he.
he has a scaly head, we'-thi-xthi
satisfied, sho° i da.
k'i-tha bi a-tha.
Iam satisfied (w. sp.), she'-sho° e-the.
scant, dsu'-ba.
I am satisfied (m. sp.), she'-sho°
I have a scant supply of food,
e-tho.
wa-no°-bthe dsu-ba a-bthi mi°-
satisfied v/ith food, i'-no°-dse.
kshe o.
saturate (to), ga-da'-xe.
scar, ga-mo°. (See nio°'-tha-gta.)
I saturated it, o°-a'-da-xe.
you saturated it, thi-a'-da-xe. I have a scar on my face, i"-dse'
mo^-tha-gta o°-gtho° ha.
Saturday, Ho°'-ba u-ga-xe-thi"-ge
(which see).
you have a scar on your hand, no^-be
te mo°-tha-gta a-thi-gtho" ha.
sauce, wa-gki'-the.
scarce, u'-sha-zhi.
sauce, apple, she wa-g!:i'-the.
saunter (to), wa-stse'-ho".
buffalo are verj' scarce, tse a-ba
sauntered, wa-stse'-ho" xtsi mo"- u-sha-zhi bi o.
I
bthi''. scare (to), wa-no"'-pe ga-xe.
you sauntered, wa-stse'-ho° xtsi he scared me, wa-no°'-pe o°-ga-xa
mo°-ni. bi o.
sausage, to°'-pshe. I scared him, wa-no°'-pe pa-xe.

sausage, smoked, to"'-pshe sho-de you scared him, wa-no°'-pe shka-xe.
btho''. we scared him, v\'a-uo°'-pe o"-ga-xa i.
Savannah sparrow, te'-i" shta-tha- scarlatina, da'-ka-dse i-tho°-be.
xu-be. scarlet, zhu'dse.
save (to), u-tha'-shte. a scarlet blanket, ha-xi"^ zhu-dse.
I saved, u'-btha-shte. scarlet tanager, wa-zhi"' zhu-e.
scent, btho". scorch — continued.
I like the scent of the flowers, xtha- we caused it to be scorched, da'-gi-ge
?ka u-thi-btho" o°-tha-gi-the. o"-tha i.
sciatica, î°-dse'hi iii e (which sec). scorpion, gio'-dse xa-tha.

scatter (to), thi-u'-ga-c-btlui; (2) u- scour (to), thi-gi'-hi.
thi'-l)U-(lsC. I scoured, bthi'-gi-hi.
scatter here and there, ge'-no". you scour, ni'-gi-hi.
scatter (to) in every direction, we scour, o°-thi'-gi-hi i.
u-ga'-e-btha. scrape (to), ga-dsi'-ge; thi-gke-be.

I scattered in every direction, u-ga-e- I scrape, a'-dsi-ge.
btha pa-xe. you scrape, tha'-dsi-ge.
you scattered in every direction, we scrape, o^-ga'-dsi-ga i.
u-ga-e-btha shka-xe. scrape for tanning, ba-gke'-be.

(to)
we scattered in every direction, I scraped it for tanning, pa-gke'-be.
u-ga-e-btha o"-ga-xa i. you scraped it for tanning, shpa'-gke-

scatter (as falling leaves), zho" be.
a-be u-xpa-xpa e-go". we scraped it for tanning, o^-ba'-gke-
school, wa-gthe'-ge tsi. bai.
I estabhshed a school, wa-gthe'-ê
scrape (to) with an ax, ga-gke'-be.
wi° bthi"-nio°-gthe a-tha.
tsi
scrape (to) with the feet, no"-gi'-hi.
you established a school, wa-gthe'-(;e I scrape with my feet, a-no"-gi-hi.
tsi wi° stse-mo"-gthe a-tha.
you scrape with your feet, tha-no"-
school-teacher, ta'-pu-?ka.
gi-hi.
I like my school-teacher, ta'-pu-gka
we scrape with our feet, o''-no'''-gi-
wi-ta u-xta a-gi-the.
hii.
scissors, pa-hiu'-thi-ge.
scraper, we'-to"-the i-ba.
scissors (large), pa-hiu'-thi-ge to°-ga.
scraping sound, k'a-xe.
scissors (small), pa-hiu'-thi-ge zhi°-ga.
scratch (to) a mark on rocks, thi'-xu.
scoS (to), wa-tha'-ho-da.
I scratched a mark on the rocks,
I scoffed, wa-btha'-ho-da.
bthi'-xu.
you scoffed, wa-shda'-ho-da.
we scoffed, o"'-wo"'-tha-ho-da i.
you scratched a mark on the rocks,
scoffer (a), wa-tha' ho-da-shto". ni'-xu.
scold (a), wa-ga'-gc'-shto". we scratched a mark on the rocks,

scold (a), quarrelsoine woman, wa- o^-thi'-xu i.
k'o' da-ge shto". screech owl, hi-tha'-da-da-xe.

scold (to), ga'-go". screen, we'-ga-zhi°.
I scold, a' -go" ha. screws, we'-u-thi-mo"; (2) wi-u'-thi-
you scold, tha'-go" ha. mo".
we scold, o"-ga'-go" i. scrip, wa-gthe'-ge.
scoop (to), thi'-dse. scrotum, sho"-dse'.
Iscoop from a hollow place, bthi'-dse. scrub (to), wa-thu'-zha.
you scoop from a hollow place, scrub (to) a house, ti-thu'-zha.
ni'-dse. you must scrub the house clean,
we scoop from a hollow place, o"-thi'- ti-thu'-zha tse wa-ge-hi ga-xa o(!)
dsa i. scrutinize, do^-be; u-ga-gi.
scoop shovel, no°-xtlu'' i-thi-ge to"-ga scum (on stagnant water), da-a-ga-
(which see). ha.
scorch, da'-gi-ge; da'-shta. scurrilous, wa-tha'-zhu a-zhi.
I caused it to be scorched, fla'-gi-ge scythe handle, mo"-hi"'-ga-ge i-ba.
a-the. seamstress, wa-ha'-tse wa-fo.
you caused it to be scorched, da'-gi-ge I want to find a seamstress, wa-ba'-
tha-the. tse wa-lf'o wi° i-tha-the lf;o°-btha.
flesche] OSAGE DICTIONAKY 325
search (to), ho'-to°-be. seek (to), u-dse'

I searched the woods for a rabbit, I seek, u-wa'-dse ha.
hu-xtha-be ke ho'-to°-ae pa-xe you seek, ub-th'-dse ha
mc-shti^-ge wi° i-tha-the ko°- we seek, o"-gu'-dsa i
btha. seething of food, u'-ho" a-bi-xe.

second (to), as a motion, u-thu-a'- segregate (to), l>;i'-tha-ha ga-xe; u-ko°'-
to" a-tha-dse. dsi ga-xe.
I second the motion, u-thu-a'-to° Isegregated them, Iji'-tha-ha pa-xe.
a-btha-dse. you segregated them, ki'-tha-ha
you second the motion, u-thu-a'-to° shka-xe.
a-shta-dse. we segregated them, Iji'-tha-ha o°-
secondhand goods, wa-thi'-xthi-ge. ga-xa i.
secrecy, no°-xtho'>'-ha. seine (fish net), hu'-u-thu-thi°-ge.
secrete (to), a'-no"-xthe. seize (to), wa-thu'-ge; u-tho°; u-thi°'-
I secrete, a'-a-no^-xthe. ge.
you secrete, a'-tha-no°-xthe. I seized it, u-bthi°'-ge.
we secrete, o"-ga-no°-xtha i. you seized it, u-stsi°'-ge.
secrete (to), hide something, no"- we seized it, o°-gu'-thi"-ga i.
xtho"' i-no-'-the. seldom, wo"'-da.

I secreted it, no°-xtho°' i-no°-a-the. select (to), a'-ba-gu. (See a'-tha-dse.)
you secreted it,no°-xtho°' i-no"-tha- I selected, a-pa-gu.
the. you selected, a'-shpa-gu.

we secreted it, no"-xtho'>' i-no°-o°- we selected, o°'-ga-ba-gu i.
tha i. select (to) from many, ba-hi'.

secretive (to be), no°-xtho°'-ha. select (to) the good, tha-gthi°-ge no°
he is secretive, da-do ° a'-no°-xthe ba-hi.
shto^bi a. I selected the good, tha-gthi°-ge
secretary, ki-gtu' wa-gthe-ge ga-xe. no° pa-hi.
Secretary of the Interior, Wa-gthe'- you selected the good, tha-gthi°-ge
qe ga-xa gi-wa-to°-ga. no° shpa-hi.
section of land, mo"-zho"' u-shpe. we selected the good, tha-gthi°-ge
I sold a section of land, mo°-zho°' no° o°-ba-hi i.
u-shpe he-be we-bthi wi° ha. self, u-zhu' a-ka.

secure, i'-ku-i-pshe thi'^-ge. self-esteem, a'-î-zhi°.
sedge (grass), mo°-hi"' ts'a-zhi (which self-interest, u-zhu' a-ka i-ta bi ge.
see). self-pity, tha-k'e'-ki-the.

sediment, the'-dse-wa-gpe. selfish, wa-xthi'.
there sediment in the coffee,
is he is very selfish, wa-xthi' wa-gthi"
mo°-ko°' ga-be the'-dse-wa-gpe u- bi a.
tsi a-tho. sell (to), wa-thi'-wi".
sedition, u-ki'-gthi-stse-ge ki-]ji-zhi°. I sell, we'-bthi-wi".
see (to), we' -the; (2) do°'-be. you sell, we'-stsi-wi°.

I see, to "'-be. we sell, o°-wo"-thi-wi° i.
you see, shto°'-be. selvage, ]j;o°'-ha; (2) wa-to' ko^-ha
you saw them, wa-shto°'-be. kshe.
seed of squash, wa-to°'-gu. semimonthly, mi'-o°-ba u-ki-gte hi e
seed of pumpkin, wa-to^'-u-gi. no°.
seedling, u-gi' u-zhi. Senate, Ki-gto'.
seeds, gi-a'-zhi; (2) wa-mo°'-dse. Senator, Ki-gto' u-mo°-thi°.
seedsman, wa-mo'^'-dse we-thi-wi". send (to), the'-ga-xe.
seedy, u-gi u-tsi'. Isent it, the'-pa-xe.

the watermelon has many seeds, you sent it, the' -shka-xe.
ga-gkiu a-ka u-gi' u-tsi bi a. we sent it, the'-o°-ga-xa i.
326 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (bull. :oo
send (to), thc'-the. serve (to) a sick person continued. —

lot US send him, the'-o°-thc. we served a sick person, o°-gu'-wi-ga-
senility, no "-hi', sho" i.
senior, wa-no"'. serviceable, we'-lj:i-l>:'o" tha-gthi"; (2)
he is my senior, e-no" i ha, wi we'-thi-to" tha-gthi".
()"-\vo'' u-lj'a. I have a serviceable coat, a-ga-ha-mi
sense, wa-thi'-gtho". tha-gthi" xtsi wi" a-bthi" mi"-
senseless, wa-thi'-gtho" thio-ge. kshe.
sensible, wa-thi'-gtho" to", session, Iji-^to'.
sensitive, wa-zhi"' a-shka. set fire to, u-ga'-bi o.

sentence (a court), ho"'-ba gi-tha-de. he set fire to a hou.se, tsi u-â'-bi o.
sentence (jail), ho"'-no"-pa-?e u-gthi°. settee, a-gthi"' stse-dse.

separate (distant), we-hi-dse. setting of the sun, hi'-e-ge.
separate (to), e-zhi o"-l5:o"'-dsi; u-ko"' settle (to), as a debt, wa-ga'-shi-be
-d.si; Iji-tha-ha. thi-tho-to".
separate by force, ga-ki'-tha-ha.
(to) I settled a debt, wa-ga'-shi-be bthi-
I separated them by force, a'-lji- tho-to" pi.
tha-ha. you settled a debt, wa-ga'-shi-be

you separated them by force, tha'- shni-tho-to" shi.
Ifi-tha-ha. we settled a debt, wa-ga'-shi-be

we separated them by force, o"-ga'- o"-thi-tlio-to", o"-ga-hi i.
Vi-tha-ha i. seven, pe'-tho"-ba.

separate (to) by withdrawal, ki-Qo" I have seven horses, ka'-wa pe-tho"-
ki-gthu-dsi-5e. ba wa-bthi" ha.

separate (to), pull apart, thi'-ki-tha- seven spot (in deck of cards), i-ta'-xe
ha. thi"-ge.
I separated them, bthi'-lji-tha-ha. seventeen, a-gthi"' pe-tho"-ba.
you separated them, ni'-ki-tha-ha. seventieth, we-gthe-btho" pe-tho°-ba
we separated them, o"-thi'-ki-tha-ha. (which see).
separate (to) two objects by prying, seventh, we'-pe-tho"-ba.
ba-lji' -tha-ha. seventy, gthe'-btho" pe-tho°-ba.
I separated them with a stick, seventy- jfive cents, ga-shpe' sha-pe.
pa-ki-tha-ha. sever (to), thi-ki' -tha-ha.
you separated them with a stick, I sever, bthi-ki' -tha-ha.
shpa'-ki-tha-ha. you sever, stsi-ki'-tha-ha.
we separated them with a stick, we sever, o"-thi'-lj;i-tha-ha i.
o"-ba'-ki-tha-ha i. several, hiu.

separator (a), wa-bo'-gke i-tsi°. there are several trees on my land,
September, 'ro"-mi' pa-ho°-gthe kshe mo"'-zho" wi-ta tho" xtha-be ko
(which see); (2) Xtha-gi' btho hiu.
ga-Qi (which see) ; (3) Ta-bi-gpa bi severally, u-l<:o"'-dsi-tho°-tho".
(which see). severe, wa-gthi".
septuagenarian, u-mo"'-i°-ka gthe- severe pain, wa-ni'-e wa-gthi"
btho" pe-tho"-ba hi. sew with a needle, ba-tse.
sequence, u-thu-a'-to°. I sew (with a needle) pa-tse. ,
series (a), u-l<;i-a'-'to"-to°. you sew (with a needle), shpa-tse.

serrate, ly'a-lj'a-be. we sew (with a needle), o"-ba'-tsa i.
serrations, ga-tse'. sew (to), wa-ba'-tse.

serrature, k'a'-be. sewing machine, mo"'-ce we-ba-tse.
serve (to) a sick person, u-wi'-ga- sexagenarian, u-mo°'-i"-ka gthe-btho"
sho". sha-pe hi.
Iserved a sick person, u-we'-ga-sho". shabby, btha-btha'-?e.

you served a sick person, u-thi'- he looks shabby, btha-btha'-je ha,
ga-sho". u-do"-be tse.
shackle, ba-xtse'. shave (to) to a certain size, ba'-gke-be.
shadow, Ije'-da-xe. I shaved it to a certain size, ba'-a-
I cast a shadow, Ife'-da-xe wi° pa-xe. gke-be.
you cast a shadow, ê'-da-xe wi° you shaved it to a certain size,
shka-xe. ba'-tha-gke-be.
we cast shadows, Ije'-da-xe o°-ga-xa i. we shaved it to a certain size,
the boy was afraid of a shadow, o^-ba'-gke-ba i.
ke'-da-xe wi° no°-pa bi a, shi^-to shawl, ha-gka'-mi.

zhi^-ga a-ka. I have a gray shawl, ha-gka'-mi
shade, u-hni'. xo-dse wi° a-bthi° he.
the trees give shade, zho°' a-ba u-hni Shawnee Tribe, Zho°-ni'.
no° i ha. sheaf of wheat, wa-bo'-gke ba-xtse.
shaggy, long haired, hi°'-stse-dse. sheath, u-k'o°'-he.
the dog is shaggy, sho^'-ge a-ka shed (to), as a horse sheds its hair,
hi°'-stse-dsa bi a. hi°'-ba-go-dsc.
shake (to), as when cold, ba-ni'-ta. shedding of skin (as after fever),
I shake (with cold), pa'-ni-ta. ki-pa'-xtho°-dse.
you shake (with cold), shka'-ni-ta. sheen, thi-gthi'-gthi-e.
we shake (with cold), o°-ba-ni-ta. sheep, ta-gka'.
shake (to), as to arouse one from sheep cote, ta-gka' tsi.
sleep, thi-shko°. sheet for a bed, ha-gka' u-mi-zhe.
shake (to), as a rug or blanket, shelf, hi"'-dse a-zhi.
ga-ko°'. shell (to), ba-gno°'-tha.
I shake my blanket, ha-xi" a-gi- shell with a sharp instrument,
gtha-lj:o". ba-shpi.
you shake your blanket, ha-xi" I shell, pa'-shpi.
tha-gi'-gtha-ko". you shell, shpa'-shpi.
shall, ta. we shell, o°-ba'-shpi i.
I shall, ta mi°-kshe. shell corn, ha'-ba thi-shpi.

they shall, ta a-ba. I am shelling corn, ha'-ba bthi-shpi.
shallow, xe'-be. you are shelling corn, ha'-ba ni-shpi.
shallow water, ni' xe-be. shell corn by hand, gthi'-shpi.
shame, wa-we'-shtse. I shellby hand, a'-gthi-shpi.
shamefaced, wa'-ba-gtha. you shell by hand, tha'-gthi-shpi.
shameful, i-shtse wa-the; (2) u'-i-stse; we shell by hand, o"-gthi'-shpi i.
(3) u'-wa-we-stse. shell (of nuts), ha.
shanty, tsi zhi"-ga. shelter (a), u-i'-ni-tha.
he lives in a shanty, tsi zhi^-ga wi° shelter (to take shelter), i'-no°-go°-
u-gthi° a-ka ha. dse.
sharp, pa-hi'. I took shelter behind a tree, i-tha'-
the knife is sharp, mo°-hi°' ke pa-hi. no°-go°-dse.
sharpen (to), thi-mo°'. you took shelter behind a tree,
he is sharpening, thi-mo°' i-ha. i'-tha-no°-go°-dse.
I sharpened, bthi'-mo°. we took shelter behind a tree,
you sharpened, ni'-mo°. o°-tho"'-no°-go°-dsa i.
we sharpened, o°-thi'-mo° i. shepherd, ta-gka' a-do°-be.
shatter (to), ga-to-be. the shepherd has a dog, ta-gka
I shattered it, a-to'-be. a-do°-be a-ka sho"-ge wi° a-thi°
you shattered it, tha'-to-be. a-ka.
shatter anything brittle (as glass), sheriff, u'-thi"-ge.
thi-xthe'-xthe-ge. shift (to), thi-ho°'-gi-the.
shave (to), ga-ts'u. I shift, bthi'-ho°-gi-the.
shave (to) the beard, i'-hi° ga-ts'u. you shift, ni'-ho°-gi-the.
shave (to) a man's head, gi-ts'u. we shift, o°-thi'-ho°-gi-tha i.

.
shiftless, u'-thu-ts'a-ge i-wa-xpa-thi" shoot (to) and send rolling, bu-to"'-

(which pee). tha.
shin, no"'-xpe-hi. I sent it rolling by shooting, bu-a-to"
I hurt my shin, no"'-xpe-hi ke ni-e tha.
a-ti-jia-xe ha. you sent it rolling by shooting, bu-
shinples for roofs, no "'-ha btha-^ka tha'-to"-tha.
zhi"-ga. (See a'-ga-?o°-dse.) Shooting Springs, Okla., Ni-hni'-bo-
shingle (to), a'-ga-90"-dse. shta (which see)
I shingled the roof, a'-a-ga-?o°-dse. short, dsa'-pa.
yovi shingled the roof, a'-tha-ga-(;:o"- he is short, ni'-lja-shi-ga a-ka dsa-pa
dse. bi a.
we shingled the roof, o^'-ga-ga-cô"- shore, dse'-do° Ij^'c-ha kshe.
dsa i ha. I walked on the shore, dse'-do"
shinny, ga-^-i. k'o^-ha kshe a-a-mo°-bthi°.
he played a good game of shinny, you walked on the shore, dse'-do°
ga-?i pi-o° bi a, shi°-tu zhi"-ga a-ka. k'o^-ha kshe a'-tha-mo°-ni.
shiny, thi-gthi'-gthi-e. we walked on the .shore, dse'-do"
shirker, u'-thu-ts'a-ge. lj:'o"-ha kshe o°-ga-mo"-thi° i.
he was a shirker, u'-thu-ts'a-ga i ha. shorten (to), as a dress or sleeves,

shiver (to), ba-ni'-ta. thi-dsa'-pa.
I shiver, pa'-ni-ta. Ishortened it, bthi-dsa-pa.

you shiver, shpa'-ni-ta. you shortened it, ni'-dsa-pa.
we shiver, o°-ba'-ni-ta i.
we shortened it, o"-thi'-dsa-pa i.
shoat (a), Ijo-ko'-^-i zbi"-ga. shotgun (single barrel), mo"'-zhi°-ga
u-zhi.
shock, gi'-pi-zhi.
shoulder, i"-kshe'-de; i"-ke'-dse; a'-
shoes, a'-no"-t:i-xi.
btho.
my shoes are black, a-no°-ta-xi vvi-ta
I broke my shoulder, i°-kshe'-de
a-ka ga-ba bi a.
wa-hi pi-xo°ha.
shoe string, ho"-be'-lj:o°.
you broke your shoulder, i"-kshe'-de
I broke my shoe string, ho°-be'-ko"
wa-hi shpi-xo°.
a-gi-no° ba-xe.
shoulder (bent or stooped), a'-ba-
shoot of a plant, u-i'. t'-o-xa.
shoot (to), ku'-dse. shoulder straps, i"-ke-de i-l<o°-the.
I shoot, a-lj:u'-dse. shout, bo"; no"-hu'-ga-gi.
you shoot, tha-lju'-dse. I shout) a-po".
we shoot, o°-ls:u'-dsa i. you shout, tha-shpo".
shoot (to) with a gun, i'-û-dse. we shout, o°-bo°' i.
I have shot with a gun, a-lj:u'-dse Ishouted, a-hu'-ga-gi.
bthi-shto°. you shouted, tha-hu'-ga-gi.
you have shot with a gun, tha-tu'-dse we shouted, o°-hu-ga-gi i.
ni-shto". show (to), ba-ha'.
we have shot with a gun, o"-l{:u'-dsa show, pa-ha'.
I
C-thi shto" i. }ou show, shpa-ha.
shoot (to) repeatedly, ku-lj:u'-dse. we show, o "-ba-ha i.
they have stopped shooting, Iju-lju'- show (to), gi-ba-ha.
dsa thi-shto" ha. i he showed it to me, o"' -ba-ha.
shoot (to) a piece out of anything, 1 showed my
horse to him, ka-wa
bu-shpe. wi-ta e-pa-ha do "-be a-ki-the ha.
I shot a piece out, bu-a'-shpe. you showed him your land, mo"-;<ho"'
you shot a piece out, bu-tha'-shpe. thi-ta tho" the-shpa-ha.
we shot a piece out, bu-o°'-shpa i. shower (a), ni-zhiu' zhi"-ga.
lA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 329
showy, u-ta'-ga. sigh (to), as the wind, xo'-e.
he has a showy blanket, ha-xi" wi° sight on a gun, we'-do°-be.
a-thi° a-ka ha u-ta-ga xtsi. sign (a), u'-we-to°-i".
shrew (mouselike), u'-ha gka-zhi. sign (to) a name, a'-lj:'o°-he.
shrivel from heat, da'-ts'i°-tha. I signed my name, wa-gthe-ge i-zha-
shudder, thi-bthu'-bthu-xe. zhe a'-a-gi-l>;'o°-he.
shuffle (to)when walking, to'-tc'- you signed your name, wa-gthe-ge
tha. i-zha-zhe a-tha-gi-k'o°-he.
I shuffle when walking, to°-to°'-tha we signed our names, wa-gthe-ge i-
bthe. zha-zhe o°-ga-gi-k'o" ha i.

you shuffle when walking, to°-to°'- signal (to make a), wa-ba'-ha.
tha stse. I signaled, wa-pa'-ha.
we shuffle when walking, to°-to'''-tha you signaled, wa-shka'-ha.
o°-ga-tha i. we signaled, o°-wo°-ba'-ho" i.
shuffle (to) cards, wa-thi'-ba-ha. signature, zha'-zhe a-k'o°-he (which
1 shuffle cards, wa-bthi-ba-ha. see).
you shuffle cards, wa-ni-ba-ha. silent, xthi-u'-zhi.
we shuffle cards, o°-wo° thi-ba-ha i. he is silent, xthi-u-zhu i ha.
shun, gi'-ha-ge. silly, same as dunce,
shut (to), as a door, a'-thi-do°. similar, go°-ge'-go°.
I shut (the door), a'-bthi-do°. simpleton, ui'-ka ts'e-ga.
you shut (the door), a'-shni-do°. simultaneous, ko^-ga' shko".
we shut (the door), o°-ga'-thi-do° i. sincere, wi°'-ke.
shy, same as bashful, he is sincere, wi°'-ka i ha.
shy (to be), mo^'-xi-ga; (2) wa'-ba- sincerity, same as sincere.
gtha. sinew, ta-ko°'.
I am shy, a'-pa-gtha. sing (to), wa-tho°'.
you are shy, a'-shpa-gtha. I sing, wa-btho°'.
we are shy, o"'-ga-ba-gtha. you sing, wa-shto"'.
sick (to be), hiu'-he-ga. singe, da'-shta.
I am sick, o°-hiu'-he-ga. you singed the chicken, giu'-ljâ zhi"-
you are sick, tha-hiu'-he-ga, ga da-shta tha-the ha.
we are sick, wa-hiu'-ge-ga i. single, wi°-xtsi.
sicken (to), hiu'-he ga-xe. singular, e'-zhi-xtsi.
sickly, o'-ka-wa-the; (2) u'-ka-wa-the. sink (to) a boat, ba-dse ni pa-ha i-the.
he is very sickly, wa-gthi° u-ka-wa- I sink the boat, ba-dse' ni pa-ha
tha bi a. i-the a-the.
you are sickly, u-thi'-lja-wa-the. you sank the boat, ba-dse' ni pa-ha
sickly color, u-ga'-?i-5i-hi. i-the tha-the.
sick stomach, tho°'-dse ba-shto°-ga. we sank the boat, ba-dse' ni pa-ha
side of a hill, a'-tha-a-be; (2) wa'-tha- i-the o°-tha i.
k'a-be. Sioux (Indian), Pa'-ba-wa-xo".

from the side of, thi-u'-ba-he. sister (elder), i-zho°'-the; (2) i-to°'-ge.
side of a house, tho°'-dse-ba-he. sister (younger), i'-to°'-'e zhi°-ga.
side by side (as to lie), kc'-ga-ha sister-in-law, i'-ho°-ga.
zho°. sister-in-law (a woman's), i-shi'-kc""
side by side (as walking), Ijio^'-ga-he sit (to), gthi°.

mo"-thi°. we sit, o°'-gthi°.
let us walk side by side, Jjo^'-Qa-ha sit (to) upon, a'-gthi°.
o"-mo°-thi° a-tho. I sit upon, a'-a-gthi".
sieve (a coarse one), we'-ga-zhi°. you sit upon, a'-tha-gthi".
sieve for screening grain, wa-dsiu'-e sit (to) in one's yard, u-gi-gthi*".
i-ga-zhi°. I sat with them, zhu-a'-wa-gthe a-
sigh (a), ni-o^'-gthu-ge. gthi°.

330 liUREAU OF AAIERICAN ETHNOLOGY Ibl'Ll.. l()i>
Bit (to) beside, lô^'-c^'a-ha-gthi". skirt, wa-tse'.

sit (to) Turk fashion, ga-btha'-zhe. my skirt is short, wa-t.se' wi-ta tho"
I sit Turk fashion at a feast, ga- dsa-pa.
btha'-zhc a-gthi° ha ki-ku tsc-dsi. skittish, wa-da' thin-ge.
site (a), u-tsi'. skull (the), we'-thi-xthi wa-hi.
it is a beautiful site, u-tsi' do°-be skunk, mo'''-ga-gthe-ge.
tha-gthi". sky, Ice'-tha; (2) mc'-xe.
sitting (as a bird on a nest), u-gi'- slander (to), wa-tha'-shi-ge.

zho" a-ka. I slandered him, wa-btha'-shi-ge.
you .slandered him, wa-hna'-shi-ge.
sitting (where one is), thi"-kshe dsi.
slander (to), tha-be'-gi-the; wa-tha'-
he was sitting, thi"-kshe no",
be gi-the.
six, sha'-pe.
I slander, btha'-be-gi-the.
six spot (in deck of cards), sha'-ê
you slander, shna'-be-gi-the.
a-zlii.
we slander, o^-tha'-be gi-tha i.
sixteen, a-gthi" sha'-pe. slander (to, in a bad sense), ga-jo"'.

sixth, we'-sha-pe. slap (to), sha'-ge-i-tsi°.
six times, sha'-pe-o°. I slapped him, sha'-ge i-tha'-tsi".
sixty, gthe'-btho" sha-pe. you slapped him, sha'-ge i'-tha-tsi°.
size (as measurement), ha'-thc-gka. we slapped him, sha'-ge c-thoo-tsi" i.
this size, the'-thon-^ka. slash (to hack to pieces), ga-shpa'-
I want a box this size, zhc'-ga-gu- shpa.
we the' -the "-^ka wi° lj:o"-btha. slaughter, tse-fka'-ts'e-the.
skate (to), no^-fi'-o". slaw, we'-thi-xthi to"-ga ba-to-be.
I skated, nc-gi'-o" mo"». slay (to), ts'e-the.
you skated, no''-(;i'-o° zho". I slew him, ts'e-a'-the.
we skated, no^-gi'-o" o" i. you slew him, ts'e-tha-the.
skeleton, ni'-ka-shi-ga wa-hi. sleek, hi»'-50-dse.
skewers (large wooden), we'-ba-hno". the horse has sleek hair, ka'-wa a-ka
skilled (to be), wa-pi-o"'. hi^-gc-dse bi a.
1 am skilled, wa-pi'-nio". sleep (to), zho°.
you are skilled, wa-.shpi'-zho°. I sleep, a-zho°.
skilled in language, i-e'-pi-o". you sleep, tha-zho".
skillet (a), we-zhe-gtho". we .sleep, o''-zho" i.
skillful, pi-o"'. sleepiness, i"-shta' u-ts'u-xe.
skim (to), ga-tse'. my eyes feel sleej^y, i^-shta' o^-ts'u-xe.
I skim the milk, ba-ge'-ni tse a-tse'. your eyes look sleepy, i°-shta' thi-
skimmer (a) for removing grease ts'u-xe.
from cooked food, -ga-tse. i' sleeve, a'-kshe.
skin (to), thi-xa'-be. sleigh, zhc'-a-ga-gtu-e.
I skinned the ox, tse-gka ke bthi- slender, xtha' zhi"-ga; (2) â-gi-zhi^-ga.
xa-be. slice, ba' -to-be.
you skinned the ox, tse-fka ke stsi- I sUce (the bread), pa'-to-be.
xa-be. you shoe (the bread), shpa' -to-be.
skin (to) beef, u-ga'-stse-ge. we slice (the bread), o°-ba'-to-ba i.
I am skinning the beef, u-wa'-ga- slick, shta'-ha.

stse-ge. slide (to)by pushing, ba-xu'-e.
you are skinning the beef, u-tha'-ga- I made it slide by pushing, pa'-xu-e.
stse-ge. you made it slide by pushing, shpa'-
we are skinning the beef, o-'-gu'-ga- xu-e.
stse-ga i. we made it shde by pushing, o^-ba'-
skin, ha; (2) xi"-ha'; (3) xu'-ha. xu-a i.

skin of the toes, yi-pa'-ha. slim. {See slender.)
;.A flesche] OSAGE DICTIONARY 331
sling shot, i'n'-ga-fi-tha. smooth (to make) by use of a

I made a sling shot, i'°'-ga-gi-tha —
plane continued.
wi° pa-xe. you planed the surface smooth,
you made a sling shot, i'°'-ga-gi-tha shpa'-shda-ha.
wi" shka-xe. we planed the surface smooth,
we made a sling shot, i'^'-ga-gi-tlia o^-ba'-shda-ha i.
wi° o°-ga-xa i. smooth surface, i'-ba-btha-gka.
slippery elm, hi^'-dse gthi-gthi-e. smother (to), ni-o°' a-no°-ge.
slit (to) animals' ears, u-ga'-stse-ge. I smother, ni-o" a-a-no°-ge.
slit for identification, ba-zha'-ta. you smother, ni-o"' a-tha-no°-ge.
I slit the horse's ears to mark it, ba'- we smother, ni-o° wa-no"-ga i.
a-zha-ta. snake, we'-ts'a.
you slit the horse's ears to mark it, black snake, we'-ts'a ga-be.
ba'-tha-zha-ta. bull snake, we'-ts'a-gi-gi-e.
we sht the horse's ears to mark it, blue racer (snake), we'-ts'e to-ho
ba'-o°-zha-ta i. zhi-'-ga.
slit (to make a), thi-stse'-ge. copperhead (snake), we'-ts'a we-
Imade a slit, bthi'-stse-ge. thi-xthi zhu-dse.
you made a slit, ni-stse-ge. garter snake, we'-ts'a gthe-ge.
slop over, xto". glass snake, we'-ts'a-tsi-tsi-zhe.
slope (a), a' -pa-bo; (2) a'-tha-k'a-be. moccasin snake, we'-ts'a u-bi-xo°.
slough, mo°-ni-shki-shki-ga. water snake, we'-ts'a ni-dsi-wa-o°.
slough grass, gi-du'-hi. young snake just hatched, we'-ts'a
sloven, wa-k'o' u-ta-ga-zhi. pa-ta zhi°-ga.
slow movements, wa-gtu'-dse. snap (to), thi-ba'-xe.
slow pace, i'-thi-gtho'^. I snapped it, bthi'-ba-xe.
sluggish, u-thi'-ko° thi°-ge. you snapped it, shni'-ba-xe.
small, zhi"-ga. we snapped it, o°-thi'-ba-xa i.
small hill, ba-xu zhi°-ga. snapping turtle, ke-gi°'-dse ga-tse.

smallpox, ga-da'-zhe; (2) zhu'-dse snare (for fish), hu-bi-dse (which
zhi°-ga. see).
smart, wa-thi'-gtho° gi-gi. snarled, i'-thi-gki-gki.
smash (to), thi-xtho"-zhe. snatch (to), xa-pi-e'-the.
I smash, bthi-xtho°'-zhe. I snatch, xa-pi-a-tha.
you smash, ni'-xtho°-zhe. you snatch, xa-pi-tha-the.
we smash, o°-thi'-xtho°-zha i. we snatch, xa-pi-o°-tha i.
smell something cooking or burn- snath, mo "'-hi" ga-ge i-ba.

ing, da'-btho°.
sneeze (to), he'-tsi".
I smell something burning, da'-btho°
I sneeze, he-a'-tsi".
u-hthi-btho°.
you sneeze, he'-tha-tsi".
you smell something burning, da'-
To sneeze among
the Osage is the
btho" u-stsi-btl)o°.
thought somebodj- is slandering
wo smell something burning, da'-
him.
btho" o°-gu-thi-btho° i.
snipe (a), to"-!"' zhi"-ga (which see).
smell of spoiled food, gtho°-ge.
snow, ba.
smile (a), i'-xa zhi^-ga.
smoke, sho'-dse. snowbird, wa-zhi°-xo-e zhi^-ga.
turned to smoke, sho'-dse-no°. snowing, ba-hiu'-the.

smoke vent, tsi'-hu-ko°. snore (to), zho°'-xtho-dse.
smooth (to make) by use of a plane, I snore, zho"' a-xtho-dse.
ba-shda'-ha. you snore, zho"' tha-xtho-dse.

I planed the surface smooth, pa'- snort (to), xtho-xtho'-dse.
shda-ha. snout, pa.
67025—32 22
332 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (UULL. low
soaked, iii'-ga-slipo". solitary hill, ba-xu' da-pa o-kio^-dse.

I soaked the clothes, ha-(;ka tse some, do'-ba; (2) ki-go".
iii-ga-shpo" a-the. give me some sugar, zho"-ni do'-ba
soap, wc'-bi-ka; wc'-biu-lâ. a-ki o.
Buy me some soap, we'-l)iu-ka thi-lju I want some coffee, mo^-ko" ga-be
o"-thi-\vi" a he. ko"-btha.
soapsuds, (a-to'-xa. somersault, bo'-ki-tha-tsi-ge.
soar (to), as a large bird, u-ga'-wi"-xe. somerset, bo'-ki-tha tsi zhu.
the eagle soars, xi-tha a-ba ga-wi°-xe he made a complete somerset, bo'-ki-
no" bi a. tha tsi zhu o" bi tse thi-pi xtsi
soaring, ga-ku'-wi"-xe. o" bi a.
soaring in circles, o-ga'-\vi"-xe. something, da'-do^-shki.
soaring of birds, ga-wi"'-xe. something is wrong, da'-do"-shki
sober, no'''-xe-gka. ho°-zhi wi" e-dsi a-ka e-zha-mi.
he is sober, iio"'-xe-gka bi a. son, i-zhi°'-ge.
society (of people, as a club), shka'- second son, ksho^'-ga.
dse hi wa-thi". third son, lfa'-zhi°-ga.
socket, u-gthe'. my third son is a farmer, lfa'zhi"-ga
socks, ho "-be' u-ga-wi°-xe. a-ka wa-e ni-ka-shi-ga bi a.
I like blue socks, ho°-be' u-ga-\vi°-xe song (a), wa-tho"'.
to-ho ge xta-a-the. son-in-law, i-to°'-de; (2) i-to^'-dse.
soda (baking), we'-da-ho". my son-in-law, wi-to°'-dse.
sodden, shpo". sorceress, wa-ko"'-da-gi wa-k'o.
soft, wa-he'-he. sore, ni-e.
soft bread, wa-dsiu'-e-sho°. sore eyes, i^-shta' ni-e.
soft palate, we-tha'-hni u-ba-gu-tse. sore throat, do'-dse ni-e.
soft-shell turtle, ke shto'''-ga. I have a sore throat, do'-dse o°-ni-e.
soften (to) with water, ba-ui'- you have a sore throat, do'-dse thi
gthu-ge. ni-e.
soften (to) with ripeness, dsu'-dse. sorrel, mo^'-sho" i-gi-the (sheep sorrel).
soil, mo"-i"'-ka; (2) mo°-thi"'-ka. sorrow, gi-ho"' a-zhi.
sold, we'-thi-wi° thi-shto°. I am in sorrow, o^'-ho^-mo^-zhi.
I sold the house, tsi tse we-bthi-wi" you are in sorrow, thi-ho°' a-zhi.
bthi-shto" ha. sort (to), ba-hi'.
I sold two horses to the man, ni'-lj:a- I sorted the beans, ho^-bthi^-ge tse
shi-ga a-ka ka-wa tho"-ba o°-thi- pa-hi.
wi° a-ka o. sot, gthc'-thi".
soldier, a'-lji-da. soul, wa-no^'-xe.
sole, u-ko"'-dse; gi'-a-no°-zhi. sound (a grating), ga-lâ 'a-xe.
the sole of my foot pains, gi-a-iw-zhi sound (a rattling), as pebbles in a
ke o"-ni-e. receptacle, ba-ga-gu.
solemn, a'-zhu-ba. sound (crunching of feet through
solemnity, a'-zhu-ba. the grass), iu)"-gu-o.
solicit (to), da; wa-da'.
sound (dull), ga-po'-î.
I solicit, a-da.
I made a dull sound, a'-po-l>:i.
you solicit, tha-da.
you made a dull sound, tha'-po-lfi.
we solicit, C-da i.
we made a dull sound, o^-ga'-po-lî i.
solicitous, u'-tho"-dse-shi.
soup, ta-ni'.
he was solicitous for me, u'-tho^-dse-
sour, ts'a-the.
o°-shi bi a.
solid, ga'-gi. sour milk, ba-ge'-ni ts'a-the.
the house is solid, tsi a-ka ga-gi bi a. source, u-ho°'-ge.

solidify, ga-gi ga-xe. south, a'-k'a.
solitary, o-ljo^'-dse tsi-gthe. south wind, ta'-dse a-lj'a tse.
sow (to), wa-bo'-gke u-zhu. speak (to) of one's self continued, —
I sow, wa-bo'-gke u-wa-zhu. you spoke of yourself, u-tha-ki-
you sow, wa-bo'-gke u-tha-zhu. gtha-ge.
we sow, wa-bo'-gke o°-gu-zhu i. we spoke of ourselves, o°-gu-ki-gtha-
space, u-ko"'. gai.
spacious, u-ko°-gtho°-the. spear, we'-zha-pshe.
a spacious house, tsi u-ko° gtho°-the the spear is very sharp, we'-zha-pshe
o. ke pa-hi wa-gthi".
we have a spacious house, tsi u-ko° spear (to) fish, ho i'-zha-pshe.
gtho^-the wi° o°-ga-thi° bi a. I killed the big fish
with a spear,
spade, we'-ba-k'u (which see). hu-hu' to"-ga kshe ho i'-zha-pshe
spade (in deck of cards), mo^'-hi-gi. ke i-tse a-the ha.
I have the queen of spades, mo^'-hi-gi speckled corn, ha'-ba gthe-zhe.
wa-]j;'u kshe a-bthi°. spectacles, mo°'-ge i°-shta u-gtho"!.
span, sha'-ge we-k'u-tse. my spectacles are dirty, mo°'-ge
spank (to), sha'-ge btha-lj'a i-tsi°.

wi-ta tho° mo°-sho-
i°-stu-gtho°
sho-dse i°-tha ha.
he spanked the boy, shi°-to zhi°-ga
specter, u'-be-hni.
thi° kshe sha'-ge btha-k'a i-tsi°
speedily, u'-no°-xthi° xtsi.
bi a.
spend (to), ni'-the.
Spaniard, I-spa'-tho.
I spend money, mo°-ge-gka ni'-a-gi-
spare (to), ni'-ga-xe.
the.
I spared his life, ni pa-xe.
you spend monej', mo"-ge-gka ni'-
you spared his life, ni shka-xe.
tha-gi-the.
we spared his life, ni o^-ga-xa i.
we spend money, mo°-ge-gka ni'-o°-
sparkle (to), thi-gthi'-gthi-e.
gi-tha i.
sparks (from burning wood), da'-gi- spendthrift, mo^'-ge-gka i-ts'a-the.
gi-ge. he is a spendthrift, mo°'-ge-gka
sparks from a fire, xthi°-zha'. i-ts'a-the ma e-go° i ha.
spasm, ts'e hi'-gthi°. spew (to), gthe'-be.
spatter as water, ni'-no°-gi-ge.
(to), I spewed, a'-gthe-be.
I spattered the water, ni-a'-no°-5i-ge. you spewed, tha'-gthe-be.
you spattered the water, ni-tha'-no°- we spewed, o°-gthe'-ba i.
gi-ge. spider, tse'-xo-be.
we spattered the water, ni-o°-no°'- spider (black), tse'-xo-be ga-be.
gi-ga i. spider legs, tse'-xo-be zhe-ga.
speak (to), i'-e; u-ki'e. spider web, tse'-xo-be ti-he.
I speak rapidly, i'-e o°-wo°-to-ge. spiderlike, tse'-xo-be e'-go".
speak to a friend, u-gi'-ki-e. spill (to), xto°.
I spoke to a friend, i-ku-tha u-wa-gi- I spilled it, pa'-xto°.
]ji-e. you spilled it, shpa'-xto".
you spoke to a friend, i-û-tha u-tha- we spilled the water, o°-ba-.xto° i.
gi-ki-e. spill water out of a vessel, ba-sho°-

you spoke to him, u-tha'-ki-e. tha.
speaking, wa-da'. I spilled the water from the vessel,
he spoke to himself, u-ki'-gtha-ge. pa'-sho°-tha.
speak (to) evil of some one, wa- you spilled the water from the vessel,
tha'-pi-zhi. shpa'-sho°-tha.
I spoke evil of him, wa-btha'-pi-zhi. we spilled the water from the vessel,
you spoke evil of him, wa-shta'-pi- o"-ba'-sho°-thai.
zhi. spinal column, no'-ka o°-he.
speak (to) of one's self, u-lci-gtha-ge. spine, no°'-xa hi.
I spoke of myself, u-wa-lji-gtha-ge. spinster, wa-k;*o' wa-thi-xa-zhi.
,
spit (to), tha-k'i. spread oilcloth, a' -thi-btha.
he spit on the ground, tha-lj'i' bi I spread oilcloth, a' -bthi-btha.

a to"-(ie ke-di. J'OU spread oilcloth, a'-ni-btha.
splash (to), ni'-ga-gi-ge. we spread oilcloth, ()"'-ga-thi-btha i.
I splashed, ni a'-tî-ge. spread easily, a'-ki-o"-the u-mo"-lxa.

you splash, ni'-tha-î-gc ha. spread out, btha-xe.
splash with the hands, ni-ga'-to-xe. sprig, ga-xa' wa-hu-stsa.
splash with the foot, ni-no"'-to-xe. give me a sprig of the pine tree, ba-
go" hi ga-xa wa-hu-st.sa wi° Ifo"-
spleen, psi'-stse-dse; (2) tse-pi'-stse-dse.
btha.
splendid, tha'-gthi°; (2) wax-ka-da-
spring (a), bo'-bthi; (2) u-i; (3) ni-hni'
zhi°.
mo"-zho"-ta.
splice (to), u-gi'-ki-gthe; (2) u-ki'-gthe.
spring (of the year), be.
I spliced the rope, we'-thi" ke u-vva- it is a cold spring, be a-ka hni bi a
gi-ti-gthe. spring (to), u-i'-gi.
j'ou spliced the rope, we'-thi" ke the panther sprang on the man, i"-
u-tha'-gi-lji-gthe.
gtho"'-ga a-ka ni-lja-shi-ga to" a
we spliced the rope, we'-thi" ke u-i-gi bi a.
o°-gu-gi-ki-gtha a.
spring of cold water, ni-gni.
split, ga'-stse; stsc'-ge. Spring River, Okla., Do'-gkiu-e ga-xa.
the dog has a split ear, sho^'-gc a-ka I live near Spring River, Do'-gkiu-e
no°-ta stse-ga bi a. ga-xa ke a-shka dsi a-gthi".
split (to), u-ba'-stse-ge. sprinkler, ni' a-ga-gi-ge.
I split the board, no"'-ha ke u-pa sprite, mi'-a-gthu-shka.
stse-ge. sprout (to), zha-bthi^'-ga.
you split the board, no"' -ha ke u-shka I want to sprout the rose, xtha-gka
stse-ge. zha-bthi"-ga wi° Ijo^-btha.
we split the board, no"'-ha ke o"-gu- sprout (a), u-i'.
ga-stse-ga i. spruce (to) up, u-ta'-ga.
spoil (to) by cutting or burning, I spruced up, u-ta'-ga a-l}:i-the.
thi-pi'-zhi. you spruced up, u-ta'-ga tha-lji-the.
spoils, da'-do" wa-gi-sha. spruce tree, ba'-go° hi.
spoils of war, wa-ga'-she. spunk (punk), zho^'-ts'i-k'a.
sponge (a), wa-shto"'-ga. spurn, gi'-thu-ga-zhi.
sponge is found in water, wa-shto°'- I spurn, a-bthu'-ga mo"-zhi.
ga ge ni mo"-tse i-the no" bi o. you spurn, tha-shnu'-ga zhi.
spoon (a), tsiu'-ge. spurs, i'-ga-lj:'i-tha.
spoon (silver), mo°-5e' gka tsiu-ge. sputter (to), da'-xu-we. (This applies
spoon (wooden), zho"' tsiu-ge. to food when cooking.)
spoon (iron), mo"'-5e tsiu-ge. spyglass, we'-do"-be.
sport (to), shka'-dse. I want a spyglass, we'-do°-be wi°
sportsman, ta'-bthe gi-tha-gthi". ô°-btha.
sportive, skha'-dse gi-?u. squander (to), u-thi'-bu-dse.
spotted, gthe-zhe'. I squander, u-bthi'-bu-dse.
the duck is spotted, mi'-xa zhi"-ga you squander, u-ni'-bu-dse.
thi"-kshe gthe-zhe'. we squander, o°-gu'-thi-bu-dsa i.
spotless, wa'-5u. squash, wa-to°.

spots, u-?a'-lj;a. squash (crookneck), wa-to°-palju-sha.
spotted, gthe-zha'-zha. squash (yellow), wa-to" gi.
spread (to), thi-btha. squash vine, wa-to" hi.
I spread the blaknet, ha-xi° tho" squash (to). {See smash.)
bthi-btha. I squash, bthi-xtho°-zhe.
you spread the blanket, ha-xi° tho° you squash, ni'-xtho°-zhe.
stsi-btha. we squash, o°-thi'-xtho°-zha i.
squeaking sound (as a loose board), stammer (to), the'-ge u-ba-gi-ge.
thi-gi'-dse. stamp (to put out a fire with the
I squeaked the board, bthi'-gi-dse. feet), no°-da'-zhi.
You squeaked the board, ni'-gi-dse. Istamped out the fire, a-no"'-da-zhi.
We squeaked the board, o°-thi'-gi- you stamped out the fire, tha-no°'-da-
dsa i. zhi.
squeeze, a'-thi-Qo°-dse. we stamped out the fire, c-no^'-da-
I squeeze, a'-bthi-gc-dse. zhi i.
you squeeze, a'-ni-50°-dse. stanch (flow of blood), a-biu'-ge.

we squeeze, o°'-ga-thi-50°-dsa i. stand (to), no°-zhi°; (2) a'-no°-zhi".
squirrel, gi°'-ga. I stand on the ridge, a'-thi° ke a'-a-
squirrel (black), gi^'-ga ga-be. no°-zhi°.
squirrel (flying), i°-cho"' btha-xe. you stand on the ridge, a'-thi° Ije
squirrel (gray), gi°'-ga xo-dse. a-tha-no°-zhi°.

squirrel (striped), ta-hno°'-ga. I stand up, a-no°'-zhi° a-to° hi o.
squirrel (little ground), he'-xthi stand (to) bent, ba-ko no°-zhi° o.
zhi^-ga. stand close to a tree, a'-tha-gta-no°-
stab (to), zha-pshe. zhi°.
I stabbed him, zha-a-pshe. stand upright, stsiu'-no°-zhi° o.
you stabbed him, zha-tha'-pshe. stand (to), to°.
stab (to) a horse, zha'-gi-he. standing, tho'-to°.
stable, ka'-wa tsi- standing up straight, the' -to ° a-no''-
stack (to), a'-ga-gta. zhi°.
I stack, a'-a-ga-gta. I am still standing, shc'-a-to^-he
you stack, a'-tha-ga-gta. a-tho.
we stack, o°-ga'-ga-gta i. you are still standing, sho°'-tha-
stag beetle, ta'-wa-gthu-shka. to°-she.
stagger (to), xi'-xi-tha. to stand abreast, i'-ga-dso°-the no°-
stagger from being pushed, ba'-he- zhi°.
i-the-a-tha. the soldiers stood abreast, i'-ga-
I caused him to stagger, pa' -he i-the- dso°-the no°-zhi° bi a a-ki'-da
a-tha. a-ka.
you caused him to stagger, shpa'-he standard (war), wa-xtha'; (2) wa-
i-the-tha-the. xthe'-xthe (which see),
we caused him to stagger, o°-ba'-he star, mi-k'a-k'e.
i-the-o°-tha i. star (evening), wa-tse mi-ga.
stagnant, shta'-ge. star (morning), wa-tse do-ga.
a stagnent spring, ni-gni te shta-ge. starer (rude person), wa-do°'-be
staid, no°'-xe-gka. stse-e.
stain (a), tho'-tho. starling, xo'ta xo-dse.
stains, wa-tha-xthi. start (to) a prairie fire, u-ge'.
stairs, a'-no°-zhi°-gthe. I started a prairie fire, u-wa'-ge.
I fell down the stairs, a'-no"-zhi°-gthe you started a prairie fire, u-tha'-ge.
tse o°-wo°-xpa-the. we started a prairie fire, o°-gu'-ga i.
stake (upright in the ground), startle (to), ho'-sha-tsi-the.

zho°'-bo-ga. I startled him, ho'-sha-tsi-the pa-xe.
stake (a gambling term), u-gtho°. you startled him, ho'-sha-tsi bthe
stalk (of plant), hi. shka-xe.
stalk of grain, wa-bo'-gke hi. startler, u'-shi-tsi-the wa-ga-xe.
stalk of corn, ha'-ba hi. starve (to), no°-pe'-hi ts'e.
stall for horses, ka-wa u-nC-zhi". I am starved, no°-pe'-hi a-ts'e.

stallion, ka'-wa do-ga. you are starved, no°-pe'-hi tha-ts'e.
stalwart, gi'-gi. we are starved, no"-pe'-hi o°-ts'a i.
he is stalwart, gi'-gi bi a. stateliness, u-ta-ga.

Btatement (to make a) u-tha'-gc. ; stifle (to), ni-o° a'-no^-fc.

I made a statement, u-btha'-gc. still, xthi-u'-zhi.
you made a statement, u-shta'-gc. he lay very still, xthi-u'-zhi xtsi

we made a .statement, o°-gu'-tha-ga i. sho" bi a.
statement (false), e-go"'-zhi u-tha-gc. stilts, zho'''-i-mo"-thi" (which see),
Imaile a false statement, she' thi"-ke sting (to), ba-fi'-ge.
i-e-go"-zhi u-btha-ge mi°-kshe. stingy, tho^'-dse ga-gi; (2) wa-tse-xi;
you made a false statement, i'-e- (3) wa-xthi'.
gc-zhi u-sta-ga bi a. he is very stingy, wa-tse-xi wa-gthi"
we made a false statement, i'-c-go"- bi a.
zhi o''-gu-tha gi o"-ga-to". stink (a), wa-xwi°.
statue, i"-d8e' a-da ga-xe (which sec). stir (to), shko"; u-thu'-ga hi.
statute, wa-ki-gtha-dse; (2) u'-wa-ki- I am stirring, u-thu'-wa-ga-hi.
gtha-dse. you are stirring, u-thu'-tha-ga hi.
steal (to), mc-tho"; wa-mo°-tho". stir (to) a fire, a'-ba-do°.

I steal, wa-mo°-btho°. I stir the fire, a'-pa-do°.
you steal, wa-mo°'-shto°. you stir the fire, a'-shpa-do".
stealthily, .\thu'-zhi go°-tha; (2) no"- we .stir the fire, o°'-ga-ba-do" i.
ni'-ni-tha. stirrup, giu'-no°-zhi".

steam, p'o-tho°. I broke my stirrup, fiu'-no^-zhi"
the steam burnt my arm, p'o-tho" a-gi-no°-xo°.
tse o"-tho° ni-de a-ka. stockade, a'-ba-ta.
steamboat, ba-dse' pe-dse. the enemy broke the stockade,
steam car, u-thi'-to^-tha l>.'o"-?a-gi ni'-ka-shi-ga wa-ljo^-tha a-ba a-ba-
(which sec). ta ga-ta-tha bi a.
steam from. boiling:kettle,u-p'o' -the", stocky, zhu'-i-ga gtho°-the.
steel, mo"'-ce ?a-gi. stone, i'"; i'" tha-gthi".
steel and flint, ga-xthi"'-zhe. stone house, i'° tsi.
steel trap, mo"-5e. you live in a large stone house,
I caught the beaver in a steel trap, i'° tsi gtho"-the wi° u-tha-gthi°
shabe wi" u-bthi^-ge mo^-qe u-thu ni-ke ha.
bthi"-ge. stone pitcher, i'" niu-thu-zhu.
steep, a'-tha-a-be. stool (round top), a'-gthi° da-pa.
a steep hill, u-ga'-hu-dse. stoop under a fence, ba-xthu'.
steer (a), tse-^ka do-ga. I stoop under the fence, a-ba-ta ke
stench, wa-xwi°'. pa'-xthu.

step, î-thu'-5e. you stoop under the fence, a-ba-ta
Itook a step, î-bthu-ge. ke shpa'-xthu.
you took a step, î-stsiu-ye. we stoop under the fence, a-ba-ta
wc took a step, 5i-o°'-thu-5a i. ke o°-ga-ba-xthu i.
stick to, a'-tha-ha. stop (to), applied to whipping, ga-
sticking together, a'-lji-tha-gta. shto°.
sticky, gka'-^ka-be; we'-tha-Qta. stop (to) work, ga-sho° ga-xe.
the candy is sticky, zho"-ni a-ka stop (to) going or standing still,
we-tha-^ta bi a. no°-shto°.
stiff, 9a' -da. stop (to) holding, thi-shto°.
stifif-jointed, â'-da. I stopped (let go), bthi-shto°.
I am stiff-jointed, bthi'-ga-da. you stopped (let go), ni-shto°.

you are stiff-jointed, ni'-â-da. we stopped (let go), o°-thi-shto° i.
we arc stiff-jt)inted, o''-thi' -fa-da i. stop (to) a fever, zhu-da'-lâ-dse
stiffen (to), yu'-da ga-.\e. a-thi-shto".
I stiffened it, fa' -da pa-xe. stop (a command), tha-shto".
you stiffened it, 5a' -da shka-xe. stopper (to a bottle), we'-u-tha-do°.
we stiffened it, ga'-da o°-ga-xa i. storehouse, u'-wa-pi-gthe.
storeroom (for food), u'-no°-bthe stretch (to), thi-Qa-da; thi-gtha'-wa;

u-zhi. thi-zhi".
story (a), u'-tha-ge. I stretched, bthi'-zhi°.
stove (a), mc'-ge pe-dse i-shko". you stretched, ni'-zhi".
stovepipe, mc'-ge u-xtho-^'a. we stretched, o°-thi'-zhi° i.
the stovepipe is rusty, mo^'-ge stretch (to) one's self, ki-tha'-gi.

u-xtho-k'a tse u-Qi ha. stretch (to) growing limbs, i'-ga-gi-
straight (as character), u-thu-to°. ge.
straight (opposed to crooked), stsu, stretch (to) out, ba-ga'-da.
the arrow is straight, mo°'-ke stsu. Istretched out, pa'-ga-da.
straight line, i'-thu-to". you stretched out, shpa'-ga-da,
straighten (to), thi-stsu'; thi-tho'- we stretched out, o°-ba'-ga-da i.
to". stretch (to) with the foot, no"-ga'-da.
straighten (to) by hand, bi-thu'-to". I stretched with my foot, a-no"'-
I straighten itby hand, pi'-thu-to°. ga-da.
you straightened it by hand, shpi'- you stretched with your foot, tha-
thu-to°. no»'-ga-da.
we straightened it by hand, o°-bi'- we stretched with our feet, o°-no°-
thu-to° i. ga-da i.
straighten (to) with the teeth, stretch (to), as distend, thi-gi'-tha.
tha-thu'-to". I stretched it, bthi-gi-tha.
I straightened it with my teeth, you stretched it, ni-gi-tha.

btha'-thu-to°. we stretched it, o°-thi-gi-tha i.
you straightened it with your teeth, strew (to), u-ga'-bu-dse; (2) u-thi'-bu-
shda'-thu-to°. dse.
straightway, wo°-go°'-xtsi. I strew flowers, xtha-gka u-bthi'-bu-
strand (of yarn), wa-ho°'. dse.
stranger, ni'-lja-shi-ga e-zhi. you strew flowers, xtha-gka u-shni'-
I am a stranger, ni'-ka-shi-ga e-zhi bu-dse.

bthi° ha. we strew flowers, xtha-gka o°-gu'-
strangle (to), wa'-tse. thi-bu-dsa i.
I strangled on water, ni o°-tho° stride (to), gi-thu-ge stse-dse.

ga-tse.
stride (to take rapid strides), hi'-
shno°-shno°.
strangle (to) on food, do-dse u-ga-
I took rapid strides, hi'-shno°-shno°
5ki.
a-tha.
straw, wa-bo'-5ke hi.
you took rapid strides, hi'-shno°-
strawberry, ba-stse'-ga.
shno" tha-the.
I like strawberries, ba-stse'-ga o°-
we took rapid strides, hi'-shno°-
tha-gthi° no" a-tha.
shno° o°-tha i.
strawberry vine, ba-stse'-ga hiu.
strife (a), ki-ki°'-da-ge.
streaked, i'ga-xu-xu. strike (to), ga-ba'-ts'i"; wa-ga'-xthi.
stream, ga-xa ko°'-ha kshe u-wa-pa strike (to) with the arm, a'-i-tsi".
bthe a-tho. I strike, u-wa-tsi".
street, u-ta'-no°; (2) u-zho"'-ge u-ta- you strike, u-tha'-sti°.
no". strike (to) a stunning blow, ga-ga'-gi.
strength, wa-shko°'. I struck a stunning blow, a'-ga-gi.
to regain strength, wa-shko°' gi-to". you struck a stunning blow, tha'-ga-
I regained my strength, wa-shko" gi-
a-gi-to°. we struck a stunning blow, o°-ga'-
you regained your strength, wa- ga-gi i.
shko"' tha-gi-to". string, ha-ho°' zhi°-ga.

great strength, wa-shko°' tc-ga. striped (in parts), gthe-ga-ga.
.
striped, gthe-ge' stunned (to be), ga-ta'-kshi".

I have a striped dress, \va-tse'-gthe- I am
stunned, a'-ta-kshi".
ge wi" a-bthi". you are stunned, tha'-ta-kshi".
you have a striped coat, a-ga-ha-mi we are stunned, o"-ga'-ta-kshi° i.
gtlic-(,-e' wi" a-ni. stung by a nettle, ha'-do-ga i-bi-yta.
striped wood, zho"-gthe'-ge-hiu {Trax- stupendous, gtho^'-the.
inus riridis). stupid, gtho»'-thi°.
stripped to the waist, tho-lâ'-thi". stutter (to), the'-ge u-ba-gi-ge.
stripping, uo"'-ha-ga shto-e. I stutter, the'-ge u-ba-gi-ge.
stroll (to), u-ba'-wi"-xe. you stutter, the'-ge u-thi-ba-gi-ge.

I like to stroll, u-ba'-wi"-.\e o"-tha- subside, a'-tha-xi".
gthi". substitute, e'-zhi u-gi-no" zhi" kshi-
strong, wa-shko^'-gthc-tlie. the.
he is a strong man, ni'-ka-slii-ga suburb, to°'-wo° ]>o"-ha kshe.
wa-shko" to°-ga bi a. I hve in the suburb, to°'-vvo" to "-ha
strouding (red), ha'-zhu-dse. kshe dsi a-ti ha.
struggle, wa-shko". succeed (to), u-gi'-no°-zhi°.
we struggled hard, c-wo^'-shko" i ha. I succeed, u-wa'-gi-no"-zhi''.
strychnine, sho"'-ge i-ts'e-the. you succeed, u-tha'-gi-no"-zhi°.
strychnine is a poison, sho^'-ge i-ts'e- we succeed, o°-gu-gi'-no°-zhi'' i.
the mc-ko" pi-zhi. I have succeeded, c-ha-go".

stub (to) the toe, a'-ta-kshi". (^S'ee you have succeeded, thi-ha-go".
also stumble.) succession, u-ti'-thi-btlia-btha.
I stubbed (my toe), a'-a-ta-kshi". succor, a-gi'-no°-zhi°.
you stubbed (your toe), a'-tha-ta- succotash, wa-tc'-gi ho"-bthi"-ge u-
kshi". thu-ki-ho°.
we stubbed (our toes), o"'-ga-ta I like succotash, wa-to"'-gi ho^-bthi"-
kshi" i. ge u-thu-lji-ho" o"-tha-gthe.
stubborn (to be), a'-ho-pshe. sucker (fish), hu-i'-ha zhi^-ga.
he is very stubborn, a-ho'-pshe wa- suckling, ba-ge'-i".
gthi" bi a. sudatory (to cause to perspire),
stubby (as a bear's tail) do°'-ka. i'^-u-gthi" 1 si-
study (to), i'-thi-gtho^". sudden, a'-thi-do" hi e-go"; (2) tsi-
Istudy, a'-wa-bthi-gtho". gthe'.

you study, a'-wa-shti-gtho". siaddenly, ga-ba'-zhi.
we study, o"-tho°'-thi-gtho" i. sue (to), u-thi^-ge.
stuff (to), u-ba'-^ki. I sued him, u-bthi°'-ge.
I stuffed it, u-pa'-gki. you sued him, u-stsi°'-ge.
you stuffed it, u-shpa'-gki. we sued him, o°-gu'-thi°-ga i.
we stuffed it, o^-gu'-ba-gki i. suffer (from hardship), wa-xpa'-thi".
stumble (to), a'-ta-kshi". suffer (by humiliation), thi-zho'-zhi.
I stumbled, a'-a-ta-kshi°. I suffer from being tired, o"-tho°-
you stumbled, a'-tha-ta-kshi". pe-zhi.
we stumbled, o"'-ga-ta-kshi" i. suflacient, ga'-go° no" shki-do" (which
stumble and fall, hi'-p.she. see); (2) u-thu'-thi°-ga zhi.
Istumbled and fell, hi'-pshe pa-xe. suffocate (to), ni-o°' a-no°-ge.
you stumbled and fell, hi'-pshe shka- you are suffocated, ni-o°' a-thi-
xe. no"-ge.
we stumbled and fell, hi'-pshe o"-gawe are suffocated, ni-o"' wa-no"-ga i,
xa i. sugar, zho^'-ui (which see).

stump, zhn"' u-dse. give me some sugar, zho"-ni' do-ba
stun (to) by a blow, ga-ga'-gi. o°-lf;i-o.
I stunned him, a'-ga-gi. suicide, ts'e-l>:i-the.
you stunned him, tha'-ga-gi. suit, suitable, gi'-ga-sho".

we stunned him, c-ga'-ga-gi i. suitable, tho"-tse.'
suitor, mi-go °'-tha; (2) mi-thi'-gtho°. suppose that, a'-zhi°.

sulk (to), xtho". Isuppose, a'zha-mi.
Iwent away in a sulk, a'-xtho° bthe. you suppose, a'-zha-zhi°.
You went away in a sulk, tha-xtho° suppurate, xthi.
stse. sure, wi°'-lj:e.
sulky rake, mo°-hi°' i-thi-xe. I am sure, wi°'-a-ke ha.

sullen, u'-k'o° pi-zhi. you are sure, wi°'-tha-ke ha.
sulphur, mo"-ko°'-gi. we are sure, wi°'-o"-ka i.
sumac, mo°'-bi-dse (which see). surgical operation, pa'-da-bi.

summer, do-ge'. I had a surgical operation, o° pa-da
I went home in the summer, do-ge' i ha.
a-dsi a-gthe ha. surprise, no"'-xe ga-gi.
summit (top of a hill), a'-thi° pa-gi. surprise (to) da'-ge-the.
,
summon (to), gi-bo°. I am surprised, da'-ge-o"-tha i ha.

Iwas summoned, o°-bo° ha. i You are surprised, da'-ge-thi-tha i ha.
you are summoned, thi-bo° ha. i surreptitious, nC-xtho^'-ha-ga-xe.
sun, mi; (2) wa-ko^'-da ho°-ba do°. surround (to), as an enemy, u-thi'-
the sun is hot, mi tho° da-ka-dse. shi°-gthe.
sunbeam, mi' da-stsu-dse. surround (to), xthi'-bi.
sunburn, mi' i-da ga-be. surround (to), as to cut off retreat,
I sunburn, mi tho° o°-tho° da-ga-be a'-no°-ga.
ha. I surround, a'-a-no°-ge.
you sunburn, mi tho" da-ka-de i-the you surround, a'-tha-no°-ge.
da-ga-be ha. we suround, o°'-ga-no"-ga i.
Sunday, Ho^'-ba Wa-ko"'-da-gi; (2) surroundings, ko°'-ha-ha kshe.
0°-ba-wa-ljo°-da-gi. surveyor, mo^-zho"' i-k'u-tse.
we go to church on Sunday, Wi-gi-e I paid the surveyor, mo°-zho' i-k'u-
tsi tse o°-ga-hi no° bi a, 0°-ba- tse the a-gi-shi-be i" do.
wa-ko°-da-gi tse dsi. suspender, i'-ki-thi-do°.
sunder (to), thi-ki'-tha ha. I broke my suspender, i'-ki-thi-do"
sundown, mi'-a-po-ga. a-gi-pi-ge ha.
sunflower, mi-to-o-xthe. suspense (to be in), wa-ha'-gi-the.
Sunflower Creek, Kans., Xtha-gi ga-xa I was in suspense, wa-ha'-a-gi-the tho.
zhi°-ga. you were in suspense, thi'-ha-gi-the.
sunless, mi thi°-ge. we are in suspense, wa-ha'-o°-gi-tha i.
sun perch, ho-zhu'-dse. swallow (a bird), ki-gthu'-ni-lja; (2)
sunrise, mi'-i-tho^-be. ni-shku'-shku.
sunset, mi u'-xpe; mi'-hi-the. swallow-tailed kite, i°'-be-zha-ta.
at sunset, mi-hi-the do°. swallow (to), hni.
sunshine (after rain), ni-zhiu' gi-lj'o". I swallow, btha'-hni.
sunstroke, mo°-stse u'-thi°-ge. 3ôu swallow, sta'-hni.
he had a sunstroke, mo°-stse u'-thu- swamp (a), ni-mo°-shki'-shki-ge.
thi^-ge. swampy, same as swamp,
superabundance, da-do°u-tsi; (2) da' swarm, bo'-bthi.
do° a-gthi°-ha u-tsi. swarm (as bees), a'-lji-k'e.
we had a superabundance of rain, swarms, kia'-hi-hi-the.

a-gthi" ha wa-ni-zhiu bi a. swarthy, xi^-ha sha-be (which see),
stiperb, wax-ka'-da-zhi. sway, ga-gi'-gi-dse.
superannuate, no^-wa'-gthi". sway (as a leaf in water), ga-mi'-mi-
supper, pa'-ge wa-no°-bthe. tha.
supplication, wa-lj:o°'-da wa-gi-da. sweat (to), ba-xi'-dse.
suppose (to), e'-gi-bthe. I sweat, o°'-ba-xi-dse.
—
sweat (to). continued, swept, ga-dsu'-xe.
you sweat, thi'-ba-xi-dse. I .swept the house, tsi tse a-dsu'-xe.
we sweat, wa'-ba-xi-dsa i. swim, hi-tha'.
sweat (to), u-da'-bthi. swim (to), ni'mo".
I sweat, o"-wo"'-da-btlii. I swim, a-ni'-mo".

you sweat, u-thi-da-l)thi. you swim, tha-ni'-mo".
we sweat, u-wa'-da-bthi i. we swim, o°-ni'-mo° i.
let us swim, o" i'-mo° ta bi.
sweep (to), ga-dsi'-ge.
Iswept away pieces of wood, a'dsi-ro. swindle (to), mo°-xe'-the.
you swept away pieces of wood, he swindled me, mo°'-xe o"-tha i ha.
tha'-dsi-ê. swindler (a), wa-mo"'-xe-the-shto".
we swept away pieces of wood, swollen, i'-ba.

o"-ga'-dsi-ga i.
my foot is swôllen, qi ta o°-tho"-ba.
sweep aside, a'-ki-dsi-gc. my hand is swollen, sha-ge te o°-

tho°-ba.
sweep with a broom, ga-dsu'-xe.
swoon (to), ts'e.
I sweep, a'-dsu-xe.
I swooned, a'-ts'e.
you sweep, tha'-dsu-.\e.
you swooned, tha'-ts'e.
we sweep, <)"-ga-d.su-xa i.
wê swooned, o°-ts'a i.
sweepstake, gi'-zhu.
sword, a'-ki-da mo°-hi"; (2) mo"'-hi°
I took the sweepstakes, wa-gi'zhu tse
to"-ga.
ra-ni bthi-the i° do.
sycamore (Platanus occidentalis),
sweet, (jki'-the.
zho" go" hi.
the coffee istoo sweet, mo''-l>;o"'9a-be
swift, k'o"' ga-gi.
tse (;ki-thc wa-gthi°.
I am swift, a-t;'o° ga-gi.
sweetbreads, u-gthi°'-ta-xe. swift runner, wa-to'-ge.
you like sweetbreads, u-gthi°'-ta-xc swiftly (as applied to a runner), Ij'o"'
thi-gu. ga-gi.
sweet clover, pe-zhe bthc-tha-gthi". I could run swiftly, a-lj^'o"-ga-gi.
sweet clover has a white flowêr, you can run swiftl}% tha-l>:'o "-ga-gi.
pe-zhe btho^-tha-gthio a-ba xtha we can run swiftly, o"-lj'o "-ga-gi i.
90"-ho° no" bi a. symbol, wa-we'-ga-gko"-the.

sweet corn, u'-ho° ga-gi. symbolize, wa-we'-ga-gko°-the.
sweet corn is good to eat, u'-ho" symbolize (to), i-tse-a'-the i° da.
ga-gi a-ba tha tse tha-gthi" no" syringe, i"-gthe u'-the-lj'e.
bi a. sympathy (to have), wa-tha'-lf'e-the.
sweet milk, ba-ge'-ni gki-the. I have sympathy for her, wa-lj'u
sweet pickles, Ijo-lô'-ma gki-thc. thi"-ke tha-k'e a-tha.
sweetish, gki'-the e-go". my sympathy is for the man who
sweet potato, do'-stsc-dse. suffers, ni'-ka-shi-ga thi°-ke tha-
swell (to), thi-gi-tha. k'e' a-thc.
tabernacle, wa-ljo^'-da (si. taciturn, i'-a-zhi wa-gthi"; (2) u'wi-a-

I went into the tabernacle, wa-l<:o"'-da zhi.
tsi t.se dsi pi. he is very taciturn, u'-wi-a-zhi wa-
table, a'-wa-no"-bthe. gthi" bi a.
place the chairs at the table, a'-wa- tacks, u-mi'-zhe u-thu-ga-do".
no°-bthe tse dsi a-gthi"-ge i-tse- tacks, brass, ko"'-gi.
tha i-a he. tadpole, ho-pa'-ni-dse.
taboo, wa-gtha-ge. tail, gi"'-dse.
tail (bird's), i°-be; o°-be. tan (to) skins, to "'-the.

tail (deer's), ta Qi°-dse. I amtanning the skin, wa-ha to"-a'-
tail (horse's), ka'-wa 5i°-dse. mi kshe o.
the
take (to), thu-ge'. you are tanning the skin, wa-ha
I take, bthu'-5e. to°-tha'-the ni kshe o.
you take, ni'-ge. tangle, i'-ki-thi".
take (to) something home, a-thi° tangle in a rope, a'-ki-pe-to°.
gthe. tangled, i'-thi-gki-gki.
1 took something home, a-bthi" my hair is tangled, pa-xi"' tho"
a-gthe. o"-tho°' thi-gki-gki.
you took something home, a-ni'-tha- tangled mass, thi-bthi"'-bthi"-tha.
gthe. tankard, ni' i-tha-to".
we took something home, o"-ga'- tarantula, tse'-xu-be hiu stse-e.
thi" o°-ga-gtha i. the bite of a tarantula is poison,
take (to) a husband, a'-thu-xe. tse'-xu-be hiu stse-e a-ba wa-tha-
take (to) back to an owner, i-tha'- xta ge te mo"-ko" pi-a-zhi bi a.
thi"-the. tardy, o'-ko" a-zhi.
I took his horse back to him, ka'-wa I was tardy, o'-ko° mo°-zhi i" da.
to° i-tha'-bthi°-bthe ha. you are tardy, o'-ko° ni-a-zhi i" da.
take (to) something away, a-thi°'- target, wa-ho'-to°-the i-k'u-tse.
the. I hit the target, wa-ho'-to°-the
Itook it away, a-bthi"'-bthe. i-k'u-tse u-gko°-gka a-o.
you took it away, a-ni-stse. tarry, e'-pa-ge.
we took it away, o°-ga'-thi° o°-ga- tart, ts'o-xe.
tha i. the apple is tart, she tho" ts'o-xe ha.
take (to) by the throat, do'-dse tassel, wa-hiu' ga-stse.
u-thi"-ge. tasted, tha-gta'-be.
I took him by the throat, do'-dse I tasted it, btha'-gta-be.
u-bthi°-ge. you tasted it, stsa'-gta-be.
you took him by the throat, do'-dse we tasted it, o"-tha'-gta-ba i.
utsi°-ge. tatters, btha-btha'-ge.
we took him by the throat, do'-dse he was in tatters, we-ki-gthi-wi" ge
o°-gu-thi°-ga i. btha-btha-ge.
talisman, wa-xo'-be. tattle (to), i'-e ki-pa-xtha-dse.
talk rapidly, i'-e-wa-to-ga. tattoo, xthe-xthe.
you talk rapidly, i'-e-wa-thi to-ga. taut, we'-thi"-thi-do°.
talkative, i'-e-shto°. pulled taut, i'-thi-do".
tall (as the height of man), stse-dse'. the rope is pulled taut, we'-thi" ke
tall (as the height of a mountain), thi-do° bi a.
ba-xu' -stse-dse.
tea, pe'-zhe mo°-ko" ga-e.
tallow, tse-gka' we-gthi (which see); drink tea, pe'-zhe mo"-ko" ga-e
I
(2) we'-thi ga-gi (which see).
btha-to°.
talons, wa-zhi°'-ga sha-ge; (2) sha'-ge.
you drink tea, pe'-zhe mo"-ko° ga-e
tambourine, tse'-xe-ni-zhi°-ga.
shta-to".
tame (to), thi-wa'-shta-ge.
we drink tea, pe'-zhe mo°-ko" ga-e
I tamed the horse, ka'-wa to"
o"-tho"-to" i.
bthi-wa-shta-ge.
you tamed the horse, ka'-wa the teach (to), wa-go"'-ge.
to° stsi-wa-shta-ge. I teach, wa-po"'-ge.
we tamed the horse, ka'-wa the to° you teach, wa-shko"'-ge.

o°-thi-wa-shta-ga i.
we teach, o"-wo"'-go"-ga i.
tan (by smoking), da'-gi-hi (which teach, wa-shko"'-ge.

see). I teach, a-kchi'-mo"-ge.
342 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. lOB
teacher, wa-go"'-9e. tempest, ta-dse' gtho''-the.

school-teacher, ta'-|)U-gka. temples (at side of the head), tha-
I like my school-teacher, ta'-pii-^ka no"'-he.
wi-ta u-xta a-gi-the. ten, gthe'-btho".
teal (duck), mi'-xa zhi"-ga xo-dse. ten apples, she gthe'-btho".
teamster, wa-thi-to" lj:a-wa ga-zhi". ten each, gthe'-btho" tho"-tho".
tear (to), no"-btha'-ge. ten spot (in deck of cards), gthe-
tear (to) paper or cloth, thi-btha'-ge. btho" a-zhi.
I tore the oluth, ha-^^ka tho" btlii- ten times, gthe'-bthi" o".
btha-ê. tenacious, wa-tse'-xi.
you tore the cloth, ha-gka tho" stsi- tenancy, mo"-zho"' u-gthi".
btha-ê. tenant, mo"-zho°' u-gthi° thi"-ke.
tear (to) down a liouse, thu-ta'-the. the tenant moved away, mo"-zho"'
I tore down the house, tsi tse u-gthi" a-ka wa-hio" bi tse.
bthi-ta-the. tend (to), u-wi'-ga-sho".
you tore down the house, tsi tse I tend, u-we'-ga-sho".
ni-ta'-the. you tend, u-the'-ga-sho".
tear (to) into shreds, thi-stse'-stse-ge. tend (to) a child, a'-lyi-hi-de.
tear (to) open by heat, da'-btha-ye. I tended the child, a'-a-ki-hi-de.
tear (to) to pieces, thi-shpa'-shpa. you tended the child, a'-tha-lci-hi-de.
I tore (it) to pieces, bthi'-shpa-shpa. we tended the child, o"'-ga-ki-hi-da i.
you tore (it) to pieces, ni'-shpa-shpa. tender (to make tender by boiling),
we tore (it) to pieces, o"-thi'-shpa- da'-xthi-be ga-xe.
shpa i. I made it tender, da'-xthi-be pa-xe.
tear (to) down a fence, a'-ba-ta-ga- you made it tender, da'-xthi-be
ta-the. shka-xe.
I tore down the fence, a'-ba-ta a-ta- we made it tender, da'-xthi-be o"-
the. ga-xa i.
you tore down the fence, a'-ba-ta tender meat, ta tho" wa'ts'e-ga.
tha-ta-the. tenderloin u-xthe'-xthe-ga; (2) no"'-
we tore down the fence, a'-ba-ta ka-l>;o".
o"-ga-ta tha i. I like to eat the tenderloin, u-xthe'-

tears from crying, i°-shta'-bthi. xthe-ga ke tha-tse o°-tha-gthi°
teat, ba?e'-pa. no" a-tha.
tedious, i'-ga-fki-ge; (2) ga-cki-ge. tenderness, tha-k'e'-the.
it is very tedious, i'-ga-gki-ge wa-tha tendon of Achilles, i'-no"-do".
i ha. tent of canvas, ha-^-ka i'-tsi.
telegraph, mo^'-ge V:'o°-5a-gi. tent of skin, tsi' -ha i-tsi.
telegraph wire, mo^'-ge u-tha-ge. tent sitting upright, tsi'-thu-to"-
telephone, mo"'-5e u-lji-lji-e. gthe.
telescope, we' -do "-be. a conical tent, tsi'-bo-xa.
tell (to) a story or fable, u'-tha-ge. I saw a man put up a conical tent,
I tell a story, u'-tha-ge wi" u-btha-ge. ni'-ta-shi-ga tsi'-bo-xa thi mo°-
you tell a story, u'-tha-ge wi" gthe a-ka wa-to"-be ha.
u-sta-ge. tenth, we'-gthe-btho" (which see).
we told a story, u-tha-ge wi" o"-gu'- tepid, shta'-ge.
tha-ga i. the water is tepid, ni te shta'-ge ha.
tell (to) a falsehood, i'-xo-be. terminal, u-ho"'-ge tse.
I a falsehood, o°-tho°-xo-be
told terrace, mo "'-ha u-wa-ki-ho".
mo"-zhi. terrapin, 'ke.
you told a falsehood, i-thi-xo-be. a very large terrapin, ke tlii"-ke
temper (a fiery), no"'-dse a-shka. gtho" the o.
temperament, u'-shko". terrible, no"'-pe-wa-the.
terrify (to), wa-no°'-pe ga-xe. thicket, u-xtha'-be.

I terrified him, ni'-]ja-shi-ga thi°-ke I hid in the thicket, u-xtha'-be ke tsi
wa-no''-pe pa-xe. i-tha ki-no"-xthe.
you terrified me, wa-no°-pe o°-shka- thief wa-mo°'-tho°-shto".
(a),
xe o. I caughtthe thief, wa-mo"'-tho"-
we terrified him, ni'-ka-shi-ga thi°-ke shto" the u-bthi°-ge.
wa-no°-pe o°-ga-xa i. thigh, gi-gu'; (2) zhe-ga'-u-to°-ga.
test, i'-ga-?ko°-the. thimble, sha'-ge u-gtho".
I tested the horse, ka'-wa to° i-tha- I want a thimble, sha'-ge u-gtho°
ga-5ko°-bthe ha. wi" ko°-btha.
j'ou tested the rope, we'-thi" kshe thin (as a thin person), xtha' zhi°-ga.
i-tiia'-ga-gko^-bthe ha. thin (as to boards), bthe'-ka; (2)
testicle, sho°-dse-5u. Qa-gi zhi°-ga.
testimony, o-gtha'-ge. think (to), a'zhi".
I gave poor testimony, wa-we-ba-ho° I think, a'-zhi" mi.
o-gtha' ge tse ho°-zhi pa-xe. you think, a-zha-zhi°.
tether (to), u-ga'-shke. think (to), study, i'-thi-gtho".
tether a horse, ka'-wa u-ga-shke-gtho". let me think, hi "-da i'-bthi-gtho"
textile, wa'-go°-dse. te ha.
thank (to), tha-ho°'. I think, a'-wa-bthi-gtho".
I thanked him, btha'-ho". you think, a'-wa-shti-gtho°.
you thanked him, shta'-ho°. we think, o"-tho"'-thi-gthon i.
thankful, we'-hno°. think (to) well of, do"-he' a-zhi°.

I am thankful, we'-a-hno". I think well of him, do°-he' a-a-zhi°.
thankfulness, u'-we-hno°. you think well of him, do°-he' a-tha-
thankless, we'-ki-shno° thi^-ge. zhi°.
Thanksgiving Day, Ciu'-â tha-tse third, we'-tha-bthi" (which see).
ho"-ba (which see). third time, we'-tha-bthi°-o°.
that, e; (2) ga. thirsty, i'-bi-gi.
thaw, xpo°. I am thirsty, o"-tho°'-bi-5e.

I thawed out, bthi-xpo". you are thirsty, i'-thi-bi-ge.
you thawed out, ni'-xpo". we are thirsty, we-a'-bi-ga i.
we thawed out, o°-thi'-xpo° i. thirteen, a-gthi'-tha-bthi".

the (definite article), ge; (2) no". thirteen horses, Ija'-wa a-gthi'-tha-
theater, u'-wa-do^-be. bthi".
I like to go to the theater, u'-wa-do""- thirteen chickens, giu-ka a-gthi'-tha-
be the C-gu. bthi".
thee, thi-e. thirty, gthe'-btho° tha-bthi".
thence (from that place), e-dsi'-to". thirty ducks, mi-xa zhi°-ga gthe-
thenceforth, e-dsi' to" the-the. btho^tha-bthi".
therapeutics, we'-stse-the. thirty persons, ni'-lja-shi-ga gthe-
there, dsi; (2) kshe-dsi. btho° tha-bthi°.
there where lies the forest, u-xtha'-be thirty snakes, we-ts'a gthe-btho"
kshe-dsi. tha-bthi".
go there, e-dsi mon^-thi". this, the.
there (that one), the. this (refers to something lying
there is, a'-tha. down), the' -kshe.
therefore, e-do°'. this log, zho" the'-kshe.
these, ga'-ge. this much, the'-no°.
thick, sho-ga'. this side, du-da'-thi-sho°.
your hair is thick, pa-hi" thi-ta a-ki thitherward, e-ta'.
sho-ga. thoracic duct, thi'-u-thi-xthu-k'a.
344 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY Ibul
thoracic vertebra, ii-thi"'-Ke \va- throw (to) away, o"'-tha.

tse-xi. Ithrow away, a-o°'-btha.
thorn, wa-xa'-pa-hi. you throw away, tha-o"'-shta.
the rose has thorns, xtha-gka a-ba we throw away, o"-o"-tha i.
w !i-xa-pa-hi u-tsi bi a. throw (to) out sparks, da'-da-da-ge.
thorn apple, ta-^po". thrown (from a horse), u-ga'-xpa-the.
thoroughfare, u-zhu"'-ge. {See also the girl was thrown from a horse,
street.) shi-mi-zhi"-ga thi°-ke u-ga'-xpa-
though, tho'''-zha. tha bi a.
thoughtless, \va-thi'-gtho" thi"-ge. thrush (the spotted), ta-gka' gka.
you are very thoughtless, wa-thi'- thrust (to) in a hole with a finger,
gtho" wa-gthi° thi-thi-'-ge ha. thi'-zhi"-dse.
thousand, zho"'-l>u-ge (which see). I thrust my finger in, bthi'-zhi"-d.se.
thrash (to) with a whip, ga-ga- you thrust your finger in, ni'-zhi"-
â-be. dse.
I thrashed him, a'-â-ga-be. we thrust our fingers in, o"-thi-
you thrashed him, tha'ga-ga-be. zhi"-dsa i.
we thrashed him, o-'-ga'-ga-ga-ba i. thrust (to) an arm in a hole, u-ba'-

thrash (to), as drubbing, ga'-ga-gi. hi".
I gave him a thrashing, a'-ga-gi. I thrust my arm in a hole, u-pa'-
you gave him a thrashing, tha'-ga- hi".
gi- you thrust your arm in a hole,
we gave him a thrashing, o°-ga'- u-shpa'-hi".
ga-gi. we thrust our arms in the hole,
thrash (to), give a beating, u-tsi ". o"-gu'-ba-hi" i.
I thrashed (beat) bin), u-wa'-tsi". thud (a sound from dropping), g£.

you thrashed (beat) him, u-tha'- ko'-ge.
tsi°.
thud (sound from striking), ba-
we thrashed (beat) him, o"-gu'-tsi° i.
ko'-ge.
thread, ha'-we-a-ge. I made a thud by striking, pa-po-ge.
give me some black tliread, ha'-we- you made a thud by striking, shpa-
a-ge ga-be he-be o^-ki a. ko'-ge.
threadbare, bi-thi'''-ge.
thud (made by feet), no"-pu'-lj:i.
my coat is threadbare, a-ga-ha mi
thumb, sha'-ge u-to°-ga tse.
a-gi-pi thi°-ge xtsi mo" ha.
threat (a), Iji^'-dage i-e.
my thumb is hurt, sha'-ge u-tc-ga
tse ni-e a-ki pa-xe.
threaten (to), ko°-tha.
thunder, gtho°-ho'-to°.
he threatened me, o^-ko^-tha i-thi-
the thunder was loud, gthc-ho'-to"
gtho° bi a.
wa-gthi° bi a.
three, tha'-bthi".
threes (to deal three at a time), Thursday, Ho^'-ba we-do-ba.
tha'-bthi" no "-the.
thus, ga.
thresh (to), wa-bo'-gke u-tsi". thwart (to), thu-ts'a-ge ga-xe.
thresh (to) grain, wa-dsiu'-e e-ga- I thwarted (his plans), thu-ts'a-ge
zhi". pa-xe.
thrill, tho"'-dse u-tha-go". you thwarted (his plans) thu-ts'a-ge
throat (the), the'-shka; do'-dse. shka-xe.

I have a sore throat, do'-dse o"-ni-e. we thwarted (his plans), thu-ts'a-ge
throb (to), ljo°-bo-gi-gi. o"-ga-xa i.
a heart throb, tho"-dse o"-a-po-po- tick (bloodsucking fly), ta-gthe'-

shka (which see).
throng, a'-mi-xe. tickle (to), thi-lf'i-tha.
a great throng met him, ni'-ka-shi-ga I tickled the boy, shi"-to zhi"-ga to°
a-mi-xe xtsi a-ki-pa a-hi bi a. bthi-li:'i-tha ha.
tA TLKSCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 345
tickle (to) — continued. tipi, tsi' bo-xe.

you tickled the boy, shi°-to zhi°-ga I saw a man put up a tipi, ni'-ka-
to° nilj'i-tha. shi-ga wi" tsi-bo-xa thi mo°-gthe
we tickled the boy, shi°-to zhi^-ga a-ka wa-to°-be ha.
to° o°-thi-k'i-tha i. tiptoe, gi pa'-mo°-gthe.
tie (to) a knot, a'-ga-shke. tiny, wa-ho'-stsa zhi°-ga.
I tied a knot, a'-a-ga-shke. I have a tiny stone, i'° wa-ho'-stsa
you tied a knot, a'-tha-ga-shke. zhi°-ga wi° a-bthi°.
tie (to) a bundle, ba'-xtse. tired (to be), u-zhe'-tha.
I tied a bundle, pa-xtse. I am tired, o°-wo°'-zhe-tha.
you tied a bundle, shka'-xtse. you are tired, u-thi'-zhe-tha.
we tied a bundle, o°-ba'-xtsa i. we are tired, u-wa'-zhe-tha i.
tie (to), ga'-shke. tireless, ga-gki'-ga-zhe.

tie (to) with a cord, i'-ba-xtse. title to something, wa-we'-ta.
I tied with a cord, we-thi" zhi°-ga I have a title to my land, mo°-zho°'
i-pa-xtse. wi-ta wa-we-ta wa-gthe-ge o° i bi a.
you tied with a cord, we-thi° zhi°-ga titter (to), i'-xa.
i-shka-xtse. toad, ni-zhu'-a-xa-ga.

we tied with a cord, we-thi° zhi°-ga horned toad, ga-xtho'-e.
o°-tho°-ba-xtsa i. I found a horned toad, ga-xtho'-e
tie (to) with a rope, i'-ko°-to°. wi" i-tha-the ha.

I tied with a rope, i-tha'-lfC-to". you found a horned toad, ga-xtho'-
you with a rope, i'-tha-ko^-to".
tied e wi° i'-tha-the.
tie (to) with a string, ko°-to". we found a horned toad, ga-xtho'-e

I tie, a'-ko°-to°.
wi" C-thC tha i.
tobacco (white man's), no°-ni'-hi
you tie, tha'-ko^-to".
(which see).
we tie, o°-ko°-to° i.
tobacco pouch, no°-nu'-zhi-ha.
tie (to) a tree, u-ga'-shke-gtho".
tobacconist, no°-ni'-hi we-thi-wi".
I tied it to a tree, xtha-be tse-dsi
to-day, ho°'-ba the.
u-ga'-shke a-gtho",
toe, gi-pa'; (pi.) gi-pa' u-ga-be.
you tied it to a tree, xtha-be tse-dsi
big toe, gi-pa' u-to°-ga.
u-ga'-shke-tha-gtho°.
second toe, gi-pa' u-stse-dse tse.
we tied it to a tree, xtha-be tse-dsi
middle toe, gi-pa' u-stse-dse wa-ho'
u-ga'-shk-e-o°-gtho° i.
Ic'a tse.
tight, u-thi'-dsi^-gthe.
little toe, gi-pa' wa-ho-k'a tse.
my shoe is tight for my foot, o°-wo°-
allthe toes, gi-pa' u-zhi°-ga.
ki-tha-ta.
toenail, gi-pa' -ha.
till (to), as the soil, u'-we-ga-xe.
together, e'-ki-tho°-ba.
I till, u'-we-pa-xe.
they went together, zhu-ki-gthe a-tha
you till, u'-we-shka-xe.
i-ha e-]î-tho°-ba xtsi.
we till, u'-we-o°-ga-xa i.
token (a), u'-we-to"-i".
tilt to one side, ga-a'-thi-ko°.
tomahawk, mo^'-hi^-gpe zhi°-ga.
time (at that time), ga'-thu-hi ke. tomb, wa-xe'.
time (the present), the-go°'-dse xtsi. Tomb of Washington, Tsi-go-a-bi
timid, xtha'-xtha; (2) u-ni'-zhi°; no"'- pa-ho°-gthe wa-xe' thi°-kshe.
pe. tombstone, i°-bo-ga.
the deer is timid, ta a-ba u-ni'-zhi° to-morrow, ga-go°' i" do.
no" bi a. wait till to-morrow, ga-go°' thi° te
tine (of a horn), a'-thi-lju-sha. she-to° o°-tho°-pa ga-ha.
tip (the), i-ta'-xe. wait till to-morrow, then we will go,
tip of the nose, pa-i'-ta-xe; pa'-pa-gi. ga-go°' thi° te she-to" o°-tho"-a-
tip of the tongue, the'-ge i-ta-xe. pa e-di hi o°-ga-the ta-te ha.
346 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull, log
tomtom, t.se'-xe-ni. touch (to) with the palm of the

tongue, the'-?!e. hand, a'-bi-ta.
tongue-tied, the'-ge u-ba-î-ge. I touched it, a'-pi-ta.
the boy is tongue-tied, shi°'-ô zhi"- you touched it, a'-shpi-ta.
ga to° the'-Qe u-ba-gi-gc. we touched it, o^'-ga-bi-ta i.
tonsil, ta'-hia-wa-shko°. touch (to), as feeling, thi-to".
tonsillitis ta'-hiu-wa-shko" ni-c. I touched it, bthi-to".
Look (that which was one's own), you touched it, stsi'-to°.
gthu'-yo. we touched it, o"-thi'-to° i.
I took that which was mine, a-gthu'- touchwood, zho"'-tsi-lj'a (which sec),
Ce. tough, ga-gi'.
you took that which was your own, the meat is tough, ta tho" ga-gi'.
tha-gthu'-ge. tow (to), thi-xu'-e.
we took that which was our own, I towed the boat, ba-d.sc' ke bthi-
o^-gthu'-ga i. xu-e.
tools, we'-lji-l^'o" (which see). you towed the boat, ba-dse' ke
tooth, or teeth, hi. stsi-xu'-e.
toothache, hi ni-e. we towed the boat, ba-dse' ke o°-thi-
I have a toothache, hi-o°' ni-e. xu-a i.
you have a toothache, hi'-thi ni-e. toward, e-ta'-thi-sho"; ta-ha.

toothpick, hiu'-ga-sha-ge i-ba-gu-dse. toward the river, ni-kshc ta-ha.
give me a toothpick, hiu'-ga-sha-ge you are going toward the house, tsi
i-ba-gu-dse wi° a-k'i o. tse 'ta-thi-sho" stse a-tho.
top (a), ga-xo'-c. I go toward the village, to°-wo"
Ihave a top, ga-xo'-e a-bthi" ha. tho" e-ta'-thi-sho° bthe.
you have a top, ga-xo'-e wi" a-tsi". you go toward the village, to°-wo"
top (on the top), a'-ga-ha. tho° e-ta'-thi-sho" ne ha.
topmost, i-ta'-xe-tse. we go toward the village, to"'-wo"
the topmost branch, xtha-be i-ta'-xe. tho" e-ta'-thi-sho" o"ga the.
the bird is on the topmost branch, towhee (of the finch family), to-
wa-zhi°'-ga a-ka xtha-be i'-ta-xe xthi"'-shka.
tse a-i-tho° bi a.
town, to^'-wo".
topple (to), xi'-tha.
I am going to town, to"' -wo" gi bthe.
the tree ready to topple, zho" a-ka
is
you are going to town, to°'-wo" gi
xi-tha ta i-tse e-dsi a-hi a-ka ha.
stse.
torch, da'-ljo" i-ga-xe; (2) da'-wi"-xe.
I saw the light of the torch, da'-ljo"
we are going to town, to"'-wo° gi
o"-ga-tha i.
i-ga-xe tse i-tha-the.
track, gi-gthe'.
torn, thi-shpa'-shpa.
trade, as to exchange horses, i'-]j:i-ka
I tore it to pieces, bthi'-shpa-shpa.
wi".
you tore it to pieces, ni'-shpa-shpa.
we tore it to pieces, o^-thi'-shpa-
I traded (a horse), i'-lji-ka-wi" a-the.
shpa i.
you traded (a horse), i'-ki-ka-wi"
torrent, niu'-ga-hi-tlia. tha-the.
tort, wa-wc'-gtha-iio". we traded (a horse), i'-lji-ka-wi" o"-
tortoise, (See terrapin.) tha i.
toss (to), (1) ga-(;i'-ge; (2) o"'-tha trader, wa-thi'-wi°.

i-the-the. the trader brought blankets, wa-
I toss, a'-gi-go or i-the a-the ha. thi°'-wi° a-ka ha-xi" a-thi" a-tsi
yon toss, tha'-gi-ge or i-the tha-tlic i ha.
ha. tradition, u'-tha-ge.
we toss, o°-ga'-gi-ga i or i-the o"-tha i. trample (to), no°-gta'-ge.
total, ga-ni'. I trampled it down, a'-no"-gta-ge.
OSAGE DICTIONAEY 347
trample (to) — continued. —
tremble (to) continued.
you trampled it down, tha'-no°-gta- we tremble with fear, zhu-i-ga o°-thi-
ge. bthu-bthu-xa i wa-no"-pe.
we trampled it down, c-no^'-gta-ga i. trey (three spot in deck of cards),
tranquil, wa'-gpe. o-gdo a-zhi; (2) u-gtu-we' a-zhi.
all is tranquil, ga-ni wa'-gpe i. thrice (three times), tha'-bthi" o°.
translator, i'-e-wa-gka. trickery, u'-wa-mo°-xe-the.
that man isa good translator, iii'-ka- trigger, mi'-'-dse-ko".
shi-ga a-ka i-e-wa-gka tha-gthi" I pulled the trigger of the gun, wa-
bi a. hu'-to°-the mi°'-dse-ko° tse bthi-
transmit, the' -the. do" ha.
transplant (to), we'-da-zhi u-zhi. trim (to), a'-ga-gto°.
I transplanted the tree, xtha-be tse I trim, a'-a-ga-gto°.
we'-da-zhi u-wa-zhi ha. you trim, a'-tha-ga-gto°.
trap (a), mi-ka' u-thu-thi^-ge. we trim, o"-ga'-ga-gto° i.
trash, da'-do" pi-zhi. trip (to), hi'-pshe.

travel (to), wa-mo°'-thi°. I tripped him, hi'-pshe pa-xe ha.
I like to travel, wa-mo^'-thi" a-gu you tripped me, hi'-pshe o°-shka-xe
no" a-tha. ha.
travel for pleasure, u-ba'-wi"-xe. we tripped him, hi'-pshe o°-ga-xa i.
I travel for pleasure, u-pa'-wi"-xe. tripe, tse-ni'-xo°-xo°.

you travel for pleasure, u-shpa'- I hke tripe, tse-ni'-xo°-xo° tha-tse
wi°-xe. a-gu shna a-tha.
we travel for pleasure, o°-gu'-ba- trot (to), as a horse, ge'-ga-ga.
wi°-xa i. trotter, ge'-ge-k'o°-ga-gi (which see).
travel leisurely, wa-stse'-ho". trousers, u-thu'-gi-no°-zhi°.
I travel leisurely, wa-stse'-ho° xtsi trout, hu-i-ha to°-ga zhi"-ga.
mo^-bthi". true, a-biu-ge; u'-thu-to".
you travel leisurely, wa-stse'-ho" truly, a'-tha.
xtsi mo°-ni. trump (in game of cards), mo°-a'-
tray (wooden), hi°'-dse-pe. do-we.
tread upon, a'-to°. trunk (a), zho°'-û-ge.
I tread upon it, a'-a-to°. I have two new trunks, zho°'-lcu-ge
you tread upon it, a-tha-to°. tse-ga tho°-ba wa-bthi" mi°-kshe o.
we tread upon it, o°-ga'-to" i. trunk of a tree, hiu.

tread down with the foot, no"-sha'- truth, e'-gka; wi°-ke.
tha-ge. speak the truth, wi"-a'-ke.
treasurer, mo°'-ge-gka a-do°-be. I speak the truth, wi°-a'-kshe
treatment (medical), wa-stse'-the. a-tho.
tree, zho°. • you speak the truth, wi°-tha'-ke.
a tree fell on me, zho"' o"-ga-gpe. Tuesday, Ho°'-ba we-tho°-ba.
a tree fell on you, zho"' a-thi-ga-rpc. tuft of feathers, pe'-btha-xe.
I pushed him against the tree, zho"' tug (to), as to pull with the hands,
a'-pa-go°-dse. thi'-do°.
tree top, pa-gi',; zho° i'-ta-xe. I tugged hard, bthi'-do° a-wa-shko°.
tremble (to), go°-go°'; (2) thi-bthu'- you tugged hard, ni'-do" wa-tha-
bthu-xe. shko".
I tremble, a-go"'-go°. we tugged hard, o^-thi'-do" o^-wa-
you tremble, tha-go"'-go". shko" i.
we tremble, o"-go°'-go° i. tumbler (drinking glass), i'°'-ko°-ba.
(2) tremble with fear, zhu-i-ga
I I broke the tumbler, i'"'-lj:o°-ba
bthi bthu-bthu-xe wa-no°-a-pe. a-xthe-ge ha.
you tremble with fear, zhu-i-ga ni- tumult, k'o-k'o'-bi ; (2) o'-ko"-di-the;
bthu-bthu-xe wa-no°-pe. (3) u'-tsi-zhe ga-xe.
67025-32 23
.
turbid, ni'-o sho-dse. twelfth, we-a'-glhi" tlw-ba (which

turbulent, u'-tsi-zhe ga-xe shto". see).
twelve, a-gthi° tho"-ba.
turkey, giu'-lja; (2) îu'-lja to°-ga.
I want twelve chickens, giu-lja zhi"-
(The female is formed by adding
ga a-gthi° tho^-ba wa-lj:o"-btha.
mi"'-ga.)
You want twelve chickens, giu-lja
turkey buzzard, he'-ga.
zhi"-ga a-gthi" tho''-ba wa-shko"-
turkey cock, a'-hiu-mo"-thi".
sda.
young turkey, cîu'-ka to"-a zhi"-ga.
turn (to) with the foot, no"'-ku- twenty, gthe'-btho° tho°-ba.
\vi"-xc.
twenty-two, gthe'-btho° tho''-l3a Iji-c-
di tiio"-ba.
I turned the log with my foot, zho"
twenty-five cents, ga-shpa' tho°-ba.
ke a-no"-ku wi°-xe.
twice, tho" bi-o"'.
you turned the log with your foot,
twig, ga-xa wa-hu-stsa.
zho" ke tha-no"-ku-wi"-xe.
twine, ha-ho"' zhi"-ga; (2) we'-ba-xtse.
we turned the log with our feet, zho"
I tied it with twine, ha-ho"' zhi"-ga
ke o°-no"-l>u-wi"-xa i.
i-tha-l<o°-to".
turn (to) by pushing, ba-ku-wi"-xe.
twins, tho"-ba'-da. (See no"-ba'-da.)
I turned the table by pushing, a-wa-
twiner (as a vine or poison ivy), wa'-
nc-bthe tho" pa-lsu-wi°-xe.
be-bthi" hi.
you turned the table by pushing,
twist (to), thi-be'-bthi".
a-wa-non-bthe tho" shpa-ku-wi"-
I twist, bthi'-be-bthi°.
xe.
you twist, ni'-be-bthi".
we turned the table by pushing, a-\va-
we twist, o"-thi'-be-bthi° i.
no°-bthe tho° o^-ba-ljiu-wn-'-xa i.
twist (to) the foot, thi-bthi"'-tha.
turn (to) over, thi-go°'-tha.
I twisted my foot, a-no"'-bthi"-tha.
I turned over, bthi'-5o"-tha.
you twisted your foot, tha-no"'-bthi"-
you turned over, ni'-go^-tha.
tha.
we turned over, o^-thi'-go^-tha i.
twisted shape, thi-bthi"'-bthi"-tha.
turn (to) by bending, ba-be'-gi". twisting, u-thu'-be-bthi".
I turned the edge by bending it,
two, tho"-ba'.
pa'-be-?i". two in succession, tho"-ba'-tho°-tho".
turn (in a road), u-ba'-sho°. two by two, tho°-ba' no^-the.
turnip, do'-gthe to°-a. two dollars, btho'-ga tho°-ba.
turtle, ke. typewriter, mo"'-9e ta-ta-ge.
turtle (little round), ke-da'-pa zhi"- I have a new typewriter, mo^'-ge
ga. ta-ta-ge tsc-ga wi" a-bthi".
turtle (narrow-chested), lj:e-mo"-go typewriter (one who operates a
u-bi-tho"-dsc. machine), wa-gthe'-ge-ta-ta-ge.
U
ugly, u-ta'-ga-zhi. unable — continued
an ugly horse, ka'-wa u-ta-ga-zhi.
it is you are unable to go, ne'-ta-te ni-
ts'a-ge a tho.
umbilicus, thc'-ta-sho°.
umbrella, o-thi'-i-hni. we are unable to go, o"-ga-the o"-thu-
ts'a-ga bi a tho.
lend me your umbrella, o-thi'-i-hni
unaccommodating, da'-e tha-gthi"
o"-wo° Ij^'i a.
a-zhi.
umpire, wa-wiu'-do"-be. you arc unaccommodating, da'-e tha-
the umpire is wrong, wa-wiu'-do"-be gthi" ni-a-zhi.
wi"-lja zhi. unanimous, ga-ni' i-shto°.
unable, thu-ts'a'-ga. unawares, da'-ge.
I am unable to go, bthe-ta-te bthu- I took the man unawares, ni'-ka
ts'a-ge. thi" da'-ge a-the.

unawares — continued. underhanded, no°-xtho°'-ha.

3'ou took the man unawares, ni'-ka I am underhanded, no"-xtho°'-ha
thi" da-ê tha-the. u-wa-ki-e.
we took the man unawares, ni'-ka you are underhanded, no°-xtho°'-ha
thi° da-5e o°-tha i. u-tha-ki-e.
unbraid, thi-gtha'-tha. underneath, u-thu'-xthu-ha.
I unbraid, pa-xi° bthi-gtha'-tha. I found it underneath the house,
you unbraid, pa-xi° tho° ni-gtha'-tha. tsi tse u-thu'-xthu-ha ke-dsi i-tha-
unburden, wa-k'i"' i-ts'e-the (which the ha.
see). understand, thi'-u-pa-the.
unceasing (without stopping), sho"'- I understand, o°-wo"'-pa-the.
sho°-e. we understand it, wo'-pa-tha i ha.
go without stopping, sho°'-sho° mo"- I understand it to mean me, a'-]j:i-
thi" o. o"-pa-the.
uncertain, ho°'-tse wa-ha-gi-the. to fail to understand, no°'-thi°.
I am uncertain, o'^'-ha-gi-the. I fail to understand, a'-no°-bthin.
3'ou are uncertain, thi'-ha-gi-the. you fail to understand, tha-no°'-ni.
uncertainty, wa-ha'-gi-the. we fail to understand, o°-no°-thi" i.
uncharitable, wa-tha'-k'e-tha-zhi; wa- undesirable, be-go"-tha e-wa-tha-zhi;

xthi'. (2) go"'-tha wa-tha-zhi.
he is very uncharitable, wa-xthi' the man is undesirable, ni'-ka-shi-ga
wa-gthi° bi a. the be-go°-tha e-wa-tha-zhi.

uncle (on mother's side), i-dse'-gi. undismayed, ki-xi'-tha-zhi.
unclean, wa-î'-hi a-zhi. undo as a seam, thi-gno^'-tha.

(to),
I undid (the seam), bthi'-gno^-tha.
unclothe (to), ki-gthi'-sha.
I unclothed him, a-ki'-gthi-sha. you undid (the seam), ni'-gno°-tha.
you unclothed him, tha-ki'-gthi-sha. we undid (the seam), o°-thi'-gno°-
tha i.
we unclothed him o°-ki'-gthi-sha i.
undress (to), ki-gthi'-sha.
unconcerned, a'-do"-ba zhi.
Iundress, a-ki'-gthi-sha.
I unconcerned, a'-to°-ba mo "-zhi.
am
you undress, tha-ki'-gthi-sha.
you are unconcerned, a'-shto"-ba zhi.
we undress, o"-ki'-gthi-sha i.
unconquerable, be'-ga-xa zhi.
unearth (to), thi-wa'-to°-i°.
unconscious (from a fall), ga-ts'e. unequal, u-ki'-xtha-xtha zhe.
I was made unconscious, o"-xi'-tha
unerring, u'-tho"-zhi e-go".
go° c'-'a-ts'e ha. unexpected (meeting), wa'-zho°-gi-
you were unconscious, no°-xe' thi-(,'ka
the.
zhi ha. unfailing, same as unerring.
uncooked, ga'-ka. unfaithful, gi'-wi°-ka zhi (which see).
tlie meat is uncooked, ta tho" â-ka unfavorable (impression), wa'-gtha-
dsiu-dsa zhi. ge.
uncover (to), thi-a'-ge. ungenerous, wa-tse'-xi.
I uncovered the box, zho°'-ku-ge ungrateful, we'-ki-shno" thi"-ge.
tse bthi-a-ge ha. unhappy, gi'-gu thi'^-ge.
you uncovered the box, zho^'-ku-ge you look unhappy, u-do^-be te
tse ni-a-ge ha. gi'-gu thi°-ge xtsi ni-ke e-thi-
we uncovered the box, zho°'-ku-ge go° ha.
tse o^-thi'-a-ga i. uniform, gno°'-gno° go-'-ge-go".
undecided, ho°'-ta-tse gi-wa-tse-xi. unimportant, gi-ha'-go".
I am undecided, ho°'-ta-tse o°-wo°- unique, e'-go° thi°-ge.
tse-xi ha. there is nothing like it in this land,
you are undecided, ho'^'-ta-tse thi- mo°-zho° the-ga-ha e-go'' thi°-ge

wa-tse-xi ha. a-tho.
unite (to become as one), Iji-gthi'- upper arm, u'-btho.

viii"-do°. upright. (See honest.)
unkempt, he'-xpiv. an upright man, ni'-lj:a-shi-ga u-thu'-
the man is unkempt, ni'-lja a-ka he- to° bi a.
xpa bi a. uproar, u'-tsi-zhe.
unkind, wa-tha'-lj'e-tha-zhi. upset with the foot, no°'-a-lî-gtha-
the boy is unkind to his dog, nu sho°.
zhi^-ga a-ka sho^-ge a-thi"-bi thi"- I upset with my foot, a-no^'-a-Iji-
ke tha-l>;'e-tha ba-zhi ha. i gtha-sho°.
unlike, go''-ge'-go°-zhi. you ui)set with your foot, tha-no°'-
the horses are unlike, l<:a'-wa a-ka a-lji-gtha-sho°.
go"-5ie'-go» a-zhi a-ka. We upset with our feet, o^-no'-'-a-lji-
unprincipled, u'-shki-ga; (2) wa'- gtha-sho° i.
gpa-zhi. Little brother has upset the bucket
an unprincipled rnan, ni'-l>a-shi-ga of water, ka-zhi°-ga a-ka ne-xe niu-
a-ba u-shki-ga bi a. zhi te no'»'-a-ki-gtha-sho° i ha.
unravel (to), thi-gtha'-tha; (2) gtha- upside down, thi-ba'-ts'i".
tha. to turn upside down by pushing,
I unraveled it, bthi'-gtha-tha. ba-ki'-gtha-sho°.
you unraveled it, ni'-gtha-tha. I pushed it upside down, pa'-ki-
unreliable, u-thu'-to° a-zhi. gtha-sho°.
he is unreliable, ni'-ka-shi-ga a-ba you pushed it upside down, shpa'-
she u-thu-to° ba-zhi i ha. ki-gtha-sho".
unripe, dsu'-da-zhi. we pushed it upside down, o°-ba'-
unruly, (Ja'-e tha-gthi" a-zhi. ki-gtha-sho" i.
unruly (as a horse), u'-he-ga-zhi. upstairs, a'-mo^-shi.

an unruly horse, ka'-wa wa-tse-xi. I went upstairs, a'-mo"-shi bthe ha.
unseen, be'-i-tha-zhi. you went upstairs, a'-mo°-shi ne ha.
unskilled (to be), gc'-zhiu-ga; (2) we went upstairs, a'-mo^-shi o"-ga
wa-go"' zhi"-ga. thai,
I am unskilled, po"^' zhi"-ga. urethra, iu'-zhe.
you are unskilled, shko°' zhi"-ga. urge (to), a-ga-zhi.
we are unskilled, o"-go"'-zhi''-ga i.
I urged, the a-a-ga-zhi ha.
untie, gtha'-tha. you urged, the a-tha-ga-zhi ha.
to untie a knot, thu-shke'.
urgent, u'-]ko"-di-the.
I untied the knot, bthu'-shke i" do.
it is very urgent, u'-ko^-di-the xtsi
you untied the knot, stiu'-shke i" do. o° i ha.
we untied the knot, o°-thu'-shka i° do. urinal, u-dse'-zhe.
unusual, i'-ts'a-the.
urinate (to), tse'-zhe.
unverified, u'-tha-ge-u-ga-xe thi"-ge.
urine, tse'-zhe ni.
unwilling, u'-thu-ts'a-ge.
usage, e'-gi-o"-no".
I am unwilling, u-btliu'-ts'a-ge.
you arc unwilling, u-ni'-ts'a-ge. use (to) as to hire, wa-shi'.
uphold (to), as in an argument, useful, we'-ga-xe tho°-tse (which see).
u-thu'-ki. useless, u'-ga-xe thi''ge.
Iupheld him, u-thu'-wa-ki. usually, no°.

you upheld him, u-tha'-tha-ki. we usually go home in the evening,
we upheld him, o°-tho°-gu-ki i. pa'-ê hi-lfi o^-ga-gthe no" i ha.
vacancy, u-ko". vacate (to), u-lj;o"' ga-xe.

vacant, u'-lji-^-a. I vacate, u-Vo"' pa-xe.
the house is vacant, tsi tse u' you vacate, u-ljo"' shka-xe.
Ifi-ga. we vacate, u-lô"' o''-ga-xa i.
vacation, gi-k'o°-Qe ki-the. vein, ko°.

I am going on a vacation, gi-k'o"-ge vein (of the hand), sha'-ge ljo°.
a-]ji-the hthe ta mi°-kshe o. vein (through the heart), no°'-dse
are you going on a vacation? gi-k'o"- li:on.
ge tha-ti-the stse ta tse a(?). vein (pulsating in the arm), a'-ko«

vaccinate, a'-mo^-ko" u-zhi. bu-gi-gi.
I have been vaccinated, a'-mo"- velvet, ha'-bthe-ka sho-ga.
ôn o^-wo^-zhi bi a. velvet (black), ha'-bthe-ka sho-ga
j'ou were vaccinated, a'-mo"-k:o° ga-be.
u-thi-zhi bi a. velvet (red), ha'-bthe-ka sho-ga zhu-
we were vaccinated, a'-mo°-ko° dse.
u-wa-zhi bi a. I have a red velvet dress, ha'-bthe-lâ
vagabond, mo°-zho°' a-pshe. sho-ga zhu-dse wa-tse wi° a-bthi°
vain, ki-hi°'-xa. he.
I am vain, a-lp'-hi^-xa. velvet (white), ha'-bthe-ta sho-ga
you are vain, tha-ki'-hi°-xa. gka.
we are vain, o^-lji'-hi-xa i. venison, ta'-ta-do-ka.
vainglorious, u-zhu a'-lj;i-zhi°. venison is good to eat, ta'-ta-do-ka
vale, valley, u-k'u'-be. a-ba tha-tse tha-gthi" bi a.
valiant, wa-gi'-gi-ge. ventilate, ta-dse u-pe ga-xe.
valise, wa'-ga-a-gka. I ventilated, ta-dse u-pe pa-xe.
valorous, wa-gi'-gi-ge; (2) wa-ho'- you ventilated, ta-dse u-pe shka-xe.

shi-ge. we ventilated, ta-dse u-pe o°-ga-xa i.
a valorous man, ni'-ka wa-gi-gi-ge. Verdigris River, Okla., Wa-ge'-to°
value highly, gi'-wa-xthi. xo-e.
I value highly my home, tsi'-tse verily, xtsi; (2) e-go".
o"-wa-xthi ha. vermilion, mo'^'-ha ::hu-dse; (2) zhu'-
you value your home, tsi'-tse thi- dse.
wa-xthi. vertebra, no"'-xa-hi u-ki-tse.
we value our home, tsi'-tse wa-wa- vertical, tho'-to°-bo-ga; (2) mo°'-gthe.
xthi i. verj'^, xtsi; wa-gthi°.
vaUiable, u'-xta; (2) o'-xta. vessel, tse'-xe.
the land is valuable, mo°-zhu"' tho" the vessel is full of water, tse'-xe tse
o-xta. ni u-gi-pi.
valueless, o'-ga-xe thi°-ge. vest, waistcoat, a'-ga-ha-pa.
vanish (to), thi°-ge tsi-gthi. I left my vest home, a'-ga-ha-pa a-gi
I vanished, o°-thi°'-ge tsi-gthe. o°-btha a-tsi mi°-kshe o.
you vanished, thi-thi"'-ge tsi-gthe. veterinary, kii'-wa-wa-ko=^-da-gi.
we vanished, wa-thi°'-ga i tsi-gthe. vexation, gi'-ho" a-zhi.
vanity, ki-hi"'-xa. vexatious, u-thu'-ts'a-ge.
variety, e'-zhi-no"-the. via (by way of), e-ta'-thi-sho".
a great variety, e'-zhi-no"-the xtsi. I went via the south, mo°-shte kshe
I have a great variety of necklaces, e-ta'-thi-sho" bthe ha.

e'-zhi-no°-tha xtsi a-bthi° ha wa- vial, u'-zhi to-ho zhi°-ga.
no"-p'i" tse. vibrating, u-da'-bthu-bthu-e.
varnish, we'-gta-the. vice, u'-i-gtha-no°.
vaseline, ni-e' i-gda-the. vicinity, ko°' -ha-ha kshe.
give me some vaseline, ni-e' i-gda-the view (to), gi-do°'-be.
du-ba o°-lj;i o. I view, to°-be ha.
vaunt, ki-hi"'-xa. you view, shto°-be ha.
veal, tse'-gka zhi"-ga ta (which see). I amlooking at my land, mo"-zho"'
vegetables, mo°-hi°' to-ho. tho° a-gi-to°-be ha.
I like vegetables, mo°-hi"' to°-ho you are looking at your land, mo°-
tha-tse o^-gu. zho"' tho" tha-gi-shto°-be ha.
352 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (bull. lOB
view (.to) — contiiHied. violets, xtha-?ka tsu-hu.

we have been looking at our land, violets grow in the spring, be do° u-i
mc-zho"' tho" a-gi-to°'-be o-'-ga- no°-bi a xtha-^ka tsu-hu a-ba.
hi i. violin, Ija-gi'-dse.
vigorous, gi'-î-do". you play the violin, ba-gi'-dse ke
a vigorous man, ni'-lâ gi'-gi-do" bi a. spa'-gi-dse ha.
vile, i'-î-wa-the. virgin, ga-f;o'''-5i; (2) wa'-thi-.\a-zhi.
vilify (to), tha'-be-gi-the. virtuous, u-tho'-to".

I vilify, btha'-be-gi-the.
viscera (the intestines), shi'-be.
visible, to°'-i".
you vilify, shna'-be-gi-the.
we visible (clearly), wa-to"-!".
vilify, o°-tha-be-gi-tha i.
visitor, i'-ki-mo^-thi".
village, to "-wo".
I have a visitor, i'-ki-nioMhi" wi"
I go toward the village, to "-wo" tho"
e-ta'-tlii-sho" btlie.
oMa-pe a-tsi bi a.
you have a visitor, i'-lji-mo^-thi" wi"
you go toward the village, to"-wo°
thi-ta-pe a-tsi l)i a.
tho" e-ta'-thi-sho° ni ha.
vista, u-lj;o"-gthe.
villain, ni'-ka-i-gi wa-the.
voice, hu.
I caught the villain, ni'-ljâ-shi-ga
I heard a man's voice, ni'-ka wi" hu
i-vi wa-the-the o-bthi"-ge ha.
a-no"-k'o" ha.
villainy, u'-i-gtha-no".
you heard my voice, hu o"-tha-no°-
vinegar, ni'-ts'a-the (which see).
k'o" ha.
vines (twining), we'-be-bthi" hi.
volition, wa-zhi"'.
violate (to), wa'-ki-gtha-dse a-thi-la. voluntarily, e-wa'-zhi".
violation of the law, a'-thu-tse. vomit, gthe'-be.
I violate the law, a'-bthu-tse. I vomited, a-gthe'-be.
you violate the law, a'-ni-tse. you vomited, tha-gthe'-be.
we violated the law, o"'-ga-thu-tsa i. we vomited, o"-gthe'-ba i.
violence u'-xthi; (2) u'-he-â-zhi. voracious, wa-no"'-bthe to"-ga.
violent, o'-ko°-di-the. voting, mo"'-sho"-u-thi"-ge.
W
wade (to), zhu'-pshe. wait (to) for some one, i-tha'-pe.
I wade, zhu'-a-pshe. I wait for some one, i-tha'-a-pe.
you wade, zhu-tha'-pshe. you wait for some one, i'-tha-tha-pe.
wag (to), 5i"'-dse u-thu-ga hi. (Re- we wait for some one, o"-tho"-a-gi-
fers to the wagging of a dog's tail.)
pa i.
wager (a bet), u'-zhu-k'o°.

waiter (a), u'-ho" u-wa-wa-k'i.
I made a wager, u'-zhu-lj'o" pa-xe.
waitress, u'-ho °-u-wa-wa-k'i wa-k'o.
you made a wager, u'-zhu-lj'o"
shka-xe.
walk (to), mo"-i"'.
we made a wager, u'-zhu-k'o" o"-ga- I walk, mo"'-bthi".

xa i. I walked a short di.stance, a'-shka
wages, u-kshe'-to". xtsi mo"-bthi".

wagon, u-thi'-to"-tha. yi)U walked a short distance, a'-shka
the wagon was blown over, u-thi'-
xtsi mo"-ni.
to"-tha ke ga-a-ki-gtha sho". we walked a short distance, a'-shka
wagon wheel, u-thu'-(o"-tha tse-the. xtsi o"-mo"-thi" i.
I want oil for my wagon wheel, walk (to) in advance, u-thu'-shi ha
u-thi'-to"-tha tse-the wi-ta we'- u-mo"-thi".
^ta-the a-gi-lf;o"-btha. walk (to) in a forest, u-ta'-no" u-
waist (the), thiu'-we. nu)"-thi".
waistline, ba'-xtse. walk (to) on, a'-jjshe.
walk (to) side by side, Iji^'-ga-ha war — continued.
mo°-thi°. you go to war, do-do° stse.
let us walk side by side, ko°'-5a-ha we go to war, do-do°' o°-ga-tha i.
ino°-thi° tse a-tho. warbler (blue- winged bird), we'-

walking in the water, niu'-mo°-thi°. tse-ga.
I am walking in the water, niu' war club, ke-xtha-tse.
mo"-bthi°. warehouse, wa-to°' u-zhi.
you are walking in the water, niu' warm (to be), shti'-de.
mo"-ni. I am warm, o "-shti'-de.
we are walking in the water, niu' you are warm, thi-shti'-de.
o°-mo''-thi° i. wart, ho'-sha.
walking stick (a cane), i'-ga-gthe. warty, ho-sha' i-thi-gta.
walkingstick (insect), tse'-ho-wa-i"- wary, no"'-xe-ga-gi.
ge (which see). wash (to), thu-zha.
wallet, mo°'-ge-gka u-zhe. I wash, bthu'-zha.
I lost my wallet, mo°'-ge-gka u-zhu you wash, ni'-zha.
o°-wo°-xpa-the. we wash, i°-thu-zha i.
wallop (to), as a sudden beating, wash (to) one's face, gthu-zha.
ga'-ga-ga-be. wash (to) clothes, wa-thi'-shki.
I walloped him, a'-ga-ga-be. I wash clothes, wa-bthi'-shki.
you walloped him, tha'-ga-ga-be. you wash clothes, wa-ni'-shki.
we walloped him, o°'-ga-ga-ga-ba i. we wash clothes, o°-wo°'-thi-shki i.
walnut, ta'-ge. wash (to) for another, gi-thi-zha.
black walnut, ta'-ge sha-e. let me wash your shirt, ha-gka tho"
I have a black-walnut table, i-wi-bthi-zha.
ta'-ge-sha-e hi a-wa-no°-bthe wi" wash (to) for one's self, Iji-gthi'-zha.
a-bthi° ha. Iwash for myself, a'ki'-gthi-zha.
walnut tree, ta'-ge hi. you wash for yourself, tha-ki'-gthi-
Walnut Grove River, Okla., Ta'-ge zha.
hi ba-tse. we wash for ourselves, o"-lji'-gthi-
wall (of a room), tsi-u'-ba-he. zha.
wander (to), u-ba'-wi°-xe. wash (to) and wring clothes, thi'-
I wander, u-pa'-wi°-xe. shki.
you wander, u-shpa'-wi°-xe. I wash and wring the clothes, bthi'-
we wander, o°-gu-ba-wi°-xa i. shki.
wane (to), as the moon, gi-k'a-be. you wash and wring the clothes,
waning of the moon, mi'-o"-ba ni'-shki.
gi-k'a-be gi-the. we wash and wring the clothes,
want (to), go°'-tha. o°-thi'-shkl i.
I want, ko°'-btha. watch chain, miu'-tha-ge i-ko°-the.

You want, shko°'-shta. my watch chain is long, miu'-tha-ge
Iwant a horse, ka'-wa wi° ko°-btha. i-l}:o"-the wi-ta stse-dse.

you want a horse, ka'-wa wi° shko"- you have a gold watch chain,
shta. mo°'-ge-gka gi miu'-tha-ge i-ljo°-
I do not want to go, bthe'-ko"-btha the wi° a-ni ni-ke ha.

mo°-zhi. wash room, u'-ki-gthi-zha tsi.
you do not want to go, ne'-shko°-sda washtub, u-thi-shki.

zhi a. give me a washtub, u'-thi-shki wi"
we do not want to go, o^-ga'-the Ijo^-btha.
o°-go°-tha ba-zhi i. wasp, wa-ba'-gi-ge.
to want a person to do something, a wasp stung me, wa-ba'-gi-ge wi°
gi'-go°-tha. o^-ba-gi-ga bi a.
war, do-do°. wasp, long-legged, wa-ba'-gi-ge hi-
I go to war, do-do° bthe. stse-e.

354 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (UULL. low
wasp, red, wa-ba'-fi-ge zhu-dse. wear (to) earrings, u-i".

wasp's nest, wa-ba'-gi-gc tsi-hc. wear (to) clothing, i-tha'-lji-gthi^-i".
waste away, xtha a-thi"'-hi. wear (to) one's own clothing,
wasteful, u-tlii'-l)u-dsc; (2) wa-tho°'- a'-gtha-ha.
dsu-shi. Iwear ray own clothes, a'-a-gtha-ha.
I am wasteful, u-bthi'-bu-dsc. you wear your own clothes, a'-tha-
you are not wasteful, u-shni'-bu-dsa gtha-ha.
zhi. wear (to) a cap, tha'-ge.
watch over some one, a'-gi-do°-be. I wear a cap, btha'-ge.
I watched over him, a'-to^-be. you wear a cap, shna'-ge.
you watched over him, a'-shto"-be. we wear caps, o"-tha'-ga i.
we watched over him, o"'-ga-to'>-ba i. wear (to) until ragged, bi-dsiu'-tha.
water, ni. weary (to be) from hard work,
cold water, ni lini. u-zhe-tha.
water beetle, h()"'-hthi" sha-be e'-go". weary (to be) from running, ga'-
water hemlock {Cicuia maculata), gki-ge.
zho"'-xa-shto"-ga (which see). I am weary, o"-a'-gki-ge.
water lily, 9i'''-mo°-no"-ta. you are weary, thi-a'-gki-ge.
watermelon, ga-l>iu. we are weary, wa'-gki-ga i.
I like watermelon, ga-kiu tha-tse weasel, he'-xthi°.

o°-5u shna a-tha. weave (to), ga-go"'-dse.
water moccasin (snake), w-e'-ts'a Iweave, a'-go"'-dse.
ni-gi. you weave, tha'-go°-dse.
water a horse, Ija'-wa niu-ga-zhi". we weave, o''-ga'-go°-dsa i.
waterfalls, ni'-xe. web-footed, gi-btha-if;'a.

watery, ni-gthu'-ge. the duck is web-footed, mi-xa zhi"-ga
wavelets, ba-btha'-xe. a-ba gi-ge-btha-k'a bi a.
rolling waves, ni'-ga-btha-xe. wedge of metal, mo°'-ge wiu-ga-do°.
waxwing, ta-xpi'-a-ga-ha. wedge of wood, zho" u-thu-ga-do"
waylay, da'-ge-the. (which see).
I waylaid him, da'-ge-a-the. Wednesday, Ho"'-ba we-tha-bthi".
you waylaid him, da'-ge-tha-the. weed (to), mo°'-hi°-xa.
we, o"-gu'-e. I weed, mo"' -hi" bthi-xa.
we speak to one another, o^-gu' you weed, mo"' -hi" ni-xa.
ti-î-e. weeding, we'-k'o".
weak (to be), o'-â-wa-the; Ava-shko" weeds, pe'-zhe.
thio-ge. I took the weeds out, pe'-zhe ke
yon are weak, wa-shko° thi thi°-ge. a-shi a-o"-btha ha.
weaken (to cause to), wa-he'-he ga-xe. weedy field, u-we kshe mo "'-hi"
I weakened, wa-he'-he pa-xe. wa-gthi".
you were weakened, wa-he'-he week (a), ho"'-ba wa-lfo°-da-gi.
shka-xe. weep (to), a'-ga-xto°; a'-xa-ge.
we were w-eakened, wa-he'-he I weep, a'-a-xa-ge ha.
o^-ga-xa i. you weep, tha'-xa-ge ha.
weakness, u'-thu-ge thi^-ge. I shed tears, a'-a-ga-xto".
wealth, wa-shi'-shi-to° (which see), you shed tears, a'-tha-ga-xto°.
wealthy, mo"'-ge-gka to"; (2) da' -do" we shed tears, o"-ga'-ga-xto° i.
fo". welfare, u'-gi-gu.
I am wêalthy, da' -do" a-to". well (it is well), do "'-ho".
you are wealthy, da'-do" tha-tn". well (a healthy state), u'-ga^-she thi"-ge.
we are wealthy, da' -do" o"-to° i. I am well! u'-ga-she o"-thi"-ge
wean (to), weaned, ba-ge' tha-shto". mi "-kshe o.
weapon, zho"' v.e-tsi". are you well? u'-ga-she thi-thi"-ge
sharp weapons, wa-pa'-hi. ni-kshe a(?)
well (of water), ni-hni'. whip (to) — continued.
were, do". you whipped him, tha'-ga-ga-be.
west, mo "'-ha. we whipped him, o"-ga'-ga-ga-be.
west wind, ta'-dse mo"-ha tse. whippoorwill, a'-lj;o"-gthe; (2) tsi'-
wet, do'-ka. pe-tho"-ba (which see).
my feet are wet, gi te do'-o"-]â ha. whiskers, the'-xo"-dse hi".
are your feet wet? gi te do'-thi- he cut his whiskers oflF, the'-xo"-dse
ka a(?) hi" gi-gtha ts'u i ha.
wet ground, mo°-shta'-ha. whistle, zho'-dse.
whale, ho'-to"-ga. I whistle, a-zho'-dse.
what, da'-do"; ho"-a'-do". you whistle, tha-zho'-dse.
what kind, ho"'-xti o°-xti. we whistle, o"-zho'-dsa i.
whatever, da. white, gka.

wheat, wa-lio'-gke. white man (yellow eye), i"-shta'-xi".
wheat seed, wa-bo'-gke u-gu. to make white, whiten, gka' ga-xe.
when, do"; bi-do"; e-do"; ha-to°'- white puffs of smoke, go "'-ho" ti-tha-
dsi; tha'-ha. tha.
when did you come? ha-to"'-dsi white race (people), xi"-lia gka.
tha tsi a(?) white spots, gka'-gka.
when I get home, a-]j;i-e tha-ha. white pelican, mo"-thi"' the do"
when will you go home? ha-to°'- ts'a-ge. {See do'-dse to°-ga.)
do" tha-gthe ta-tse a(?) white swan, mi'-xa gka.
whence, i-to". white-tailed deer, ta-gi"'-dse gka.
whenever, ha' -to" shki. whitleather, ta'-biu-gka.
whenever you say, thi-e ha' -to" whittle (to), zho"'-ba-3hpi; (2) ba'-
shki e-she do", go".
whenever you say I will go, thi-e ha'- I whittle, 2ho"'-pa-shpi.
to" shki do" bthe te e-she do" you whittle, zho"'-shpa-shpi.
e-go" ta te ha. (2) I whittle, ba'-a-go".
where, ho'-wa-i"-ge. you whittle, ba'-tha-go".
where did you come from? ho'-wa- we whittle, o"-ba'-gon i.
gi to" tha-tsi a(?) whole, btho'-ga; (2) wo"-the-the.

where, a'-gu-di. why, ha'-go"-do°.
where are, tho"-]fa-dsi. why did you not go? ha' -go" do"
where are those men? ni'-â-shi-ga sta zhi a(?)
tho°-]â-dsi a(?) Wichita (tribe of Indians), Wi'-tsi-
wherefore, ha' -go", ta.
whet (to), thi-mo"'. wicked, o'-tho-to" a-zhi; (2) u'-]^'o"-
I whet, bthi-mo"' ha. pi-zhi.

you whet, shti-mo"' ha. the man is wicked, ni' â-shi-ga
we whet, o°-thi'-mo" i. a-ka o-tho-to" ba-zhi i ha.
whetstone, mo"' -hi" i-thi-mo". wide, btha'-tha; (2) gtho"-the.
whiff (a), tha-sho'-dse. the road is wide, u-zho" ke btha-tha.
which? wi-o"'-wo". widow, wa-k'o' ni-lj;a thi"-ge; (2)
which one did you take? wi-o"'-wo" ni'-â thi"-ge.
the stiu-ge a(?) I am a widow, ni'lj;a o°-thi°-ge.
whifHetree, zho"'-ga-dsi". widower, wa-lj'o'-gi-ts'e; (2) wa-^'o
the whiflaetree is broken, zho"'-ga- thi"-ge.
dsi ke xo° ha. he is a widower, wa-k'o' -gi-ts'e ha.
whinny, lj;a'-wa ho-to". wigwam, tsi-ste'tse.
whip, we'-ga-zhi". wild grapes, ha'-gi a-be shta-ha.

whip handle, we'-ga-zhi" i-ba. wild plum, ko"'-dse xo-dse.
whip (to), ga-ga'-ga-be. wild-plum tree, ko"'-dse xo-dse hi.
I whipped him, a'-ga-ga-be. wild sage, pe'-zhe-xu-ta.
wilderness, ino''-zli()"' he \i sliko"- windpipe of an animal, to'-dse xi-be
zhi. (which see).
will (free), wa-zhi". the windjjipe, ni-o"' u-zho''-ge; ni-a'-
°'
I did it of my own free will, wa-zhi ko"-glhe.
wi-ta ga-xc. windward, ki'-nio"-ho".
you did it of your own free will, windy, ta-dsc'-â-ga-gi.
wa-zhi°' Ihi-ta shka-xe. wine, ha'-gi-ni.
will, wa-zhi"'. winebibber, ha-(;;i'-ni gi-tha-gthi".
it will, ta-a-ka. wine merchant, ha'-gi-ni we-thi-wi".
it will rain, ni-zhiu' ta-a-ka. wing (a little), a'-bthu zhi''-ga.
he will go lionie, a-gthe ta-a-ka. wings, a' -hi".
willful, da'-e tha-gthi" a-zhi. the eagle's wings are broken, xi-tha
a willful boy, shi"-to zhi°-ga da'-e thi"-ke a-hi" te thi-xo" bi a.
tha-gthi" a-zhi. wink (to), i"-shta' thi-do-zhe.

willing, i'-no"-hi". I winked at him, i"-shta' e-bthi-do
I am willing, i-tha'-no^-hi". zhe.
you are willing, i'-tha-no^-hi". you winked, i"-shta' the ni-do-zhe.
I am willing to go, bthe ta-te i^-tha'- winkers, i'-ga-bi-zhe.
no°-hi° ha. Winnebago language, Hu'-to°-ga i-e.
you are willing to go, ne ta-te Winnebago Tribe, Ho'-to"-ga.
i'-tha-no^-hi" ha. winnow (to), bo' -the.
willow, thiu'-xe (which see). winter, ba'-the.
willow, yellow, thu'-xe-gi. I have my wood for the winter,
wilt (to), a'-da-ts'e-ga. ba'-the tse zho" a-bthi ha.
wilted, da'-ts'e-ga. have you your wood for the winter?
the flowers are wilted, xtha-^ka a-ka ba'-the dse zho° u-tha-o° ta-tse
da'-ts'e-ga bi a. a-ni ke a-hi°?
win (to), u'-hi. wire fence, mo°'-ge a-ba-ta.
I win, u-wa'-hi. wisdom, da'-i-ba-ho°.
you win, u-tha'-hi. he has great wisdom, da'-i-ba-ho"
we win, o^-gu'-hi i. wa-gthi" bi a.
wind (to), a' -be-to". wipe (to), a'-bi-no"-tha.
I wind, a'-pe-to°. I wipe, a'-pi-no"-tha.
you wind, a'-shpe-to". you wipe, a'-shpi-no"-tha.
we wound, o"'-ga-be-to" i. we wipe, o"-ga'-bi-no"-tha i.
wind, ta-dse'. wipe (to) out, bi-ka'.

the wind was strong, ta-dse' ^-a-gi wish (to), ko".
bi a. witchcraft, wa-gtho°'-xe-shto°.
toward the wind, a'-ga-xthe a-ta. witchery, wa-gtho"'-xe-shto°.
to lie with the head toward the wind, with him or her, zhu'-gthe.
a'-ga-xthe pa-gthe. I went with him, zhu'-a-gthe bthe.
windfall, gu-zho"'; (2) zho°-tha. ôu went with him, zhu'-tha-gthe

wind instrument, u-bi'-xo°. stse.
windmill, la-dse' ga-lju-wi"-xe. withdraw (to), ki-gthu'-ge.
window, u-ga'-ho"-ba. I withdraw, a-ki'-gthu-ge.
window glass, u-ga'-ho"-ba. you w-ithdraw, tha-ki'-gthu-ge.
the boy broke the window, shi"'-tu we withdraw, o"-lvi'-gthu-ga i.
zhi"-ga a-l)a u-ga'-ho"-ba ga-xthe- wither (to) from sun, a'-da-ts'e-ga.

ga bi a. withered, biu'-ge; da'-ts'e-ga.
window glass (small), u-ga'-ho"-ba The leaves are withered, a'-be ge
wa-hu-stsa. da-ts'e-ga.
windpipe, do'-dse xi-be; (2) u'-niu- the rose is withered, xtha-gka ke
zho"-ge (which see). biu'-ge ha.
witness, wa-we'-ba-ho°. work (to), wa-thi'-to°.

I was witness, wa-we'-pa-ho°. I work, wa-bthi'-to°.
you were a witness, wa-we'-shpa-ho°. you work, wa-ni'-to°; wa-stsi'-to°.
wits, wa-thi'-gthc-to". we work, o°-wo°'-thi-to° i.
I live by my wits, wa-thi'-gtho°-to° work horse, wa-thi'-to° ka-wa.
tse-no° i-tha'-gi-ni. world, mo°-zho"'.
you live by your wits, wa-thi'- the whole earth,- mo°-zho"' btho'-ga.
gtho"-to'' tse-no" i'-tha-gi-ni. worm, wa-gthu'-shka.
he lives by his wits, wa-thi'-gtho°- wormy, wa-gthu'-shka u-tsi.
to° tse-no° i-gi-ni i-ha. the apple is wormy, she a-ba wa-
wolf, sho°'-ge. gthu'-shka u-tsi shna bi a.
black wolf, sho'-mi-ka-gi ga-be; sho"'- worn, wa-thi'-xthi-ge.
ge ga-be. my blanket is worn, ha-xi°' wi-ta
gray wolf, sho'-mi-ka-gi to°-ga; sho"'- tho° a-gi-pi-thi-xthi-ge.
ge hi°-tu; sho^'-ge xo-dse. worn down, bi-thi°'-ge.
white wolf, sho"'-ge gka. I wore down to nothing, pi'-thi-'-ge.
wolfish, sho°'-ge e-go". you wore down to nothing, shpi'-

woman, wa-k'o'. thi°-ge.
quarrelsome woman, wa-lj'o' da-ge we wore down to nothing, o°-bi'-
shto° (which see). thi°-ga i.
womanly, wa-k'o' e-go° (which see). worry, u'-lj:o"-di-the.
womb, zhi"-ga u'-gthi°. I worry, o°'-u-lj;o°-di-the.

womb of an animal, u-gthi"' ta-xe. you worry, u'-thi-ko"-di-the.
wonderful, wax-ka'-da-zhi. worship (to), tha-wa'-ko°-da.
a wonderful sunset, mi'-hi-the te Iworship, btha-wa-ko°'-da.
wax-ka-da-zhi do°-be u-xta. you worship, na' wa-ko°-da.
woo (to), mi-thi'-gtho°. we worship, o''-tha'-wa-ko°-da i.
Iwoo, mi-bthi'-gtho°. wound (a), u'-tse.

you woo, mi-ni'-gtho°. I have a wound on my foot, gi u-tse
wood, zho°. a-ki-u ha.
I chop wood, zho° a'-ge. wound (to), lj:i'-u.
you chop wood, zho"' tha-ge. I wounded him, a-lj;i'-u.

woodcock (a), to°-i°'. you wounded him, tha-ki-u.
shot woodcock, to^-i"' a-wa-ku-dse.
I
wound (to) with a weapon, i'-u.
wooden leg, zho"'-zhe ga-u-gthe. I wound, a'-u.
the soldier has a wooden leg, a'-ki-da j-ou wound, tha-u'.
a-ba zho°'-zhe-ga-u-gthe wi° a-thi°
wound (from a cut), u.
bi a.
wound (to), as to injure, ba-xtho'-ga.
woodpecker, bu'-xpa; pa-ga'-da-da-xe.
Iwounded, pa'-xtho-ga.
downy woodpecker, pa-bo' -gthi-ha-
you wounded, shpa'-xtho-ga.
ha.
we wounded, o°-ba'-xtho-ga i.
pileated woodpecker, wa-zhi°'-ga pa.
red-headed woodpecker, wa-zhi°'-ga
wrap (to), wa' -be-to °.
Iwrapped up the package, u-pe'-to°.
pa-zhu-dse; (2) bu'-xpa xo-dse;
you wrapped up the package,
(3) bo'-xpa-ni-dse gka.
u-shpe'-to°.
red-beUied woodpecker, shi°'-she-ga.
woods, u-xtha'-be. wrap (to wrap up anything), u-thi'-
woods, shi°.
let us take a walk in the
u-xtha'-be ge u-ba wi°-xe o°-ga-the wrath, wa-zhi° pi-zhi.
tse a tha. wreck by wind, ga-ta'-the.
wood tick, ta'-tha-ga-pa. the house was wrecked by wind, tsj
wool, ta-gka' hi°. ge ga-ta'-the.

woolen goods, ta-gka' hi" wa-to°. wren, zho°'-xthu-k'a u-pe (which see).
358 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull 109
wrench (to), u'-he-â-zhi thi-do". wrinkles, ba-5'i°'-tha; bi-be'-xo''-xo''.
I wrenched, u'-he-ga-zhi bthi-do°. I have wrinkles, i°-dse' tho" oo-^'i"-

you wrenched, u'-he-ga-zhi ni do°. tha.
we wrenched, u'-he-?a-zhi o^-thi wrinkles at the side of the mouth,
do" i. i'^he-dse bi-xo".
wrestle (to), mo"'-l>i-(;o"-dse. wrist, a'-u-sho"-sho"; (2) a-xi'-be.
the man likes to wrestle, mo°'-lj:i my wrist pains, a'-u-sho"-sho° tse
go-'-dse o° gi-tha-gthi hi a ni'-ka o"-ni-e ha.
shi-ga !i-ka. I
wristband, a'-ko"-ta.
wring (to) clothes for some one, write wa-gthe'-ge ga-xe.
(to),
i'-gi-thi-shki. I v.rite, wa-gthe'-5C pa-xe.
I wring the clothes, a-tlie-tse i-the'- i you write, wa-gthe'-ge shka-xe.

bthi-shki. we write, wa-gthe'-?e o"-ga-xa i.
j
yoii wring the clothes, a-the-tse \

wrong (not right), sho°' a-zhi".
i-tha'-ni-shki. j
wrongful, u-lji'o'' e'-go" zhi.
wrinkled, ts'i^-tha'. I
wrongfully, same as wrongful,
wrinkled (as the forehead), u-thi'-
j
wry, shto'-zha.
xtho". I
Wyandotte, Wo°'-da.
wrinkled (as the face), wa-thi'-ge- j
ge-be, I
yard measure, we'-lj:'u-tse. j

yield (to) through force continued —
yardstick, zho°'-xa we-^'u-tse. I
we forced him to yield, o°-ga'-hu-
yarrow, we'-ts'a-5i°-dsee-go". shi-ga i.
year, u-mo"'-i°-lja. yoke, zho"' ta-hiu k'o" ha (which see).

I
one year, u-mo"'-i"-lj;a wi". I

yolk (of an egg), pa'-ta gi thi°-kshe.
two years, u-mc'-i^-ka tho'-'ba. yonder, thi'-dsi; (2) she'-thu.
five years, T]-mo"'-i°-lja ga-to". yonder is the town, thi'-dsi to"-!" thi°
yell, ho'-fa-gi. kshe e-e to "-wo" tho".
I yelled, a-ho'-â-gi. you, ba, thi'-e.
you yelled, tha-ho'-ga-gi. young, wa-hu'-lj'a; zhi°'-ga.
yellow, <;i. you are young, wa-thi'-hu-k'a.
yellow-hammer (bird), go^'-gi-ga. younger brother, wi-go°'-ga (which
yellowish, gi e-go°, u-ga'-gi-gi-hi. I see); (2) i-go»'-ga.
yelp (as a dog), u'-hu-hu. ! I spoke to a younger brother, wi-go"'-
yes, 0°; (m. sp.) ho-we; (w. sp.) ho-ve. ga u-wa gi-lji-e.
yesterday, gi-do'-dsi. j
your, thi-ta.
I went to the doctor's yesterday, gi- your horse, ka'-wa thi-ta.
do'-dsi wa-l>o"-da-gi thi°-kshe d.si your house, tsi thi-ta.
pshi. your child, zhi"-ga' zhi°-ga thi-ta.
yield (to) through force, a-hu'-shi-ge. youth, shi°-to; (2) ni'-â-shi-ga wa-ho'-
I him to yield, a'-a-hu-shi-ge.
forced If'a.
you forced him to yield, a'-tha-hu-

shi-ge.
zephyr, ta-dse' wa-shta-ge. zigzag, ba-sho°'-sho°.

APPENDIX
Days and Months

NAMES OF DAYS
Monday, Ho"'-ba pa-ho°-gthe.
Tuesday, Ho°'-ba we-tho°-ba.
Wednesday, Ho°'-ba we-tha-bthi°.
Thursday, Ho'^'-ba we-do-ba.
Friday, Ta-tha'-ta-zhi ho'^'-ba.
Saturday, Ho'^'-ba u-ga-xe thi°-ge.
Sunday, Ho°'-ba Wa-ko"-da-gi.
NAMES OF MONTHS
January, Ho°'-ba-stse-dse.
Februar}^, Mi'-u-ko°-dsi.
March, Mi-u'-k'o°-dsi thi°-ge.
April, I'-wa-bi; Wa-a'-bi.
May, Hiu'-wa-thi-xtha-xtha zhu-dsa bi; Xtha-gka zhi°-ga tse-the.
June, Tse-do-ga Mo°-no°-xa bi; Tse'-do-ga gi-shi° bi.
July, Tse-ki'-the-xa bi.
August, Xtha-gi-bi.
September, To°-m pa-ho°-gthe kshe; Xtha-gi-btho-ga-gi; Ta-bi-
gpa-bi.
October, Ta'-ki-thi-xa-bi.
November, Ta-he'-ba-xo°-bi; Mi-ka'-ki-thi-xa bi.
December, Wa-ga'-be we-da-tha bi.
Description of Wi-gi-es
E-no°' Mi^-dse-tJO" wi'-gi-e, Ritual of the Owners of the Bow (gens)
This gens is also of the Wa-zha-zhe subdinsion and has for its
symbol the right side of the river, also the left side of the river, which
shall free them from all causes of death. Reference is also made in
this ritual to the redfish, the blackfish, the otter, the beaver, and the
willow that never dies. These all have a symbolic significance.
(See 36th Ann. Kept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 98-100, lines 11-25,
27-30, 32-34, 37-40, 45-48, 67-94.)
359
360 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bill, loo
Hi'-qa-da Wi-pi-e, Leg Outstretched Ritual or Story
This stor3^ refers directly to the eagle leg attached to the wa-xo-be
which belongs to the various gens. This is told by the I"-gtho"-ga
(Pinna) gens, which is closely related to the Hi'-ga-da gens. In this
story reference is made to the difficulties the searcher had for the foe,
liow he crossed and passed into valleys and after much suffering in
bodj'^ he returns with swift strides, telling of the herds of animals
he has found, of great size and curved horns, and of people he saw
tattooed, who were supplied with sharp weapons, and they saw he was
alarmed, so the antlers of the deer were made to symbolize the weapons
as they traveled through life.
Ho"'-ba Tha-gthi" Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Peaceful Day gens
This gens is of the Tsi'-zhu division and has for its life symbols
the earth, the overreaching sky. These signify that all anger and
violence have been removed. (See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer.
Ethn., p. 127, lines 80-94.)
Hc-be'-QU Wi-gi-e, Moccasin Ritual
This ritual is the Tsi'-zhe Wa-no" version of the Ni-ki rites. Refer-
ence is made to the red and black bowdder to be used as foot symbols,
so that their feet may not be pierced or bruised as they wâlk; for
strings to their moccasins the red-breasted leech shall be the symbol,
which has great strength; also the black-breasted leech shall be used
as a symbol for the moccasin string. Throughout the ritual reference
is made to the yellow and dark bowdder for feet and the yellow and
dark breasted leech for strings for the moccasins.
Ho"'-ga A-hiu-to" Wi'-gi-e, The Ritual of the Winged Ho"'-ga gens
This gens is of the Ho"'-ga subdivision. In its ritual reference is
made to its life symbols, the golden eagle, the bird without a stain,
which is a means of protection to the people of this gens. (See 36th
Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 104-105, lines S-32.)
Ho"'-ga U-â-no"-dsi Wi-gi-e, The Ritual of the Isolated Ho"'-ga
This gens is one of the Wa-shta-ge subdivision, and among their

life symbols mention is made in the ritual of the tse'-xo-be (the
spider)and refers to the snare it makes to entrap; other symbols are

mentioned in this ritual, as the buffalo bull, the
spreading adder, the
bull snake, the blacksnake, and the rattlesnake. (See 36th Ann.
Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 102-104, lines 13-16, 22-27, 32-37, 42-49,
">3-59, 63-82.)
LAFLEscHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 361
Ho"' I-ni-ka-shi-ga Wi-gi-e, The Ritual of the Night People gens
This gens is of the Tsi'-zhu division. In this ritual reference is

made to theBlack Bear as a Hfe symbol, and the symbol of the char-
coal is to be the black on the bear's feet, on his nose, and that part
of his body having black spots. The Wa-ga'-be-to° gens of the Ho°'-
ga subdivision also used these as their symbols. (See 36th Ann.
Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 123-124, lines 8-24.)
r-ba-t;se Ta-dse Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Winds gens

This gens is of the Ho°'-ga subdivision. This gens has as its life
symbol the Ho°'-ga Gthe-zhe (the great spotted eagle), which signi-
fies that they shall win compassion and their prayers shall be granted,
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 118, lines 11-22.)
I°-gtho°'-ga Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Puma gens
This gens is of the Ho°'-ga subdivision. The life symbol of this

gens is the puma (male). It is closely related to the sun, the great Hfe
symbol, and the relentless fire of which the charcoal is emblematic.
Reference in the ritual is made to the great red bowlder, a symbol of
power and strength; the male star and the white bowlder and numer-
ous plants are taken as symbols of power and strength. (See 36th
Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 108, lines 8-11, 16-24; p. 109, lines
51-59.)
Ki'-no° wi-gi-e, Painting Ritual
This is the version of the Tsi'-zhe division. In this ritual is a refer-

ence to the arranging of four stones and the gathering of small dead
branches, placing them in the crevices of the stones and setting fire to
them; the black sky became aglow with red; this was the symbol
color for painting the face. Reference is made to the red shield
which shall protect the people as they come against the enemy. At
the close of this ritual three songs are sung which relate to the actions
of the persons going through the ceremony, appealing to the living
Power. The second ritual recited after songs of the symbols contains
references to the hair of theyoung buffalo that is to be used as sym-
bols for the girdle,and around the neck; the mussel shell is to be
the symbol for the gorget pendant, and the waves, the hollow bed,
and the ripples of the river are to be the life symbols for calm and
peaceful days as the people reach old age. (See 36th Ann. Rept.
Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 247, 286)
Mi-k'i"'wa-no° Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Sun Carrier gens
This gens is of the Tsi'-zhu division and has for its life symbol the
god of day and the god of night, the male star, the evening star, and
—
362 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bill. 109
llie rays (six) of the sun, for counting the war honors accurately.
Like the Tsi-zhu Wa-no", the sun is the Ufe symbol and the rays are
for the accurate counting. (See 36th Ann. Kept. Bur. Amer, Ethn.,
pp. 122-123, lines 6-15, 19-27, 30-36, 39-44, 48-58.)
Mo°'-8hko° Wi'-gi-e, The Ritual of the Crawfish gens
These people are In their ritual refer-

of the Ho°'-ga subdivision.
ence is made to the life symbol as the Crawfish, who gave
to the people
four difl'erent colored clays for symbolic use in the war ceremonies.
Reference is also made in the ritual to the cloven hand (claw), which
shall be a sAanbol of the forked poles that ma}^ be used for any purpose,
when going against the enemy. (See 36th Ann. Kept. Bur. Amer.
Ethn., pp. 116-118, lines 27-31, 38-42, 45-50, 55-59, 63-66, 71-78.)
Mo°-thi'»'-the-do"-ts'a-ge Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Aged Pelican
This is one of three rituals in the No^'-zhi^-zho" Wi-gi-e Ritual of the

Chief's Vigil and refers to a mystical revelation during the night; in
this reference is made to the pelican, the life symbol of the Chief of
the Ho°-ga tribal division; the second wi-gi-e is entitled Ho°-ga Wa-
gthi°-ts'a-gc, The Very Aged Eagle, which is also a symbolic bird of
this tribe; and the third wi-gi-e is entitled the Mo°-5e Wi-gi-e, or the
Metal Ritual, and refers to steel needles or awls as scarifiers instead
of wing bones of the two birds.
Ni'-ka Wa-ko^-da-gi Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Men of Mystery gens

This is one of the In this ritual mention is made
Tsi'-zhii division.
of the red metal, the loose, black,and rough metal, the yellow metal,
and the flint corn and hailstones to be used as symbols for a long life.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 133, lines 9-12, 16-19,
24-29,33-36,44-51.)
Ni'-ki No^-k'o" rite. The Hearing of the Sayings of the Ancient Men
This degree ceremony belongs to the I^-gtho^'-ga (Puma) gens and
the version is by that gens. Other gens have the rite but under
different title. This being an exceptionally long ritual, only reference
to certain parts can be given. In all the symbols mentioned there is a
reference to long life, peaceful and calm days, and abundance of food.
Following are some of the symbols: The god of day; the stages of life;
the god of night; the morning and evening star; the immature golden
eagle; the radiant star, to represent the upper region, the skj'. Those
representing the water are the water spider, the water beetle, and the
white leech. The earth is represented by the Great Elk, who calls
to the four winds. The Little earth brings forth lour kinds of soil
—
the dark, the blue, the red, and the yellow of which the people are
to make their symbols; also the earth brings forth four bowlders,
LAVLEscHEj OSAGE DICTIONARY 363
symbols of power — the and the yellow bowl-

red, the black, the white,
ders. The and the friable rock are also to be used as
soft yellow
symbols; the roots and plants were brought forth to be used as sym-
bolic food. Thus in this wd-î-e we find many symbols used for long
life.
Ni'-ki No°-k'o° Wi-gi-e, Rite of the Hearings of the Sayings of the Ancient
Men
This is the version of the Wa-ga'-be gens. In this wi-gi-e the
Black Bear gens does not mention the four great gods, nor the eagle as
leading the people down from the sky; neither is mention made of the
Radiant Star, but the Puma acts as messenger in this gens version.
Reference is made to the Great Elk as the being who made the waters
to depart and gave the four colored soils of the earth —
the dark, the
red, the blue, and the yellow —
while the Puma version gives the
Crawfish as the doner of these soils in this version of the rite the neck
;
of the white swan is to be the symbolic war standard of the people;

the Puma gens makes the antlers of the deer to be the standard.
No-'-ni' A-tha-shu-dse Wi'gi-e, H-itual of the Four Symbolic Animals

(Tsi'zhu Wa-shta-ge)
Ho! What shall they use as a symbol of their courage, said the people.
The little mottled lynx,
Which they knew to be great in courage they chose to use as a symbol,
Saying that if they use the lynx as a symbol of courage,
They shall becomxC known for their valor.
Then the lynx spake, saying: Behold my hands in which there is
strength.
When they use these hands as symbols of strength.
Their hands shall ever be upon the foe.
At break of day,
Withm the bend of a river.
The lynx suddenly rushed forth to an attack,
Upon a young deer.
Which he threw to the ground, where it lay Kfeless and bent.
Whereupon he uttered a cry of triumph.
And spake, saying: Thus shall the Uttle ones utter a cry of triumph
over the fallen foe.
Thus he made four cuts to stand for all time.
Ho! What shall they use as a sj'^mbol of their courage, the people said.
The gray wolf.
Which they knew to be great in courage, they chose to use as a symbol,
Saying that if they use the gray wolf as a symbol of courage
They shall become known for their valor.
67025—32 24
364 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. ll)«
'PluMi tlio gray wolf spako, snyin^:: Boliold my liands in which there is
strenp:(h.
Wlion thoy use these liands as symbols of strength,
Their hands shall ever be upon tlie foe.
At break of da}',
Within the bend of a river.
The gray wolf suddenlj^ rushed forth to an attack,
l^pon a deer with spiked horns.
Which he threw to the ground, where it lay bent and lifeless.
Whereupon he uttered a cry of triumph,
And spake, saying: Thus shall the little ones utter a cry of triumph
Thus he made four cuts to stand for all time to come.
Ho! What shall they use as a symbol of their courage, said the people.
The male puma,
Which they knew to be great in courage, they chose to use as a symbol,
Saying that if they use the puma as a symbol of courage,
The puma spake, saying Behold these hands in which
: there is strength.
When they use these hands as symbols of strength.
At break of day.
The puma rushed forth to an attack.
Within the bend of a river,
Upon a deer with dark horns.
Which he threw to the ground, where it lay bent and lifeless,
'Whereupon he uttered a cry of triumph.

WTiat shall they use as a symbol of their courage, the people asked.
The male black bear that is without blemish,
\Vhich they knew to be great in courage, they chose to use as a symbol,
Saying, that if they use the black bear as a symbol of courage,
The black bear spake, saying: Behold my hands in which there is
strength.
When they use these hands as symbols of strength,
The black bear rushed to the forest,
Where stood a hummock of some size,
W^hich he tore apart.
And all the insects dwelling therein
He crushed between his teeth,
Whereupon he uttered a cry of triumph,

over the fallen foe, as they travel the path of life.
(See 39th Ann. Kept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 245-247, lines 1-60.)
Legends
Qka'-gthe, the White Plume (Tsi'-zhu version)
Of the god of day,

I, have made my symbol.
as a person,
There is a god who never fails to appear at the beginning of day,
The god who lies as though dipped in red (dawn).
Of that god I have made my symbol.
By the side of the god who never fails to appear (the sun).
Even at his left side.
Stands a plumelike shaft of light.
Of this plume I have made my symbol.
When the little ones make their plumes of this shaft of light,
They shall live to see old age.
Having their plumes like the shaft of light.
Their symbolic plumes shall never droop.
Also at the right side of the god who never fails to appear (the sun)
Stands another plumelike shaft of light.
When the little ones use these shafts of light.
Their symbolic plumes shall never droop as they travel the path of life.
(See 36th Ann. Kept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 126, lines 57-80.)
Ho°'-ba tha-gthi", Peaceful days
I, as a person, make my abode in the days that are peaceful and calm.
When the little ones make of me their symbols.
They shall also dwell as a people in the days that are calm and
peaceful.
Ihave removed all signs of anger.
With me as their symbol
They shall be able to remove from the gods
All sign of anger.
Even from removed all anger and violence.
the god of daylight have I
Verily from all removed all anger.
the gods have I
So when the little ones make of me their symbol
They shall enable themselves to remove all anger and violence as
they travel the path of life.
366 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY Ibull io»
Ho"'-ba wa-Qu, God of cloudless day
To the god of cloudless day the people spake,

Saying;: O grandfather,
The littleones have nothing of which to make a symbol.
lie replied, saying: I am the only great god;
They shall make of me their symbol.
Then shall they enable themselves to see old age.
The four divisions of days (stages of life)
They shall enable themselves to reach and enter.
Their days shall be calm and peaceful.
Mi-xa gka, the great white swan (version of the Puma gens)
There is the great white swan;

Of this shall the little ones make their symbol.
The great white swan spake, saying: When the little ones make of
me their symbols
Let them know that of all living creatures
None are equal in strength of wings.
When I make a flight, even before half of the day has passed,
I am on the further side of the lake.
Swinging up and down upon the waves of the water.
When the little ones make of me their symbols,
Their arms shall become strong as are my wings.
To the four great divisions of the days (stages of life)
They shall succeed in bringing themselves,
They shall enable themselves to live to see old age,
By making of me their symbols.
They shall see old age as they travel the path of life.
Mo°-hi"' ts'a-zhi, Grass that never'dies (Sedge)
Behold the grass that never dies (the sedge);

When the ones make of it the means to reach old age,
little
They shallalways live to see old age.

I, myself, have made it to be the means to reach old age.
Behold the bend of my shoulders (Drooping sedge),

Behold the white blossoms on the top of the stalks,
Which I have made to be the means of reaching old age.
The little ones shall reach old age
And see their scanty locks turn yellowish with age
As have these blossoms.
With me as their symbol the little ones shall reach old age,
Mo"-ko"' Ni-ka-shi-ga, Man Medicine (Cucurbita perennis)
In the presence of the Mo°-ko°' Ni-ka-shi-ga, Man Medicine,

They came and stood.
Saying: Shall this plant be a medicine to the little ones.
The grandfather replied: When the Httle ones use this plant as
medicine
When the people use this plant also for medicine,
They shall enable themselves to see old age.
0"-po° To°-ga, the Great Elk
The puma came suddenly upon the male elk,

Who stood upon the earth.
He returned in haste to his elder brothers.
Who said to him: O younger brother!
He replied: O elder brothers, I went forth and came upon a man
who stands there.
In response they said to him,
Whomever the man may be who stands yonder,
We will send him to the abode of the spirits.
With heads bent they hastened to the man,
With the index finger moistened in the mouth, they were ready to
slay the stranger.
Quickening their footsteps they went forth.
With heads inclined they stood before him.
The male elk hastened to say,
I am a Ho°'ga,
I am O-po'' To°-ga, the great elk,
I ama person who is never absent from an important act.
0'po° To°-ga, great elk,
Is a name that I have taken to myself.
I am a person who can be made use of as a symbol.
In the midst of the east wind.
In the midst of the north wind.
He threw himself upon the earth.
As he stood the sky became calm and peaceful,
And gentle as though touched with gentle hands.
As he threw him.self in the midst of the north wand.
He swept away all traces of anger
From the god above (Overarching heaven).
Throwing himself upon the earth.
In the midst of the south wind.
He cleansed the land, from every part of the earth.
Of all anger.
Again he threw himself upon the earth.

When he arose to his feet,
He left the surface of the earthcovered with the hairs of his bod}-.
These, he said, arc the grasses of the earth;
I have scattered them so that the animals may appear in their midst.
Once more he threw himself upon the earth.
When he arose he stood with his rumps toward the people,
Saying: These ball-like muscles of my rumps,
They are the round hills of the earth.
Behold the right side of my body,
It is the level lands of the earth.
Behold the ridge of my back.
It is the ridge of the earth.
Behold the curve of my neck.
It is the gaps in the ridges of the earth.
Behold the tip of my nose,
It is the peaks of the earth.
Behold the bases of my antlers,
They are the loose rocks of the earth.
Behold the branches of my antlers.
They are the branches of the rivers.
Behold the small tines of my antlers.
They are the creeks of the earth.
Behold the large tines of my antlers.
They are the large streams that arc dotted here and there with forests.
Behold the largest part of my antlers.
They are the rivers.
All these I have made my bodj^ to represent.
When the ones go forth to hunt,
little
Even before the break of day.

They shall see the animals appear.
And in the evening of the day
The}'- shallalways see the animals appear.
All the people shall make use of me as a symbol.
She'-ki, Rattlesnake (Life symbol)
The great snake (rattle)

From amidst the bunches of tall grass
Caused itself tobe heard by making a buzzing sound.
Then it spake, saying:
Even though the little ones pass into the realms of spirits.
They shall, by clinging to me and using my strength, recover con-
sciousness.
The great snake
LAFiEscHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 369
Made a sound like the blowing wind

Close to the feet (of the sick).
He repeatedly sounded his rattle as he stood.
Close to the head (of the sick)
He repeatedly sounded his rattle.
Toward the east winds
He repeatedly sounded his rattle
Toward the west winds
Toward the winds from the cedars (the north)
Then spake, saying: Even though the little ones pass into the realm
of spirits,
They shall always with my aid bring themselves back to consciousness.
The four divisions of the days
They shall reach successfully.
And then into the days of peace and beauty
They shall always make their entrance.
Tse' wa-the, root of the Nelumbo lutea
The Puma strode away forthwith

And came middle of the lake,
to the
Where, within its bed of mud, lay the tse' wa-the.
With a quick mxovement of his foot he lifted the root from its bed of
soft earth.
Then in haste he brought it home to the people,
Saying: How will this serve as a symbol, O elder brothers?
With eager haste the people munched the root.
And, like milk, its juice squirted out as they pressed it between their
teeth.
They spake, saying: It is fit for the Httle ones to use as food.
The little ones shall use this for food.
The people of the Wa-zha'-zhe, those of the Tsi'-zhu,
Shall always use this root for food.
The people said to one another: Verily, we shall make the young bull
And this plant to be companions, O younger brothers.
When the little ones eat of these foods,
Their limbs shall always stretch in grow^th.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. Ill, lines 121-140.)
U'-xthi-thi^-ge, No Anger
The fsi'-zhu, a people who possess seven fireplaces,
Spake to one of the loi'-zhu (gentes),

370 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY Ihii.i.. km.
Saying: Verily, a person (gens) who stands having no anger or violence.

grandfather, the little ones have nothing of which to moke their
symbols.
No Anger (the subgens of that name) replied:
1 am a person (a people) of whom the little ones may well make their
symbols.
I am a person whose being abides in the moist, vibrating air of the
earth.
They shall enable themselves to become a people of moist, vibrating
air of the earth;
Their days shall be calm and peaceful.
(See'seth Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 128, lines 104-118.)
Wa-ga'-be ni-dse hi-wa-gpe, hibernating of the Black Bear (Life symbol)
Verily at that time and place,

Close to the period of the seven moons,
The Black Bear sat to rest her body.
As she sat she thought: Even now I have reached the end of a great
division of days.
In every direction she heard the voices of birds.
Heard them calling to one another as she sat.
Again she thought, I have reached the end of a division of days.
Swarms of little insects,
She saw swiftly flying hither and thither in the air;
Again she thought of the great division of days,
Saying: Behold I have come to Wa-V:o°'-da;
These little ones
Must dwell in the great division of days.
Gathering them (the little ones) up in her arms,
She held them up to the great god of day, newly risen,
Saying, O Venerable Father! these little ones have now become
persons;
Give them strength to bring themselves to see old age as they travel
the path of life.
Wa-ko"'-da Hiu-dse' â, the goddess of the lower region (earth)
The people spake goddess of the lower region,

to the
Saying: O
grandmother.
The little ones have nothing of which to mak? their symbols.
The goddess of the lower region (earth) replied:
The little ones shall make of me their symbols.
;
When they make of me their symbols,

They shall enable themselves to see old age,
And verily, an unbroken line of descendants they shall live to see.
When the people of the Wa-zha' zhe, the Ho°'-ga and the Tsi' zhu
Make of me their symbols.
Children, in an unbroken line of births, they shall live to see.
The four great divisions of the days,
They shall enable themselves to reach and enter,
The days that are calm and peaceful,
Wa-ko°'-da Ho°-no°-pa-5e, the goddess of darkness
The people spake to the goddess of darkness,

Saying: O
grandmother.
The little ones have nothing of which to make their symbols.
Quicklj^ the goddess of darkness replied, O little ones,
You say the little ones have nothing of which to make their symbols.
The little ones shall make their symbols of me;
They shall then enable themselves to live to see old age.
The people of the Wa-zha'-zhe, the Ho°-ga, and the Tsi'-zhu
Shall make of me their symbols.
When they make of me their symbols,
The four great divisions of the days
Little Ones,
An unbroken Hne of descendants they shall live to see,
In the days that are calm and peaceful.
They shall abide as a people.
Wa-ko°'-da Mo°-shi-t;a, God of the upper region (sky)
The people spake to the god of the upper region (Sky),

Saying: O grandfather.
The little ones have become a people.
The god of the sky replied: The little ones shall make of me their
symbols
Then shall they enable themselves to live to see old age.
So shall the Wa-zha'-zhe, the Ho°'-ga, and the Tsi'-zhu,
By making of me their symbols,
Live to see old age.
;
372 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull, low
Wa'-no"-8do-dse Wi-pi-e, Ritual of the Act of Slipping off the Moccasins

(Puma gens)
Upon what shtill wo slij) off our moccasins?

Toward the setting of the sun,
There is an adolescent youth •
Upon whom we shall always slip off our moccasins.

When we slip off our moccasins upon the adolescent youth
Wc shall make it possible to slip off with ease our moccasins.
Upon what shall we slip off our moccasins?
There is an adolescent maiden
When wc slip oft' our moccasins upon the adolescent maiden,
We shall make it possible to slip off with ease our moccasins, my
younger brothers.
There is a man honored for his military prowess,
Upon whom wê shall always slip off our moccasins.
When wê slip oft" our moccasins upon the man honored for his military
prowess,
We shall make it possible to slip off w4th ease our moccasins.
Toward the setting of the sun.
There is a woman who has given birth to her first child,
When wê slip off our moccasins upon the woman who has given birth
to her first child,
We shall make it possible to slip off wdth ease our moccasins, mj^
younger brothers, they said to one another.
Paraphrases of Wi-gi-es
0°-ba Tha'gthi" Wi'gi-e, Ritual of Peaceful Day (of the Tsi'zhu gens)
Verily, my abode days that are calm and peaceful.

is in the
When the little ones make of me their symbols (their life),
They shall become a people of the days that are ever serene.
From each of the great gods
I verily remove all traces of anger and violence.
They shall have power to remove from the gods
All anger and the desire for destruction.
From the god of the lower world (the earth)
From the god of hght who standeth in the midst of heaven;
From the god of the upper world (the overreaching sky),
I have power to remove all anger and violence.

When the little ones make ofme their symbols,
They also shall have power to remove from the gods all anger.
When the little ones of the Wa-zha'-zhe (subdivision)
And those of the Ho°'ga (subdivision)
Make of me their symbols,
They shall have power to remove from all lands,
All anger, hatred, and violence.
(No Anger is also my name.)
I am a person of whom the little ones may well make their symbols.
My abode is in the midst of the earth's warm, quivering air.

They shall become a people of the earth's quivering air.
Verily in the days that are gentle and peaceful,

I make my abode.
They shall become a people of the days that are gentle and peaceful.
Of a little yellow flower,
I have made my body;
The little Ba-shta', that stands amidst the winds,
I have made my body.
to be
When the ones make of the Ba-shta' their symbols.
little
They shall live together without anger, without hatred.

O'-po" Wi-gi-e, The Bitual of the Elk gens
This gens is of the Ho°'-ga subdivision and has the Great Elk as
symbol. It is a symbol of the entire earth and was instru-
its life
mental in making it a suitable abode. In the ritual he causes the
waters to recede and the land to appear and become habitable;
he makes the grasses to grow so that animals may become plentiful
for the benefit of man; the elk is a symbol in the rites pertaining
both to peace and war. It is the symbol of the Wa-zha'-zhe and
Tsi'-zhu people. (See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp.
113-115.)
Pe'xe Thu-§a bi Wi'-gi-e, Ritual of the Taking up the Rattle (Puma gens)
What shall they use for a rattle? the people said.

It is a head that they shall use as a rattle.
Verily, it is not a head that is spoken of.
The male puma that lies outstretched upon the earth,

It is his head
That they shall use as a rattle.
When they shall use the head of the male puma as a rattle,
And go toward the setting sun, against their enemies,
They shall, by its use, easily overcome their foes.
374 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull, loo
they use for seeds (gravel put into the gourd) for the rattle?
AVhftl sliall
The male puma that lies outstretched upon the earth,
It is the teeth of his right jaw,
That they shall use as seeds for their rattles.
When they use the teeth of the male puma as seeds for their rattle^-.,
Then, indeed, the sound of their rattles shall be clear.
What shall they use as a handle for their rattle?
The male puma that lies outstretched upon the earth.
It is his right foreleg
That handle for their rattle.
thej^ shall use for a
When they use the lower right leg of the male puma as a handle for
their rattle.
They shall make themselves to be free from all causes of death.
Behold the fine dust within the rattle;

That dust also
fine
Is not without a purpose.
Toward the setting of the sun
There are people who possess things that are numerous.
Verily I have made this dust to represent all those things.
Beliold the opening at the top of the rattle.

That opening also
Is not made without a purpose.
The little ini5ects (all living creatures).
Itmatters not wiiose little ones they may be.
We shall cause them to fall into this openhig, as though into a snare.
The}^ gave a menacing stroke to the rattle.
Toward the adolescent youth who dwells in that direction.
They gave a menacing stroke,
And said When they give a menacing stroke such
: as. this,
They shall strike with ease their enemies.

When they conjure their enemies with the rattle,
They shall conjurethem with ease, O younger brothers.
For a second time they gave a menacing stroke with the rattle.
Toward the setting of the sun.
Toward the adolescent maiden who dwells in that direction,
And said : When
they give a menacing stroke such as this,
They with ease their enemies.

shall strike
When they conjure their enemies with the rattle.
They shall conjure them with ease.
LA FLKscHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 375
For a third time they gave a menacing stroke ^^dth the rattle.
Toward the man who is honored for his mihtary prowess, who dwells
in that direction,
And said : When
they give a menacing stroke such as this.
They with ease their enemies.
shall strike
When they conjure their enemies with the rattle.
They shall conjure them with ease.
For the fourth time they gave a menacing stroke with their rattle.
Toward the woman who has given birth to her first child, who dwells
in that direction,
And said : When they give a menacing stroke such as this,
Thej^ shall strike with ease their enemies with the rattle.
When they conjure their enemies with the rattle, as they travel the
path of life.
They shall conjure them v/ith ease, O younger brothers.

(See 39th Ann. Kept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 115-117.)
Ta I-ni-ka-shi-ga Wi'-gi-e, The Ritual of the Deer People
These are of the Wa-zha-zhe subdivision, and their ritual refers to

the Uttle animal (the deer) as the symbol of which they are to make
their bodies. The various parts of the deer are referred to as proper
symbols for the people of the seven fireplaces to take for power to
overcome the enemy. Reference is also made to the oak trees and
the bunches of grass found where the deer has trod. (See 36th Ann.
Kept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 96-97, lines 10-79, 92-98.)
Ta Wa-tho°, Deer Songs
These songs are part of the Ni-ki No°-k'o° rite and belong to the
I°-gtho°-ga (Puma) gens and is their version. There are six of these
songs and they follow the ritual of the Hearing of the Sayings of the
Ancient Men. The first song refers to the hunter as he stands waiting
for the deer, while the sister remains at home wishing a doe might be
shot by the brother; the second refers to the anxiety and hope that
the brother will succeed; the third refers to the relief of mind, as the
sister thinks of the actual shooting of a deer by her brother; the fourth
refers to the wounding of a deer by the hunter as he pursues it; the
fifth refers to the cutting of the skin of the deer into shape for clothing;
and the sixth refers to the success of the hunter. The mention of
sister and brother in these songs is in the generic sense only.
376 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (bull. io»
Tho'-xe Pa thi-ho" Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Buffalo Bull gens
This is of the Tsi'-zhu division. In the ritual rofercnce is made to

the thrusting of a red pkime, by the Tsi'-zhu Wa-shta-ge, into a
Buffalo Bull, who was subdued and is called Tho'-xe, and who, being
I)ersonified, speaks to the people, and with quick motion brings forth
certain bulbous roots, which shall be not only synibolic medicine but
also used as sacred names by them. These symbols shall be for long
life to those who use them. (See 3Gth Ann. Kept. Bur. Amer. Ethn.,
pp. 131-135, beginning line 9.)
To"-wo" A-d.o"-be wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Overseer of the Village
In this wi-gi-e (ritual) there are five parts; in the first, reference is
made to the priestly office; the second is an appeal to the god of
cloudless day, which is pure and free from anger and liatred; the
third is an address to the goddess of darkness, who possesses the power
of reproduction, and the people appeal to her for aid, so that the
little ones may be able to reach maturity successfully; the fourth
is an appeal to the god of the upper region (sky). To him the

people appeal for aid in leading others along paths of peace. The
fifth and last part of the ritual is an appeal to the goddess of the lower
region (earth), who possesses power to bring forth life. The people
appeal to her for peace and prosperity. (See 36th Ann. Kept. Bur.
Amer. Ethn., pp. 147-151, lines 11-18, 30-40, 50-55, 64-82.)
Tse-do'-ga I°-dse, The Buffalo Face gens
This gens is of the Tsi'-zhu division. It has no ritual, but its

presence is necessary in this ceremony to complete the tableau of the
sky, the great bodies that move therein, and the animal life iii the
earth to which they are related. This gens occupies the second place
in the ceremonial order of the gentes composing the Tsi'-zhu division,
but its members remain silent throughout the ceremony. The office
of this gens is to perform the ceremony of cutting into shape the sym-
bolic buffalo-skin moccasins and to recite the wi-gi-e relating to them.
Tse Mi-ga Wi'-gi-e, The Ritual of the Female Buffalo
O younger brothers,
The little ones have no ceremonial articles.
Then to the one who had made of the Puma his body.
They spake, saying: O younger brother,
We bid 3ôu go and search for material for making them.
As these words were spoken the Puma hastened away.
:
LAFLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 377
Then the people spake, saying: There are signs that our younger
brother is returning.
Stumbling again and again as he hastens homeward,

Some of the brothers hurried to him and spake.
Saying: O younger brother.
To their inquiries the Puma replied
Verily, an animal of some kind
Stands yonder, O elder brothers,
Of formidable appearance, with cloven feet; "
It has horns upon its head.

Then the people spake to one another, saying: O elder brothers,
Our younger brother has come home in great alarm.
He has seen an animal standing yonder
That is fear-inspiring in appearance.
An animal with cloven feet and horns upon its head.

Make haste, said the people;
We are a people who spare none of the foe,
A people who are never absent from any important movement.
It matters not whoseone that animal may
little be,
We shall send him abode of spirits.
to the
They moved forward with quickened footsteps.
At the fourth ceremonial pause.
The Puma spake, saying: There it stands, O elder brothers.
The people drew near and stood in line.
They spake, saying: It is a female;
We shall make of the animal the sacred articles we need.
Even its skin
We shall consecrate to ceremonial use, O elder brothers.
Behold the length of its back, even it is
Fit for ceremonial use.

Out of its skin we shall make ceremonial robes.
To commemorate the consecration of the skin to ceremonial use.
We shall take from it a personal name.
The-sacred-robe shall be the name bestowed upon our little ones.
Woman-of-the-spine shall also be a personal name.
The horns also, that spread out, shall be a personal name.
Even its head shall be referred to in personal name.
Maker-of-the-head we shall use as a personal name.
Tse Tho°-ka Wi-gi-e, The Ritual of the Buffalo Back gens
This gens is In the ritual mention is made

of the Tsi'-zhu division.
of the Buffalo back as being personified and tells the people to make
of him their symbol. (See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p.
132, lines 3-11.)
Tse Wa-tho", Buffalo Songs
This is the opening song in the ceremony of Instructions to the

Wife of the Initiate. Reference is made to Wi-tsi'-go (grandfather),
which is a term of veneration; the second of these songs relates to the
activities of the animal when it has attained maturity. The call in
these songs is to the himian race as well as to the Initiate and his wife.
(See 3Gth Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 142-143, free translations
of songs.)
Tsi-'zhu Wa-no" Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Elder Household gens
This gens is The life symbol of this gens

of the Tsi'-zhu division.
is the sun's (Mi Ga-gthe-ge). Reference is made in the ritual
raj'-s
of this god of day and its thirteen rays, the wâr symbols of this gens;
the morning and evening stars and the pileated woodpecker are also
referred to as symbols to be used by the people. (See 36th Ann.
Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 119-122, lines 9-21, 26-34, 40-51,
58-73.)
Tsi'-zhu We-ha-ge Wi-gi-e, The Ritual of the Last Tsi'-zhu gens
In this v,i-gi-e (ritual) reference is made symbol which is

to the life
the red black bear. As in the rituals of the Wa-ga-be-to" and the
Ho° I-ni-ka-shi-ga, so in this of the Tsi'-zhu We-ha-ga mention is
made of the dark color of the feet, the tip of the nose, and the dark
spots on the body w^hich are to be used as symbols to insure a long
life, and of which they are to make their charcoal. (See 36th Ann.
Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 130-132.)
U'-xthi Thi"-ge Wi'-gi-e, The Ritual of the No Anger gens
This gens is of the Tsi'-zhu division. In this ritual reference is
made to the Peace Pipe as a symbol; also reference is made to a

life
little yellow flower; to the red, blue, speckled, and yellow corn as
symbolic food for the people, signifying a ripe old age will be reached
by them and they wîll have peace and calmness. (See 36th Ann.
Rept. Bur. Amer." Ethn., pp. 128-129, lines 123-129, 135-139, 143-
151, 154-165.)
Wa-5a'-be-to" Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Black Bear gens
The symbol is the Black Boar; of this they are to make

of this gens
their charcoal, which is designated by the black on the feet, the tip
of the nose, and the various parts of its body. Mention is also made
in this ritual to the White Swan, of which they are to use the black of
its feet and the tip of its beak as a symbol for their charcoal. (See
36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 105-107, lines 3-34, 50-63.)
;

Wa-sa'-be Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Black Bear (a life symbol of the Black
Bear gens)
The bear moved on with quickened footsteps

To a valley where he paused and stood.
To this time he had not found a place wherein to rest.
He longed to sit down,
But moved about perplexed and bewildered.
He knew he must rest for a period of seven months,
But knew not where or how.
He gathered together some small stones
And arranged them in a pile.
Seven in number were the stones
He had gathered together and arranged in a pile
Whereon to rest.
Nevertheless he rested not.
Then, even as he moved away,
He spake, saying: This act also
I have not performed without a purpose.
When the little ones go toward the setting sun against their enemies.
They shall make use of these stones.
The little ones of the Tsi'zhu and of the Wa-zha'zhe
Shall use these stones to purify their bodies by heating them (the
ceremonial vapor bath).
When they use these stones for purifying their bodies.
They shall be free from all causes of death.
When they use them in their supplications for aid to overcome their
enemies.
They shall enable themselves to overcome their enemies with ease.
The Bear moved on with quickened footsteps
To the top of a rocky cliff.
To the entrance of a cave where he paused and stood.
To this time he had not found a place wherein to rest.
But he moved about bewildered

For a period of seven moons he must rest.
He moved close to the house (the cave) and paused.
Then, into the door, at the right side,
He partly entered and paused.
He beheld the interior of a house, mysterious in all its aspects.
He moved farther into the house and sat down.
He became conscious of having found for himself a house with a room
most pleasing and satisfying.
Of having come to a house that was mysterious in all its aspects,
Verily, a house that excluded the light of day he had found.
67025—32 25
380 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull, log
He thought, Lo, even the door of my dwelling

Is mysterious.
No one can look in and intrude upon me.
He sat down
To rest for a period of seven moons,
And sat undisturbed,
moons had passed;
Until six
Then he made a close examination of his body,
Looking carefully over all its parts.
He thought: Lo, my flesh has shrunken to nothing, in the time I have
sat here.
Verily, I am a person whom the little ones should make their symbols.
They should make of me an emblem of old age.
Again the Bear examined himself.
Then to the right side of the door of his house
He moved and paused.
He stood gazing upon the land before him.
Verily, he saw the land overspread with a smokelike mist.
He heard the sighing of the winds among the tree tops.
He moved farther out, where he paused and stood,
And the birds
Allaround him sang.
And he stood listening to the noise of their songs.
The Bear moved forward and placed upon the ground six imprints
of his feet,
As symbols of certain deeds most difficult to accomplish.
He did not place the six footprints upon the ground without a purpose.
He spake, saying: Behold I have placed upon the ground six foot-
prints.
The little ones shall win o-do°' (military honors).
Verily, I have made these footprints to represent those deeds.
He took one step forward.
Then from there he placed seven footprints upon the ground,
And he spoke, saying: These footprints also
I have not placed upon the ground without a purpose.
They Seven Footprints.
are the footprints spoken of as the
Verily, Ihave placed them here to remain for all time to come.
They are the valorous deeds spoken of as o-do°'
These valorous deeds spoken of as the Seven 0-do°'
I have verily placed here to remain for all time.
(See 39th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 158-164, lines
117-309.)
Wa'-5i-thu-se Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Cremonial Approach to the Little

House
This version is of the Tsi'-zhu division. Reference is made in this
ritual to an on the part of the people to find a way to guide their
effort
footsteps. Wandering about through valleys, toward a river, they
finally find the Little House; other efforts were made but each time
the footsteps led to the Little House.
Wa-ke'-stse-dse Wi-gi-e, The Ritual of the Wa-ke'-stse-dse gens
This ritual refers to the life symbol of the gens as the Cattail
{Typha latifolia), the plant that represents the water part of the
earth. (See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 93.)
Wa-ts'e'-the Wa-tho°, Song of Death
This song is sung by the Xo'-ka of the Tsi'-zhu division, after

the recital of the ritual of the Ceremonial Approach. It relates to the
one who comes upon them unawares, and makes an attack, and causes
them to lie blackening the earth. While
song is being sung the
this
Xo'-ka moves slowly to his seat in the lodge. Following this song is
the Ki-Qto'° Wa-tho'', the Little song of the Gathering, which tells of
the principal ones taking their places. Following this comes the
ceremony called U'-wa-the-the, the act of sending certain symbolic
articles to the various gentes owning them.
Wa'-tse-tsi Wi-gi-e, The Ritual of the Star People, Wa'-^se-tsi gens of the
Wa-zha-zhe subdivision
The life symbol with this gens is the female cedar, and as a com-
panion to the red cedar the waters that flow through the valley shall
also be a symbol; the grass that never dies (the sedge) is a symbol
used by these people, and all of these symbols are referred to in the
wi'-gi-e of this gens. (See 36th Ann. Kept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 95,
lines 9-24, 25-31.)
Wa-zha'-zhe Qka Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the White Wa-zha'-she (water divi-

sion) gens of the Wa-zha'-zhe subdivision
In this ritual will be found the lifesymbols used by this gens, which
are the mussel (t-siu'-ge) that sits in the water and the god of day, all
typifying the length of life. (See 36th Ann. Kept. Bur. Amer. Ethn.,
p. 94, lines 8-27.)
Wa-zha'-zhe Wa-no° Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Wa-zha'-zhe V/a-no° gens
This gens has for its life symbol the Ke Qi^-dse Ga-tse, the Turtle
with Serrated Tail. In this ritual the recount of the o-do°' is symbol-
ized by the seven serrations in the turtle's tail, and is expressive of the
long life they shall experience^by using this symbol. (See 36th Ann.
Kept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 92, lines 8-35.)
382 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (bull, iob
Wa-zhi"'-ga pa \o"-g&, Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Long-billed (Pileated)

Woodpecker
There is in existence a long-billed bird

Of that bird I have verily made my body.
The god of day that sitteth in the heavens,
I have employed this bird to bring hither (symbolize)
Also the god of night that sitteth in the heavens,
And the male star (morning star),
I have employed this bird to bring hither (symbolize).
When the little ones make of that star their symbol,
They shall enable themselves to find spoils in profusion.
When they go toward the setting of the sun against their enemies,
And use the bird in the appeal for aid,
They shall never fail to succeed in their undertakings.
The female star (evening star),
I have employed this bird to bring forth.
As the ones go toward the setting of the sun,
little
And use this bird in their appeal for aid.

They shall never fail to succeed.
Wi-gi'-e To°-ga, The Great Ritual

This is recited by the Tsi'-zhu Wa-no°, following the sending of the
symbolic articles. The act of reciting belongs to the two keepers of
the Tattooing and Great Heahng Plant shrines. Reference is made
to the various life symbols as the Sho'-ka hastened forth. These are
the golden eagle, the white rock, the bowlders, the flint, various trees;
also the valleys and the prairies that he traveled over in searching,
showing that the sky, the land, the water are all sought in getting the
life symbols. At the conclusion of this Great ritual, the 0'-po° gens
bring water, that the different ones may wash their faces.
Xo'-ka Ki-no° kshi-the Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Xo-ka symbolic painting

(Wa-ga-be gens)
With what shall the little ones adorn their bodies?

The crimson color of the god of day who sitteth in the heavens.
They shall make to be the sacred color,
The god who redeems the heavens as he approaches.
They shall adorn their bodies with the crimson hue shed by the god
of day.
Then shall the little ones be free from all causes of death.
WTiat shall they use for a symbolic plume?
At the right side of the god who comes at the beginning of day,
Is a beam of light that stands upright like a plume,
That they shall make as their sacred plume;
LAFLKSCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 383
Then their plumes shall never droop for want of strength.

For a pendant upon the breast of the Xo-ka
They shall place the shell of the mussel, who sitteth upon the earth.
It is as the god of day who sitteth in the heavens.
By pressing this to his breast
He shall be free from all causes of death.
What shall the people place upon his wrist?
It is a bond spoken of as a captive's bond,
But it is not a captive's bond,
It is a soul.
That they shall place upon his wTists.
What is he upon whom a girdle is to be placed?
He is a captive; no, it is a spirit.
Also it is a spirit to whom moccasins are to be given.
Xo'-ka Wi'-gi-e, Ritual of the Xo'ka
This ritual is recited by the Xo'-ka (Initiator) before he paints

himself with the charcoal. The first part of the ritual relates to
the Black Bear and to certain symbols given to the people; the
second part refers to the female black bear when she starts to
hibernate and also to her awakening after her long sleep; the third
and last part is spoken as the Ki-no° Wi-gi-e. In this is related
the manner in which certain symbols are painted upon the face of
the Xo'-ka and on his body.
Xu-tha' Zhu-dse Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Red Eagle gens
This gens is of the Tsi'-zhu division and has as its life symbol
the red eagle. Reference is made in the ritual to the parts of the
body of the red eagle that may be used as life symbols which will
enable the people to have long lives; also reference is made to the
dawn as a plumelike shaft of light. (See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur.
Amer. Ethn., pp. 124-126, lines 10-52; 60-79.)
Ho'-'be 5U Wi'-gi-e, Ritual of Cutting the Symbolic Moccasin (Puma gens)
The with seven serratures.

turtle that has a tail
We shall make to be the symbol of our foot, O younger brothers.
When we make this turtle to be the symbol of our foot,
And go forth against our enemies who dwell toward the setting sun.
We shall enable ourselves to tread down the harmful grasses.
What shall we make to be a symbol of our moccasin string?
The garter snake that lies outstretched
Shall be the symbol of our moccasin string.
The harmful grasses that lie in our course
ShaU not cut or break our moccasin string.
AMiat shall we make to be the symbol of our knife?

There is the young buffalo bull
It is his right horn
That shall be a symbol of our knife.
When we make the right horn of the young bull to be a symbol of
our knife,
And go against our enemies who dwell toward the setting sun,
Our knife shall always be sharp and ready for use, O younger brothers.
Upon what shall we cut this skin?

There is a man of our enemies who is honored for his valor.
It upon him that we shall cut this skin.
is
When we do our cutting upon tliat valorous man,

It shall be easy for us to do our cutting.
The people said,

The turtle that has a tail with six serratures,
We shall make to be a symbol of our foot, O younger brothers.
Wlien we make that turtle to be our foot,
And go forth against our enemies who dwell toward the setting sun,
We shall enable ourselves to tread down the harmful grasses.
What shall we make to be a symbol of our moccasin string?
W^hen we make this snake to be our moccasin string.
The harmful grasses that lie in our course
Shall not break or cut our moccasin string.
What shall we make to be a symbol of our knife?

There is the young buffalo bull
It is his right horn
That symbol of our loiife.
shall be a
When we make the right horn of the young bull to be a symbol of our
knife.
And go against our enemies who dwell toward the setting of the sun,
Our loiifc shall always be sharp and ready for use.
Upon what shall we cut the skin?

There is a woman of our enemies who has given birth to her first
child.
It is upon her that we shall cut this skin.
When we do our cutting upon that woman.
It shall be easy for us to do our cutting, O younger brothers.
LAFLKscHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 385
Upon what shall we perforate this skin?

There is an adolescent youth of our enemies.
It is upon that youth we shall perforate this skin.
When we perforate this skin upon that youth,
It shall be easy for us to do our perforating.
Upon what shall we perforate this skin?

It is the adolescent maiden
Upon whom we shall perforate this skin.
When we shall perforate this skin upon that maiden,
Upon what shall we perforate this skin, the people asked.

man of our enemies who is honored for his valor
It is the
When we perforate this skin upon the valorous man.
Upon whom shall we perforate this skin?

It is the woman of our enemies who has given birth to her first child
When we perforate this skin upon that woman.
It shall be easy for us to do our perforating, as we travel the path of
life, Oyounger brothers, they said to one another.
(See 39th Ann. Kept. Bur. Amer. Etlm., p. 63, lines 2-73.)
Ki'no° Wi'gi-e, The Ritual of Painting the Xo'ka of the Tsi'zhu Wa'no"
The people spake to one another, saying: What shall the Uttle ones
use to paint their bodies?
They gathered together four stones.
Which they arranged in a pile, leaning one against the other.
They gathered together the small dead branches of the surrounding
trees
And broke them to pieces, making a din of crackling sounds.
They thrust the pieces of dead branches underneath the stones and in
the spaces between them.
They set fire to the pile of dead branches and the stones
And made the air to tremble and vibrate with the flames and heat.
The darkened sides of the heavens
They made to redden with the glow of the flames and the heat.
They spake to one another, saying: Let the little ones use the fiery
glow upon yonder heavens as a paint for their bodies.
The people of the Tsi' zhu Who Possess Seven Fireplaces
386 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. io8
Became stricken with the fiery glow, that left no part of their bodies
untouched.
They spake to one another, saying: What beneficent power shall this
sacred fire draw toward us?
They said: The red shield,
Let the sacred fire draw toward us.
When the sacred fire drawls toward us the red shield,
Then, when our enemies w^ho dwell toward the setting sun
Come against us with weapons in countless numbers,
Their weapons shall fail to strike the little ones.
The red shield,
Then, when our enemies who dwell toward the setting sun
Come agauist us with sharp weapons standing out from their bodies in
countless numbers.
The little ones shall always be able to ward off the weapons, sending
them away in forked lines.
The red shield.
Let the sacred fire draw towârd us.
Then, when our enemies who dwell towârd the setting sun
Come against us with sharp weapons in countless numbers.
The little ones shall always be able to wârd off the weapons, making
them to glance away on either side.
The red shield,
Then when our enemies who dwell toward the setting sun
Come against us with sharp weapons in countless numbers.
We shall be able to ward oft' the weapons of our enemies, they said to
one another.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 242-243.)
Kino" Wi'gi-e, The ritual for decorating the Xo'ka with sacred symbols
(Tsi'zhu Wa'no°)
They spake to one another, saying: What shall the little ones use for a
girdle?
The hair of the young buffalo
They shall use as a girdle.
When the little ones use the hair of the young buffalo as a girdle,
They shall free themselves from all causes of death.
They spake to one another, saying: What shall the little ones use for a
neckband?
The hair of the young buffalo
They shall use as a neckband.
When the little ones use the hair of the young buffalo as a neckband.
.
They shall have a neckband that will free them from all causes of
death.
They spake to one another, saying: Behold this mussel shell,
Which the little ones shall use as a gorget pendant.
Itwas the mussel
Who traveled up the river, forcing his way against the current.
When coming to a shallow part of the river he said: Behold these
rushing waters,
I have not made them without a purpose.
I have made them to be the means of reaching old age.
When the ones use these waters, they shall free themselves from
little
all causes of death.
Behold the waves of the river,

I have made them to be the means of reaching old age.
Behold the hollow bed of the river,
I have not made it without a purpose.
When the little ones make of it the hollow of their own bodies.
They shall free the hollow of their bodies from all causes of death.
Behold the swift current of the river,
I have not made it without a purpose.
When the little ones make of it their windpipe.
They shall free their windpipe from all causes of death.
Behold the ripples upon the surface of the river,
I have not made them without a purpose.
When the ones make of me their bodies.
little
They shall always live to see their breasts wrinkled with age.
He spake again, saying: And
so happens it
That in my travel I come days that are calm and peaceful.

to the
So shall it happen with the little ones; they shall also reach and enter
the days that are calm and peaceful.
Mi Wi'gi-e, The Sun Ritual (Tsi'zhu Wa'no°)
The god that never fails to appear at the beginning of day

Has upon its left side
Six rays that are like stripes in appearance.
These six rays
I have made to be symbols.
Symbols of the valorous deeds spoken of as o-do°'.
When the little ones make of these six rays the symbols of their
o-do°',
They shall enable themselves to count with accuracy their o-do°'
388 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (bull, loo
Upon the right side of that god there arc seven rays that are in appear-
ance Hke stripes.
These seven ray^s also
I have made to be symbols,
Symbols of the valorous deeds spoken of as o-do"'.
I have made all of these six and seven rays to be symbols of the
valorous deeds spoken of as o-do°'.

When the little ones use these rays for counting their o-do°' as they
travel the path of life,
They shall enable themselves to count with accuracy their o-do"'.
(See 39th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 170-171, lines 2-16.)
Mi'xa-gka Wi-gi'e (White Swan Ritual), a life symbol of the Wa-Qa'be

(Black Bear) gens
We have no ceremonial articles;

Let search be made for materials to be used in making them.
They moved forward and spake to one who had made of the Puma
his bod}',
Saying: O younger brother.
Go thou and make search.
In a short time he hastened away.
The people spake, saying: There are signs that our younger brother
is returning.
Some of the brothers hastened out to speak to him.
In response to their inquiries, the Puma said O elder brothers,
:
Verily, there is an animal of some kind

In yonder place.
The elder brothers replied: Our younger brother has said
That an animal of some kind is in yonder place.
Make haste, the people said.
That we may send him to the abode of spirits.
It matters not whose little one this animal may be.
Verily, we are a people who spare none of the enemy.
They moved forward with quickened footsteps;
They made one ceremonial pause.
At the fourth
The Puma spake, saying: There he stands, O elder brothers.
The elder exclaimed I have spoken; we shall send him to the abode
: of
spirits!
Then he thrust his index finger into his mouth,
Quickl}' withdrew it, and pointed it at the animal.
Tlie bird felldeath to tlie ground, its feathers strewing the earth.
in
The people hastened to the bird.
And spake to one another, saying: O elder brothers.
It is a swan, O elder brothers,
A white swan,
A bird fit for a symbolic article.
Behold its feet are dark in color.
The tip of its bill is dark.
Its feathers are white.
From this bird also we shall take our personal names;
White Swan shall be to us a personal name.
White-bird shall also be a personal name to us.
This shall be the name of the little ones.
White-feather shall be a personal name.
Behold the dark color of its feet,
That we shall use as a symbol.
When we go toward the setting sun against our enemies.
That color shall be represented by charcoal.
When the ones use the charcoal as a sign of their supplications.
little
Their prayers shall never fail to be heard.

We have killed the white swan.
Behold the curved neck of the bird.
Of this we shall make a standard.
When we use it as a standard and go against our enemies,
The little ones shall not fail to overcome their enemies as they travel
the path of life.
(See 36th Ann. Kept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 229-231, lines
307-368.)
Mo"-i°'ka-zhi"-ga Wi-gi'e, The Ritual of the Little Earth (Puma gens)
The Ho^'ga people who possess seven fireplaces

Spake to one another, saying: O younger brothers.
It is not possible for the little ones to dwell upon the surface of the
water.
The Ho°'ga Wa'tse-ga-wa set forth with quickened footsteps
Toward an open prairie where trees grew not.
And there, as he paused and stood.
He beheld a man, standing plainly in sight.
With uplifted hand, and fingers divided.
Giving the hand a cloven, forked appearance.
Wa'tse-ga-wa, returning in haste, spake.
Saying: A man stands yonder, O elder brothers.
To this they replied: It matters not what man's son he may be.
Let us send him to the abode of the spirits.
With firm resolve they hastened forward.
The leader, with his index finger moistened between his lips.
To slay the man by pointing at him with it.

As the brothers came close to him
He spake, saying: I am a Ho°'ga;
390 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [buu,. io9
I am Hon'ga Mon-i°'ka-zhi°ga, The Little Earth.

I am he who is never absent from movements of importance.
I am about to give you things that will cause you to be heartily grate-
ful, O elder brothers.
The elder brothers spake, sajîng:
by the signs that our younger brother
It is certain
Isabout to perform some important deed.
The Little Earth brought forward a bit of dark soil and offered it to
the brothers,
Saying: I give this to 5'-ou; it will satisfy your hearts' longings.
When you use it (as a sacred symbol) in offering your supplications
Your prayers shall always be readily granted.
When dawning of the day
in the
You put upon your face a bit of the dark soil
And shed tears of longing, even before the sun has risen to the height
of your houses.
Your prayers shall be readily granted.
But, beware of closing your eyes, while yet this sign is upon your face.
For then you shall cause yourself to fail to reach old age.
Then Wa'tse-ga-wa brought forth a bit of blue soil.
Saying: This is a gift, and by its use upon your face
You shall never fail to secure the fulfillment of your desires.
Little-earth sank into the ground as though gulped in by it.
Wlien he reappeared he gave to the brothers a bit of red soil.
Saying When you put this on your face,
:
You shall not shed tears; if you do, there are penalties that I shall
make you suffer.
But as you go forth to the setting sun you shall succeed with ease in
making your enemies fall in death.
Again a fourth time he sank into the earth.
Reappearing, he gave to the brothers a bit of yellow earth.
Saying: You shall carry this with you as you offer your supplications,
as you go forth to the setting sun.
And when the fair captive you find and take.
Upon his face put this bit of earth as a captive sign, O elder brothers.
With this bit of soil the fair captive you shall alwâys succeed in finding
and taking.
Mc'-thio-ka zhi"-ga Wi'-gi-e, Ritual of the Little Earth, gifts from the
Mo"-8hko" (Crawfish) of the Ni-ki-no"-ko" rite, Ho"'-ga division
There was a man whose name was Little Earth.

He appeared before the people with a cloven hand uplifted,
In which he held a bit of the dark soil of the earth,
Which he offered to the people as he spake,

Saying: This bit of the dark soil of the earth
They shall carry when they go to offer their supplications.
Then shall their prayers be readily granted, O elder brothers.
When the people of the Wa-zha'-zhe and of the Tsi'-zhu
Put it upon their faces as they offer their supplications.
Then, even before the sun has risen to the height of their houses,
Their prayers shall be readily granted.
Although that may be,
When they put it upon their faces.
They shall not close their eyes in sleep,
When they close their eyes in sleep.
They shall shorten their lives as men.
A bit of the blue soil of the earth

He brought forth and stood offering it to the people.
This bit of the blue soil of the earth
They shall carry when they go to oft'er their supplications.
When they carry this bit of blue earth as they offer their supplications.
When they go forth against their enemies.
Their prayers shall be readily granted.
He brought forth a bit of red soil of the earth.

And stood offering it to the people.
This bit of the red soil
They shall carry when they go to offer their supplications.
The people of the Wa-zha'-zhe and the Tsi'-zhu
Shall use this bit of red earth as they offer their supplications.
When they use it as they offer their supplications.
Even before the sun rises to the height of their houses,
Their prajêrs shall be readily granted.
Although that may be,
When they put it upon their faces.
They shall not shed tears.
He brought forth a bit of the yellow soil of the earth

And stood offering it to the people.
This bit of the yellow soil of the earth
Shall be used in offering their supplications
By the people of the Wa-zha'-zhe and the Tsi'-zhu,
So that their prayers may always be readily granted,
When they go to seek the fair captives.
They shall put this bit of yellow earth upon his face.
Ni Wi'-gi-e, Ritual of the Water (River)
One who belonged to the Wa-zha'-zhe of the seven sacred fireplaces,

Who had made the water to be his liesh (a trope for life),
Spake, saying: Behold, the right side of the body of the river,
That I have taken to be the right side of my body.
If the little ones also take the right side of the body of the river to be
the right side of their body,
They shall remove from themselves all causes of death.
And if they make that side of the body of the river to be the means by
which to reach old age,
Behold, the hollow of the back (bed) of the river,

I have made to be the hollow of my back.
If the little ones also made the back of the river to be their back,
Ill
Behold, the left side of the body of the river,

That I have made to be the left side of my own body.
If the little ones also make the left side of the body of the river to be
the left side of their body,
Behold, the channel of the river,

That I have made to be the cavity of my body.
If the little ones also make the channel of the river to be the cavity of
their body,
The little ones shall remove from themselves all causes of death.
And if they make it to be the means by which to reach old age,
They shall live to see old age, my younger brothers.
The people of the Ho°'-ga and those of the Tsi'-zhu,
Their little ones shall live to see old age.
Tsi'zhu Wa-no" Wi'gi-e of the Child Naming

The who have seven fireplaces, spake,
Tsi'zhu, a people
Saying: O
younger brothers,
To the Sho'â Wa-ba-xi (the Chief Messenger),
LAFLE3CHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 393
The Chief Messenger

Hastened to the
God of Da}^ (the Sun), who sitteth in the heavens,
And returned with him to the people.
They spake to the God of Day, saying: O grandfather,
The God of Day quickly repHed: It is well you sent for me.
Of all the groups of gods,
I am a god by myself.
There is not one who has the power to see my path,
When little ones make of me their symbols.
the
There not one who shall be able to see their path in life's journey.
is
There is not one who has power to cross my path.
When the Httle ones make of me their symbols.

There is not one who shall be able to cross their path.
What one is there who can stand in my way to prevent my going?
There is not one who shall be able to stand on their way to prevent
their going.
The Chief Messenger

Hastened to the
Goddess of Night (the Moon, who sitteth in the heavens).
And returned with her to the people.
They spake to her, saying: O grandmother.
The Goddess of Night repHed It is well you sent for me.
:
Of aU the groups of gods,

There isnot one who has power to see my path,
When make of me their symbols.
the httle ones
There is not one who shall be able to see their path.
There is not one who shall be able to stand in their way.
The Chief Messenger

Hastened to the
Star of Day (the Morning Star), who sitteth in the heavens.
They spake to the Star of Day, saying: O grandfather.
394 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (bull, loo
The Star of Day replied It is well you sent for me.

:

There is not one who has power to cross my path,
When little ones make of me their symbols,

the
There not one who shall be able to cross their path.
is

There is not one who shall be able to stand in their way to prevent
their going.
The Chief Messenger

Hastened to the
Star of Night (the Evening Star), who sitteth in the heavens,
They spake to her, saying: O grandmother.
The Star of Night replied It is well you sent for me.
:

Iam a god by myself.
There is not one who shall be able to see their path,
Wlien the little ones make of me their symbols.
When the ones make of me their symbols,
little
their going.
The Chief Messenger

Hastened to the
Litter (Great Bear), who stands in the midst of the heavens,
They spake to Litter, saying O grandfather, :

The Litter replied: It is well you sent for me.
The ones shall make of me their symbols.
little
When the little ones make of me their s3nnbols,


When the Httle ones make of me their symbols,
their going.
The Chief Messenger

Hastened to
Ta-pa', Deer-head (Pleiades), who stands in the heavens,
They spake to her, saying: O grandmother,
Deer-head replied: It is well you sent for me.
When the little of me their symbols,
ones make
There is no one who be able to see their path.
shall
their going.
The Chief Messenger

Hastened to
Ta Tha'bthi", Three-deer (Orion's belt), who sitteth in the heavens.
They spake to him, saying O grandfather. :

The Three-deer replied Of all the groups of gods,
:

their going.
The Chief Messenger

Hastened to
Mi-ka'k'e U-ki-tha-g'i", Double-star (theta and iota in Orion), who
sitteth in the heavens.
They spake to her, saying: O grandmother,
67025—32 26
396 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [buli.. 109
Doiible-stnr replied: It is well you sent for me.

There is not one who shall be able to see their path,
Wlien the little ones make of me their symbols.
their going.
The Chief Messenger

Hastened to
Mi-ka'k'e zhu-dse. Red-star (Pole star), who sitteth in the heavens.
And returned \dth him to the people.
They spake to him, saying: O grandfather.
Red-star replied: It is well you sent for me.

Of all the groups of the gods,
The littleones shall make of me their symbols.
There is not one who has power to see my path.

There is not one w^ho shall be able to see their path.


There is no one who shall be able to stand in their way to prevent
their going.
The Chief Messenger

Hastened to
The side of the heavens.
Where lay Sho°'ge, the Dog (Sirius), as though suspended in the sky,
They spake to him, saying: O grandfather,
The Dog replied: The little ones shall make of me their symbols.
Behold the tip of my nose.
It not placed there without a purpose;
is
I have placed it there for chasing away other gods;

I use it for keeping other gods from entering my house.
They shall use it to chase away other gods.

Behold the hair on the crown of my head grown thin;
It has not grown thin without a purpose;
I have made it to be a sign of old age.
They shall see in their whitened hair,
The sign of old age.
Then there comes a time.
When a calm and tranquil day comes upon me.
So there shall come upon the little ones a calm and peaceful day as
they travel the path of life.
(See 43d Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 75.)
Wa-no°'-se a-ba-gu Wi-gi-e, Pertaining to the Attack
5ê valiant men,

There is a person whom they made to be their weapon.
He is the great hawk.
My grandfather (the hawk) is a fear-inspiring weapon.
Even with a slight stroke of his wing he will disable his prey.
So that it can not escape beyond the brow of the nearest hill.
There is another person whom they made to be their weapon.

He is the crow.
My grandfather (the crow)
Is a person to whom nothing is beyond understanding.
He flies swiftly through and through the dense forests.
And as swiftly he makes his way through the carrion upon which he
feeds.
When, before the break of day,
1 make him to be a weapon for you,
Your weapons shall not be ineffective.
Or, when in the evening of the day,
I make him to be a weapon for you,
Your weapons shall not be ineffective, O vahant men.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 295-296.)
Wa-tse-gi-tsi Wi-gi-e, Ritual Man from the Stars
The people spake to one another, saying: O younger brother,

We are a people who spare none of our foes,
Who are never absent from any important movement.
Thus they spake to the one who had of the Puma his body.
Saying: O, younger brother.
Even as these words were spoken, the Puma went forth.
After a time the people said: There are signs that our younger
brother is returning.
398 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (bull. i09
Stiimblinp;, tripping again and again, he hastens homeward.

Some of the brothers hastened to meet him and speak to him.
In response to tlieir inquiries, the Puma spake, saying:
Yonder stands a man, O elder brothers,
Whose appearance e.xcites fear.
Who is hke us in form.
Then O younger brothers,
the people spake, saying,
Ihave said we are a people who spare none of our foes,
Who are never absent from any important movement.
Whoever this man may be.
We send him to the abode of spirits.
shall
It matters not whose little one he may be,
We shall make him to lie low.
In the direction of the man they hastened.
When they made the fourth ceremonial pause,
The Puma spake, saying: There he stands, O elder brothers!
We shall send him to the abode of the spirits, said the people.
They thrust their index fingers into their mouths,
To moisten them and give them killing power.
The man spake, saying:
I am Ho"'-ga (a sacred person), O elder brothers, he stood saying.
He speaks our language clearly, said the Puma.
I am a Ho"*' ga, the stranger continued, who has come from the midst
of the stars,
O elder brothers.
Young-chief is my name.
Star-chief my name,
is
Radiant-star is my name,
Star-that-travels is my name.
It is well, the people said.
The stranger continued : Young-chief
Is a name you shall use;
Radiant-star is also a name you shall use;
In giving you these names I give you cause to be grateful and happy,
O elder brothers.
The people spake one another, saying:
to
We shall henceforthbanish from our midst all anger and hatred.
The names he has offered us we shall accept as ours.
This man speaks our language fluently;
The name Speaks-fluently shall also be ours.
You say this man is like a stranger;
From that also we shall make a name for ourselves.
Sacred stranger we shall make to be our name.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 228-229, lines
239-304.)
LAFLEscHK] OSAGE DICTIONARY 399
Xo°'-dse, The Cedars
On the brink of a precipice
Stood a cedar,
Sighing where he stands in his chosen place,
Saying: Here, upon the brink of this precipice, I stand, in order that
the little ones may make of me their medicine.
In the midst of all the four winds.
Whichever way the winds blew.
He sent forth with pleasing fragrance.
Saying: Behold the base of my trunk (the roots)
Which I have made to be the sign of my old age.
When the little ones make of me their symbol.
They shall live to see the toes of their feet gnarled with age.
Behold the wrinkles of my ankles.
Behold my outspreading branches;
These I have made to be the signs of my old age.
When the little ones make of these their symbols,
In their ankles and limbs there shall be no cause of death.
Behold the downward bend of the tops of my branches;
These are the signs of my old age.
With these as sj^mbols
The people shall live to see their shoulders bent with age.
Behold the feathery tops of my branches;
These are the signs of my old age.
When the little ones make of these their symbols.
They shall live to see their hair whitened and feathery with age as they
travel the path of life.
So stands the cedar to be used as medicine by the little ones.

Sayings and Expressions
A'-ba-ta pa-xe ta mi-kshe o; ka-wa a-ba wo°-da ha-ba o°-tha-tse ta

a-ba. I mil make a fence, then the horse will not eat my corn.
Be mi°-dse kshe thi kchi'-xe a(?) Who made the bow for you?
Be ni-ka-shi-ga u-she xtsi gthe-btho°-do-ba ts'e the tse the go° dsi.
There are not many men these days who can kill forty deer a season.
Be thi°-kshe a-zha-zhi° wa-zhi°-ga tsi-he ga-xe wa-k'tsi-o^-ge
bi,
thi°-kshe. Who do you suppose instructs the birds how to build

their nests?
Be wa-dsu-ta tho-ta a-thi° gthi° do"" no°-pe-hi tse. Who that has
tame animals wôuld be hungry for meat.
Da'-do° stsi-wi° ta ni kshe a(?) What will you buy?
Do k'e shi a(?) Have you been to dig potatoes?
E'-gka ta-gka o°-to° bi ko° e-bthe o(.) I wish we had sheep.
400 BTJREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (bull, loo
E-gka u-thi-to°-tha a-bthi° mi kshe ko° e-bthe o; to-ba a-gi° bthe tse
gka. I wish I had a wagon, I would go and bring some salt.
E-sho ba'-the do° o'-gi-k'i no° bi o(.) They feed them in winter.
E sho°-mi-ka-Qi u-thi°-ge no° bi o(.) They catch wolves.
E-sho ta-gka shki o°-to° bi do° ha-xi° ha i-da-be ga-xe Xa bi e-gka.
And if we had sheep they could make blankets and cloth.
Gu-dsi ni-ka-shi-ga a-ba ta gthe-btho° hiu no°-ba no° ts'e-the no° bi o.
Formerly men killed two hundred deer apiece.
Ha'-ba k'i° we-hi-dse a-gthe ko°-btha thi°-ge o(.) I do not wish to
have to carry my own corn far.
Ha-to°' do" tha-gthe ta tse a(?) When will you start?
Ha-to"" dsi tha tsi a(?) When did you start?
Hi"-ge ta gka ha-xi° i-ga-xe no° bi o(.) Blankets are made of sheep
wool.
Ho°-ba the da-do° ha-xi° ha i-da-be o°-tho°-thi-wi° ta ba thi"-ge o(.)
Nowadays we have nothing with which to buy blankets and cloth.
Ho'-wa ge a-the ta i te ts'a-bi-do" i-ba-ho° a-zhi a-ba o(.) They do
not know where they will go when they die.
Ho-wa-gi tha-thi°-she shki i-thi-the a-ka no° no° e e-sho ta-do" ha-zho"
ke shki ga'ni i-the e-ba no° e. Wherever you are and whatever
you do God sees you.
Ho'-wa gi to° tha-tsi a(?) Where did you come from?
Ho-we ni-gkiu o-tsi-e tho. Yes, there is plenty of salt.
I'-xo-ba zhi thi° ha o(.) Do not tell lies.
Ka'-wa u-gi-dse a-thi° he o. I am hunting my horse.

Ka'-wa a-ba wa-shko° gtho°-tha bi o(.) Horses are strong.
Ka'-wa tha-gthi° o°-k'i bi o(.) He gave me a fine horse.
Ka'-wa thi-ta k*o°-ga-gi o(.) Your horse is swift.
Ko" Wa-ko°-da thi-ga-xe a-ka wa-zhi°-ga ho, wa-gthu-shka zhi°-ga
i-da-be shki wa-ga-xe a-ka. The God who made you made the
birds, fishes, and insects.
Ko", Wa-ko°-da, mi-o°-ba mo°-zho° i-da-be wa-ga-xe a-ka e-no° wa-
k'tsi-o°-9e a-ka o. The God who made the sun, moon, and the
earth instructs the birds.
Mi be' thi-k'i a(?) Who gave you a blanket?
Mi wi'-e bthi-wi° o(.) I bought a blanket.
Mo°-9e-we to° ga a-ka mo°-i"-ka gtho°-the ha thi-to°-be a-ka o(.)
With a plow a large piece of ground may be broken up.
Mo"' -hi" thi-ta ho-wa(?) Where is your knife?
Mo"'-hi° to°-ga a-ba to" bi no" hi" a(?) Have the Americans come?
Mo"'-hi" to°-ga sho"-ge i-ta bi we-tha-the qka a(?) Did you ever see
American dogs?
Mo"-ta-no"-dsi zho" i-tha'gi o; a'-no"-ko-ge a-ba e tha-gthi" bi o(.)
I hate to sleep on the ground; a floor is good.
Mo" thi'-ta tha-gthi" o(.) Your arrows are good.
Mo°-xe'-the u-mo°-ka bi o(.) They are easily deceived.

Mo°-zho° ho-wa-ge ta-tha-bthe ta ni-kshe a(?) Where will you hunt?
Mo°-zho° o°-mo°-kshe ho°-xtsi-o° te i-ba-ho° a-zhi a-ba a(.) They
do not know what sort of a world the next is.
Ni-gkiu'-e to°-ga e i-kshe shi e-gka. Have your ever been to the
Grand Saline?
Ni'dsi a-tha bi o. She has gone for water.
Ni'-ka-shi-ga no° a-ba ho°-ba ta ts'e tha bi e-gka. How did the old
men kill deer?
Ni'-ka-shi-ga we-ki-k'o° to° a-ba da-do° shki hiu ga-xe tho°'tse a-ba.
People who have tools are able to make a great many things.
No°'-ha bthe-ka tsi-zhe-be pa-xe ta mi kshe o Sho°-ge tsi bi ko°-btha
;
thi°-ge o(.) I will make a door of boards; I do not want the dogs
to come in.
O'-ga-xe thi°-ge hiu a-ta-bthe o(.) I have hunted often to no profit.

0'-mo°-ka we-ki-k'o° tha-gthi° we-thi-to°-be. It is easy to work with
good tools.
0°-tsi bi a-ba dsiu-tha bi a, o°-zha ha-o°-k'o° ta bi thi"-ge o. Our
families are ragged, but it is not in our power to help.
0-thi' to°-tha a-ni-a-do° zho° to'-gtho"* tse wa-ts'e-ga o(.) Having a
wagon, it is easy to haul wood.
0-xtha-be gi wa-ga'-be o-xthe i-tha'-gi o(.) I hate to follow the black
bear through the thickets.
Pi'-zhi-o, Wa-ko°-da o-wa-ki-a bi hiu-the i-ba ho° a-zlii tse. It is bad
not to know the talk which God has sent to us.
Pi'-zhi tse tha-gthi° tse e-tho°-ba i-ba-ho° a-zhi a-ba o(.) They do not
know what is good and what is evil.
Sho°'- ge hiu o°-ga-thi° o°-ga thi° o(.) We have a great many dogs.
Sho°'-ge o°-gu-ta a-ba pi-ba zhi bi o, e-sho° wo°-thi-gi-hi shki o° bi
o(.) Our dogs are good for nothing and cross.
Sho°'-mi-ka-gi a-ba ts'e the ta bi e-gka. The wolves would perhaps
kill them.
Sho°-mi-ka-gi ts'e on'^the ta bi e-gka. I think we could kill the
wolves,
Sho-she e-zha-mi mo°-hi'' to°-ga thu-wa-ts'e-ga i-k'u-tsa ba-zhi i-tse
o(.) I wonder the Americans do not try to tame big game (buffalo).
Ta'-bthe bthe o(.) I am going hunting.
Ta-gka' a-ba wa-dsu-ta tha-gthi° bi o(.) Sheep are good animals.
Ta-ha ha'-no° wa-ni ni kshe a(?) How many deerskins have you?
Ta he-be o°-k'i o(.) Give me a piece of meat.
Ta' wi° a-ku-dse o. I shot a deer.
Ta wi° ge mi°-dse i ts'e tha the gka a(?) Did you ever kill a deer with
an arrow?
Thi shki a-thi-thi° a-gtha-bi do" thi-ho° gi-tha gthi° tho°-tse a hi°.
If you should be carried off, would your mother be happy?

;
402 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY •

[bull. 109
Tho"-zha sho^-ge a-ba shki ta-9ka ts'e the no° bi o(.) But dogs also
kill sheep.
Tse-do'-ga o-thi-to"-tha k'i" do^-ha ba tho° tse a(?) Would buffalo
draw well in a wagon?
Tse wi° i-tha-the o(.) I saw a buffalo.
Tse'-xe ho-wa ge stsiu-ge a(?) Wliere did you get the kettle?
Tsi Qa-gi ko°-btha pe-dse u-dse-the pa-xe ta mi kshe o(.) Sho-dse
i-tha-gi o(.) I want a firm house. I will make a chimney. I hate
smoke.
Tsi wi-ta tse a-shka dsi o-wc pa-xe ta mi-kshc o; we-hi-dse wa-thit-o°
the tse pi zhi o(.) I will build my house near to my field; it is bad
to have to go so far to work.

Tsi zhe'-be wi'ta tse ko-ko-gi tho-ge ko"-btha o. I want to have hogs
in sight of my door.
U'-shko° thi pi-zhi do° be a-ba shki i-thi-gi ta bi o(.) If your ways
are bad everybody will dislike you.
Wa-diu-ta ho-wa-the shki o°-thi-hi-da bi, wa-xpa-thi° o°-tha bi pi-zhi o
Wa-ga'-xe a-ka we-tha-bi do° gi-ba-ko° ta a-ka o(.) It is wicked to
torment any kind of animal; when the Creator sees it He will be
angry.
Wa-dsu-ta thi°-ge o. There is no game.
Wa-gthe'-ge a-ka a da-do° the a-ka o, o-zho°-ge tha-gthi° kshe wa-to°-i°
ga-xe a-ka o. The Scriptures are a light which discovers the good
path.
Wa-k'o a-ba wa-thi-to° i-ga gki ge no° bi o(.) It is fatiguing to women
to work in the field.
Wa-k'o°'-gi thi°-ge do° sho°-ge da-do° u-thi-ko° ta be tse a(?) When
there no game, of what use are the dogs? (Applied to hunting.)
is
Wa-ko°-da thi-ga-xe do° da-do° a-ni-ge thi-k'i thi°-kshe i-thi-gtho° thi°

ha. Think of God who made you and gave you all you know.
Wa-ko°'-da wa-ga-xe thi°-kshe i-ba-ho° ba-zhi a-ba o. They do not
know God the Creator.
Wa-ko°-da wi-zhi°-ge sho°-be o°-the no° ta bi o; e-sho o"-shka-da bi ge
da-do" shki o-k'o° thi°-ge ts'e o°-tha ba-zhi no"* tse. Therefore, my
son, we should let the animals alone and should kill nothing for
sport.
Wa-wa'-tha-da do" wa-thi'-gtho" ba e-sho u-shlv0° tha-
u-tsi thi-ga-xe
gthi° thi-ga-xe shki 0° \& a-ka. His (God's) laws make you wise
and good.
Wa-zhi°-ga ba shki e-go° a-ba 0; zhi°-ga wa-thi" a-gtha bi do" gi-sho°
ba zhi no° bi o(.) It is the same with the little birds; when the
young are carried off the mother bird is distressed.
We'-ki-k'o° tha-gthi° a-thi° do° ha-gka ga-xe u'-mo°-ka a bi o. With
good implements they say it is easy to make cotton cloth.
LATLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 403
Wi-zhi°-ge the go'^-dsi wa-gthe-ge tha-dse i-k'u-ta thi° ha o(.) My

son, try now to learn to read.
Wi-zhi'^-ge, thi-tha-dsi thi-ho° e-tho° ba tha-k'e-wa-gi tha o; da a bi
ki zhi e-go° no° o. My son, love your father and mother; do what
they bid you.
Zhi°'-ga zhi°-ga a-wa'-gi-to°-be o°-sho°-mo°-zhi o; da-do"" tha-tse
a-wa-gi-the thi°-ge do°. I have been sorry to look at my children,
having nothing to give them to eat.
Zhi°-ga zhi'^-ga o-shko° pi-zhi zho-wa-gtha zhi thi° haii. Go not with
bad children.
Zhi°-ga-zhi°-ga wi'-gi-e wa-no"-k'o° gi-tha-gthi° bi o(.) He (God) is
pleased to hear children pray.

Zho° a-ki-k'o° he tsi wi"" a ki-pa-xe ta mi-kshe o(.) I intend making a
log house for myself.
Zho° k'i° a-gthi° bi o(.) She has come carrying wood.
Zho° k'i° shld 0-0° wa-tse-xi o(.) Carrying wood is also hard work.
Zho°-no'' o°-tho°-go°-Qa mo"-zhi a-gthi o(.) I have returned weary
without anything.
Stories
Origin of the Whistle Wa-xo-be
There were four brothers who took care of and protected their
aged parents. Two of the brothers were married. One day, when the
people of the tribe were about to go on a buffalo hunt, these four
brothers held a consultation and agreed to stay at home and continue
to look out for their parents. After the war party had gone the
brothers took their parents and moved to a part which they knew to
be full of black bears. Here they pitched their camp in the woods.
While these brothers were gone on a hunt they returned one day and
found their parents had been slain by a war party and the wigwams
burned.
The three older brothers decided to follow the trail of the enemy
and take revenge for the death of their parents. The younger brother
had gone some distance away and refused to join the brothers. Upon
being asked why he refused he said he would join them if they made
him the leader. This was done. All were satisfied with the arrange-
ments, so they started with the new leader in pursuit of the enemy.
Not only did the younger brother act as leader, but did all the scout
work, and, in company with his dog, found the trail fresher the farther
he went. Each evening the young scout reported to his brothers.
On one day he hurriedly came and reported that he had found the
camp of the enemy. Much to the surprise of the brothers, a pack of
gray wolves was with the young man. All started for the attack.
Stealthily they approached the camp, the men giving war cries and
the wolves howls, and the charge was made. This caused a panic in
404 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (bcll. 109
the cninp and theenemy fled, but the wolves were too swift for them;
they caught the men sometimes by threes, while the brothers clubbed
them to death. Thus the four brothers avenged the death of the
parents. In commemoration of the victory the brothers made the
Whistle Wa-xo-be, which is now in the National Museum at Wash-
ington, D. C.
Pa-hiu'-gth.o°-ge (hair) Wa-xo-be
The Osage Tribe dwelt along the Missouri River. They had
planned a bufTalo hunt. Among them were two young men who de-
cided not to go, but to remain at home and care for their aged parents.
When the tribe had gone the two young men moved their camp to a
place where they found game in plenty. Here they built a wigwam,
making their parents comfortable and keeping the home well supplied
with food. These young men belonged to the Mi-k'i°' gens of the
tribe.
One day the younger man spoke to the father, saying: "I think I
can find a stray buffalo, so I am going out on my horse; if I do not
come home do not feel uneasy, because I will be safe." He rode away
and saw a buffalo, which he chased and killed. While in the act of
butchering it he was attacked by a war party and taken captive.
For many days the war party traveled westward until they reached
their own village.
In the home
of the war leader the captive was subjected to many-
abuses. As he stood bound to a tree some crows flew about him.
One stopped near him and said: "Keep up your courage; you shall
live to see your parents." During the afternoon a storm arose,
driving the people into their houses, where they were obliged to remain
for two days. From being tied up the young man became sore and
but in stretching himself he found the thongs with which he was
stiff,
bound yielded to the pressure and without much effort slipped them
from his hands and ankles. It was his chance for escape. He
hurried to a cornfield, where he found ripening corn. Plucking some
of the ears, he hid himself, but not for long, for he heard the warriors
making search for him. Remembering the custom of his own people,
he thought it would be wise to seek protection in the home of the chief.
As he entered the village he saw a tent which wâs larger than the
others; this he took for the home of the chief and, hastening to it, sat
down doorway. The daughter of the chief, seeing the young
in the
captive, asked her father to buy him, that she might have a brother,
but the captors would not part with the young man, not even for
horses or other goods. After entreaties on the part of the maiden the
father said "We will keep him he is in the house of refuge and no one
: ;
can take him." Having been assigned the place usually given the
son of a family, food and drink were placed before him; the mother.
assisted by the maiden, cut and made moccasins and leggings for him.
The father of the young woman hastily gathered the subordinate
chiefs to consult them, saying that this young man was to be treated
as if he were his own son. To this the subordinate chiefs agreed.
Being skilled in the hunting of buffalo and other small game, the
adopted son told his father he would do the hunting for him. Just as
other young women helped their brothers, so the chief's daughter took
the pack horses for her adopted brother.
For two years this young man remained in the family of his adoption,
in the same tribe. One day, while alone with him, the young maiden
questioned him as to his own family and whether he would like to see
them. In reply he said he was contented in his new home, but would
like to see his parents. The chief, always desirous of pleasing his
daughter, jdelded to her request and let the young man return to his
people, providing escorts for him so that no harm would befall him.
A fev/ days' journey brought the young Osage into his people's country.
Here the escorts were excited at being in a strange land and did not
continue farther with the young man, but returned to their own camp.
One afternoon as he traveled alone he surprised an Osage who had
killed an elk and was preparing to cut it up. So intent was this man
upon his work that he did not notice the stranger, and for some time
he had lost his wits. Then the young captive gave his name and
asked "Are my parents still living? " With some hesitancy the other
:
spoke "The people whose names you mention are still living and well,
:
but you are dead; it is your spirit that has come back to trouble
me."
Hearing the young man's story, the hunter was satisfied, and,
packing his horse, led the way to the camp of the young man's family.
The young captive was gladly embraced by his relatives, \vith the
exception of his older brother. To his father he gave of his horses.
Being at home, he again began to provide for his parents and to
care for them. During the long evenings he had many talks with his
father, asking questions concerning the rites of the people, chiefly
desiring to learn what was necessary in war and ceremonial organiza-
tion of a war party. Learning what he wanted to know, the young
man did not make his heart's desire known to the No°'-ho°-zhi°-ga,
but appointed himself as Do-do°-ho°-ga without any men, and alone
went to No°-zhi°-zho (vigil), remaining six days. On the seventh day
he returned, selected the men he wished to accompany him on a war
party, telling them of the enemy he was going to attack, as they
were the ones who had captured and abused him.
Before starting the young leader made request for the wa-xo-be in
bis brother's possession, but was refused, on the ground that he was a
ghost and not a brother, and it would be lost. Determined to go on
the war party, the young man v/as sure he could make up his own songs
406 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull, loo
and wi-gi-o (hirincr tho march, and his warriors beinfi: wiHin*]: to go on
with him without tlie wa-xo-be, they went. He had with him the
spirit of revenge all the time.
As was planned, a night attack was made. Among the things taken
were the horses belonging to the chief who had adopted the young
man. These were returned to him, for which the chief showed
appreciation by signs. A young girl was captured by this war party
and scalped, her hair being used for the wa-xo-be, which is known as
the Pa-hiu-gtho°-ge Wa-xo-be. Victory being accomplished, the
young man returned to his village, and was met by his brother, who
wished to sing the songs of victory. Remembering how the wa-xo-be
had been refused him, the younger brother scorned the offer, saying
that he had his own songs and could make proper ceremonial entry
into the village. Permission was given by the No°-ho°-zhi°-ga to
make the scalp wa-xo-be.
May
7, 1916. This story, told by Wa-xthi-zhi, is substantially the
same, only the scalp wa-xo-be was worn by a warrior of the people
they attacked. He wore it on his shoulders when he was killed, and
the young leader took it. This version may be true, as the wa-xo-be
is made of bits from a number of scalps.
This wa-xo-be belonged to the ]Mi-k'i°' Wa-no° and the Ho° I-ni-
ki-shi-ga.

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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

For sale by the superintendent of documents, Washington, . C.

2 BUKEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY Ibdll. low

Personal names given in this volume are found among several

carded; the continental vowel is used entirely; the nasalized ° is used,

sidered is the accent; attention is called to the medial letters k, p, and \

b as in bad. i«" nasalized i.

5 as in thin. 'i» nasalized exploded i.

there no English equivalent. Those taken from the rituals are of

carded; the continental vowel is used entirely; the nasalized ° is used,

sideredis the accent; attention is called to the medial letters ^, p, and t

*i" nasalized exploded i.

a, an interrogation sign, used at the a'-ba-dsu-ge, bent downward,

down the fence, a'-shpi-nc-tha, you wiped it out.

a'-shpa-tsi-zhe, you acted in despera- when a ritual by the

desperation, flat (palm) of the hand,

by holding one back, my hand,

a'-shpa-t'u, you prevented him from o'-ga-bi-ta i, we touched it with the

o°-ga-ba-t'u i, we prevented him from a-biu'-s©) to check the flow of blood;

a'-bi-50°-dse, to press to the ground. ni'-te a-thi-da ha, water freezes on

a'-pi-50"-dse, I pressed it to the you.

LA FLBSCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY

t'-da-ga-xe — continued, '-do°-ba zhi — continued.

o°-ga-do°-ba i, we escorted him. a'-a-ga-gi-ge, I sprinkled water,

/-do-do°, incursion. a'-tha-ga-gi-ge, you sprinkled water,

/-do°-ba zhi, unconcerned; non- '-ga-50°-dse, to shingle the roof of a

i'-ga-50"-d8e — continued. i' -ga-ha (Om. same), on top of, or on

zho° o°-ga-5pe, a tree fell on me. I'-ga-ha-mi — a-ga-ha, over; mi,

'-ga-xthe a-ta, toward the wind, a'-gtha-ge, revulsion; a sudden with-

a-gthi°'-sa-to" (Om. same), fifteen. a'-gtho" (Om. same), to place one

a'-gthi°-gi-wa-to°-ga, chairman. To member.

a-gthi" gthe-btho° iise wi° thi°-ge a'-a-gthu-5ta, I bandaged my own

a'-gthi° ha, excellent; excess. o"'-ga-gthu-5ta i, we bandaged our

a'-hiu-ha, their arms. A ritual term, a'-ki-da a-ba zho°'-zhe-ga-u-gthe

'-ki-ho" — continued, '-ki-tha-zha-^a, make way for them,

a'-ko°-gthe, to envy, a'-mc-shi — continued.

that glanced away. a'-no°-5o°-dse, to prevent paper from

a'-mc-ko" u-zhi, to vaccinate. a'-no°-ku-ge — upon; no°, action of

a'-mo°-ko° o°-wo°-zhi bi a, I have the feet; ku-ge, thud thud-upon- —

'-no"-ta-xi- — a, on which to; no°, I'-pe, to invite one to go on a journey,

'-no"-tha (Om. same), to over- o°'-ga-pa i, we invited him to go

sion, and lasts from six to seven

waits for a sign of approval from out.

'-^a-gthe —continued, a'-tha-k'a be (Om. same), slope of a

object on a saddle. a'-tha-xi°, has shrunken.

a'-na-dse, you nominate. a'-thi-ku-sha, a tine in an elk's horn;

16 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULLi 109

thi"' da-se-wa-the, an adder. It a'-thi-ta (Om. same), to go across

o^-ga'-thi"" o°-ga-gtha i, we took how large?

pathway. (From a ritual.) a'-thu-xe, to take a husband.

i-u'-ki-te (Om. same), joints of the a'-xo-be, deference; respect,

ba, a prefix to denote the act of cutting ba-a'-ge — continued.

ba, a plural sign, ba-a'-ki-gtha-sho°, to turn an object

ba-a'-5e, to repel; to drive back; to upside down.

pa'-a-ge, I check the advance. upside down.

18 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BUIX. 109

ba-ba'-s'i°, to cause one's head to ba'-bthe-ka, to cut meat or bread in

ba-be'-si°, to turn the edge of any o"-ba'-ga-thu i, we made the gourds

or bending, ba'-§e, to cut hair, cord, or rope with a