Porsche Active Suspension Management PASM For Cayenne
Porsche Active Suspension Management PASM For Cayenne
Porsche Active Suspension Management PASM For Cayenne
The Cayenne models feature a levelling system with fully supporting air suspension on both axles and
the electronically regulated damping system Porsche Active Suspension Management (PASM).
The air suspension with level control makes it possible to actively adapt the ground clearance of the
Cayenne to the current driving situation or to the vehicle load.
Depending on the load, various vehicle ride heights with various suspension characteristics can be
achieved by increasing or decreasing the air volume. The amount of air needed for each air-spring strut
is determined by means of a control unit and provided via an air supply consisting of a compressor, a
solenoid valve unit and pressure accumulator.
Fig 1: Overview Of Air Suspension System Component Arrangement
Description of
No. component Qty. Position
18-inch Cayenne
Fig 1: Identifying Wheel Rim Cayenne (18-Inch)
21-inch Turbo
Fig 9: Identifying Wheel Rim Turbo Design (21-Inch)
Information
Technical data relating to the tests . → 4650TW TECHNICAL DATA/BRAKE WEAR LIMIT
Description of Tests 1-3, front . → 465002 CHECKING FRONT BRAKE DISCS (WEAR
ASSESSMENT)
Description of Tests 1-3, rear . → 465302 CHECKING REAR BRAKE DISCS (WEAR
ASSESSMENT)
A copy or print-out of the data card shown here can be used to document the measured result. The data
cards cannot be ordered.
Information
1. Actual values that are identical in all versions are already entered!
2. These values may change in the course of further development . Check them if
necessary and add the new values as required. → 4650TW TECHNICAL DATA/BRAKE
WEAR LIMIT
2. Before taking measurements (Test 1 to Test 3), enter the general data, vehicle type and the
missing nominal values (new brake disc thickness/brake disc wear limit) in the data card.
3. Carry out measurements (actual status) and enter the values in the data card.
4. If brake discs are to be replaced, carry out Test 2 with the new discs again and enter the latest
values in a new data card.
Measuring prerequisites
Nominal values
Front: Rear:
Brake disc thickness, new [mm]:
Front: Rear:
Wear limit [mm]:
max.:
Brake disc installed [mm]
WM 4X00IN GENERAL INFORMATION ON TYRE PRESSURE MONITORING (TPM)
(CAYENNE, CAYENNE GTS, CAYENNE TURBO S, CAYENNE S, CAYENNE S
E-HYBRID, CAYENNE TURBO, CAYENNE S DIESEL, CAYENNE (3.0)) > TOOLS
1 TPM control unit (KSG) with integrated central antenna (installed on the rear axle)
WM 4X00IN GENERAL INFORMATION ON TYRE PRESSURE MONITORING (TPM)
(CAYENNE, CAYENNE GTS, CAYENNE TURBO S, CAYENNE S, CAYENNE S
E-HYBRID, CAYENNE TURBO, CAYENNE S DIESEL, CAYENNE (3.0)) > GENERAL
INFORMATION ON TYRE PRESSURE MONITORING (TPM) > DESIGN AND
OPERATING PRINCIPLE > OPERATING PRINCIPLE
The 3rd generation TPM system operates on the principle of unidirectional communication between the
wheel electronics and control unit. This means that the wheel electronics can communicate with the
control unit, but the control unit cannot communicate with the wheel electronics.
The wheel electronics units send the currently measured tyre pressure, the direction of rotation, the
temperature of the air in the tyre and the remaining service life (of the battery) as well as a specific ID
from the wheel that is currently turning at specified intervals.
The wheel position is learned automatically from the side and axle specifications. The direction of
rotation of a wheel is detected by acceleration sensors in the wheel electronics (left/right detection). Axle
sensing (front axle/rear axle detection) is performed based on differentiated sound levels between the
front and rear axle, where the central antenna is fitted close to one axle (high level). The levels received
from the other axle are correspondingly low.
The wheel electronics units communicate with the control unit in various modes. Depending on the
current mode of a wheel electronics unit, it sends telegrams to the control unit at defined intervals.
Normal mode: Normal mode is active while the vehicle is driving (after Burst mode has ended).
Sleep mode: Sleep mode is activated as soon as the vehicle remains stationary for longer than 5
minutes. The wheel electronics then send no more telegrams. If the ignition is switched on while
the wheel electronics units are in Sleep mode, no tyre pressures are displayed (display in
instrument cluster: "-.-"). Tyre pressures are only displayed again when the vehicle is driving (see
Burst mode).
Burst mode: If the wheel electronics units are in Sleep mode and the vehicle is accelerated to
over 25 km/h (15 mph) from stationary, the wheel electronics units switch to Burst mode. The
wheel electronics units send their telegrams for 60 seconds at fast intervals.
If a new set of wheels is used or wheel electronics units were replaced, the TPM system must be taught.
When teaching the TPM system, the control unit stores the wheel IDs of the wheel electronics units and
assigns a position to them.
New wheel electronics units can be taught by selecting a new set of wheels in the instrument cluster.
The system is then in learning mode and re-assigns the wheel IDs that are received.
But the system also detects a wheel change if the stored information does not correspond to the
information received. The control unit then displays a message on the instrument cluster prompting you
to select the newly fitted set of wheels.
The wheel electronics units can be taught while the vehicle is driving and while it is stationary. Teaching
while driving is recommended.
A procedure in PIWIS Tester II 9818 can be used to teach the wheel IDs while driving: >>Tyre Pressure
Monitoring (TPM) system << >>Maintenance/repairs<< >>Teach wheel IDs<< >>Teach wheel IDs while
driving<<.
The wheel IDs can also be taught without using the System Tester.
Allow an idle time of at least 5 minutes before teaching the wheel IDs (wheel electronics units are
then in Sleep mode).
Briefly accelerate the vehicle to over 25 km/h (15 mph) in order to teach the wheel IDs (wheel
electronics units are then in Burst mode).
Then continue driving at any speed (even < 25 km/h or 15 mph) for max. 10 minutes.
Teaching was successful if a pressure reading is displayed in the instrument cluster for all wheel
positions.
Information
If the TPM system is to be taught while the vehicle is stationary, it is advisable to take note of the wheel
IDs and the position of all wheels and store the information together with the wheels. This can
significantly reduce the teaching time for the next wheel change.
The wheel IDs and position can be read out using PIWIS Tester II 9818 if this information is already
stored in the control unit. >>Tyre Pressure Monitoring (TPM) system<< >>Actual values and input
signals<<
Allocation of wheel electronics units using PIWIS Tester II 9818 : >>Tyre Pressure Monitoring (TPM)
system<< >>Maintenance/repairs<< >>Teach wheel IDs<< >>Teach wheel IDs while vehicle is
stationary<< >>Wheel IDs known<<.
Allocation of wheel electronics units using PIWIS Tester II 9818 : >>Tyre Pressure Monitoring (TPM)
system<< >>Maintenance/repairs<< >>Teach wheel IDs<< >>Teach wheel IDs while vehicle is
stationary<< >>Wheel IDs unknown<<.
Always observe the following procedure (instructions on the System Tester always take precedence!):
Allow an idle time of at least 5 minutes before teaching the wheel IDs (wheel electronics units are
then in Sleep mode).
As per instructions on the System Tester, pressure (at least 0.2 bar and approx. 5 seconds) at the
wheels must be reduced.
The wheel electronics registers the pressure difference (after 2 minutes at the latest) and switches
to Burst mode.
The control unit receives the telegrams from the activated wheel electronics unit and writes its
wheel ID to the specified position.
PSM is an active control system for stabilizing the vehicle at the limit of driving dynamics. Sensors
continuously determine:
Vehicle speed
Lateral acceleration
Longitudinal acceleration
Rotation rate
Information
The PSM (Porsche Stability Management) is automatically ready/switched on after each engine
start .
The vehicles are equipped with a new PSM generation with enhanced functions, which considerably
improve active safety.
Enhanced braking readiness
With enhanced braking readiness, the brake system builds up slight pressure when the accelerator is
released quickly and places the brake pads lightly on the brake discs. If the driver now presses the
brake, braking power can be achieved more quickly. This results in a shorter stopping distance.
Enhanced braking readiness always remains active, irrespective of whether PSM is on or off.
On identifying full braking - when a defined pedal pressure is exceeded - brake assist supplies the
required pressure for maximum deceleration via the PSM hydraulic unit. Brake assist can be deactivated
by switching off PSM.
Enhanced Trailer Stability Management is a support function of PSM for driving with a trailer. The system
detects swaying movements of the trailer and tries to minimize these through targeted braking. Trailer
Stability Management can be switched off by switching off PSM. When the driver presses the brake
pedal, Trailer Stability Management is activated even if PSM is switched off.
The ABS control strategy has been modified for braking on loose surfaces. A brake barrier, which helps
to reduce braking distance on gravel or snow for example, is created in front of the tires by blocking the
wheels short.
Press the PSM button. PSM switches off after a short delay.
When PSM is off, the PSM OFF warning light in the instrument panel and the indicator light in the switch
light up.
When braking, the vehicle is also stabilized when PSM is switched off!
In the following exceptional cases, it can be advantageous to switch off the PSM temporarily:
On extremely rough ground (if one or more wheels have little or no road grip - engine performance
is reduced)
When driving onto the lifting platform, bear in mind the work that needs to be carried out. In other words:
if work has to be carried out in the front footwell, the vehicle should be positioned in such a way that the
front doors can be opened far enough.
If the vehicle is a Cayenne with air suspension/levelling system, also observe the following instructions:
Switch off the levelling system manually (see Switching Off The Levelling System ).
Information
If the vehicle was raised on the lifting platform when the levelling system was switched on, it will
automatically detect levelling platform mode and switch off the levelling system.
It is no longer possible to switch the levelling system on manually in lifting platform mode.
It will not be possible to carry out level adjustment, the component test or the drive link test.
Driving the vehicle a short distance at more than 7 km/h (4 mph) will resolve this .
Switch on ignition.
The message Control switched off appears in the variable control display of the instrument panel.
Switch on ignition.
Danger of injury
Loss of torque
→ When installing new coil springs/spring struts, make sure they are assigned correctly.
→ Only use a suitable tool for removing and installing coil springs.
Information
Newly mounted tires require a bedding-in period to remove the vulcanization layer .
Customers must be informed that the full performance of new tires is achieved only after a distance
of 100 to 200 km (60 to 120 miles) has been driven. Avoid extreme driving maneuvers
(acceleration, braking) during this time .
→ After working on wheel suspension parts, when replacing the steering-angle sensor and after
changing the wheel alignment values, calibrate the steering-angle sensor using PIWIS Tester II 9818 .
→ Keep the front wheels in straight-ahead position on the measuring platform during calibration.
→ On vehicles with electromechanical steering, also re-teach the electric steering lock settings.
→ Replace the brake pads when the brake pad wear indicator light comes on, but no later than when
there is a residual pad thickness of 2 mm on each axle.
→ Replace the brake discs on each axle as soon as the brake pad wear limit is reached.
Information
Observe brake fluid quality. Use only new DOT 4 brake fluid .
The brake-fluid change interval using Super DOT4 brake fluid is two years .
This brake fluid is available under the following part numbers: Container quantity: 1 liter =
000.043.203.66. 30 liters = 000.043.203.67 .
WARNING: Installation of brake pads with the wrong brake pad quality
→ Replace the brake pads when the brake pad wear indicator light comes on, but no later than when
there is a residual pad thickness of 2 mm on each axle.
→ Replace the brake discs on each axle as soon as the brake pad wear limit is reached.
Information
Observe brake fluid quality. Use only new DOT 4 brake fluid .
The brake-fluid change interval using Super DOT4 brake fluid is two years .
This brake fluid is available under the following part numbers: Container quantity: 1 liter =
000.043.203.66. 30 liters = 000.043.203.67 .
WARNING: Installation of brake pads with the wrong brake pad quality
→ Replace the brake pads when the brake pad wear indicator light comes on, but no later than when
there is a residual pad thickness of 2 mm on each axle.
→ Replace the brake discs on each axle as soon as the brake pad wear limit is reached.
Information
Observe brake fluid quality. Use only new DOT 4 brake fluid .
The brake-fluid change interval using Super DOT4 brake fluid is two years .
This brake fluid is available under the following part numbers: Container quantity: 1 liter =
000.043.203.66. 30 liters = 000.043.203.67 .
Electronic finish-balancing (static balancing) of the wheels on the vehicle (following stationary balancing)
is not necessary. Finish-balancing is generally permitted. The operating instructions and balancing
machine manufacturer's instructions must be observed!
The function test may only be carried out on a roller-type test stand approved for all-wheel drive
vehicles.
Brake tests may only be carried out in the road driving program (High Range) on single-axle roller-type
test stands with all-wheel drive function. Requirements:
Observe specifications in the operating instructions provided by the relevant manufacturer of the axle
roller-type test stand!
Information
All conditions must be valid for 1 second because only then is roller-type test stand mode detected!
Entry conditions for roller-type test stand mode in the EPB control unit
Ignition on.
Transmission disengaged: manual transmission at idle speed, PDK in neutral position "N".
Exit conditions for roller-type test stand mode in the EPB control unit
Ignition off.
Test procedure
Once the pad contact point is reached, the first actuator pauses until the second one reaches it.
Exit roller-type test stand mode when the wheels are locking.
NOTE: The strategy is identical for grey cast-iron and PCCB brakes!
Information
When towing a vehicle, there is no power assistance available when the engine is stopped. As a result,
a lot more force has to be used when braking and steering. Always tow a vehicle at low speeds. See
also the information in the Driver's Manual.
Information
Switch ignition on (otherwise steering lock will engage and brake light and indicator light will not
function).
If, owing to circumstances, the vehicle has to be towed with an axle raised, the cardan shaft of the axle
whose wheels are turning must be removed.
In the case of long towing distances, the vehicle must be transported on a trailer.
Cap screws for M10 x 1 thread Tightening 14 Nm (10.5 +/-1 Nm (+/- 0.5
brake lines torque ftlb.) ftlb.)
Cap screws for M10 x 1 thread Tightening 14 Nm (10.5 +/-1 Nm (+/- 0.5
brake lines torque ftlb.) ftlb.)
Fig 1: Identifying ESP Connections
Cap screws for M10 x 1 thread Tightening 14 Nm (10.5 +/-1 Nm (+/- 0.5
brake lines torque ftlb.) ftlb.)
Cap screws for M10 x 1 thread Tightening 14 Nm (10.5 +/-1 Nm (+/- 0.5
brake lines torque ftlb.) ftlb.)
Cap screws for M10 x 1 thread Tightening 14 Nm (10.5 +/-1 Nm (+/- 0.5
brake lines torque ftlb.) ftlb.)
Cap screws for M10 x 1 thread Tightening 14 Nm (10.5 +/-1 Nm (+/- 0.5
brake lines torque ftlb.) ftlb.)
No. 2: Threaded M12 x 1.5 thread Tightening 60 Nm (44 +/-5 Nm (+/- 3.5
connection torque ftlb.) ftlb.)
securing
spring-strut
mount to piston
rod
No. 2: Threaded M12 x 1.5 thread Tightening 70 Nm (52 +/-5 Nm (+/- 3.5
connection torque ftlb.) ftlb.)
securing
spring-strut
mount to piston
rod (PASM
damper)
No. 3: Threaded M10 thread Tightening 60 Nm (44
connection torque ftlb.)
securing spring
strut to body
No. 1/2: Cap screws M14 x 1.5 Tightening 28 Nm (21 +/-4 Nm (+/- 3
on flow distributor thread; items 1 torque ftlb.) ftlb.)
(fluid flow) and 2
No. 2/3: Threaded M12 x 1.5 thread Tightening 90 Nm (67 +90 angular
connection securing (always replace torque ftlb.) degrees
suspension/stabilizer screws and lock
to wheel nuts after
carrier/shock removal)
absorber strut
No. 1/2: Cap M14 x 1.5 thread; Tightening 28 Nm (21 +/-4 Nm (+/- 3
screws on flow items 1 and 2 torque ftlb.) ftlb.)
distributor (fluid
flow)
No. 2/3: Threaded M12 x 1.5 thread Tightening 90 Nm (67 +90 angular
connection securing (always replace torque ftlb.) degrees
suspension/stabilizer screws and lock
to wheel nuts after
carrier/shock removal)
absorber strut
No. 1: Threaded M14 x 1.5 x 150 Tightening 120 Nm (89 +180 angular
connection securing thread (always torque ftlb.) degrees
chassis subframe to replace screws
body (front) and lock nuts
after removal)
No. 2: Threaded M14 x 1.5 x 150 Tightening 120 Nm (89 +180 angular
connection securing thread (always torque ftlb.) degrees
chassis subframe to replace screws
body (rear) and lock nuts
after removal)
No. 4: Threaded M14 x 1.5 x 102 Tightening 150 Nm (111 +90 angular
connection securing thread (always torque ftlb.) degrees
front upper trailing replace screws
arm to wheel carrier and lock nuts
after removal)
No. 4: Threaded M16 x 1.5 x 110 Tightening 150 Nm (111 +90 angular
connection securing thread (always torque ftlb.) degrees
rear upper trailing replace screws
arm to wheel carrier and lock nuts
after removal)
No. 6: Threaded M14 x 1.5 x 100 Tightening 150 Nm (111 +90 angular
connection securing thread (always torque ftlb.) degrees
lower trailing arm to replace screws
wheel carrier and lock nuts
after removal)
No. 7: Threaded M14 x 1.5 x 110 Tightening 150 Nm (111 +90 angular
connection securing thread (always torque ftlb.) degrees
lower trailing arm to replace screws
chassis subframe and lock nuts
(front) after removal)
No. 3: Threaded M16 x 1.5 thread Tightening 150 Nm (111 +90 angular
connection securing (always replace torque ftlb.) degrees
tie rod to wheel screws and lock
carrier nuts after
removal)
Cover on concave M8 thread Pressing force +26 Nm (+19 +/-1 Nm (+/- 0.5
support ftlb.) ftlb.)
No. 1: Threaded M14 x 1.5 x 150 Tightening 120 Nm (89 +180 Angle
connection thread (always torque ftlb.) degrees
securing chassis replace screws
subframe to and lock nuts
body (front) after removal)
No. 2: Threaded M14 x 1.5 x 150 Tightening 120 Nm (89 +180 Angle
connection thread (always torque ftlb.) degrees
securing chassis replace screws
subframe to and lock nuts
body (rear) after removal)
No. 4: Threaded M14 x 1.5 x 102 Tightening 150 Nm (111 +90 angular
connection thread (always torque ftlb.) degrees
securing front replace screws
upper trailing and lock nuts
arm to wheel after removal)
carrier
No. 4: Threaded M16 x 1.5 x 110 Tightening 150 Nm (111 +90 angular
connection thread (always torque ftlb.) degrees
securing rear replace screws
upper trailing and lock nuts
arm to wheel after removal)
carrier
No. 6: Threaded M14 x 1.5 x 100 Tightening 150 Nm (111 +90 angular
connection thread (always torque ftlb.) degrees
securing lower replace screws
trailing arm to and lock nuts
wheel carrier after removal)
No. 7: Threaded M14 x 1.5 x 110 Tightening 150 Nm (111 +90 angular
connection thread (always torque ftlb.) degrees
securing lower replace screws
trailing arm to and lock nuts
chassis after removal)
subframe (front)
No. 3: Threaded M16 x 1.5 thread Tightening 150 Nm (111 +90 angular
connection (always replace torque ftlb.) degrees
securing tie rod screws and lock
to wheel carrier nuts after
removal)
Fig 1: Overview Of Trailing Arm - Steel Suspension
No. 7: Return line a/f 17 thread (a/f Tightening 32 Nm (24 +/-4 Nm (+/-3
to steering gear = wrench size 17) torque ftlb.) ftlb.)
No. 7: Return line a/f 17 thread (a/f Tightening 32 Nm (24 +/-4 Nm (+/- 3
to steering gear = wrench size torque ftlb.) ftlb.)
17)
18-inch Cayenne
Fig 1: Identifying Wheel Rim Cayenne (18-Inch)
21-inch Turbo
Fig 9: Identifying Wheel Rim Turbo Design (21-Inch)