PROBLEMA 1

𝑧 4 + (4𝑖 + 5)𝑧 2 + 1 + 7𝑖 = 0
𝐸𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟á𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑧 2 , 𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑓ó𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙

2
−(4𝑖 + 5) ± √(4𝑖 + 5)2 − 4(1)(1 + 7𝑖)
𝑧 =
2(1)

−4𝑖 − 5 ± √−16 + 40𝑖 + 25 − 4 − 28𝑖

𝑧2 =
2
−4𝑖 − 5 ± √12𝑖 + 5
𝑧2 =
2
𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 (2𝑖 + 3)2 = −4 + 12𝑖 + 9 = 12𝑖 + 5 → √12𝑖 + 5 = 2𝑖 + 3
−4𝑖 − 5 ± (2𝑖 + 3)
𝑧2 =
2
−4𝑖 − 5 + 2𝑖 + 3 −4𝑖 − 5 − 2𝑖 − 3
𝑧2 = ∨ 𝑧2 =
2 2
𝑧 2 = −1 − 𝑖 ∨ 𝑧 2 = −4 − 3𝑖

𝑧 = √−1 − 𝑖 ∨ 𝑧 = −√−1 − 𝑖 ∨ 𝑧 = √−4 − 3𝑖 ∨ 𝑧 = −√−4 − 3𝑖

𝑖5𝜋
−1 − 𝑖 = √2𝑒 4

4
𝑖5𝜋 5𝜋 4 4 5𝜋
√−1 − 𝑖 = √2𝑒 8 = √2𝑐𝑜𝑠
+ 𝑖 √2𝑠𝑒𝑛
8 8
4 𝜋 4 𝜋
√−1 − 𝑖 = −√2𝑠𝑒𝑛 + 𝑖 √2𝑐𝑜𝑠
8 8
−4 − 3𝑖 = 5𝑒 𝑖(𝜋+37°)

𝑖( +
𝜋 37°
) 𝜋 37° 𝜋 37°
√−4 − 3𝑖 = √5𝑒 2 2 = √5 cos ( + ) + 𝑖√5𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( + )
2 2 2 2
37° 37°
√−4 − 3𝑖 = −√5 sen ( ) + 𝑖√5𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )
2 2
1 3 1 3
√−4 − 3𝑖 = −√5 + 𝑖√5 =− +𝑖
√10 √10 √2 √2
4𝜋 4 𝜋
𝑧1 = −√2𝑠𝑒𝑛 + 𝑖 √2𝑐𝑜𝑠
8 8
4 𝜋 4 𝜋
𝑧2 = √2𝑠𝑒𝑛 − 𝑖 √2𝑐𝑜𝑠
8 8
1 3
𝑧3 = − +𝑖
√2 √2
 1 3
𝑧4 = −𝑖
√2 √2

PROBLEMA 2
𝑦 ′ + (𝑥 2 − 1)−1 𝑦 = 1
2 −1)−1 𝑑𝑥
𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒: 𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 ∫(𝑥

𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥 1 1 𝑥−1
∫ = ∫ − ∫ = ln(𝑥 − 1) − ln(𝑥 + 1) = ln ( √ )
𝑥2 − 1 2 𝑥 − 1 2 𝑥 + 1 2 2 𝑥+1

𝑥−1
ln(√𝑥+1) 𝑥−1
𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 =√
𝑥+1

𝑥−1 ′ 𝑥−1 𝑥−1

√ 𝑦 + (𝑥 2 − 1)−1 √ 𝑦=√
𝑥+1 𝑥+1 𝑥+1
′
𝑥−1 𝑥−1
(√ 𝑦) = √
𝑥+1 𝑥+1

𝑥−1 𝑥−1
√ 𝑦 = ∫√ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1 𝑥+1

𝑥−1 √𝑥 − 1 + √𝑥 + 1
√ 𝑦 = −2 ln ( ) + √𝑥 − 1√𝑥 + 1 + 𝐶
𝑥+1 √2

𝑥+1 √𝑥 − 1 + √𝑥 + 1 𝑥+1
𝑦 = −2√ ln ( ) + 𝑥 + 1 + 𝐶√
𝑥−1 √2 𝑥−1

4 √2 + √4 4
𝑦(3) = −2√ ln ( ) + 4 + 𝐶√ = 4
2 √2 2

−2√2 ln(1 + √2) + 4 + 𝐶√2 = 4

𝐶 = 2 ln(1 + √2)

𝑥+1 √𝑥 − 1 + √𝑥 + 1 𝑥+1
𝑦 = −2√ ln ( ) + 𝑥 + 1 + 2 ln(1 + √2) √
𝑥−1 √2 𝑥−1
 PROBLEMA 3
(2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑥 + (𝑦 2 − 16)−4 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑀 = 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 𝑁 = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑥 + (𝑦 2 − 16)−4
𝑀𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 1 𝑁𝑥 = 6𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 3

𝑀𝑦 − 𝑁𝑥 = −4𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2
𝑀𝑦 − 𝑁𝑥 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 2 2
− = 2
=
𝑀 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑦
2
∫𝑦𝑑𝑦
𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒: 𝜇(𝑦) = 𝑒 = 𝑒 2𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑦 2
(2𝑥𝑦 3 − 𝑦 4 + 𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 3 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦 2 (𝑦 2 − 16)−4 )𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑓 = ∫(2𝑥𝑦 3 − 𝑦 4 + 𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 − 𝑥𝑦 4 + 𝑥𝑦 3 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 3 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑔′ (𝑦) = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 3 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦 2 (𝑦 2 − 16)−4

𝑦2
𝑔′ (𝑦) = 𝑦 2 (𝑦 2 − 16)−4 → 𝑔(𝑦) = ∫ 𝑑𝑦
(𝑦 2 − 16)4
1 𝑦−4 1 𝑦 𝑦(𝑦 2 + 48)
𝑔(𝑦) = ln ( )+ −
32768 𝑦+4 4096 𝑦 2 − 16 384(𝑦 2 − 16)6
1 𝑦−4 𝑦 𝑦(𝑦 2 + 48)
𝑓 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 − 𝑥𝑦 4 + 𝑥𝑦 3 + ln ( )+ − =𝐶
32768 𝑦+4 4096(𝑦 2 − 16) 384(𝑦 2 − 16)6

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝑦(0) = √17

1 √17 − 4 √17 √17(65)

𝐶= ln ( )+ −
32768 √17 + 4 4096 384

ln(√17 + 4) 2077√17
𝐶=− −
16384 12288
1 𝑦−4 𝑦 𝑦(𝑦 2 + 48) ln(√17 + 4) 2077√17
𝑥 2 𝑦 3 − 𝑥𝑦 4 + 𝑥𝑦 3 + ln ( )+ 2
− 2 6
=− −
32768 𝑦+4 4096(𝑦 − 16) 384(𝑦 − 16) 16384 12288

PROBLEMA 4
𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 1
𝐸𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙: 𝜆2 + 𝜆 + 1 = 0

1 √3
𝜆1,2 = − ± 𝑖
2 2
 1 √3 1 √3
Ω = {𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥, 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥}
2 2

1 √3 1 √3
𝑦ℎ = 𝐶1 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
2 2
𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴𝑥 3 + 𝐵𝑥 2 + 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷

𝑦𝑝 ′ = 3𝐴𝑥 2 + 2𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑦𝑝 ′′ = 6𝐴𝑥 + 2𝐵

𝑦𝑝′′ + 𝑦𝑝′ + 𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴𝑥 3 + (3𝐴 + 𝐵)𝑥 2 + (6𝐴 + 2𝐵 + 𝐶)𝑥 + 2𝐵 + 𝐶 + 𝐷 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 1

𝐴=1
3𝐴 + 𝐵 = 1
6𝐴 + 2𝐵 + 𝐶 = 0
2𝐵 + 𝐶 + 𝐷 = 1
𝐴 = 1, 𝐵 = −2, 𝐶 = −2, 𝐷=7
𝑦𝑝 = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 7

1 √3 1 √3
𝑦 = 𝑦ℎ + 𝑦𝑝 = 𝐶1 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 7
2 2
1 1 √3 1 1 √3 √3 1 √3
𝑦 ′ = − 𝐶1 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + − 𝐶2 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥− 𝐶1 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
2 2 2 2 2 2
√3 1 √3
+ 𝐶2 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 2
2 2
1 √3 1 √3 1 √3 1 √3
𝑦 ′ = (− 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 ) 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + (− 𝐶2 − 𝐶1 ) 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 2
2 2 2 2 2 2

𝑦(0) = 𝐶1 + 7 = 10 → 𝐶1 = 3

1 √3
𝑦 ′ (0) = − 𝐶1 + 𝐶 − 2 = 1 → 𝐶2 = 3√3
2 2 2
1 √3 1 √3
𝑦 = 3𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 3√3𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 7
2 2

PROBLEMA 5

𝑥 4 𝑦 (4) + 4𝑥 3 𝑦 (3) − 8𝑥 2 𝑦 (2) = −50

𝐸𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 (𝐶𝑎𝑢𝑐ℎ𝑦 − 𝐸𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑟):
𝜆(𝜆 − 1)(𝜆 − 2)(𝜆 − 3) + 4𝜆(𝜆 − 1)(𝜆 − 2) − 8𝜆(𝜆 − 1)
 𝜆4 − 2𝜆3 − 9λ2 + 10𝜆 = 0
𝜆(𝜆 − 1)(𝜆2 − 𝜆 − 10) = 0

1 ± √41
𝜆1 = 0, 𝜆2 = 1, 𝜆3,4 =
2
1+√41 1−√41
Ω = {1, 𝑥, 𝑥 2 ,𝑥 2 }

1+√41 1−√41
𝑦ℎ = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 𝑥 + 𝐶3 𝑥 2 + 𝐶4 𝑥 2

𝐿𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝐸𝐷 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒

𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 → 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑢

𝑦 (4) − 2𝑦 (3) − 9𝑦 ′′ + 10𝑦 ′ = −50

𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴𝑢 , 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛 1 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛
(3) (4)
𝑦𝑝′ = 𝐴, 𝑦𝑝′′ = 0, 𝑦𝑝 = 0, 𝑦𝑝 =0

10𝐴 = −50 → 𝐴 = −5
𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴𝑢 = −5𝑙𝑛𝑥
1+√41 1−√41
𝑦 = 𝑦ℎ + 𝑦𝑝 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 𝑥 + 𝐶3 𝑥 2 + 𝐶4 𝑥 2 − 5𝑙𝑛𝑥