MODULE 1

PREFLIGHT
IN THIS MODULE

YOU WILL LEARN

HOW TO
1. Describe airplanes

2. Talk about airports

3. Describe pictures and scenarios

4. Explain locations and periods of time.

5. Illustrate your routine

6. Tell Stories

7. Talk about your flights

8. Make Predictions

9. Understand Questions

chiteroicao.com
 INDICE
Class 01
DESCRIBING AIRPLANES.........................pg 01
VERB TO BE.................................................pg 03
Class 02
AIRPORT DESCRIPTION..........................pg 04
TO HAVE......................................................pg 06
THERE (TO BE)............................................pg 07
Class 03
WHERE IS IT?..............................................pg 08
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE......................pg 09
POSSESSIVES...............................................pg 10
Class 04
ARE YOU A CAPTAIN?..............................pg 11
IN, ON, AT....................................................pg 12
INDEFINITE ARTICLES..............................pg 13
Class 05
ROUTINES....................................................pg 14
SIMPLE PRESENT.......................................pg 15
Challenge #1................................................pg 16
Class 06
SOLO FLIGHT..............................................pg 17
VERB TO BE - PAST...................................pg 19
Class 07
TELL ME A STORY......................................pg 20
PAST SIMPLE...............................................pg 21
Class 08
THE FUTURE OF AVIATION...................pg 22
FUTURE SIMPLE.........................................pg 23
Class 09
WH QUESTIONS........................................pg 24
Challenge #2................................................pg 26
ANSWERS....................................................pg 29

chiteroicao.com
 CLASS 1
DESCRIBING AIRPLANES

The Cessna 152 is a simple aircraft.

The structure is very basic.
It is a single-engine airplane.
It is powered by a propeller.
It is a high wing airplane.
The landing gear is fixed.
The instruments are analogic,

C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M
The cruise speed is 85 knots and the maximum altitude is 12.000ft.
It is mostly used for flight training and recreation.

AIRPLANE PARTS
SIZE: Small, medium, big.
STRUCTURE: Simple, mid-sized, widebody, narrow body, regional.
ENGINE: Single engine, twin-engine, multi-engine (propeller, jet, turboprop)
WING POSITION: High wing, low wing.
LANDING GEAR: Fixed, retractable, tricycle, taildragger/conventional.
TECHNICAL: Cruise speed, altitude, endurance.
PURPOSE: Recreational, flight training, passenger aircraft, airliner, cargo.

MODEL ANSWER
The Cessna 152 is a small, simple and basic aircraft. It is a single-engine
airplane, powered by a propeller. The Cessna is a high wing aircraft with a
fixed landing gear. The instruments are analogic, the cruise speed is 85 knots
and the maximum altitude is 12.000ft. It’s mostly used for flight training and
recreation.

chiteroicao.com CLASS 01 - PAGE 01

 YOUR TURN

The E190...

C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M
MODEL ANSWER
The E190 is a mid-sized, modern, narrow body airliner. It is a twin-engine jet, powered
by two turbofan engines. The Embraer 190 is a low-wing aircraft with a retractable
landing gear. The cockpit is very technological with great flight screens and a heads-up
display. The cruise speed is around Mach.80 and the maximum altitude is FL410.
It’s a commercial jet used for passenger and cargo transport.

STRUCTURE:
ENGINE:
WING POSITION:
LANDING GEAR:
TECHNICAL:
PURPOSE:

STRUCTURE:
ENGINE:
WING POSITION:
LANDING GEAR:
TECHNICAL:
PURPOSE:

chiteroicao.com CLASS 01 - PAGE 02

 VERB TO BE
WHEN DO WE USE IT?
Describe something, someone or a situation.

I Am
You Are
He/ She/ It Is
We Are
You Are
They Are
C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M

STRUCTURE
AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT + VERB TO BE + COMPLEMENT
They are great mechanics.
NEGATIVE: SUBJECT + VERB TO BE + NOT + COMPLEMENT
They aren’t studying.
INTERROGATIVE: VERB TO BE + SUBJECT + COMPLEMENT + ?
Are they flying?

EXAMPLES
I am an airline pilot.
Negative: I am not an airline pilot.

My captain isn’t a very reliable pilot.

Affirmative: My captain is a very reliable pilot.

They are at JFK now.

Interrogative: Are they at JFK now?

YOUR TURN
1. Jack a great pilot but he a very good captain.

2. Congonhas and Guarulhos the main airports in São Paulo.

3. Celine and Carol going to Canada tonight.

4. Miami Tower. This is ANAC123, we going around due to bad weather.

Now, put these sentences in the negative and interrogative form.

chiteroicao.com CLASS 01 - PAGE 03

 CLASS 2
TALKING ABOUT AIRPORTS

My favorite airport is Guarulhos, in São Paulo.

Guarulhos is a busy international airport.
It's my base and I'm very familiar with the vicinities.
Guarulhos airport has 2 long, paved runways.
There is a control tower with efficient controllers.
It has low visibility approach and departure procedures.
There are 4 big and comfortable terminals.

C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M
The terminals have great facilities for passengers and crew.
There are also many security procedures and equipments.
This airport has all the necessary support for a safe operation.

AIRPORT AREAS
LOCATION: ( Name ) , in ( State )
SIZE: Regional, domestic, international
RUNWAY: Number #, (long, short, narrow wide), (paved, dirt, grass)
CONTROLLERS: Efficient, polite, non-towered.
PROCEDURE: Visual, instrument, departure, ILS.

TERMINAL: Comfortable, small, simple.

SECURITY: Bad, good, standard.

MODEL ANSWER

My favorite airport is Guarulhos, in São Paulo. Guarulhos is a busy international airport

and I’m very familiar with the vicinities. This airport has 2 long, paved runways and
there is a control tower with low visibility approach and departure procedures. The
controllers are very efficient and there are 4 big and comfortable terminals with great
facilities for passengers and crew. It also has many security procedures and equipment.
Guarulhos airport has all the necessary support for a safe operation.

chiteroicao.com CLASS 02 - PAGE 04

 YOUR TURN

WHAT’S YOUR FAVORITE AIRPORT?

My favorite airport is...

C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M
DESCRIBE THE LAST AIRPORT YOU OPERATED IN.

The last airport I operated in was...

chiteroicao.com CLASS 02 - PAGE 05

 TO HAVE
WHEN DO WE USE IT?
To indicate the possession of something.

Have I, You, We, They

Has He, She, It
Had Past

EXAMPLES

C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M
HAVE: “MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY. New York Center, this is ANAC123. We have a
fire in the cockpit and need to return immediately...”.
HAS: JFK has 4 runways.

STRUCTURE
AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + COMPLEMENT
The B787 has state-of-the-art technology.
NEGATIVE: SUBJECT + AUXILIARY + NOT + HAVE + COMPLEMENT*
The B747 doesn't have a good fuel efficiency*.
INTERROGATIVE: AUXILIARY + SUBJECT + HAVE + COMPLEMENT** + ?
Does the King Air have a good pressurization system?**

*Variation: The B747 haven’t a good fuel efficiency (British).

**Variations: Have/has + Subject + Got + Complement? // Have + Subject + Complement? (British).

YOUR TURN
1. The Cessna 152 high wings with supports.

2. The B777 a retractable landing gear.

3. I a commercial pilot’s license with Instrument rating.

4. John and Maggie a flight tomorrow, they are not coming.

5. The E195 capacity for 136 passengers.

6. My captain the loading sheet.

Now, transform these sentences into negative sentences.

chiteroicao.com CLASS 02 - PAGE 06

 THERE + to be
WHEN DO WE USE IT?
To indicate something exists.

There is Singular
There are Plural

EXAMPLES
There is: MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY. New York Center, This is ANAC123. There’s a fire

C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M
in the cockpit and we need to return immediately...”
There are: There are 4 runways in JFK.

STRUCTURE
AFFIRMATIVE: THERE (TO BE) + SUBJECT + COMPLEMENT
There are 500 airplanes in my company's fleet.
NEGATIVE: THERE (TO BE) + NOT + SUBJECT + COMPLEMENT
There isn't enough runway to land with our current weight..
INTERROGATIVE: TO BE + THERE + SUBJECT + COMPLEMENT + ?
Are there other airplanes on final?

What’s the difference between HAVE and THERE (to be)? SUBJECT
HAVE: Something or someone had possession. It belongs to them.
THERE + TO BE: Something or someone exists.

YOUR TURN

1. 2 runways in Guarulhos airport..

2. many opportunities for pilots with ICAO level 4.

3. fire services waiting for you on the gate.

4. a low visibility approach in your base airport?

5. enough fuel to reach Miami international.

Now, put these sentences in the negative form.

chiteroicao.com CLASS 02 - PAGE 07

 CLASS 3
WHERE IS IT?
C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M

In this Picture, I can see a single engine airplane that is stopped next to a highway.
In the front part of the picture, there are some dry bushes.
In the center, I can see a single-engine, low wing propeller aircraft, this airplane is white and
has a retractable landing gear.
There are two police officers in front of the left wing, I believe they are filling out a report.
There’s a white truck next to the airplane with some workers wearing reflective vests, and
there’s also a police car behind it.
I can notice a heavy traffic jam near the airplane, possibly, because of this incident.
In the background, I can see another white truck with traffic cones to isolate the area.
This picture was taken during the day.

chiteroicao.com CLASS 03 - PAGE 08

 PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
IN.......................................................................................................DENTRO
ON/ ON TOP/ OVER / ABOVE.................................................EM CIMA/ ACIMA
IN FRONT OF.................................................................................NA FRENTE DE
BEHIND............................................................................................ATRÁS
UNDER / BELOW / ON THE BOTTOM..................................EM BAIXO / ABAIXO

IN THE CENTER.............................................................................AO CENTRO

IN THE BACKGROUND...............................................................NO PLANO DE FUNDO
IN THE FOREGROUND................................................................NO PLANO DE FRENTE
C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M

NEXT TO...........................................................................................AO LADO DE

ON THE (left/right) SIDE..............................................................AO LADO (esquerdo/direito)
NEAR.................................................................................................PRÓXIMO
CLOSE TO........................................................................................PERTO DE

BETWEEN........................................................................................ENTRE
ACROSS...........................................................................................ATRAVÉS
AROUND.........................................................................................EM VOLTA

YOUR TURN

In this picture I can see a widebody aircraft that is performing a belly landing.
In the front part of the picture, there is a large grass area with runway signs and in the
center, there is a passenger Boeing 767 operated by LOT, the airplane is performing a
belly landing, this airplane is white with a blue stripe running across the fuselage, the tail is
dark blue and it has the company’s logo on it. The engine is touching the ground and there
is some fire under the fuselage, the flaps are extended and I can see lots of smoke behind
the airplane caused by the contact of the plane with the runway. In the background, I can
see some trees and the sky is clear, the picture was taken during the day.

chiteroicao.com CLASS 03 - PAGE 09

 POSSESSIVES
WHEN DO WE USE IT?
Show possession, tell a story, give context.

I MY MINE
YOU YOUR YOURS
HE HIS HIS
SHE HER HERS
IT ITS ITS
WE OUR OURS

C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M
THEY THEIR THEIRS

STRUCTURE
NOME PRÓPRIO OU ALGO ESPECÍFICO
É só colocar o ‘s: Boeing’s
*Quando a palavra já termina em S: apenas ‘ (apóstrofo)
Viracopos’ new approach procedure will be implemented in October.
Congonhas’ runway is very short.

EXAMPLES
That is my flashlight...................(O foco sou eu).
That flashlight is mine................(O foco é o objeto).
That is Maria’s flashlight...........(Especifico o dono).

YOUR TURN
1. new cockpit layout is amazing. (Boeing)

2. John and Susan are great captains company has a great training program.

3. The captain forgot flight documents.

4. The C152 is a very basic aircraft structure is very basic.

5. We needed to cancel the flight flight documents are expired.

6. You need a good study routine in order to get ICAO LEVEL.

chiteroicao.com CLASS 03 - PAGE 10

 CLASS 4
ARE YOU A CAPTAIN?

HT CREW
FLIG

CAPTAIN
FIRST OFFICER
CHIEF PURSER
FLIGHT ATTENDANT

C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M
POLICE OFFICERS DOCTOR

MECHANIC MARSHALLER FIRE FIGHTER

chiteroicao.com CLASS 04 - PAGE 11

 IN, ON, AT

IN É utilizada para indicar períodos de tempos mais longos e menos definidos,

como por exemplo, uma parte do dia, um mês, um ano, etc.

TEMPO
Parte do dia: I normally fly in the afternoon.
Exceção: Quando a parte do dia for à noite, utiliza-se at e não in: I’ll fly at night.
Ano/ Mês: I started working for LATAM in 2005. My first solo flight was in August.

LUGAR: Devemos utilizar a preposição in quando falarmos de locais maiores como cidades,
C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M

países, estados ou partes de uma casa, por exemplo:

Cidade: I will land in Rio de Janeiro.
País: I want to live in CANADA.

ON
É usado principalmente em datas e dias específicos e em superfícies de
locais. Tem a mesma tradução de in, e vamos saber sempre pelo contexto.

TEMPO
Data específica: My first Flight was on October 6th.
Dia específico: His next Flight will be on monday.

LUGAR: Sempre que falarmos de superfícies.

Runway: I’ll land on runway 23R.
Taxiway: Continue on taxiway A.

AT
É uma preposição usada em expressões que indicam horários e lugares
específicos.

TEMPO
We’ll takeoff at 3pm.
A pilot needs to reject the take at or below V1.

LUGAR
Tomorrow, he’ll land at Guarulhos airport.
The pilot requested help at the holding point.

chiteroicao.com CLASS 04 - PAGE 12

 INDEFINITE ARTICLES
WHEN DO WE USE IT?
Show possession, tell a story, give context.

A – When the next word starts with a Consonant (Consonant Sound)

Example: A fire truck, a control tower, a police officer.

AN – When the next word starts with a Vowel (Vowel Sound)

Example: An airplane, an aircraft, an airdrome, an airbus, an hour.

EXCEPTIONS

C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M
Palavras com som de “iu”.
A university, a uniformed pilot, a European company.

NOTAM
Quando for algo específico, usar o “the”
An airplane (um avião), the airplane (o avião).

YOUR TURN
Use A, AN, ON, IN, AT to complete the following setences.

1. There is ANTONOV runway 33.

2. I will have flight 2 o’clock.

3. The chief purser is the cockpit.

4. She made perfect landing runway 23.

5. bird ingestion can cause engine fire.

6. I saw Airbus A380 approaching Galeão airport.

7. “After takeoff, we’ll maintain runway heading and call São Paulo control 129.50”

Creative five sentences using:

(A)
(AN)
(IN)
(ON)
(AT)

chiteroicao.com CLASS 04 - PAGE 13

 CLASS 5
ROUTINES

WHAT DO YOU USUALLY DO BEFORE A FLIGHT?

- When I arrive at the airport;
- I gather the flight documents to see if everything is ok;
- After that, I check the flight planning and weather reports;
- Meet the crew for a briefing, that’s when we discuss about the flight;
- Then, we go to the airplane and I perform the walkaround to check the aircraft’s structure;
- And the last step is the cockpit preparation while the passengers are embarking.

C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M
WHAT ARE YOUR OBLIGATIONS DURING CRUISE?
- Pilots have many different responsibilities during cruise, for example:
- They have to configure the autopilot;
- Verify the engine parameters;
- Communicate with ATC;
- Talk to the flight attendants;
- Check their remaining fuel;
- Make sure the airplane is following the correct route; and
- Coordinate their approach time and procedures.

YOUR TURN
WHAT ARE YOUR OBLIGATIONS AFTER LANDING THE AIRPLANE?

HOW DO PILOTS HANDLE IN-FLIGHT EMERGENCIES?

chiteroicao.com CLASS 05 - PAGE 14

 SIMPLE PRESENT
WHEN DO WE USE IT?
Action that happens all the time/everyday. Facts, generalizations & scheduled events.

STRUCTURE
AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT
You work for Emirates. | He works for Emirates.
NEGATIVE: SUBJECT + AUXILIARY + NOT + VERB + COMPLEMENT
You don’t work for Emirates. | He doesn’t work for Emirates.
INTERROGATIVE: AUXILIARY + SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT

C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M
Do you work for Emirates? | Does he work for Emirates?

AUXILIARIES (negative and interrogative form).

DO: I, You, We, They.

DOES: He, She, It.

VERBS ARE IN THEIR BASIC FORM - I, YOU, WE, THEY

IN THE THIRD PERSON SINGULAR: ‘-S’, ‘-ES’ OR ‘-IES’ ARE ADDED - HE, SHE, IT

RULES WHEN USING HE, SHE, IT

1. Verb ends in Y preceded by a consonant: + ies................Study - Studies
2. Verb ends in O: + es...............................................................Go - Goes
3. Verb ends in S, SH, CH,X or Z: + es....................................Wash - Washes

EXAMPLES
The copilots manage radio communications
The copilot manages the fuel according to the takeoff weight.
The pilots don’t fill out the logbooks after each flight
As an airline pilot, does he suffer during red-eye flights?

YOUR TURN
CREATE AUDIOS TALKING ABOUT YOUR ROUTINE
What do you normally do (during cruise, after landing, in case of a depressurization?)

chiteroicao.com CLASS 05 - PAGE 15

 CHALLENGE #1

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

(RECORD AUDIOS)

1. WHAT WAS THE FIRST AIRCRAFT YOU FLEW?

2. WHAT’S YOUR FAVORITE AIRPORT?

CHALLENGE #1
3. WHAT DO YOU NEED TO DO BEFORE A FLIGHT?

4. WHAT ARE THE PILOT’S OBLIGATIONS DURING CRUISE?

5. WHAT DOES A PILOT HAVE TO DO AFTER LANDING?

DESCRIBE THIS PICTURE

chiteroicao.com CLASS 05 - PAGE 16

 CLASS 6
HOW WAS YOUR FIRST SOLO FLIGHT?

My first solo flight was in 2010, in São Paulo.

I was flying a Cessna 152.
It was a very beautiful day with clear skies and calm winds.
I was performing some touch-and-go landings with my flight instructor.
When he asked me to do one traffic pattern by myself.
I was very nervous and excited.
I did a great landing.
I was very proud of myself.

C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M
I paid a barbecue.

MODEL ANSWER
My first solo flight was in 2010, in São Paulo. I was flying a Cessna 152, and I remember
it was a very beautiful day with clear skies and calm winds. I was performing some
touch-and-go landings with my flight instructor, when he asked me to do one traffic
pattern by myself. I was very nervous and excited but I did a great landing.
I was very proud of myself, after the flight I paid a barbecue to celebrate.

YOUR TURN
HOW WAS YOUR FIRST SOLO FLIGHT?
My first solo flight was in , in .
I was flying a .
It was a day with .
I was performing with my flight instructor.
After that, I did by myself.
I was .

My first solo flight was...

chiteroicao.com CLASS 06 - PAGE 17

 TALKING ABOUT YOUR FLIGHTS

LOCATION WEATHER CONDITIONS DURATION

From _____ to _____ Sky: Clear, overcast. It was a one hour flight
Climbing out of... Wind: Calm, strong It was two-hour flight
Approaching into... Visibility: Great, restricted, poor It was a one and a half hour flight
Flying over... Day: Sunny, Rainy, windy It was a 40 minute flight

C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M
YOUR TURN
WRITE DOWN THE ANSWERS AND RECORD AUDIOS.

HOW WAS YOUR FIRST FLIGHT?

HOW WAS YOUR FIRST CHECKRIDE?

Now, try to answer with audios only (don’t write anything).

1. HOW WAS YOUR LAST SIMULATOR SESSION?

2. WHAT WAS THE BEST FLIGHT IN YOUR CAREER?

chiteroicao.com CLASS 07 - PAGE 18

 VERB TO BE - PAST
WHEN DO WE USE IT?
Talk about something that happened. Tell a story.

Verb to be - Past
I WAS HE WAS WE WERE
YOU WERE SHE WAS YOU WERE
IT WAS THEY WERE

C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M
STRUCTURE - PAST
AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT + VERB TO BE + COMPLEMENT
I was a very dedicated student pilot.
NEGATIVE: SUBJECT + VERB TO BE + NOT + COMPLEMENT
They weren’t worried about the weather conditions.
INTERROGATIVE: VERB TO BE + SUBJECT + COMPLEMENT + ?
Were you flying a Gulfstream last week?

YOUR TURN
1. My first solo Flight in 2005.
2. I working for LATAM as a copilot last year.
3. She studying English with me.
4. João and Matheus refueling the airplane last night.
5. The chief purser trying to calm down the passenger.
6. The mechanics performing the 100-hour inspection

Rewrite the previous 6 sentences into the Negative form.

1 - My first solo flight wasn’t in 2005.

2-
3-
4-
5-
6-

chiteroicao.com CLASS 07 - PAGE 19

 CLASS 7
TELL ME A STORY

WHAT WAS THE WORST EMERGENCY IN YOUR CAREER?

From what I can remember, the worst emergency situation in my career happened 3
years ago, I was flying a Boeing 737 from Curitiba to Recife, it was a night flight and the
weather was good. During our climb a passenger’s laptop caught fire due to a battery
explosion, and the other passengers started to panic, because they thought it was a

C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M
bomb, the flight attendants handled the problem very well and took care of the injured
passenger. So, I declared a MAYDAY, informed ATC about the fire onboard and
returned to Curitiba with fire and medical services on the ground. No one died, but the
owner of the laptop was badly injured.

YOUR TURN
WRITE DOWN THE ANSWERS AND RECORD AUDIOS.

WHAT WAS THE WORST PROBLEM YOU HAD IN YOUR CARRER?

From what I can remember____________________________. (INTRODUCTION)

the worst emergency situation in my career ____________. (TIME)
I was flying ___________________________________________. (SCENARIO)
The weather was _____________________________________. (WEATHER)
During _______________________________________________. (PROBLEM)
So, I __________________________________________________. (SOLUTION)
Finally, _______________________________________________. (CONSEQUENCE)

HOW WAS THE BEST FLIGHT IN YOUR CAREER?

chiteroicao.com CLASS 07 - PAGE 20

 PAST SIMPLE
WHEN DO WE USE IT?
Something that happened in the past (story, context).

STRUCTURE - PAST
AUXILIARY: DID / DIDN'T
REGULAR VERBS: + ED = Like/ Liked , Study/ Studied, Work/ Worked
IRREGULAR VERBS: Most common regular verbs (click for access)

AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT + VERB IN THE PAST + COMPLEMENT

C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M
He went to Campinas.
NEGATIVE: SUBJECT + DIDN'T + VERB IN THE PRESENT + COMPLEMENT
He didn't go to Campinas.
INTERROGATIVE: DID + SUBJECT + VERB IN THE PRESENT + COMPLEMENT + ?
Did he go to Campinas?

EXAMPLES
1. My company is changing the fleet, management bought 40 A350s.
2. Captain Robert landed in Brasilia this morning.
3. Janet didn’t take off due to bad weather.
4. Did the mechanic fix the oil leak?

YOUR TURN
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING THE PAST.
1 - I (go) from Recife to Lisbon yesterday.

2 - He is a very experienced pilot, he (fly) for Varig in the 90’s.

3 - Lufthansa 3453 (request) radar vectors due to a flight screen blackout.

4 - New York Center (tell) the pilot to stop climbing and hold at Deer Park VOR.

Now, put the sentences in the negative form.

chiteroicao.com CLASS 07 - PAGE 21

 CLASS 8
THE FUTURE OF AVIATION

ARE PLANES GOING TO FLY THEMSELVES IN THE FUTURE?

Yes, I think so. I believe that automation will be improved to increase flight safety and
autonomous passenger flights will be possible. However, there’ll still be pilots in the
cockpit. Especially, because flying is a very complex activity, I believe the pilots will act
more like managers, and will handle things like communication, paperwork, flight
attendants, passengers, evacuation procedures and solve possible issues onboard.
So, I believe that at least one pilot inside the airplane will always be needed.
C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M

WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT COCKPITS IN FUTURE?

In my opinion, cockpits will receive some very big technological advancements, like
customizable touchscreen displays, for instance. I also think that manufacturers will get
rid of most buttons and circuit breakers, giving cockpits a clean and modern aspect.
Heads-up displays will also be updated and we’ll have the most important information
projected onto the windshield. Making it easier for the pilots to make decisions, resulting
in an increase in flight safety.

YOUR TURN
WRITE DOWN THE ANSWERS AND RECORD AUDIOS.

WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS IN THE NEXT 15 YEARS?

DO YOU BELIEVE FLIGHT INSTRUCTION WILL CHANGE IN THE NEXT YEARS?

chiteroicao.com CLASS 08 - PAGE 22

 FUTURE SIMPLE
WHEN DO WE USE IT?
Talk about future events. Make predictions. Mention facts.

STRUCTURE - PAST
AUXILIARY: WILL/ WON'T

AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT + WILL + VERB + COMPLEMENT

She will take off at noon.
NEGATIVE: SUBJECT + WON'T + VERB + COMPLEMENT

C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M
She won't take off at noon
INTERROGATIVE: WILL + SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT + ?
Will She take off at noon?

EXAMPLES
1. Delta will buy the new 777 model.
2. Delta won’t buy the new 777 model.
3. Will Delta buy the new 777 model?

YOUR TURN
FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE FUTURE TENSE OF THE VERB.

1. If you keep studying hard, you a great captain. (be)

2. Airplanes themselves in the future. (fly)

3. Lufthansa 2343 in Guarulhos airport tomorrow at 10:30. (land)

4. Embraer executive jets in 2050? (produce)

5. Pilots radio communication in the future. (use)

6. I believe automation very big technological enhancements. (receive)

After that, put the sentences in the interrogative form.

chiteroicao.com CLASS 08 - PAGE 23

 CLASS 9
WHAT? WHEN? WHERE?

WHAT DO YOU LIKE MOST ABOUT AVIATION?

I like many things in Aviation but flying the airplane is what I like the most.

WHAT IS YOUR FAVORITE AIRPLANE?

My favorite airplane is the Boeing 777.
C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M

WHEN DOES A PILOT NEED TO REJECT A TAKEOFF?

A pilot needs to reject a takeoff when he/she identifies a problem, if the airplane is below V1.

WHERE DID YOU GO YESTERDAY?

I went to a small airport in Minas Gerais, but I don’t know exactly where it was

WHICH ONE IS BETTER? BOEING OR AIRBUS?

I don’t have an opinion about it, whichever pays my bills.

WHY ARE SIMULATORS IMPORTANT?

Simulators are important, because pilots can practice whatever they want.

HOW IS THE WEATHER THIS MORNING?

The weather is great, but I don’t know for how long.

HOW BIG IS YOUR AIRPLANE?

My airplane is a widebody airliner.

chiteroicao.com CLASS 09 - PAGE 24

 WH- QUESTIONS
WHEN DO WE USE IT?
Collect unknown information. Refer to something

WH -
What (O que/Qual - opções são abertas) Who (Pessoa)
When (Tempo) Why (Motivo)
Where (Localização) How (Modo)
Which (Opções Limitadas) How + Adj (How long, How far ...)
C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M

STRUCTURE
WH + AUXILIARY/ VERB TO BE + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT + ?
WHICH + SUBJECT + AUXILIARY/VERB TO BE + COMPLEMENT + ?

EXAMPLES
1. Where are you going?
2. When is she leaving?
3. Why do you like aviation?

TAG ENDINGS
Affirmative sentence, followed by a confirmation.

STRUCTURE
Affirmative sentence:
AUXILIARY/ VERB TO BE + NOT + SUBJECT.

EXAMPLES
1. The A350 is the most modern airliner in the planet, isn’t it?
2. She is a very dedicated captain, isn’t she?
3. You filed the flight plan, didn’t you?
4. Brazilian aviation authorities are the best in the world, aren’t they?

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 CHALLENGE #2
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
(RECORD AUDIOS)

1 - HOW WAS YOUR FIRST SOLO FLIGHT?

CHALLENGE #2
2 - TELL ME ABOUT A BAD WEATHER SITUATION YOU HAD AND HOW YOU
HANDLED IT.

3 - WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS IN THE

FUTURE?

4 - WHAT WOULD YOU DO IN CASE OF A DEPRESSURIZATION?

5 - WHAT’S THE IMPORTANCE OF V1?

DESCRIBE THIS PICTURE

chiteroicao.com CLASS 09 - PAGE 26

 ANSWERS
MODEL ANSWERS

CLASS 1
1. Jack is a great pilot but he isn’t a very good captain.
2. Congonhas and Guarulhos are the main airports in São Paulo.
3. Celine and Carol are going to Canada tonight.
4. Miami Tower. This is ANAC123, we are going around due to bad weather.

NEGATIVE
1. Jack isn’t a great pilot but he is a very good captain.
C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M

2. Congonhas and Guarulhos aren’t the main airports in São Paulo.

3. Celine and Carol aren’t going to Canada tonight.
4. Miami Tower. This is ANAC123, we aren’t going around due to bad weather.

INTERROGATIVE
1. Is Jack a great pilot? Is he a very good captain?*
2. Are Congonhas and Guarulhos the main airports in São Paulo?
3. Are Celine and Carol going to Canada tonight?
4. ANAC123, This is Miami Tower. Are you going around due to bad weather?*
*alteradas para o contexto fazer sentido

CLASS 2
1. The Cessna 152 has high wings with supports
2. The B777 has a retractable landing gear
3. I have a commercial pilot’s license with Instrument rating.
4. John and Maggie have a flight tomorrow, they are not coming.
5. The E195 has capacity for 136 passengers.
6. My captain has the loading sheet.

NEGATIVE
1. The Cessna 152 doesn’t have high wings with supports
2. The B777 doesn’t have a retractable landing gear
3. I don’t have a commercial pilot’s license with Instrument rating.
4. John and Maggie don’t have a flight tomorrow, they are not coming.
5. The E195 doesn’t have capacity for 136 passengers.
6. My captain doesn’t have the loading sheet.

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 ANSWERS
MODEL ANSWERS

THERE (to be)

1. There are 2 runways in Guarulhos airport..
2. There are many opportunities for pilots with ICAO level 4.
3. There are fire services waiting for you on the gate.
4. Is there a low visibility approach in your base airport?
5. There is enough fuel to reach Miami international.

NEGATIVE
C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M

1. There aren’t 2 runways in Guarulhos airport..

2. There aren’t many opportunities for pilots with ICAO level 4.
3. There aren’t fire services waiting for you on the gate.
4. Isn’t there a low visibility approach in your base airport?
5. There isn’t enough fuel to reach Miami international.

CLASS 3
1. Boeing’s new cockpit layout is amazing.
2. John and Susan are great captains. Their company has a great training program.
3. The captain forgot his flight documents.
4. The C152 is a very basic aircraft. Its structure is very basic.
5. We needed to cancel the flight. Our flight documents are expired.
6. You need a good study routine in order to get your ICAO LEVEL.

CLASS 4
1. There is an ANTONOV on runway 33.
2. I will have a flight at 2 o’clock.
3. The chief purser is in the cockpit.
4. She made a perfect landing on runway 23.
5. A bird ingestion can cause an engine fire.
6. I saw an Airbus A380 approaching at Galeão airport.
7. “after takeoff, we’ll maintain runway heading and call São Paulo control on
129.50”.

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 ANSWERS
MODEL ANSWERS

CLASS 6
1. My first solo flight was in 2005.
2. I was working in LATAM as a copilot last year.
3. She was studying English with me.
4. João and Matheus were refueling the airplane last night.
5. The chief purser was trying to calm down the passenger.
6. The mechanics were performing the 100-hour inspection
C H I T E R O I C A O . C O M

NEGATIVE
1. My first solo flight wasn’t in 2005.
2. I wasn’t working in LATAM as a copilot last year.
3. She wasn’t studying English with me.
4. João and Matheus weren’t refueling the airplane last night.
5. The chief purser wasn’t trying to calm down the passenger.
6. The mechanics weren’t performing the 100-hour inspection

CLASS 7
1. I went from Recife to Lisbon yesterday
2. He is a very experienced pilot, he flew for Varig in the 90’s.
3. Lufthansa 3453 requested radar vectors due to a flight screen blackout.
4. New York Center told the pilot to stop climbing and hold at Deer Park VOR.

Class 8
1. If you keep studying hard, you will be a great captain.
2. Airplanes will fly themselves in the future.
3. Lufthansa 2343 will land in Guarulhos airport tomorrow at 10:30.
4. Will Embraer produce executive jets in 2050?
5. Pilots will use radio communication in the future.
6. I believe automation will receive very big technological enhancements.

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