Srwa Sdiq Ahmad

University Of Garmian
Civil engineering department

Second stage
Report about:
( Water and Air Pollution )
Prepared by:
Srwa Sdiq Ahmad
Supervised by:
Mr. Sabah A.Majeed
1
2022-2023
:Answer Problem1
:Arithmetic increase method-1
Year Population Increase in population

1951 60
1961 65 5
1971 63 2-
1981 72 9
1991 79 7
2001 89 10
2011 97 8
2021 120 23
Total = 60
x 1+ x 2+ x 3+… xm 60
= =8.57 1 = x
n 7
Pn=Po+n x
P2031=120+2(8.571) = 128.571
P2041=120+2(8.571) = 137.142
P2051=120+3(8.571) = 145.713
2
2-Incremental Increase Method:
Year Populatio Increase in population Incremental increase

n
1951 60
1961 65 5
1971 63 -2 -7
1981 72 9 11
1991 79 7 -2
2001 89 10 3
2011 97 8 -2
2021 120 23 15
Total = 60 Total = 18
n(n+1) x 1+ x 2+ x 3 … xm 60 y 1+ y 2+ y 3 … ym 18
Pn=Po+n x + ∗y X̄ = = =8 ∙ 571428 y= = =3
2 n 7 n 6
1(1+1)
P 2031=120+ ( 1∗8 ∙571428 )+ ∗3=131 ∙ 571
2
2(2+1)
P 2041=120+ ( 2∗8 ∙571428 )+ ∗3=146 ∙143
2
3 (3+1)
P 2051=120+ ( 3∗8 ∙ 571428 ) + ∗3=163 ∙ 714
2
3
3-Geometric Increase Method:
% age increase in Increase in Population year

population (K) population
60 1951
8.333% 5 65 1961
-3.076% -2 63 1971
14.285% 9 72 1981
9.722% 7 79 1991
12.658% 10 89 2001
8.988% 8 97 2011
23.711% 23 120 2021
n
K
Pn=Po(1+ )
100
K= √ k 1∗k 2∗k 3∗… km=√ −9602882.17=−9 ∙ 942

m 7
1
−9 ∙ 942
P 2031=120(1+ ) =108 ∙ 0696
100
2
−9 ∙ 942
P 2041=120(1+ ) =97 ∙325
100
3
−9 ∙ 942
P 2051=120(1+ ) =87 ∙649
100
4
5
:Answer Problem2
Tare weight of evaporating dish = 54.6423 g

Weight of evaporating dish plus residue after evaporation @ 105∘C = 54.7148 g
Weight of evaporating dish plus residue after ignition @ 550∘C = 54.6818 g
Tare weight of Whatman glass fiber filter = 1.5434 g
Weight of Whatman glass fiber filter and residue after drying @ 105∘C = 1.5625 g
Weight of Whatman glass fiber filter and residue after ignition @ 550∘C = 1.5531 g
A) WTS+Tare=54.7148g , WTare=54.6423g , Vs=0.05L

WTS +Tare−WTare 54.7148−54.6423
TS= = =¿ 1.45g/L
Vs 0.05
B) WTS+Tare=54.7148g , WTFS+Tare=54.6818g , Vs=0.05L

WTS +Tare−WTFS+Tare 54.7148−54.6818
TVS= = =¿ 0.66g/L
Vs 0.05
C) WTSS+Tare+Fil=1.5531g , WTare+Filter=1.5625g , Vs=0.05L

WTSS +Tare+ Fil−WTare+ Filter 1.5531−1.5625
Tss= = =¿0.382g/L
Vs 0.05
D) WVSS+Filter+Tare=1.5531g , WFSS+Filter+Tare=1.5625g , Vs=0.05L

WVSS + Filter +Tare−WFSS+ Filter +Tare 1.5531−1.5625
VSS= = =¿-0.188
Vs 0.05
E) TS=1.45g/L , TSS=0.382g/L
TDS=TS - TSS=1.45 – 0.382=1.068g/L
6
:Answer Problem3
Parameters Arsenic Bariu Cadmium Fluorid Copper Lead Benzene Turbidit Uraniu
m e y m
Maximum 0.010mg/ 2mg/L 0.005mg/ 4mg/L 1.3mg/ 0.015mg/ 0.005mg/ 0.3 L/ μ30
Contamina L L L L L NTU
nt with
Level(MCL) filter if
without
filter is
5 NTU
Maximum 0mg/L 2mg/L 0.005mg/ 4mg/L 1.3mg/ 0mg/L 0mg/L N/A L/ μ 0
Contamina L L
nt
=Level goal
)MCLG(
:Answer Problem4
7
Use of fans instead of Air Conditioner: Air condition it gives off a lot of heat -1
which is bad for the environment. Air condition takes a lot of energy to work
.compared to fans
Use mass transit: Public transportation activates movement, in order to -2

.sustain a higher quality and standard of life
.Avoid smoking: Avoid smoking reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke -3
Adopt cleaner energy: It helps to address air pollution , climate change and -4
.human health
Start riding a bicycle: riding a bicycle is good for human health. cycling -5
.reduces car manufacturing and disposal
Plant and care for trees: planting trees is one of the best ways to improve the -6
environment. It absorbs carbon dioxide and gives back oxygen, thus fighting soil
.pollution
Don't burn trash: If you burn trash, it will cause smoke and environmental -7
.pollution
turn off engine: our study found that drivers save fuel and reduce emissions -8
.by switching off for stops as brief as short as 10 seconds
Recycle and reuse: due to recycling and reuse, less garbage is burned, as well -9
.as more cost saving
.reduce gas consumption: If we use less gas, the world will warm less -10
:Answer Problem5
8
The drinking water that comes to our house comes from the Sirwan River, that is, our
water source is the Sirwan River. Then Well is constructed which bring the water into the
project through a motor. This project has a pool called a storage pool, the water from the
project is pumped into this pool. The Alum is added through a machine that removes mud
from the water, filtering the water. It then goes from the pool to the filtration which filters
the water in a finer manner. Filtration is 3 parts, one part for large rocks, one part for small
rocks and one part for sand. the water passes through these parts. After it passes the
filtration, it enters another underground pool. In this underground pool, it is chlorinated
and cleaned of bacteria and viruses. After the water is purified it is sent through a motor
into a very large tank located at a heighy. At this time, the water is ready for consumption.
Then the water goes from this tank into an underground pipe that sends the water to the
.houses

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Srwa Sdiq Ahmad

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University Of Garmian

Civil engineering department

:Arithmetic increase method-1

Year Population Increase in population

Year Populatio Increase in population Incremental increase

% age increase in Increase in Population year

K= √ k 1∗k 2∗k 3∗… km=√ −9602882.17=−9 ∙ 942

Tare weight of evaporating dish = 54.6423 g

A) WTS+Tare=54.7148g , WTare=54.6423g , Vs=0.05L

B) WTS+Tare=54.7148g , WTFS+Tare=54.6818g , Vs=0.05L

C) WTSS+Tare+Fil=1.5531g , WTare+Filter=1.5625g , Vs=0.05L

D) WVSS+Filter+Tare=1.5531g , WFSS+Filter+Tare=1.5625g , Vs=0.05L

Use mass transit: Public transportation activates movement, in order to -2

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