Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2023

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced

Level
In Statistics S1 (WST01)
Paper 01
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Summer 2023
Question Paper Log Number 72904
Publications Code WST01_01_2306_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2023
 General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the
first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.

• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded

for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.

• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to

their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.

• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should

be used appropriately.

• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners
should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the
mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if
the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark
scheme.

• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the

principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.

• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it
with an alternative response.
 General Instructions for Marking

The total number of marks for the paper is 75.

Edexcel Mathematics mark schemes use the following types of marks:

‘M’ marks
These are marks given for a correct method or an attempt at a correct method.
In Mechanics they are usually awarded for the application of some mechanical
principle to produce an equation, e.g. resolving in a particular direction; taking
moments about a point; applying a suvat equation; applying the conservation of
momentum principle; etc.

The following criteria are usually applied to the equation.

To earn the M mark, the equation

(i) should have the correct number of terms
(ii) each term needs to be dimensionally correct

For example, in a moments equation, every term must be a ‘force x distance’

term or ‘mass x distance’, if we allow them to cancel ‘g’ s.

For a resolution, all terms that need to be resolved (multiplied by sin or cos)
must be resolved to earn the M mark.

‘M’ marks are sometimes dependent (DM) on previous M marks having been
earned, e.g. when two simultaneous equations have been set up by, for
example, resolving in two directions and there is then an M mark for solving the
equations to find a particular quantity – this M mark is often dependent on the
two previous M marks having been earned.

‘A’ marks
These are dependent accuracy (or sometimes answer) marks and can only be
awarded if the previous M mark has been earned. e.g. M0 A1 is impossible.

‘B’ marks
These are independent accuracy marks where there is no method (e.g. often
given for a comment or for a graph).

A and B marks may be f.t. – follow through – marks.

General Abbreviations

These are some of the traditional marking abbreviations that will appear in the
mark schemes:
• bod means benefit of doubt
• ft means follow through
o the symbol will be used for correct ft
• cao means correct answer only
• cso means correct solution only, i.e. there must be no errors in this part of
the question to obtain this mark
• isw means ignore subsequent working
 • awrt means answers which round to
• SC means special case
• oe means or equivalent (and appropriate)
• dep means dependent
• indep means independent
• dp means decimal places
• sf means significant figures
• * means the answer is printed on the question paper
• means the second mark is dependent on gaining the first mark

All A marks are ‘correct answer only’ (cao.), unless shown, for example, as A1 ft
to indicate that previous wrong working is to be followed through. After a
misread however, the subsequent A marks affected are treated as A ft, but
manifestly absurd answers should never be awarded A marks.

For misreading which does not alter the character of a question or materially
simplify it, deduct two from any A or B marks gained, in that part of the question
affected.

If a candidate makes more than one attempt at any question:

• If all but one attempt is crossed out, mark the attempt which is NOT
crossed out.
• If either all attempts are crossed out or none are crossed out, mark all the
attempts and score the highest single attempt.

Ignore wrong working or incorrect statements following a correct answer.

Qu Scheme Marks
1(a) eg 60 people = 1.5 large squares/6 medium squares/150 small squares or
eg 1 person = 0.025 large squares/0.6 medium squares/2.5 small squares or
eg [1 small square =] 0.4 people/[1 medium square =] 10 people/[1 large square =] 40 people B1
eg a correct f.d. eg 60/(20 – 10) [= 6]
eg a correct frequency, 100, 70, 20, 24 associated with the appropriate bar
8 15 40 30
eg  20 or  24 or 8  2 or 0.8 15 or or or 8  5  0.4
10 30 2.5 2.5 M1
2 15  0.4 or 16 or 12 or 70  0.4
28 people A1
(3)
(b) 5 5
Median = [5] +  37 or [10] −  33 M1
70 70
= 7.642... awrt 7.64 A1
(2)
(c)  midpoint  freq = 2.5  100 + 7.5  70 + 15  60 + 25  20 + 45  24= 3255 M1
"3255"
Mean = dM1
274
= 11.879… awrt 11.9 A1
(3)
Notes Total 8
(a) B1: for finding a ratio between people and area. Allow just the numbers for 1 person or for 1 square ie
0.025, 0.6, 2.5, 0.4, 1.66 or 40 or
calculating f.d. for any bar correctly, fd = 20, 14, 6, 2 or 0.8
Information may be seen on diagram. Must be clear it is a fd either by correct use, seen on axes
associated with correct bar or stated as an fd. May be implied by M1
M1: for a correct method to find the number of people between 22 and 30 km or 30 and 45 km or
between 22 and 45 km
A1: 28
NB An answer of 28 gains 3/3 unless from obvious incorrect working
(b) 5 Q − n 137 − 100 33 n − Q2 170 − 137
M1: Allow equivalent for n +  37 or 2 = or n −  5 or = oe
70 5 170 − 100 70 5 170 − 100
Q − 5 137 − 170
Allow alternative methods eg 2 =
10 − Q2 170 − 137
Allow 37.5 for 37, 137.5 for 137, 32.5 for 33
107 215
A1: awrt 7.64 or or allow awrt 7.68 or if using n + 1 Allow awrt 7640 m or 7680 m but must
14 28
have units.
(c) M1: Attempt at correct expression for  midpoint  freq - at least 3 products with correct midpoints
added with at least 1 of these products fully correct . Allow for 3255
M1: dep on M1 being awarded for dividing “their sum” by 274
3255
A1: awrt 11.9 or
274
Allow awrt 11900 m but must have units
Qu Scheme Marks
2(a) 297.8  114.8 297.82
Stw = 2304.53 − or Sww = 6089.12 − M1
15 15
Stw = 25.367... awrt 25.4 A1
Sww = 176.797 awrt 177 A1
(3)
(b) "25.367"
r= M1
5.3173  "176.797..."
= 0.82735…. awrt 0.827 or 0.828 A1
(2)
(c) "25.367..."
b=  = 4.77065... M1
5.3173
297.8 "25.367" 114.8
a= −  = −16.658.... M1
15 5.3173 15
b = 4.771 or better or a = –16.66 or better seen and w = −16.7 + 4.77t * A1*cso
(3)
(d) [On average,] for each cm/1 cm of tail length/t the weight/w increases by 4.77 g/grams B1
(1)
(e)
w = −16.7 + 4.77  2  = −7.16 or 4.77  2  = 9.54 or t =
16.7
 = 3.5 or sd = awrt 0.6 M1
4.77
 w = − 7.16 or 9.54 < 16.7 or 2 < 3.5 which is negative/weight cannot be negative A1
or for sd extrapolation since a 2 cm tail is (approx 9 sd)/(more than 3 sd) from the mean
(2)
(f) 0.827 B1ft
(1)
(g) 2 y + 10 = −16.7 + 4.77 ( x + 6 ) oe B1ft
(1)
Notes Total 13
(a) M1 for a correct expression for Stw or Sww
A1 awrt 25.4
A1 awrt 177
(b) M1 for a valid attempt at r with their Stw not equal to 2304.53 and Sww not equal to 6089.12
A1 (M2 on epen) awrt 0.827 or awrt 0.828
(c) 1st M1 for a correct method to find the value of b
2nd M1 ft their b. For a correct method to find a. Minimum shown
a = awrt 19.9 − "their b " awrt 7.65  = −16.658
A1* Both method marks must be awarded, equation stated (no fractions) and sight of (4.771 or better)
or (−16.66 or better)
(d) B1 For a suitable contextual comment that implies that as length increases by 1 cm weight increases by
4.77g. Allow multiples eg each 10 cm increase in tail length weight increases by 47.7g Allow in terms
of t and w
(e) M1 for a correct method to calculate the value of w (condone if written as a fraction) or
4.77  2  = 9.54 or correct method to find tail length when w = 0 or sd = awrt 0.6
A1 Method mark must be awarded. For –7.16 or 9.54 < 16.7 or 2 < 3.5 with a relevant explanation
stating that weight is negative. If sd = awrt 0.6 is given allow extrapolation since a 2 cm tail is (approx
9 sd)/(more than 3 sd) from the mean.
(f) B1ft follow through their answer to (b)
(g) −16.7 + 4.77( x + 6)
B1 ISW no need to be simplified. Allow equivalent eg y = − 5 The correct
2
simplified equation is y = 2.385 x + 0.96 allow awrt 2.39 and 0.96 – 0.98
Qu Scheme Marks
3(a) 3711  l =  3711 + 81 600  = 52311
 x =  = 45.814... M1
81
"52311"
 l =  "45.814..."+ 600  l =  M1
81
 l =  645.81... awrt 646 A1
(3)
(b) 2
475181  3711 
2
34088381  "52311" 
 x 2 =  −   = 3767  Var( L) = −
 81 
 M1
81  81  81
= 3767.43...   l 2 = 3767.43... = 3767.43… awrt 3770 A1
(2)
(c) 40 B1cao
(1)
(d) IQR = 5400 – 3800 [= 1600] M1
5400 + 1.5  "1600" [= 7800] or 3800 − 1.5  "1600" [= 1400] M1
7800 > 7700 and 1400 < 1600 therefore there are no outliers A1
(3)
Notes Total 9
(a) M1 for a correct method to find x or  l Allow 45.8 or better. Ignore labels
3711
M1 for a correct method to find l ft their x if it is clearly labelled or it comes from or ft
81
their  l if it is clearly labelled or comes from 3711 + 81 600
17437 52311
A1 awrt 646 or or oe
27 81
(b) M1 correct method to find Var (X) implied by awrt 3770 or a correct method to find Var (L) ft their
 l or Allow calculation of sd  x  = awrt 61.4 Ignore labels
A1 awrt 3770 labelled clearly as Var(L) or Var (L) = Var(X) or  l =  x stated or variance is not
2
34088381  "52311" 
changed by coding is stated or they have gained the answer from − 
81  81 
(c) B1 cao
(d) M1 correct method to find IQR. May be implied by a correct limit.
NB 1.5  (5400 − 3800) = 2400
M1 for a correct method to find the upper or the lower outlier boundary.
A1 both 7800 and 1400 correct and 7700 and 1600 (as the minimum not IQR) seen and explicitly
stating no outliers
Qu Scheme Marks
4(a)

B1B1

(2)
(b) 0.3  "0.98" M1
= 0.294 A1
(2)
(c) ( 0.3  0.02 ) + ("0.45" "0.04") + ("0.25" "0.06") M1
= 0.039 A1
(2)
(d) "0.25" "0.06"  0.015 
P ( C Red ) =  = "0.039"  M1,M1
"0.039"
5
= 0.3846… or A1
13
(3)
Notes Total 9
(a) B1 for 0.45, 0.25 and 0.98 Allow fractions
B1 0.04, 0.96 and 0.06, 0.94 Allow fractions
(b) M1 may ft their tree diagram if method shown 0.3 × " their 0.98"
A1 0.294 oe
(c) M1 may ft their tree diagram if method shown
A1 0.039 oe
(d) p p
M1 allow or where 0 < p < 1 and p < denominator and their (c) is a
"their part (c)" 0.039
probability or
"0.25" "0.06" 0.015
allow or where 0 < q < 1 and q > numerator
q q
"0.25" "0.06"
M1 for ft their tree diagram and their part(c) if all 3 figures shown in
"0.039"
working. We will condone num > denom
A1 awrt 0.385
NB if correct ft on numerator and denominator leads to “num” > “denom” then max score
is M0M1A0
Qu Scheme Marks
5(a) P(Y = y) 2k k k 8k 17k k M1
2k + k + k + 8k + 17k + k = 1 or 30k = 1  k = 30
1 *
 A1*
(2)
(b) k + k + 8k or 1 − (2k + 17k + k ) M1
= 13 oe awrt 0.333 A1
(2)
(c) (1 2k ) + ( 2  k ) + ( 3  k ) + ( 4  8k ) + ( 5  17 k ) + ( 6  k ) = M1
13 oe awrt 4.33 A1
3
(2)
(d) P (Y 15 − 2Y ) or [X =] 13 11 9 7 5 3 only or [Y =] 5 or 6 only M1
"17" "1"
[ P (Y 5 ) = P (Y = 5 ) + P (Y = 6 ) ] = + M1
30 30
= 3 oe A1ft
5
(3)
(e) Var (X) = 4Var(Y) M1
[E(Y 2 ) =](1 2k ) + (22  k ) + (32  k ) + (42  8k ) + (52 17k ) + (62  k ) = 302 
15 or awrt 20.1 M1

( )
2
[Var (Y ) =]" 302 "− " 13 "  = 61 or awrt 1.36  M1d
15 3  45 
Var (X ) = 244 oe
45
awrt 5.42 A1
st
ALT for 1 3 marks (4)
[E(X) =] (13  2k ) + (11 k ) + (9  k ) + (7  8k ) + (5 17k ) + (3  k ) = 19
3 or awrt 6.33 M1
[E(X ) =](13  2k ) + (11  k ) + (9  k ) + (7  8k ) + (5 17k ) + (3  k ) = 683
2 2 2 2 2 2 2

15 or awrt 45.5 M1

( )
2
[Var ( X ) =]" 683
15
"− " 190
30
" M1d
Notes Total 13
(a) M1 for finding the probabilities in terms of k. The individual probabilities must be seen either in a table
or in the calculation (but do not need to be simplified)
A1* Method mark must be awarded. For a correct equation which would lead to k = 1 30 *
NB Verification - 2 30 ( )
( 30 ) ( 30 ) ( 30 ) ( 30 ) ( 30 ) gains M1 A0
1 + 1 + 1 + 8 1 + 17 1 + 1 = 1

(b) M1 for using P(Y = 2) + P(Y = 3) + P(Y = 4) or 1 − P(Y = 1) + P(Y = 5) + P(Y = 6) Allow in terms of k or
with k = 1 30 subst or with their probabilities. Do not allow in terms of y
A1 awrt 0.333
(c) M1 for using  xP( x) At least 3 terms given Allow with k = 1 30 subst or ft their probabilities.
A1 awrt 4.33
(d) M1 forming correct inequality in Y or 13,11,9,7,5,3 seen anywhere or for 5 and 6 only. Implied by 2nd M1
M1 finding their P (Y = 5 ) + their P (Y = 6 ) or P ( X = 5 ) + P ( X = 3) eg 17k + k
A1ft ft their probabilities
(e) M1 written or used 4Var(Y) (may come at the end of the calculation) or written or used E(X) allow awrt
6.33 NB condone −2 Var(Y ) if used 4Var(Y)
2

2 2
M1 Correct method, at least 3 products correct, to find E(Y ) or E(X ) condone incorrect labels
M1d dep on the 2nd M mark being awarded. For correct use of E(Y 2 ) − [E(Y )]2 or E(X 2 ) − [E( X )]2 For
the ALT In addition to the 2nd M1 the 1st M1 must be awarded. Condone incorrect labelling
A1 awrt 5.42
Qu Scheme Marks
6(a) 0.6 B1
(1)
(b) P ( A  B)
 P ( A  B ) =  0.1 0.3 or 0.3 = M1
0.1
0.25 = 0.1 + P ( B ) − "0.03" or 0.25 = 0.1 + P ( B ) − P ( A  B ) M1
P ( B ) − 0.15
0.25 = 0.1 + P ( B ) − 0.03 or 0.3 =  P(B) = 0.18* A1*
0.1
(3)
(c)

M1
M1
B1ft
B1ft
A1

(5)
Notes Total 9
(a) B1cao
(b) P ( A  B)
M1 for use of P ( B | A) = with 0.1 and 0.3 substituted. Allow for 0.1  0.3 seen
P( A)
M1 0.25 = 0.1 + P ( B ) − p where 0  p  1 or p = P ( A  B ) oe eg 0.25 − 0.1 + p = P ( B ) (allow
any letter for P(B))
A1* P(B) = 0.18 depends on both previous M marks for a fully correct equation in terms of P(B)
(allow any letter for P(B)) followed by P(B) = 0.18
NB 0.03 used/stated with no working could get M0M1A0
Using P ( A  B ) = 0.1 P( B) then they get M0M0A0
Verification could get M1M1A0
M1 for 0.1  0.3
0.18 − 0.15
M1 for 0.25 − 0.18 − 0.1 = −0.03 or 0.3 = or 0.25 = 0.1 + 0.18 − P ( A  B )
0.1
(c) M1 for 3 circles as per either diagram. If using Diagram 2 we must see exactly 2 zeros in one of the
intersections (as shaded). (Do Not accept blank or dash instead of 0) Condone missing rectangle.
Ignore labels
M1 for 0.09 and 0.41 marked correctly in diagram – condone incorrect/no label but must be in the
left or right hand circles in 1st diagram or must have zeros (condone blank or dash) in the 2 other
regions of the circle if in 2nd diagram
B1ft their "0.03" in correct place on diagram. Correct label required
B1ft for 0.34 or ft 0.75 – "their 0.41" where their 0.41  0.5 No other ft accepted. Do not allow
0.75
A1 fully correct Venn diagram including the rectangle and all 3 labels.
SC no labels could get M1M1B0B1A0 if using 3 intersecting circles must have blanks or 0 for the
2nd M1
 Qu Scheme Marks
7(a)(i)  510 − 500 
P ( J  510 ) = P  Z   or P(Z > 0.4) M1
 25 
= 1 – 0.6554  0.3446 * A1*
(2)
(ii) d − 500
= −1.4 (calc –1.3997…) M1B1
25
d = 465 (calc 465.007) dA1
(3)
(b)
(1 − 0.3446 )
5
M1
= 0.1209… awrt 0.121 A1
(2)
(c) r − 520
= −1.0364 M1A1
k
3r − 800 − 520
= 2.5758 M1A1
k
r − 520 3r − 1320
−240 = ( 3  − "1.0364k ") − "2.5758" k or = oe ddM1
"− 1.0364" "2.5758"
k = 42.216... awrt 42 A1
r = 476.246... awrt 476 dA1
(7)
Notes Total 14
(a)(i) M1 for standardising using 500 and 25. Allow for 0.4
A1* M1 must be awarded. For 1 – 0.6554 = 0.3446 or using calc 0.34457… = 0.3446 or better
(ii) M1 correct standardisation using 500 and 25 equated to a z value where 1  z  2
500 − d
B1 correct expression with compatible signs eg = 1.4 (calc 1.3997…) or allow incompatible
25
signs with 500 − ("535"− 500)
510 − d
SC = 1.4 (calc 1.3997…) can get M0B1A0
25
dA1 dependent on M1 awarded for 465 or 465.007...
(b) M1 for ( p ) where 0 < p < 1
5

A1 awrt 0.121
(c) r − 520
M1 = z value where |z| > 1
k
r − 520
1st A1 = awrt − 1.0364 (calc 1.036433... ) (signs must be compatible)
k
3r − 800 − 520
2nd M1 = z value where |z| > 2
k
3r − 800 − 520
2nd A1 = awrt 2.5758 (calc 2.5758293…) (signs must be compatible)
k
3rd M1 (dep on both Ms) for forming a correct equation in k or r only using their z values. ISW once
3 ( −1.0364k + 520 ) − 800 − 520
correct equation seen eg –5.685k = –240 or = 2.5758 Implied by r
k
and k correct
3rdA1 for awrt 42
4th A1 for awrt 476 Must come from equations with compatible signs
NB awrt 476 and awrt 42 does not mean full marks. They could get M1A0M1A0 M1A1A1 if they do
not have accurate z values
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