This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: A420/A420M − 22

Standard Specification for

Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for
Low-Temperature Service1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A420/A420M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents

1.1 This specification2 covers wrought carbon steel and 2.1 In addition to those Referenced Documents listed in
alloy steel fittings of seamless and welded construction, cov- Specification A960/A960M, the following list of standards
ered by the latest revision of ASME B16.9, ASME B16.11, apply to this specification.
MSS SP-79, MSS SP-83, MSS SP-95, and MSS SP-97. 2.2 ASTM Standards:3
Fittings differing from these ASME and MSS standards shall A350/A350M Specification for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel
be furnished in accordance with Supplementary Requirement Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for Piping
S58 of Specification A960/A960M. These fittings are for use in Components
pressure piping and pressure vessel service at low tempera- A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
tures. of Steel Products
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided for A960/A960M Specification for Common Requirements for

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fittings where a greater degree of examination is desired. When Wrought Steel Piping Fittings
desired, one or more of these supplementary requirements shall A1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel
be specified in the order. Products—Metric
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1.3 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units 2.3 ASME Standards:
B16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Fittings4
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the
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applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-
rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding Threaded4
2.4 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:4
Section III
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units Section VIII Division 1, Pressure Vessels4
ASTM A420/A420M-22
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the Section IX
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SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system 2.5 MSS Standards:
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values MSS SP-25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings,
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the Flanges, and Unions5
standard. MSS SP-79 Socket Welding Reducer Inserts5
MSS SP-83 Steel Pipe Unions, Socket-Welding and
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- Threaded5
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- MSS SP-95 Swage(d) Nipples and Bull Plugs5
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the MSS SP-97 Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- Fittings—Socket Welding, Threaded and Buttwelding
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Ends
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting the ASTM website.
4
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as A420/A420M – 20. www.asme.org.
5
DOI: 10.1520/A0420_A0420M-22. Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-
cation SA-420 in Section II of that Code. hq.com.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

1
 A420/A420M − 22
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
NOTE 1—All requirements are maximum unless otherwise indicated.
NOTE 2—Where an ellipsis (...) appears in this table, there is no requirement.
GradeA Composition, %
C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Cu NbE V
WPL6 0.30 0.50–1.35 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.40 0.40 0.30 0.12 0.40 0.02B 0.08
WPL9 0.20 0.40–1.06 0.030 0.030 ... 1.60–2.24 0.75–1.25
WPL3C 0.20 0.31–0.64 0.05 0.05 0.13–0.37 3.2–3.8 ...
WPL8D 0.13 0.90 0.030 0.030 0.13–0.37 8.4–9.6 ...
A
When fittings are of welded construction, the symbols above shall be supplemented by the letter “W”.
B
By agreement, the limit for niobium may be increased up to 0.05 % on heat analysis and 0.06 % on product analysis.
C
Fittings made from plate or forgings may have 0.90 % max manganese.
D
Fittings made from plate may have 0.98 % max manganese.
E
Niobium and columbium are interchangeable names for the same element and both names are acceptable for use in A01.22 specifications.

2.6 ASNT Standards: shall be done either prior to or after forming at option of
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive manufacturer. Personnel performing NDE examinations shall
Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification6 be qualified in accordance with SNT-TC-1A.
3. Ordering Information 6.3 The welded joints of the fittings shall be finished in
accordance with the requirements of Paragraph UW-35 (a) of
3.1 See Specification A960/A960M. Section VIII, Division 1 of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
4. General Requirements Code.
4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to 6.4 All butt-weld tees manufactured by cold-forming meth-
the requirements of Specification A960/A960M, including any ods shall be liquid penetrant or magnetic particle examined by

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supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase
order. Failure to comply with the general requirements of
one of the methods specified in Supplementary Requirement
S52 or S53 of Specification A960/A960M. This examination

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Specification A960/A960M constitutes non-conformance with shall be performed after final heat treatment by NDE personnel
this specification. In case of conflict between the requirements qualified under the provisions of SNT-TC-1A. Only the side-
of this specification and Specification A960/A960M, this wall areas of the tee need be examined. This area is defined by
specification shall prevail. Document Preview a circle that covers the area from the weld bevel of the branch
outlet to the centerline of the body or run. Internal and external
5. Material surfaces shall be examined when size permits accessibility.
5.1 The starting material for fittings shall ASTM After the removal of any cracks, the tees shall be re-examined
be fullyA420/A420M-22
killed
steel, consisting of forgings, bars, plates, sheet, and seamless or by the original method. Acceptable tees shall be marked with
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the symbol PT or MT, as applicable, to indicate compliance.
fusion welded tubular products with filler metal added and
shall conform to the chemical requirements in Table 1. The 6.5 Stubends may be produced with the entire lap added by
steels shall be made using recognized melting practices neces- the welding of a ring, made from plate or bar of the same alloy
sary to produce steels that shall meet the impact requirements grade and composition, to the outside of a straight section of
of this specification. pipe, provided the weld is double welded, is a full penetration
joint, satisfies the requirements of 6.2 for qualifications and
6. Manufacture radiography and 7.1 for post weld heat treatment.
6.1 Forging or forming operations shall be performed by
hammering, pressing, piercing, extruding, upsetting, working, 7. Heat Treatment
bending, fusion-welding, or machining, or by a combination of 7.1 All fittings shall be furnished in the normalized, normal-
two or more of these operations. The forming procedure shall ized and tempered, annealed, or quenched and tempered
be so applied that it will not produce injurious defects in the condition. All welding shall be completed prior to the austen-
fittings. itizing heat treatment.
6.2 All welds, including welds in tubular products from 7.2 The full thickness of the material from which impact test
which fittings are made, shall be (1) made by welders, welding specimens are to be obtained shall be heat treated with a
operators and welding procedures qualified under the provi- furnace charge as specified in 10.4.2 or 10.4.3.
sions of ASME Section IX, (2) heat treated in accordance with
Section 7 of this specification, and (3) nondestructively exam- 7.3 After forming, the fittings shall be allowed to cool below
ined throughout the entire length of each weld in accordance the lower critical before applying one of the heat treatments
with Section 15 of this specification. The radiography of welds listed in 7.1.
7.4 When specified in the order, the test specimens shall be
6
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box subjected to a simulated post-weld heat treatment before
28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org. testing. The simulated post-weld heat treatment used shall be

2
 A420/A420M − 22
as shown in Table 2, unless the purchaser has otherwise 9.3 Records of the tension tests shall be certification that the
specified in the order. material of the fitting meets the tensile requirements of this
specification.
8. Chemical Composition
10. Impact Test Properties
8.1 The steel shall conform to requirements of chemical
composition for the respective material prescribed in Table 1. 10.1 Properties:
10.1.1 The notched bar impact properties of the base metal
8.2 The steel shall not contain any unspecified elements for and weld metal shall conform to the requirements of Table 4 or
the ordered grade to the extent that it then conforms to the Table 5 for the applicable grade of material.
requirements of another grade for which that element is a 10.1.2 Retest—When the average value of the three speci-
specified element having a required minimum content. mens equals or exceeds the minimum value permitted for a
8.3 The chemical composition of weld metal is not required single specimen and the value for more than one specimen is
to meet the same limits of the base materials however, the below the required average value, or when the value for one
composition of the weld deposit shall be such that it meets the specimen is below the minimum value permitted for a single
minimum mechanical and impact requirements of this specifi- specimen, a retest of three additional specimens shall be made.
cation. In general, the alloy content shall be similar to that of The value for each of these retest specimens shall equal or
the base metal but shall not exceed 6 % except in the case of exceed the required average value. When an erratic result is
fittings of 9 % nickel steel. caused by a defective specimen, or there is uncertainty in test
8.4 A product analysis is optional. procedure, a retest shall be allowed.
10.2 Procedures:
9. Tensile Properties 10.2.1 All material furnished under this specification shall
9.1 The tensile properties of the fittings material shall be tested for impact resistance at the temperature for the
conform to the requirements for the applicable grade of respective grade in Table 6. Exceptions to these requirements
material as listed in Table 3. are permissible when agreed upon between the purchaser and

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9.1.1 Longitudinal or transverse specimens cut from either producer and specified in the order, in that the impact test is
a fitting or from starting plate or pipe they were manufactured acceptable when made at temperatures different from those
shown in Table 6, provided the test temperature is at least as
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from shall be acceptable for the tension test. For fittings made
from forgings, the test specimen shall meet the requirements of low as the intended service temperature, and fittings are
Specification A350/A350M for the tension test. suitably marked in accordance with Section 19 to identify the

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9.1.2 While Table 3 specifies elongation requirements for
both longitudinal and transverse specimens, it is not the intent
reported
10.2.2
dance
test temperature.

with
The notched-bar impact test shall be made in accor-
the procedure for the simple-beam, Charpy-type
that both requirements apply simultaneously. Instead, it is
intended that only the elongation requirement that is appropri- test of Test Methods and Definitions A370 if the inch-pound
ASTM A420/A420M-22
ate for the specimen used be applicable. Unless specified by the units are specified or Test Methods A1058 if the M suffix (SI
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customer, tensile test orientation is at the discretion of the units) standard is specified. Each impact test shall consist of
manufacturer. breaking three specimens.
9.2 At least one tension test shall be made on each heat of 10.3 Specimens:
material and in the same condition of heat treatment as the 10.3.1 Notched-bar impact specimens shall be simple-beam,
finished fittings it represents provided that the wall thickness of Charpy-type A with a V-notch in accordance with Test Methods
the fitting and the representative sample thickness do not vary and Definitions A370 if the inch-pound units are specified or
more than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm]. At least one tension test per heat of Test Methods A1058 if the M suffix (SI Units) standard is
weld metal shall be made after heat treatment in the same specified. Standard specimens 10 by 10 mm in cross section
manner as the base metal. Results of the tension test of the shall be used unless the material to be tested is of insufficient
weld metal need not be reported unless Supplementary Re- thickness, in which case the largest obtainable standard subsize
quirement S51 of Specification A960/A960M is specified. impact specimens shall be used. When the size or shape of the
finished fittings is insufficient to permit obtaining the smallest
standard subsize impact specimens, an impact test by the fitting
manufacturer will not be required. The material from which the
TABLE 2 Post-Weld Heat Treatment specimens are taken shall be heat treated with a furnace charge
Grade Metal Temperature Minimum Holding Time
in accordance with 10.4.2 or 10.4.3. Impact tests shall be made
°F °C
from either the raw material from which the fittings are made
or from a finished fitting at the option of the manufacturer.
WPL6 1100–1200 595–650 1 h/in. [25 mm] 3⁄4 h min 10.3.2 Test specimens shall be obtained so that the longitu-
WPL3 1100–1150 540–620 ⁄ h/in. [25 mm] 1 h min
14
dinal axis of the specimen is parallel to the longitudinal axis of
WPL8 1050–1100 565–595 1⁄2 h/in. [25 mm] 1 h min

WPL9A 1025–1085 550–585 1 h/in. [25 mm] 2 h min

the fitting while the axis of the “V” shall be perpendicular to
A
the surface. On wall thickness over 1 in. [25 mm] the
2 in. [51 mm] thickness and over. The cooling rate shall not be less than 300 °F
[150 °C] per hour down to a temperature of 600 °F [315 °C]. specimens shall be obtained with their longitudinal axis located
1⁄2 in. [13 mm] from the outer surface.

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 A420/A420M − 22
TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements
NOTE 1—Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in this table, there is no requirement.
Grade
Requirement
WPL6 WPL9 WPL3 WPL8

Tensile strength, min ksi [MPa] 60 [415] − 95 [655] 63 [435] − 88 [610] 65 [450] − 90 [620] 100 [690] − 125 [865]
Yield strength, min ksi [MPa] 35 [240] 46 [315] 35 [240] 75 [515]

Grades
Elongation Requirements
WPL6 WPL9 WPL3 WPL8
Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans-
tudinal verse tudinal verse tudinal verse tudinal verse

Standard round specimen, or small proportional 22 12 20 ... 22 14 16 ...

specimen, min % in 4 D
Rectangular specimen for wall thickness 5⁄16 in. [7.94 30 16.5 28 18 30 20 22 ...
mm] and over, and for all small sizes tested in full
section; min % in 2 in. or 50 mm
A A A A A A A
Rectangular specimen for wall thickness less than ...
5⁄16 in. [7.94 mm]; min % in 2 in. or 50 mm (1⁄2-in.

[12.7-mm] wide specimen)

A
For each 1⁄32 in. [0.79 mm] decrease in wall thickness below 5⁄16 in. [7.94 mm], a deduction of 1.5 % (grades WPL6, WPL9, and WPL3) or 1.25 % (WPL8) for longitudinal
and 1.0 % (grades WPL6, WPL9 and WPL3) for transverse from the values shown above is permitted. The following table gives the minimum value for various wall
thicknesses:

Wall Thickness Grades

WPL6 WPL9 WPL3 WPL8
in. [mm] Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans-
tudinal verse tudinal verse tudinal verse tudinal verse

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⁄ (0.312)
5 16 [7.94] 30.0 16.5 28.0 18.0 30.0 20.0 22.0 ...
⁄ (0.281)
9 32 [7.14] 28.5 15.5 26.5 17.0 28.5 19.0 20.75 ...
1⁄4 (0.250) [6.35] 27.0 14.5 25.0 16.0 27.0 18.0 19.5 ...

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7⁄32 (0.219) [5.56] 25.5 ... 23.5 ... 25.5 ... 18.25 ...
3⁄16 (0.188) [4.76] 24.0 ... 22.0 ... 24.0 ... 17.0 ...
5⁄32 (0.156) [3.97] 22.5 ... 20.5 ... 22.5 ... 15.75 ...

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1⁄8 (0.125) [3.17] 21.0 ... 19.0 ... 21.0 ... 14.5 ...
3⁄32 (0.094) [2.38] 19.5 ... 17.5 ... 19.5 ... 13.25 ...
1⁄16 (0.062) [1.59] 18.0 ... 16.0 ... 18.0 ... 12.0 ...

Note—The preceding table gives the computed minimum elongation value for each 1⁄32 in. [0.79 mm] decrease in wall thickness. Where the wall thickness lies between
two values above, the minimum elongation value is determined by the following equations:
ASTM A420/A420M-22
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Direction of Test Equations
WPL6 WPL9 WPL3 WPL8
Longitudinal E = 48t + 15.00 48t + 13.00 E = 48t + 15.00 40t + 9.50
Transverse t = 32t + 6.50 32t + 8.00 E = 32t + 10.00 ...
where:
E = elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, %, and
t = actual thickness of specimen, in.

TABLE 4 Charpy Impact Requirements for WPL6, WPL9, and TABLE 5 Charpy Impact Requirements for WPL8
WPL3A Charpy V-Notch Impact Minimum Charpy V-Notch
Size of Specimen, Charpy V-Notch Impact Minimum Charpy V-Notch Size of Specimen, Value Required for Impact Value Without
mm Value Required for Impact Value Without mm Acceptance (Average of Requiring Retest (One
Acceptance (Average of Requiring Retest (One Specimens) Specimen Only of a Set)
Three Specimens) Specimen Only of a Set)
ft·lbf J ft·lbf J
ft·lbf J ft·lbf J
10 by 10.0 25 34 20 27
10 by 10.0 13 18 10 14 10 by 7.5 21 29 17 23
10 by 7.5 10 14 8 11 10 by 5.0 17 23 14 19
10 by 5.0 7 9 5 7 10 by 2.5 8 11 6 8
10 by 2.5 4 5 3 4
A
Straight-line interpolation for intermediate values is permitted.

10.3.3 When testing welds, the notch of the specimen shall transverse to the longitudinal axis of the weld. The axis of the
be in the welded joint and, where the diameter and wall notch shall be perpendicular to the surface.
thickness permit, the longitudinal axis of the specimen shall be 10.4 Number of Tests: