OFFICIAL (CLOSED), NON-SENSITIVE

SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

ET0716 LAN Switching and Wireless

LANSW Lab 1
IP Addressing and Networks

1. Learning Objectives
To understand IP Addressing and the way networking devices are connected with
Switch, Router and Wireless Access Point.

2. Introduction
IP Addressing
Every company network has network address. Each host, example a PC, that connects
to that network will share that same network address and with a unique host address.
Example: 192.168.10.0 is the network address, host address becomes 192.168.10.1
In this case, the first 3 numbers represent the Network and the last number the Host.
For Network address, the Host bits will be filled with 0 bit.
For Broadcast address, the Host bits will be filled with 1 bit.

192.168.10.255 is the broadcast address of network 192.168.10.0.

Note that binary 1111 1111 is decimal 255.

A subnet mask goes together with an IP address.

When subnet mask is having 1 bit, it indicates the IP address Network portion and 0
bit indicates the Host portion of the address.

For the 192.168.10.0 network, its subnet mask is 255.255.255.0

Subnet Mask:
255 255 0 0
11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000

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 LANSW Lab 1 – IP Addressing and Networks OFFICIAL (CLOSED), NON-SENSITIVE

3. Classes of IP Addressing
There are five classes of IP addresses (A through E).
Only the first three classes are used commercially. Fill up the table below:

1st Octet Network Example of a Example of Example of Default

Class Decimal (N) / Host Network Broadcast Range of Host Subnet
Range (H) Octet Address Address Addresses Mask
10.0.0.1
to
A 1 to 126 N. H. H. H 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 10.255.255.254
255.0.0.0

128.128.255.255
128 to 191 255.255.0.0
N.N.H.H
B 128.128.0.1
128.128.0.0 to
128.128.255.254
192.168.168.255
192 to 223 N.N.N.H
192.168.168.1 255.255.255.0
C
192.168.168.0 to
192.168.168.254

* Class A address starting with 127 cannot be used and is reserved for loopback and
diagnostic functions. Example of loopback address: 127.0.0.1

As we know, Internet hosts require globally unique IP addresses, but private hosts that
aren’t connected to the Internet directly can use any valid address, as long as it is
unique within the private network.

Because many private networks exist alongside public internet, “grabbing any IP
address” is strongly discouraged. Some blocks of IP are reserved for private networks:

Class Private Network address range

A 10.0.0.0/8
B 172.16.0.0/12
C 192.168.0.0/16

For small network, such as home network, network address can be 192.168.10.0 with
subnet mask 255.255.255.0.

For company with a big network, network address can be 172.16.0.0 with subnet
mask 255.255.255.0.

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LANSW Lab 1 – IP Addressing and Networks OFFICIAL (CLOSED), NON-SENSITIVE

4 Exercise

Draw a diagram to show how 4 computers can be connected to form a LAN. Name
the network device used to form the LAN.

PC 0 PC 1

PC2
PC 3

Switch is being used to

form the LAN

What are the types of cables needed to set up the LAN?

Copper Straight Through Cables
______________________________________________________________

Give a private address for the network, show in the diagram the IP addresses that you
will give to the computers.
192.168.10.0
Network Address: ____________________________
255.255.255.0
The Subnet mask for the IP addresses is:_____________________________
When we need to connect the LAN to
When will you need to use a router in a network? ____________________________
the internet
Add a router to the diagram so that the network is connected to the internet.
192.168.10.1
Give an address to the Ethernet Interface of the router: ________________________

A default gateway allows hosts to access the internet.

192.168.10.1
What address will you set for the default gateway of the network? _______________

The company decided to provide wireless connectivity for its staff and visitors.
**Unless if you add
Add to the diagram a wireless Access Point and two notebooks. wireless router, then is
Switch connected to router
Which device does the Access Point connect to? _____________________________
**Can add ACCESS POINT - PT**
Then remove ETHERNET PORT from laptops and add in wireless module

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LANSW Lab 1 – IP Addressing and Networks OFFICIAL (CLOSED), NON-SENSITIVE

Connect up the LAN with only 2 PCs and a switch in the Lab.

Configure the IP address on the PCs.

At the PC, test the connection between the PCs with the command:

ping <ip address >

Record your observation below:

Both PCs are connected and receives replies from the ping command. If
they were not connected, there will be error messages instead.
_____________________________________________________________________

If the PC receives replies from the other PC, the connection is established.

What result will you get if you ping an address that is not assigned to any of the PC?
There will not be any replies, and there will be error messages like request time
out.
In this connection, it is necessary to configure the default gateway address on the
PCs? Explain why.
No, because they are in the same network and not connected to a router, thus
default gateway is not required.
_____________________________________________________________________
For unassigned IP addresses, the packet will be sent to the assigned default
gateway, enables delivery of packets to the router
5. Conclusions

It is important to know the class of IP address as it will tell us the structure of an IP

address as to which is Network and Host portion of an address.

Subnet mask is a number used to indicate Network and Host port of an address.

A network has been designed with Switch, Router and Access Point. IP addresses are
allocated for the end devices.

Default gateway is set at the PC, it is the router interface IP address. It enables
delivery of packets to the router.

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