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1.
Key Topic of the Day: The French Revolution (1789-1799)
● Overview: A period of radical social and political upheaval in France that
fundamentally changed the course of French history.
2. Important Definitions:
● Estates-General: A legislative and consultative assembly of the different
classes (or estates) of French subjects. ● National Assembly: A revolutionary assembly formed by the representatives of the Third Estate (common people). ● The Reign of Terror: A period during the French Revolution after the First French Republic was established, marked by mass executions of "enemies of the revolution."
3. Main Points:
● Causes of the Revolution:
● Financial crisis exacerbated by France’s involvement in the American Revolution. ● Widespread famine and economic hardship. ● Enlightenment ideas challenging traditional structures of power and authority. ● Significant Events: ● 1789: Storming of the Bastille on July 14, a symbol of royal authority in the center of Paris. ● 1791: The completion of the Constitution of 1791, which established a constitutional monarchy. ● 1792-1795: The radical phase, rise of the Jacobins, and the fall of the monarchy. ● 1793: Execution of King Louis XVI. ● Key Figures: ● Louis XVI: King of France, executed in 1793. ● Marie Antoinette: Queen of France, executed in 1793. ● Maximilien Robespierre: One of the best-known leaders of the French Revolution, key figure during the Reign of Terror. ● Jean-Paul Marat: Radical journalist and politician, assassinated in 1793.
4. Examples/Illustrations:
● Symbolism of the Guillotine: Used extensively during the Reign of Terror, it
became a symbol of the revolutionary justice system. 5. Questions Raised:
● How did Enlightenment philosophies influence the goals of the
revolutionaries? ● Could the French Revolution have occurred without the influence of external debts?
6. Homework/Assignments:
● Read Chapter 5 on "The Rise and Fall of Robespierre."
● Write a short essay on "The Impact of the French Revolution on Modern Governments."
7. Additional Notes:
● The French Revolution's influence on modern political ideologies and the
concept of republicanism. ● Discussion on the legacy of the Revolution in terms of human rights and democratic principles.
8. For Next Class:
● Prepare to discuss the Napoleonic Era and how Napoleon Bonaparte
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