DOI :https://doi.org/10.36378/juatika.v6i1.

3375
JUATIKA eissn 2656-1727
JURNAL AGRONOMI TANAMAN TROPIKA pissn 2684-785X
VOL. 6 NO. 1 January 2024 Hal : 141 – 151

Exploration of Jaboticaba (Plinia cauliflora.) Cultivation in Bengkulu:

Conservation in an Optimized Environment

Annida Nurul Shabrina*, Yudi Maulana, Bhakti Karyadi

Pascasarjana Pendidikan IPA Universitas Bengkulu
Jln. WR. Supratman, No. 1 Bengkulu 38371A, Indonesia
*Email: annidanurulshabrina@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Jaboticaba (Plinia cauliflora) is a plant with numerous benefits. The destruction of its
natural habitat and illegal logging in areas where Jaboticaba grows have led to concerns about
population decline. Therefore, serious conservation efforts are necessary to protect this plant.
This research aims to plant and conserve Jaboticaba in an optimal environment in Bengkulu.
To maintain the viability of jaboticaba populations, it is essential to protect their natural habitat
and implement conservation efforts. The methods used included seedling preparation,
jaboticaba planting, and treatment and observation of soil conditions, air, light, and height gain.
The results indicated that Jaboticaba can grow in areas with soil pH 5.5; 50% soil moisture,
28℃ air temperature, 69% air humidity, and 900 µmol/m²/s light intensity. The study employed
an experimental approach to investigate the growth of Jaboticaba. The growth of Jaboticaba
from 15 cm to 30 cm was promoted within the study period through continuous care, including
watering and fertilization. The study results indicate that environmental factors play an
important role in the growth of Jaboticaba. Therefore, protecting its natural habitat in Bengkulu,
Indonesia is crucial for environmental sustainability and human health. Jaboticaba holds high
ecological, economic, and health values. The study's findings regarding the cultivation,
environmental requirements, and urgency of conservation are enlightening for safeguarding
this species for future generations.
Keywords: Jaboticaba, benefits, cultivation, conservation, optimal conditions.

Copyright © 2024. The authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Shabrina et. all Juatika Vol. 6 No.1 2024

1. INTRODUCTION environmental factors are favorable. With

The Plinia cauliflora, commonly its year-round warm weather, Bengkulu
known as the Brazilian grape tree or has the potential to support the growth of
Jaboticaba, is a fruit-bearing plant native Jaboticaba, a plant that offers numerous
to Brazil South America. Renowned for its benefits (Tawakal et al., 2022).
delectable fruit, the jaboticaba tree is Jaboticaba holds significant value in
typically of modest height, not exceeding the culinary realm due to its delectable
15 meters. Its leaves, which are oval or fruit, frequently used to produce jellies,
egg-shaped, possess a glossy green hue beverages, flour, or directly consumed
and are arranged in opposing directions (Madruga et al., 2022). Additionally, this
along the stem (Miranda et al., 2023). plant exhibits potential in the healthcare
The flowers, emerging directly from the sector and serves as a medicinal plant.
stems and branches, are small and white. The extract derived from Jaboticaba bark
Resembling grapes, the Jaboticaba fruit showcases antioxidant activity, sun
boasts thick skin, tender flesh, and petite protection factor (SPF), and the ability to
seeds. When fully ripe, this fruit exhibits a aid in wound healing (Cefali et al., 2021).
dark purple or black coloration. Notably, Furthermore, Jaboticaba bark powder is
the jaboticaba tree bears fruit directly on abundant in polyphenols, carotenoids,
its main trunk and branches, posing and dietary fiber, and has demonstrated
challenges for harvesting from the preventive effects in mouse models of
uppermost branches (Moura et al., 2022). inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-related
The jaboticaba plant has roots in colorectal cancer (Nascimento et al.,
Brazil but has now spread to different 2023). The Jaboticaba fruit is rich in
regions with tropical or subtropical phenolic compounds, flavonoids,
climates (Baptista et al., 2020). This plant anthocyanins, tannins, and phenolic
flourishes in areas that receive ample acids, offering diverse health benefits,
rainfall, have fertile soil, and experience including treating and preventing chronic
warm weather. In Brazil, Jaboticaba can diseases. Regular consumption of
be found in dense forests and moist Jaboticaba has been proven to reduce
lowland areas. Despite its Brazilian plasma total cholesterol and
origins, this plant has the ability to thrive triacylglycerol levels, enhance antioxidant
in several countries with favorable capacity, and decrease lipid peroxidation
climatic conditions, such as Indonesia in diabetic rats, highlighting its potential in
(Regina Risso Gobato, 2018). managing oxidative stress (Lamas et al.,
In Indonesia, Jaboticaba growth can 2020).
succeed in various regions, particularly in Rich in benefits, this plant is not yet
warm and humid climates like southern considered an endangered species.
Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, and However, there are concerns about
Sulawesi. However, it is crucial to population decline due to the destruction
consider that the optimal growth of this of natural habitats and illegal logging in
plant is heavily influenced by areas where Jaboticaba grows.
environmental conditions such as Protection of natural habitats and
adequate sunlight, fertile soil, and proper conservation efforts are very important to
drainage. Additionally, providing good maintain the survival of the jaboticaba
care through regular watering and population (Handayani et al., 2023).
fertilization is crucial for the successful Threats to the habitat of this species can
growth of Jaboticaba in Indonesia cause a decrease in the abundance of
(Setiawan, 2020). In the southern part of jaboticaba plants. In addition, the loss of
Sumatra, specifically in Bengkulu local biodiversity due to environmental
province, which experiences a tropical change is a significant problem that can
climate, Jaboticaba can thrive if the affect plant populations (Gill et al., 2023).
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It is crucial to prioritize managing contribution complements previous

and conservating endangered plants conservation approaches by highlighting
such as Jaboticaba to prevent further the important cultivation and
decline. Efforts such as planting, environmental aspects for long-term
collecting ecological data, and success in maintaining jaboticaba
understanding the factors driving populations. Therefore, this paper entitled
population declines can help inform "Exploration of Jaboticaba (Plinia
conservation strategies (Gill et al., 2023). cauliflora.) Cultivation in Bengkulu:
Previous research has highlighted the Conservation in an Optimal
importance of protecting natural habitats Environment".
and preventing the spread of invasive
species as crucial steps in conserving 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS
jaboticaba populations (Larkin et al., The study was conducted at
2023). Focusing on efforts to protect Bengkulu University's Center for
natural habitats, the study shows that by Biodiversity Conservation Studies,
implementing these measures, the spanning from October 8, 2023, to
potential to maintain jaboticaba November 25, 2023. An experimental
populations for future generations is more approach was employed in this research,
assured. However, in research conducted utilizing the planting and nurturing
in Bengkulu, researchers emphasized techniques for jaboticaba plants. This
more specific research related to approach entails a systematic process of
Jaboticaba cultivation in optimal preparation, planting, nurturing,
environments. This study covers the observing, and analyzing the growth and
protection of natural habitats and development of jaboticaba plants. The
broadens the scope by considering primary emphasis of this method lies in
optimal environmental factors for cultivating plants and regularly monitoring
Jaboticaba growth (Handayani et al., their growth using specific parameters
2023). such as pH and soil moisture, air
Considering the Jaboticaba plant's temperature and humidity, light intensity,
unique morphological characteristics, and plant height.
diverse benefits, and noteworthy This research did not manipulate
conservation status, it offers ecological, control variables between plant groups
economic, and social values that are but focused on observing the plants'
important to maintain. Jaboticaba can live response to the care given. Scheduled
in the Bengkulu part of Indonesia, so data collection and planned maintenance
planting and conserving this plant is were conducted using an experimental
crucial for environmental sustainability approach to understanding plant
and human health. This research interactions and their effects under
provides in-depth insights into the specific conditions (Schöb et al., 2012).
cultivation and specific environmental The Jaboticaba planting procedure can
requirements that support the optimal be seen in Figure 1.
growth of Jaboticaba. As such, its

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Figure 1. Research Procedure Diagram.

Observations are made optimal conditions for the growth of

periodically on plant growth. Observation jaboticaba plants. Several factors, such
data includes plant height growth. The as soil pH, temperature, humidity, and
resulting data is then analyzed to water availability, significantly influence
evaluate plant growth and the effect of the growth of jaboticaba seedlings
treatment on the observed parameters. (Amaral et al., 2021). The results of
observations of environmental conditions
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION can be seen in Table 1.
Observing data on environmental
conditions is essential in determining

Table 1. Results of measurements of environmental conditions at the Center for

Biodiversity Conservation Studies, Bengkulu University
Measurement Result
Soil pH 5.5
Soil Moisture 50
Temperature 28.8℃
Air humidity 69%
Area 1: 900 µmol/m²/s.
Light Intensity
Area 2: 154 µmol/m²/s.
Early Jaboticaba height 15 cm
Final Jaboticaba height 30 cm

3.1 Observation of pH and Soil crop productivity (Salim et al., 2022). The
Moisture pH value of the soil directly affects the
The jaboticaba planting procedure accessibility of nutrients to plants and
was examined by assessing the soil's pH their growth potential. Additionally, soil
level. Soil pH indicates the soil's acidity or pH influences various biological,
alkalinity and is crucial in determining chemical, and physical properties and
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processes within the soil, all of which pH level directly impacts the availability of
impact plant development and biomass nutrients to plants and their overall
production (Turhal & Turhal, 2022). growth potential. Additionally, soil pH also
Assessing environmental factors is influences a range of biological, chemical,
crucial in determining the ideal conditions and physical properties and processes
for cultivating jaboticaba plants. The within the soil, impacting plant growth and
growth of jaboticaba seedlings is affected biomass yield (Turhal & Turhal, 2022).
by various environmental factors, such as Observations were carried out at the
soil pH, temperature, humidity, and water Center for Biodiversity Conservation,
availability (Amaral et al., 2021). One of Bengkulu University. The first observation
the key aspects to observe during the measured soil pH and moisture using a
jaboticaba planting process is the soil pH. soil pH meter. The results of both
Soil pH measures soil acidity or alkalinity measurements are directly obtained from
and significantly determines crop the tool used. Measurements using a soil
productivity (Salim et al., 2022). The soil's pH meter can be seen in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Measure pH and soil moisture using a soil meter

The soil pH results obtained were moist soil with good drainage. The
5.5 and humidity 50. The pH results were number 50 for soil moisture measurement
in accordance with the correct pH for results is ideal for jaboticaba plants. Too
planting Jaboticaba. This is in much water or poor drainage can cause
accordance with literature from Neina roots to rot and damage the growth of the
(2019), which states that the ideal soil for jaboticaba tree (Yu, 2021).
planting jaboticaba trees is fertile, rich in
organic matter, and has good drainage. 3.2 Observation of Air Temperature
Jaboticaba grows well in slightly acidic and Humidity
soil with a pH of around 5.5 to 6.5. The The next observations and
soil moisture result is 50, indicating the measurements made are air temperature
soil is in an ideal moist condition. and humidity. Measurements using a
According to Merbawani et al. (2021), thermohygrometer. This measurement is
Good soil moisture values depend on the important because air temperature and
type of plant planted. However, ideal soil humidity are important factors for plant
moisture for plant growth ranges from growth and development. Higher humidity
40%-60%, including Jaboticaba. levels have been found to improve plant
The results of soil moisture growth, as they help maintain
measurements provide information about photosynthesis processes and minimize
the amount of water in the soil. This evaporation (Hoang & Kim, 2018). The
critical parameter influences various results of measuring air temperature and
aspects of soil and plant health (Ahmad humidity can be seen in Figure 3.
et al., 2016). Jaboticaba grows better in

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Figure 3. Measurement of air temperature and humidity

The results obtained for the air best in locations with a good intensity of
temperature were 28.8℃, and the air direct or semi-direct sunlight. Ideally, they
humidity was 69%. This air temperature need around 6-8 hours of direct sunlight
is a good temperature for jaboticaba daily (Saka & Okoye, 2021). Light
growth. According to Setiawan (2020), intensity measurements were carried out
Jaboticaba grows best at temperatures in two different areas. First,
ranging from 15℃ to 30℃. As a result, air measurements are taken in an area
humidity of 69% is good humidity for exposed directly to sunlight without
Jaboticaba to grow well. This is because shadows from trees or other obstructions.
Jaboticaba grows well in relatively high This area is an open space where
humidity. Ideally, around 60% to 80% of sunlight can shine without any
air humidity can support good growth for obstructions. Second, measurements are
jaboticaba trees (Handayani et al., 2023). carried out in an area that receives
It also influences the water use efficiency indirect sunlight. Even though the tree's
of plants and their sensitivity to pollution shadow slightly blocks it so it is not too
(Villalobos et al., 2016). Therefore, hot, sunlight still shines into the area.
maintaining proper air temperature and The tool used to measure light
humidity levels is essential to ensure intensity is a lux meter. The
optimal plant growth and development. measurement results are in PPFD
(Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density) or
3.4 Light Intensity Observation µmol/m²/s. The results obtained can be
Jaboticaba generally requires seen in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
sufficient sunlight to grow well. They grow

Figure 4. First area light intensity measurement

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Figure 5. Second area light intensity measurement

The results obtained from the first Saka & Okoye (2021) in their research
area measurement were 900 µmol/m²/s. that Jaboticaba requires around 6-8
The result for measurements in the hours of direct sunlight every day. This is
second area is 154 µmol/m²/s. This result very important for optimal plant growth
is in the optimal Jaboticaba growing because Jaboticaba requires sufficient
category. The most suitable light intensity light so that the photosynthesis process
for Jaboticaba to grow optimally, runs well. Exposure to direct sunlight also
according to Saka & Okoye (2021), in allows plants to carry out the energy
influencing gas exchange and chlorophyll absorption process needed to produce
fluorescence of Jaboticaba seedlings is nutrients and healthy growth (Setiawan,
around 200 µmol/m²/s to 1000 µmol/m²/s. 2020).
Jaboticaba prefers to grow in areas that
receive direct light or partial shade. 3.5 Jaboticaba Height Observation
Jaboticaba is a plant that can adapt to The rate at which jaboticaba plants
different light conditions. They grow well grow can differ greatly due to various
in direct sunlight but also tolerate partial factors such as environmental conditions,
shade. However, exposure to direct plant genetics, care, and other variables
sunlight usually provides better results in (Setiawan, 2020). The planting of
growth and fruit production (Saka & Jaboticaba plants is scheduled to
Okoye, 2021) commence on October 8, 2023. These
Based on the results of light plants will be approximately 15 cm at the
intensity measurements, jaboticaba time of planting. Figure 6 displays the
plants planted in pots are placed in areas initial photograph of the planting process
exposed to direct sunlight, as stated by in a pot.

Figure 6. Initial planting of Jaboticaba into pots in October 2023

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Observing and caring for jaboticaba ensure plants can grow optimally.
plants is a routine practice that requires According to da Silva et al. (2019),
special attention. This process involves a cleaning the potting area regularly and
series of actions, from regular watering to removing any weeds that may be growing
maintain proper soil moisture to regular too much is important. A combination of
fertilization to provide the nutrients the careful observation and programmed
plant needs. Bao (2017) states watering care helps ensure that jaboticaba plants
is essential for plant health and growth. It develop healthily and productively.
is recommended to water the plant Observation and nurture were
regularly, ensuring that the soil is moist carried out optimally, which made
but not waterlogged. Jaboticaba grow well. Jaboticaba's
In addition, cleaning the pot area growth until the end of November 2023
from weed growth is an important step to can be seen in Figure 7.
avoid competition for nutrients and

Figure 7. Jaboticaba growth end of November 2023

The height of jaboticaba plants at 4. CONCLUSION

the Center for Biodiversity Conservation, Jaboticaba or Brazilian Grape
Bengkulu University, has shown a (Plinia caulifolra.) has high ecological and
positive indication of optimal conditions. health value. Growth from 15 cm to 30
The growth has increased from 15 cm to cm at the Center for Biodiversity
30 cm, reflecting a healthy and robust Conservation at Bengkulu University
environment (Bao, 2017). Planting shows a supportive environment. This
Jaboticaba in conservation settings offers plant requires a soil pH of 5.5, humidity of
dual advantages. Firstly, it contributes to 50, temperature of 28℃, air humidity of
biodiversity conservation by preserving 69%, and light intensity of 900 µmol/m²/s
ecologically significant plant species. to grow optimally. The protection of
Secondly, Jaboticaba is renowned for its natural habitats is essential for the
rich antioxidant content, which can survival of this species. With its potential
potentially provide substantial health in the health sector and high conservation
benefits to individuals who consume it value, protecting the natural habitat of
directly or in derivative forms like juice or Jaboticaba is crucial to maintaining the
extract. Therefore, the successful survival of this species. In Indonesia,
cultivation of Jaboticaba in conservation especially in Bengkulu, Jaboticaba
centers supports nature preservation and planting and conservation promises great
presents opportunities for developing environmental and human health
nutritious products for human well-being. benefits.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT 0401
The researcher would like to da Silva, J. A. A., Teixeira, G. H. de A.,
express his deepest gratitude to the Martins, A. B. G., Citadin, I., Junior,
lecturer in the natural resources A. W., & Danner, M. A. (2019).
conservation education (KSDA) course, Advances in the propagation of
Prof. Dr. Drs. Aceng Ruyani, MS., and Dr. Jabuticaba tree Avanços na
Bhakti Karyadi, M.Pd., who has guided propagação da Jabuticabeira.
the planting process, provided direction, Revista Brasileira De Fruticultura,
and contributed many precious inputs for 41(3), 1–10.
the preparation of this research.
Gill, N. S., Stallman, J. K., Pratt, L.,
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