Recently, along with the growth of the human population, the expansion of human economic

activities has led to the rapid development of road networks around the world. Due to the
development of the roads, the traffic jams around the cities, road accidents, and accidents due to
the informally constructed roads are constantly increasing, so all the countries of the world started
paying attention to road management. There, every government started to focus on environment-
friendly road management development schemes to reduce traffic congestion by increasing
efficiency, constructing alternative roads, ensuring timely road maintenance, and ensuring road
network safety by enacting various policies and laws.

Constantly with the development of modern technology, every country in the world has compiled
and followed traffic rules and focused on managing environmentally friendly roads, and as the best
examples of that, Moreover, many Chinese cities have invested heavily in expanding their public
transportation systems, building efficient subway networks, and promoting the use of electric
buses. In addition to this, China has been developing "eco-cities" with sustainable urban planning
principles in mind (Nedopil, 2020). Furthermore, Sri Lanka's government is working on reducing
traffic congestion and accidents caused by informal roads by implementing expressway systems,
overpasses, one-way roads, and flyovers, aiming to create an efficient transport service and avoid
problematic road situations (Munasinghe & chandrasekara, 2020). This clearly reflects that every
country is constantly committed to road management by using various technical methods.
Due to the lack of proper management of the roads in every country of the world, the wealth,
burning cost and labor time of the motorists and pedestrians are greatly destroyed due to the
problems that constantly occur on the roads. These issues often stem from inadequate
infrastructure, traffic congestion, safety concerns, and a lack of consideration for diverse modes of
transport. Countries like India, China, the US, and Brazil face traffic congestion, leading to long
commute times and increased stress for motorists. (Bombay et al., 2013). Pedestrian safety is also
a concern in countries like Brazil and Mexico due to high rates of accidents caused by inadequate
crosswalks and poor adherence to traffic rules. (World Health Organization, 2023). Effective
enforcement of traffic regulations, public awareness campaigns, and driver education programs
are crucial for promoting road safety and reducing accidents. Alternative transportation methods
like biking and walking can also help alleviate traffic congestion. Addressing road issues requires
a multifaceted approach involving urban planning, infrastructure investment, safety measures, and
consideration for various modes of transportation. In order to reduce the problems related to the
above roads, GIS and RS techniques are performing a paramount mission. A further detailed
analysis is made below.

Continuously, With ever-advancing technology, the countries of the world have used GIS and RS
technology to manage roads very accurately and easily. In road management, remote sensing can
provide valuable data on road conditions, traffic patterns, and changes in the environment. This
information can help identify maintenance needs, plan improvements, and assess the impact of
weather events or accidents. GIS technology can be used to create detailed road networks, analyze
traffic flow, optimise routes, and visualise spatial relationships. By combining remote sensing data
with GIS, road authorities can make informed decisions about maintenance schedules, road
expansions, and emergency response. GIS and RS technology will be used for road management
in countries around the world. As the best examples of that, the U.S. Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA) uses GIS and RS to manage and monitor road infrastructure. They
employ satellite imagery and aerial photography to assess road conditions, plan maintenance, and
monitor construction projects (Pisano & Mahoney, 2005). As another examples for that, the Indian
government utilises GIS and RS to manage road networks. The Ministry of Road Transport and
Highways (MORTH) uses GIS to map road assets and conditions, aiding in planning and
maintenance. RS is used for surveying and monitoring road construction projects (FICCI, 2017).
Moreover, the Netherlands employs GIS and RS to manage its extensive road network. The Road
and Hydraulic Engineering Institute (Rijkswaterstaat) uses these technologies to monitor road
conditions, traffic flow, and infrastructure upgrades (Xuguang & Jianping, 2019). Apart from this,
the Australian government employs GIS and RS to manage its vast road network. Local authorities
use GIS to track road assets, plan maintenance, and respond to incidents. RS is used for monitoring
road conditions and assessing damage after natural disasters (Bureau of Infrastructure and
Transport Research Economics, 2015). According to the above fact, GIS and RS technology play
a paramount role in road management and decision-making for rulers.

The Colombo -Kandy, high-level road, Colombo- Mathara and Colombo - Negambo can be
identified as peak roads in the Colombo urban area of Sri Lanka. Among them, the main reason
for the congestion on the Colombo high- level road is the location of the southern express way
entrance (Makubura), the increase in the number of private vehicles and highway buses coming
from there daily and another reason is the number of private vehicles and buses going to the city
of Colombo using the high- level road daily. With these high level roads, there has been heavy
traffic. Out of that, accidents have increased on the high-level road. Also problems have been
created in connection with the high-level road due to the low development of the roads in Horana
and Awissawella (urban transport system development, 2014). For the examples for that, A day
more than 30,000 private vehicles travel on the Makubura to Nugegoda and high-level road carries
around 3000 buses a day (urban transport system development, 2014).To address road issues, to
propose a light railway concept in Colombo, a multi- store car park in Narahenpita and telecom
car park in Petta were implemented for traffic vehicle parking. This clearly reflects the fact that
road- related problems are constantly arising in the Colombo area.

Several researches have been conducted in order to reduce the road problems that are
constantly occurring in the city of Kottawa. That is, research topics are to “Streaming
safe vehicle & pedestrians movement through a traffic management scheme” (Maduwanthi et
al., 2015) and “Traffic management scheme to ease vehicle & pedestrians movement in the
Kottawa town” (Maduwanthi et al., 2016). But the aforementioned research the combined set of
remote sensing and geographic information system methods has not been used for data
visualization in any scientific studies in this area. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to
fill this research gap by determining the importance of launching research to reduce the problems
faced by pedestrians and motorists by using GIS and RS techniques for road management in the
area from Homagama to Nugegoda of high-level road.

In conclusion, the integration of GIS and remote sensing technology holds great potential for
addressing road management issues faced by motorists and pedestrians. By utilising these
technologies, authorities can gather real-time data, analyse traffic patterns, identify hazardous
areas, and optimise infrastructure planning. This can lead to safer roads, improved traffic flow,
and enhanced pedestrian safety. Continued advancement in GIS and remote sensing will likely
play a pivotal role in the future of road management. According to the above facts, the topic is
timely and significant.