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    21uec094 DL Exp4

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    21uec094 DL Exp4

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    You are on page 1of 11

    Design Lab-2

    Laboratory report submitted for the partial fulfillment


    of the requirements for the degree of

    Bachelor of Technology
    in
    Electronics and Communication Engineering

    by

    Name –Parishita Agrawal


    Roll No - 21UEC094

    Course Coordinator
    Dr. Rohit Rana

    Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering


    The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jaipur

    February 2024
    Copyright © The LNMIIT 2024
    All Rights Reserved

    Chapter 1

    Experiment - 4

    1.1 AIM

    1. Simulate M-QAM modulator and Demodulator.


    1.2 Software Used

    MATLAB

    1.3 Theory

    1
    1.4 Tasks
    1.4.1 Task 1

    clc close
    all clear
    all
    N=10^3;
    n=N;
    SNR_DB=0:3:20;
    SNR_LIN=10.^(SNR_DB./10); N_SD=sqrt(1./SNR_LIN); for
    i=1:length(SNR_LIN) alphabet=[3,1,-1,-3]; x1=randsrc(1,n,alphabet);
    x2=randsrc(1,n,alphabet); x=x1+1j.*x2;
    noise=(1./sqrt(2)).*(N_SD(i)).*complex(randn(1,N),randn(1,N));
    y1=(1./sqrt(10)).*x+noise; y=(sqrt(10)).*y1; for k=1:N
    if(real(y(k))>=2) realdetected(k)=3;
    elseif(real(y(k))<2 && real(y(k))>=0) realdetected(k)=1;
    elseif(real(y(k))<0 && real(y(k))>=-2) realdetected(k)=-1;
    else
    realdetected(k)=-3;
    end
    end for k=1:N
    if(imag(y(k))>=2)
    imagdetected(k)=3;
    elseif(imag(y(k))<2 && imag(y(k))>=0) imagdetected(k)=1;
    elseif(imag(y(k))<0 && imag(y(k))>=-2) imagdetected(k)=-1;
    else
    imagdetected(k)=-3;
    end
    end
    detected=realdetected+1j.*imagdetected; error(i)=size(find(x-
    detected),2)/n;
    end
    error_th=1.5*erfc(sqrt(SNR_LIN/10));
    semilogy(SNR_DB,error_th,'-o'); hold
    on
    semilogy(SNR_DB,error,'-+');grid on title("SNR vs BER qam")

    2
    Published with MATLAB® R2022b
    2

    1.4.2 Task 2

    clc close
    all clear
    all

    N=10^5;
    SNR_DB=0:3:10;
    SNR_LIN=10.^(SNR_DB./10); for
    i=1:length(SNR_DB)
    N_SD=sqrt(1./SNR_LIN(i));
    sim('simul_1.slx');
    error(i)=ans.simout1;
    end display(error);
    error_th=1.5*erfc(sqrt(SNR_LIN/10));
    semilogy(SNR_DB,error_th,'-o'); hold
    on semilogy(SNR_DB,error,'-+'); grid
    on title("SNR vs BER qpsk")

    error =

    1 0 0 0

    4
    1
    1.4.3 Task 3

    clc close
    all clear
    all

    N=10^5;
    SNR_DB=0:3:10;
    SNR_LIN=10.^(SNR_DB./10); for
    i=1:length(SNR_DB)
    N_SD=sqrt(1./SNR_LIN(i));
    sim('simul_qam.slx');
    error(i)=ans.simout1;
    end display(error);
    error_th=1.5*erfc(sqrt(SNR_LIN/10));
    semilogy(SNR_DB,error_th,'-o'); hold
    on semilogy(SNR_DB,error,'-+'); grid
    on title("SNR vs BER qam")

    error =

    2 0 0 0

    6
    1.5 Simulink

    Simulink BPSK

    Simulink QAM
    7
    1.6 Conclusion
    1. Utilized Dev C++ to generate C++ code for the modulator, facilitating efficient simulation.

    2. Compared simulated results with theoretical Bit Error Rate (BER) calculations for QPSK and
    16-QAM.

    3. Successfully plotted simulated BER curves for both QPSK and 16-QAM transceivers,
    providing insight into system performance under varying signal-to-noise ratios.

    8
    9

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