OE-EE 801 (D) - EE - 2022-23

JALPAIGURI GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE
[A GOVERNMENT AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE]

JGEC/B.TECH/ EE/ OE-EE801(d)/ 2022-23
2023
SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS
Full Marks: 70 Times: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Candidates are instructed to write the answers in their own words as far as practicable.
GROUP-A
[OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS]
Answer all questions 5×2=10
1. With proper example, discuss the difference between primary and secondary transducer. 2
2. What do you mean by piezoresistive effect of a gauge? 2
3. What is the working principle of rotary variable differential transformer? 2
A quartz piezo-electric crystal having a thickness of 3 mm and voltage sensitivity of 0.055 V-m/N is
4. subjected to a pressure of 2 MN/m2. Calculate the voltage output. If the permittivity of quartz is 40.6×10-12 2
F/m, calculate its charge sensitivity.
5. What is thermistor? 2
GROUP-B
[LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS]
Answer any four questions 4×15 = 60
6. a) Explain in brief about the “scale error” of a transducer. 4
b) Derive an expression of loading-error of a resistive potentiometer. Also, draw a curve indicating the 5
variation of error w.r.t. input-displacement.
c) The output of a potentiometer is to be read by a recorder of 5kΩ input resistance. The non-linearity must 6
be held to 1 percent. A family of potentiometers having a thermal rating of 10W and resistances ranging
from 100Ω to 5kΩ in steps of 100Ω are available. Choose from the family of potentiometers, a
potentiometer that has the greatest possible sensitivity and which meets the non-linearity requirements.
ind the maximum excitation voltage permissible with this potentiometer. hat is the sensitivity if the
potentiometer is a single turn 3 0 unit)?
7. a) What is gauge factor of a strain gauge? Derive an expression of gauge factor in terms of resistance 5
change due to change in length, area and piezoresistive effect.
b) A compressive force is applied to a structural member. The strain is 6 micro-strain. Two separate strain 5
gauges are attached to the structural member, one is a nickel wire strain gauge having a gauge factor of -
12.1 and the other is nichrome wire strain gauge having a gauge factor of 2. Calculate the value of
resistance of the gauges after they are strained. The resistance of strain gauges before being strained is
100Ω.
c) Where the semiconductor strain gauges are used? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of 5
semiconductor strain gauges.
8. a) Use the following values of resistance vs. temperature for a RTD to find the linear and quadratic 6
approximations of resistance between 0C and 120C about a mean temperature of 105C.
Temp. C 90 95 100 105 110 115 120
Resistance Ω 562.66 568.03 573.4 578.77 584.13 589.48 594.84
b) State working principle of Thermocouple. Mention name along with their temperature range and 4
composition of two commonly used thermo-couple.
c) Explain the construction and working principle of a linear voltage differential transformer (L.V.D.T.). 5
Draw and explain the characteristic curve of output voltage vs. displacement of an LVDT.
9. a) The output of an LVDT is connected to a 10V voltmeter through an amplifier whose amplification 5
factor is 250. An output of 4 mV appears across the terminals of LVDT when the core moves through a
distance of 0.5 mm. calculate the sensitivity of the LVDT and that of the whole setup. The milli-
voltmeter scale has 100 divisions. The scale can be read to 1/5th of a division. Calculate the resolution of
the instrument in mm.
b) Explain the construction and working principle of an error detecting type Synchro.
c) With neat sketch, briefly discuss the working principle of a capacitive transducer based on the change in 5
area of plates of capacitor. 5
10. a) A parallel plate capacitive transducer uses plates of area 400 mm2 which are separated by a distance 0.4 6
mm. Calculate the value of capacitance when the dielectric is air having a permittivity of 8.85×10 -12
F/m.
i. Calculate the change in capacitance if a linear displacement reduces the distance between the
plates to 0.35 mm. Also calculate the ratio of per unit change of capacitance to per unit change
of displacement.
ii. Suppose a mica sheet 0.02 mm thick is inserted in the gap. Calculate the value of original
capacitance and change in capacitance for the same displacement. Also calculate the ratio of per
unit change of capacitance to per unit change of displacement. The electric constant of mica is 6
8.
b) Derive expressions for voltage and charge sensitivities for piezo-electric transducers. Also, draw the 3
equivalent circuit of piezo-electric transducer.
c) A Hall-effect transducer is used for the measurement of a magnetic field of 0.6 Wb/m2. The 3 mm thick
slab is made of Bismuth for which the Hall’s co-efficient is -1×10-6 V-m/(A-Wbm-2) and the current is
5A. Determine the output voltage.
11. a) Discuss the applications of Hall-effect transducers. 6

b) Explain Villari Effect. Describe the functioning of a magneto-elastic accelerometer. 4
c) Write short notes on: (i) Photo-diode, and (ii) Film-sensors. 5
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JALPAIGURI GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE

[A GOVERNMENT AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE]

Full Marks: 70 Times: 3 Hours

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

11. a) Discuss the applications of Hall-effect transducers. 6

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