ELBOW DISLOCATION ANATOMY © The elbow is a Hinge-type synovial joint made up of HUMERUS,ULNA,RADIUS these Anterior: Posterior: connect the upper arm and forearm. Capitulum ‘Wochlen * It consists of two separate articulating surface’s they are, 1. Trochlear noteh of ulna to the Trochlea of humerus. 2. Head of the radius and the Capitulum of Headof the humerus. as © Like all synovial joints there's a capsule enclosing the Elbow joint ,this stabilize the flexing and extending motion of the arm. © The capsule strengthened by — Me Lateral LIGAMENTS medially and laterally, (i one capste BB Arner exert tna otaerl ligament 1. Radial Collateral ligament on the lateral side extending from Lateral Epicondyle and blending with annular ligament. [Ey rac conatrat igament 2 The Ulnar Collateral ligament originates from the Medial Epicondyle and attaches to the coronoid process and the aiceps Olecranon of the ulna. a mse Humerus © There are tendons in the elbow that attach — «:Pstendon pape fot muscles to the bone Radius 4 Una Scanned with CamScanner© The arterial supply to the Elbow joint is from CUBITAL ANAS TAMOSIS. NERVE supply is provided by the- RADIAL nerves anteriorly - ULNAR nerves posteriorly. © Movement’s of the joint are extension and flexion of the forearm. INTRODUCTION * Elbow dislocation occurs when the bones of the joint are separated or forced out of alignment. # Ut can be painful causing the elbow to be unstable and unable to move. * Dislocation damages _the ligaments of the elbow and also damage the surrounding muscles,tendon and nerves. © The incidence of injury is Normal Anatomy Fracture dislocation estimated to be 29 events per 100,000 people over the age of 16. * [tis also common in toddler's (Nursemaids Elbow). CAUSES © Most elbow dislocations are caused by falling on outstretched hand. © Motor vehicle accidents. Scanned with CamScanner© Sports injuries. © Overuse can also cause dislocation. * In toddler's distocation is caused when lifting by holding the forearm. * Sudden pulling of the forearm can also cause dislocation. © Insome cases such as Ehlers- danlos syndrome (loose joints) causes dislocation Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome SIGNS & SYMPTOMS TYPES Generally there are two types, A |. SIMPLE Elbow dislocation: The radius and ulna I L Severe pain. © Obvious distortion of the joint. © Swelling © Tenderness. © Deformity. ¢ Weakness in the joint. © Toddlers with dislocation often avoid using the arm. articulate with the humerus at the elbow, when a st the radius and ulna are separated from the humerus without any fracture is called simple dislocation. Ir af Scanned with CamScanner2. COMPLEX Elbow dislocation: These are dislocations that occur along with fractures ‘or damage to the surrounding ligaments nerves, muscles tendons. RISK FACTORS AGE- Young children’s elbow are much more flexible than adults so it’s easier for young elbows to be dislocated. 2. HEREDITY- Some people are born with loose elbow joints. 3. SPORTS - Dislocation can also occur when engaging in weight bearing sports. COMPLICATIONS ‘© FRACTURES - sometimes the force that cause dislocation can also cause facture along with dislocation, * PINCHED NERVES - Nerves that travel across the elbow get pinched or trapped between the dislocation and can cause numbness. © TRAPPED ARTERIES - lack of blood supply is caused when the arteries are pinched or trapped between the dislocation this causes severe pain and permanent tissue damage. ‘* AVULSION FRACTURE - In some dislocation the stretched ligament will pull of a tiny bit of bone from it's attachment point. © OSTEOARTHRITIS - The dislocated joint maybe at a higher risk of developing osteoarthritis due to fracture. Scanned with CamScannerINVESTIGATION L Xray 2. CT Sean 3. MRI TREATMENT & MANAGEMENT * Some dislocated elbow can go back into place by themselves. * Treatment can vary according to the severity of dislocation. 1 MANIPULATION : Return the bone to the normal position by manually using weight or traction. This is also called reduction. 2. MEDICATION : To relieve pain and relax muscles before Reduction. REDUCTION 3. REST : Once the joint is back in place, it should be kept immobile to heal Using a sling can be Forinsnstos pionionponewinenie ups ation tig eb donna vatun sales thewas helpful, fratermne=>olern sp aly ar 8 Plies sy eer A Sey 8g mata xa argo tte. get aura cin sapped wit cozaon ge wih ‘post fang aod) 4. PHYSICAL THERAPY : th Mild exercise to strengthen the muscles and tendons in the elbow to help support it after it heals. 5S. SURGERY : Only if, © Any dislocated bones have fracture. Scanned with CamScanner'* Torn ligaments need to be reattached. '* Damaged nerves or blood vessels in the elbow. Radial head dislocation nated _ Ube, PREVENTION © Gaution can help reduce or avoid dislocated elbow. © Avoid overtraining in sports to avoid overuse injuries. © Avoid lifting or swinging small children by their ADAM. arm, Scanned with CamScanner