DDIC NOTES

1. What is SAP?
SAP stands for system application and products in data processing.
SAP is the German based multinational company established in 1972 and it is a world’s
largest producer of ERP software which establishes a centralized system for businesses,
fostering an environment where each department can easily access and collaborate on
shared data.

2. WHAT IS ERP?
ERP stands for enterprise Resource planning.
ERP is a software which is used to maintain entire business centrally.
ERP is a comprehensive approach to efficiently managing the core business processes of
an organization in an integrated system.
These integrated system makes business faster and smoother.

3. WHAT IS ABAP?
ABAP Stands for Advanced Business Application Programming. ABAP is the fourth-
generation programming language and technical module of SAP, which is used to
develop the business applications related to SAP. With the help of ABAP, one can
customize SAP according to the requirement.

4. WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE?
In SAP, "architecture” refers to the overall design and structure of the SAP system
landscape. It defines how the different layers of the system are connected.
It has three layers.

• Presentation layer
• Application layer
• Database layer
It has three types i.e.

R/1 Architecture:
R/1 is introduced in the year 1972, all the layers are present in same platform.
R/2 Architecture:
It was introduced in 1982, here presentation layer present on one platform and
application and database layer is on another platform.
R/3 Architecture:
It was introduced in 1992, along with ECC. Here all the layers are in different platform, it
allows client server architecture,

The main advantage is any changes done in one layer does not affect the other layer.
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Advantages

• Improves data integrity: Here, all the updated information goes through the second
tier. The second tier can ensure that only important information is allowed to be
updated in the database
• Improved scalability: since the application servers can be deployed on many
machines.
• Security is improved since the client does not have direct access to the database;
• Balancing of load is much easier with division of core business from the server of
the database

5. WHAT IS LANDSCAPE?
The combination of different servers in SAP or arrangement of different servers
horizontally known as landscape.
Landscape has three different servers i.e., Development server, quality assurance server
and production server.

Development server is responsible for development activities for developing the

software, it has three clients i.e., Sandbox client, Golden client and development-testing
client
The Development landscape is dedicated to developing and customizing SAP
applications. Developers use this environment to configure and tailor the system
according to business requirements.
In the initial stages of any implementation project, you are given a sandbox server
where you do all the configuration/customization as per the company's business
process. whatever you do in the Sandbox doesn't affect the other servers or clients.

Whenever we are satisfied with the configuration, we move it Golden Client because it
has all the correct configuration settings which have been tested and are error free.
You cannot change any settings in the golden client.

The Quality Assurance landscape is used for testing changes made in the Development
landscape. It ensures that modifications don't negatively impact the system's stability
and functionality before moving them to the live environment.

1. Functional testing to validate that individual functions work correctly.

2. Integration testing to verify that various components work well together.
3. Performance testing to assess system responsiveness under different conditions.
4. Training activities to prepare end-users for system changes.

The Production landscape is the live environment where SAP applications support day-
to-day business operations. It houses the actual business data and transactions.
 DDIC NOTES

6. COMPONENT OF WORK-PROCESS?

Screen Processor: the screen processor transfers the user request data with the help of Gui
(Graphical user interface) to the ABAP processor for the logic execution.
ABAP Processor: The ABAP Processor executes the processing logic of the application
program and communicates with the database interface.
Database Interface: It works for establishing and terminating connections between the work
process and the database. And it is responsible for converting Open SQL to the native SQL

7. TYPES OF WORK PROCESS?

DIALOG WORK PROCESS: Dialog work process deals with user requests in dialog steps.
UPDATE WORK PROCESS: Update work process executes update requests.
They collect update requests from dialog work processes and apply them to the database in
a serialized manner to avoid conflicts.
BACKGROUND WORK PROCESS: Background work process execute program that run without
user interaction.
These processes are responsible for running programs/tasks that do not require user
interaction. Background work processes are essential for tasks such as data archiving, batch
job execution, and report generation.
ENQUEUE WORK PROCESS: Enqueue work process manages locks on objects in the SAP
system to ensure data consistency.
SPOOL WORK PROCESS: Manages the printing of document in the SAP system.
Handles print requests generated by users or applications.

8. COMPONENTS OF APPLICATION LAYER?

Here are key components of the application layer in SAP.

Dispatcher: The Dispatcher is a central component responsible for managing and controlling
communication between various work processes in the presentation layer.
Work Processes: Work processes are instances that execute the actual business logic and
application tasks.
Gateway: It enables communication between application layers of same SAP systems or
different SAP systems.
Message server: Message server is responsible for the communication between dispatchers
in the application layer.
 DDIC NOTES
Shared Memory: All the work processes on an ABAP application server use a common main
memory area called shared memory to save contexts or to buffer constant data locally.

9. Difference between open SQL and Native SQL?

Open SQL Native SQL

1. Open SQL is a Subset of Standard SQL, and we can

access any database in SAP system using Open 1. Native SQL is a variant of SQL and is specific
SQL. to one data base in SAP system.
2. Open SQL statements are executed by data base 2. Native SQL statements are directly executed
interface which converts Open SQL statements by the database system
into Native SQL statements 3. Since it is specific to database, it is database
3. It is database independent because they can be dependent
executed on any database 4. It is not secured because any user uses with
4. It is secured because only authorized users can access to Native SQL can access the data
access it 5. Complex to learn because different DB’s will
5. It is easy to learn because it follows Standard SQL
have different syntaxes
syntax 6. It is more efficient than Open SQL because it
6. It is Slower for complex database queries used in complex situations
7. In Open SQL statements, keywords are 7. In native SQL statements, keywords are not
highlighted and there will be auto prediction highlighted and there are no auto prediction
words before completing. words.
8. Open SQL statements are buffered in the 8. Native SQL statements cannot be buffered.
application layer. 9. Ex: HANA
9. Ex: ECC

10. Types of projects?

We have four types of projects.

Implementation:
If the Organization is newly implementing SAP Software for the first time, then we call it
the Implementation Project. It involves multiple activities from very starting level like
system design, configuration, data migration etc.
Customer wants to migrate data from Legacy system (already existing system) to SAP
system.
Support:
 DDIC NOTES
The Customer has already installed SAP and wants to provide maintenance and
troubleshooting for the existing SAP software.
After a go live, the application needs support to resolve the issues/tickets raised by the
end users when doing the day-to-day activities.
Upgrade:
The Organizations Which are using SAP software upgrade their existing SAP software to a
newer version. So that it has more advantages like latest features, security updates, and
improvements provided by SAP.
Rollout:
In this Project, the existing Sap Software in one location is extended to be implemented in
other regions/countries.

Roll out is copying the same configuration to other Country/plant.

11. What is ECC? full form? And Version?

ECC stands for ERP central component. Version: ECC 6.0 EHP 618

12. What is HANA? HANA version? full form?

Hana stands for High performance Analytical appliance

13. Difference between Hana and ECC (5)

Hana ECC
Hana stands for High
performance Analytical ECC stands for ERP Central
appliance Component.

HANA is a cloud-friendly database

ECC is the core ERP product within
designed to handle transactions
the SAP Business Suite
and analytics on one system
 DDIC NOTES

HANA has its own data base i.e. ECC uses Third-party databases
HDB. (Oracle, IBM, etc)

SAP ECC --> is running on top of SAP

SAP HANA --> is the database where NetWeaver 740 or SAP NetWeaver
SAP S/4HANA is running on 750 depending on the level of
Enhancement Package being used

14. What is DDIC?

• DDIC stands for Data Dictionary
• It’s a central repository to define and maintain objects of DDIC in database
• In DDIC all the metadata about database objects is Stored
• In DDIC we manage the logics of database objects such as Table, Views,
Domains etc
• T-code for DDIC is SE11

15. Why do we go for DDIC?

• Because DDIC objects are global.

• DDIC acts as DDL in SAP.
• It covers almost all the modules of Business.

16. WHAT IS DATA BASE TABLE?

Database table is an object type in DDIC, which stores actual data in the form of rows and
columns.

17. What is technical settings? Explore the tabs.

It defines how a table is handled when it is created in database.

DATA CLASS: The data class defines the physical area of the database in which
your table is logically stored

Types of data class

• APPL0: which stores master data (Accessed frequently, Updated rarely)

• APPL1: which stores transaction data (Accessed and updated frequently)
• APPL2: which stores Organizational and customizing data (Accessed frequently,
Updated rarely)
 DDIC NOTES
• USR1 & USR2: these are reserved for user development purposes.
SIZE CATAGORY: The size category determines the probable space
requirement for a table in the database. Input ranges from 0 to 4.
BUFFERING: buffer stores the frequently accessed data in the application layer,
whenever we are accessing the same data, it fetches from buffer this reduces
the load on database.
Modes OF BUFFERING
• Buffering not allowed: if a table may not be buffered.
• Buffering allowed but switched off: if buffering is principally allowed for a
table, but now no buffering should be active.
• Buffering switched on: if the table should be buffered. In this case Buffering
types should be specified.

BUFFERING TYPES:
• Single record buffering: With this kind of buffering, only the single record of
a table which be loaded into the buffer.
• Generic area buffering: Generic buffering should be used if usually only
certain areas of the table or view are required.
• Full buffering: in the full buffering the entire table is buffered.

LOG DATA CHANGES: If you have set the indicator for logging, every change
(with UPDATE, DELETE) to an existing data record by a user or an application
program is recorded in a log table in the database.
WRITE ACCESS ONLY WITH JAVA: Using the indicator "Write access with Java
only" you can define that contents of the table may only be changed from within
Java.

18. What is data class and delivery class with type?

Delivery class
Delivery Class controls the transfer of data between application layer to the database layer
The term Delivery class is primarily associated with the development and transport of
objects within the SAP system landscape (Dev, QA, production)

The common delivery classes in SAP include.

A (Application table)-> Tables that store data specific to the application. For example,
these tables hold master and transactional data.
Data is not transferred only the structure of table is transferred

C (Customer table)-> This class is used for tables that store configuration settings or
customizing data, this is maintained by customer not by SAP.
 DDIC NOTES
All the data is transferred
L (Temporary table)-> Table for storing the temporary data.
Data is not transferred only the structure of table is transferred

*G -> Customer table, SAP may insert new data records but may not overwrite or delete
existing ones, The customer namespace must be defined in table TRESC
*E -> System table with its own namespace for customer entries
*S -> System table, data changes have the status of program changes.

*W -> System table (e.g. table of the development environment) whose data is
transported with its own transport objects (e.g. R3TR PROG, R3TR TABL, etc.)
A, C,L has Application data / business data (Master and transactional) where G,E,S,W
has the system data

DATA BROWSER:

Display and maintenance

It specifies that the data should only be displayed, or it also be maintained

Maintenance means Insertion, Updation and Deletion.

When maintaining master data or configuration settings in SAP, certain fields or values may
be marked as "allowed," "not allowed," or "restricted" based on business rules or system
requirements

Display and maintenance Allowed: Data is displayed and maintained (User is allowed
to enter and maintain data)
Display and maintenance Not allowed: User is restricted to enter and maintain the
data

Display and maintenance allowed with Restricted: Data is displayed to user, but
Maintenance of data is allowed with some restrictions/predefined constraints

19. what is a foreign key relation? Type?

• Foreign keys are used to establish the relationship between the different
tables present in the ABAP Dictionary
• The table that contains the foreign key is called a foreign key table
• It connects two tables by assigning the foreign key field of one table to the
primary key field of another table
• We can have value checks for input fields using the foreign keys
 DDIC NOTES

Types of foreign key

• Not Specified
This can be selected as the semantic attribute options. But we need to
choose any of the below options if we are defining the foreign key for
maintenance view, help view, or lock objects.
• Non-Key fields
It specifies that in the foreign key table, the foreign key fields are not part
of the primary key fields and cannot uniquely identify the row of the
foreign key table.
• Key fields
It specifies that the foreign key fields are part of the primary key fields in
the foreign key table.
• Key fields of a text table

It defines that the foreign key table behaves like a text table for the check
table

20. What is cardinality.

The cardinality (n : m) describes the foreign key relationship with regard to the number of
possible dependent records involved (records of the foreign key table) or referred records
(records of the check table).

m=1
For each record of the check table there is exactly one dependent record.
m=C
For each record of the check table there is at most one dependent record.
m=N
For each record of the check table there is at least one dependent record.
m = CN
For each record of the check table there are any number of dependent records.
 DDIC NOTES
21. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE THREE TABLES?

TRANSPERENT TABLE POOL TABLE CLUSTER TABLE

• Having one-to-one • Having many-to-one • Having many-to-one
relationship relationship relationship.
• Secondary index can be • Secondary index can’t be • Secondary index can’t be
created created. created.
• It has only one table • It has many numbers of • It has few numbers of large
• It stores master data. small tables. tables.
• Accessed using open and • It stores system data. • It stores system data.
native SQL. • Accessed using open SQL • Accessed using open SQL
• For every transparent table only. only.
there is associated table in • All pool tables store in one • All cluster tables store in
database. table i.e. table pool. one table i.e. table cluster

22. What fields are present in pooled and cluster tables?

pooled

Cluster
 DDIC NOTES

23. In which option to go and create pool and cluster table?

SE11 -> utility -> other dictionary objects -> pool/cluster

24. Output characteristics of domain?

OUTPUT LENGTH: it specifies the length of the output which includes No. of Chars,
Sign, Decimals.

CONVERSION ROUTINE: performs the conversion from display format to internal

format and the conversion from internal format to display format.
SIGN: if this field is set the first position of the output is reserved for a plus/minus sign.

LOWER CASE: if this field is set, the upper case and lower case are distinguished.
Otherwise, all the letters entered will be converted into upper case.

25. What is data element?

Data element provides the semantic information about the objects
A data element is an elementary type. It describes the type attributes (data type, field
length and possibly the number of decimal places).

26. What is a domain?

• Domain is one of the objects of DDIC
• It defines the technical attributes/properties of a field/column like data type,
length of characters
• And in domain we can also define some fixed values or interval of fixed values
which are valid throughout that domain
• As the domain changes the fields which are refe rring to that domain also change
 DDIC NOTES
27. WHAT IS VIEW?
View is one of the objects of DDIC
View is a logical view of one or more table

View is a re-usable dictionary object which does not physically exist in database. View is the
virtual table derived from one or more database table, view pick data from tables and project
the data on the screen.
There are 4 types of views.

Database view
Projection view
Maintenance view
Help view

28. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VIEWS

DATABASE VIEW PROJECTION VIEW MAINTENANCE VIEW HELP VIEW

 DDIC NOTES
. It can be created . It is created exactly on . It can be created on . It can be created on
either on single table or one table. one or more table. two or more table.
on multiple tables. . there is no foreign key . Foreign key . Foreign key
. Foreign key concept in projection relationship is relationship is
relationship is not view. mandatory for joining mandatory for joining
required for joining the . no need of join the tables. the tables.
tables. because of single table. . uses left outer join . uses outer join
. uses inner join . We can read and . we can read and . we can read and
. We can only read the maintain the data. maintain the data. maintain the data.
data we can’t maintain . we can append the . we can’t append the . we can't append the
the data. view view. view.
. we can append the . Techenical settings not .techenical settings . Techenical settings
view avalible not allowed. not allowed.
.techenical settings .tmg not avallible .tmg avallible .tmg not avallible
allowed
.we can’t create tmg

Projection
Database view Maintenance View Help View
view
In Projection
In DB view we can view view we can In Maintenance
In Help view we can view
one or more than one view only one view we can view
more than one table
table table more than one table

Selection condition tab

Not present Present Present
is present in DB View

Join condition tab is Present Present

Not present
present

Can’t create TMG Can’t Can Can’t

Technical settings
Not present Not present Not present
present
Only data Delivery class and
Only data browser is
browser is data browser is Not present
present
present present
Read only
Read only, Read change, delete
Read and change for Read only, and insert
Read only
single table Read and Read and change
Read and change
Read only for multiple change Read and change
table (Time specific)
 DDIC NOTES
Foreign key relationship
is mandatory for more Not mandatory Mandatory Mandatory
than one table

Append view is possible possible Not possible Not possible

29. What is TMG? Why do we use TMG?

Table Maintenance Generator

• Table maintenance generator is a tool which generate table maintenance program.

• Through table maintenance program we can maintain our custom table.
• That means through this tool we can edit, add and delete the entries from the
custom table.
• TMG is created for end user perspective.
• We can create TMG for table and maintenance view
• We can find the TMG in utilities of a database table or maintenance view

30. what authorization object?

Authorization Group

o This allows authorization protection for particular objects.

o If the table needs to be maintained by only particular group of people, then the
Authorization group needs to be filled otherwise fill it as &NC&
o To maintain the authorization group, refer to SU21.
 DDIC NOTES

Authorization Object:

o Element of the authorization system.

o An authorization object groups together up to 10 authorization fields which are
checked in

31. What is a single screen and overview screen?

• In the Overview screen the entries are displayed in list form and single line entry
will be given from new entries option.

• In the Single screen an additional maintenance screen is created at run time

where one entry is displayed. The single screen can be called from the overview
screen, by function key, for every entry.

32. What is the standard recording routine?

Changes to a task can be recorded. This can be done automatically or manually.

 DDIC NOTES
• Changes without automatic recording: changes are not automatically recorded. It
is, however possible to record manually.
• Automatic recording of changes: all changes are automatically recorded.
• No changes allowed: changes not be made. It is , however, possible to record table
contents manually for the transport.
• No transport allowed: changes can be made here neither automatically nor
manually recorded for the transport.

33. What is one step and two step?

One Step Method – In one step method there is only one overview screen. You can
enter any screen number other than 1000, which is reserved for selection screen. In
One Step Method, you will be able to see and maintain only through overview

screen.

Two Step Method – In two step method there is two screens. Overview Screen and
Single Screen (Detail Screen). Here both the screen (Overview and Single) number is

required to enter. In this the overview screen contains only the key fields and single

screen contains all the fields. On single screen you can only maintain screen, Like

Delete and Insert. You cannot update from single screen. From overview screen you

can delete and update. When you press ‘New Entries’ button then it will take you to
Single Screen. This happen only when you had selected Two step method.

34. What is t-code creating TMG?

SE54

35. How to create TMG tell all the steps?

• Step 1 : Create a table or a Maintenance view and inside go to utilities and

click on Table maintenance generator
 DDIC NOTES

• Step 2 : Create a function group using T-code SE80 and activate that
function group

• Step 3: Fill in authorization group, function group and select maintenance

screen and click on create to create the TMG
 DDIC NOTES

36. Which view supports the TMG?

Maintenance view

37. which view can we convert from one view to another view?
 DDIC NOTES
38. What is the append view?

Append views are a new type of view that you can use to add new fields to
existing database views.
Note. An append view is assigned to one database view. You can create more
than one append view for a database view.

39. What is a table type?

• Table type is a global object which is used to define Structure and functional
attributes of internal table
• In ABAP programs you can refer a table type
• Table types is defined by its line type that defines structure and data type attributes
of a line of internal table

40. What is structure? Types of structure

• A structure is one of the User defined data types

• To Add new field inside an existing table we make use of structure
• A structure consists of components (Field), Typing method (Type is defined for a
component), component type (elementary, structure or table)
• It ensures consistency because structure can be reusable so changes made in structure
can reflect in the ABAP programs which are referring that structure

• Types of Structures are

o Flat structure - A flat structure only references elementary types
o Nested structure - A nested structure references at least one nested structure,
but not a table type
o Deep structure - A deep structure references at least one table type.
 DDIC NOTES

41. Diff b/w append and include?

42. Diff b/w line type and row type?

• Line type
o It is a component in internal table
o Defines the structure and data type of the internal table
o We can create customized fields.
o Line type is a component of general table type

• Row type
o It is a component of ranges table.
o Defines the structure of the rows in an internal table.
o Fields of row type are fixed. SIGN, OPTION, LOW, HIGH
o It defines the actual content inside the rows
o It can either be copied from an existing row type or entered directly.

44. WHAT IS SEARCH HELP?

 DDIC NOTES
It is an object of DDIC, Its purpose is to display the various possible value for any input
field. It is also called F4 help.
TYPES OF SEARCH HELP:
• Elementary search help
• Collective search help

45. What are import, export, sdis, lops, sops, default?

1. SDis:- SDIS causes the field to be “display mode” in the selection popup screen/ Dialogue
box.
2. Dialog Type: - We use the dialog type of an elementary search help to define how the hit list
is displayed when the input help is called. We can specify one of the following dialog types for
elementary search help.
a). Display values immediately: The hit list is immediately displayed when the input help is
called. This is rational only if the hit list contains a few entries.
b). Dialog with value restriction: The dialog window for restricting values is offered
immediately. Choose this option if the list of possible entries is large. If the user limits the
amount of data to be processed, the hit list becomes more comprehensible and the system
load during value selection is reduced.
c). Dialog depends on set of values: If the hit list contains less than 100 entries, it is displayed
immediately. If the hit list contains more than 100 entries, the system displays the dialog box
for restricting values.
3. LPos:− Its value controls the physical position of Search help parameter or field in the
selection list. If you enter a value 1, the field will appear in the first position in the selection list
and so on.
4. SPos:− It controls the physical position of Search Help parameter or field in the restrictive
dialog box. If you enter a value of 1, the field will appear in the first position in the restrictive
dialog box and so on.
5. IMPORT: - Check this box to indicate that the field is an input field, that is, to be passed to
the search help.
6. EXPORT: - Check this box to indicate that the field is an output field, that is, to be passed
from the search help to the screen.
7. Default value: - A default value can be assigned to a parameter of a search help.

46. what is dialog type

The dialog type of an elementary search help defines how the hit list is displayed when the
input help is called.
There are three types in dialog type

• Display value immediately: the hit list is displayed immediately after the input help has
been called
• Dialog with value restriction: before displaying the values, a popup window will appear
for selecting restriction values.
 DDIC NOTES
• Dialog depends on set of values: if the table has less than 100 values it will switch to
display value immediately, if the table has greater than 100 values it will choose Dialog
with value restriction.

47. WHAT IS HOT KEY?

Hot key helps the user to select an elementary search help from the collective
search help directly in the input field with short notation: =<Hot key>.
48. What is the selection method?

The selection method represents the database object. The possible values
displayed in the hit list are selected from selection methods. A database table or
view can be defined as selection method.
To use a field of the selection method in the input help, a parameter with the
same name must be inserted in the search help.
49. What is a lock object?

A lock object is an object in DDIC which is used to provide synchronized

access to an object to avoid concurrent access.
50. Types of lock?

Row locks Row locks ensure that any row modified by a transaction cannot be
modified by another transaction until the first transaction completes,
Table locks Table locks prevent a transaction from updating a table while
another transaction is updating it.
51. Modes of lock and uses?

Type of Lock Lock mode Description

Several users (transactions) can access locked data at the same

time in display mode. A request for another shared lock is
Shared lock S (Shared)
accepted, even if it comes from another user. An exclusive lock
set on an object that already has a shared lock will be rejected.

An exclusive lock protects the locked object against all types of

Exclusive lock E (Exclusive) locks from other transactions. Only the same lock owner can
reset the lock (accumulate).
 DDIC NOTES
Exclusive locks can be requested several times from the same
Exclusive but transaction and are processed successively. In contrast,
X (exclusive non-
not cumulative exclusive but not cumulative locks can be called only once
cumulative)
lock from the same transaction. Each further lock request will be
rejected.
Optimistic locks initially behave like shared locks and can be
Optimistic lock O (Optimistic)
converted into exclusive locks. See Optimistic Locks.

52. For table level lock what is the function module?

ENQUEUE_E_<Lock Object Name>

53. For row level lock what is the function module?

ENQUEUE_<Lock Object Name>

54. Diff b/w Structure and Table type?

Structure Table type

• Structure is a data type used to • Table type defines the structural
combine one or more fields into a and functional attributes on an
single structure. internal table.
• We can append structure to a table. • We can't append table type.
• We can have included the nested • We can't include the nested table
structure. type.
• Secondary key is not available • Secondary key available
• Reference type is not available. • Reference type is available.
• Here we can only include the • In table type we can include data
structures. elements, structures, database
• Ranges table is not present. tables, table types and views.
• Transfer field is present. • In table type ranges table is
• We can't define the number of present.
fields. • Transfer field not present.
• We can define the number of fields
using the initial line number.

55. Diff b/w Structure and database table.

STRUCTURE DATABASE TABLE

• Secondary index not present. • The secondary index is present.
• Technical settings are not available. • In table we have technical settings
• Delivery and maintenance do not • Delivery and maintenance are
present in structures present.
• We cannot give entries to the fields • We can give entries to the fields.
to structures. • We can have a text table for the
• cannot have text table. database table.
 DDIC NOTES
56. SEARCH HELP EXIT?
A search help exit is a functional module which is used to make the input help process more
flexible by writing abap code.

It is used to enhance search help

57. What is enhancement category?

• Its a process of enhancing the DDIC objects like structures, Views or Database tables is
known as Enhancement Category
• Enhancement means adding or appending the fields inside table or structure
• If we don’t specify enhancement, we will face these warnings

• To enable enhancement, we can go to EXTRAS -> Enhancement category and can

choose any of the category
 DDIC NOTES

• Can be enhanced (DEEP) - we can add any number of fields of any type
• Can be enhanced (Char/Numeric) - which means we are allowed to any
number of fields to database tables or structures which are of character or
numeric type only.
• Can be enhanced (Char) - we are allowed to any number of fields to
database tables or structures which are of character type only
• Cannot be enhanced - which means we cannot add any column to the
existing table or structure
• Not classified - which means we haven’t mentioned any type of category

58.how to declare table type?

We can declare table type by using TYPE TABLE OF

59. What is use of TYPE and TYPE TABLE OF?

TYPE:

• allows declaring simple variables.

• Type defines elementary / structured types.

TYPE TABLE OF:

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• Defines internal table types.
• Allows declaring internal tables.

60. What is internal table?

Internal table is a type of table temporary table which is used to store the data at runtime.
61. What is work area?
The work area holds a single record at runtime and displays them.

62.what is report?

A report in ABAP is an executable program, based on the user inputs fields it fetiches the
records from data base table and displays in predefined format.
A report in ABAP refers to a program that is used to generate formatted, printable outputs.
63.T- code for create report?

SE38, SE80.

64. Naming conversion for Report?

Zgsp_RP_demo
65.What is standard table?

Standard tables are default tables to store the records in internal tables.
66.what is sorted table?
Sorted tables are always stored sorted by their table key in ascending order.

67.what is hashed table?

Hashed tables are managed internally using a hash procedure.

68.Difference between standard, sorted and hashed table?

STANDARD SORTED HASHED

• Records are not • We cant use sort • Sorted automatically
sorted. • Index based. by system.
• Index based. • Key may be unique or • Key based.
• Keys are non-unique. non-unique. • It should be unique.
• Linear search or • Binary search. • Using hash algorithm
binary search. • Only insert. to search.
• To store data in • Stores in the form of • Collect operation.
internal table we use key and index. • Stores in the form of
append or insert. only key.
• Stores in the form of
key and index.

69. Without type table of, how to declare table type?

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70. In which table sort is not possible?

In sorted table sort is not possible.

71.how to insert the records into database tables by using report?

By using insert query, we can insert the records into Database table .

72. Using INSERT in hashed table to insert the data.

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73. Loop at given condition?

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74.Using modify to internal table (standard table).

75. Using modify to sorted internal table.

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76. Using update in hashed internal table.

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77. We can't modify the key field or secondary key field.

78. Coping record from one internal table to other using loop.

79. Coping records by using MOVE.

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80. Using APPEND LINES OF.

This method of appending lines of one table to another is about 3 to 4 times faster than
appending them line by line in a loop.

With condition

81. Using INSERT LINES OF