4 5780819418258870102

Zagazig University
Faculty of Science
Physics department
Name: Ahmed Abdelsalam Ahmed Hussein

Level: Third level
Program: Special Physics
Assignment: Renewable Energy Homework (1)
Course Coordinator: Prof. Abdelmoneim Salem
Academic Year: 2020/2021
Question 1: Discuses Four types from the Renewable Energy Resources.

Answer
1. Solar Energy
 It is derived by capturing radiant energy from sunlight and converting it into heat,
electricity, or hot water, which don’t produce air pollutants or greenhouse gases.
 Photovoltaic (PV) systems can convert direct sunlight into electricity through the
use of solar cells.
 Solar cells, or photovoltaic (PV) cells are made from semiconductors as silicon or
other materials that transform sunlight directly into electricity.
2. Wind Energy
 It is derived by capturing energy from wind flow by using wind turbines and
converting it into electricity.
 There are several and various forms of systems used to convert wind Energy as:
a. Commercial grade wind-powered generating systems can power many different
organizations, while single-wind turbines to supplement pre-existing energy
organizations.
b. Utility-scale wind farms, which are purchased by contracts.
3. Ocean Energy
The ocean can produce two types of energy: “thermal and mechanical energy”
a. Ocean thermal energy: relies on warm water surface temperatures to generate
energy through a variety of different systems.
b. Ocean mechanical energy: uses the ebbs and flows of the tides to generate
energy, which is created by the earth’s rotation and gravity from the moon.
4. Biomass Energy “Bioenergy”
 It is a renewable energy derived from organic matter that comes from recently living
plants and organisms.
 There are various methods used to generate energy through the use of biomass as:
Burning biomass, or harnessing methane gas which is produced by the natural
decomposition of organic materials in ponds.
Question 2: At Cairo City, the average daily solar radiation in September has the
following values:
𝐻0 = 10 𝑘𝑊ℎ/𝑚2 /𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝐻 = 6 𝑘𝑊ℎ/𝑚2 /𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝐻𝐼 = 4 𝑘𝑊ℎ/𝑚2 /𝑑𝑎𝑦
Calculate both 𝐾𝑇 and 𝐾𝐷
Answer
 The clearness index, is given by:
𝐻 6
𝐾𝑇 = = = 0.6
𝐻0 10
 The Diffuse Radiation, is given by:
𝐻𝐷 = 𝐻 − 𝐻𝐼 = 6 − 4 = 2 𝑘𝑊ℎ/𝑚2 /𝑑𝑎𝑦
 Then, the diffuse index, is given by:

𝐻𝐷 2
𝐾𝐷 = = = 0.33
𝐻 6
Question 3: In Zagazig City, you have:

Φ = 30.4°, 𝛽 = 20°, and on the day 29 March, 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 3.5 𝑘𝑊ℎ/𝑚2 /𝑑𝑎𝑦
Calculate both 𝑆𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 and tilt factor.
Answer
 The day order in year is:

𝑑 = 31 + 28 + 29 = 88
 Then, the declination angle:
(284 + 𝑑) (284 + 88)

𝛿 = 23.45 sin (360 ) = 23.45 sin (360 ) = 2.81°
365 365
 The elevation angle, is given by:

𝛼 = 90 − Φ + 𝛿 = 90 − 30.4 + 2.81 = 62.41°
 Then, the solar radiation incident on a tilt surface, is:
𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) 3.5 sin(62.41 + 20)
𝑆𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 = = = 3.91 𝑘𝑊ℎ/𝑚2 /𝑑𝑎𝑦
sin 𝛼 sin 62.41
 The tilt factor:
The radiation incident on a tilted surface 𝑆𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 3.91
𝑅= = = = 1.12
The radiation measured on horizontal surfac 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 3.5
Question 4: In Aswan City, you have:
Φ = 23.5°, 𝛽 = 30°, and on the day 25 June, 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 8 𝑘𝑊ℎ/𝑚2 /𝑑𝑎𝑦
Calculate both 𝑆𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 and tilt factor.
Answer
 The day order in year is:

𝑑 = 31 + 28 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 25 = 176
 Then, the declination angle:
(284 + 𝑑) (284 + 176)

𝛿 = 23.45 sin (360 ) = 23.45 sin (360 ) = 23.4°
365 365
 The elevation angle, is given by:

𝛼 = 90 − Φ + 𝛿 = 90 − 23.5 + 23.4 = 89.9°
 Then, the solar radiation incident on a tilt surface, is:
𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) 8 sin(89.9 + 30)
𝑆𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 = == = 6.9 𝑘𝑊ℎ/𝑚2 /𝑑𝑎𝑦
sin 𝛼 sin 89.9
 The tilt factor:
𝑆𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 6.9
𝑅= = = 0.87
𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 8
Question 5: In your calculations in (3) and (4), what is the non-logic value? (Only one
value) you get. Comment the wrong in the value.
Answer
 The non-logic value is 𝑅 = 0.87, because the tilt factor must be more than 1.
With my best wishes

Ahmed Abdelsalam Ahmed Hussein

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Zagazig University

Name: Ahmed Abdelsalam Ahmed Hussein

Question 1: Discuses Four types from the Renewable Energy Resources.

 The clearness index, is given by:

 The Diffuse Radiation, is given by:

 Then, the diffuse index, is given by:

Question 3: In Zagazig City, you have:

 The day order in year is:

(284 + 𝑑) (284 + 88)

 The elevation angle, is given by:

 The day order in year is:

(284 + 𝑑) (284 + 176)

 The elevation angle, is given by:

With my best wishes

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