International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)

Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May - 2022 Impact Factor: 7.185 ISSN: 2582- 3930

Automatic UV Disinfection System with Conveyor

*1 *2 *3 *4
V.J. Dhore , Waghchasure Shubham , Torane Pranav , Sonawane Nayan , Wankhde
*5
Utkarsh *1 Assistances professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Guru Gobind Singh
College of
Engineering and Research Centre, Khalsa Education Complex, Indira Nagar, Nashik, Maharashtra,
India. *2,3,4,5 Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Guru Gobind Singh College of
Engineering and Research Centre, Khalsa Education Complex, Indira Nagar, Nashik, Maharashtra,
India.
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract Covid19 changed all of humankind in 2020. developed to integrate conveyor belt movement,
Due to its fast and efficiently spreading nature, we were functioning of UV light sources, and programmable
forced to use face masks and gloves to protect from holding time of packets/goods through appropriate sensors.
everything we touch. We cannot apply sanitizers on The mechanical system will be fabricated using conveyor
fruits, vegetables, packed food, batteries etc. we buy belt, motors, and controllers etc., contained in an enclosure.
from outside or we can’t sanitize files, paperwork that This enclosure will be fitted with UV light sources from
different angles to enable disinfection of all surfaces of
doctors exchange with patients or employees exchange
packets/goods. The corona epidemic may be overpowered
with each other. Many researchers are working on
soon but the need to disinfect surfaces likely to have been
multiple aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic including exposed to viruses will continue in future. Hence there is a
disease detection, treatment, and Vaccine development. need to develop the proposed disinfection units for
Well we solve this huge problem with Automatic UV different types of packages. Ultraviolet light in the
Disinfection System with automatic conveyor. Now UV germicidal range (200-280 nm light) known as “UVC” has
C Has Been Proven to kill The Viruses within the proven to be effective at disinfecting water and surfaces,
matter of seconds. UV C Used to kill the bacteria’s and and may help reduce the risk of infection due to the
gums from the surface of Products like fruits, vegetables COVID-19 virus. UVC light energy is not the same as the
etc., and this proposed system addresses these UVA and UVB light wavelengths found in exposure to
challenges comprehensively. The proposed system is sunlight. As per NJ TRANSIT’s request, the purpose of
unobtrusive during its operation and can be operated this study is to test and provide validation support for a
even in the presence of people in the living spaces. pilot UVC deployment. The research team was tasked to
perform a Lieder survey of representative bus vehicles and
Keywords: Covid-19, UVC, Disinfection model the placement of UVC light sources to quantify the
surface areas that would receive UVC disinfection
exposure. The team was also to perform field validation
1.INTRODUCTION tests using a spectrometer to measure the intensity of
exposure throughout the bus based on the recommended
Global issue corona pandemic and lock down has locations from the Lieder survey. Lastly, the team was to
slowed down the human life. The fear of infection through review potential air disinfection technologies within the
not only direct contact but also through surfaces likely to context of published materials.
have been touched by infected persons has led to the
cleaning of packets, containers and even vegetables with
soaps and detergents. It is notable that ingestion of
detergent and similar molecules itself can pose problems to
human body. Thus, there is a need for developing
programmable disinfection units, which automatically
move the packets to be sanitized on a conveyor belt from
the entry end, hold them for specified period of time under
UV irradiation and then move out to the delivery end. This
system will stop the possibility of detergent /soap and such
molecules entering the human body. The development of
above-described unit will require developing codes
(programs) for movement, holding and then again Fig.No.1 UV based automated disinfection
movement of conveyor belt to carry the packages from
entry to delivery end of the proposed disinfectant system. 2. METHODOLOGY
The sensors at entry end, holding place (inside the Covid-19 pandemic situations as an Ultra Violet
enclosure) and delivery end will control the conveyor belt
(UV) for the sanitization of object surface like products
movement. Such systems will be needed in large numbers
and other materialistic things. UV provides solutions for
in different types of manufacturing units/factories, shops,
delivery products to the various companies like Amazon,
stores for a non-touch disinfection of goods enclosed in
packets. To this end, suitable codes/programs will be r/////eliance mart and many more etc. from various
disinfections. This involved three Stages: Disinfection

© 2022, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com | Page 1

 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May - 2022 Impact Factor: 7.185 ISSN: 2582-3930

?devices (hardware assembling), and Programming of double-acting pneumatic cylinder uses compressed air to
control unit. First of all, goods or materials placed into move a piston in and out.
the disinfection device in proper way then control unit
Double-acting pneumatic cylinders are the most common
signal and auto switch on to start the UV light within
type since they give the user complete control of the piston
device after few second hold sanitized goods released
movement. the piston and piston rod move when
and all system govern through device program. Device
compressed air enters the cap-end port and the rod-end
consists of compact enclosure in which UV (ultra violet)
port. A negative position is when the piston rod is
light is fitted and a conveyor is passing through it.
retracted, and a positive position is when the piston rod is
Conveyor is loaded with desired objects at one end of
extended. When compressed air enters the cap-end port,
the enclosure and moved towards the other end of the
it pushes the piston forward (positively), extending
enclosure, passing under sensor to recognize and
the piston rod. Air is forced out of the rod-end port. To
identify the position of object and conveyor movement
retract the piston rod, air enters the rod-end port, forcing
stops at the other end of the enclosure by the action of
air out of the cap-end port, and forcing the piston to
another sensor. The loaded conveyor will stop inside the
retract to the negative position
enclosure for few seconds (55seconds) of time interval,
this is the soaking period of UV light by the surface of
the objects, then Factors, such as increasing awareness
on the importance of health literacy in individuals, partly
imparted by government bodies, amid the recent global
spread of contagious diseases, such as COVID-19. In
future the UV disinfection system Help to reduces the
food borne illness and useful for the hospitals, malls,
airports etc. As UV Rays are most effective to kill the
bacteria’s and gums therefore the UVC disinfection is
best alternative of any other disinfection.

Fig.No.2 Double Acting Pneumatic Cylinder

3.2 Solenoid Valve

12 V, Dc it necessary To start or stops the flow in the
cylinder to control Forward and backward movement. A
solenoid valve is an electrically controlled valve. The valve
features a solenoid, which is an electric coil with a
movable ferromagnetic core (plunger) in its center. In the
rest position, the plunger closes off a small orifice. An
electric current through the coil creates a magnetic field.
The magnetic field exerts an upwards force on the plunger
opening the orifice. This is the basic principle that is used
Table No:1 Disinfection and Their Suitability
to open and close solenoid valves. An electronically
operated solenoid valve is usually used for this purpose.
3. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS By being solenoid actuated, solenoid valves can be
positioned in remote locations and may be conveniently
3.1 Double Acting Pneumatic Cylinder controlled by simple electrical switches. Solenoid valves
are the most frequently used control elements in fluidics
2 cylinders each length 21 inches For Forward and
backward moving One In Horizontal Direction And
Another For Vertical direction & stroke size 10mm. A

© 2022, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com | Page 2

 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May - 2022 Impact Factor: 7.185 ISSN: 2582-3930

is reluctant to noise from the peripherals and hence is a

reliable device for automation where accuracy and
correctness is prominent. Another major advantage of a
PLC is its ability to handle multiple input and output
ports which processes analog as well as digital
signals.Various relays needed to be incorporated in a
given system in order to control its various parameters
such as current or voltage for driving a motor. Thus in
order to control a complete system multiple relays had
to be used. It ultimately required lot of space and power
because of bulky size of a relay due to its components.
Also coordination between relays was a major issue
because of their electromechanical operation.

Fig.No.3 Solenoid valve

3.3 UVC Lamp:-

(11 V, 258 nm) It is used to disinfect the system And 258
nm is Perfect wavelength for the disinfection and it is
prove by DRDO. UVC radiation is a known disinfectant
for air, water, and nonporous surfaces. UVC radiation has
effectively been used for decades to reduce the spread of
bacteria, such as tuberculosis. For this reason, UVC lamps
are often called "germicidal" lamps. UVC radiation is 3.5 SMPS:- (Switch Mode Power Supply):-
commonly used inside air ducts to disinfect the air. This is
(24 V, 3Amp) A switched-mode power supply (SMPS) is
the safest way to employ UVC radiation because direct
an electronic circuit that converts power using switching
UVC exposure to human skin or eyes may cause injuries,
devices that are turned on and off at high frequencies, and
and installation of UVC within an air duct is less likely to
storage components such as inductors or capacitors to
cause exposure to skin and eyes.
supply power when the switching device is in its non-
conduction state. Switching power supplies have high
efficiency and are widely used in a variety of electronic
equipment, including computers and other sensitive
equipment requiring stable and efficient power supply. A
switched-mode power supply is also known as
a switch-mode power supply or switching-mode
power supply

3.6 Sensor Optical Proximity:-

This sensor Are Used for automated system. The optical
proximity sensor can be used to detect the position, so
basically, they are position sensors.

Photograph: UVC LAMP

3.4 PLC:-
PLC stands for Programmable Logic Controller. They are
industrial computers used to control different electro-
mechanical processes for use in manufacturing, plants, or
other automation environments. The major advantage of a
PLC over the conventional controllers its robust nature. It
has high fidelity in most dynamic environments. PLC
Photograph: Optical Proximity Sensor

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 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May - 2022 Impact Factor: 7.185 ISSN: 2582-3930

cylinder has to be exhausted. The switching of air is

done by means of a directional control valve.
This is a type of sensor that can convert signals
generated by light emission into electrical signals. This First, we must gather some basic information about
is also a contact-free position sensor and its sensing your pneumatic cylinder so we can calculate the air
range is up to 10-15meters. The major part of an optical consumption:
sensor is a light source which could be an LED and a • Piston Area (Bore x 3.1415)
detector. The optical proximity sensor can detect • Rod Area (for double-acting
materials such as solid, liquid, powder, and opaque.The cylinders)
optical proximity sensor has an electronic part that • Stroke
would evaluate and amplify the detected signal. These • Cycles per minute
sensors are widely used in automated systems because Calculating the air consumption for a single-acting
they are smaller in size. This device can detect the cylinder is a rather easy calculation, but it is important
distance and presence of an object by using light. to understand that the required air flow is dependent
not only on the bore area and stroke, but also the cycle
rate of the pneumatic cylinder.
3.7 MS Container:- The formula for the air consumption of a single-
(18×18×22) inches this container is seal pack from acting cylinder is as follows:
every side and in this container the disinfection of
•
A = Piston Area (Square Inches)
product is done By UV-C rays.
•
S = Stroke (Inches)
•
C = Cycles per Minute
Keep in mind that dwell times and cylinder
sequence can affect the results when using this
formula. n a double-acting cylinder, the retracting
volume and extending volume differ by the
displacement of the rod.The formula for the air
consumption of a double-acting pneumatic cylinder
is as follows:
• A = Piston Area (Square Inches)
• R= Rod Area (Square Inches)
• S = Stroke (Inches)
• C = Cycles per Minute

4. CALCULATION:-
Pneumatic Cylinder A pneumatic cylinder is designed for
converting pressure energy into useful work (motion). A
double acting cylinder is operated by the reciprocal input
of compressed air. When compressed air is applied to the
rear port of the cylinder while the other side is open to the • R = 8.3144 L kPa/(K mol) is the ideal
atmosphere, the cylinder starts to advance. To return the gas constant
piston to its initial position the air supply has to be • T is the temperature (oK)
connected to the front port while the rear chamber of the • α, αi n, and αe x take values between 1 and
k (heat

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 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May - 2022 Impact Factor: 7.185 ISSN: 2582-3930

• specific index), depending on the actual 2 2

Ar = (d1 x p/4) - (d2 x p/4) = ((22 mm)2 x p/4) -
heat transfer
((10mm)2 x p/4) = 150mm2 = 15cm2
• during the process; the recommended value
for 4. Force for return stroke
• upstream/downstream α = 1.2, see [45] Fr = p x Ar x h = 50 N/cm2 x 15 cm2 x 0.35 = 26.2N
What is force? Note: A double acting cylinder has on its
advance stroke a greater force than on its
Law of Newton: return stroke. This is due to different effective
piston areas for. For the return stroke the area
Force = Mass x Acceleration of the rod has to be subtracted form the area of
F=m*a the piston to get the effective area.

F Force (Newton) 5. CONCLUSIONS:-

m Mass (Kg)
The compact UVC conveyor system developed
a Acceleration (m/s2) can efficiently disinfect the It can be used to
The acceleration on earth due to the Disinfect: Files/ Paper, Currency, Air, Fruits,
Vegetables, Coins, Surgical Utensils, Tablets,
gravity is g = 9.81 m/s2 » 10 m/s2.
Laptops, Toys, Grocery and a variety of surfaces
Example: On a box with a mass of in Offices, Homes, Industry, Hospitals, Banks,
50 Kg acts a force of 490.5 N. and Shops. passing through the conveyor within
Cylinder piston force:-The theoretically available force a few seconds and is suitable for use in airports,
is derived from the working pressure and the respective railway and bus stations, hotels, commercial and
effective piston surface area. This available force is private establishments for rapid disinfection
reduced by the proportion of system friction; generally, UVC based disinfection systems are known for
system friction amounts to between 5 and 10 % of the their rapid disinfection capability, and the
disinfection process is dry and chemical-free.
theoretically available force. The system friction is
UVC irradiation at 254 nm is known for its
expressed through the efficiency factor.The theoretical
germicidal properties where no chemical
piston force is calculated as the following:
residues are left behind. UVC light, when
irradiated on an infected surface, quickly
Force = Effective piston area x operating disrupts the genetic material in the virus and
pressure x Efficiency thus inhibits its multiplication.

A Effective piston area (m2) 6. REFERENCES: -

p Operation pressure (Pa)
1. Frank Johns, PE and Mark Lichtwardt, PE;
h Efficiency factor ARCADIS Paul Grundemann and Deborah Gallegos,
PE; Centennial Water & Sanitation District [1] ,
Cylinder diameter d1 = 22mm
“SELECTION AND INSTALLATION OF A UV
Piston rod diameter d2 = 10mm DISINFECTION SYSTEM AS A RETROFIT TO AN
EXISTING WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT”
Pressure pe = 5 bar (January 2002)
2. Mike Oliver Trojan Technologies Inc. 3020 Gore
Efficiency factor h = 0.85 Road London, Ontario, Canada N5V 4T7 [2] ,
“VALIDATION OF CLEANING METHODS FOR
1. Effective area for advance stroke:
UV DISINFECTION SYSTEMS” (January 2002)
2 3. B. Ferran1 , S. Jin1 , E. T. Weber2 , O. K. Scheible2 ,
Aa = d1 x p /4 = (22 mm)2 x p /4 = 275 mm2 = 2.75
and R.F. Kelly1 1 Degremont North American
cm2 Research & Development Center 510 East Jackson
2. Force for advance stroke: Street Richmond, VA 23219 2 HydroQual, Inc. 1200
MacArthur Boulevard Mahwah, NJ 07430 [3] ,
Fa = p x Aa x h = 50 N/cm2 x 0.275cm2 x 0.85 =
“VALIDATION TESTING OF A UV DISINFECTION
11.6875 N
SYSTEM TO ACHIEVE REGULATORY APPROVAL
3. Effective area for return stroke: FOR WASTEWATER REUSE” (January 2004)

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 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May - 2022 Impact Factor: 7.185 ISSN: 2582-3930

4. Soojung Lim *, Ernest R. Blatchley III Civil

Engineering, Purdue University, 550 Stadium mall Dr.,
West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Received 29 October
2008; received in revised form 28 May 2009; (4) , “ UV
DISINFECTION SYSTEM FOR CABIN AIR” (1 June
2009)
5. Harold Wright1 , Mark Heath1 , Sudhan Paranjape1
, Bob Cushing1 , Bob Leetch2 , Robbie Parks2 ,
Prentiss Garraway 2 and Ed Cordova2 [5],
“TROUBLESHOOTING YOUR UV DISINFECTION
SYSTEM” (January 2013)
6. Fumihiko Tanaka, et.al April (2016) [6].
7. Andrea Guridi 1 , Elena Sevillano 2,*, Iñigo de la
Fuente 2 , Estibaliz Mateo 2 , Elena Eraso 2 and
Guillermo Quindós [7],“DISINFECTANT ACTIVITY
OF A PORTABLE ULTRAVIOLET C EQUIPMENT”
(Nov 2019)
8. Ganti S. Murthy, [8] , “AUTOMATIC
DISINFECTION SYSTEM FOR PASSENGER
LUGGAGE AT AIRPORTS AND TRAIN/BUS
STATIONS” June (2020)

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