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    Shapes of Molecules

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    amahlem627
    The document discusses molecular shapes and polarity. It covers linear, angular, trigonal planar, pyramidal, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral molecular geometries. Key examples include methane, ammonia, carbon tetrachloride, and water. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory is introduced to explain molecular geometries.

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    Shapes of Molecules

    Uploaded by

    amahlem627
    33 views10 pages
    The document discusses molecular shapes and polarity. It covers linear, angular, trigonal planar, pyramidal, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral molecular geometries. Key examples include methane, ammonia, carbon tetrachloride, and water. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory is introduced to explain molecular geometries.

    Original Description:

    grade 11 shapes of mole

    Original Title

    shapes of molecules

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    The document discusses molecular shapes and polarity. It covers linear, angular, trigonal planar, pyramidal, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral molecular geometries. Key examples include methane, ammonia, carbon tetrachloride, and water. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory is introduced to explain molecular geometries.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views10 pages

    Shapes of Molecules

    Uploaded by

    amahlem627
    The document discusses molecular shapes and polarity. It covers linear, angular, trigonal planar, pyramidal, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral molecular geometries. Key examples include methane, ammonia, carbon tetrachloride, and water. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory is introduced to explain molecular geometries.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    Shapes of Molecules

    Mr. E. Ncube
    Shapes overview
    3 e- pairs
    a) Linear
    b) Angular
    c) Trigonal planar 2 e- pairs
    d) Pyramidal
    e) -
    f) Tetrahedral
    g) - 4 e- pairs
    h) -
    i) Trigonal bi-
    pyramidal
    j) -
    k) Octahedral 5 e- pairs 6 e- pairs

    l) -
    Tetrahedral
    ch4

    ch4

    ch4

    tetrahedron
    Ammonia – NH3 PYRAMIDAL!
    Bond pairs LONE pair
    Lewis-NH3

    NH3

    nh3

    nh3

    ◼ 4 e- pairs – basic shape is


    tetrahedral!
    ◼ Lone pairs repel MORE so distort the
    molecule shape.
    ◼ When naming the shape the lone pair
    is IGNORED!
    VSEPR

    ◼ Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion


    ◼ Electrons negative
    ◼ Bond pairs & lone pairs repel
    ◼ Lone pair repulsion greater than bond
    pairs
    ◼ BPBP<BPLP<LPLP
    ◼ Predict ALL shapes
    Carbon – tetra chloride

    Cl

    Cl
    C
    Cl
    Cl

    ◼ Tetrahedral
    ◼ 4 bond pairs repelling equally
    Water
    Bond pairs = 2
    Lone pairs = 2
    Total pairs = 4
    • • . .
    •
    • O H •
    x Basic shape = tetrahedral 109.5o
    •x
    H O H

    O
    H H
    105.4O
    H
    The LONE PAIRS repel MORE than the BOND pairs so they
    PUSH the bond pairs CLOSER TOGETHER.

    Distorted angles = 105.4O


    ◼ Bent or angular molecule!
    Non-Polar Molecules with Polar Bonds
    ◼ The molecule is
    symmetrical
    ◼ There is no overall polarity
    F
    on the molecule.
    ◼ The MOLECULE IS NON-
    POLAR! F
    C
    F
    F
    CF4
    Eneg = 4 - 2.5 = 1.5
    .: Polar Bonds!!
    Polar/Non-polar molecules
    Bond Molecule
    Substance ΔEneg
    Polarity Symmetry Polarity
    CF4
    NH3
    PCl3
    PCl5
    SF6
    CH3Cl
    CH3OH

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