5.

[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1A.SL.TZ2.5
An object is sliding from rest down a frictionless inclined plane. The object slides 1.0 m during the first second.

What distance will the object slide during the next second?
A. 1.0 m
B. 2.0 m
C. 3.0 m
D. 4.9 m
[1]
8.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1A.SL.TZ2.8
An object is pushed from rest by a constant net force of 100 N. When the object has travelled 2.0 m the object has
reached a velocity of 10 m s −1.
What is the mass of the object?
A. 2 kg
B. 4 kg
C. 40 kg
D. 200 kg
[1]
6.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1A.SL.TZ2.6
An object of mass 2.0 kg rests on a rough surface. A person pushes the object in a straight line with a force of 10 N
through a distance d .

The resultant force acting on the object throughout d is 6.0 N.

What is the value of the sliding coefficient of friction μ between the surface and the object and what is the
acceleration a of the object?
 [1]
7.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1A.SL.TZ2.7
A rocket has just been launched vertically from Earth. The image shows the free-body diagram of the rocket. F1
represents a larger force than F2.

Which force pairs with F1 and which force pairs with F2, according to Newton’s third law?

[1]
7.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1A.SL.TZ2.7
A book of mass m lies on top of a table of mass M that rolls freely along the ground. The coefficient of friction
between the book and the table is μ. A person is pushing the rolling table.
What is the maximum acceleration of the table so that the book does not slide backwards relative to the table?

A. gμ
B. μg
C. mgM μ
 D. mMμg
[1]
7.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1A.SL.TZ1.7
A waiter carrying a tray is accelerating to the right as shown in the image.
What is the free-body diagram of the forces acting on the tray?

[1]

1.
[Maximum mark: 15]
22M.2.SL.TZ1.1
A student uses a load to pull a box up a ramp inclined at 30°. A string of constant length and negligible mass
connects the box to the load that falls vertically. The string passes over a pulley that runs on a frictionless axle.
Friction acts between the base of the box and the ramp. Air resistance is negligible.

The load has a mass of 3.5 kg and is initially 0.95 m above the floor. The mass of the box is 1.5 kg.
The load is released and accelerates downwards.

(a)
Outline two differences between the momentum of the box and the momentum of the load at the same instant.
[2]

(b)
The vertical acceleration of the load downwards is 2.4 m s −2.
Calculate the tension in the string.
[2]

(c.i)
Show that the speed of the load when it hits the floor is about 2.1 m s −1.
[2]

(c.ii)
The radius of the pulley is 2.5 cm. Calculate the angular speed of rotation of the pulley as the load hits the floor. State
your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.
[2]

(d)
After the load has hit the floor, the box travels a further 0.35 m along the ramp before coming to rest. Determine the
average frictional force between the box and the surface of the ramp.
[4]

(e)
The student then makes the ramp horizontal and applies a constant horizontal force to the box. The force is just large
enough to start the box moving. The force continues to be applied after the box begins to move.

Explain, with reference to the frictional force acting, why the box accelerates once it has started to move.
[3]
23.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1A.SL.TZ1.23
A ball of mass 0.3 kg is attached to a light, inextensible string. It is rotated in a vertical circle. The length of the string
is 0.6 m and the speed of rotation of the ball is 4 m s −1.

What is the tension when the string is horizontal?

A. 5 N
B. 8 N
C. 11 N
D. 13 N
[1]

9.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1A.SL.TZ1.9
Two bodies each of equal mass travelling in opposite directions collide head-on.

What is a possible outcome of the collision?

 [1]
7.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1A.SL.TZ1.7
Two masses m1 and m2 are connected by a string over a frictionless pulley of negligible mass. The masses are
released from rest. Air resistance is negligible.

Mass m2 accelerates downwards at g2. What is m1m2?

A. 13
B. 12
C. 2
D. 3
[1]
6.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1A.SL.TZ1.6
Which of the formulae represents Newton’s second law?
A. massvolume
B. workdisplacement
C. change of momentumtime
D. pressure×area
[1]
9.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1A.SL.TZ1.9
Two trolleys of equal mass travel in opposite directions as shown.

The trolleys collide head-on and stick together.

What is their velocity after the collision?
A. 1 m s −1
B. 2 m s −1
C. 5 m s −1
D. 10 m s −1
[1]
7.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1A.SL.TZ1.7
A book is at rest on a table. One of the forces acting on the book is its weight.
What is the other force that completes the force pair according to Newton’s third law of motion?
A. The pull of the book on Earth
B. The pull of Earth on the book
C. The push of the table on the book
D. The push of the book on the table
[1]
6.
[Maximum mark: 7]
19M.2.SL.TZ1.6
The Moon has no atmosphere and orbits the Earth. The diagram shows the Moon with rays of light from the Sun
that are incident at 90° to the axis of rotation of the Moon.

(a.i)
A black body is on the Moon’s surface at point A. Show that the maximum temperature that this body can reach is 400
K. Assume that the Earth and the Moon are the same distance from the Sun.
[2]
(a.ii)
Another black body is on the Moon’s surface at point B.
Outline, without calculation, why the aximum temperature of the black body at point B is less than at point A.
[2]

(b)
The albedo of the Earth’s atmosphere is 0.28. Outline why the maximum temperature of a black body on the Earth
when the Sun is overhead is less than that at point A on the Moon.
[1]

(c.i)
Outline why a force acts on the Moon.
[1]

(c.ii)
Outline why this force does no work on the Moon.
[1]
4.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1A.SL.TZ2.4
Two forces of magnitude 12 N and 24 N act at the same point. Which force cannot be the resultant of these forces?
A. 10 N
B. 16 N
C. 19 N
D. 36 N
[1]

4.
[Maximum mark: 8]
21N.2.SL.TZ0.4
A charged particle, P, of charge +68 μC is fixed in space. A second particle, Q, of charge +0.25 μC is held at a
distance of 48 cm from P and is then released.

The diagram shows two parallel wires X and Y that carry equal currents into the page.

Point Q is equidistant from the two wires. The magnetic field at Q due to wire X alone is 15 mT.

(a)
The work done to move a particle of charge 0.25 μC from one point in an electric field to another is 4.5 μJ. Calculate
the magnitude of the potential difference between the two points.
[1]
(b.i)
Determine the force on Q at the instant it is released.
[2]

(b.ii)
Describe the motion of Q after release.
[2]

(c.i)
On the diagram draw an arrow to show the direction of the magnetic field at Q due to wire X alone.
[1]
(c.ii)
Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant magnetic field at Q.
[2]
4.
[Maximum mark: 8]
19N.2.SL.TZ0.4
A proton is moving in a region of uniform magnetic field. The magnetic field is directed into the plane of the
paper. The arrow shows the velocity of the proton at one instant and the dotted circle gives the path followed
by the proton.

The speed of the proton is 2.0 × 10 6 m s –1 and the magnetic field strength B is 0.35 T.

(a)
Explain why the path of the proton is a circle.
[2]

(b(i))
Show that the radius of the path is about 6 cm.
 [2]

(b(ii))
Calculate the time for one complete revolution.
[2]

(c)
Explain why the kinetic energy of the proton is constant.
[2]

2.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1A.SL.TZ1.2
The magnitude of the resultant of two forces acting on a body is 12 N. Which pair of forces acting on the body can
combine to produce this resultant?
A. 1 N and 2 N
B. 1 N and 14 N
C. 5 N and 6 N
D. 6 N and 7 N
[1]
2.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19N.1A.SL.TZ0.2
An object is held in equilibrium by three forces of magnitude F, G and H that act at a point in the same plane.

Three equations for these forces are

I. F cos θ = G
 II. F = G cos θ + H sin θ
III. F = G + H
Which equations are correct?
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
[1]
3.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19N.1A.SL.TZ0.3
Two forces act along a straight line on an object that is initially at rest. One force is constant; the second force is in the
opposite direction and proportional to the velocity of the object.

What is correct about the motion of the object?

A. The acceleration increases from zero to a maximum.

B. The acceleration increases from zero to a maximum and then decreases.
C. The velocity increases from zero to a maximum.
D. The velocity increases from zero to a maximum and then decreases.
[1]
5.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19N.1A.SL.TZ0.5
A climber of mass m slides down a vertical rope with an average acceleration a. What is the average frictional force
exerted by the rope on the climber?
A. mg
B. m (g + a)
C. m (g – a)
D. ma
[1]
1.
[Maximum mark: 14]
19M.2.SL.TZ2.1
A student strikes a tennis ball that is initially at rest so that it leaves the racquet at a speed of 64 m s –1. The ball
has a mass of 0.058 kg and the contact between the ball and the racquet lasts for 25 ms.

The student strikes the tennis ball at point P. The tennis ball is initially directed at an angle of 7.00° to the
horizontal.
The following data are available.
Height of P = 2.80 m
Distance of student from net = 11.9 m
Height of net = 0.910 m
Initial speed of tennis ball = 64 m s -1

(ai)
Calculate the average force exerted by the racquet on the ball.
[2]

(aii)
Calculate the average power delivered to the ball during the impact.
[2]

(bi)
Calculate the time it takes the tennis ball to reach the net.
[2]

(bii)
Show that the tennis ball passes over the net.
[3]
 (biii)
Determine the speed of the tennis ball as it strikes the ground.
[2]

(c)
The student models the bounce of the tennis ball to predict the angle θ at which the ball leaves a surface of clay and a
surface of grass.

The model assumes

• during contact with the surface the ball slides.
• the sliding time is the same for both surfaces.
• the sliding frictional force is greater for clay than grass.
• the normal reaction force is the same for both surfaces.
Predict for the student’s model, without calculation, whether θ is greater for a clay surface or for a grass surface.
[3]

21.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19N.1A.SL.TZ0.21
An object hangs from a light string and moves in a horizontal circle of radius r .
 The string makes an angle θ with the vertical. The angular speed of the object is ω . What is tan θ ?
A. ω2rg
B. gω2r
C. ωr2g
D. gωr2
[1]
6.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21N.1A.SL.TZ0.6
A block rests on a frictionless horizontal surface. An air rifle pellet is fired horizontally into the block and remains
embedded in the block.

What happens to the total kinetic energy and to the total momentum of the block and pellet system as a result of the
collision?

[1]
5.
[Maximum mark: 10]
19M.2.HL.TZ1.5
The moon Phobos moves around the planet Mars in a circular orbit.

(a.i)
Outline the origin of the force that acts on Phobos.
[1]

(a.ii)
Outline why this force does no work on Phobos.
[1]
(b.i)
The orbital period T of a moon orbiting a planet of mass M is given by
R3T2=kM
where R is the average distance between the centre of the planet and the centre of the moon.
Show that k = G 4 π 2
[3]

(b.ii)
The following data for the Mars–Phobos system and the Earth–Moon system are available:
Mass of Earth = 5.97 × 10 24 kg
The Earth–Moon distance is 41 times the Mars–Phobos distance.
The orbital period of the Moon is 86 times the orbital period of Phobos.
Calculate, in kg, the mass of Mars.
[2]
 (c)
The graph shows the variation of the gravitational potential between the Earth and Moon with distance from the
centre of the Earth. The distance from the Earth is expressed as a fraction of the total distance between the centre of
the Earth and the centre of the Moon.

Determine, using the graph, the mass of the Moon.

[3]

9.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1A.SL.TZ1.9
A block is on the surface of a horizontal rotating disk. The block is at rest relative to the disk. The disk is rotating at
constant angular velocity.
What is the correct arrow to represent the direction of the frictional force acting on the block at the instant shown?

[1]

7.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1A.SL.TZ1.7
Two blocks of masses m and 2 m are travelling directly towards each other. Both are moving at the same constant
speed v. The blocks collide and stick together.
What is the total momentum of the system before and after the collision?

[1]

24.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1A.SL.TZ1.24
A motorcyclist is cornering on a curved race track.
 Which combination of changes of banking angle θ and coefficient of friction μ between the tyres and road allows the
motorcyclist to travel around the corner at greater speed?

[1]

3.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1A.SL.TZ1.3
A sky diver is falling at terminal speed when she opens her parachute. What are the direction of her velocity vector
and the direction of her acceleration vector before she reaches the new terminal speed?

[1]
6.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1A.SL.TZ1.6
An object of mass m is sliding down a ramp at constant speed. During the motion it travels a distance x along the
ramp and falls through a vertical distance h. The coefficient of dynamic friction between the ramp and the object is μ.
What is the total energy transferred into thermal energy when the object travels distance x ?

A. mgh
B. mgx
C. μmgh
D. μmgx
[1]

4.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1A.SL.TZ2.4
A book is at rest on a table. What is a pair of action–reaction forces for this situation according to Newton’s third law
of motion?

[1]
6.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1A.SL.TZ2.6
The graph shows the variation of momentum with time for an object.

What net force acts on the object for the first 2.0 s and for the second 2.0 s of the motion?

[1]

5.
[Maximum mark: 5]
19M.2.SL.TZ1.5
A small metal pendulum bob of mass 75 g is suspended at rest from a fixed point with a length of thread of
negligible mass. Air resistance is negligible. The bob is then displaced to the left.

At time t = 0 the bob is moving horizontally to the right at 0.8 m s –1. It collides with a small stationary object
also of mass 75 g. Both objects then move together with motion that is simple harmonic.
(a)
Calculate the speed of the combined masses immediately after the collision.
[1]

(b)
Show that the collision is inelastic.
[3]

(c)
Describe the changes in gravitational potential energy of the oscillating system from t = 0 as it oscillates through one
cycle of its motion.
[1]
8.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1A.SL.TZ2.8
A table-tennis ball of mass 3 g is fired with a speed of 10 m s -1 from a stationary toy gun of mass 0.600 kg. The gun
and ball are an isolated system.
What are the recoil speed of the toy gun and the total momentum of the system immediately after the gun is fired?

[1]

22.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1A.SL.TZ2.22
A particle of mass 0.02 kg moves in a horizontal circle of diameter 1 m with an angular velocity of 3 π rad s -1.
What is the magnitude and direction of the force responsible for this motion?

[1]

7.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1A.SL.TZ2.7
 An astronaut is moving at a constant velocity in the absence of a gravitational field when he throws a tool away from
him.
What is the effect of throwing the tool on the total kinetic energy of the astronaut and the tool and the total
momentum of the astronaut and the tool?

[1]

14.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1A.SL.TZ2.14
Object P moves vertically with simple harmonic motion (shm). Object Q moves in a vertical circle with a uniform
speed. P and Q have the same time period T. When P is at the top of its motion, Q is at the bottom of its motion.

What is the interval between successive times when the acceleration of P is equal and opposite to the acceleration of
Q?
A. T 4
B. T 2
C. 3 T 4
D. T
[1]

1.
[Maximum mark: 9]
19N.2.SL.TZ0.1
The graph shows the variation with time t of the horizontal force F exerted on a tennis ball by a racket.

The tennis ball was stationary at the instant when it was hit. The mass of the tennis ball is 5.8 × 10 –2 kg. The
area under the curve is 0.84 N s.

(a)
Calculate the speed of the ball as it leaves the racket.
[2]

(b)
Show that the average force exerted on the ball by the racket is about 50 N.
[2]

(c)
 Determine, with reference to the work done by the average force, the horizontal distance travelled by the ball while
it was in contact with the racket.
[3]

(d)
Draw a graph to show the variation with t of the horizontal speed v of the ball while it was in contact with the racket.
Numbers are not required on the axes.

[2]
8.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21N.1A.SL.TZ0.8
A net force F acts on an object of mass m that is initially at rest. The object moves in a straight line. The variation of F
with the distance s is shown.

What is the speed of the object at the distance s1?

A. F1s12m
B. F1s1m
C. 2F1s1m
D. 4F1s1m
[1]
9.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21N.1A.SL.TZ0.9
A ball rolls on the floor towards a wall and rebounds with the same speed and at the same angle to the wall.

What is the direction of the impulse applied to the ball by the wall?

[1]
22.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21N.1A.SL.TZ0.22
A mass at the end of a string is moving in a horizontal circle at constant speed. The string makes an angle θ to the
vertical.

What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the mass?

A. g
B. g sin θ
C. g cos θ
D. g tan θ
[1]
6.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21N.1A.SL.TZ0.6
X and Y are two objects on a frictionless table connected by a string. The mass of X is 2 kg and the mass of Y is 4 kg.
The mass of the string is negligible. A constant horizontal force of 12 N acts on Y.
 What are the acceleration of Y and the magnitude of the tension in the string?

[1]
2.
[Maximum mark: 8]
21M.2.HL.TZ1.2
A planet is in a circular orbit around a star. The speed of the planet is constant. The following data are given:

Mass of planet =8.0×1024 kg

Mass of star =3.2×1030 kg
Distance from the star to the planet R =4.4×1010 m.

A spacecraft is to be launched from the surface of the planet to escape from the star system. The radius of the
planet is 9.1 × 10 3 km.

(a)
Explain why a centripetal force is needed for the planet to be in a circular orbit.
[2]

(b)
Calculate the value of the centripetal force.
[1]
 (c.i)
Show that the gravitational potential due to the planet and the star at the surface of the planet is about −5 × 10 9 J
kg −1.
[3]

(c.ii)
Estimate the escape speed of the spacecraft from the planet–star system.
[2]

1.
[Maximum mark: 10]
21M.2.SL.TZ2.1
A football player kicks a stationary ball of mass 0.45 kg towards a wall. The initial speed of the ball after the kick
is 19 m s −1 and the ball does not rotate. Air resistance is negligible and there is no wind.

(a)
The player’s foot is in contact with the ball for 55 ms. Calculate the average force that acts on the ball due to the
football player.
[2]

(b.i)
The ball leaves the ground at an angle of 22°. The horizontal distance from the initial position of the edge of the ball to
the wall is 11 m. Calculate the time taken for the ball to reach the wall.
[2]

(b.ii)
The top of the wall is 2.4 m above the ground. Deduce whether the ball will hit the wall.
[3]
 (c)
In practice, air resistance affects the ball. Outline the effect that air resistance has on the vertical acceleration of the
ball. Take the direction of the acceleration due to gravity to be positive.
[2]

(d)
The player kicks the ball again. It rolls along the ground without sliding with a horizontal velocity of 1.40 m s−1. The
radius of the ball is 0.11 m. Calculate the angular velocity of the ball. State an appropriate SI unit for your answer.
[1]

6.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19N.1A.SL.TZ0.6
A cube slides down the surface of a ramp at a constant velocity. What is the magnitude of the frictional force that acts
on the cube due to the surface?
A. The weight of the cube
B. The component of weight of the cube parallel to the plane
 C. The component of weight of the cube perpendicular to the plane
D. The component of the normal reaction at the surface parallel to the plane
[1]
5.
[Maximum mark: 7]
19N.2.SL.TZ0.5
An electron is placed at a distance of 0.40 m from a fixed point charge of –6.0 mC.

(a)
Show that the electric field strength due to the point charge at the position of the electron is 3.4 × 10 8 N C –1.
[2]

(b(i))
Calculate the magnitude of the initial acceleration of the electron.
[2]

(b(ii))
Describe the subsequent motion of the electron.
[3]
22.
[Maximum mark: 1]
20N.1A.SL.TZ0.22
Mass M is attached to one end of a string. The string is passed through a hollow tube and mass m is attached to the
other end. Friction between the tube and string is negligible.

Mass m travels at constant speed v in a horizontal circle of radius r. What is mass M?

A. mv2r
B. mv2rg
C. mgv2r
D. mv2gr
[1]
1.
[Maximum mark: 10]
20N.2.HL.TZ0.1
A company delivers packages to customers using a small unmanned aircraft. Rotating horizontal blades exert a
force on the surrounding air. The air above the aircraft is initially stationary.

The air is propelled vertically downwards with speed v. The aircraft hovers motionless above the ground. A
package is suspended from the aircraft on a string. The mass of the aircraft is 0.95 kg and the combined mass of
the package and string is 0.45 kg. The mass of air pushed downwards by the blades in one second is 1.7 kg.
(a(i))
State the value of the resultant force on the aircraft when hovering.
[1]

(a(ii))
Outline, by reference to Newton’s third law, how the upward lift force on the aircraft is achieved.
[2]

(a(iii))
Determine v. State your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.
[3]

(a(iv))
Calculate the power transferred to the air by the aircraft.
[2]
 (b)
The package and string are now released and fall to the ground. The lift force on the aircraft remains unchanged.
Calculate the initial acceleration of the aircraft.
[2]

3.
[Maximum mark: 1]
20N.1A.SL.TZ0.3
An object of mass 2m moving at velocity 3v collides with a stationary object of mass 4m. The objects stick together
after the collision. What is the final speed and the change in total kinetic energy immediately after the collision?

[1]
5.
[Maximum mark: 1]
20N.1A.SL.TZ0.5
An object of mass 8.0 kg is falling vertically through the air. The drag force acting on the object is 60 N. What is the
best estimate of the acceleration of the object?
A. Zero
B. 2.5 m s-2
C. 7.5 m s-2
D. 10 m s-2
[1]
7.
[Maximum mark: 1]
20N.1A.SL.TZ0.7
Three forces act on a block which is sliding down a slope at constant speed. W is the weight, R is the reaction force at
the surface of the block and F is the friction force acting on the block.
 In this situation
A. there must be an unbalanced force down the plane.
B. W=R.
C. F=W.
D. the resultant force on the block is zero.
[1]
3.
[Maximum mark: 1]
20N.1A.SL.TZ0.3
A body is held in translational equilibrium by three coplanar forces of magnitude 3 N, 4 N and 5 N. Three statements
about these forces are
I. all forces are perpendicular to each other
II. the forces cannot act in the same direction
III. the vector sum of the forces is equal to zero.
Which statements are true?
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
[1]
9.
[Maximum mark: 1]
20N.1A.SL.TZ0.9
An object of mass m strikes a vertical wall horizontally at speed U. The object rebounds from the wall horizontally at
speed V.
What is the magnitude of the change in the momentum of the object?
A. 0
B. mV-U
C. mU-V
D. mU+V
[1]
1.
[Maximum mark: 11]
21M.2.SL.TZ1.1
Two players are playing table tennis. Player A hits the ball at a height of 0.24 m above the edge of the table,
measured from the top of the table to the bottom of the ball. The initial speed of the ball is 12.0 m s −1
horizontally. Assume that air resistance is negligible.
The ball bounces and then reaches a peak height of 0.18 m above the table with a horizontal speed of 10.5 m
s −1. The mass of the ball is 2.7 g.

(a)
Show that the time taken for the ball to reach the surface of the table is about 0.2 s.
[1]

(b)
Sketch, on the axes, a graph showing the variation with time of the vertical component of velocity vv of the ball until it
reaches the table surface. Take g to be +10 m s −2.

[2]
(c)
The net is stretched across the middle of the table. The table has a length of 2.74 m and the net has a height of 15.0
cm.
Show that the ball will go over the net.
[3]

(d.i)
Determine the kinetic energy of the ball immediately after the bounce.
[2]
 (d.ii)
Player B intercepts the ball when it is at its peak height. Player B holds a paddle (racket) stationary and vertical. The
ball is in contact with the paddle for 0.010 s. Assume the collision is elastic.

Calculate the average force exerted by the ball on the paddle. State your answer to an appropriate number of
significant figures.
[3]

7.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1A.SL.TZ1.7
A force acts on an object of mass 40 kg. The graph shows how the acceleration a of the object varies with its
displacement d.
 What is the work done by the force on the object?
A. 50 J
B. 2000 J
C. 2400 J
D. 3200 J
[1]
5.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1A.SL.TZ1.5
A mass is released from the top of a smooth ramp of height h. After leaving the ramp, the mass slides on a rough
horizontal surface.

The mass comes to rest in a distance d . What is the coefficient of dynamic friction between the mass and the
horizontal surface?
A. gdh
B. d2gh
C. dh
D. hd
[1]
6.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1A.SL.TZ1.6
Masses X and Y rest on a smooth horizontal surface and are connected by a massless spring. The mass of X is 3.0 kg
and the mass of Y is 6.0 kg. The masses are pushed toward each other until the elastic potential energy stored in the
spring is 1.0 J.

The masses are released. What is the maximum speed reached by mass Y?
A. 0.11 m s −1
B. 0.33 m s −1
C. 0.45 m s −1
D. 0.66 m s −1
[1]
6.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1A.SL.TZ1.6
A ball undergoes an elastic collision with a vertical wall. Which of the following is equal to zero?
 A. The change of the magnitude of linear momentum of the ball
B. The magnitude of the change of linear momentum of the ball
C. The rate of change of linear momentum of the ball
D. The impulse of the force on the ball
[1]
8.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1A.SL.TZ1.8
Two identical boxes are stored in a warehouse as shown in the diagram. Two forces acting on the top box and two
forces acting on the bottom box are shown.

Which is a force pair according to Newton’s third law?

A. 1 and 2
B. 3 and 4
C. 2 and 3
D. 2 and 4
[1]
7.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1A.SL.TZ1.7
Two forces act on an object in different directions. The magnitudes of the forces are 18 N and 27 N. The mass of the
object is 9.0 kg. What is a possible value for the acceleration of the object?
A. 0 m s −2
B. 0.5 m s −2
C. 2.0 m s −2
D. 6.0 m s −2
[1]
9.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1A.SL.TZ1.9
An electron has a linear momentum of 4.0 × 10 −25 kg m s −1. What is the order of magnitude of the kinetic energy of
the electron?
A. 10 −50 J
B. 10 −34 J
−19
 C. 10 −19 J
D. 10 6 J
[1]
8.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1A.SL.TZ2.8
A projectile is launched upwards at an angle θ to the horizontal with an initial momentum p 0 and an initial energy E0.
Air resistance is negligible. What are the momentum and total energy of the projectile at the highest point of the
motion?

[1]
5.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1A.SL.TZ2.5
A person with a weight of 600 N stands on a scale in an elevator.

What is the acceleration of the elevator when the scale reads 900 N?
A. 5.0 m s-2 downwards
B. 1.5 m s-2 downwards
C. 1.5 m s-2 upwards
D. 5.0 m s-2 upwards
[1]
6.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1A.SL.TZ2.6
Two identical boxes containing different masses are sliding with the same initial speed on the same horizontal
surface. They both come to rest under the influence of the frictional force of the surface. How do the frictional force
and acceleration of the boxes compare?
 [1]
4.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1A.SL.TZ2.4
A person is standing at rest on the ground and experiences a downward gravitational force W and an upward normal
force from the ground N . Which, according to Newton’s third law, is the force that together with W forms a force pair?
A. The gravitational force W acting upwards on the ground.
B. The gravitational force W acting upwards on the person.
C. The normal force N acting upwards on the person.
D. The normal force N acting downwards on the ground.
[1]
9.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1A.SL.TZ2.9
The graph shows the variation with distance of a horizontal force acting on an object. The object, initially at rest,
moves horizontally through a distance of 50 m.

A constant frictional force of 2.0 N opposes the motion. What is the final kinetic energy of the object after it has moved
50 m?
A. 100 J
B. 500 J
C. 600 J
D. 1100 J
[1]
7.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1A.SL.TZ2.7
Two identical blocks, each of mass m and speed v, travel towards each other on a frictionless surface.
 The blocks undergo a head-on collision. What is definitely true immediately after the collision?
A. The momentum of each block is zero.
B. The total momentum is zero.
C. The momentum of each block is 2 mv.
D. The total momentum is 2 mv.
[1]
24.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1A.SL.TZ2.24
A sphere is suspended from the end of a string and rotates in a horizontal circle. Which freebody diagram, to the
correct scale, shows the forces acting on the sphere?

[1]
23.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1A.SL.TZ2.23
An object moves in a circle of constant radius. Values of the centripetal force F are measured for different values of
angular velocity ω. A graph is plotted with ω on the x-axis. Which quantity plotted on the y-axis will produce a
straight-line graph?
A. F
B. F
C. F2
D. 1F
 [1]
3.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1A.SL.TZ2.3
A block rests on a rough horizontal plane. A force P is applied to the block and the block moves to the right.

There is a coefficient of friction μd giving rise to a frictional force F between the block and the plane. The force P is
doubled. Will μd and F be unchanged or greater?

[1]
22.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1A.SL.TZ1.22
A child stands on a horizontal rotating platform that is moving at constant angular speed. The centripetal force on the
child is provided by
A. the gravitational force on the child.
B. the friction on the child’s feet.
C. the tension in the child’s muscles.
D. the normal reaction of the platform on the child.
[1]
10.
[Maximum mark: 1]
20N.1A.SL.TZ0.10
A horizontal force F acts on a sphere. A horizontal resistive force kv2 acts on the sphere where v is the speed of the
sphere and k is a constant. What is the terminal velocity of the sphere?
A. kF
B. kF
C. Fk
D. Fk
[1]
9.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1A.SL.TZ2.9
A block of weight W slides down a ramp at constant velocity. A friction force F acts between the bottom of the block
and the surface of the ramp. A normal reaction N acts between the ramp and the block. What is the free-body
diagram for the forces that act on the block?
 [1]

8.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1A.SL.TZ1.8
The graph shows the variation with time of the resultant net force acting on an object. The object has a mass of 1kg
and is initially at rest.

What is the velocity of the object at a time of 200 ms?

A. 8 m s –1
B. 16 m s –1
C. 8 km s –1
D. 16 km s –1
[1]
25.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1A.SL.TZ1.25
Satellite X orbits a planet with orbital radius R. Satellite Y orbits the same planet with orbital radius 2 R. Satellites X and
Y have the same mass.
What is the ratio centripetal acceleration of X centripetal acceleration of Y ?
A. 1 4
B. 1 2
C. 2
D. 4
[1]

5.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21N.1A.SL.TZ0.5
An elevator (lift) and its load accelerate vertically upwards.

Which statement is correct in this situation?

A. The net force on the load is zero.

B. The tension in the cable is equal but opposite to the combined weight of the elevator and its load.
C. The normal reaction force on the load is equal but opposite to the force on the elevator from the load.
D. The elevator and its load are in translational equilibrium.
[1]
2.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21N.1A.SL.TZ0.2
A ball of mass (50 ± 1) g is moving with a speed of (25 ± 1) m s −1. What is the fractional uncertainty in the momentum
of the ball?

A. 0.02
B. 0.04
 C. 0.06
D. 0.08
[1]
4.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1A.SL.TZ1.4
A block moving with initial speed v is brought to rest, after travelling a distance d , by a frictional force f . A second
identical block moving with initial speed u is brought to rest in the same distance d by a frictional force f2. What is u?
A. v
B. v2
C. v2
D. v4
[1]
23.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1A.SL.TZ2.23
A satellite is orbiting Earth in a circular path at constant speed. Three statements about the resultant force on the
satellite are:
I. It is equal to the gravitational force of attraction on the satellite.
II. It is equal to the mass of the satellite multiplied by its acceleration.
III. It is equal to the centripetal force on the satellite.
Which combination of statements is correct?
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
[1]
5.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22N.1A.SL.TZ0.5
An object of mass 2.0 kg is on a horizontal surface. The object is pulled by a force of 12.0 N and accelerates at 2.0 m
s −2.
What is the coefficient of dynamic friction between the object and the surface?

A. 0.3
B. 0.4
C. 0.6
D. 0.8
[1]
21.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22N.1A.SL.TZ0.21
A mass attached to a string rotates in a gravitational field with a constant period in a vertical plane.
 How do the speed of the mass and the tension of the string compare at P and Q?

[1]
20.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22N.1A.SL.TZ0.20
A car on a road follows a horizontal circular path at a constant speed. What is the direction of the net force acting on
the car and the direction of the instantaneous velocity of the car?

[1]
1.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22N.1A.SL.TZ0.1
What is the definition of the SI unit for a force?

A. The force required to accelerate, in the direction of the force, a mass of 1 kg at 1 m s −2

B. The force required to accelerate, in the direction of the force, a mass at 1 m s −2
C. The weight of a mass of 0.1 kg
D. The change in momentum per second
[1]
8.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22N.1A.SL.TZ0.8
An engine is exerting a horizontal force F on an object that is moving along a horizontal surface at a constant velocity
v. The mass of the object is m and the coefficient of dynamic friction between the object and the surface is μ.
What is the power of the engine?

A. Fvμ
 B. μFv
C. mgvμ
D. μmgv
[1]
9.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22N.1A.SL.TZ0.9
A model rocket is launched from rest. The graph shows the variation with time t of the net force F applied on the
rocket. The average mass of the rocket is 0.20 kg.

What is the maximum velocity reached by the rocket?

A. 3.0 m s −1
B. 25 m s −1
C. 75 m s −1
D. 150 m s −1
[1]
19.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22N.1A.SL.TZ0.19
Two masses M and m are connected by a string that runs without friction through a stationary tube. Mass m rotates at
constant speed in a horizontal circle of radius 0.25 m. The weight of M provides the centripetal force for the motion of
m. The time period for the rotation of m is 0.50 s.

What is mass of Mmass of m?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 8
 [1]
1.
[Maximum mark: 8]
22N.2.SL.TZ0.1
A raindrop falls vertically from rest.

The graph shows how the speed of the raindrop varies with time t .

During the first 3.0 s of motion, the raindrop falls a distance of 21 m and reaches a speed of 9.0 m s −1. The mass
of the raindrop is 34 mg. The temperature of the raindrop does not change.

(a)
State the initial acceleration of the raindrop.
[1]

(b)
Explain, by reference to the vertical forces, how the raindrop reaches a constant speed.
[3]

(c.i)
Determine the energy transferred to the air during the first 3.0 s of motion. State your answer to an appropriate
number of significant figures.
[3]
 (c.ii)
Describe the energy change that takes place for t > 3.0 s.
[1]

4.
[Maximum mark: 5]
22N.2.SL.TZ0.4
A mass is attached to one end of a rod and made to rotate with constant speed in a vertical circle.

(a)
The scale diagram shows the weight W of the mass at an instant when the rod is horizontal.
Draw, on the scale diagram, an arrow to represent the force exerted on the mass by the rod.
 [2]
(b)
Explain why the magnitude of the force exerted on the mass by the rod is not constant.
[3]

6.
[Maximum mark: 9]
22N.2.SL.TZ0.6
Polonium-210 (Po-210) decays by alpha emission into lead-206 (Pb-206).

The following data are available.

Nuclear mass of Po-210 = 209.93676 u

Nuclear mass of Pb-206 = 205.92945 u
Mass of the alpha particle = 4.00151 u

(a)
Outline, by reference to nuclear binding energy, why the mass of a nucleus is less than the sum of the masses of its
constituent nucleons.
[2]

(b.i)
Calculate, in MeV, the energy released in this decay.
[2]
 (b.ii)
The polonium nucleus was stationary before the decay.
Show, by reference to the momentum of the particles, that the kinetic energy of the alpha particle is much greater
than the kinetic energy of the lead nucleus.
[3]

(b.iii)
In the decay of polonium-210, alpha emission can be followed by the emission of a gamma photon.
State and explain whether the alpha particle or gamma photon will cause greater ionization in the surrounding
material.
[2]

7.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22N.1A.SL.TZ0.7
A ball of mass 1.5 kg strikes a force sensor and bounces. The ball experiences a change in velocity of 10 m s −1. The
graph shows the variation with time t of the force F recorded by the sensor.
 What is Δ T?

A. 0.15 s
B. 0.30 s
C. 0.60 s
D. 3.0 s
[1]
2.
[Maximum mark: 1]
SPM.1A.SL.TZ0.2
A block of mass 2.0 kg accelerates from a speed of 15 m s −1 to a speed of 20 m s −1 without changing its direction.
What impulse acts on the block?

A. 2.5 N s
B. 5.0 N s
C. 10 N s
D. 17.5 N s
[1]
4.
[Maximum mark: 1]
SPM.1A.SL.TZ0.4
A person stands in an elevator (lift). The total mass of the person and the elevator is 800 kg. The elevator accelerates
upward at 2.0 m s −2.

What is the tension in the cable?

A. 1.6 kN
B. 6.4 kN
 C. 8.0 kN
D. 9.6 kN
[1]
6.
[Maximum mark: 1]
SPM.1A.SL.TZ0.6
A bird of weight W sits on a thin rope at its midpoint. The rope is almost horizontal and has negligible mass.

The tension in the rope is

A. less than W2
B. equal to W2
C. between W2 and W
D. greater than W
[1]
18.
[Maximum mark: 1]
SPM.1A.SL.TZ0.18
Planets X and Y orbit the same star.
The average distance between planet X and the star is five times greater than the average distance between planet Y
and the star.
What is orbital period of planet Xorbital period of planet Y?

A. 53
B. 5
C. 523
D. 53
[1]
1.
[Maximum mark: 4]
SPM.2.SL.TZ0.1
A block of mass 45 kg is placed on a horizontal table. There is no friction between the block and the table.

An object of mass 15 kg is placed on top of the block.

A force F acts on the block so that it accelerates. The acceleration of the object and the acceleration of the
block are the same so that they do not move relative to each other.

The coefficient of static friction between the block and the object is 0.60.
 (a)
State the nature and direction of the force that accelerates the 15 kg object.
[1]

(b)
Determine the largest magnitude of F for which the block and the object do not move relative to each other.
[3]

3.
[Maximum mark: 4]
SPM.2.SL.TZ0.3
A satellite moves around Earth in a circular orbit.

(a)
Draw an arrow on the diagram to represent the direction of the acceleration of the satellite.
[1]
(b)
The following data are given:
Mass of Earth, M = 5.97 × 10 24 kg
Radius of Earth, R = 6.37 × 10 6 m
Orbital period of the satellite, T = 5.62 × 10 3 s
(b.i)
Kepler’s Third Law of orbital motion states that T2=kr3 where k is a constant and r is the orbital radius of the satellite.
 Show that k=4π2GM.
[1]

(b.ii)
Determine the height of the satellite above the Earth’s surface.
[2]

5.
[Maximum mark: 1]
SPM.1A.HL.TZ0.5
A person stands in an elevator (lift). The total mass of the person and the elevator is 800 kg. The elevator accelerates
upward at 2.0 m s −2.

What is the tension in the cable?

A. 1.6 kN
B. 6.4 kN
C. 8.0 kN
 D. 9.6 kN
[1]
9.
[Maximum mark: 20]
SPM.2.HL.TZ0.9
The diagram shows two parallel conducting plates that are oppositely charged.

(a.i)
Draw the electric field lines due to the charged plates.
[2]
(a.ii)
The potential difference between the plates is 960 V and the distance between them is 8.0 mm. Calculate the electric
field strength E between the plates.
[2]

In an experiment, an oil drop is introduced into the space between the plates through a small hole in the upper
plate. The oil drop moves through air in a tube before falling between the plates.

(b)
Explain why the oil drop becomes charged as it falls through the tube.
[1]
(c)
The oil drop is observed to be stationary in the space between the plates. Buoyancy is one of the forces acting on the
drop.
The density of oil is 730 times greater than that of air.
(c.i)
Show that the buoyancy force is much smaller than the weight.
[3]

(c.ii)
Draw the forces acting on the oil drop, ignoring the buoyancy force.

[2]
(c.iii)
Show that the electric charge on the oil drop is given by
q=ρogVE
where ρo is the density of oil and V is the volume of the oil drop.
[2]
(c.iv)
State the sign of the charge on the oil drop.
[1]

(d)
The electric field is turned off. The oil drop falls vertically reaching a constant speed v.
(d.i)
Outline why, for this drop, ρogV=6πηrv where η is the viscosity of air and r is the radius of the oil drop.
[2]

(d.ii)
Show that the charge on the oil drop is about 4.8×10-19 C.
The following data for the oil drop are available:
r = 1.36 μm
η= 1.60 × 10-5 Pa s
v=0.140 mm s-1
[3]
 (d.iii)
The oil drop splits into two parts of equal mass. Both are charged. Deduce the net charge on each part.
[2]

1.
[Maximum mark: 1]
EXE.1A.HL.TZ0.1
Two bodies collide on a horizontal frictionless surface. Body X, of mass 2.0 kg, moves with an initial speed of 0.80 m s −1
and body Y is initially stationary. After the collision, body X moves at an angle of 90° to the initial direction of motion
with a speed of 0.60 m s −1.

What is the magnitude of the momentum of body Y after the collision?

A. 0.40 kg m s −1
B. 1.0 kg m s −1
C. 2.0 kg m s −1
D. 2.8 kg m s −1
[1]
2.
[Maximum mark: 1]
EXE.1A.HL.TZ0.2
 Ball 1 collides with an initially stationary ball 2 of the same mass. After the collision, the balls move with speeds v1 and
v2. Their velocities make angles θ1 and θ2 with the original direction of motion of ball 1.

What is v1v2

A. sin θ2sin θ1
B. sin θ1sin θ2
C. cos θ2cos θ1
D. cos θ1cos θ2
[1]
3.
[Maximum mark: 1]
EXE.1A.HL.TZ0.3
Object X collides with object Y. Y is initially stationary. The tracks of the colliding particles after the collision are
shown.
Which collision is elastic?

[1]
4.
[Maximum mark: 1]
EXE.1A.HL.TZ0.4
Diagram not to scale
 A mass of 2.0 kg travelling at 5.0 m s −1 collides with a mass of 4.0 kg travelling at 3.0 m s −1. The masses collide at right
angles. They join and move together after the collision at θ to the original direction of the 2.0 kg mass.
What is θ ?

A. 34°
B. 37°
C. 50°
D. 56°
[1]
1.
[Maximum mark: 1]
EXE.1A.SL.TZ0.1
A toy balloon floats at the end of a string. A wind blows horizontally to the right. The balloon is in translational
equilibrium.

What is the free-body diagram of the forces acting on the balloon?

[1]
2.
[Maximum mark: 1]
EXE.1A.SL.TZ0.2
A body of height 40 cm and uniform cross-sectional area floats in water. 10 cm of the height of the body remains
above the water line.

The density of water is ρ. What is the density of the body?

A. 14ρ
B. 13ρ
C. 23ρ
D. 34ρ
[1]
3.
[Maximum mark: 1]
EXE.1A.SL.TZ0.3
An object is suspended from a spring balance. When the object is in air the spring balance reads 900 N. When the
object is completely submerged in water the spring balance reads 400 N.
The density of water is 1000 kg m −3.
What is the volume of the object?

A. 0.04 m 3
B. 0.05 m 3
C. 0.09 m 3
D. 0.5 m 3
[1]
4.
[Maximum mark: 1]
EXE.1A.SL.TZ0.4
An object is submerged in a fluid. Three quantities relating to this situation are
I. the density of the object
II. the density of the fluid
III. the gravitational field strength
On which quantities does the buoyancy force acting on the object depend?

A. I and II
B. I and III
C. II and III
D. I, II and II
[1]
3.
[Maximum mark: 10]
EXE.2.HL.TZ0.3
Ball A, moving in a horizontal direction at an initial speed of 2.0 m s −1 collides with a stationary ball B of the
same mass. After the collision, ball A moves at a speed of 1.0 m s −1 at an angle of 45° to the original direction of
motion.

(a.i)
State the vertical component of the total momentum of the balls after the collision.
[1]

(a.ii)
Hence, calculate the vertical component of the velocity of ball B after the collision.
[2]

(b)
Determine the angle θ that the velocity of ball B makes with the initial direction of motion of ball A.
[3]
 (c)
Predict whether the collision is elastic.
[4]

4.
[Maximum mark: 6]
EXE.2.HL.TZ0.4
Two curling stones of the same mass collide elastically on a horizontal frictionless surface. Stone A moves with
an initial speed v and stone B is initially stationary. The speeds of the stones after the collision are vA and vB .
Their directions of motion make angles of 70° and 20° with the initial velocity of stone A.

(a.i)
State what is meant by an elastic collision.
[1]
 (a.ii)
No unbalanced external forces act on the system of the curling stones. Outline why the momentum of the system
does not change during the collision.
[1]

(b)
Show that vB=sin 70°sin 20°vA.
[1]

(c)
Determine vA. State the answer in terms of v.
[3]

5.
[Maximum mark: 7]
EXE.2.HL.TZ0.5
A curling stone of mass 17 kg travelling at 2.5 cm s −1 collides with a second stationary curling stone of mass 19
kg. The second curling stone is scattered with a speed of 0.50 cm s −1 at an angle of 30° to the initial direction of
the first stone.

(a.i)
Calculate the component of momentum of the first curling stone perpendicular to the initial direction.
[1]
(a.ii)
Calculate the velocity component of the first curling stone in the initial direction.
[2]

(a.iii)
Determine the velocity of the first curling stone.
[2]

(b)
Deduce whether this collision is elastic.
[2]
6.
[Maximum mark: 5]
EXE.2.HL.TZ0.6
A cannon is used to fire a shell into snow to trigger an avalanche before the snow can cause damage. The mass
of the cannon is 1500 kg and the mass of the shell is 15 kg. The shell is projected with an initial speed of 420 m
s −1 at an angle of 20° above the horizontal. The cannon is mounted so that it can only recoil horizontally.

(a)
Determine the recoil velocity of the cannon.
[3]

(b)
Calculate the initial kinetic energy of the cannon.
[1]

(c)
Suggest what happens to the vertical component of momentum of the cannon when the shell is fired.
[1]
1.
[Maximum mark: 14]
23M.2.HL.TZ1.1
A ball of mass 0.800 kg is attached to a string. The distance to the centre of the mass of the ball from the point
of support is 95.0 cm. The ball is released from rest when the string is horizontal. When the string becomes
vertical the ball collides with a block of mass 2.40 kg that is at rest on a horizontal surface.

(a)
Just before the collision of the ball with the block,
(a.i)
draw a free-body diagram for the ball.

[2]
(a.ii)
show that the speed of the ball is about 4.3 m s −1.
[1]
(a.iii)
determine the tension in the string.
[2]

(b)
After the collision, the ball rebounds and the block moves with speed 2.16 m s −1.
(b.i)
Show that the collision is elastic.
[4]
(b.ii)
Calculate the maximum height risen by the centre of the ball.
[2]

(c)
The coefficient of dynamic friction between the block and the rough surface is 0.400.
Estimate the distance travelled by the block on the rough surface until it stops.
[3]
6.
[Maximum mark: 11]
23M.2.HL.TZ1.6
(a)
The centres of two identical fixed conducting spheres each of charge + Q are separated by a distance D. C is the
midpoint of the line joining the centres of the spheres.

(a.i)
Sketch, on the axes, how the electric potential V due to the two charges varies with the distance r from the centre of
the left charge. No numbers are required. Your graph should extend from r = 0 to r = D.

[3]
(a.ii)
Calculate the work done to bring a small charge q from infinity to point C.
Data given:
Q = 2.0 × 10 −3 C,
q = 4.0 × 10 −9 C
D = 1.2 m
[2]
(b)
The small positive charge q is placed a distance x to the right of C. The distance x is very small compared to D.

(b.i)
The magnitude of the net force on q is given by 32kQqD3x. Explain why the charge q will execute simple harmonic
oscillations about C.
[2]

(b.ii)
The mass of the charge q is 0.025 kg.
Calculate the angular frequency of the oscillations using the data in (a)(ii) and the expression in (b)(i).
[2]
 (c)
The charges Q are replaced by neutral masses M and the charge q by a neutral mass m . The mass m is displaced away
from C by a small distance x and released. Discuss whether the motion of m will be the same as that of q .
[2]

1.
[Maximum mark: 12]
23M.2.HL.TZ2.1
A toy rocket is made from a plastic bottle that contains some water.

Air is pumped into the vertical bottle until the pressure inside forces water and air out of the bottle. The bottle
then travels vertically upwards.

The air–water mixture is called the propellant.

The variation with time of the vertical velocity of the bottle is shown.
The bottle reaches its highest point at time T1 on the graph and returns to the ground at time T2. The bottle
then bounces. The motion of the bottle after the bounce is shown as a dashed line.

(a)
Estimate, using the graph, the maximum height of the bottle.
[3]

(b)
Estimate the acceleration of the bottle when it is at its maximum height.
[2]

(c)
The bottle bounces when it returns to the ground.
(c.i)
Calculate the fraction of the kinetic energy of the bottle that remains after the bounce.
[2]
 (c.ii)
The mass of the bottle is 27 g and it is in contact with the ground for 85 ms.
Determine the average force exerted by the ground on the bottle. Give your answer to an appropriate number of
significant figures.
[3]

(d)
The maximum height reached by the bottle is greater with an air–water mixture than with only high-pressure air in
the bottle.
Assume that the speed at which the propellant leaves the bottle is the same in both cases.
Explain why the bottle reaches a greater maximum height with an air–water mixture.
[2]

6.
[Maximum mark: 1]
23M.1A.SL.TZ1.6
A ball attached to a string is made to rotate with constant speed along a horizontal circle. The string is attached to the
 ceiling and makes an angle of θ ° with the vertical. The tension in the string is T.

What is correct about the horizontal component and vertical component of the net force on the ball?

Horizontal component Vertical component

A. Tcos θ T sin θ

B. T sin θ Tcos θ

C. Tcos θ 0

D. T sin θ 0
[1]
7.
[Maximum mark: 1]
23M.1A.SL.TZ1.7
A block of mass 2.0 kg is placed on a trolley of mass 5.0 kg, moving horizontally. A force of 8.0 N is applied to the block
which slides on the surface of the trolley. The frictional force between the trolley and the ground is zero.

The trolley accelerates at a rate of 1.0 m s −2. What is the coefficient of dynamic friction between the block and the
trolley?

A. 0.05
B. 0.15
C. 0.25
D. 0.35
[1]
18.
[Maximum mark: 1]
23M.1A.SL.TZ1.18
An electron enters a region of uniform magnetic field at a speed v. The direction of the electron is perpendicular to
the magnetic field. The path of the electron inside the magnetic field is circular with radius r .
 The speed of the electron is varied to obtain different values of r .
Which graph represents the variation of speed v with r ?

[1]
20.
[Maximum mark: 1]
23M.1A.SL.TZ1.20
A stuntman rides a motorcycle on the inside surface of a cylinder.

Which is the correct free-body diagram showing all the forces acting on the cyclist at that position?
 [1]
8.
[Maximum mark: 1]
23M.1A.SL.TZ1.8
A block of mass 2.0 kg accelerates uniformly at a rate of 1.0 m s −2 when a force of 4.0 N acts on it.
The force is doubled while resistive forces stay the same. What is the block’s acceleration?

A. 4.0 m s −2
B. 3.0 m s −2
C. 2.0 m s −2
D. 1.0 m s −2
[1]
10.
[Maximum mark: 1]
23M.1A.SL.TZ1.10
A tennis ball is dropped from rest from a height. It hits the ground and bounces back to a lower height. Air resistance
is negligible.
What is correct about the collision of the tennis ball with the ground?

A. Elastic because momentum of the system is conserved

B. Elastic because the kinetic energy of the system is conserved
C. Inelastic because momentum of the system is not conserved
D. Inelastic because the kinetic energy of the system is not conserved
[1]
3.
[Maximum mark: 1]
23M.1A.SL.TZ2.3
A mass is suspended by a light string from the roof of a car. The car is accelerating up an incline.
 What is the free-body diagram for the mass?

[1]
5.
[Maximum mark: 1]
23M.1A.SL.TZ2.5
The angle θ between a ramp and a horizontal surface slowly increases from zero. An object on the ramp does not slide
as θ increases.

The frictional force on the object is

A. constant.
B. negligible.
C. proportional to cos θ .
D. proportional to sin θ .
[1]
6.
[Maximum mark: 1]
23M.1A.SL.TZ2.6
A spring of negligible mass is compressed and placed between two stationary masses m and M . The mass of M is
twice that of m . The spring is released so that the masses move in opposite directions.

What is kinetic energy of mkinetic energy of M?

A. 12
B. 1
C. 2
D. 4
[1]
19.
[Maximum mark: 1]
23M.1A.SL.TZ2.19
A mass on the end of a string is rotating on a frictionless table in circular motion of radius R1 and undergoes an angular
displacement of θ in time t .

The string tension is kept constant, but the angular displacement of the mass is increased to 2 θ in time t . The radius of
the motion changes to R2.
What is R2?

A. R14
B. 2 R1
C. 4 R1
D. R1 × R1
[1]
2.
[Maximum mark: 1]
23M.1A.SL.TZ2.2
A toy car of mass 2 kg is at rest on a horizontal surface. A force of 30 N is applied to the toy car at time t = 0. Frictional
forces of 10 N act on the toy car throughout its motion.
 What is the speed of the toy car at t = 2 s?

A. 10 m s −1
B. 20 m s −1
C. 30 m s −1
D. 40 m s −1
[1]
5.
[Maximum mark: 1]
23M.1A.SL.TZ2.5
A variable force with a maximum Fmax is applied to an object over a time interval T. The object has a mass m and is
initially at rest.

What is the speed of the object at time T?

A. FmaxT2m
B. FmaxTm
C. Fmax Tm
D. 2 Fmax Tm
[1]
2.
[Maximum mark: 20]
EXE.2.SL.TZ0.2
An Alpine village uses an electric tram system to transport visitors from a lower station up to an upper station
at the village. The length of the tramline is 3.0 km and the gradient of the tramline is a constant 10°.

The tram has a weight of 5.0 × 10 4 N and can carry a maximum of 75 passengers of average weight 710 N.
The energy is supplied to each tram through a single overhead cable with a resistance per unit length of 0.024
Ω km −1. The tram rails are used for the return path of the current. The return path and the connections from the
cable to the electric motor in the tram have negligible resistance.
The power supply maintains a constant emf of 500 V between the rails and the cable at the upper station.
Assume that the current through the motor is constant at 600 A and that the motor efficiency is always 0.90 for
the entire range of voltages available to the tram.

(a)
A tram is just leaving the lower railway station.
Determine, as the train leaves the lower station,
(a.i)
the pd across the motor of the tram,
[2]

(a.ii)
the mechanical power output of the motor.
[2]

(b)
Discuss the variation in the power output of the motor with distance from the lower station.
[2]
(c)
The total friction in the system acting on the tram is equivalent to an opposing force of 750 N.
For one particular journey, the tram is full of passengers.
Estimate the maximum speed v of the tram as it leaves the lower station.
[4]

(d)
The tram travels at v throughout the journey. Two trams are available so that one is returning to the lower station on
another line while the other is travelling to the village. The journeys take the same time.
It takes 1.5 minutes to unload and 1.5 minutes to load each tram. Ignore the time taken to accelerate the tram at the
beginning and end of the journey.
Estimate the maximum number of passengers that can be carried up to the village in one hour.
[4]
(e)
There are eight wheels on each tram with a brake system for each wheel. A pair of brake pads clamp firmly onto an
annulus made of steel.
The train comes to rest from speed v. Ignore the energy transferred to the brake pads and the change in the
gravitational potential energy of the tram during the braking.
Calculate the temperature change in each steel annulus as the tram comes to rest.
Data for this question
The inner radius of the annulus is 0.40 m and the outer radius is 0.50 m.
The thickness of the annulus is 25 mm.
The density of the steel is 7860 kg m −3
The specific heat capacity of the steel is 420 J kg −1 K−1
[4]

(f)
The speed of the tram is measured by detecting a beam of microwaves of wavelength 2.8 cm reflected from the rear
of the tram as it moves away from the station. Predict the change in wavelength of the microwaves at the stationary
microwave detector in the station.
[2]