DCC30122
DCC30122
DCC30122
PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR
SESI I : 2022/2023
SULIT
SULIT DCC30122: FLUID MECHANICS
SECTION A : 50 MARKS
BAHAGIAN A : 50 MARKAH
INSTRUCTION:
This section consists of TWO (2) structured questions. Answer ALL the questions.
ARAHAN :
Bahagian ini mengandungi DUA (2) soalan berstruktur. Jawab SEMUA soalan.
QUESTION 1
SOALAN 1
CLO1 (a) Fluid mechanics is the study of fluid behavior either liquid or a gas.Explain
C2 TWO (2) differences in physical characteristic between liquid and gas.
Mekanik bendalir adalah kajian mengenai perlakuan bendalir sama ada cecair
atau gas.Terangkan DUA (2) perbezaan ciri-ciri fizikal antara cecair dan gas.
[5 marks ]
[5markah]
CLO1 (b) Fluid possess different basis properties which can be used to characterize the
C2 fluids. Identify the formula for the fluid properties below:
i) Specific weight
Berat tentu
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
2 SULIT
SULIT DCC30122: FLUID MECHANICS
CLO1 (c) An overhead tank has length, width and height of 2.5m, 3.0 m and 2.0m
C2 respectively. If the water is filled up to three quarters of its height, explain;
Sebuah tangki mempunyai panjang, lebar dan tinggi 2.5m, 3.0m dan 2.0m
masing-masing. Jika air diisi sehingga tiga per empat daripada tinggi tangki,
terangkan;
[6 marks]
[6markah]
ii) If a similar tank is filled to the same level with oil with a mass of 3500kg,
identify the density and specific gravity of the oil.
Jika tangki yang sama diisi dengan 3500kg minyak dengan ketinggian
yang sama, kenalpasti ketumpatan dan graviti tentu minyak tersebut.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]
QUESTION 2
SOALAN 2
CLO1 (a) Pressure measurements are generally indicated as being either absolute or
C2 gauge pressure. The absolute pressure at point A is 750x103 N/m2. Identify the
gauge pressure if the atmospheric pressure is 101.3kN/m2.
[5 marks]
[5 markah]
3 SULIT
SULIT DCC30122: FLUID MECHANICS
CLO1 (b) Liquid pressure at a point increases with the increase in height of the liquid.
C2 Explain the depth below the surface of oil with specific gravity of 0.8, that
produces a pressure of 220 kN/m2. Then, identify the depth of water using the
same pressure value.
[8 marks]
[8 markah]
CLO1 (c) A U- tube differential manometer is connected to pipe P and pipe Q as shown
C2 in Figure A2(c). Pipe P flows water with the density ρw = 1000 kg/m3 and in
pipe Q contains oil with the density ρo = 900 kg/m3. If the pressure in pipe P is
200kN/m2, and U-tube contains mercury (ρw = 13600 kg/m3)
[6 marks]
[6 markah]
4 SULIT
SULIT DCC30122: FLUID MECHANICS
Oil
Q
N
Water 0.7m
MP
2.5m
1.2 m
Mercury
5 SULIT
SULIT DCC30122: FLUID MECHANICS
SECTION B : 50 MARKS
BAHAGIAN B : 50 MARKAH
INSTRUCTION:
This section consists of FOUR (4) essay questions. Answers TWO (2) questions
only.
ARAHAN :
Bahagian ini mengandungi EMPAT (4) soalan esei. Jawab DUA (2) soalan sahaja.
QUESTION 1
SOALAN 1
CLO2 (a) The Reynold’s Number is the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces within a
C3 fluid, which is subjected to relative internal movement due to different fluid
velocities. Identify the Reynold’s Number formula and the THREE (3)
categorization of Reynold’s Number.
Nombor Reynold adalah nisbah daya inersia kepada daya kelikatan di dalam
bendalir, tertakluk kepada pergerakan dalaman relatif disebabkan halaju
bendalir yang berbeza. Kenalpasti formula Nombor Reynold’s dan TIGA (3)
kategori Nombor Reynold’s.
[5 marks]
[5 markah]
6 SULIT
SULIT DCC30122: FLUID MECHANICS
CLO2 (c) A student has conducted a Reynold’s experiment in hydraulic laboratory and the
C4 test result is as in Table B1(c).
Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan eksperimen Reynold di makmal hidraulik
dan keputusan ujian adalah seperti Jadual B1(c).
Table B1(c) / Jadual B1(c)
Diameter of pipe, d 0.01m
Diameter paip
Kinematic viscosity of water, ν 1 × 10−3 𝑚𝑚2 ⁄𝑠𝑠
Kelikatan kinematic air, ν
Volume, V 450ml
Isipadu, V
Time 37.39s
Masa
Calculate:
Kirakan:
7 SULIT
SULIT DCC30122: FLUID MECHANICS
QUESTION 2
SOALAN 2
CLO2 (a) Flow measurement is an action to measure the flow of liquids, gases and vapors
C3 using a flow measurement instrument or device, which measures the rate of flow
or the quantity of flow. Explain the meaning of velocity, flow rate and continuity
equation.
Pengukuran aliran ialah aliran cecair, gas dan wap menggunakan alat atau
peranti pengukuran aliran, yang mengukur kadar aliran kadar aliran atau
kuantiti aliran. Terangkan maksud halaju, kadar alir dan persamaan keterusan.
[5 marks]
[5 markah]
CLO2 (b) Water flows at a rate of 15liters/s in a 100mm diameter pipe. Pipe AB branches
C4
into three pipes at its end which are pipes at its end which are pipes BC, BD and
BE as shown in Figure B2(b). The diameters of BD and BC are 25mm and BE
is 50mm. The flowrate in pipe BC is three times than pipe BE. The velocity in
pipe BD is 4m/s. Calculate the velocity in pipe BC and BE.
Air mengalir pada kadar alir 15liter/s dalam paip bergarispusat 100mm. Paip
AB bercabang kepada tiga paip di hujungnya iaitu paip-paip BC, BD dan BE
ditunjukkan seperti Rajah B2(b) di bawah. Garis pusat BD dan BC ialah 25mm
dan BE ialah 50mm. Kadalir di dalam paip BC ialah tiga kali ganda kadar alir
di dalam paip BE. Halaju didalam paip BD ialah 4m/s. kirakan kadar alir
didalam paip-paip BC serta halaju dalam paip BC dan BE.
[8marks]
[8 markah]
8 SULIT
SULIT DCC30122: FLUID MECHANICS
CLO2 (c) A ventury meter is being used to measure discharge in a pipeline of diameter
C4 25cm which carries water. When the different in pressure on a mercury
manometer is 375mm, calculate the discharge in the pipeline. The venturi meter
has a throat diameter of 80mm with 0.96 coefficient of discharge. (Given
density of mercury = 13600kg/m3)
Sebuah meter venturi digunakan untuk mengira kadar alir di dalam sebuah paip
dengan diameter 25cm yang mengandungi air. Apabila perbezaan tekanan di
dalam manometer merkuri ialah 375mm, kirakan kadar alir di dalam paip
tersebut. Diameter di leher paip ialah 80mm dan pekali kadar alir adalah
sebanyak 0.96. (Diberi ketumpatan merkuri = 13600 kg/m3)
[12marks]
[12 markah]
QUESTION 3
SOALAN 3
(a) Pipe losses its energy due to several factors and occur as the fluid flows along
CLO2
C3 straight lengths of pipe. Identify FIVE (5) types of minor losses in pipe.
CLO2 (b) The amount of energy lost depends on a number of factors such as the fluid’s
C4 speed and viscosity. Calculate the energy loss due to friction in a pipe, with the
pipe length of 400m and diameter of 20cm. Given velocity of water is 2m/s and
coefficient of friction = 0.01.
9 SULIT
SULIT DCC30122: FLUID MECHANICS
CLO2 (c) Referring to Figure C3, two pipes are connected parallel to each other between
C4 two reservoirs. The diameter is 50mm for pipe 1 and 100mm for pipe 2 and both
pipes have the length of 150m. Calculate the discharge in pipe 1. Given
coefficient of friction, f = 0.008.
Merujuk Rajah C3, dua paip disambung secara selari di antara dua takungan.
Diameter paip 1 ialah 50mm dan diameter paip 2 ialah 100mm dan kedua-dua
paip mempunyai panjang 150m. Kira kadaralir aliran dalam paip 1. Di beri
pekali geseran, f=0.008.
H=10m
[12 marks]
[12 markah]
QUESTION 4
SOALAN 4
(a) Newton’s law for fluids states that the rate of shear strain in a fluid is directly
CLO2
C3 proportional to applied shear stress. Explain the following law of motion for;
Hukum Newton untuk bendalir menyatakan bahawa kadar terikan ricih dalam
bendalir adalah berkadar terus dengan tegasan ricih yang dikenakan.
Terangkan Hukum pergerakan berikut;
10 SULIT
SULIT DCC30122: FLUID MECHANICS
CLO2 (b) A oil jet with 75 mm diameter having specific gravity 0.8 strikes normally a
C4 stationary flat plate. If the force exerted by the oil jet on the plate is 1200N,
calculate the velocity of jet oil.
CLO2 (c) A water jet with 50 mm diameter and having a velocity of 25m/s enters
C4 tangentially a stationary curved vane without shock and is deflected though an
angle of 45o shown in Figure A4(c) below. Calculate the magnitude and
direction of the resultant force on the vane.
25m/s Fx
FR
Fy
SOALAN TAMAT
11 SULIT
FORMULA DCC30122 - FLUID MECHANICS
ρ= m Qs = Cd.Ac 2 gh 2
1 V
V hL = ( − 1) 2 2
vc = Cv
CC 2g
2 gh
s = ρliquid / ρwater
(V1 − V2 ) 2
Cc = Ac / A hL =
2g
ω = W
V Cv = vc / v F = ρ A V. (V1 – V2)
v= μ/ρ Cd = Cc x Cv F = ρ A V2 kos q
P = ρgh Cv = F = ρ A V ( 1 + kos q )
2
x2
4 yh
Q = Av F = ρ A V2 sin q
2
Q = 2 Cd b 2g H 2
3/ 2
− H1
3/ 2
H= P + V +Z 3
ρg 2g
hf = 4. f .l.v 2
Q= A1 2 gH 2 gd
(m 2 − 1)
hf = flQ 2
Q = Cd A1 2 gH 3d 5
(m 2 − 1) V1
2
hL =
2g
H = ( sm ' − sl ) x
2
0 .5V
sl hL =
2g