Week 8

Week 8
Structured Types – tuples, dictionaries

Structured Types: tuples
Tuples are an ordered sequence of elements, which may contain a mix of

element types
Tuples are immutable, you cannot change element values
Tuples are represented using parentheses ( )
2
Example with Tuples
#create an empty tuple
t1 = ()
Output:
()
#create a tuple containing 3 values
(1, 'Two', 3)
t2 = (1,"Two", 3)
Two
<class 'str’>
#display the tuples
print(t1)
print(t2)
#display an element in a tuple

print( t2[1] )
#display the type of the element

print( type(t2[1]))
#tuples are immutable

#t2[0] = 5 -> TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
3
Structured Types: tuples
Like strings, tuples can be concatenated, indexed and sliced.
#concatenating tuples Output:

t1 = ( 'a', 'b', 5) ('a', 'b', 5, 7)
t2 = (7,) 5
t1 = t1 + t2 ('b', 5)
print(t1)
#indexing with tuples

print(t1[2])
#slicing tuples
print(t1[1:3]) 4
Exercises with Tuples
Write a python script that creates two tuples, one that contains the names of the G8
countries, and one that contains the top 10 countries to live in.
• Your script should find the common countries and store in a new tuple.
• Update your script to also find and store in a tuple all countries from both groups
(no duplicates).
See: common_countries.py
5
Dictionaries
• A dictionary is a container that stores
associations between keys and values. key1 value1
• Also known as a map, because it maps key2 value2
unique keys to values.
key3 value3
• Every key is associated with a value.
• Keys must be unique in a dictionary. … …
• Values can be duplicated, but each value keyN valueN
will be associated with a unique key.
6
Creating Dictionaries
Dictionary objects are created using curly braces { }

Syntax:
dict = {key1 : value1, key2 : value2, … keyN : valueN }
You can create an empty dictionary, using empty braces.
dict = {}
Example:
#create a dictionary
phone = { 'Evren':7445167, 'Ana':6413354,'Enes':6543210}
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Accessing Dictionary Values
The subscript operator([ ]) is used to return the Example:
value associated with a key. phone = { 'Evren':7445167,
'Ana':6413354,
'Enes':6543210}
Dictionary is not a sequence-type container like a name = input('Enter name to search: ')
list so although the subscript operator is used, you
cannot access the items by numeric if name in phone:
print(name,"'s number is:",phone[name])
index/position. else:
print(name,' not in dictionary')
The given key must be in the dictionary, if it is not,
a KeyError will be raised. Use in/not in to
check if key values exist before accessing.
Syntax:
dict[ key ] -> returns the value associated

with a given key.
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Adding/Updating Values
Dictionaries are mutable, you can change its contents after it has been created.
To change a value associated with a given key, set a new value using the [ ] operator on
an existing key.
dict[key]= new_value
To add items to the dictionary, just specify the new value using a new unique key:
dict[new_key]= new_value
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Example with Adding/Updating
name = input('Enter person to update: ')
number = input('Enter phone number: ')
if name in phone:
phone[name] = number
print(name, 'updated! (', phone[name],')')
else:
phone[name] = number
print(name, 'added! (', phone[name],')')
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Removing Items – pop( )
To remove a key / value pair from the dictionary, you can use the pop() function.
Syntax:
dict.pop( key ) -> removes the key/value pair with the given key.
Example:
#remove keys from dictionary
name = input('Enter person to remove: ')
if name in phone:
phone.pop(name)
print(name, 'removed! ')
else:
print(name, 'not in phone book') 11
Traversing a Dictionary (Iteration)
You can iterate over the individual keys in a dictionary using a for loop.
Example:
#traversing a dictionary
print('Contact List: ')
for people in phone:
print(people,phone[people])
Note: the above example is used to show iteration through the elements in a dictionary, but
it can also be done without using a for loop.
12
Dictionary Function Summary
Function Purpose
len(d) Returns the number of items in d.
d.keys() Returns a view of the keys in d.
d.values() Returns a view of the values in d.
k in d Returns true if k is in d.
d[k] Returns the item in d with key k.
d.get(k,v) Returns d[k] if k is in d, v otherwise.
d[k] = v Associates the value v with the key k in d, if there is already a
value associated with k, that value is replaced.
d.pop(k) Removes the key/value pair with the given key, k in d.
for k in d Iterates over the keys in d.
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Exercise - Dictionaries
Write a script that does the following:

• creates a dictionary of cars, where the key values are the brands, and the values are the
country of origin.
('Toyota':'Japan','Volkswagen':'Germany','Honda':'Japan','BMW':'Germany','Volvo':'Sweden')
• Inputs a brand from the user and displays the country of the given brand.
• Inputs a country from the user and displays the car brands from the given country.
See: car_dictionary.py
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Week 8

Structured Types – tuples, dictionaries

Tuples are an ordered sequence of elements, which may contain a mix of

#display an element in a tuple

#display the type of the element

#tuples are immutable

#concatenating tuples Output:

#indexing with tuples

Dictionary objects are created using curly braces { }

dict[ key ] -> returns the value associated

Write a script that does the following:

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