Belay Intern Final

BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTION OF TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
INTERNSHIP FINAL REPORT
PROJECT TITEL: SCREW TYPE LIFT TABEL TRUCK WITHOUT
HYDRAULIC PUMP AND FISH FEED PELLETIZER MACHINE
HOSTING COMPANY: AMHARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE
DURATION: FEBRUARY/15/ 2017-JUNE/15/ 2017
ADVISOR: Mr. YIBELTAL WOLLETAW
SUBMITTED BY: BELAYNEH SEMAHEGN
ID: 0600349
SUBMITTED TO: BAHIR DAR INSTITUTION OF TECHNOLOGY
SUBMISSION DATE: 21/10/2009E.
FINAL INTERNSHIP REPORT 2017. BAHIR DAR INSTITUTION TECHNOLOGY /BIT/
Student Declaration and Approval of Mentor & Supervisor

I am a 4th year mechanical engineering student in Bahir Dar Institute of Technology /BIT/, and I
have been undertaken my internship experience in Amhara metal industry and machine technology
development enterprise for a period of four months from February 2017 – June 2017under the
guidance of Mr.Yibeltal Wolletaw, Academics advisor and Mr. Embakom company advisor.
Trainee:
Belayneh semahegn
Fourth Year mechanical engineering
Signature date
Institute Mentor:
Mr. Yibeltal.wolletaw
Faculty of mechanical and industrial engineering
Signature date
Company Supervisor:
Mr. Embakom
Amhara metal industry and machine technology development enterprise.
AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE I

Acknowledgment
First of all I would like to thank the almighty God for his unforgettable help in all direction.
I express my thankfulness to God for his blessing and guidance throughout my entire training.
We would like to express our profound to Amhara metal industry and machine technology
development enterprise which is willing to accept our internship program, for valuable guidance
and providing necessary facilities and source during this internship program.
I would like to tanks for Bahir Dar Institute of technology for providing such kind of an opportunity
for students to apply their understanding in practical knowledge and improve theoretical
knowledge.
Next to this I give great altitude for our advisor for Mr. .Yibeltal Wolletaw for academic advisor
and Mr. Embakom for company advisor.
AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE II

Executive summery
This internship project contains five main chapters with sub topics. The first chapter is about the
background of Amhara metal industry and machine technology development enterprise with its
brief history, main products and services, the main customers, organizational structure, work flow
and its vision and mission. The second chapter represents over all internship experience the
problem statement that have been faced and the proposed solution and also the work task that we
executed. the third chapter consists of aver all conclusion and recommendation about internship
period .the fourth chapter consists that project work ,I have been excited two project in this
internship period, the one is that screw type lift table track without hydraulic pump,in order to
solve the company problem and we design this machine accordingly to the requirement of the
company, the second project is that fish feed pelletizer machine which is the main product of the
company ,during manufacture of this machine I observe that some limitation so we proceed that
to solve such problems. Chapter fifth consists aver all reference that we use in internship program.
AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE III

Notation
p = Pitch of the screw,
d = Mean diameter of the screw,
Ɓ= Angle of inclination of the link with the horizontal.
ᾳ= Helix angle,
T= Total torque required to rotate the screw
P = Effort applied at the circumference of the screw to lift the load,
W = Load to be lifted, and
= Coefficient of friction, between the screw and nut
= tan ɸ, where ɸ is the friction angle.
𝑊𝑐𝑟 = Critical load,
𝜎𝑦 = Yield stress,
𝜏 = Shearing Permissible stresses.
𝜎𝑡 = 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒Permissible stresses.
L = Length of screw,
k = Least radius of gyration,
E = Modulus of elasticity,
n = Number of threads in engagement,
𝑑𝑐 = Core or root diameter of the screw,
𝑑𝑜 = Outside or major diameter of nut or screw,
d = Mean diameter of screw
𝑃𝑏 = The bearing pressure on the threads
F.s=Factor of safety
k = Radius of gyration
I=moment of inertia
AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE IV

Table of Contents
Student Declaration and Approval of Mentor & Supervisor ......................................................................... i
Acknowledgment .......................................................................................................................................... ii
Executive summery ...................................................................................................................................... iii
Notation ....................................................................................................................................................... iv
List of figure ............................................................................................................................................... viii
List of table.................................................................................................................................................... x
1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Back ground of the company .............................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Objectives of the enterprise ......................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Enterprise engagement....................................................................................................................... 1
1.4 Product of the company ..................................................................................................................... 2
1.5 Main costumer or end users ............................................................................................................... 2
1.6 Organizational structure ..................................................................................................................... 3
1.7 Work flow of the company ................................................................................................................. 4
1.8 Vision of the company ........................................................................................................................ 5
1.9 Mission of the company...................................................................................................................... 5
1.10 Values of the company ..................................................................................................................... 5
1.11 Slogan of the company ..................................................................................................................... 5
2 .overall Internship experience ................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Work task we have been executed ..................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Machine installation............................................................................................................................ 6
2.2.1Preparation of foundation ............................................................................................................ 6
2.2.2 Installation Procedure: ................................................................................................................. 7
2.3 Major challenges and problems that we faced during installation .................................................... 8
2.4 Proposed solution ............................................................................................................................... 8
2.5 Overall benefits I gain from internship ............................................................................................... 8
AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE V

2.5.1 Improving Practical skills .............................................................................................................. 9

2.5.2 Upgrading theoretical knowledge................................................................................................ 9
2.5.3 Improving team playing skills....................................................................................................... 9
2.5.4 Improving leadership skills......................................................................................................... 10
2.5.5 Understanding about work ethics related issues ...................................................................... 10
2.5.6 Understanding how to be entrepreneurship skills .................................................................... 11
2.5.7 Improving interpersonal communication skills.......................................................................... 11
3. Conclusion and recommendation ........................................................................................................... 13
3.1 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 13
3.2 Recommendation.............................................................................................................................. 13
3.2.1 Recommendation for Amara metal industry and machine technology development enterprise
............................................................................................................................................................ 13
3.2.2 Recommendation for Bahir dar University ................................................................................ 14
3.2.3Recommendation for faculty ...................................................................................................... 14
3.2.4 Recommendation for university industrial linkage .................................................................... 14
4. Project work ............................................................................................................................................ 15
4.1 Design modelling of screw type lift table truck without hydraulic pump......................................... 15
4.1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 15
4.1.2 Literature review........................................................................................................................ 20
4.1.3. Objective ................................................................................................................................... 21
4.1.4. Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 22
4.1.5. Component design .................................................................................................................... 23
4.1.3 Design of guiding link ..................................................................................................................... 28
4.1.6. Result and Discusion ................................................................................................................. 31
4.1.7 Cost analyiss ............................................................................................................................... 32
4.1.8 Conclusion and Recommendation ............................................................................................. 32
4.2 design and manufacture fish feed pelletizer machine...................................................................... 33
4.2.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 33
AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE VI

4.2.2. Literature review....................................................................................................................... 39

4.2.3. Objective ................................................................................................................................... 39
4.2.4. Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 40
4.2.5 Component design ..................................................................................................................... 40
4.2.6 Result and Discussion................................................................................................................. 50
4.2.7 Cost analysis ............................................................................................................................... 51
4.2.7. Conclusion and recommendation ............................................................................................. 52
5. Reference ................................................................................................................................................ 53
AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE VII

List of figure
Figure 1.1company structural organization ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
Figure 1.2 company flow work -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Figure 2.1 foundation of machine installation ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7
Figure 2.2 locate the place of foundation bolt ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7
Figure 4.1.1 power screw------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
Figure 4.1.2 link ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
Figure 4.1.3 guide link ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
Figure 4.1.5 hinge ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
Figure 4.1.6 hand wheel -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
Figure 4.1.7 wheel---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
Figure 4.1.8 plate ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
Figure 4.1.9 handle--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
Figure 4.1.10 set screw---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
Figure 4.1.11 when the machine is at maximum height ---------------------------------------------------------- 19
Figure 4.1.12 when the machine is at minimum height ---------------------------------------------------------- 20
Figure 4.2.1feed chamber ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 35
Figure 4.2.2 pelleting chamber------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 35
Figure 4.2.3 roller assembly --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
Figure 4.2.4 die-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36
Figure 4.2.5 shaft holder, discharge and screener assembly ---------------------------------------------------- 36
Figure 4.2.6 electric motor ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36
Figure 4.2.8shaft ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 36
Figure 4.2.10 wheel -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37
Figure 4.2.11 handle ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37
Figure 4.2.12 bearing13 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37
Figure 4.2.14modeling of fish feed pelletizer machine ----------------------------------------------------------- 39
AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE VIII

Figure 4.2.15 configuration of pulley ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41

Figure 4.2.16 shaft and pulley arrangement ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44
Figure 4.2.17 applied load in the shaft -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45
Figure 4.2.18 shear force and bending moment diagram -------------------------------------------------------- 45
AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE IX

List of table
Table 4.1.2 design data --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23
Table 4.1.3 description of factor of safety -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
Table 4.1.4 result and discussion -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
Table 4.2.2 standard pitch length of v-belt ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43
Table 4.2.3 recommended value of km and kt --------------------------------------------------------------------- 46
Table 4.2.4 result and discussion -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50
Table 4.2.5 cost analysis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51
AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE X

1. Introduction
1.1 Back ground of the company
Amhara National Regional State Metal Industry and Machine Technology Development
Enterprise was established according to proclamation number 127/2007 E.C to meet the gap of
technology requirement among Manufacturing Industry, Agriculture Sector, Micro and Small
enterprise in terms of product and service. Currently the Enterprise is starting to manufacture
different types of technological products by the two existed well organized workshops found at
Bahir Dar and Kombolcha city (Amhara region). The enterprise is hereby established as an
autonomous regional government enterprise having its own legal personality and has its capacity
to bring technological transfer as well as increasing production and productivity in the region in
particular and National carry out production and commercialization of metal and machine
technologies through solving the demand, supply and utilization obstruction seen in the
manufacturing industry and agricultural sectors in the region.
1.2 Objectives of the enterprise

The General objective of the enterprise is to full fill the gaps of Agricultural technologies
encountered the small folder farmers for increasing production and productivity of the Agricultural
products.
1.3 Enterprise engagement

The enterprise is engaged in the 7 engineering and metal subsectors manufactured in demand
driven based, namely:
1. Agricultural technology production and supply
2. Food processing machine production and supply
3. General machine production and supply
4. Transport machine production and supply
AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE 1

5. Environmental protection machines production and supply
6. Construction machines production and supply
7. Different machinery spare parts production and supply.
1.4 Product of the company

Amhara National Regional State Metal Industry and Machine Technology Development
Enterprise was established to meet the gap of technology requirement among Manufacturing
Industry, Agriculture Sector, Micro and Small enterprise in terms of product and service. Currently
the company produce different product based on reverse engineering technics .such technics is
important for developing country to produce different spare part and machine components. The
current main product of the company is:
 Car parking and shade
 Fish feed pelletizer machine
 Pipe bender
 Manual bar cuter
 Seed cleaner
 Hand puller winch with self-locking without wire rope
 Screw type lift table truck without hydraulic pump
 Thresher machine.
1.5 Main costumer or end users

The main costumer of company produced are:
 Amara regional state administration office-car parking and shade.
 Bahir Dar University-mixer and fish feed pelletizer machine.
 Rural society-agricultural product.

1.6 Organizational structure Board of director
General Manager
Audit services
Law services
Planning, ICT and law services
Deputy Manager Deputy Manager Deputy Manager
Purchasing
Technology Quality Marketing
procurement Human
development control exposure
, finance and resource
and marketing assessment and
property
preparation process purchasing
management
process
process
Agriculture Preparation for Finance
development design marketing coordinator
coordinator coordinator
Industrial Product Purchasing

development design sales coordinator
coordinator coordinator
Biophysical economic Industrial Property

research coordinator input, management
purchasing coordinator
coordinator
Marketing
preparation General work shop Product specific factory
coordinator
Metal product and
Wood shop coordinator machine coordinator
Assembling coordinator
Electrical and electronics coordinator
Figure 1.1Company structural organization . Machine installation

coordinator

1.7 Work flow of the company
Need
Costumer
Marketing and sailing of

product
Design coordinator
Quality control
coordinator
Marketing and sales

of product
Manufacturing
section
Quality control
Marketing
Costumer
services
Costumer
Feed back
Figure 1.2 Company flow work.

1.8 Vision of the company

 To see metal machine technology built its capacity in the region.
1.9 Mission of the company

 Metal Machine technology to the promotion of the development, transfer,
preparation, marketing, production and entry into the market for performing
agricultural and industrial technology to alleviate bottlenecks in the global market
and competitive technologies and extractive industry.
1.10 Values of the company

 We are passionate about our customer
 Our employees are the heart of our business
 We are committed to deliver exceptional values
 Profitability is the core of our business
 We believes in working together as team and as partner
 We never stop learning and growing
 We care about the environment.
1.11 Slogan of the company

 ”building competitiveness.”

2 .Overall Internship Experience

2.1 Work task we have been executed
During our internship period in the first three weak the company major task has been excited
machine installation and arranged the shop .during that time we perform machine installation that
consists new input machine and old machine that shift and arrange properly.
2.2 Machine installation

The installation and commissioning of machine tools such as the Lathe machine is very vital.
Proper installation ensures appropriate functioning of equipment which minimizes chances of
machine failure. Activities involved in machine installation and commissioning were first
identified and critical path method was applied to predict the due date for installation and
commissioning of the machine tools. Before to install the machine we give great emphasis for
preparation of foundation.
2.2.1Preparation of foundation
Machine foundations require a special consideration because they transmit dynamic loads to soil
in addition to static loads due to weight of foundation, machine and accessories. The dynamic load
due to operation of the machine is generally small compared to the static weight of machine and
the supporting foundation. In a machine foundation the dynamic load is applied repetitively over
a very long period of time but its magnitude is small and therefore the soil behavior is essentially
elastic, or else deformation will increase with each cycle of loading and may become
unacceptable. The amplitude of vibration of a machine at its operating frequency is the most
important parameter to be determined in designing a machine foundation, in addition to the natural
frequency of a machine foundation soil system.
The following information is required and must be obtained for design of a machine foundation:
 Static weight of the machine and accessories.
 Magnitude and characteristics of dynamic loads imposed by the machine operation
and their point of application
 The soil profile of the site and dynamic soil properties such as dynamic shear
modulus and damping
 Trial dimensions of the foundation. These are generally supplied by the
manufacturer. This will give the total static weight.
 An acceptable method of analysis i.e., a mathematical model to determine the
response of the foundation-soil system
 A criteria for adequate design.

In the company the installation room foundation has been prepared in the last two year this is
difficult to insert the anchor bolt. But for the large machine they form foundation to prevent the
vibration of the machine, this foundation is prepared according to the machine specification.
Figure 2.1: Foundation of machine installation .

To perform the machine straighten and to indicate the place where the anchor bolt has been
inserted, they attach the timber with the machine specification and anchor bolt.
Figure 2.2: Locate the place of foundation bolt.
2.2.2 Installation Procedure:

𝑖) Pre- installation Activities
𝑖𝑖) Arrival of the machine tools into the central workshop
𝑖𝑖𝑖) Removal of the machines from the pallet
𝑖𝑣) Exercises involving check, and inspection of the machine tools boxes
𝑖𝑖𝑣) Use of transport equipment in moving machine tools to correct position
𝑣) Assembly of all subparts
𝑣𝑖) Making connections

𝑣𝑖𝑖) Testing all installation works

𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖 Proper check, inspection and testing activities
𝑖𝑥) Completion of the relevant paper work.
2.3 Major challenges and problems that we faced during installation

There are different problems that have been faced during machine installation, those are:
 There have no technological machine or lifts to move equipment’s and
machines to arrange in its position
 To insert the anchor bolt has been difficult due to that the foundation of the
room was prepared for the last two years
 There is lack of coordinator in the installation team, this leads to change the
idea and take more time to decide where this machine has been sets
 Preparation of place that attach the anchor bolt has been less strong than new
foundation.
2.4 Proposed solution

 To move and position the machine , we support each other and push
accordingly its installation position
 They drill the installation room with strong sharp tools accordingly to the
machine specification and insert the anchor bolt and weld properly
 Prepare new foundation for heavy and large machine to prevent vibration.
2.5 Overall benefits I gain from internship

In this four months internship experience, we have got much skills, knowledge and higher
confidence about many things. Generally we have got such benefits in terms of:
 Improving Practical skills
 Upgrading theoretical knowledge
 Improving team playing skills
 Improving leadership skills
 Understanding about work ethics related issues
 Understanding how to be entrepreneurship skills
 Improving interpersonal communication skills.

2.5.1 Improving Practical skills

During my internship time I have been trying just to know new things in order to get new practical
knowledge.in machine installation, I gain that how machine is install and different installation
requirement to prevent the machine from any failure.
I have been familiar for solid work soft were and design and modeling of different machine part
using solid work. This is the base to design any machine and prepare flow chart for manufacture
process.
In addition to this I know that how one machine can be design using solid work and prepare
drafting of the component using solid work soft were.
2.5.2 Upgrading theoretical knowledge

In internship program we have get the opportunity to apply my theoretical knowledge in real world
environments. Frankly speaking, my theoretical knowledge got strengthen more by those practical
techniques invested on this internship.
This internship period was a good filed to read about real world problems how to solve it in
engineering departments. Therefore, I gained the following essential things:
 Creative and logical approach to solving problems

 Clearly understand different machine devices working principle and
mechanism
 I can understand and practice how machine are design and manufacture
 I was able to apply my basic knowledge to design and modeling of screw type
lift table truck without hydraulic pump.
2.5.3 Improving team playing skills

Team work, especially for engineers is important and involves in every piece of task. Thus, gaining
good team playing skill has been essential for effective completion of the given task. As team
member someone contribute a lot in many way to improve individual communicative knowledge
of solving the existing problem. Because of these team members we can improve the following
attributes:

 Ability of problem identification for solving those problems

 Selecting the most appropriate method to solve the existing problem.
 Generating or forwarding flexible permissions to solve the problems raised.
 A good decision maker.
2.5.4 Improving leadership skills.

A person who is in the position of leadership should be smart enough to manage those
individuals whom he/she is leading Leadership is a skill to guide, control and monitor
people. This shows that we take a lot of experiences from their leading. They control each
employee in their day to day activities. That means we got the chance to saw the strength
and weakness of each leader. We have gained the following benefits which improved our
leadership skills:
 Committed to the work
 Understanding others idea
 Peaceful with others
 Upgrading with knowledge etc.
2.5.5 Understanding about work ethics related issues

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that defines morality and determines the meaning and rational
justification of the right way to live, correct values as well as correct ways of treating others. As
workers wear made to specialize in different fields, specific codes of conduct were expected from
each worker. Ethical work conduct enables me to posses’ appropriate behaviors in my work and
so as to develop proper relationships with co-workers and it helps me to create good relationships.
By working in this company we also gain understanding about industrial psychology which is a
very important tool for the success of the company:
 Punctuality
 Office disciplines
 Reliability
 Honesty
 Cooperative
 Good leadership
 Self confidence

2.5.6 Understanding how to be entrepreneurship skills

Entrepreneurship can be defined as the process of involving the creation of new enterprises and
that the entrepreneur is the founder. The major characteristics of entrepreneurs that we have been
observed in this internship include the following:
 Self-confident multi-skilled
 Results-orientated
 A risk-taker
 Total commitment.
The most important skills I gained from this internship include:

 Provides work experience in a field of interest.
 Provides a "real life" experience with a short term commitment.
 Strengthens background in field of choice.
 Creates the potential for future work with the company.
 Develop my communication skills.
 Deal with real life people (human interaction).
 Acquire problem solving skills and how to assess and analyze situations correctly.
2.5.7 Improving interpersonal communication skills

During the internship period I recognized that team work is necessary for a given task to be an
accomplished early and qualitatively. Individuals often learn different things from colleagues’
through communication. For any individuals communication is an important way of learning,
which can be defined formally as the act, process, or experience of gaining knowledge or skills.
Communication and the subsequent learning help individual especially engineers more allow them
to gain new professional knowledge and abilities. Good communication is the life hood of the
engineering profession. Even though, it takes many forms, such as speaking, writing and listening,
it has the following usage:
 To exchange new ideas and knowledge with the other

 Improve to build up self confidence

 It improves our speaking and listening skills

 Improve relationships with the other.

3. Conclusion and Recommendation
3.1 Conclusion
This internship report contains the overall experiences that I gain from the internship program. I
concluded that the program is very good to know the real world life and work way comparing with
class study subjects.
I can say that this internship was successful by acquiring sufficient knowledge and practical skills.
Here during this period (as an intern) the hosting company satisfied with the activities of my
performance spatially theoretical understanding in every moment.
On the internship period, I have understand so many skills that was the job environment and what
it meant to be a worker, what and why ethics we need to have at the work place and outside. It was
also very effective in developing team playing, interpersonal and leadership skills.
Generally, I get satisfactory knowledge and more benefited at internship period. This internship
program is real, necessary and important to computer engineering students.
3.2 Recommendation
3.2.1 Recommendation for Amara metal industry and machine technology
development enterprise
Amhara metal industry and machine technology development enterprise is a well establish and
develop different machines and parking .However, I would like to recommend it based on my
observation while I was conducting the internship program. Thus recommendations are as follow:
 The company should be ready for internship students by preparing project tasks and
motivations to achieve this internship program.
 There is no research and development department, this cause the workers to have
less sense to upgrade their knowledge and improve this company
 The company worker are consider that internship student are not perform any task
and they are not known in the company

 The company must be manage and arrange the time to do different task in rotation,
rather than perform single task during internship period.
3.2.2 Recommendation for Bahir dar University

This internship program offers a lot of advantages to the students, as mentioned above, for instance,
it helped me to develop not only practical experience but also theoretical knowledge related to my
academic, my social skills and career goals. Because of this and all the listed advantages above I
would like to recommend our university to keep giving this great chance for the students.
The University can also share useful idea and experiences from other Universities like Adama
University send its students to Europe and other countries outside Ethiopia to build bridge between
the developed countries.
3.2.3Recommendation for faculty

The faculty of mechanical and industrial engineering make opportunity and communications with any
company to arrange the student to well know company. The faculty must arrange before internship
period ,to visit some company to reduce any confusion during learning time .specially for mechanical
department student before taking design course they must be vist some company that are important
to perform their design very well.
3.2.4 Recommendation for university industrial linkage

The University Industrial Linkage office should send request or announce to the companies
earlier to the internship period so that the company will have reserve place to the intern to host
him/her. But as we remember it was challenged and difficult to inter in to our interest due to the
retardation of UIL.
In addition to this the University Industrial Linkage should create awareness for private and
governmental organizations how this internship program is very useful to our country and other
concerned people using possible means of communications including advertising in media.
Generally, the benefit of this internship program for producing efficient engineers is
unquestionable if properly held.

4. Project Work
4.1 Design modelling of screw type lift table truck without hydraulic pump
4.1.1 Introduction
4.1.1.1 Background information
Since traditional jack that available in market involve plenty of variety like screw lift. We had
selected the traditional scissor lift for improving and focuses our intention to remove perm ant
welds as that is the area where chances of failure is more. We replaced weld joints by rivets as
well reduced materials by redesigning special brackets and employing special manufacturing
processes for traditional we need to find the cost effective solution for long term benefits. So in
the production system it is necessary to redesign the various products for reducing the cost of the
product over the same product. So we have chosen such exercise with the scissor lift. Screw type
scissor lift is a mechanical device used for various applications for lifting of the loads to a height
or level. A lift table is defined as a scissor lift used to stack, raise or lower, convey and/or transfer
material between two or more elevations. The main objective of the devices used for lifting
purposes is to make the table adjustable to a desired height. A scissor lift provides most economic
dependable & versatile methods of lifting loads. This lift table raises load smoothly to any desired
height. The Lift tables may incorporate rotating platforms (manual or powered); tilt platforms, etc.
as a part of the design. Scissor lift design is used because of its ergonomics as compared to other
heavy lifting devices available in the market. The frame is very sturdy & strong enough with
increase in structural integrity. A multiple height scissor lift is made up of two or more leg set
.Scissor lifts are generally used for temporary, exile access purposes such as maintenance and
construction work or by righters for emergency access, which distinguishes them from permanent
access equipment such as elevators. They are designed to lift limited weights.
4.1.1.2 Problem statement
The problem is identified by amhara metal industry and machine technology development
enterprise in which the employees excite there work in the workshop operation like plasma cutter,
the cutting objects is difficult to lift by human due to its heat and leads to damage human body’s
and also to move objects from one shop to the other is difficult and take more effort, to aver come
such problem the company want to design the lift machine.
4.1.1.3 Proposed solution

The company take the measurement to solve such problem by the concept of reverse engineering
and take the model of the machine in the YouTube and redesign that machine and modify if it
necessary, after that they manufacture the machine on their own workshop,

Tittle of machine that we design: Screw Type Lift Table Truck without Hydraulic Pump
Model of machine: Model NO.: LC200, LC500
4.1.1.4 Application
This screw type lift table truck without hydraulic pump has many application such as:
 Workshop Crane,
 Shipboard Crane,
 Warehouse Crane,
 Building Crane ……….etc.
4.1.1.5 Component identification

1) Power screw: The power screws (also known as translation screws)
Are used to convert rotary motion into translator motion.
Figure 4.1.1: Power screw.
2) Scissor link: this are plate link that are used to connect the bottom table to the set screw and
also plates are connect to each other and translate according to screw motion.
Figure 4.1.2: Link.
3) Guiding link: used as to support link.
Figure 4.1.3: Guide link

5) Hinge: used for attachment of sweep handle and other component of the machine.

Figure 4.1.5: Hinge

6) Hand wheel: used to rotate the screw.
Figure 4.1.6: Hand wheel
7) Wheel: used for move the machine.
Figure 4.1.7: Wheel

8) Surface plate: it is an upper table used to set the object.
Figure 4.1.8: Plate

9) Sweep Handle: used to push the machine and move it for specifically place.
Figure 4.1.9: Handle
10) Set screw: used to insert the screw and support each other.

Figure 4.1.10: Set screw
4.1.1.6 Material selection

The material that are used for this machine can be selected due to its mechanical and physical
properties and the material that found in the company. Selection of material consideration well be:
 Availability of material
 Optimum weight of the system
 Cost wise
 Ability to prevent twisting, shearing, bearing and buckling stress.
 Wearing resistance
Steel: has the following properties:

 Has the ability to resist mechanical force and load
 Has high strength and ability to resist the external applied force
 Has high ability to resist deformation under stress
 Has high ductility
 Has high machinability and weld ability.
The yield stress: 𝜎𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 = 420 M Pa,Ʈ𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 =150 M Pa, E = 200 G Pa.
Due to such properties of ASTM 1020 steel has been used for:
 Power screw and set screw
RHS: has the following properties:
 Has the ability to resist given load under specified condition
 Machinability and weld ability
 Less expensive than CHS
 Easy access in the company storage shop
 The yield stress:
𝜎𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 =250MPa, Ʈ𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 =175 M Pa, E = 200 G Pa
Due to such properties of ASTM A36 steel used for:
 Plate link or scissor link
 Guiding link.

4.1.1.7 Working principle

The lower four links connect with the lower plate and the screw are set with between the two links
and join with set screw. The upper link also connect with the upper plate table with the hinge and
supported by the guiding link. The screw is rotated machine part used to convert rotational motion
to translation .motion. In most of the power screws, the nut has axial motion against the resisting
axial force while the screw rotates in its bearings.
When the screw rotate manually by handle wheel the table is translated vertically up and down
through a scissor type link along the length of the screw from contraction up to full expansion.
Figure 4.1.11: When the machine is at maximum height

Figure 4.1.12: When the machine is at minimum height
4.1.2 Literature review

[1] “Design, Manufacturing & Analysis of Hydraulic Scissor Lift”, GaffarG Momin, et al
 This Paper describes the design as well as analysis of a hydraulic scissor lift.
Conventionally a scissor lift or jack is used for lifting a vehicle to change a tire, to gain
access to go to the underside of the vehicle, to lift the body to appreciable height, and
many other applications .also such lifts can be used for various purposes like
maintenance and many material handling operations. It can be of mechanical,
pneumatic or hydraulic type. The design described in the paper is developed keeping
in mind that the lift can be operated by mechanical means by using pantograph so that
the overall cost of the scissor lift is reduced. In our case our lift was needed to be
designed a portable and also work without consuming any electric power so we
decided to use a hydraulic hand pump to power the cylinder Also such design can
make the lift more compact and much suitable for medium scale work. Finally the
analysis of the scissor lift was done in anysis and all responsible parameters were
analyzed in order to check the compatibility of the design values.
[2] Design & Analysis of Hydraulic Scissor Lift” M. Kiran Kumar1, J. Chandrasheker2, Mahipal
Manda3, D.Vijay Kumar4.
 This paper is mainly focused on force acting on the hydraulic scissor lift when it is
extended and contracted. Generally, hydraulic scissor lift is used for lifting and holding

heavy weight components. Material selection plays a key role in designing machine
and also influence on several factor such as durability, reliability, strength, resistance
which finally leads to increase the life of scissor lift. The design is performed by
considering hydraulic scissor lift as a portable, compact and much suitable for medium
type of load application. Drafting & drawing of hydraulic system scissor lift is done
using solid works with suitable modeling and imported to anysis work bench for
meshing and analysis. Hence, the analysis of the scissor lift includes Total deformation
load, Equivalent stress, was done in anysis and all responsible parameters were
analyzed in order to check the compatibility of the design value. The computational
values of two different materials such as aluminum and mild steel are compared for
best results.
4.1.3. Objective
4. 1.3.1 General objective
 Design and modeling of screw type lift table truck without hydraulic pump.
4.1.3.2 Specific objective

 To reduce the weight of the upper and lower table by changing the manufacturability.
 To reduce the no. of parts for simplifying the assembly process and cost of the material.
 During manufacturing process remove welding to avoid distortion.
 Product should withstand the current strength requirements.

4.1.4. Methodology
start
need
problem identification
data collection
identifying the machine
know the working princeple of the machine
identifying the component of the machine
perform material selection
design and analaysis of the machine part
analaysis of failure mode
modeling and assemblying
drafiting
conculusion and recomandation

4.1.5. Component design

4.1.5.1Design of power screw
i) Design consideration
The power screws (also known as translation screws) are used to convert rotary motion into
translator motion.
A) Type of screw tread:
 A square thread, is selected due to it adapted for the transmission of power in either
direction. This thread results in maximum efficiency and minimum radial or bursting
pressure on the nut.
B) Selection of coefficient of friction:
For Poor workmanship or very slow and in frequent motion with indifferent lubrication or newly
machined surface.
 For starting :μ = tan φ = 0.21
 For running: μ = tan φ = 0.15
ii)Design data
Table 4.1.2 design data
iii) Parameter analysis: A little consideration will show that the maximum load on the square
threaded screw occurs when the jack is in the bottom position. For screw material:
𝜎𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 = 420 M Pa,Ʈ𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 =150 M Pa, E = 200 G Pa.
To determine the factor of safety we considered the following table under different condition

Table 4.1.3 description of factor of safety
Therefore for our design the material is steel and the load type we consider as live load .so
F.s=8
Know
420 150
𝜎𝑡 = = 52.5 𝑀𝑝𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜏 = = 18.5𝑀𝑝𝑎
8 8
Know we can determine the length of the screw
𝐿𝑚𝑖𝑛 1102 mm
362 mm 𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥
88mm 88 mm
728mm

Fig 4.1a at maximum position fig 4.1b at minimum position.

 From fig 4.1b at minimum position
181
tanβ = 728 , β=14°
β 181 mm minimum angle = 14°

728 mm
L= √7282 + 1812
L=751 mm
 From fig 3.1a at maximum position.
551
sinθ = , θ = 47°
751
Maximum angle = 47°

θ
𝐻𝑚𝑎𝑥 =551 mm
728 mm
𝐿𝑚𝑖𝑛 = √7282 − 5512 = 510𝑚𝑚

X = L- ℓ , 728-510=217mm
Therefore the minimum length of the thread is 432 mm and the length of screw is 900mm.
Finally, the number of revolution required to lift and lower specified height can be calculated.
Assume, pitch = 10mm
The reasons that have been selected, p = 10mm is in order to minimize power input of operation
from contraction up to expansion of full stroke.
∆𝐿 432
N= = = 43.2 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛⁄𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒
𝑃 10
Therefore, 43.2 revolution is desired input for full stroke operation.

To know the force to pull the screw consider the following configration

𝑊
𝐹1 = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 , Where F=the force that pull the screw
500𝑘𝑔×10
𝐹1 = 2×𝑡𝑎𝑛29.36 = 4444.4N
Total tensile pull force.
F=2×4444.4N=8888.8N
Let dc = Core diameter of the screw,
We know that load on the screw (F),
4𝐹
F=A×𝜎𝑡 , 𝜎𝑡 = 𝜋(𝑑𝑐)2
4𝐹 4 × 8888.8
𝑑𝑐 = √[ ], 𝑑𝑐 = √
𝜋𝜎𝑡 3.14 × 52.5
𝑑𝑐=18.5mm say 20mm

Since the screw is also subjected to torsional shear stress, therefore to account for this, let us adopt.
𝑑𝑐=24mm
Assume p=10
∴Nominal or outer diameter of the screw,
𝑑𝑜 = dc + p = 24+10=34 mm
And mean diameter of the screw,
𝑝 10
𝑑 = 𝑑𝑜 − ( ) = 34 − ( ) = 29𝑚𝑚
2 2
Let us now check for principal stresses. We know that:
𝑝 10
𝑡𝑎𝑛ᾳ = =
𝜋𝑑 𝜋 × 29
𝑡𝑎𝑛ᾳ=0.1123
We know that effort required to rotate the screw,

[𝐹(𝑡𝑎𝑛ᾳ + tanɸ)]
𝑝 = 𝐹 tan(ᾳ + ɸ) =
[(1 − tanᾳ × tanɸ)]
Where,
 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛ɸ = 0.2
[8888.8 × [0.1123 + 0.21]]
𝑝=
[(1 − 0.1123 × 0.21)]
p=2934.05N
Torque required to rotate the screw,
𝑑 29
𝑇 = 𝑝 × ( ) = 2934.05 × ( )
2 2
T=39609.72N-mm
Shear stress in the screw due to torque,
16𝑇
𝜏=
𝜋𝑑𝑐 3
[16 × 39609.72]
𝜏= = 14.6𝑁/𝑚𝑚²
3.14 × 243
We know that direct tensile stress in the screw,
𝐹 4×𝐹
𝜎𝑡 = ( ) =
𝐴 𝝅𝒅𝒄𝟐
[8888.8 × 4]
𝜎𝑡 = = 19.65𝑁/𝑚𝑚²
3.14 × 242
Maximum principal (tensile) stress,
𝜎𝑡 1
𝜎𝑡(max,) = + ( ) √𝜎𝑡 2 + 4𝜏 2
2 2
19.5 1
𝜎𝑡(max,) = + ( ) √19.52 + 4 × 14.52 = 27.42𝑁/𝑚𝑚²
2 2
And maximum shear stress,
1
𝜏(max,) = √𝜎𝑡 2 + 4𝜏 2 = ( ) √19.652 + 4 × 14.62 = 17.59𝑁/𝑚𝑚²
2
Since the maximum stresses are within safe limits, therefore the design of square threaded screw
is satisfactory.

4.1.5.2 Design of cross shaft

The beam member is subjected to pure bending due to transverse pushing and pulling load of the
screw.
𝑃 𝑃𝐿
𝑅1 = 𝑅2 = =4444.4 N 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
2 2
8888.8×380
𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 𝑅1 , 𝑉𝐵𝐶 = - 𝑅2 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =78547.235 N mm
4
Fig 4.2 Shear and bending moment diagram

𝑀 𝜎𝑏 78547.235 52.5
= , 𝜋×𝐷4
= 𝐷
𝐼 𝑦
64 2
𝐷 =42.5 mm say 45 mm
4.1.3 Design of guiding link

The link is subjected to compressive force consequently buckling stress developed through the
member.
Checking for buckling;
𝐿 =285 mm, t = 4 mm
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼
𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 𝐿2

1
𝐼 = 12 (4 × 303 = 9000𝑚𝑚⁴)
𝜋 2 × 200 × 103 × 9000

𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 218717𝑁
2852
But the actual applied load on the link is;
8888.8
= 1111.1 N ……………………… (8 number of link)
8
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 ; 1111.1 N < 𝑃𝑐𝑟 the design is safe.
4.1.5.4 Design of link

Due to the load, the links may buckle in two planes at right angles to each other. For buckling in
the vertical plane (i.e. in the plane of the links), the links are considered as hinged at both ends and
for buckling in a plane perpendicular to the vertical plane, it is considered as fixed at both ends.
We know that load on the link:
[𝐹] 88888.8
= = 1111.1𝑁
8 8
Assuming a factor of safety = 5, the links must be designed for a buckling load of
𝑊𝑐𝑟 = 1111.1 × 5 = 5555.5𝑁
Let t1 = Thickness of the link, and
b1 = Width of the link.
Assuming that the width of the link is three times the thickness of the link, i.e. b1 = 3 t1, therefore
cross-sectional area of the link,
A = t1 × 3t1 = 3(t1)²
And moment of inertia of the cross-section of the link,
1
𝐼=( ) × 𝑡1 × 3𝑏13 = 2.25𝑡1⁴
12
We know that the radius of gyration,
2.25𝑡14
𝐾 = √(𝐼/𝐴) = √( = 0.866𝑡1
3𝑡12
Since for buckling of the link in the vertical plane, the ends are considered as hinged, therefore
equivalent length of the link,
1
L=800mm and Rankins’s constant,𝑎 = 7500
According to Rankins’s formula, buckling load (𝑊𝑐𝑟),

𝜎𝑡 × 𝐴 1 800 2
𝑊𝑐𝑟 = = 52.5 × 3𝑡12 /(1 + ( )( ) )
𝐿 2 7500 0.866𝑡1
1 + 𝑎 (𝐾 )
800 [52.5 × 3𝑡12 ]
5555.5 × 1.000333 × ( )=
0.866𝑡1 0.02
1+ 2
𝑡1
4
[𝑡1 ]
11.64 = 2
𝑡1 + 0.02
𝑡14 − 11.64𝑡12 − 0.23 = 0
Let t1²=a therefore
𝑎2 − 11.64𝑎 − 0.232 = 0 … … … … … … … … … (𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
(11.64 ± √11.642 + 4 × 0.232]
𝑎=[
2
a=11.65 mm say 12mm
𝑡1 = √𝑎 = √12 = 3.46𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 6𝑚𝑚 .therefor b1=3t1=18mm
Now let us consider the buckling of the link in a plane perpendicular to the vertical plane.
Moment of inertia of the cross-section of the link,
1 1
𝐼=( ) 𝑏1 𝑡13 = ( ) 3𝑡1 × 𝑡13 = 0.25𝑡1⁴
12 12
And cross-sectional area of the link,
A = t1.b1 = t1 × 3 t1 = 3 (t1)²
Radius of gyration
𝐼 0.25𝑡14
𝐾 = √𝐴 = √ = 0.29𝑡1,
3𝑡12
Since for buckling of the link in a plane perpendicular to the vertical plane, the ends are considered
as fixed, therefore:
Equivalent length of the link,
𝑙 800
𝐿= = = 400𝑚𝑚
2 2
Again according to Rankins’s formula, buckling load,
𝜎𝑡 × 𝐴
𝑊𝑐𝑟 =
𝐿 2
[1 + 𝑎 (𝐾 ) ]

[52.5 × 3𝑡 2 ]
𝑊𝑐𝑟 =
1 400
[1 + ( )( )]
7500 0.29𝑡1
Substituting the value of t1 = 6 mm, we have
𝑊𝑐𝑟 = 25647.52𝑁
Since this buckling load is more than the calculated value (i.e. 5555.5 N), therefore the link is safe.
For buckling in a plane perpendicular to the vertical plane.
We may take t1 = 6 mm; and b1 = 18 mm
4.1.6. Result and Discusion

All the components are checked its strength according to carrying capacity. So the design of screw
type lift table truck without hydraulic pump is capable of withstanding the applied load. The
material selected for each part is available in the market in their standard. It also achieve its
maximum lifting height and minimum height. We also determine the specification of each part,
see as below:
Table 4.1.4 result and discussion
part name specification (mm) Quantity
surface plate 800x500 2
Link 40x30 8
set screw d=40 and L=380 2
handle wheel d=300 1
bolt and nut M12 18
sweep handle d=6 and h=972 1
Wheel d=70 4

4.1.7 Cost analyiss

The manufacture and material cost for this machine are estimated as below:
Table 4.1.5 estimated cost of the machine

part name Quantity cost(birr)
Screw 1 300
link 8 200
guide link 4 100
surface plate 2 150
bolt and nut 18 100
Wheel 4 180
handle 1 50
sweep handle 1 50
Total 1080
4.1.8 Conclusion and Recommendation

4.1.8.1Conclusion
I conclude that lift table are a device necessary to lift and move objects from specified place. Screw type
lift table truck without hydraulic pump that allow materials and work pieces to be raised and lowered
accessible heights for specific tasks or purposes. Despite its exclusive function lift models vary by
size, capacity, elevation, and actuation. Lift tables are often manufactured with wheels allowing
operators to convey items at their discretion, and wheels are typically pressurized inner tube or
urethane caster in design. Wheeled tables typically feature a handle for safe grasping as well as a
floor lock to temporarily immobilize the table.
4.1.8.2 Recommendation
We recommended that screw type lift table truck is better to design as hydraulic pump lift table
track this is due to that hydraulic pump lift is durable than screw lift table truck. We also modified
that we use only four links to get the required height so we reduce material used as we consider in
cost.

4.2 design and manufacture fish feed pelletizer machine

4.2.1. Introduction
4.2 1.1 back ground
In the recent past, fish and poultry and animals are always feed in a primitive way. This involves
grinding of grains and cereals as meals on stones and mortar. However, the animals need nutrients
and vitamins in addition to aid their growth and development in order to meet the market
requirement.
Due to technological advancement grinding machines were developed for grinding of cereals and
grain with the mixture of other nutrients into powder form. With time, it was discovered that the
animals preferred feeding on solid and soft nutritious meal. One of the devices that can produce
this requirement is called a pelletizing machines are built to perform the following functions,
mound animal feed meals in form of soft capsules, which can easily be consumed by fish and
poultry animals; to form saw dust and grass (fuel) pellet used in a pellet stove as fuel; pelletizing
machine.
For many years, pelleting was considered an art, a process involving imprecise measurement,
Uncertain results, and that undefinable quality of feel. This so-called “art” of pelleting came
About in an environment lacking the understanding of the effects occurring when the differing
Characteristics of feed ingredients are subjected to the pelleting processes of heat, moisture, and
Pressure. No excuse, however, exists today for the uninformed pellet mill operator. The science of
grain processing has now reached a point that, by knowing the characteristics of
The feed (moisture, content, fiber, etc.) and using machinery with accurate measurements, the
Guesswork has been removed from pelleting. As a result, much more is required of the pellet
Mill operator in the way of knowledge and ability. The skill of the pellet mill operator, through
His ability or mistakes, influences plant profitability. Pellet mill operators have a vitally important
role in the manufacture of animal feed. They should recognize this responsibility and the great
contribution they make to an efficient feed Plant.
4.2.1.2 Problem identification
In Amara metal industry and machine technology development Enterprise was recently organized
to meet the gap of technology requirement among the manufacturing technology. Currently the
enterprise produce different type of machine to solve and minimize society problem. Among such
machine the one that produce in the enterprise was fish feed pelletizer machine. When we observe
its working principle, I understand that some limitation and I want to solve such problem.in which
pellet screener that would separate pellets from fines that comes out of the die Plate and a separate

discharge chute for these fines to allow them to be pelletized Again and rollers should be installed
on three direction of the frame to allow easy transfer ever time the machine used and to cover all
hole of the die that produce pellet mill in each hole. When we engage its cost of production, the
connection of motor with screw are replace with Chine drive and move the machine in specified
and required place, design with wheel and make it movable or truck type machine.
4.2.1.3 Proposed solution

For the selected problem we want to set some specified solution that we understand and analyze:
 At the end of the process we want to install pellet screener that would separate pellet
from fine that comes out of the die Plate and a separate discharge chute for these fines
to allow them to be pelletized again. This is improve productivity and minimize
wastage of formulated feed
 We want to design roller to overcome maximum production for short time. This is
performed by change the roller into three instead of using two roller, this can be
compress the feed it into all holes of the die to form pellets.
 Connect the motor with the die shaft by v-belt and v-pulley. This is reduce its cost of
production
 Design the wheel and make it movable or truck type to move easily to cultivated area.
4.2.1.4 Application of the machine

Fish feed pelletizer machine has some advantage those are:
 Fish food that produce in this machine can be float in water at least for 24 hours without
dissolve in the water ,so the fish can feed all pellet in this duration of time
 Prevent and reduce loss of nutrition of the formulated food
 The preparation food can be retain advance protein ratio
4.2.1.5 Component of fish feed pelletizer machine

The main component of the machine are
1) Hopper: used for mass flow through it and install at the top of the machine.it has
cylindrical shape for easily flow of the formulated food into the chamber.

Figure 4.2.1: Feed chamber

2) Pelleting chamber. This is where mixing and extruding of feeds were performed prior to being
pushed through by the pellet rolls into the holes of the die plate.
Figure 4.2.2: Pelleting chamber
3) Pellet roll. This part was responsible in compressing the formulated feeds before it was extruded
in the die plate. The three corrugated pellet rolls were put in with three bearings each and were
inserted in the holder.
Figure 4.2.3: Roller Assembly

4) Die plate. It is the part that converted the formulated feeds into cylindrical-shaped solid
materials or into pellets.

.
Figure 4.2.4: Die
5) Discharge chute. This is where the pelletized feeds were discharged for collection.
Figure 4.2.5: Shaft holder, Discharge and S creener assembly
6) Electric motor. This was responsible in driving the die plate to an appropriate speed that led to
the conversion of mashed formulated feeds into pellets.
.
Figure 4.2.6: Electric motor
7) Frame. The entire body of the fish feed pelletizer machine can be carried by the frame.
Figure 4.2.7: Table
8) Die shaft. Used to transmit motion from the motor to the die.
Figure 4.2.8: Shaft

10) Wheel .used for move the machine.
Figure 4.2.10: Wheel
11) Handle. Used to give man power to the die shaft and rotate the die.
Figure 4.2.11: Handle

12) Bearing selection. In rolling contact bearings, the contact between the bearing surfaces is
rolling instead of sliding as in sliding contact bearings. We have already discussed that the ordinary
sliding bearing starts from rest with practically metal-to-metal contact and has a high coefficient
of friction. It is an outstanding advantage of a rolling contact bearing over a sliding bearing that it
has a low starting friction.
Figure 4.2.12: Bearing13
4.2. 1.6 Material selection

The general consideration for the selection of materials to produce an adaptable machine in
Which the hopper allows materials pass through effectively with minimum wastage was made.
The pelleting chamber was made of metal to increase durability; the hopper being sloppy was to
Allow pellets slide downward and discharge by gravity. Generally, several factors were taken into
Consideration before the choice of materials due to variations in condition of service and
Specifications of materials available such as:
 Type of machine to be designed
 Size of design

 Weight of materials
 Strength of material
 Physical properties like corrosion, conductivity, etc.
 Cost and availability of material
 Durability of materials.
Know we can deiced the material for each component
1. Mild steel. Mild steel has the following properties:
 It is used to in bending crimping and swaging process
 Has excellent weld ability
 Produce uniform and harder case
 Good balance of toughness ,strength and ductility
Due to such those properties mild steel are used for:
 Pelleting chamber
 Die
 Discharge chute
 Die shaft
 Roller
2. Stainless steel. Properties of stainless steel has:
 Does not stain ,corrode or rust as easily as ordinary steel
 Suit the environment to which the material will be subjected in its life time
Due to such and other properties of stainless steel are used for:
 Feed hopper
3. Angle iron. Properties of angle iron are:
 Weld ability
 Formable
 Machinable
 Corrosion resistance
Due to such properties angle iron can be used for:
 Frame of the machine
4.2.1.7 Working principle

The conditioned fish feed was introduced into the hopper and this flows down into the pelleting
chamber by gravity flow. The electric motor or handle drives the die by a shaft connected to its
pulley. The rotation of the die initiates the rotation of the rollers which pick up the feed material
and compress it into the die holes to form pellets. The emerging pellets are cut by a pellet cutting

knife and discharged through the pelleting chamber to the discharge tray by a tangential force of
the rotating die. The pellets are collected into a bowl and sun-dried for 2 hours before storage.
Figure 4.2.14: Modeling of fish feed pelletizer machine
4.2.2. Literature review

[1]The first pellet mill was developed in the early 1900 based the plate flat die used by the farmer
to pellet the feed. [2].Saibaino. This are produce pellet machine with cutting system that is good
for effective and sustainable. With the development of technology the flat die pellet mill were
developed to produce fuel pellet to combat the energy crises as an alternative fuel of fossil fuels.
4.2.3. Objective
4.2.3.1 General objective
 To design and evaluate of dual- model fish feed pelletizer machine.
4.2.3.2Specific objective
 To evaluate the operating performance of the machine pelletizing time pelleting
capacity, moisture loss of pellets produced.
 To analyze the cost of production and to overcome the need of the society.
 To determine and design of fish feed pelletizer machine components such as ,design
of die ,design of pellet roll, design of die shaft ,design of feed hopper ,design of pellet
chamber, design of discharge chute, design of belt and pulley ,design of pellet screener,
design of bolt and nut ,and selection of bearing.

4.2.4. Methodology
Methodology is the method how to perform our project, we can follow the following step to
achieve our project:
1. Observation. We observe that fish feed pelletizer machine was manufacture and
assemble in the company and we also absorb that it working principle and how it
produce pellet.
2. Understanding .we understand the machine and identifying the problem and its
limitation.
3. Collecting data. We collect data about the machine from.
 The company worker
 Website
 Written document about the machine.
4. Analyze the machine. Deiced that how to improve its and increase its production
capacity and Working time.
5. Identify the problem.
6. Make decision how to solve such problem and know detail information about the
machine.
7. Design each component and performed material selection for each component to
overcome available design.
8. Draw its part and assembly drawing of the machine.
9. Simulation using software.
10. Manufacture. The manufacture process is performed in bahir dar university work shop.
4.2.5 Component design

4.2.5.1 Design data
Motor speed (N1) =1800rpm
Machine speed (N2) =600rpm
Number of belt=2
Diameter of pulley on the die shaft =400mm
Center distance between two pulley=500mm
Cross-sectional area of the belt=300mm
Belt material properties
Density=1100kg/m³

Allowable tensile stress=3.5Mpa

Shaft material properties
Yield stress=370Mpa
Allowable Shear strength=42Mpa
4.2.5.2 Design of v-belt and pulley

First of all, let us find the diameter of pulley on the motor shaft (d1). We know that
𝑁1 𝑑2 𝑑2×𝑁2
(𝑁2) = (𝑑1) 𝑑1 = 𝑁1
400𝑚𝑚×600𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑑1 = = 133.4𝑚𝑚 say 134mm
1800𝑟𝑝𝑚
Consider the following configuration
Figure 4.2.15: Configuration of pulley
For an open belt drive, as shown in Fig.

𝑂2𝑀 𝑟2 − 𝑟1 𝑑2 − 𝑑1 400 − 134
𝑠𝑖𝑛ᾳ = = = = = 0.266
𝑂1𝑂2 𝑥 2𝑥 2 × 500
ᾳ = 15.42ͦ
And angle of lap on the smaller pulley (i.e. pulley on the
Ѳ = 180 − 2ᾳ = 149.1ᵒ
Let T1 = Tension in the tight side of the belt, and
T2 = Tension in the slack side of the belt.
Assume the groove angle of the pulley, 2 β = 35° or β = 17.5°. We know that
𝑇1
2.3 log ( ) = Ѳ𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛽
𝑇2

The coefficient of friction between

The belt and the pulley may be taken as 0.28.
𝑇1
2.3 log ( ) = 0.28 × 2.6 × 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐17.5 = 2.42
𝑇2
𝑇1
log ( ) = 1.05
𝑇2
𝑇1
( ) = 11.28
𝑇2
We know that the velocity of the belt
𝜋𝑑1𝑁1 3.14 × 134 × 1800
𝑣= = = 12.628m/s
60 60
And mass of the belt per meter length,
m = Area × length × density = 350 × 10−6 × 1 × 1100 = 0.33 kg / m
∴ Centrifugal tension in the belt,
TC = mv² = 0.33 (12.66)²= 52.58 N
And maximum tension in the belt,
T = Stress × area = σ × a = 2 × 300 = 1050 N
∴ Tension in the tight side of the belt
𝑇1 = 𝑇 − 𝑇𝑐 = 1050 − 52.58 = 9970.42𝑁
𝑇1
𝑇2 = = 88.42𝑁
11.28
We know that the power transmitted per belt:
= (T1 – T2) v = (997.42 – 88.42) 12.66 = 11470 W = 11.47 kW
Number of belts that we required are 2, therefore total power that we want are:
P=2×11.47=22.94Kw
Since the V-belt is to be designed for 22.94 kW, therefore from Table we find that a ‘C’ type of
belt should be used.
Table 4.2.1 description of power and diameter of C type belt
We know that the pitch length of the belt,

2𝑥(𝑟2 − 𝑟1)2 𝜋 (𝑑2 − 𝑑2)2
𝐿 = 𝜋(𝑟2 + 𝑟1) + =( ) (𝑑1 + 𝑑2) + (2𝑥 +
𝑥 2 4𝑥

3.14 (400 − 134)2

𝐿=( ) (400 + 134) + 2 × 500 + = 838.38 + 1000 + 35.378
2 4 × 500
= 1873.758mm
Subtracting 56 mm for ‘C’ type belt, we find that inside length of the belt
1873.758-56 = 1817.758 mm
According to IS: 2494 – 1974, the nearest standard inside length of V-belt is 1834 m
Table 4.2.2 standard pitch length of v-belt
The pitch lengths are obtained by,

Adding to inside length: 36 mm for type A, 43 mm for type B, 56 mm for type C, 79 mm for type
D and 92 mm for type E. The following table shows the standard pitch lengths for the various types
of belt:
L=1834+56=1890mm
Now let us find out the new center distance (x1) between the two pulleys. We know that
2𝑥(𝑟2 − 𝑟1)2 𝜋 (𝑑2 − 𝑑2)2
𝐿 = 𝜋(𝑟2 + 𝑟1) + = ( ) (𝑑1 + 𝑑2) + (2𝑥 +
𝑥 2 4𝑥
3.14 (400 − 134)2
1890 = ( ) (400 + 134) + 2 × 𝑥 +
2 4𝑥
(70756),
1890 = 838.38 + 2𝑥 +
4𝑥
(17689),
1051.62 = 2𝑥 +
𝑥
1051.62𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 + 17689

𝑥 2 − 525.81𝑥 + 8844.5 = 0 … … … … … … … . (𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
[525.81 ± √525.812 + 4 × 8844.5] 525.81 ± 491.01

𝑥= = … … … … … … 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 + 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛
2 2
x = 508.4mm
4.2.5.3 Design of shaft

We know that torque transmitted by the shaft,
In case of belt drives, the twisting moment (T) is given by:
T = (T1 – T2) R
Where T1 and T2 = Tensions in the tight side and slack side of the belt respectively, and
R = Radius of the pulley.
Know
T = (T1 – T2) R= (997.42-88.42)×0.2=181.8Nm=181.8×10³Nmm
Figure 4.2.16 shaft and pulley arrangement

Neglecting the weight of shaft, total vertical load acting on the pulley,
W = 997.42+88.42 = 1085.84 N

Figure 4.2.17 applied load in the shaft
𝜀𝑀𝑏𝐴 = 0 = −𝑊 × 400 + 𝑅𝐵 × 450

𝑅𝐵 = 956 𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅𝐴 = 120.6𝑁
Know we can determine the maximum bending moment,
Figure 4.2.18 shear force and bending moment diagram

We know that equivalent twisting moment,
𝑇𝑒 = √(𝐾𝑚𝑀)2 + (𝐾𝑡𝑇)2
Where Km = Combined shock and fatigue factor for bending, and
𝐾𝑡 = Combined shock and fatigue factor for torsion.
The following table shows the recommended values for Km and 𝐾𝑡

Table 4.2.3 recommended value of km and kt
Know our shaft is rotating shaft with gradually applied or stead load. Therefore
𝐾𝑡 = 1.0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐾𝑚 = 1.5
𝑇𝑒 = √[(1.5 × 386.076)2 + (1 × 181.8)2 ] = 606.87𝑁𝑚
We know also that the equivalent bending moment,
1
𝑀𝑒 = ( ) [𝐾𝑚 × 𝑀√[(𝐾𝑚 × 𝑀)2 + (𝐾𝑡 × 𝑇)2 ]] = 0.5[386.07 × 1.5 × 606.87] = 592.9𝑁𝑚
2
Know we can determine the diameter of the shaft
In case of equivalent twisting moment,
𝜋 𝑇𝑒 × 16 606.87 × 10³ × 16
𝑇𝑒 = ( ) × 𝜏 × 𝑑3 𝑑3 = =
16 𝜋×𝜏 3.14 × 42
𝑑 = 42.9 𝑠𝑎𝑦 43𝑚𝑚
In case of equivalent bending moment,
𝜋 𝑀𝑒 × 32 592.9 × 10³ × 32
𝑀𝑒 = ( ) × 𝜎𝑡 × 𝑑3 𝑑3 = =
32 𝜋 × 𝜎𝑡 3.14 × 84
𝑑 = 40.19𝑚𝑚
For safe design select that d=43mm
Shear stress in the screw due to torque,
16𝑇
𝜏=
𝜋𝑑,3
[16 × 181.8 × 103 ]
𝜏= = 11.6𝑁/𝑚𝑚²
3.14 × 433
We know that direct tensile stress in the screw,

𝑊 4×𝑊
𝜎𝑡 = =
𝐴 𝜋𝑑 2
[1085.84 × 4]
𝜎𝑡 = = 1.74𝑁/𝑚𝑚²
3.14 × 432
Maximum principal (tensile) stress,
𝜎𝑡 1
𝜎𝑡(max,) = + ( ) √𝜎𝑡 2 + 4𝜏 2
2 2
1.74 1
𝜎𝑡(max,) = + ( ) √1.742 + 4 × 11.6.52 = 13.77𝑁/𝑚𝑚²
2 2
And maximum shear stress,
1 1
𝜏(max,) = ( ) √𝜎𝑡 2 + 4𝜏 2 = ( ) √19.652 + 4 × 14.62 = 12.9𝑁/𝑚𝑚²
2 2
 Since the maximum stresses are within safe limits, therefore the design of square
threaded screw is satisfactory.
4.2.5.4 Design of feed hopper
In designing the hopper it is recommended that the angle of inclination of the hopper walls be
10deg higher than the natural angle of repose of stored material. This is to avoid tunneling and
arching during the discharge of the product. The hopper shape is that of a frustum of a pyramid.
The angle of repose obtained experimentally for the preconditioned cassava was 52deg.Therefore,
an angle of inclination of 62deg was used in designing the hopper.
The volume of the hopper was determined by:
ℎ
𝑉 = ( ) [(𝐴1 + 𝐴2) + √𝐴1 + 𝐴2]
3
Where; V = Volume of hopper (m3),
A1 = Area of top (m2),
A2 = Area of base (m2),
h = Height of the hopper (m)
To increase the capacity and pellet quality we want to that assume the appropriate diameter of the
hopper and the feed hopper should be modified to minimize the spillage of mixed feeds due to the
force created by the rotating pellet rolls ,then Feed hopper has
Outer diameter (d2) =240mm
Inner diameter (d1) =165mm

Height (h) =280mm

Know we calculate the volume and decide it to achieve the goal of our design
ℎ 280
𝑉 = ( ) [(𝐴1 + 𝐴2) + √𝐴1 + 𝐴2] = ( ) [(𝜋 × 82. 52 + 𝜋 × 1202 )√𝜋 × 82. 52 + 𝜋 × 1202
3 3
𝑉 = 0.83𝑚𝑚³.
4.2.5.5 Design of die

Die plate is the part that converted the formulated feeds into cylindrical-shaped solid materials or
into pellets. The diameter can be determine from the speed of die shaft that transmitted by the
pulley from the electric motor. Know we can determine the diameter of the die
We know that the torque transmitted by the die shaft:
𝜋 𝑇 × 16
𝑇=( ) × 𝜏 × 𝑑3 , 𝑑3 =
16 𝜋×𝜏
3 181.8 × 16
𝑑 = √[ ] = 151.2𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 152𝑚𝑚
3.14 × 42
The diameter of the die is taken to be 150mm to allow for free rotation in the chamber of 165mm
diameter. The die holes are of diameters of 6mm and the arrangement considered to be a pressure
vessel. The thickness of the die was calculated using
𝑝
𝑡 = 𝑘 × 𝑑√
𝜎𝑡
Where,
t = thickness of the die (mm)
k = coefficient of friction which depends on the material (mild steel)
d = diameter of the die, mm
P = compressive pressure of feed through the die holes. It is assumed that the maximum possible
pressure developed by the rotating rollers will not exceed 2MP:
𝜎𝑡= allowable design stress,𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝑝 2
𝑡 = 𝑘 × 𝑑√𝜎𝑡 = 0.21 × 150√(92.5) =9.82mm say 10mm

4.2.5.6 Design of roller

Pellet roll. This part was responsible in compressing the formulated feeds before it was extruded
in the die plate. Rolled steel shafting to allow them to freely rotate once the die plate rotated also.
The pellet rolls were also fixed flange bearing on both sides to minimize slippage during operation.
The diameter of the roller was determine by considering the die diameter, therefore:
𝑑𝑟=40mm and length of L=30mm
The shear stress on the roller well be
𝑇 × 16 181.8 × 103 × 16
𝜏= =
𝜋𝑑𝑟 3 3.14 × 403
𝜏 = 14.47𝑀𝑝𝑎
The shear stress induced by the roller is under the limit therefore the design is safe.
4.2.5.7 Design of chamber

The pelletizing chamber housing the die and rollers is a hollow cylinder originating below the
hopper and terminating below the flat die.
This is where mixing and extruding of feeds were performed prior to being pushed through by the
pellet rolls into the holes of the die plate. This part was made from mild steel (MS) plate with
dimensions of 165mm diameter and 130 mm high in order to withstand the rigorous force created
by the rotating die plate and pellet rolls. Therefore:
Diameter of chamber (d) =165mm and height (h) =130mm

4.2.6 Result and Discussion

Table 4.2.4 result and discussion
Part Name Description Measurement(mm) Quantity
height 260 1
Feed Hopper outer diameter 180
inner diameter 165
Diameter 165 1
Chamber height 100
Thickness 10
Diameter 165 1
Die thickness 10
diameter of hole 6
Diameter 40 3
Roller
Length 30
Diameter 30 1
Shaft
Length 200
Diameter 165 1
Shaft Holder
thickness 10
Length 200 1
Discharge Chute
Thickness 6
diameter of die pulley 134 2
Pulley
diameter of motor 400
Length 450 1
Table/Frame/
Width 300
Diameter 6 1
Handle
Height 972
Length 100 1
Screener
Width 80
Wheel Diameter 70 4

4.2.7 Cost analysis

Table 4.2.5 cost analysis
Part Name Description Measurement(mm) Quantity Cost(Birr)

Feed Hopper height 260 1 150
outer diameter 180
inner diameter 165
Chamber Diameter 165 1 100
height 100
Thickness 10
Die Diameter 165 1 200
thickness 10
diameter of hole 6
Roller Diameter 40 3 300
Length 30
Shaft Diameter 30 150
Length 200
Shaft Holder Diameter 165 1 200
thickness 10
Discharge Chute Length 200 1 200
Thickness 6
Pulley diameter of die pulley 134 2 300
diameter of motor 400
Table/Frame/ Length 450 1 300
Width 300
Handle Diameter 6 1 80
Height 972
Screener Length 100 1 200
Width 80
Wheel Diameter 70 4 150
Motor Speed 1800rpm 1 5000
Total 7330

4.2.7. Conclusion and recommendation

4.2.7.1 Conclusion
I conclude that to Design motor pulley-driven pelleting machine, can produce fish pellet as
required diameter and length. it can be concluded that the machine developed was able to convert
mashed feeds into pellets having 6 mm diameter, an average length of 10 mm .It operated using a
roll-type extrusion press forcing the formulated feeds out of the die plate through the three pellet
rolls. The fish feed pelletizer machine can produce more pellet efficiently than to the previously
and cost effective machine.
4.2.7.2 Recommendation
The following are recommended to further improve the design and operation of the pellet mill:
 The feed hopper should be modified to minimize the spillage of mixed feeds due to the
force created by the rotating pellet rolls.
 A stopper or vertical lid should be provided on the opening of the discharge chute to
better manage the pellets that comes out of it.
 A cover on the electric motor should be provided to minimize spillage of feeds that
might clog the rotor part of the machine causing interference on its operation.

5. Reference
1. Beer, Ferdinand, P., “Mechanics of Materials”, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill,
Inc.: Santa Fe, NM 1992.
2. Company document and personal information.
3. J.E. Igbmosun, O.O. Roberts, Binder in fish feeders (Technical Report).Fish feeds and their
application in ponds extension guide No 3 (Aquaculture Development)
4. R.S.Kuhrmi, J.K.Gupta, “A text book of machine design”, fourteenth edition:
Eurasia publisher, 2005.
5. Shigley’s mechanical engineering design / Richard G. Budynas, J. Keith Nisbett.
9th Ed.
6. Solid works 2015x64 Edition
7. www.globalspec.com.
8. www.made-in-china.com

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BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

Student Declaration and Approval of Mentor & Supervisor

Fourth Year mechanical engineering

Faculty of mechanical and industrial engineering

Amhara metal industry and machine technology development enterprise.

AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE I

AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE II

AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE III

AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE IV

AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE V

2.5.1 Improving Practical skills .............................................................................................................. 9

AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE VI

4.2.2. Literature review....................................................................................................................... 39

AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE VII

AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE VIII

Figure 4.2.15 configuration of pulley ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41

AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE IX

AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE X

1.2 Objectives of the enterprise

1.3 Enterprise engagement

1. Agricultural technology production and supply

2. Food processing machine production and supply

3. General machine production and supply

4. Transport machine production and supply

AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE 1

5. Environmental protection machines production and supply

6. Construction machines production and supply

7. Different machinery spare parts production and supply.

1.4 Product of the company

1.5 Main costumer or end users

AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE 2

1.6 Organizational structure Board of director

Deputy Manager Deputy Manager Deputy Manager

Industrial Product Purchasing

Biophysical economic Industrial Property

Figure 1.1Company structural organization . Machine installation

AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE 3

1.7 Work flow of the company

Marketing and sailing of

Marketing and sales

Figure 1.2 Company flow work.

AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE 4

1.8 Vision of the company

1.9 Mission of the company

1.10 Values of the company

1.11 Slogan of the company

AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE 5

2 .Overall Internship Experience

2.2 Machine installation

AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE 6

Figure 2.1: Foundation of machine installation .

Figure 2.2: Locate the place of foundation bolt.

2.2.2 Installation Procedure:

AMARA METAL INDUSTRY AND MACHINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE 7

𝑣𝑖𝑖) Testing all installation works

2.3 Major challenges and problems that we faced during installation

2.4 Proposed solution

2.5 Overall benefits I gain from internship