WEQWEQSDA

WEEK 5
STORM WATER SYSTEM

REASONS FOR DRAINAGE
Rain water collecting on roofs, will run down walls and can cause wall and
window leaks, spill on people who are approaching entry doors, cause
settlement by by washing the soil away from under foundations, subject
basement walls to unnecessary groundwater pressure and possible leakage,
and erode surrounding ground, often disfiguring landscape areas.
For buildings and houses wit flat roofs, leaders can be interior and concealed
by the structures or partitions. Sloping roofs usually require gutters and
leaders. Functionally, they can be omitted sometimes in low, basementless,
one-storey structures with wide overhanging roofs. A gravel-filled trench
skirting the perimeter and directly below the edge of the eaves catches the
water flowing off the roof.
Reasons for keeping paved areas clear of water are obvious. Puddles are
avoided and contiguous areas of earth and grass are not subjected to erosion
and a soft saturated condition. Ares to drained -including roofs, balconies,
terraces, and pavements are usually connected into a storm drainage system
and the water discharged to a stream, dry well, nearby gravel bed, recharge
basin, or storm sewer.
STORM DRAIN
Is that portion of the plumbing system which coveys rain or storm water to
suitable terminal. This is usually discharged into a street gutter conveyed by a
public drain system and carried to some natural drainage terminal such as
lakes and rivers.
SIZE OF A STORM DRAIN
The following factors should be considered when determining the size of a
storm drain:
1. Gauging the rainfall, constant,

short duration or heavy shower.
2. The varying roof area and its
slope including the distance of
water travel before it reaches the
conductors or downspouts of the
roof.
3. Water drain is faster on higher
pitched roof hence, requires a
larger drainage pipe than that of a
flat roof.
4. The height of the building contributes to the high velocity of water in the
vertical conductor (pipe) and accelerate the flow of water entering the
storm drain.
5. Short offsets and indiscriminate use of fittings affect the flow of water.
As per safe estimate the maximum rainfall in the Philippines is about 20 mm

in a 5 minute interval. Using this data an estimate of the approximate volume
of water that will accumulate in the roof in one minute can be computed.
ROOF LEADER
This is commonly known as conductor or downspout. It connect the roof
terminal to the storm drain either insider or outside leader.
SOME PLAIN GALVANIZED STEEL GUTTER DESIGNS:
PLUMBING SYSTEMS
There are three degrees or grades of Waste Water:
1. Storm Water - from the rain
2. Grey Water - wastes from laundries, wash basins, sinks, showers,
bath tubs.
3. Black Water - water plus human waste solid and liquid, urine, that is
flushed out of toilets and urinals.
ELEMENTS OF SANITARY SYSTEM
1. Soil Pipe - any pipe which conveys from the discharge of water
closets, urinals, or fixtures having similar functions.
2. Stack - a general term used for any vertical line of soil, waste, or
vent piping.
3. Soil Stack Pipe - a vertical soil pipe conveying fecal matter and
liquid waste.
4. Stack Vent - an extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest
horizontal drain connected to the stack.
5. Vent - a pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of air in a

plumbing system and for reducing the pressure exerted on trap seals.
6. Unit Vent - an arrangement of venting system so installed that one
vent pipe will serve two (2) traps.
7. Wet Vent - that portion of a vent pipe through which liquid waste
flow.
8. Branch - any part of a piping system other than main, riser or stack.
9. Main - the main of any system of continuous piping is the principal
artery of the system to which branches may be connected.
10. Branch Vent - a vent pipe connecting from a branch of a drainage
system to a vent stack.
11. Waste Pipe - a waste pipe which conveys only liquid waste free of
fecal matter.
12. Drain - a sewer or other pipe or conduit used for conveying ground
water, surface water, waste water, or sewage.
13. Sewer - a pipe or conduit for carrying sewage and waste liquids.
14. Sewage - the liquid waste conducted away from a
buildings/structures, also of the storm water.
15. Sewerage - a comprehensive term, including all construction for
collection, transportation, pumping and disposition of waste.
16. Clean-out ferrule - a metallic sleeve, calked or otherwise, joined to
an opening in a pipe, into which a plug is screwed that can be removed
for the purpose of cleaning or examining the interior of the pipe.
17. Trap - a fitting or device so constructed as to prevent the passage

of air, gas, and some vermin through a pipe without materially affecting
the flow of sewage or waste water through it.
18. House Drain - that part of the lowest horizontal piping of a
plumbing system which receives the discharge from soil, waste and
other drainage pipes inside a building and conveys it to the house
sewer. It should have a slope of at least 1/4” to a foot or .006 for
every .30 meter. (6 mm for every 300 mm).
19. House Sewer - the house sewer is that part of a plumbing system
extending from a point about four (4) or five (5) from the inner face of
the foundation wall of a building to the junction with another sewer.
20. House Trap - a trap connected to the horizontal piping or house
drain.
21. Relief Vent - a vent the primary (fresh air inlet) function of which is
to provide circulation of air between drainage and vent system.
22. Public Sewer - a common sewer directly controlled by public
authority to which all a-butters have equal rights of connection.
23. Sipitonage - a suction caused by the flow of liquids in a pipes.
24. Spigot - the end of a pipe which fit into a bell. Also a word
synonymously with the faucet.
25. Seal - the vertical distance between the dip and crown wire of a
trap.
26. Roughing-in - the installation of all pipes in the plumbing system

that are in partitions and under floors.
27. Finishing - the setting of fixtures.
28. Sump - a pit or receptacle at a low point to which the liquid waste
are drained.
29. Shaft - a vertical opening through a building for elevators,
dumbwaiters, light, ventilation, etc.
30. Sleeve - a sheet metal placed when concrete is poured to
accommodate future plumbing pipes.
31. Pipe Chase - an opening or space to accommodate a group of
pipes.
32. Duct - an opening for ventilation, and circulation of air.

PIPING, FITTINGS AND ACCESSORIES
The principal materials used for soil and waste piping and for venting are cast
iron, copper and plastic. For vents galvanized iron (G.I.) pipes is sometimes
chosen.
CUTTING OF PIPES AND CALKING OF JOINTS
Is done by making with a chalk then with a cold chisel and hammer, strike all
around the scored line.
OAKUM - hemp or old hemp rope soaked in oil to make it water proof.
This is drive around the hub connection, compressed to at least 3/4” (20mm)
to 25mm (1”) clearance then joint is sealed with molten lead.
Another method of calking (caulking) is to use an EPOXY ADHESIVE.
This pipe jointing epoxy adhesive is an epoxy based formulation which will
work wonders when trowelled into pipe joints of cast iron, concrete clay.
Asbestos ceramics and rigid PVC pipes. This adhesive comes in two
components. The GRAY resin compound and the BEIGE colored hardener
component B which combined form a highly infusible materials and highly
resistant to water, acids, alkalis, fuel oil, sewer gases and other solvent when
cured. (Advantage is that it eliminates the expensive and hazardous melting
of lead).
PLASTIC PIPES AND FITTINGS
Color coding
Potable Water - Blue
Electric Conduit - Orange or light Gray
Industrial System - Gray
Communication Cable - Yellow
Sewage System - Orange brown
NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE
GENERAL REGULATION:
SECTION 154. GRADES OF HORIZONTAL PIPING

All horizontal piping shall be run in practical alignment and are uniform grade
of not less the two (2%) percent 20 mm rise per length, and shall be
supported or anchored at intervals not exceeding 3.00 m 9(10 ft). all stacks
shall be properly supported at their bases and all pipes shall be rigidly
secured. Two (2 inches) rise per every one hundred (100 inches) length.
All soil branch having a pitch of more than 2% has the tendency of having
waste separation. The water flow faster and the heavy suspended materials
are left and deposited at the bottom of the pipe.
SECTION 157. CHANGE IN DIRECTIONS

All changes in direction shall be made by the appropriate use of forty-five
(45%) degree wyes, half wyes, long sweep quarter bends, except that single
sanitary tees may be used on vertical stacks, and short quarter bends may be
used in soil and waste lines where the change in the direction of flow is from
the horizontal to the vertical. Tees and crosses may be used in vent pipes.
SECTION 158. PROHIBITTED FITTINGS
No double hub, double T branch shall be used on horizontal soil or waste line.
The drilling and tapping of house drains, soil waste, or vent pipes and the use
of saddle hubs and bends are prohibited.
SECTION 159. DEADS ENDS AVOIDED on all drainage system

installation
SECTION 173. LEAD PIPE

Joints in lead pipes between lead pipes and brass or copper pipes, ferrules,
soldering nipples, bushing or traps, in all cases on the sewer side of the trap
and in concealed joints or the inlet side of the trap, shall be full wiped joints,
with an exposed surface of the solder to each side of the thickness at the
thickest part of the joint of not less than one fourth v(1/4”) of an inch.
SECTION 174. LEAD TO CAST IRON, STEEL OR W.I.

(Wrought Iron) - the joints shall be made water tight by the use of copper, lead,
or galvanized iron plates on flashing.
SECTION 175. ROOF JOINTS
The joints of protruding pipes thru roofs shall be made water tight by the use
of copper, lead or galvanized iron plates or flashing.

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WEEK 5

STORM WATER SYSTEM

1. Gauging the rainfall, constant,

As per safe estimate the maximum rainfall in the Philippines is about 20 mm

5. Vent - a pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of air in a

17. Trap - a fitting or device so constructed as to prevent the passage

26. Roughing-in - the installation of all pipes in the plumbing system

32. Duct - an opening for ventilation, and circulation of air.

SECTION 154. GRADES OF HORIZONTAL PIPING

SECTION 157. CHANGE IN DIRECTIONS

SECTION 159. DEADS ENDS AVOIDED on all drainage system

SECTION 173. LEAD PIPE

SECTION 174. LEAD TO CAST IRON, STEEL OR W.I.

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