?ncma112 - Finals
?ncma112 - Finals
?ncma112 - Finals
Autonomy
COVERAGE
1. Ethico-moral and Legal Foundation of Client Education - the right of self-determination or having authority and
2. Health Education Team confidence to make decision and the freedom to act in
3. Future Direction of Client Education accordance to professional knowledge base or condition of self-
4. Filipino Cultural Characteristics and Health Care Beliefs government. We can act or not act.
5. New Technologies, New Settings and Environmental Veracity
Linkages - Being honest and truthful or being exact and accurate and relate
to principle of autonomy it is the basis of trusting relationship
ETHICO-MORAL, LEGAL FOUNDATION OF est. bet nurses and pt. closely linked to decision making
HEALTH EDUCATION informed consent conformity to facts; accuracy. Sometimes
Ethics – moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the hindi 100% napapractice.
conducting of an activity. - There are four elements that matching up the notion of informed
Law – imposed by the State, concerned with the legality of an consents that such vital aspects of pt. education and is still falls
action. under veracity
Moral – a lesson, especially one concerning what is right or 1. Competence – refers to the capacity of the pt. to make a
prudent, that can be derived from a story, a piece of information,
reasonable decision. Is our patient competent enough to
or an experience.
decide for itself? Minsan hindi kaya kaya kapag ganto we
Code of Ethics
have to ask somebody else and we use criteria.
- an articulation of nine provisions for professional values and
2. Disclosure of information – sasabihin info. requires
moral obligations with respect to nurse patients and co-workers’
sufficient information regarding risk and alternative
relationships.
treatment or sometimes no treatment to enable pt make
- As early as 1950’s the American association is able to develop
rational decision. Give the pros and cons.
and adopt ethical code of professional practice titled code of
3. Comprehension – speaks ind. ability to understand or
ethics for professional practice of nurses and interpretative
grasp intellectually the info. Being provided. Kung minsan
statements since been revised and updated several times.
kase bato ng bato ng info d nmn pala naiintindihan nung pt.
1. Honor human dignity of all patient and co-workers.
Dignity as human beings that we should not be treated as 4. Voluntarism – pt. make decision out of coercion or forced
animals or nobody. from others. Bawal pilitin pt. as you wish.
2. Establish Nurse-patient boundaries and focus on - Truth telling is important because it shows respect for people
interdisciplinary collaboration. Because as nurses we don’t and allows them to autonomy and decision making so give them
interact with our patients only but also with other health the information’s for them to choose.
care professionals. Confidentiality
3. Privacy and confidentiality
- associated with right to privacy of personal information that is
4. Accountable for actions and behaviors of those persons
the nurse has delegated the responsibilities. entrusted and protected privilege information via social contract,
5. Maintain competence, safety, integrity, and personal standard or code, legal covenant.
growth. Because nurse’s world is continuously evolving. - Nurse has duty to maintain confidentiality of all pt. information
6. Deliver a high quality of care. Nothing less than the very and only info. Pertinent to pt. treatment and welfare is being
best. Regardless of what status they have. Give the patient disclosed and only to those directly involve to pt. care.
the very best care that we can do, afford and perform. Non-maleficence
7. Contributes to advancement of his profession. Kaya we
have research to contribute in advancement of profession. - Nurses must do no harm intentionally. Minimize risk.
8. Participates in global efforts for health promotion and Negligence or malpractice.
disease prevention. Kasama pa din research pero global na - Example: Mercy killing, Cannot deprive pt. from food
9. Involve in professional nursing organization that - Causes of malpractice:
supports the development of social policy. Nurses are Failure to follow standards of care.
required by law to join certain organization especially
Failure to use equipment in responsible manner.
Philippine nurses association and we have subspecialty
organization. Failure to communicate.
Failure to document.
Application of Ethical Principles of Patient Education Failure to aces and monitor.
- various theories and traditions frame a health professional Failure to act as patient advocate
understanding to the ethical dimension of health care setting in Failure to delegate task properly
considering the ethical and legal responsibilities inherent in the Beneficence
process of patient education nurses and even nurse students can - kindness and charity. The doing good. Req. action of nurse to
turn six major ethical principles benefit others
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physician proving the patient with information on the diagnosis, this is to include and to involve the patient in their plan of care
procedure, treatment options and risk and benefits of procedure. to also have them a better health overall and enjoy a better
Nurse should ensure was provided and pt. understand quality of life have fewer illness related complications tends to
Factors that affect obtaining informed consent be more compliant with medication and treatment regimen and
Patient comprehension are less likely to be a train on health care resources.
- Opportunities are available to work hospitals, clinics, schools,
Patient uses of disclosed information
healthcare organization and home health agencies.
Patient autonomy - Nurse educators are said to be collaborators capable of bringing
Demands on providers others together and building partnership (doctors, med tech,
Physician meeting minimum standards therapies, midwifes, nursing attendants) and aside from nursing
Documentation of Patient Education staff they also coordinates student learning with professors
- The 89th Congress enacted the Comprehensive Health Planning across all discipline.
Act in 1965 (Public Law89-97, 1965). - Nurse educators also prepare students to work as a team in an
- The entitlements of Medicare and, to qualify for environment where collaborative relationship have directly
reimbursement, “a hospital has to show evidence that patient linked to have better patient outcomes.
education has been a part of patient care” (Boyd et al., 1998, p. Client advocate
- Nurse advocate supports the patients best interest whether
26).
respecting the families important role
- JCAHO (formerly JCAH) has reinforced the federal mandate
- Advocate become facilitators when patients and family
by requiring evidence (documentation) of patient and/or family members need to discuss uncomfortable information like cancer,
education in the patient record. debilitating disease or explore its complication. Nurses my
- Snyder (1996) presents an invaluable description of an sometimes need to advocate for patients against their families.
interdisciplinary method to document patient education. Because there are times where the patient not comfortable or
- The flowsheet includes identification of client and family they disagree with the decision with their family members.
educational: Clinical care teams/ health care team
Readiness to learn - These are the ones involve in each other’s collaboration of care
barriers to learning in order to provide the best possible for their patient. patient that
Who was taught they share together.
Groups of physicians, nurses, physician assistants,
What was taught
Clinical pharmacists, social workers,
What method of teaching
And other health professionals that help to establish new
Clients’ response lines of collaboration, communication, and cooperation to
better serve their patient’s needs.
HEALTH EDUCATION TEAM Clinical care teams
- The nurse educator role is the key person responsible in Physicians, nurses, physician assistants,
promoting healthy lifestyles, the nurse also assumes a role a as Clinical pharmacists, social workers,
working in Healthcare facilities such as hospital setting, And other health professionals that help to establish new lines
educational Institution or classroom setting, and assume a role of collaboration, communication, and cooperation to better
in community setting. serve their patient’s needs.
Nurses’ roles Role of members of the Health Care team in Education
Giver of information
Process access/entry point/referral guide
- they feed learners information necessary to progress student
- this is when nurses can play a vital role in shaping a supporting
nurse towards role to finish nursing.
Facilitator of learning appropriate patient referral assess the need to refer clients with
- As nurse educators they facilitate nursing by known strategies assistance with actual potential problem. Like client’s nana-
to assess and evaluate student learning in the classroom and amputate we refer them to physical therapy, or sa may mga
clinical, laboratory setting, design curricula, and program speech defect refer to speech therapies.
outcomes. - Recognize need for referrals and obtain necessary orders,
Coordinator/ collaborator of teaching identify community resources for the client. Like social
- The patient education coordinator is responsible for educating services, social workers so they can get discounts, teen age
their patients about their disease medication and all aspects of client pregnancy that need shelters. Abuse children or refer
care needed following hospitalization or clinic visit. alcoholic patients to alcoholic anonymous and problems on
- Patient education is intended to help patients and family cope drugs for rehabilitation.
with crisis gather information learn self-care and rules, attitudes Clinical leader/clinical decision maker
and strategy in order for them to promote optimal health.
- Clinical judgement and decision making is a required
- Patients who are well informed about their health actively
component of a professional nursing.
makes them their own health care decisions and the way to do
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- Expert nurses are known for their efficient and incisive Hard Nursing Skills
decision-making processes while novice nurses (new Urgent care and emergency care
nurses/graduate nurses) they are known for their effortful and - These are skills involving ability to respond promptly to
deliberate decision-making process. medical issues as a patient is experiencing.
Technical expert/consultant - The here and the now dapat mabilis response natin
- Technical procedure you learn in labs, clinical which allow you Checking and monitoring vital signs
to perform job effectively they include things like vital signs - One of the basic responsibilities of a nurse.
taking administering medication, providing wound care, - We have to know how to check patient’s heartbeat, rate,
inserting IV and catheters. respirations, BP, and temperature.
Support service/provide - VS provide nurses with important information to determine
- The goal of supportive care is to prevent or treat as early as which treatment protocols is to follow. Track how treatments
possible the symptoms of a disease side effects cause by are working and provide critical information to make life saving
treatment of disease and psychological, social, and spiritual decisions.
problem related to disease or its treatment. Patient and family education
- This is sometimes also called comfort care or palliative care and - Inform patient and family about their condition and how they
some books call it symptomatic management. care for themselves upon discharge and to prevent return to the
- Mostly we offer this kind of services to hospice care patients or hospital.
those terminally ill patients to make them as comfortable as - Allows patient to make informed decisions relating to their care.
possible and to ensure that their remaining days have whatever Patient safety
quality of life they can still salvage given the setting situation. - Involves properly educating patients and families creating safe
- Support service try to ensure that patients is safe comfortable, environment that minimize the risk of falls preventing errors
and able to refer to institution where they can be cared. and learning from errors when they occur.
Process coordinator/Resource manager/coordinator - Nurses play a vital role in keeping patients during their visit’s
- Nurse manager are responsible for managing human and patients safety helps minimize risk of patients’ harm maximize
financial resources ensuring patient and staff satisfaction. The recoveries and protects medical facilities and staff from liability
management of resources is to give responsibility to individual issues.
staff to in the care units. Technology skill
- Nurses as large group providing care in the hospital are the main - Ability to use wide range of technology to be successful in
use of resources and equipment at their workplace. working environment. It is very important for nurses to have
Information coordinator/communicator wide range of technology skills.
- The nurse coordinator assists the patient by providing support - Nurses may share technology to share patient and family
and helping them navigate the medical system the care and education information monitor their vital signs and maintain
treatment they need to prevent hospital re-admission. patient records more hospital nowadays moving towards
- We want patient to not return after discharge. electronic medical system like COW, this digital system means
Role of Family members in Health Education nurses must know how to use these electronic medical
- One of the variables in providing positive patient care. electronic systems to record their notes and information they
- The role of the family caregiver is essential to provide a quality gather from the patient and from the doctor.
care to patient. Soft Nursing Skills
- The family faced a challenge to develop confidence to do what Communication
is right for the patient. - Involves combination of active listening, talagang
- Education is the most powerful tool for the Nurse Educator to pinakikinggan we also read between the lines kahit ung mga
ensure the transfer of skills and knowledge to the family hindi sinasabi ng patient we also observe and speak with
members. empathize.
- Advantages of an effective health education program to the - These skills could be in the form of verbal or nonverbal
family: communication and written communication.
Decrease the stress of hospitalization Critical Thinking and Problem Solving
Reduce care of cost - Ability to handle complex situations in workplace and calmly
Increase satisfaction with care develop creative solutions.
Reduce hospital readmission - Nurses work in dynamic environment with many variables
Prepare patient for self-care management being able to think quickly have pros and cons and make inform
patients decision with their life on the line it is critical for nurses
if make or break na kaya n adapt ni nurse to decide.
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FUTURE DIRECTION OF CLIENT EDUCATION - For example, teleconsultation (consultation over phone call
- With the increasing number of older patients and decreased or video call)
length of stay, nurses are faced with challenge of ensuring that o Relevant especially during this pandemic
the patient or caregiver can manage care after discharge Interorganizational linkages to enhance cooperative
- Patient education facilitates the maintenance and promotion of endeavors in patient’s education.
self-care behavior. - Such as NGO’s, Alcohol anonymous, (for alcohol
Questions about Patient Education that addiction) women and child protection program. Promote
remain to be answered. awareness and education to those with disease.
1. Can patient teaching improve health status, decrease the Emphasis on illness prevention and health promotion.
incidence of disease, and prevent costly complications? Third party reimbursement will increase as cost benefit
- Through the health education that we are rendering, we ratios demonstrate the cost effectiveness of consumer
should be able to improve their health status or condition at education.
the moment. - Third party reimbursement are those insurance companies.
2. Does patient teaching reduce the chance of litigation for When a pt. receive treatment in a healthcare facility and
health care organizations and individual practitioners? insurance company are the one who pays for the service
- Every patient has their own way of learning and they have provider.
different cultures. Emphasis on greater wellness
3. How will staff shortages affect the ability to deliver effective Raise awareness of the need for disease prevention and wellness
patient teaching? education.
- Talking about being sued minsan kase mas nakikinig pa sa Health education and health information counseling has
mga sabi-sabi but with the help of our patient teaching, they become more important.
would also understand why we are doing things.
The affordable care act these are mandated programs by gov. to
4. Are some strategies for patient teaching more effective than
ensure health plan are available in the individual and small
others?
group markets. Lahat dapat mabigyan ng benefit kaya tayo may
- Individualized approach. We try to consider each person as
phil health.
individual somebody who has diff. needs compared to the
- This act means everyone regardless of their socioeconomic
one in another bed. status must receive an affordable care
5. How can patient teaching be adapted to best meet the needs Health care reform legislation outlines, the following
of a variety of patients? requirements for workplace wellness programs:
- The quality of care or teaching being given would decrease. Health awareness initiatives, including health education an
6. How should patient education be reimbursed? preventive screenings
- Reimburse: Money (In other cases) Efforts to maximize employee to encourage employee
- By the means of them understanding what we’ve taught. participation
New Dimension on Patient Education According to
Initiative to change unhealthy behaviors and lifestyle choices,
Anderson and Abruzzeze
counseling, seminars, online, programs and self-help materials
Abruzzeze
Supportive environment efforts, including workplace policies
- James Louis Abruzzeze
to encourage healthy lifestyles, healthy eating, increased
- He is the chief of Duke Division Medical Oncology
physical activity and improved mental health.
(cancer)
Third party reimbursement
- He is the associate director of clinical research for duke
- It can be used in any business, but are most common in the
cancer institute.
health care industry.
- Field of specialization: Pancreatic Cancer
- The patient is the first party, the health care or service provider
- He is from Hatford, Connecticut, USA
is the second party and the third party is an insurance company.
Most teaching will occur in the ambulatory care setting.
- The patient provides proof of insurance before receiving
- Ambulatory care setting means outpatient setting doesn’t
services.
need to be admitted in the hospital.
- The advantages to accepting health insurance include:
- Ambulatory means nakakapaglakad
Patients who are more likely to see a doctor that accepts
Use of interactive video program will increase.
their insurance
- Video presentation for the whole outpatient department
Referrals from the insurance company
especially nowadays amidst pandemics.
Easy handling of claims submission and quick claims
Use of computer-based instruction for hospital, ambulatory
reimbursement
care settings, physician offices or homes will increase.
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- The advantage of the payment rate dictated by the insurance “Knowing which patients are dissatisfied with certain issues
company of the services, the patient cannot be bill for the helps staff identity.
difference.
Internet and Health Information FILIPINO CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS
- With advent of internet pt. have become exposed to enormous Role of the nurse as health educator:
amount of health information. Can lead to confusion of what is Giver of information
appropriate to them and their unique health concern. Facilitator of learning
- Today’s health consumers want, and expect, to be a partner in Coordinator of teaching
their health care decision making. Advocate for the client
- Provide evidence-based health information. Role of family members in HCE:
- With the advent of Internet communication Decrease the stress of hospitalization
Patients have become exposed to an enormous amount of Reduce care of cost
health information and can be confused about what is Increase satisfaction with care
appropriate for them and their unique health concerns. Reduce hospital readmission
Health consumers want, and expect, to be a partner in their Prepare patient for self-care management
health care decision making. Role of the members of the health care team in HE:
- Providing evidence-based health information that is easily Process access/ entry point/ referral guide
understood and utilized is the challenge facing many health and
Clinical leader/ clinical decision maker
medical practices today.
Technical expert/ consultant
Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) and
Support service/ provider
hospitals identified these key guidelines which include:
Process coordinator
- Placing the patient at the center of their health care decision
making treating the person as a whole Resource manager/ coordinator
- Evidence based health education for the prevention and disease Information coordinator/ communicator
management. Cultural Characteristics
- Medicard/Medicare initiatives - Knowledge of cultural customs enables health care providers to
New technologies, new settings, and environmental linkages offer better care and help avoid misunderstandings
- Patient education and entertainment systems allow hospital Purnell’s definition of terms
staff to deliver and document health education to patients, and Acculturation – the willingness to adapt or modify one’s own
to train patients on how to access their health records online. culture as a result of contact with another culture.
- They also can be used to conduct surveys to gather data and Assimilation – the ability to an individual to adopt and
improve the patient experience. incorporate characteristics of the prevailing culture.
- The tablet also lets hospitals deploy additional apps alongside Culture – refers to the learned patterns of behavior and range
the platform —apps that will only run on an android or iOS of beliefs attributed to a specific group that are passed on
(iPad) tablet. through generations. It includes ways of life, norms and values,
- Smartphone, tablets and other devices offer important benefits, social institutions and a shared construction of the physical
they can be harder to manage and create an additional burden world.
on hospital staff. Competence – used to describe behaviors that reflect
- Electronic whiteboards that use real-time locating system appropriate application of knowledge and attitudes.
(RTLS) technology are a relatively new development in patient Cultural awareness – the recognizing and appreciating the
education and entertainment systems, external signs of diversity in other ethnic group such as art,
- SONIFI Health has developed is Staycast. uses Google Chrome music, dress and physical features.
cast to provide patients and families with the familiarity of Cultural diversity – describe the variety of culture that exist in
home by enabling them to stream content — Netflix, Hulu and a society.
more — from their mobile apps to the TV in the hospital room Cultural relativism – the belied of behaviors and practices of
- Data collection is another benefit of the latest patient education people that should judge from the context of their cultural
and entertainment systems, which connect with EHR and system.
RTLS. Ethnic group – referred to as subculture, a population of people
- Real-time data is highly valuable to both patients and providers, who have experiences different from the dominant culture.
Displays can show information such as the names of providers Ethnocentrism – the tendency of human beings to think that
or a patient’s most recent vitals. their own way of thinking, acting and believing are the only
- Pushing a patient satisfaction survey through the interactive TV right and proper.
can help identify and address concerns before patient discharge.
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General Areas to assess when first meeting with patient It is an exceptionally rich resources for education for
The patient’s perception of health and Illness professional and consumer use
His or her traditional remedies and folk practitioner It was conceived by Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau
The patient perception of nurses It is composed of a network information server around the
His or her beliefs about the role of family and family world connected to internet. The servers make up the Internet
relationship The www supports a type of document called webpages
His or her perceptions of and need of emotional support Link on webpage allow the user to move from one page to
Questions to be use to understand patient perspective of health another
1. What do you think caused your problems? Internet is a huge global network of computers establish to
2. Why do you think the problems started when it did? allow the transfer of information form one computer to another
3. Which major problems does your illness cause you? World wide Web created to display information
4. How has being sick affected you? It evolves form simple static information delivery system to
5. What do you think caused your problems? interactive platform to allow users control and interaction. Web.
6. Why do you think the problems started when it did? 2.0
7. Which major problems does your illness cause you? WWW resides on a small section of internet and will not exist
8. How has being sick affected you? without the internet computer network
The following guidelines used regardless of culture Social Media
Identify patient primary language. Assess ability to understand, - Web 2.0 also known as social networking that provides
read and speak the language of the nurse communication for people with similar interest to come together
Observe interaction between the patient and his family to exchange ideas and share information.
Listen to patient. find out what the patient want differs from - It is also known as INTERNET sites e.g., Facebook and
what the family wants and how they differ from what you think LinkedIn.
is appropriate - Social proven to be a powerful force to educate and empower
Consider the patient communication abilities and pattern people to quickly send messages to worldwide audience to gather
Observe behavior and clarify beliefs and practices that may information about public perceptions and health issues.
interfere with the treatment plan Blogs
Become oriented to individual and family sense of time and - Blogs developed in 1990 are popularly mechanism for
time frame individuals to share information and experiences related to
Determine which communication approaches are appropriate given topic.
with respect - These includes images, media objects and links that allow for
Assess religious practices and determine how his or her public responses.
religious belief influence perceptions of illness and treatment - Health focused blogs on the web covers a wide range.
- Because of the ease of use and popularity of this form of
electronic communication Blogs remains an effective way
TECHNOLOGY OF PATIENT EDUCATION to provide consumers with health-related information.
- Information Age also known as Computer Age or digital age Wikis
characterized by change in focus from industry to information. - Wiki means quick is a website that allows multiple users to
- Consumer’s informatics which has a great influence on health come together to collaboratively write and edit the content and
education use to strengthen the relationship between patient and structure of a collection of webpages.
healthcare provider and teach and empower patient dealing with - It is more social in their construction, easily expanded and all
issues related to health and wellness. users can add or edit and remove content (http://wikipedia.org)
Impact of technology on the teacher and learner: Webcast and Webinars
Access of information bridge the gap between teacher and - Webcasts or live broadcast over internet permit audio and video
learner transmitted to participants in multiple locations.
Teachers becomes the facilitator of learning rather than - They provide a unique mechanism for delivering presentation
providers of information to users around the globe.
Creates a collaborative atmosphere in the teaching and learning - It allows for limited interaction.
environment
The need for memorization becomes less important than the
ability to think critically
Strategies of using technology in healthcare education
World wide web is a virtual space for information
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