MIND MAP

Summary Triangles

Right angled triangle

theorem Pythagoras

Theorems

Triangles

Area of similar triangles

Similarity
Theorems

MIND MAP
Real Numbers

Euclid’s
Division Lemma

Euclid’s
Division Algorithm

Real Numbers

Prime Factorization Method

Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic

Division Algorithm

MIND MAP
Polynomials

Zeroes of Polynomial
Graphically

Relationships Zeroes and

Coefficient of Polynomials

Polynomials

Graphical Representation
Quadratic Polynomial

Degree of Polynomial
 MIND MAP
PAIR OF LINEAR
By Substitution EQUATIONS IN TWO
VARIABLES

By Elimination Graphical Representation

By Cross Multiplication

PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

IN TWO VARIABLES

General Form Solution Graphically:

By Completing the Square
MIND MAP
QUADRATIC EQUATION

General Form
By Factorization
Solution of a Quadratic
Equation

Quadratic Formula
QUADRATIC EQUATION Nature of Roots

General Form
 MIND MAP
Arithmetic Progression

Definition

Sum (s)

General Form &

Common Difference

Examples Arithmetic Progression

Nth Term

Arithmetic Mean
 MIND MAP
Coordinate Geometry

Meaning

Mid-​point Line Segment

Centroid

Section Formula

Coordinate Geometry
Coordinate axis

Distance Formula

Area of Triangle
 MIND MAP
Circles

Definition

Facts

Theorems

Circles

Secant

Tangent and Tangent Point Non Intersecting Line

 MIND MAP
Trigonometry

Values

Trigonometry

Trigonometric
Identities

Complementary Angles
 MIND MAP
Heights & Distances

Heights & Distances

 MIND MAP
Surface Area & Volumes

Frustum of
Cone
Combination of
Solids

Surface Area & Volumes

Conversion of
Solids
 MIND MAP
Statistics

Definition

Ogive

Cumulative Frequency
& Class Mark

Statistics

Mean

Mode

Median
 MIND MAP
Probability

Definition

Examples

Probability

Value
 Probable Paper Solution
Chapter 1
REAL NUMBERS

1. 96 = 25  3
360 = 23  32  5
LCM = 25  32  5 = 32  9  5 = 1440

2 96 2 360
2 48 2 180
2 24 2 90
2 12 3 45
2 6 3 15
3 3 5 5

2. We know,
1st number  2nd number = HCF  LCM
 27  2nd number = 9  459
9×459
 2nd number = 27 = 153

3. It is given that on dividing 70 by the required number, there is a remainder 5.

This means that 70 – 5 = 65 is exactly divisible by the required number.
Similarly, 125 – 8 = 117 is also exactly divisible by the required number.
65 = 5  13
117 = 32  13
HCF = 13
Required number = 13

4. First, we find HCF of 6339 and 6341 by Euclid’s division method.

 6341 > 6339
6341 = 6339  1 + 2
6336 = 2  3169 + 1
2=12+0
HCF of 6341 and 6339 is 1.
Now, we find the HCF of 134791 and 1
134791 = 1  134791 + 0
HCF of 134791 and 1 is 1.
Hence, the HCF of the given three numbers is 1.

5. HCF of 408 and 1032 is 24.

1032  2 + 408  (p) = 24
408p = 24 – 2064
p = -5

6. To find the length of the longest rod that can measure the dimensions of the room
exactly, we have to find HCF.
L, Length = 8 m 50 cm = 850 cm = 21  52  17
B, Breadth = 6 m 25 cm = 625 cm = 54
H, Height = 4 m 75 cm = 475 cm = 52  19
HCF of L, B and H is 52 = 25 cm
Length of the longest rod = 25 cm

7. Let us assume, to the contrary, that √5 is rational.

So, we can find integers p and q(q  0), such that
𝑝
√5 = 𝑞 , where p and q are coprime.
Squaring both sides, we get
𝑝2
5 = 𝑞2
 5q2 = p2 …(i)
  5 divides p2
5 divides p
So, let p = 5r
Putting the value of p in (i), we get
5q2 = (5r)2
 5q2 = 25r2
 q2 = 5r2
 5 divides q2
5 divides q
So, p and q have atleast 5 as a common factor.
But this contradicts the fact that p and q have no common factor.
So, our assumption is wrong, is irrational.
√5 is irrational, 3 is a rational number.
So, we conclude that 3 + √5 is irrational.

8. Algorithm
398 – 7 = 391, 436 – 11 = 425, 542 – 15 = 527
HCF of 391, 425, 527 = 17
 Chapter 2
POLYNOMIALS

−𝑏 𝑐
1. += ,  = 𝑎
𝑎
2 + 2 = (+ )2 - 2
−𝑏 2 𝑐
2 + 2 = ( 𝑎 ) − 2 (𝑎)
𝑏2 2𝑐
2 + 2 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎
𝑏 2 −2𝑐𝑎
 + =
2 2
𝑎2

2. p(x) = (k2 – 14)x2 – 2x – 12

Here a = k2 – 14, b = -2, c = -12
Sum of the zeroes, ( + ) = 1 …[Given]
−𝑏
 𝑎 =1
−(−2)
 𝑘 2 −14 = 1
 k2 – 14 = 2
 k2 = 16
 k = 4
1
3. Let a and 𝑎 be the zeroes of P(x).
P(a) = ax2 + bx + c …(given)
𝑐
Product of zeroes = 𝑎
1 𝑐
a𝑎=𝑎
𝑐
1=𝑎
 a = c (Required condition)
 Coefficient of x2 = constant term

4. Since two zeroes are -2 and -3.

(x + 2)(x + 3) = x2 + 3x + 2x + 6 = x2 + 5x + 6
Dividing the given equation with x2 + 5x + 6, we get

x4 + 5x3 + 4x2 – 10x – 12

=(x2 + 5x + 6)(x2 – 2)
= (x + 2)(x + 3)(x - √2 )(x + √2 )
Other zeroes are:
x - √2 = 0 or x + √2 = 0
x = √2 or x = -√2

5. Let 3x3 + 4x2 + 5x – 13 = P(x)

q(x) = 3x + 10, r(x) = 16x – 43 …[Given]
As we know, P(x) = g(x) . q(x) + r(x)
3x3 + 4x2 + 5x – 13 = g(x) . (3x + 10) + (16x – 43)
3x3 + 4x2 + 5x – 13 – 16x + 43 = g(x) . (3x + 10)

g(x) = x2 – 2x + 3

6. We have, 2x2 – 5x – 3 =0
= 2x2 – 6x + x – 3
= 2x(x – 3) + 1(x – 3)
= (x – 3) (2x + 1)
Zeroes are:
x – 3 = 0 or 2x + 1 = 0
 −1
 x = 3 or x = 2
Since the zeroes of required polynomial is double of given polynomial.
Zeroes of the required polynomial are:
−1
3  2, ( 2 × 2), i.e. 6, -1
Sum of zeroes, S = 6 + (-1) = 5
Product of zeroes, P = 6  (-1) = -6
Quadratic polynomial is x2 – Sx + P
 x2 – 5x – 6 …(i)
2
Comparing (i) with x + px + q
p = -5, q = -6

7.

If x4 + x3 + 8x2 + ax – b is divisible by x2 + 1
Remainder = 0
(a – 1)x – b – 7 = 0
(a – 1)x + (-b – 7) = 0. x + 10
a -1 = 0, -b – 7 = 0
a = 1, b = -7
a = 1, b = -1
 Chapter 3
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

1. 141x + 93y = 189

93x + 141y = 45
________________
234x + 234y = 234 …[By adding
________________
x+y=1 …(i) (+ by 234)
141x + 93y = 189
93x + 141y = 45
-___-________-_____
48x + 48y = 144 …[By subtracing
________________
x-y=3 …(ii) (+ by 48)
By adding (i) and (ii), we get
x+y=1
x–y=3
2x = 4
x=2
Putting the value of x in (i), we get
2+y=1
y = 1 – 2 = -1  x = 2, y = -1
𝑏 𝑎
2. 𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑦 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 …(i)
𝑎
x + y = 2ab …(ii)
Multiplying (i) by 1 and (ii) by b/a we get
𝑏 𝑎
𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑦 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
𝑎
𝑏 𝑏
+ 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎 𝑦 = +2𝑏 2
- - -
 𝑎 𝑏
𝑦 − 𝑎 𝑦 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑏 2 …[by subtracting
𝑏

𝑎 𝑏
(𝑏 − 𝑎 ) 𝑦 = 𝑎 2 − 𝑏 2
𝑎2 −𝑏2
( ) 𝑦 = (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )
𝑎𝑏
𝑎𝑏
𝑦 = (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ) × (𝑎2−𝑏2)
 y = ab
Putting the value of y in (ii), we get
x + ab = 2ab  x = 2ab – ab
x = ab  x = ab, y = ab

𝑎2 𝑏2
3. − =0 …. (i)
𝑥 𝑦
𝑎2 𝑏 𝑏2𝑎
+ =𝑎+𝑏 ...(ii)
𝑥 𝑦
Multiplying (i) by a and (ii) by 1,

𝑎3 𝑏2𝑎
− =0
𝑥 𝑦
𝑎2 𝑏 𝑏2𝑎
+ = (𝑎 + 𝑏)
𝑥 𝑦
𝑎3 𝑎2 𝑏 …[by adding
+ =𝑎+𝑏
𝑥 𝑥

𝑎3 +𝑎2 𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
=
𝑥 1
x(a + b) = a2(a + b)  x = a2
Putting the value of x in (i), we get
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑏2
− =0 1=
𝑎2 𝑦 𝑦
 y = ab 2

4. Let the speed of stream = x km/hr

Speed of the boat in still water = 15 km/hr
then, the speed of the boat upstream = (15 – x) km/hr
and the speed of the boat downstream = (15 + x) km/hr
According to question,
30 30 1 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
+ 15+𝑥 = 4 2 hrs. …. [Time = 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
15−𝑥
30[15+𝑥+15−𝑥] 9
(15−𝑥)(15+𝑥)
= 2
30×30 9
 225−𝑥 2 = 2
 1800 = 9(225 – x2)  200 = 225 – x2
 x2 = 225 – 200  x2 = 25
 x = +5 km/hr … [∵ Speed cannot be –ve.
 Speed of stream = 5 km/hr
5. Let unit’s place digit be x and ten’s place digit bey.
Then original number = x + 10y
and reversed number = 10x + y
According to the question,
x + 10y = 7(x + y)
x + 10y = 7x + 7y
 10y – 7y = 7x – x
 3y = 6x  y = 2x …(i)
(x + 10y) – (10x + y) = 18
x + 10y – 10x – y = 18
 9y – 9x = 180
y–x=2 …[Dividing by 9
 2x – x = 2 …[From (i)
x=2
Putting the value of ‘x’ in (i), we get y = 2(2) = 4
 Required number = x + 10y
= 2 + 10(4) = 42

6.

x + 3y = 6 2x – 3y = 12
x = 6 – 3y 2x = 12 + 3y
12+3𝑦
𝑥= 2
x 6 3 0
X 0 6 3
y 0 1 2
y -4 0 -2
(6, 0), (3, 1), (0, 2)
(0, -4), (6, 0), (3, -2)

By plotting points and joining them, the lines intersect at A(6, 0)

 x= 6, y = 0
Line x + 3y = 6 intersects Y-axis at B(0, 2) and Line 2x – 3y = 12 intersects Y-axis at C(0, -4).
Therefore, Area of triangle formed by the lines with y-axis.
Area of triangle
 1
= 2  base  corresponding altitude
1 1
= 2  BC  AO = = 2  6  6 = 18 sq. units.

Chapter - 4
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
1. ay2 + ay + 3 = 0
a(1)2 + a(1) + 3 = 0
2a = -3
−3
a= 2
2
y +y+b=0
12 + 1 + b = 0
b = -2
ab = (−3
2
) (-2) = 3

2. We have, px (x- 3) + 9 = 0
px2 - 3px + 9 = 0 Here a = p, b = -3p,
D=0
b2 - 4ac = 0 ⇒ (3p)2 - 4(p)(9) = 0
⇒ 9p2 - 36p = 0
⇒ 9p (p - 4) = 0
⇒ 9p = 0 or p - 4 = 0
p = 0 (rejected) or p = 4
p = 4 ....(∵Coeff of x2 cannot be zero

3. The given quadratic equation can be written as

√3x2 - 2√23x - 2√3 = 0
Here, a= √3, b = 2√2, c =-2√3
 D = b2 - 4ac
⇒ (−2√2)2 - 4 × √3(−2√3)
⇒ 4 × 2 + 8 × 3 = 8 + 24 = 32
⇒ √D = 4√2
As we know,
−𝑏 ±√𝐷
x= 2𝑎
−(−2√2) ±4√2
⇒ 2√3
2√2+4√2 3√2 2√2−4√2
x= = x=
2√3 √3 2√3

3√2×√3 2
⇒x= = √6 x =√3
√3×√3
√2×√3 −√6
x=- =
√3×√3 3
−√6
⟹ x = √6, 3

4. The given quadratic equation can be written as:

4x2 - 4a2x + (a44 - b4) =0
(4x2 - 4a2x + a4) - b4 =0
or (2x - a2)2 -(b2)2 = 0
⟹ (2x - a2 + b2) (2x - a2 - b2) =0
⟹ (2x - a2 + b2) = 0 or (2x - a2 - b2) = 0
𝑎2 − 𝑏2 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
x= or x =
2 2

2𝑥 1 3𝑥+9
5. + 2𝑥+3 + (𝑥−3)(2𝑥+3) = 0
𝑥−3
2𝑥(2𝑥+3)+(𝑥−3)+3𝑥+9
⟹ (𝑥−3)(2𝑥+3)
=0
⟹ 4x2 + 6x + x - 3 + 3x + 9 =0
⟹ 4x2 +10x + 6 = 0
⟹ 2x2 + 3x + 2x +3 = 0 ...[Dividing both by 2
⟹ 2x2 + 3x + 2x + 3 = 0
⟹ x(2x + 3) + 1(2x + 3) = 0
⟹ (2x + 3) (x +3) = 0
⟹ 2x +3 = 0 or x + 1 = 0
−3
⟹x= or x = -1
2
−3
But x ≠ 2 ... [Given
2
  x = -1 is the only solution.

Chapter - 5
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION

1−6𝑏 1
1. The common difference, d = a2 - a1 = −
2𝑏 2𝑏
1−6𝑏−1 −6𝑏
= = = -3
2𝑏 2𝑏

2. Let the angles be a - d, a, a + d; a > 0, d > 0

 Sum of angles = 180o
 a - d + a + a + d = 180o
 3a = 180o a = 60o ...(i)
By the given condition
𝑎+𝑑
a-d= 2
 2 = 2a - 2d = a + d
 2a - a = d + 2d  a = 3d
𝑎 60°
d=3= = 20o ... [From (i)
3
 Angles are: 60o – 20o ,60o, 60o + 20o
i.e., 40o , 60o ,80o

3. Common difference d = 9 - 4
= 14 - 9 = 5
Given: Last term, I = 254, n = 10
nthterm from the end = 1 - (n - 1) d
10th term from the end = 254 - ( 10 - 1) × 5
= 254 - 45 = 209
4. Numbers divisible by both 2 and 5 are 110, 120,130, ...., 990
Here a = 110, d = 120 - 110 = 10, an =990
As a + (n -1)d = an = 990
110 + (n - 1)(10) = 990
(n - 1)(10) = 990 - 110 = 880
294
(n -1) = = 88
7
 n = 88 + 1 =89

5. Let A be the first term and D be the common difference of the given A.P.
pth term = A+ (p - 1)D = a ...(i)
th
q term = A + (q - 1)D = b ...(ii)
rth term = A + (r - 1)D = c ... (iii)
L.H.S =(a - b)r + (b - c)p + (c - a)q
=[A + (p - 1)D - (A + (q - 1)D] r +[A+ (q -1)D -(A +(r -1(D)]p +[A + (r - 1)D- (A+ (p -
1)D)]q
=[(p -1 - q + 1)D]r +[(q -1 - r +1)D]p + [(r - 1 - p + 1)D]q
= D[(p - q) r + (q - r)p +(r - p)q]
= D[pr - qr + qp - rp + rq - pq]
= D[0] = 0 = R.H.S.

6. Given: tn= 2 - 3n
When n = 1, t1 = 2 - 3(1) = -1 ...(i)
When n = 25, t25 = 22 - 3(25) = -73 ...(ii)
𝑛
As Sn= 2[t1 + tn], n = 25
25
S25 = [ -1 +(-73)] ... [From (i) and (ii)
2
25×(−74)
= = 25 × (−37) = −925
2

77 37 71
7. Given: A.P: 20, , ,
4 4 4
77−80 3
Here a = 20, d = = -4
4
For first negative term, an <0
3
 a +(n - 1)d < 0  20 +(n - 1)(− 4)< 0
3
-4(n -1) < -20  3(1 - 1) > 80
 3n - 3> 80  3n > 83
83
n > 4  n > 27.5
  Its negative term is 28th term.

8. We have, Sn=3n2 + 4n
Put n = 25,
S25 = 3(25)2 +4(25)
=3(625) + 100
= 1875 + 100 = 1975
Put n = 24,
S24 =3(24)2 + 4(24)
= 3(576) + 96
= 1728 +96 = 1824
 25th term =S25 - S24
=1975 - 1824 =151.

9. Let A be first term and D be the common difference of 1st A.P.

Let a be the first term and d be the common difference 2nd A.P.
𝑆 𝑜𝑓 1𝑠𝑡 𝐴.𝑃. 7𝑛+1
𝑠 𝑛 𝑜𝑓 2𝑛𝑑 𝐴.𝑃 = 4𝑛+27
𝑛
𝜋
[2𝐴+(𝑛−1)𝐷] 7𝑛+1
 2
𝜋 = 4𝑛+27
[2𝑎+(𝑛−1)𝑑]
2
2𝐴+(2𝑚−1−1)𝐷 7(2𝑚−1)+1
 2𝑎+(2𝑚−1−1)𝑑 = 4(2𝑚−1)+27
... [Put, n = 2(Required term) - 1 = 2m - 1
2𝐴+(2𝑚−2)𝐷 14𝑚−7+1
 2𝑎+(2𝑚−2)𝑑 = 8𝑚−4+27
2[𝐴+(𝑚−1)𝐷] 14𝑚−6
 2[𝑎+(𝑚−1)𝑑] =8𝑚+23
𝑚𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 1𝑠𝑡 𝐴.𝑃. 14𝑚−6
𝑚𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 2𝑛𝑑 . 𝐴.𝑃. = 8𝑚+23
 Required ratio = (14m - 6) : (8m + 23)

10. Here, n = 50,

Here, S10 = 210
10
= (2a + 9d) =210 ....[Sn = 12 [2a+(n - 1)2]
2
5(2a + 9d) = 210
210
2a + 9d = = 42
5
42−9𝑑
 2a = 42 - 9d  a = ...(i)
2
Now, 50 = (1 + 2 + 3+ ...) + (36 +37 + ... +50) Sum =2565
 Sum of its last 15 terms =2565 ...[Given
S50 - S35 =2565
50 35
(2a + 49d) - (2a + 34d) = 2565
2 2
100a + 2450d – 70a – 1190d = 2565  2
100a + 2450d = 5130
3a + 1260 =513 ... [Dividing both sides by 10
42−9𝑑
3( ) + 126d = 513 ...[From (i)
2
126−27𝑑+252𝑑
= 513
2
126 +225d = 1026
225d = 1026 - 126 = 900
900
 d = 225 = 4
Putting the value of d in (i), we get
42−9(4) 42−36 6
a= = =2=3
2 2

A.P. is a, a + d, a +2d, a +3d, ...

3, 7, 11, 15, ...
 Chapter 6
Triangles

1. In ADE and ABC,

DAE = BAC … Common
ADE - ABC … [Corresponding angles
ADE - ABC … [AA corollary
𝐴𝐸 𝐷𝐸
 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶 … [In  s corresponding sides are proportional
8 𝐷𝐸
=
8+2 6
10 DE = 48  DE = 4.8 cm

2. In ABL, CD ∥ LA
𝐵𝐷 𝐵𝐶
= 𝐶𝐿 …(i) [Thale’s theorem
𝐷𝐴
In ABC, DE ∥ AC
𝐵𝐷 𝐵𝐸
= 𝐸𝐶 …(ii) [Thale’s theorem
𝐷𝐴
From (i) and (ii), we get
𝐵𝐶 𝐵𝐸 𝐵𝐸+𝐸𝐶 𝐵𝐸
=  =
𝐶𝐿 𝐸𝐶 𝐶𝐿 𝐸𝐶
4+2 4
 =2 …[BE = 4 cm, EC = 2 cm (given)
𝐶𝐿
 2CL = 6  CL = 3 cm

3. Altitude of an equilateral ,
 √3
PX = Side 2
√3
PX = (QR) 2
√3
PX = 2(RX) 2
 PX2 = 3(RX)2 …[Squaring both sides

4. ADB  CDA …[If a perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of the right angle of
a rt.  tot eh hypotenuse then as on both sides of the ⊥ are similar to the whole D and to
each other
𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐷
 = …[∵ Sides are proportional
𝐴𝐷 𝐶𝐷
2
AD = BD, DC
AD2 = (2) (8) = 16  AD = 4 cm

5.

ABC  PQR …[Given

1 = 2 …[In  s corresponding angles are equal
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶
= 𝑄𝑅 = 𝑃𝑅
𝑃𝑄
…[In  s corresponding sides are proportional
In ABD and PQM,
𝐴𝐵 2𝐵𝐷
= 2𝑄𝑀 …[∵ AD and PM are medians
𝑃𝑄
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑄𝑀
1 = 2 …[∵ ABC  PQR (Given)
 ABD  PQM …[SAS
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐷
Hence = = …[In s corresponding sides are proportional
𝑃𝑄 𝑄𝑀 𝑃𝑀

6. Given: EB ⊥ AC, BG ⊥ AE and CF ⊥ AE.

To prove: (a) ABG - DCB,
𝐵𝐶 𝐵𝐸
(b) 𝐵𝐷 = 𝐵𝐴
Proof. (a) In ABG and DCB,
2 = 5 …[each 90o
6 = 4 …[corresponding angles
ABG  DCB …[By AA similarity
(Hence Proved)
 1 = 3 …(CPCT … [In  s, corresponding angels are equal
(b) In ABE and DBC,
 1 = 3 ….(proved above
ABE = 5 … [Each is 90o, EB ⊥ AC (Given)
ABE  DBC … [By AA similarity
𝐵𝐶 𝐵𝐸
= …[In  s, corresponding sides are proportional
𝐴𝐷 𝐵𝐴
𝐵𝐶 𝐵𝐸
 𝐵𝐷 = 𝐵𝐴 (Hence proved)

7.

In APB and DPC,

1 = 4 …[Each = 90o
2 = 3 …[Vertically opp. s
 APB  DPC …[AA corollary
𝐵𝑃 𝐴𝑃
 𝑃𝐶 = 𝑃𝐷 …[Sides are proportional
 AP  PC = BP  PD

8. Construction :
Draw CG ∥ DF
Proof: E divides
BC in 2 : 1
𝐵𝐸 2
=1 …(i)
𝐸𝐶

Proof :
BED = BDE …[Given
BD = BE …(ii)
…[Sides opposite to equal angles
In CBG, DE ∥ CG …[By construction
𝐵𝐷 𝐵𝐸
 𝐷𝐺 = 𝐸𝐶 …[Thales’ theorem
𝐵𝐷 𝐵𝐸 2
 𝐷𝐺 = 𝐸𝐶 = 1 …[From (i)
 𝐵𝐷 2
 𝐷𝐺 = 1
2DG = BD
2DG = BE …[From (ii)
1
 DG = 2BE …(iii)
In ADF, CG ∥ DF …[By construction
𝐴𝐺 𝐴𝐶
 𝐺𝐷 + 1 = 𝐶𝐹 + 1 …[Adding one on both sides
𝐴𝐺+𝐺𝐷 𝐴𝐶+𝐶𝐹
 =
𝐺𝐷 𝐶𝐹
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐹
 𝐺𝐷 = 𝐶𝐹  AF  GD = AD  CF
𝐵𝐸
 AF  = AD  CF …[From (iii)
2
 AF  BE = 2AD  CF (Hence proved)

9. Given : BL and CM are medians of ABC, right angled at A.

To prove : 4(BL2 + CM2) = 5 BC2
Proof : In ABC, BC2 = BA2 + CA2 …(i)
In BAL,
BL2 = BA2 + AL2 …[Pythagoras theorem
𝐶𝐴 2
BL2 = BA2 + ( 2 )
𝐶𝐴2
BL2 = BA2 + 4
 4BL2 = 4BA2 + CA2 …(ii)
Now, in MCA,
MC2 = CA2 + MA2 …[Pythagoras theorem
𝐵𝐴 2
MC2 = CA22 + ( 2 )
𝐵𝐴2
MC2 = CA2 + 4
4MC2 = 4CA2 + BA2
Adding (ii) and (iii), we get
4BL2 + 4MC2 = 4BA2 + CA2 + 4CA2 + BA2 … [From (ii) & (iii)
4(BL2 + MC2) = 5BA2 + 5CA2
4(BL2 + MC2) = 5(BA2 + CA2)
 4(BL2 + MC2) = 5BC2 …[Using (1)
Hence proved.
 Chapter - 7
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
1.

.
Using section formula,
2(5)+3(2) 2(2)+3(−5)
P =( , )
2+3 2+3
16 11
P =( 5 , 5 )  IV Quadrant

2. When the points are collinear,

x1(y2 - y3) + x2(y3 - y1) + x3(y1 - y2) = 0
x(-4 - (-5)) +(-3)(-5 - 2) + 7(2 - (-4)) = 0
x(1) + 21 + 42 = 0
x + 63 = 0  x = -63

3.

Let AC: CB = m : n = k : 1:
𝑚𝑥2 + 𝑛𝑥1 𝑚𝑦2 + 𝑛𝑦1
Coordinates of C =( , )
𝑚+𝑛 𝑚+𝑛
−𝑘+5 −4𝑘−6
= ( 𝑘+1 , ) ..(i)
𝑘+1
−𝑚+5
Point C, lies on y-axis  𝑚+1 = 0
 ⟹ -k +5 = 0 or k= 5
 Required ratio = k: 1 = 5: 1
From (i), required point C,
−5+5 −20−6 −26 −13
⟹ ( 5+1 , ) =(0, ) = (0, )
5+1 6 3

4. Suppose the line 3x + y -9 = 0 divides the line segment joining A(1,3) and B(2,7) in the
ratio k :1 at point C.
2𝑘+1 7𝑘+3
 Coordinates of C are ( 𝑘+1 , )
𝑘+1
But C lies on 3x + y - 9 = 0
2𝑘+1 7𝑘+3
 3( 𝑘+1 ) + -9=0
𝑘+1
6𝑘+3+7𝑘+3−9(𝑘+1)
 =0
𝑘+1
⟹ 6k +3 + 7k +3 - 9k - 9 =0
⟹ 4k - 3 = 0
⟹ 4k = 3 k = 8
So, the required ratio is 3 : 4 internally

5. Let A(3, 0), B(6, 0), C(x, y).

∆ABC is an equilateral
 AB = BC = AC
AB2 =BC2 =AC2 ...[Squaring throughout
(6 - 3)2 + (0 - 0)2 = (x - 6)2 + (1 - 0)2 = (x - 3)2 + (y - o)2
9 = x2 - 12x + 36 + y2 = x2 - 6x + 9 + y2

I II III
Taking I and III Taking II and III
9 = x2 - 6x + 9 + y2 x2 - 12x + 36 + y2
x2 + y2 - 6x = 0 = x2 - 6x + 9 + y2
y2 = 6x - x2 36 - 9 = -6x + 12x
9 9 27 = 6x
y2 = 6(2) - (2)2
...[From (i) 27 9
x= =2 ...(i)
6
54 81
=2 -4
 27
= 4
3√3
y=± 2

9 3√3 9 −3√3
 Third vertex, C(2 , ) or (2 , )
2 2

6.

𝑥1 +𝑥2 +𝑥3 𝑦1 +𝑦2 +𝑦3

Centroid = ( , )
3 3
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝑏+𝑐+𝑎
(0, 0) = ( , )
3 3
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
=0
3
a+b+c=0
If a + b + c = 0
then as we know
a3 + b3 + c3 - 3bc - (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ac)  a3 + b3 +c3 - 3abc = 0
... [Since a + b + c = 0
 a3 +b3 + c3 = 3abc ...(Hence proved)
 Chapter 8
Introduction to Trigonometry

1. tan  + cot  = 5 ..[Given

tan2 + cot2 + 2tan cot = 25 …[Squaring both sides
tan2 + cot2 + 2 = 25
 tan2 + cot2 = 23

2. sin  - cos  = 0 = sin  = cos 

sin 
 cos  = 1  tan  = 1   = 45o
Now, sin4 + cos4
= sin445o + cos445o
1 4 1 4 1 1 2 1
=( ) +( ) =4+4=4=2
√2 √2

𝑎 𝑃 𝑎
3. tan  = 𝑥  𝐵 = 𝑥

 P = ak, B = xk
In rt. ABC,
H2 = P2 + B2 …[By Pythagoras theorem
= a2k2 + x2k2 = k2(a2 + x2)
 H = 𝑘√𝑎2 + 𝑥 2
𝐵 𝑥𝑘 𝑥
 cos  = 𝐻 = 2 2
= √𝑎2
𝑘√𝑎 +𝑥 +𝑥 2

𝑠𝑖𝑛−2𝑠𝑖𝑛3 
5. L.H.S. = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3 −𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑠𝑖𝑛(1−2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 )
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑐𝑜𝑠2 −1)
𝑠𝑖𝑛(1−2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 )
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠[2(1−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 )−1] …[∵ cos2 = 1 – sin2
 𝑡𝑎𝑛(1−2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ) 𝑡𝑎𝑛(1−2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 )
= =
(2−2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 −1) (1−2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 )
= tan = R.H.S. ….(Hence proved)

𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛−𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠
6. L.H.S. = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛+𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠
− 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃−𝑏
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠 = …[Dividing num, and deno. by cos 
+ 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃+𝑏
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑎
𝑎( )−𝑏 𝑎
= 𝑏
𝑎 ….[∵ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝑏 … [Given
𝑎( )+𝑏
𝑏
𝑎2 𝑎 −𝑏2
2
𝑏
−𝑏
𝑏 𝑎2 −𝑏2
= 2 = 2 2 =
𝑎
+𝑏
𝑎 +𝑏 𝑎2 +𝑏2
𝑏 𝑏
= R.H.S.

𝑡𝑎𝑛+𝑠𝑒𝑐−1
7. L.H.S. = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−𝑠𝑒𝑐+1
𝑡𝑎𝑛+𝑠𝑒𝑐−(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 −𝑡𝑎𝑛2 )
= …[∵ sec2 - tan2 = 1
𝑡𝑎𝑛−𝑠𝑒𝑐+1
𝑡𝑎𝑛+𝑠𝑒𝑐−[(𝑠𝑒𝑐+𝑡𝑎𝑛)(𝑠𝑒𝑐−𝑡𝑎𝑛)]
= (𝑡𝑎𝑛−𝑠𝑒𝑐+1)
(𝑡𝑎𝑛+𝑠𝑒𝑐)[1−(𝑠𝑒𝑐−𝑡𝑎𝑛)]
= (𝑡𝑎𝑛−𝑠𝑒𝑐+1)
(𝑡𝑎𝑛+𝑠𝑒𝑐)(1−𝑠𝑒𝑐+𝑡𝑎𝑛)
=
1−𝑠𝑒𝑐+𝑡𝑎𝑛
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛
= sec + tan = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠
= R.H.S.

8.
L.H.S. = (1 + cotA + tanA) (sinA – cosA)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
= (1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴) (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴)
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝐴+𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴
=( ) (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴) …[Using a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2)
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝐴−𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝐴
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝐴
−
𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝐴
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 …[dividing Num. & Denom by sin3A. cos3A
𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝐴
𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝐴−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝐴
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝐴.𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝐴
= R.H.S. (Hence proved)

9.
𝑝2 −1
R.H.S. = 𝑝2+1
(𝑠𝑒𝑐+tan)2 −1
= (𝑠𝑒𝑐+tan)2+1
 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 +tan2 +2sectan−1
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 +tan2+2sectan+1
(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 −1)+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 +2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛
= …[∵ sec2 - 1 = tan2, sec2 = 1 + tan2
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 )+2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 +𝑡𝑎𝑛2 +2𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑡𝑎𝑛
= 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 +2𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑡𝑎𝑛
2𝑡𝑎𝑛2  +2 sec  𝑡𝑎𝑛
= 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 +2 sec  𝑡𝑎𝑛
2𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑡𝑎𝑛+𝑠𝑒𝑐) 𝑡𝑎𝑛
= =
2𝑠𝑒𝑐(𝑠𝑒𝑐+𝑡𝑎𝑛) 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑠𝑖𝑛

= 𝑐𝑜𝑠
1 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 = L.H.S. …(Hence proved)
𝑐𝑜𝑠

1 1
10. sin (A + B – C) = 2 cos(B + C – A) =
√2
sin (A + B – C) = sin 30 o
cos (B + C – A) = cos45o
(A + B + C) = 30o …(i) B + C – A = 45o …(ii)
A + B + C = 180 …(iii) …[Sum of all angles of a  = 180o
Solving (iii) & (i), Solving (iii) & (ii)
A + B + C = 180o A + B + C = 180o
 A  B C =  30o A  B  C =  45o
135
2C = 150o A = 2 = 67.5o
Putting the values of A and B in (ii), we get
67.5o + B + 75o = 180o
B = 180o – 67.5o – 75o = 37.5o
A = 67.5o, B = 37.5o and C = 75o
 Chapter 9
Application of Trigonometry

1. Let BC be the tower

and CD be the flagstaff.
𝐵𝐶
In rt. ABC, then 45o = 𝐴𝐵

𝐵𝐶
1 = 120
BC = 120 m …(i)
In rt. ABD,
𝐵𝐷
tan 60o = 𝐴𝐵
𝐵𝐷
√3 = 120
BD = 120√3 …(ii)
Height of the flagstaff,
CD = BD – BC
= 120√3 - 120
= 120(√3 – 1)
= 120(1.73 – 1)
= 120(0.73) = 87.6 m

2. Let AB be the light house and C and D be the two ships.

𝐴𝐵
In rt. ABC, tan 45o = 𝐵𝐶
 200
1= 𝐵𝐶
 BC = 200 m …(i)
In rt. ABD,
𝐴𝐵
tan 60o =
𝐵𝐷
200
 √3 = 𝐵𝐷
 √3𝐵𝐷 = 200
200 √3
BD = ×
√3 √3
200√3
BD = 3 𝑚 …. (ii)
The distance between the two ships,
 CD = BC + BD
200√3
= 200 + …[From (i) & (ii)
3
√3 3+1.73
= 200 (1 + 3 ) = 200 ( 3 )
4.73 946
= 200 ( )= = 315.3 m
3 3

4. BD = AB – AD = 6 – 2.54 = 3.46 m
𝐵𝐷
In rt., DBC, sin 60o = 𝐷𝐶
√3 3.46
=
2 𝐷𝐶
√3DC = 3.46  2
6.92 6.92
 Length of the ladder, DC = = 1.73
√3
DC = 4 m

5. Let AB be the height of the light house, D and C are two ships and DC = 200 m
Let BC = x m, AB = h m
In rt. ABC,

𝐴𝐵
tan 45o =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
1=𝑥 …(i)
 𝐴𝐵
In rt. ABD, tan 30o = 𝐵𝐷
1 ℎ
= 𝑥+200
√3
√3 h = x + 200
√3 h = h + 200 …[From (i)
√3 h - h = 200
(√3 - 1)h = 200
200 √3+1 200(1.73+1)
ℎ= × = = 100(2.73)
√3−1 √3+1 3−1
….[∵ √3 = 1.73
h = 273 m
 Height of the light house = 273 m

6. In ABC

𝐵𝐶
tan 30o = 𝐴𝐵
ℎ
= tan 30o
𝑥
1
=
√3
 x = √3ℎ …(i)
In ABD,
𝐵𝐷
= tan 60o
𝐴𝐵
20+20+ℎ 40+ℎ
= √3 =
𝑥 𝑥
40+ℎ
𝑥=
√3
40+ℎ
 √3ℎ = …[From (i)
√3
 3h = 40 + h  h = 20 m
Putting the value of h in equation (i),
 x = 20√3 m
Using pythagoras theorem,
𝐴𝐶 = √(ℎ)2 + (𝑥)2

 AC = √(20)2 + (20√3)2 = 40m

Distance of the cloud from A = 40 m

7. Let A be the point on the ground and C be the aeroplane.

In rt. ABC,
 𝐵𝐶
tan 60o = 𝐴𝐵
300√3
√3 = 𝐴𝐵
 √3AB = 3000√3
AB = 3000 m
𝐷𝐸
In rt. ADE, tan 30o = 𝐴𝐷
1 3000√3
=
√3 𝐴𝐷
AD = 3000  3 = 9000 m
CE = BD
BD = AD – AB
= 9,000 – 3,000 = 6,000 m
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 6000
 Speed = 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 30
= 200 meter/sec.
200
= 1000 × 3600
= 720 km/hr.

8. Let BC be the tree

𝐵𝐶
In rt. ABC, tan 45o = 𝐴𝐵
1 80
 = 𝑥+𝑦
√3
 x + y = 80√3
 x + 80 = 80√3 …[From (i)
 x = 80√3 – 80
 x = 80(√3 – 1)
 x = 80(1.732 – 1) …[∵ √3 = 1.732
 CE, x = 58.56 m
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Hence, speed of bird = 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
 𝐶𝐸 58.5𝑚
= 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 2𝑠𝑒𝑐
= 29.28 m/sec.

9.

Let PH be the pillar, Let the distance from the hole to the place where snake is caught
=xm
Let P be the top of the pillar and S be the point where the snake is
 SC = (27 – x) m
SC = PC = (27 – x)m …[∵ Their speeds are equal
In rt. PHC
PH2 + CH2 = PC2 …[Pythagoras theorem
9 + x = (27 – x)
2 2 2

81 + x2 = 729 – 54x + x2
54x = 729 – 81 = 648
648
𝑥 = 54 = 12 m
Hence, required distance, x = 12 m
 Chapter 10
Circle

1. ACB = 90o …[Angle in the semi circle

In ABC,
CAB + ACB + CBA = 180o
30 + 90 + CBA = 180o
CBA = 180o – 30o – 90o = 60o
PCA = CBA …[Angle in the alternate segment
 PCA = 60 o

2. EA = EC ..(i) …[Triangle drawn from an external point are equal

EB = ED …(ii)
EA + EB = EC + ED …[Adding (i) & (ii)
 AB = CD (hence proved)

3.

1 = 2
1 + 2 + APB = 180o
1 + 1 + 60o = 180o
21 = 180o – 60o = 120o
120𝑜
1 = = 60o
2
 1 + OAB = 90o
60o + OAB = 90o
OAB = 90o – 60o = 30o

4. Perimeter of EDF
= 2(EK) = 2(9) = 18 cm

5. Const.: Join AO, OB, CO

Proof : area of ABC
1
= 2  AB  AC

1
= 2 6  8
= 24 sq. cm. (i)
Again ar ABC
= ar(AOB) + ar(BOC) + ar(AOC)
1 1 1
= 2  r  AB + 2  r  BC + 2  r  AC …[∵ OD = OE = OF = r
1
= 2 r[AB + BC + AC]
1
= 2 r[6 + 10 + 8]
1
= 2 r  24 = 12r sq. cm. (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get 12r = 24
 r = 2 cm

6. Const. Join OR
Proof. 1 = 2 = 90o … [Tangent is ⊥ to the radius through the point of contact
3 = 90o …[Given

 ORDS is s square.
DR = OS = 10 cm. (i)
BP = BQ = 27 cm …[Tangents drawn from an external point
  CQ = 38 – 2 = 11 cm
RC = CO = 11 cm …[Tangents drawn from an external point
DC = DR + RC = 10 + 11 = 21 cm. …[From (i) & (ii)

1 58𝑜
7. ABQ = 2AOQ = = 29o
2
BAT = 90o …[Tangent is ⊥ to the radius through the point of contact

8. Given : Two equal circles, with centres O and O’, touch each other at point X. OO’ is
produced to meet the circle with centre (at A. AC is tangent to the circle with centre O, at
the point C. O’D is perpendicular to AC.
𝐷𝑂′
To find : 𝐶𝑂
Proof: ACO = 90o …[Tangent is ⊥ to the radius through the point of contact
In AO’D and AOC
O’AD = OAC …(Common
 ADO = ACO …(Each 90o
 AO’D AOC … (AA similarity
𝐴𝑂′ 𝐷𝑂 ′
= …[In  As corresponding sides are proportional
𝐴𝑂 𝐶𝑂
𝑟 𝐷𝑂 ′
= …[Let AO' = O’X = OX = r  r + r + r = 3r
3𝑟 𝐶𝑂
𝐷𝑂′ 1
 𝐶𝑂
=3

9. PQ is the chord of the circle and PT is tangent

OPT = 90o …[Tangent is l to the radius through the point of contact
Now QPT = 60 o
…[Given
OPQ = OPT - QPT
 OPQ = 90o – 60o = 30o
In OPQ, OP = OQ
OQP = OPQ = 30o …[ In a , equal sides have equal s opp. Them
Now, OQP + OPQ + POQ = 180o
 POQ = 120o …[POQ = 180o – (30o + 30o)
 Reflex POQ = 360o – 120o – 240o …[We know that the angle subtended by an
arc at the centre of a circle is twice the angel subtended by it any point on the remaining
part of the circle
 Reflex POQ = 2PRO
 240o = 2PRQ
240𝑜
 PRQ = = 120o.
2
 Chapter 12
Areas Related to Circle

360𝑜
1. Here  = 60 𝑚 × 5𝑚 = 30𝑜 …[∵ 1 hour = 60 minutes
r(radius) = 14 cm
𝜃
 Required area = 360 𝜋𝑟 2
30 22
= 360 × × 14 × 14
7
154
= cm2 or 51.3 cm2
3

2.

7
Here 𝑟 = 2 cm, L = 14 cm, B = 7 cm
Area of the remaining card board
= ar(rectangle) – 2(area of circle)
= L  B - 2r2
22 7 7
= 14  7 – 2  7 × 22 × 22
= 98 – 77 = 21 cm2

3. ACB = 90o ...[Angle in a semi-circle

 AC + BC = AB
2 2 2
…[Pythagoras theorem
(12)2 + (BC)2 = (13)2
144 + BC2 = 169
BC2 = 169 – 144 = 25
BC = +5 cm
𝐴𝐵 13
 Radius, r = OA = OB = 2 = 2 cm
Area of shaded region
 = Area (semi-circle) – Area (ACB)
1 1
= 2 𝜋𝑟 2 − 2  base  cores, altitude
1 13 2 1
= 2 × 3.14 × ( 2 ) × 5 × 12
2
3.14×169
= − 30
8
= 66.33 – 30
= 36.33 cm2
28
4. R(Radius) = OA = = 14 cm
2
𝑂𝐴 14
r(radius) = 2 = 2 = 7 cm
Perimeter of the shaded region
r + r + r  (R + r + r)
22
= 7 (14 + 7 + 7)
22
= × 28 = 88 cm
7

5. Area of sector with radius 7 cm

30 49𝜋
=   7  7  360 = 12
Area of sector with radius 3.5 cm
7 7 30 49𝜋
=𝜋× × × =
2 2 360 48
 Area of shaded region
49𝜋 49𝜋 196𝜋−49𝜋
= 12 − 48 = 48
147𝜋 147 22 77
= = × = = 9.625 sq. cm.
48 48 7 8

6.

𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒 14
Radius of circle, 𝑟 = 2 = 2 = 7 cm
Since the radius of all the semi circles is same
Area of 4 semi circles, AOB + DOC + AOD + BOC
1
= 4 [2 𝜋𝑟 2 ]
1 22
= 4 [2 × 7 × 7 × 7] = 308 cm2
Area of square, ABCD = (Side)2
= 14  14 = 196 cm2
Area of shaded region
= 2(Area of square) – 4(Area of semicircle)
= 2  196 – 308 = 392 – 308 = 84 cm2
7. Here, r = 7/2 cm, R = 7 cm

Area (I) = r2

22 7 7
= 7 ×2×2
77
= = 38.5 cm2
2
Area (II) = ar(semi-circle) – ar(DAC)
1 1
= 2 𝜋𝑅 2 − (2 × 𝐶𝐷 × 𝑂𝐴)
1 22 1
= 2 × 7 × 7 × 7 − (2 × 14 × 7)
= 77 – 49 = 28 cm2
 Required shaded area = 38.5 + 28 = 66.5 cm2

8. Area of 4 quadrants (a circle)

1
= 4  4(1)2
=  sq.cm
Area of the square = (4)2 sq. cm = 16 sq. cm
Area of the circle at the centre = (r)2 = (1)2
=  sq. cm
 Area of shaded portion
= Area of square – 2(Area of circle)
= 16 – (11 + r) sq. cm.
22
= 16 - 2 = 16 - 2( 7 )
44 112−44
= 16 – =
7 7
68 5
= = 9 7 sq. cm.
7

9. PO = 42 m …[Given
PS = QR …[∵ radius of square
OR = OP …[Radius of circle
Let OR be the radius of circle = x
So, PR = OR + OP = 2x
Using Pythagoras theorem,
 (PR)2 = (RQ)2 + (PQ)2
 (2x)2 = (42)2 + (42)2
 4x2 = 3528  x2 = 882
 x = √882  x = 21√2 m
Area of one flower bed =
Area of segment of circle with centre angle 90o.
 𝜃 1
= 360 𝜋𝑟 2 − 2 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
90 22 1
= 360 × 7 × 21√2 × 21√2 − 2 × 21√2 × 21√2 × sin 90𝑜
= 693 – 441 = 252 m2
 Area of two flower beds = 2  252 = 504 m2

10. Let the side of big square = A = 14 cm

Let the radius of circle,

𝑑 4 14
𝑟 = 2 = 2 = 2 cm …[∵ 𝑑 = 2 − 3 = 4
Let the side of small square
14
a = 4 cm …[∵ 𝑑 = 2 − 3 = 4
Area of square ABCD = (Side)2 = (A)2
= (14)2 = 196 cm2
Area of small square PQRS = (a)2 = (4)2 = 16 cm2
1
Area of 4 semicircle = 4 × 2 𝜋𝑟 2
= [4  1/2  3.14(2)2] cm2
= 25.12 cm2
 Required area = (Area of big square – Area of small square – Ar. of 4 semicircle)
= (196 – 16 – 25.12) cm2
= 154.88 cm2
 Chapter 13
Surface Areas & Volumes

1. Volume of hemisphere = Surface area of hemisphere …[Given

2 1
𝜋𝑟 3 = 2𝜋𝑟 2  3 𝑟 = 1
3
r=3
 Diameter of hemisphere = 27 = 2(3) = 6 cm

3. Volume of cylinder = volume of Sphere

4
R2h = 3 r3
4 36 18
(18)2h = 3  (9)3 …[R = = 18 cm; r = = 9 cm
2 2
4 9×9×9
 ℎ = 3 × 18×18 = 3 cm

4. Let l be the slant height of cone

h be the height of cone = 2.8 cm
4.2
r be the radius of cone = 2 m = 2.1 m

H be height of cylinder = 4 m
Using Pythagoras theorem
Slant height (l) = √ℎ2 + 𝑟 2
= √(2. 8)2 + (2.1)2
= √7.84 + 4.41 = √12.25 = 3.5 m
Areas of canvas (1 tent)
= Area of cone + Area of cylinder
= rl + 2rH
22
= 7 × 2.1(3.5 + 2 × 4)
 46.2
= × (11.5)
7
= 6.6  11.5 = 75.9 m2
Areas of 100 tens = 75.9 m2  100 = 7,590 m2
Cost of 100 tents = 7,590  Rs.100 = Rs. 7,59,000
 Associates have to pay 50% of the cost
50
= Rs. 7,59,000  100 = Rs.3,79,500

1.4 7
5. Radius of a marble, 𝑟 = = 10 cm,
2
7
Radius of cylinder, R = 2 = 3.5 cm
7
No. of cylinder, R = 2 = 3.5 cm
𝑉𝑜𝑙.𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟
No. of spherical marbles = 𝑉𝑜𝑙.𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑙𝑒 (𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒)
7 7
𝜋( × ×ℎ) 4
150 = 4
2 2
7 7 7 …[Vol. of cylinder = r2h, Vol. of sphere = 3 r3
×𝜋× × ×
3 10 10 10
7 7 4 7 7 7
 2 × 2 × ℎ = 150 × 3 × 10 × 10 × 10
50×2×2×4×7 56
ℎ= = 10 cm
10×10×10
56
 Rise in water level, ℎ = 10 = 5.6 cm

6.

14
𝑟 = 2 = 7 cm
Inner surface area of the vessel = C.S. area of Hemi sphere + C.S. area of Cylinder
= 2r2 + 2rh = 2r(r + h) … C.S. area = curved surface area
22
= 2   77 + 6 = 44  3 = 572 cm2
4

7. Total surface area of the block

= Total surface area of cube + C.S. Area of hemisphere – Area of circle
= 6(side)2 + 2r2 - r2
= 6(side)2 + r2
22 7 7 3.5 7
= 6(6)2 + 7 × 4 × 4 …[∵ Side of cube = 6 cm, Radius of hemisphere = 2 = 4 cm
77
= 216 + = 216 + 9.625 = 225.625 cm2
8

8.
 Let height of water in cylindrical vessel = h cm
3
Vol. of water (in cyl.) = 4 Vol. of water (in one)
1
…[∵ Volume of cone = 3 r2h, Volume of cylinder = r2h
3 1
 (10)2h = 4 [3 𝜋(5)2 24]
1
 100h = 4 × 25 × 24
25×24
 ℎ = 4×100 = 1.5 cm
Hence, height of water in cylindrical vessel, h = 1.5 cm

9. Speed of water = 4 km/hr

10 2
Canal, l = 4  60 = 3 km
2000
= 3 m (in 10 mins.)
Width, b = 6 m, h = 1.5 m
𝑉𝑜𝑙.𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑠 𝑖𝑛 10 𝑚𝑖𝑛.𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙 (𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑑)
Required area = 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
2000
×6×1.5
3
= 8
100
2000 15 100
= × 6 × 10 × = 7500 m2
3 8
75000
= 10000 hectare …[∵ 10000 m2 = 1 hec.
= 7.5 hectare

10. H = 15 km = 15000 m (1 km = 1000 m)

14 7
Radius of pipe (t) = 2 = 7 cm = 100 m
Volume of pipe (cylinder) = r2H
 Volume of water flowing through the cylindrical pipe in an hour at the rate of 15
km/hr.
22 7 7
= 7 × 10 × 100 × 15000 = 231 m3
 Volume of cuboid (tank) = lbh
21 23
= 50  44  100 …[h = 21 cm = 100 m
= 462 m3
Since 231 m3 of water falls into tank in 1 hr.
1
 462 m3 of water falls into tank in = 231 × 462 = 2 hours

11. Let h be the height of well and r be the radius of well.

𝑑 4
h = 14 m, r = 2 = 2 = 2 m
Volume of earth taken out after digging the well = r2h
22
= ( 7 × 2 × 2 × 14) m3 = 176 m3 …(i)
Let x be the width of embankment formed by using (i)
 Total width of well including embankment (R) = 2 + x
40
Height of embankment (H) = 40 cm = 100 m
Volume of well = volume of embankment
So, volume of embankment = T(R2 – r2)H = 176 …[From (i)
22 40
 7 [(2 + 𝑥)2 − (2)2 ] × 100 = 176
22 40
 [4 + 4𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 4] × = 176
7 100
22 40
 [4𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ] × = 176
7 100
44
 35 [𝑥 2 + 4𝑥] = 176 = 44𝑥 2 + 176𝑥 = 6160
 44(x2 + 4x – 140) = 0
 x2 + 4x – 140 = 0
 x2 + 14x – 10x – 140 = 0
 x(x + 14) – 10(x + 14) = 0
 (x +14) (x – 10) =0
 x + 14 = 0 or x – 10 = 0
 x = -14 (Reject) or x = 10
Therefore, width of embankment = 10 m
 Chapter 14
STATISTICS

1. New median = 21 + 5 = 26

2. Mode = 3(Median) – 2(Mean)

35.3 = 3(Median) – 2(30.5)
35.3 = 3(Median) = 61
96.3 = 3 Median
96.3
Median = 3 = 32.1

3.

Marks Obtained No. of Students c.f.

(Frequency)
More than 0 5 40
More than 20 9 35
More than 40 12 26
More than 60 8 14
More than 80 6 6
Total 40

4.
Class (C.I.) Frequency (fi) xi fixi
0-20 15 10 150
20-40 f1 30 30f1
40-60 21 50 1050
 60-80 f2 70 70f2
80-100 17 90 1530
53 + f1 + f2 = 100 2730 + 30f1 + 70f2

53 +f1 + f2 = 100 …[Given

 f1 + f2 = 100 – 53 = 47
 f2 = 47 – f1 …(i)
∑𝑓 𝑥
 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = ∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝑖 = 53 …[Given
𝑖
2730+30𝑓1 +70𝑓2
 100
 2730 +30f1 + 70f2 = 5300
 30f1 + 70f2 = 5300 – 2730 = 2570
 3f1 + 7f2 = 257 …[Dividing by 10
 3f1 + 7(47 – f1) = 257 [From (i)
 3f1 + 329 – 7f1 = 257
 4f1 = 257 – 329 = -72
−72
 f1 = −4 = 18
Putting the value of f1 in (i), we get
f2 = 47 – f1
 f2 = 47 – 18 = 29
 f1 = 18, f2 = 29

5.

Class Frequency Xi fiXi c.f.

(fi)
0-4 3 2 6 3
4-8 4 6 30 c.f. = 8
8-12 f=9 10 90 17
12-16 5 14 70 22
16-20 3 18 54 25
∑ 𝑓𝑖 = 25 ∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝑋𝑖 = 250

∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑋𝑖 250
Mean (𝑋̅) = ∑ 𝑓𝑖
= = 10
25
𝑛 25
= = 12.5
2 2
 Median class is 8 – 12.
𝑛
−𝑐.𝑓.
Median = 𝑙 + 2
×ℎ …[Here l = 8, h = 4, c.f. = 8, f = 9
𝑓
12.5−8 4.5
=8+ 9 ×4=8+ ×4
9
Median = 8 + 2 = 10.

6.
 Class f c.f.
0-10 5 5
10-20 x 5+x
20-30 6 11 + x
30-40 y 11 + x + y
40-50 6 17 + x + y
50-60 5 22 + x + y
Total 40

 x + y + 22 = 40
x + y = 40 – 22 = 18
y = 18 – x …(i)
𝑛 40
= 2 = 20
2
Median is 31 …[Given
 Median class is 30 – 40
𝑛
( −𝑐.𝑓.)
2
Median = 𝑙 + ( × ℎ)
𝑓
20−(11+𝑥)
31 = 30 + ( × 10)
𝑦
(20−11−𝑥)
31 – 30 = × 10 …[From (i)
18−𝑥
 18 – x = (9 – x)10
 18 – x = 90 -10x
 -x + 10x = 90 – 18
 9x = 72
x=8
Putting the value of x in (i), we have
y = 18 – 8 = 10
 x = 8, y = 10
 Chapter 15
Probability

1. S = {bbb, bbg, ggb, ggg}

At-least 1 boy = {bbb, bbg, ggb}
3
 P(at-least 1 boy) = 4

2. (-3)2 = 9; (-2)2 = 4; (-1)2 = 1; (0)2 = 0

(1)2 = 1; (2)2 = 4; (3)2 = 9
3
 P(Sq. of nos of  1) = 7

3. S = 52
P(neither a red card nor a queen)
= 1 – P(red card or a queen)
26+4−2
= 1 − ( 52 ) …[Red cards = 26, Queen = 4, Red queen = 2
28 24 6
= 1 − 52 = 52 = 13

4. Total numbers = 8
(i) “Odd numbers” are 1, 3, 5, 7, i.e. 4
4 1
 P(an odd number) = 8 = 2
(ii) “nos. greater than 3” are 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, i.e. 5
5
 P(a number > 3) = 8
(iii) “numbers less than 9” are 1, 2, 3, …8 i.e., 8
 8
 P(a number < 9) = 8 = 1

5.
Good Minor Major Total
defects defects
88 + 8 + 4 = 100

No. of good shirts = 88

(i) P(Ramesh buys a shirt)
88 22
= P(good shirts) = 100 = 25
(ii) No. of shirts without major defect = 96
P(Kewal buys a shirt)
= P(shirts without major defect)
88+8 96 24
= 100 = 100 = 25

6. Two dice can be thrown as 6  6 = 36 ways

(i) The probability of number on each die is even are

(2, 2) (2, 4) (2, 6)

(4, 2) (4, 4) (4, 6) i.e., 9 ways
(6, 2) (6, 4) (6, 6)
9 1
 P(no. on each die is even) = 36 = 4
(ii) “Sum is 5” can be obtained as
(2, 3), (3, 2), (1, 4), (4, 1), i.e., 4 ways
4 1
 P(Sum 5) = 36 = 9

7. Let the number of black balls = x

The number of white balls = 15
 Total number of balls = x + 15
P(black ball) = 3P(White balls)
𝑥 15
= 3 (𝑥+15)
𝑥+15
𝑥 45
= 𝑥+15 …[∵ x + 15  0
𝑥+15
Hence, the number of black balls = 45.
1 1
8. P(Red) = 4, P(blue) = 3
As we know, Total Probability = 1
1 1 5
 P(orange) = 1 − 4 − 3 = 12
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠
 P(orange) =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠
5 10
 12 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠
 10×12
 Total no. of balls = = 24
5

9. Total number of possible outcomes = 21 = 23 = 8

(HHH, TIT, HHT, THH, THT, HTH, TTH, HTT)
(i) Possible outcomes of at least two heads = 4
(HHT, THH, HHH, HTH)
4 1
 P(at least two heads) = 8 = 2
(ii) Possible outcomes of a most two heads = 7
(HHT, TTT, THH, THT, HTH, TTH, HTT)
7
 P(at most two heads) =
8

10. Two dice can be thrown in (6  6) = 36 ways

(1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1, 6)

(2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 4) (2, 5) (2, 6)
(3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) (3, 6)
S= (4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 4) (4, 5) (4, 6)
(5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) (5, 6)
(6, 1) (6, 2) (6, 3) (6, 4) (6, 5) (6, 6)

(i) Sum less than ‘6’ are (1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4), (2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (3, 1) (3, 2) (4, 1) i.e.
10 ways
10 5
 P(sum < 6) = 36 = 18
(ii) Product less than ‘16’ are (1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1, 6) (2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 4)
(2, 5) (2, 6) (3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) (4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (6, 1) (6, 2)
i.e. 25 ways
25
P(product less than 16) = 36
(iii) (1, 1) (3, 3) (5, 5) i.e. 3 ways
3 1
 P(doublet of odd nos.) = 36 = 12

11. In a leap year, total number of days = 366

 366 days
= 52 complete weeks + 2 extra days
Thus, a leap year always has 52 Mondays and extra 2 days.
Extra 2 days can be.
 (i) Sunday and Monday
(ii) Monday and Tuesday
(iii) Tuesday and Wednesday
(iv) Wednesday and Thursday
(v) Friday and Saturday
(vi) Saturday and Sunday
Let E be the event that a leap year has 53 Mondays.
 E = {Sun and Mon, Mon and Tues}
2
P(E) = 7

12. P(guessing) + P(guessing wrong) = 1

𝑥 3
+4=1
12
𝑥 3 4−3
=1−4=
12 4
𝑥 1 12
=4 𝑥= 4 =3
12
P (he copies) + P(he doesn’t copy) = 1
2 2𝑦
+ 3 =1
6
2𝑦 2 6−2
= 1−6=
3 6
2𝑦 4 4×3
 =6  𝑦 = 6×2 = 1
3
y=1
 Topic Test:
Batch: 10 CBSE MATH
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Sample paper Solution

SECTION A

Answer 1 (a) Mean

Answer : 2 (c) 512

Answer 3 (d) 2, 3, 4
Explanation : Reason: Let three numbers be a – d , a, a + d
a–d+a+a+d=9
 3a = 9
a=3
Also (a – d), a, (a + d) = 24
 (3 – d), 3(3 + d) = 24
 9 – d2 = 8
 d2 = 9 – 8 = 1
d =  1
Hence numbers are 2, 3, 4 or 4, 3, 2

Answer 4 (c) Maximum frequent value

1
Answer 5 (a)
26
Explanation: Reason: total cards = 52
Total events (S) = 52
a kind of red colour = 2
2 1
P(a king of red colour) = =
52 26

Answer 6 : (d) 55o

Answer : 7 (c) 0
∵ cos 90o = 0
 cos 0o cos 1o …. cos 90o = 0

Solution 8 :
𝑎 𝑃 𝑎
tan 𝜃 =  =
𝑥 𝐵 𝑥
 Topic Test:
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 P = ak, B = xk
In rt. ABC,
H2 = P2 + B2 …[By Pythagoras theorem]

= a2k2 + x2k2 = k2(a2 + x2)

 H = 𝑘√𝑎2 + 𝑥 2
𝐵 𝑥𝑘 𝑥
 cos  = 𝐻 = 2 2
= 2 2
𝑘√𝑎 +𝑘 √𝑎 +𝑥

Answer 9 : (c) 4
d = a2 – a1 = [3 + 4(2)] – [3 + 4(1)]
= 11 – 7 = 4
Trick : If an = Pn + q then common difference = P

Answer 10 :
√3 sin  = cos  …. [Given]
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1
 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 3
√
tan  = tan 30o   = 30o
3𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃+2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃(3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃+2)
Now, 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃+2
= (3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃+2)
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
√3
 cos 30𝑜 = 2

Answer 11 : (d) 28 cm

Answer 12 : (a) 2a = b
Explanation : Reason : Area of PBC = 0
1
 2[1(0 – b) + 0(6 – 1) + a(2 – 0)] = 0
1
 2 [-6 + 2a] = 0
 -b + 2a = 0
 2a = b

Answer 13 : (a) 1
Any prime number greater than 3 is of the form 6k  1, where k is a natural number and (6k  1)2 = 36k2  12k + 1 =
6k(6k  2) + 1
Thus, the remainder is 1.
 Topic Test:
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Answer 14 : (a) Mean

Answer 15 : (c) 6, -6
Given: 16x2 + 4kx + 9 = 0
To find: the values of k for which the quadratic equation 16x2 + 4kx = 9 = 0 has real and equal roots.
Solution : To have real and equal roots d = 0 where d = b2 – 4ac
 b2 – 4ac = 0 Compare with the general equation of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, a  0
Here a = 16, b = 4k and c = 9
 b2 – 4ac = (4k)2 – 4  16 9 = 0
 16k2 – 576 = 0
 k2 = 576/16
 k = 24/4
k = 6

Answer 16 : (b) 18 sq. units

1
Area = 2(6)  6 = 18 sq. units

Answer 17 : (c) 9/2

We know that basic proportionality theorem states that if a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to
intersect the other two sides in distinct points, then the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
Then =
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶
2 3
 3
= 𝐸𝐶
3(3)
 𝐸𝐶 = 2
 EC = 9/2 cm

Answer 18 : (b) 30o

Given : TQP = 60o
Property 1 : if two tangents are drawn to a circle from one external point, then their tangent segments (lines joining the
external point and the points of tangency on circle) are equal.
Property 2 : The tangent at a point on a circle is at right angles to the radius obtained by joining centre and the point of
tangency.
By property 1,
TP = TQ (tangent from T)
 TPQ = TQP = 60o
By property 2, OPT is right angled at OPT (i.e., OPT = 90o) and OQT is right angled at OQT (i.e., OQT = 90o)
Now OPQ = OPT - TPQ
 OPQ = 90o – 60o
 OPQ = 30o
Hence, OPQ = 30o
 Topic Test:
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Answer 19 (d) : 16, 8

Given in figures 𝑅𝑆 ∥ 𝐷𝐵 ∥ 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑃𝐷 = 11 𝑐𝑚 and DR = RA = 3 cm
In ASR and ABD,
ASR = ABD [corresponding angles]
ARS = ADB [corresponding angles]
A = A [common]
We know that AAA similarity criterion states that in two triangles, if corresponding angles are equal, then their
corresponding sides are in the same ratio and hence the two triangles are similar.

 ASR  ABD
We know that two triangles are similar if their corresponding sides are proportional.
𝐴𝑅 𝐴𝑆 𝑅𝑆
 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐷𝐵
3 𝑅𝑆
 6 = 𝐷𝐵
1 𝑥
 =
2 𝑦
 x = 2y
 x = 16 cm, and y = 8 cm

3+√5 3−√5
Answer 20 : (c) 2
, 2
1
Explanation : Reason : We have 𝑥 + = 3
𝑥
𝑥 2 +1
 =3
𝑥
 x + 1 = 3x
2

On comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0

 a = 1, b = -3, c = 1
 D = b2 – 4ac = (-3)2 – 4  (1)  (1) = 9 – 4 = 5
−𝑏±√𝐷 −(−3)±√5 3±√5
𝑥= 2𝑎
= 2
= 2

Answer 21 :
1
cos (A + B) = 0 sin (A – B) = 2
 cos(A + B) = cos 90o sin (A – B) = sin 30o
A + B = 90 o
A – B = 30o
30o + B + B = 90o  A = 30o + B ….(i)
2B = 60o  B = 30o
Putting the value of B in (i), we get
 A = 30o + 30o = 60o
 A = 60o, B = 30o
 cosec (2A – B) = cosec (120o – 30o) = cosec (90o) = 1
Or
Solution :
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𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+1+𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−1 2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴
LHS = (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+1)(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−1) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴−1)
[∵(a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2 sec2 A – 1 = tan2 A]
2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴 2.1𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝐴 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴
 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴.𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 [∵ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝐴]
 2cosecAcotA
 L.H.S. = R.H.S. Hence proved

Solution 22 (i)
Radius OS = 6 cm
Diameter PS = 12 cm
∵ PQ, QR and RS, three parts of the diameter are equal.
 PQ = QR = RS = 4 cm and QS = 2 4 = 8 cm
 Required perimeter
̂ + arc 𝑄𝑆
= arc 𝑃𝑆 ̂ + arc 𝑃𝑄
̂
=   6 +  4 +   2
= 6 + 4 + 2 = 12 cm
Or

Solution : 22 (ii)

7
Here 𝑟 = cm, L = 14 cm, B = 7 cm
2
Area of the remaining card board
= ar(rectangle) – 2(area of circle)
= L  B - 2r2
22 7 7
= 14  7 – 2  7 × 2 × 2
= 98 – 77 = 21 cm2

Solution 23 :
Suppose the line x – y – 2 = 0 divides the line segment joining A(3, -1) and B(8, 9) in the ratio K : 1 at point P.
Then the coordinates of P are
8𝑘+3 9𝑘−1
( 𝑘+1 , 𝑘+1 )
But P lies on x – y – 2 = 0
8𝑘+3 9𝑘−1
 𝑘+1 − 𝑘+1 − 2 = 0
8𝑘+3 9𝑘−1
 𝑘+1
− 𝑘+1 − 2 =0
8𝑘+3−9𝑘+1
 =2
𝑘+1
 Topic Test:
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 -k + 4 = 2k + 2
 -k – 2k = 2 – 4
2
 -3k = -5  𝑘 = 3
So, the required ratio is 2 : 3

Solution 24 :
The required number when the divides 615 and 963
Leaves remainder 616 is means 615 – 6 = 609 and 963 – 957 are completely divisible by the number
 the required number
= HCF of 609 and 957
By applying Euclid’s division lemma
957 = 609  1 + 348
609 = 348  1 + 261
348 = 261  1 + 87
261 = 87  370
HCF = 87
Hence the required number is ‘87’

Solution 25 :
ACB = 90o …. [Angle is the semi circle
In ABC,
CAB + ACB + CBA = 180o
30 + 90o + CBA = 180o
CBA = 180o – 30o – 90o = 60o
PCA = CBA …. [Angle in the alternate segment
 PCA = 60 o

Solution 26 :
𝑝2 −1
R.H.S. = 𝑝2 +1
(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)2 −1
= (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)2 +1
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃+2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃−1
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃+2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃+1
(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃−1)+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃+2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃−1
= (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃−1)+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃+2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃−1
(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃−1)+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃+2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃+(1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃)+2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 …. [∵ sec2 - 1 = tan2, sec2 = 1 + tan2
2𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃+2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
= 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃+2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃+𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃) 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
= 2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = L.H.S. (Hence proved)
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
 Topic Test:
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Solution 27 (i) :
Given circles with centres O and O’
O’D ⊥ AC. Let radius = r
O’A = O’X = OX = r
In triangles, AO’D and AOC
A = A [common angle]
ADO’ = ACO = 90o [O’D ⊥ AC and at point of contact C, radius ⊥ tangent]
By A . A similarity AO’D  AOC
When two triangles are similar then their corresponding sides will be in proportion
𝐴𝑂′ 𝐷𝑂 ′ 𝐷𝑂 ′ 𝑟 𝑟 1
𝐴𝑂
=
𝐶𝑂
 𝐶𝑂
=
𝑟+𝑟+𝑟
=
3𝑟
=
3
𝐷𝑂 ′ 1
 𝐶𝑂 = 3

Solution 27 (ii) :
O is Centre of circle
PA and PB are tangents
We know that
The tangents drawn from external point to the circle are equal in length.
From point P, PA = PB
 PL + AL = PN + NB ….(i)
From point L & N, AL = LM and MN = NB} ….. Substitute in (i)
PL + LM = PN + MN
 Hence proved.

Solution 28 :
Total no. of days to visit the shop = 6 {Mon to Sat}
Total no. possible outcomes = 6  6 = 36
i.e. two customers can visit the shop in 36 ways
(i) E → event of visiting shop on the same day.
No. of favourable outcomes = 6 which are (M, M) (T, T) (Th, Th) (F, F) (S, S)
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
Probability, 𝑃(𝐸) = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
6 1
𝑃(𝐸) = 36 = 6

(ii) E → event of visiting shop on the same day.

E → Event of visiting shop on the different days.
 Topic Test:
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1
In above bit, we calculated P(E) as 6
We know that, P(E) + 𝑃(𝐸) + 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐸)
1 5
=1− =
6 6
(iii) E→ event of visiting shop on c
No. of favourable outcomes = 6 which are (M, T) (T, W) (W, Th) (Th, F) (F, S)
5
𝑃(𝐸) = 36

Answer 29 :
Given : Two brands of chocolates are available in packs of 24 and 15 respectively.
To find : The least number of boxes of each kind.

Solution :
To find the least number of boxes of each kind, we need to find LCM of 24 and 15
Prime factors of 24 = 2  2  2  3
Prime factors of 15 = 3  5
Therefore LCM of 24 and 15 is : 2  2  2  3  5 = 120
120
Number of boxes for first chocolate kind = 24 = 5
120
Number of boxes for second chocolate kind = 15 = 8
Hence 5 boxes of first kind and 8 boxes of second kind needed to buy.

Answer 30 :
We know that if x =  is a zero of a polynomial then x -  is a factor of f(x).
Since −√2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 √2 are zeros of f(x). Therefore (𝑥 + √2)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑥 − √2) are factors of f(x).
Now on dividing f(x) = 2x4 + 7x3 – 19x2 – 14x + 30 by g(x) = (𝑥 − √2)(𝑥 + √2) = 𝑥 2 − 2

By applying division algorithm, we have:

2x4 + 7x3 – 19x2 – 14x + 30 = (x - √2) (x + √2) (2x2 + 7x – 75)
 Topic Test:
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2x4 + 7x3 – 19x2 – 14x + 30 = (x - √2) (x + √2) (x2 + 6x – 5x – 30)

3
2x4 + 7x3 – 19x2 – 14x + 30 = (x - √2) (x + √2) {(𝑥 − 2) (𝑥 + 5)}
3
Hence, the zeros of the given polynomial are: -√2, √2 - 5,2

Solution 31 :
Let the speed of the stream = x km/hr
Speed of the boat in still water = 15 km/hr
Then, the speed of the boat upstream = (15 – x) km/hr
and the speed of the boat downstream = (15 + x) km/hr
According to question,
30 30 1 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
15−𝑥
+ 15+𝑥 = 4 2 ℎ𝑟𝑠. …. [𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
30×30 9
 225−𝑥 2
=2
 1800 = 9(225 – x2)  200 = 225 – x2
 x2 = 225 – 200  x2 = 25
 x = +5 km/hr ….[∵ Speed cannot be –ve.

Solution 32(i) :
Here the A.P. is 1, 2, 3, …. 49
Here a = 1, d = 1, an = 49
𝑛
𝑆(𝑋−1) = 𝑆49 − 𝑆𝑋 …. [𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2𝑎(𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
𝑋−1
 2
[2𝑎 + (𝑋 − 1 − 1)𝑑]
49 𝑋
= 2 [2𝑎 + 48𝑑] − 2 [2𝑎 + (𝑋 − 1)𝑑]
Now,
 (X – 1)2 (2 + (X – 2)) = 49(2 + 48) – X[2 + (x – 1)]
 (X – 1). X = 2450 – X(X + 1)
 X2 – X = 2450 – X2 – X
 X2 – X + X2 + X = 2450
 2X2 = 2450
 X2 = 1225
 𝑋 = +√1225 = 35 … [X can not be –ve

Solution 32(ii):
Let total time be n minutes. Total distance covered by thief in n minutes
= Speed  Time
= 100  n = 100 n metres
Total distance covered by policeman
= 1st min 100 + 2nd min. 110 + 3rd min. 120 + ….. (n – 1) terms (A.P.)
…. [∵Thief runs = n mins, Policeman runs = (n - 1) mins
Here, a = 100, d = 110 – 100 = 10, ‘n’ = n – 1
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
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(𝑛−1)
 100𝑛 = 2
[2(100) + (𝑛 − 1 − 1)(10)]
 (n – 1) (200 + 10n – 20) = 200n
 (n – 1) [10n + 180 = 200n
 10n2 + 180n – 10n – 180 – 200n = 0
 10n2 – 30n – 180 = 0
 n2 – 3n – 18 = 0 ….[Dividing both sides by 10
 n2 – 6n + 3n – 18 = 0
 n(n – 6) + 3(n – 6) = 0
 (n + 3) (n – 6) = 0
 n + 3 = 0 or n – 6 = 0
 n = -3 or n = 6
But n (time) cannot be negative.
 Time taken by policeman to catch the thief
= n – 1 = 6 – 1 = 5 minutes

Solution 33 (i) :

Inner radius, r = 30 cm = 0.30 m

Outer radius, R = (30 + 5) cm = 35 cm or 0.35 m
As per the question (Volume of hollow cylindrical pipe) = (Volume of solid iron cuboid)
 (R2 – r2)h = l  b  h
22
 (0.352 – 0.302)  h = 4.4  2.6  1
7
22
 (0.35 – 0.30) (0.35 – 0.30)  h = 4.4  2.6
7
22
7
 0.65  0.05  h = 4.4  2.6
4.4×2.6×7
ℎ = 22×0.65×0.05 = 112𝑚
 The length of pipe = 112 m

Solution 33 (ii) :
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Let r and he be the radius and height of cylindrical part respectively and I be the slant height of conical part.
Slant height of conical part (l).
= √(2.1)2 + (2.8)2 ….[By Pythagoras theorem
𝐼 = √4.41 + 7.84 = √12.25 = 3.5 m

Area of Canvas/tent
= C.S. area of cylindrical part + C.S. area of conical part
= 2rh + r l … [∵ r = 2.8 m, h = 3.5 m, l = 3.5 m
= r(2h + l)
22
=  2.8 [2(3.5) + 3.5]
7
= 22  0.4 (7.0 + 3.5)
= 8.8 (10.5) = 92.4 m2
ar. of canvas for 1,500 tents = (92.4  1500)m2 = 138600 m2
Cost of 1500 tents @ 120 per m2 = 138600  Rs.120 per m2 = Rs. 16632000
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡
Share of each School =
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑠
𝑅𝑠.16632000
= 50
= 𝑅𝑠. 332640

Solution 34(i) :
Given : ABC and DBC are two As on the same BC.AD intersects BC at O.
To prove:

𝑎𝑟(𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐴𝑂
=
𝑎𝑟(𝐷𝐵𝐶) 𝐷𝑂
Const. : Draw AM ⊥ BC and DN ⊥ BC.
Proof : In AMO and DNO, AMO = DNO ….[Each = 90o, by construction
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2 = 3 …. [Vertically opposite s
 AMO  DNO …. [AA corolary
𝐴𝑂 𝐴𝑀
𝐷𝑂
= 𝐷𝑁 …(i)
1
𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) ×𝐵𝐶×𝐴𝑀
𝑎𝑟(∆𝐷𝐵𝐶)
= 21 …[∵ ar.  = 1/2  base  altitude
×𝐵𝐶×𝐷𝑁
2
𝑎𝑟(𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐴𝑀
 𝑎𝑟(𝐷𝐵𝐶) = 𝐷𝑁
𝑎𝑟(𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐴𝑂
 𝑎𝑟(𝐷𝐵𝐶) = 𝐷𝑂 …[From (i) (hence proved)

Or

Solution 34 (ii) :

Given. In ABC, AD ⊥ BC & CE ⊥ AB.

To prove. (i) APE  CPD
(ii) AP  PD = CP  PE
(iii) ADB  CEB
(iv) AB  CE = BC  AD
Proof. (i) in APE and CPD
1 = 4 … [Each 90o
2 = 3 … [Vertically opposite angles
 APE  CPD …[AA similarity
𝐴𝐶 𝑃𝐸
(ii) 𝐶𝑃
= 𝑃𝐷 ….[In S corresponding sides are proportional
 AP  PD = CP  PE
(iii) In ADB and CEB,
5 = 7 …[Each 90o
6 = 6 … (Common
 ADB  CEB …[AA similarity
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐷
(iv)  = …[In  s corresponding sides are proportional
𝐶𝐵 𝐶𝐸
 AB  CE = BC  AD

Solution 35(i) :
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First we make the frequency distribution of the given data and proceed to calculate mean by computing class (x i),
ui’s and fiui’s and follows :
Let assumed Mean (A) = 45

Class Frequency Class mark 𝑥𝑖 −45 fiui

𝑢𝑖 = 10
(fi) (xi)
20-30 100 25 -2 -200
30-40 120 35 -1 -120
40-50 130 45 0 0
50-60 400 55 1 400
60-70 200 65 2 400
70-80 50 75 3 150

∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝑢𝑖 630
𝑥̅ = 𝐴 + ∑ 𝑓𝑖
= 45 +
1000
= 45 + 0.63 = 45.63

Or

Solution 35(ii) :
Let the missing frequency be x.
To find the median let us put data in the table given below:
Age (in years) Number of persons (f) Cumulative frequency (ef)
0-10 5 5
10-20 25 30
20-30 X 30 + x
30-40 18 48 + x
40-50 7 55 + x

The given median is 24.

 the median class is 20-30.
 l = 20, h = 10, N = 55 + x, f = x and cf = 30
𝑁
−𝑐𝑓
Median = 𝑙 + ( 2 𝑓 ) × ℎ
55+𝑥
−30
 24 + 20 ( 2
𝑥
) × 10
55+𝑥−60
 24 − 20 ( 2𝑥
) × 10
𝑥−5
4=( )× 10
2𝑥
 8x = 10x – 50
 2x = 50
 x = 25
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Thus, the missing frequency is 25.

Solution 36(i) :
(i) (a): Here, CD = √(7 − 3)2 + (7 − 4)2
= √42 + 32 = 5 units
Also, it is given that CE = 10 units
Thus, DE = CE – CD = 10 – 5 = 5 units (∵ A, B, C, E are a line)
(ii) (b): Since, CD = DE = 5 units
D is the midpoint of CE
𝑥+3 𝑦+4
 = 7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 =7
2 2
 x = 11 and y = 10  x + y = 21
(iii) (b)

Or
Solution 36(ii) :
Let B divides AC in the ratio k : 1, then
7 4𝑘+0
=
4 𝑘+1

 7k + 7 = 16k
 7 = 9k
7
𝑘=9
Thus, the required ratio is 7 : 9.

Solution 37 :
Here Sn = 0.1n2 + 7.9n
(i) (c) : Sn-1 = 0.1(n – 1)2 + 7.9 (n – 1)
= 0.1n2 + 7.7n – 7.8
(ii) (b) : S1 = t1 = a = 0.1(1)2 + 7.9(1) = 8 cm = Diameter of core
So radius of the core = 4 cm
(iii) (d) Required diameter = t2 = S2 – S1 = 16.2 – 8 = 8.2 cm
Or
(c) : As d= t2 – t1 = 8.2 – 8 = 0.2 cm
So thickness of tissue = 0.2  2 = 0.1 cm = 1 mm

Solution 38 :
(i)(d) Let h be the height of the pole. In ABC,
 Topic Test:
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ℎ ℎ 1
15
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛45𝑜 → 15 =
√2
15
ℎ= m
√2

(ii) (a): Let x be the required distance in ABC

𝑥 1
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠45𝑜 =
15 √2
15
𝑥= m
√2
(iii) (c): Let h be the height of the pole
In right triangle ABC,

ℎ 1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛30𝑜 =
15 2
15
ℎ= = 7.5 m
2

or
(d) If 3 m rope is broken then the length of the rope is 12 m

ℎ 1
In ABC, 12 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛30𝑜 = 2
12
ℎ= 2
= 6m