GAS LAWS

BEHAVIOR OF GASES
 MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCIES
Investigate the relationship between:
1. volume and pressure at constant temperature of
a gas
2. volume and temperature at constant pressure of
a gas
3. explains these relationships using the kinetic
molecular theory
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the learners are
expected to:

1. Describe the concept of Gas Laws.

2.Identify the different types of Gas Laws.
3. Demonstrate knowledge and skills in
analyzing and computation regarding to
the Gas Laws.
4.Explain the importance of understanding
Gas Laws.
CONVERSION
VOLUME, PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE
COMMONLY USED UNITS FOR VOLUME, PRESSURE, AND
TEMPERATURE

Pound per square inch

 MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF GAS
VOLUME
• simply defined as the amount of space occupied
by any three-dimensional solid.
• The volume of the gas is equal to the volume of
its container.
• The common units of volume used in gas
measurements are liter (L), milliliter (mL), cubic
meter (m3), and cubic centimeter (cm3).
 MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF GAS
PRESSURE
• measured as force per area. The standard SI
unit for pressure is the pascal (Pa). However,
atmosphere (atm) and several other units are
commonly used.
• The pressure of the gas is the force exerted by
the gas molecules on the walls of its container
divided by the surface area of the container.
 MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF GAS
TEMPERATURE
• Is the average kinetic energy of the particles of
the gas
• Usually determined using a thermometer.
• Usually expressed in degree Celsius (°C), degree
Fahrenheit (°F), and Kelvin (K).
• Only Kelvin is used in computations involving
temperature of Gas.
 ASSIGNMENT!!!
PAGE 362 – 365
ACTIVITY 2 – BOYLE’S LAW
Prepare the materials and do the procedures. (By Group)
Kindly provide photos while doing the task and print it in a short
bond paper. (By Group)

Individual (One whole sheet)

• Fill out Table 5 and Plot the graph under procedure no. 8.
• Answer the guide questions Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4.

SUBMISSION: THURSDAY, April 4, 2024

KINETIC MOLECULAR
THEORY OF GAS
KMT
 KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
The earth is surrounded by the sea of gases called atmosphere which mainly

consists of oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases that are important to life. Under
normal atmospheric condition, there are only 11 elements that are gases. These
includes the diatomic molecules (hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and

chlorine) and the noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and argon).

These gases have common properties including important fundamental

properties that are measurable, which are mentioned and described in the

recap such as the volume, pressure, temperature, and the amount of gas or

number of molecules.
 KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
1. Gases consists of very tiny particles, each of which
has mass.
Gases are most likely empty space because of a wide
distance between these tiny particles. Thus, gases are
highly compressible and have low density. Note that the
density of gases varies with changes in temperature and
pressure.
2. Gas particles move rapidly in straight lines, travel
constantly, and in random directions.
 KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY

3. Gases diffuse rapidly that allows two or

more gases to mix readily when combined.

4. The forces of attraction (Van der Waals

Force) between the particles of gases are
negligible because of the wide spaces between
them.
 KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
5. Gas particles collide with each other or with the
walls of its container but do not lose their kinetic
energy; instead, it is only transferred to the
lower-energy particle and will continue to move.
In this manner, energy is conserved in an elastic
collision of gas particles.

6. All gases have the same average kinetic energy

at a given temperature of gas.
The average kinetic energy of gas particles is directly
proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas.
This means that gas particles might have higher kinetic
energy at a higher temperature and vice versa. The
kinetic molecular theory of gases provides a model to
explain behavioral properties of gases. The four
measurable properties of gases such as pressure,
volume, temperature, and number of moles are related
to each other. If one of these variables is changed,
there is a corresponding change in other variables
depending on its relationship.
 RUBRIC
QUALITY – 40%
COMPLETENESS – 20%
RESOURCEFULNESS – 15%
CREATIVITY - 15%
TIMELINESS – 10%
TOTAL: 100%
GAS LAWS
BEHAVIOR OF GASES
 GAS LAWS
Gas laws are a group of laws that govern the behaviour
of gases by providing relationships between the following:

• The volume occupied by the gas.

• The pressure exerted by a gas on the walls of its
container.
• The absolute temperature of the gas.
• The amount of gaseous substance (or) the number of
moles of gas.
• Boyle’s Law: It provides a relationship between the pressure
and the volume of a gas.
• Charles’s Law: It provides a relationship between the volume
occupied by a gas and the absolute temperature.
• Gay-Lussac’s Law: It provides a relationship between the
pressure exerted by a gas on the walls of its container and
the absolute temperature associated with the gas.
• Avogadro’s Law: It provides a relationship between the
volume occupied by a gas and the amount of gaseous
substance.
• The Combined Gas Law (or the Ideal Gas Law): It can be
obtained by combining the four laws listed above

GAS LAWS
COMMONLY USED UNITS FOR VOLUME, PRESSURE, AND
TEMPERATURE
LET’S TRY TO
CONVERT!!!
LET’S TRY TO
CONVERT!!!
LET’S TRY TO
CONVERT!!!
BOYLE’S LAW Robert Boyle is the one who proposed this
law during the 16th century. He performed
an experiment wherein he trapped a fixed
amount of air in the J-tube, he changed
the pressure and controlled the
temperature and then, he observed its
effect to the volume of the air inside the J-
tube. He found out that as the pressure is
increased, the volume decreases. He
finally concluded that the volume of a
fixed amount of gas is inversely
proportional to its pressure at constant
temperature.
BOYLE’S LAW Robert Boyle is the one who proposed this
law during the 16th century. He performed
an experiment wherein he trapped a fixed
amount of air in the J-tube, he charged
the pressure and controlled the
temperature and then, he observed its
effect to the volume of the air inside the J-
tube. He found out that as the pressure is
increased, the volume decreases. He
finally concluded that the volume of a
fixed amount of gas is inversely
proportional to its pressure at constant
temperature.
BOYLE’S LAW Robert Boyle is the one who proposed this
law during the 16th century. He performed
an experiment wherein he trapped a fixed
amount of air in the J-tube, he charged
the pressure and controlled the
temperature and then, he observed its
effect to the volume of the air inside the J-
tube. He found out that as the pressure is
increased, the volume decreases. He
finally concluded that the volume of a
fixed amount of gas is inversely
proportional to its pressure at constant
temperature.
BOYLE’S LAW Robert Boyle is the one who proposed this
law during the 16th century. He performed
an experiment wherein he trapped a fixed
amount of air in the J-tube, he charged
the pressure and controlled the
temperature and then, he observed its
effect to the volume of the air inside the J-
tube. He found out that as the pressure is
increased, the volume decreases. He
finally concluded that the volume of a
fixed amount of gas is inversely
proportional to its pressure at constant
temperature.
 BOYLE’S LAW
Boyle’s law is a gas law which states that the pressure exerted
by a gas (of a given mass, kept at a constant temperature) is
inversely proportional to the volume occupied by it. In other
words, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely
proportional to each other as long as the temperature and the
quantity of gas are kept constant.

P ∝ (1/V)
P1V1 = P2V2
 P1V1 = P2V2
Where:

P1 is the initial pressure exerted by the gas

V1 is the initial volume occupied by the gas
P2 is the final pressure exerted by the gas
V2 is the final volume occupied by the gas
LET’S DERIVE!!!
P1V1 = P2V2
Find the formula for:
P1
P2
V1
V2
1. An 18.10mL sample of gas is at 3.500 atm. What will
be the volume if the pressure becomes 2.500 atm, with
a fixed amount of gas and temperature?
1. An 18.10mL sample of gas is at 3.500 atm. What will
be the volume if the pressure becomes 2.500 atm, with
a fixed amount of gas and temperature?

Given: Solution:
P1 = 3.500atm
V1 = 18.10mL P1V1 = P2V2
𝑃1𝑉1
P2 = 2.500atm V2 =
𝑃2
V2 = (3.500atm * 18.10mL) /2.500 atm
Unknown: V2 = ? V2 = 25.34 mL
V2 = 0.025L
2. A gas that has 25 degrees Celsius temperature
occupies 11.2 liters at 0.860 atm . What is the pressure
if the volume becomes 15.0 L?
2. A gas that has 25 degrees Celsius temperature
occupies 11.2 liters at 0.860 atm . What is the pressure
if the volume becomes 15.0 L?

Given: Solution:
P1 = 0.860 atm
V1 = 11.2 L P1V1 = P2V2
𝑃1𝑉1
V2 = 15.0 L P2 =
𝑉2
V2 = (0.860atm * 11.2L) / 15.0 L
Unknown: P2 = ? V2 = 25.34 mL
V2 = 0.025L
3. If the final pressure of the gas in a 7.9L is 4.75atm.
What will be the pressure if the initial volume is 13.2L?
3. If the final pressure of the gas in a 7.9L is 4.75atm.
What will be the pressure if the initial volume is 13.2L?

Given: Solution:
V1 = 13.2L
V2 = 7.9 L P1V1 = P2V2
𝑃2𝑉2
P2 = 4.75 atm P1 =
𝑉1
P1 = (4.75atm * 7.9L) / 13.2 L
Unknown: P1 = ? P1 = 2.84 L
This law was formulated in the year 1780
by French physicist Jacques Charles. CHARLES’ LAW
This law was described extensively in his
unpublished work.

Jacques Charles trapped a sample of

gas in a cylinder with a movable piston
in water bath at different temperatures.
Charles found out that different gas
decreased their volume by factors 1/273
per °C of cooling. With this rate of
reduction, if gas will be cooled up to
-273°C, it will have a zero volume.
 CHARLES’ LAW
states that the volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional to
the absolute temperature at constant pressure. The law also
states that the Kelvin temperature and the volume will be in
direct proportion when the pressure exerted on a sample of a
dry gas is held constant.

V ∝ T at constant P
V1/T1 = V2/T2
 LET’S DERIVE!!!
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Find the formula for:
V1
V2
T1
T2
1. A sample of gas has an initial volume of 30.8 L and
an initial temperature of 67 degree Celsius. What will
be the temperature of the gas if the volume is 21.0 L?
1. A sample of gas has an initial volume of 30.8 L and
an initial temperature of 67 degree Celsius. What will
be the temperature of the gas if the volume is 21.0 L?

Given: Solution:
V1 = 30.8L V1/T1 = V2/T2
𝑇1 𝑉2
T1 = 67 °C = 340K T2 =
𝑉1
V2 = 21.0L T2 = (340K) (21.0L) / 30.8L
T2 = 7140K/30.8
Unknown: T2 = ? T2 = 231.82K
T2 = -41.18 °C
2. If V1 is the 3.60 L, T1 = 255 K, T2 = 102 K, then find the
value of V2.
2. If V1 is the 3.60 L, T1 = 255 K, T2 = 102 K, then find the
value of V2.

Given: Solution:
V1 = 3.60L V1/T1 = V2/T2
𝑉1 𝑇2
T1 = 255K V2 =
𝑇1
T2 = 102K V2 = (3.60L) (102K) / 255K
V2 = 367.2L/255
Unknown: V2 = ? V2 = 1.44L
3. At a final temperature of 27.0 °C a gas occupies
900.0 mL. What is the volume in mL at 132.0 °C?
3. At a final temperature of 27.0 °C a gas occupies
900.0 mL. What is the volume in mL at 132.0 °C?

Given: Solution:
V2 = 900.0mL
T1 = 132.0 °C V1/T1 = V2/T2
𝑇1 𝑉2
T2 = 27.0 °C V1 =
𝑇2
V1 = (132.0 °C) (900.0mL) / 27.0 °C
Unknown: V1 = ? V1 = 118800 / 27.0
V2 = 4400mL
GAS LAWS
BEHAVIOR OF GASES