ABSTRACT

Smart city missions are not only carried out in developed countries but developing countries
also actively adapt the initiatives for urban development and enhance the life of their citizens.
In 2015 the smart city mission was launched in India by the Indian government to uplift
sustainable development, all over the country. This mission was launched in 100 specific
cities. Infrastructure enhancement, good transport system, digital governance solutions, urban
planning strategies and sustainability of the environment were some main focused areas of
the mission. Development of digital platforms are being upgraded so that citizens can easily
access necessary services, can take part in government operations, and can engage with the
urban planning and process. In cities like Pune, Surat etc, smart Digital solutions like
intelligent traffic management systems, energy conservative lighting and waste management
technologies have been developed to enhance quality of life and urban livability. This is
leading to the transformation of ancient urban governance practices and allows better
decision-making processes. Including infrastructure and digital solutions, Indian smart cities
also uplift social inclusion and community development aspects. The promotion of skill
development activities, community engagement programmes and affordable housing
solutions are taking place to make sure that urban transformation and its services are provided
to every segment of the city. Public-private partnerships and collaboration with high level
international organisations is being promoted to enhance global knowledge and goods and
resources for smart city development. India aims to fasten the speed of urban development
transformation and develop a sustainable, resilient, comfortable city that can fulfil the
growing needs of its growing population. This is done by implementing innovation
ecosystems and knowledge sharing programmes.

But the smart city mission is a global movement that has no borders and is not limited to
India alone. So, we should now take a look at the world's thoughts of urban development.
Countries all over the world are adapting the idea of improving technological aspects and
innovative ideas to develop urban areas into a sustainable, resilient and smarter city.
developing infrastructure is a key role in creating smart cities by adding advanced digital
solutions. This includes improving connectivity, resilience and energy conservation.
Sustainable transport system uplifts eco-friendly mobility options including Electric vehicles
(EVs), public transport systems, which can reduce global warming and congestion. A
sustainable environment is also a main focused area of the mission for smart cities that are
following green initiatives for managing waste, renewable energy and conservation of water.
This can lead to a healthier environment and a healthy lifestyle. Buildings having energy-
efficient systems contribute to the management of resources and sustainability goals. Usage
of advanced technologies like IoT sensors and data analytics lead to public safety and
improved emergency response.

Overall, the smart city mission is a global concept that is not limited to geographical
boundaries. This offers an innovative aspect for creating and transforming cities of the future.
India can actively learn from the successful initiatives from the globe and customise
accordingly. India can gain the power of technology and innovative ideas to create
sustainable, resilient, comfortable, more livable and inclusive urban spaces for their citizens.
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES MISSION

Background and Inception

Smart cities are developed urban areas that excel in multiple key areas such as economy,
mobility, human capital, social capital, etc. to create a high quality of life and sustainable
economic development. The Indian government's initiative, the Smart Cities Mission, aims to
improve people's living conditions in cities and towns through the use of digital technology,
best practices, and increased public-private partnerships.
. Giving its residents a respectable standard of living, a clean, sustainable environment, and
access to digital technologies and basic infrastructure are the primary goals of India's smart
city initiatives. On June 25, 2015, Prime Minister Narendra Modi gave the mission its start.
India's 2015 urban budget of 2000 crore was set aside for the mission of smart cities.
The Journey of notion to smart cities comes from 1970s, when los angeles created the first
urban big data project A cluster Analysis of Los Angeles. With the establishment of a virtual
digital city in 1994, Amsterdam was perhaps the first smat city. The Union Ministry of Urban
Development is in charge of carrying out the objective in coordination with the state
governments of the individual cities.
The mission was presented with 100 cities included, and the projects were scheduled to be
completed between 2019 and 2023. 6188 of the 7960 tendered projects have been finished as
of September 2023. A smart city is a technologically advanced metropolitan region that
gathers specialized data using various electrical systems and sensors. In exchange for the
data's usage in streamlining operations throughout the city, it provides information that is
utilized to effectively manage assets, resources, and services.
The central government has released a number of other plans, missions, and policies with the
aim of promoting development. Smart cities are necessary to improve the quality of life for
citizens in a nation; as a result, more people will naturally choose to live in these cities,
drawing in more investment. Each city was required to develop a concept, vision, mission,
and plan that were appropriate for its particular resources, level of ambition, and local
context. Since its implementation, the Smart Cities Mission has advanced both financially
and physically.
There was a lack of clarity at first because there was no agreed-upon definition of what
constituted a smart city. The Government of India decided not to impose any particular model
because, as they learned from past Urban Development Mission experiences, one size did not
fit all. The Smart Cities Mission aims to develop areas within a number of chosen cities
across the nation as model areas through the use of area development plans, which is
expected to have a spillover effect on other parts of the city as well as nearby cities and
towns. Cities will be chosen based on the Smart City Challenge, in which cities will compete
nationally to reap the benefits of this mission.
Better transit networks, effective public services, increased public safety, and easier access to
tech-driven amenities are just a few of the ways that smart cities provide better living
circumstances. Residents may experience an improvement in comfort, convenience, and
general well-being as a result. Smart city technologies are being adopted for a range of
purposes thanks to the integration of automation, machine learning, and the Internet of
Things.
For instance, smart parking enables digital payment in addition to assisting cars in finding a
parking spot.Smart traffic management, which keeps an eye on traffic patterns and optimizes
traffic signals to lessen congestion, is another example. A smart city's infrastructure can also
be used to control ride-sharing services.Energy and environmental efficiency can also be
included in smart city features, like streetlights that turn off when no one is using them. Smart
grid technologies have the potential to enhance various aspects of operations, including
maintenance, planning, and power supply.An innovative method is needed to address
problems including resource management, energy consumption, transportation congestion
and jams, and environmental preservation.
A smart city is a term frequently used to describe an ICT-enabled metropolis. There is a
difference between "smart" and "intelligent" cities. The city is equipped with information
technology, earning it the moniker "intelligent city."

Source: - www.archdaily.com

Figure 1 is associated to the context-

Nowadays, approaches to the smart city have begun to incorporate sustainability,

"greenness," and resilience as important components (Köbli, 2021 research'suitability and the
circular economy' are stated to be significant features (Szalai, 2020). The goal of "smart city"
development, according to Bakici et al. (2012), is to create a sustainable, greener city.
Similarly, according to Kumar & Rattan (2020), "smart" is synonymous with "sustainable"
and "green." Source: own copy based on (SCO, 2021); (Berrone et al., 2020; Kearney, 2021).
Meadows et al. (1972) and the United Nations (Fekete, 2022) are among the many sources
that claim that the UN "should be able to contribute in a sustainable, green, and efficient way
to the operation of cities and raise the living standards of inhabitants."
LITERATURE REVIEW: -

Prof. Rahul Wantmure and Dr. Murlidhar Dhanawade (2016) Indian cities and cities around
the world is gradually evolving. This is a well-thought-out decision with prearranged
infrastructure. In a planned city, the idea of a "smart city" has the effect of suggesting that all
activity conducted there is monitored and managed by technology.

In the field of information technology, the internet of things is a new tool that may be fully
utilized to realize the vision of a smart city. Navitha, S. (2015) Information and
communications technology is included into the construction of smart cities, enabling
efficient control of the urban infrastructure. Sensor networks, the Internet of Things, digital
infrastructure, large-scale data produced by social media, biological websites, GPS, and
geospatial data sets are crucial sources of information for creating databases needed to
construct smart cities with efficient business, governance, health, transportation, resource,
and energy management.The goal of Mr. Kyusoo Chong and Hongki Sung's (2015) study is
to examine the enormous amounts of data from roadways related to predictive technology-
based road safety.
This study looks at real-world instances of road safety analysis technology and road
management systems in Korea and other nations. An analysis is conducted on the types and
usability of the data gathered by a road management system. The limitations of current
technologies and management systems are examined in light of the outcome. Sandhu,
Sabhijiit Singh, et al. (2015) The ability of traffic systems to adapt to shifting conditions and
traffic patterns is a major factor in their performance.
Regardless of traffic density, traffic lights green track at predetermined intervals in
conventional systems. The number of cars (density) standing in the light determines how long
a green light will run according to a traffic model-intelligent agent. Omprakash S. Jadhav and
R. D. Patil (2016) Big Data is a widely researched topic. Everyone is talking about massive
amounts of data, and it's thought that big data will have an impact on society, government,
business, industry, and research, among other areas. The term "big" describes a very large
data set that is more difficult to gather, store, analyze, or produce because it is larger, more
complicated, contains hidden patterns, and is both structured and unstructured.
Shriniwas Deshpande and Madhavi Vaidya (2012) On the road network, traffic congestion is
typified by longer travel times, slower speeds, and long lines of cars. All of us are aware of
the exponential daily growth in the number of automobiles, yet the road infrastructure is not
keeping up with this demand. There is more traffic congestion as a result. Various
technologies are employed to identify traffic congestion and facilitate more efficient
decision-making.Nicola Ianuale and associates (2015) The author is attempting to define
what a "smart city" is.
The concept of a smart city can be continuously improved because to the numerous
organizations that have been founded to define this rich field of cross-sectional studies. These
organizations are related to social, technological, political, and economic issues that are
always changing. Urban data types and their capacity to build complex information systems
are impacted by emergent features, which are mostly contextual. The integration of vast
amounts of generated data is a well-known issue in computational analysis. The system could
be perfect for mounting various drivers and dynamics, offering adaptive solutions as well,
given the heterogeneity and diversity of data sources seen in smart cities. Nonetheless, these
systems' naturally chaotic and unpredictable character makes stabilizing them necessary.
Numerous criteria, such as parametric, entropic, and anthropometric, have been the basis for
technique proposals in studies.
As many factors and variables underlie the system's drivers, attractors derived from
dynamical systems are proposed to describe smart city contexts through the various
interlinked big data and networks. The integration of technology and data-driven solutions in
smart cities has the potential to revolutionize urban living by providing citizens with
personalized and accessible services. However, the implementation also presents challenges,
including data privacy concerns, unequal access to technology, and the need for collaboration
across private, public, and government sectors. Attractors derived from dynamical systems
are proposed to characterize smart city contexts through the different interrelated big data and
networks, since the system's drivers are based on numerous variables. By offering residents
individualized and easily accessible services, the integration of technology and data-driven
solutions in smart cities has the potential to completely transform urban living. However,
there are drawbacks to the implementation as well, such as issues with data privacy, unequal
access to technology, and the requirement for cooperation between the public, private, and
governmental sectors.
This paper offers an overview of the potential and problems that smart cities present, as well
as insights into their current state and future prospects. Furthermore, we offer this succinct
description of smart cities: “Smart cities establish an efficient and effective service
environment that improves urban quality of life and promotes sustainability through the use
of digital technology, communication technologies, and data analytics." The dynamic nature
and rapid growth of smart city research are indicated by the eleven literature reviews on the
subject. However, we also recognize the shortcomings and the necessity of additional
literature evaluation for three reasons. Firstly, as the literature reviews we have covered
above indicate, research on smart cities is dispersed, varied, and encompasses a variety of
viewpoints.
.. Out of the eleven literature evaluations we located, only two adopt a comprehensive
strategy. More comprehensive evaluations of the literature are obviously needed in order to
fully grasp the scope and substance of smart city research. Second, for both academics and
practitioners, a thorough understanding of the state of smart city research and practices is
essential. Few, in our opinion, have been able to fully convey the breadth and depth of the
main fields of smart city research. Third, the most current survey of the literature on smart
cities that we could find only goes until June 2018 (Yigitcanlar et al., 2019).

SOURCE: - www.squareyads.in

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METHADOLOGY: -

An inventive reference work, Smart Cities and Smart Spaces: Concepts, Methodologies,
Tools, and Applications, addresses the social, economic, and environmental concerns related
to the development of smart cities.The methodology attempts to address the shortcomings of
its initial version, which included inadequate structuring and targeting at specific Smart Cities
implementers, as well as the extensiveness and theoretical approach to the problem, in
response to the demand of local governments and other actors to bring the material closer to
its primary users.

.. The new version has also been enhanced to contain some additional helpful insights, such
as the theme of smart cities' green infrastructure, which is discussed in detail, and distinct
annexes that examine the topic in more detail and cover topics like energy, mobility, and ICT.
The Ministry of Regional Development (MoRD) has provided an overview of subsidy
schemes and a follow-up Methodology of Smart City Project finance that handle finance,
whether from private sources or subsidies. The approach is meant for both local government
staff members and city officials who draft the SC concept's strategies. Using infrastructure
investments, the technique should aid in organizing the development of a smart city and
defining citizen participation in the many SC programs.

The approach can be applied to the establishment of development projects that carry out the
strategy as well as the creation of a framework SC strategy. In general, the methodology is
always appropriate. Nonetheless, the city needs to be aware of its baseline circumstances with
distinct local challenges and respect its (sociodemographic, economic, political, etc.)
peculiarities. The technique for the Smart Cities concept must be reasonably relevant to
residential units of all sizes, with an emphasis on smaller and medium-sized communities in
addition to our larger cities.
The concept of "smart cities" was first introduced and advanced at the European level mostly
due to industry effort. The industry activity "Smart Cities and Communities" was founded in
2011 with the goal of lowering environmental demands while investigating the relationship
between energy and transportation. A year later, the Smart Cities concept gained its
fundamental framework when the European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and
Communities (EIP-SCC) initiated its activity, which already encompassed information and
communications technologies. This is not to argue, however, that prior to 2011, the term
"smart" was not used in reference to the implementation of various smart technologies in
cities or other places.
. The Czech Smart Region Vrchlabí, which was initiated as a smart energy network pilot
project in the Czech Republic and was included in the transnational Grid4EU project in 2010,
is one example of the proof. Písek, whose strategy paper "Blue-Yellow Book Smart Písek"
was created in 2015, appears to be the first town to take a full strategic approach to the notion
of Smart Cities. Since then, the Smart Cities Concept Methodology has served as the
foundation for the development of numerous additional smart cities in the Czech Republic.

OBJECTIVE: -

Giving its residents a respectable standard of living, a clean, sustainable environment, and
access to digital technologies and basic infrastructure are the primary goals of India's smart
city initiatives. to use data analysis and smart technologies to improve the quality of life for
inhabitants while maximizing city functions and fostering economic growth. The usefulness
of technology is not solely determined by its quantity, but also by its application.
The Basic Objectives of Smart City Mission: -
- Promote Economic Development

- Improve the quality of life of people by using technology that offers

- Generate Employment

A smart city is envisioned as one that integrates and monitors the state of all of its vital
infrastructure, such as major buildings, bridges, tunnels, trains, airports, seaports,
communication, water, and power. This allows the city to more efficiently use its resources,
schedule preventive maintenance, and keep an eye on security issues. The goal of the Indian
government's National Smart Cities Mission is to create sustainable and livable smart cities
throughout the nation through urban regeneration and retrofitting.

More advanced Internet of things gadgets that can assist in managing the resources of a
megacity's population will be seen in smart cities of the future. For instance, smart bins with
sensors can communicate in real time how full they are, saving trash collectors time from
having to travel to collect only partially filled bins.

The Four pillars of Smart City Mission: -

* Institutional Infrastructure (including Governance)

* Physical Infrastructure

* Social Infrastructure

* Economic Infrastructure

City expansion, city regeneration, and city improvement (retrofitting) are the three strategic
components of area-based growth in the Smart Cities Mission. Additionally, under Pan City,
initiatives have been made to explore clever ways to make cities greener (green field
development).

RESEACH QUESTIONS: -

1. How and why do small cities become the test-beds of state imaginations of India's
urban futures?
2. How do small cities translate state imagined urban futures into 'actually existing'
smart cities?
3. How do citizens of small cities 'live with change' induced by smart city
developments?
4. How can we 'learn' from small cities to inform practices of 'thinking' and 'doing'
urban policy?
5. In the case of public scale technology, has it been developed with input from the
community (and from the designers)?
6. Does this smart city technology support resilience at both the personal and public
scale?
7. What do you think citizens expect from their cities?
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CONCLUSION: -

The goal of smart cities was to help them become resilient to the effects of climate change
and to attain social and environmental sustainability by utilizing technology and intelligently
designed infrastructure. This chapter emphasizes the necessity of continual innovation and
adaptation, stressing the significance of overcoming challenges and seizing opportunities in
the quickly changing digital world. This chapter strives to provide readers with the
information and resources they need to successfully navigate the intricacies of smart cities by
providing a thorough overview and useful advice.
.. The chapter makes the case that the Smart City agenda and the sustainability and climate
resilience agenda might both learn from each other and combine to offer strong answers to
urban problems. Partnerships between local governments, communities, and other
stakeholders are necessary to enable the integrated approaches that are absent from the
majority of Smart City projects in order to accomplish this.
In summary, India's Smart City Mission has fallen short of expectations on raising the
standard of living for its people. The mission has failed to produce the desired results in spite
of large investments and efforts.

COMPONENTS: -
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There are three technological components to make the Smart City. First one is Smart Grid.
Smart Grid is an electrical grid that makes use of technologies to integrate work such as
sensor and automated control systems to allow electrical power systems to know real time of
different status including Information System , Input System and Information Analysis
System. Second is Smart Building. Within 2050, over 70% of the world population will
reside in the buildings and much more in the future. That means the expectation of the
dwellers will be higher accordingly. Third is Smart Information and Communication
Technology. This year, more than 50 billion devices will be connected and 1 out of 5 will be
used in the buildings.

Important components of Smart Cities: -

Smart Environment: - Smart City is a city that utilizes advanced technology and innovation to
enhance the efficiency of services and urban planning, to reduce the cost and resources used
by the city and target population. This ideal city focuses on a good design and the
participation of the business sector and people in developing the city under the concept of a
better and modern city where city people will live happily and sustainably, and have a good
quality of life. Smart City is divided into several categories.

Smart Economy: - The city that uses digital technology to create value-added economic
systems and environmental management efficiently such as Smart Agricultural City, Smart
Tourism City, etc.
Smart Energy: - The city that has the capability to manage energy effectively, creates a
balance between production and the use of energy in the area to build stable energy and
decrease energy dependency from the main electricity network.

Smart Governance: - The city that develops a governmental service system with a focus on
transparency and engagement to facilitate people who need to access government news and
information. That development will be improved continuously through the application of
service innovation.

Smart Living: - The city that develops facilities with consideration in Universal Design to
promote a good quality of life and health of people so they can live a safe and happy life.
Smart Mobility: - The city that emphasizes the development of smart traffic and
transportation system to drive the country by elevating efficiency and connection between
transportation systems and various travel, increasing convenience and safety in that
connection, and being environmentally friendly.
Smart People: - The city that strives for developing knowledge, skills, and an environment
that empower lifetime learning, reduce inequality in society and economics, and pave the way
for creativity, innovation, and people engagement.

According to these criteria; The six components determined as "smart environment, smart
management, smart economy, smart life, smart society and smart transportation" are shown as
the basic components that smart cities should have. The data obtained from these six
components will only enable us to increase productivity and urban living standards when
evaluated from a holistic perspective. In this respect, it is important to reveal what the
expressed components contain in terms of understanding the concept of the smart city. In this
study, through a wide literature review and observation; by revealing the basic components
that smart cities should have, it was tried to be explained by evaluating the important issues
that these components indicate.
SMART CITY COMPONENTS INCLUDED IN THE MASTER PLAN OF KANNUR CITY

 Beautification of city and major roads

 Agriculture zone as green area for the town to keep the ecological balance of the town

 Buffer zone along the sides of rivers and streams to protect the natural flow

 Organic cultivation for smart health and smart living

 Solar lighting system to promote non-conventional energy use

 Water Supply Scheme by KWA to cover entire area ensuring that treated water reaches all

 Clean city projects which can improve hygiene, health as well as tourism

 Installation of dust bins for segregated collection

 Construction of comfort stations and she-toilets

 Bus bays and hi-tech waiting shelters

 Sewage plant

 Construction of drains and cover slabs

 Good governance project for smart governance which includes strengthening of e-

governance, monitoring cell, Citizen Forum, etc.

 Proposals for sustainable income generation

 Green Park and new park projects

 Disaster management projects – Multipurpose Rescue shelters with lifeline store

SOURCE: - www.smartcityjournal.com

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Significance of government initiatives in urban development :-

Urbanization in India with reference to growth of cities , pattern , growth its trends , causes
and prospects of urbanization , cost of urbanization , growth of urban population , resources
of urban development , spatial pattern of urbanization , problems of metropolitan cities in
India policy issues and their need , trends and projections for urbanization .

Urban Planning is a professional way of developing urban areas by making physical plans
and development regulations

Urban planning is a combination of social , economic , environment and constructive efforts

to make an urban dwelling a good , healthy place to live , work and to move around

It was done to ease the negative physical and social effects on people that arose with the
Industrial revolution , particularly in urban areas

The role of the government in community development is to act as a mediator and program
facilitator , particularly in terms of infrastructure procurement , training and development of
human resources .

Major Urban Development Mission in India :-

~ Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT)

~ Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) - Housing for all (Urban)

~ Smart Cities Mission (SCM)

~ Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM)

~ Heritage City Development and Argumentation Yojana (HRIDAY)

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) was thre recently concluded
long running Urban Development Mission of thr Government of India .

Urban Governance in India refers to the management of urban areas , including cities and
towns . It involves the coordination of various activities and services provided by the
government and other stakeholders to ensure the efficient functioning of cities and the well
being of urban residents

SOURCE: -www.thesmartcityjournal.com

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As per Global Liveability Index Rankings released in 2019 , by Economic Intelligence Unit ,
two major cities of India Delhi and Mumbai found itself slipping in the rankings it measures
the living conditions in 140 cities . It is the direct result of Urban Planning and Development .

The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission was launched in 2005 , it was then
implemented in central states
 CHAPTER 2

PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES

Evaluation of progress made in smart cities: -

Progress of the mission: - Out of a total of 7,821 projects worth Rs. 181 lakh crore, 5,343
projects worth Rs. 1 lakh crore have been successfully finished. So far, out of the total Rs.
48000 crore for the mission, Rs. 36,561 crore has been released and out of this 90% of the
fund has been utilized by the cities. According to the latest updates on Smart City Mission, 66
out of the selected 100 cities have not yet met their physical targets even after eight years.
Due to this, the deadline for the completion of the mission has been extended to July 2024.
The parliamentary committee reports that “Progress of work is from 80% to 100% in 57 cities
amongst which Madurai is the only Smart City which has completed 100% of smart city
projects by December 2023. However, progress of work is 50% or below 50% in 14
cities.”14 Feb 2024. The Progress of the Smart City Mission (SCM): - Of the total proposed
projects under this mission, 5,924 projects have been tendered, work orders have been issued
for 5,236 and 2,665 projects are fully operational. 212 PPP projects worth Rs. 24,964 crore
have been grounded/completed. 70 Smart cities have developed and operationalized their
Integrated Command and Control Centres (ICCCs) in the country. The number of projects
completed under the Smart Cities Mission includes:

 Smart Roads – 310

 Smart Solar – 57

 Smart Water – 101

 PPP – 123

 Vibrant Public Places – 72

Apart from the general themes and categories for which India Smart Cities Awards are
released every year, for 2020, two new themes were added to this list. These included the
Sustainable Business model of ICCC and Innovation award, especially in COVID
Management.

The implementation of the Mission at the City level will be done by a Special Purpose
Vehicle (SPV) created for the purpose. The SPV will plan, appraise, approve, release funds,
implement, manage, operate, monitor and evaluate the Smart City development projects. The
SPV would be a limited company incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013, at the city
level and would be formulated through equity contributions from the state and Central
governments. The private sector or financial institutions can be considered for an equity stake
in the SPV; however, the shareholding pattern of 50:50 of the state/union territory and the
ULB has to be maintained and they together should have a majority shareholding and control
of the SPV. The SPV would be headed by a full-time CEO and would be appointed with the
approval of the MoUD. The board of directors shall be constituted by representatives of the
Central Government, state government, ULB, independent directors as well as the CEO and
functional directors. The Divisional Commissioner/ Collector/Municipal Commissioner/Chief
Executive of the Urban Development Authority shall be the Chairperson of the SPV.

Source: - www.studyx.ai

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Smart Cities Mission Success Stories: -

Project in Ahmedabad: Sensor-based monitoring of the water network resulted in an

additional supply of 50 million litres a day (MLD) by detecting leakages.

Project in Indore: A gravity-based network was used to prevent 205 MLD of untreated
sewage from entering the Kahn river, the Saraswati river and the network of 25 drains.

Project in Visakhapatnam: Mudasarlova Reservoir Floating Solar Plant led to an annual

electricity generation of 3,613 MWh and saved $0.28 million. The project prevented the
emission of over 3,000 tonnes of CO2.
Digital Transformation: Implementation of smart technologies for efficient governance and
service delivery. For instance, Integrated Command and Control Centres (ICCCs
Digital) with smart features for monitoring and managing cities have been operationalised in
all the 100 Smart Cities.

SOURCE: - www.thesmartcityjournal.com

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Identification of common challenges and obstacles faced

Challenges associated by Smart Cities: - Mission Deadline Extension is a crucial point.

The Smart Cities Mission supposed to conclude by June 2023 but it was extended till June
2024 to finish pending projects. Funding Challenges may be a important
challenge. Lakshadweep, Daman and Diu, Puducherry, and Port Blair received less than 50%
of pledged central funds. In the case of State/ULB contribution, only 28 cities received 100%
of their share from states/ULBs with funds released below 60% in 14 cities by states/ULBs.

Failure in Fundraising Mechanisms:

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): Only 6% of Smart Cities Mission projects are funded
through PPPs instead of the recommended 21%. About 50 cities couldn’t generate any
funding through PPPs.

Loans: Proposed 5% funding through loans not met, except in six cities viz. Bhopal, Hubbali-
Dharwad, Kochi, Visakhapatnam, Chandigarh, and Srinagar. Out of the proposed ₹9,844
crore, cities managed ₹5,298 crore (54%) through loans.
Execution Challenges: The report highlighted that there was a lack of a robust mechanism to
ensure coordination and smooth and harmonized monitoring. For example, the committee
noted that the frequent transfer of Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) and the lack of clear
guidelines and directions for dedicated CEOs with fixed tenure by the ministry is one of the
reasons for projects facing delays. Ineffective Advisory Forum Meetings: The committee
noted that the state-level advisory forum meetings which include MP, MLA, Mayor, District
Collector, and CEOs of the smart cities are not held regularly. On average, 1-8 meetings have
taken place in the first five years of the scheme. Further, in Amravati and Imphal, no meeting
took place.

Absence of Master Plans: Master plans are essential for determining land and infrastructure
requirements for urban use. According to a report by NITI Ayog titled “Reforms in Urban
Planning Capability in India”, master plans are absent in 65 per cent

SOURCE: -www.thesmartcityjournal.com

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Few of the biggest challenges of smart cities.

Privacy concerns, Smart cities security issues, Challenges with legislation, Economic
Improvements, more intelligent use of data, Greater connection & efficiency. One of the
major challenges of implementing IoT and smart city projects in developing countries is
the lack of adequate and reliable infrastructure, such as electricity, internet, roads, and
buildings.

CHALLENGES: -

A lot of progress is desired in creating energy-efficient and green buildings. Making Urban
Bodies self-reliant. The share of public transport is declining, it needs to be increased to meet
the needs of increasing urbanization. Rising air pollution, increase in road congestion due to
an increase in urbanization. Technological Integration and Infrastructure: One of the primary
hurdles in developing smart cities is the integration of advanced technologies into existing
urban infrastructure. Data Privacy and Security: The backbone of a smart city is data.
According to urban planners, the major challenges of urbanization for India in the years
ahead are the inability of the cities to provide basic needs such as safe drinking water, clean
air, good quality public transport and roads and pavements for their residents and material to
move from one place to another.

SOURCE: - www.vestian.link

The Figure 10 is associate by the context

Case studies illustrating successes and setbacks in implementation

Nagpur has emerged as the topmost smart city in India. In just five months, Nagpur has
beaten other cities chosen before it to get the best implementation of smart city plan. A recent
stock-taking exercise conducted by urban development ministry has revealed that Nagpur,
though chosen as a smart city in September 2016 much after 33 smart cities in two previous
rounds has achieved the best investment conversion ratio. India's smart city program hopes to
revolutionize city life and improve the quality of life for India's urban population. In the
absence of a zonal plan, many parts of Dehradun have witnessed haphazard development
over the years, which has already caused much damage to the vision of a planned smart city.
Smart City would require smart economy, bright people, smart organization, smart
communication, smart engineering, smart transit, fresh environment and bright living.
Nevertheless, with mass migration leading to basic problems, like water shortages and
overcrowding, the rate at which these cities will be developed will be the key. Several
initiatives are being led by the Government of India to convert 100 Cities into Smart Cities.
Government to Actively Use PPP Route and Encourage FDI for Effective Implementation of
Smart Cities Project in India.

SOURCE: -www.aligra.com

The Figure 11 is associate by the context-

Setbacks in Implementing the Program: -

One of the main challenges of implementing smart cities is the lack of financial resources to
fund the project. Smart cities require significant investment in technology, infrastructure, and
services. Governments and private organizations need to invest in projects that provide long-
term benefits, such as improved energy efficiency, better public transportation, and improved
access to healthcare. Data security is another challenge of implementing smart cities. As data
is collected from sensors, cameras, and other devices, it needs to be securely stored and
protected from unauthorized access. Governments, businesses, and individuals all need to be
aware of the risks and take appropriate measures to protect the data. Regulations vary from
country to country, making it difficult for organizations to implement smart city projects in
different markets. Governments need to ensure that the regulations are up-to-date and that
they do not create unnecessary barriers to entry. Lack of public engagement; Without public
engagement, it is difficult to ensure that the benefits of a smart city project reach all citizens.
Governments need to engage citizens in the process and ensure that their voices are heard in
the development of the project. Skills gap; Implementing a smart city requires a wide range
of skills, from engineering to data analytics. Organizations need to invest in training and
development to ensure that they have the right people with the right skills. These challenges
can be overcome by investing in the right technology, engaging citizens in the process, and
creating a supportive regulatory environment. Governments, businesses, and citizens all need
to work together to ensure that smart city projects are successful. The major ethical
challenges of smart city development would lie in finding ways to promote voluntary
participation in smart city endeavours, to enhance residents' voices, and to protect people's
digital rights in process of smartification Reinventing Paris – France Since 2014, Paris has
been organizing an initiative to reinvent its urban mode of production. Within the city’s urban
fabrics, projects emerged from a model that blends in the debate between heritage and
cultural preservation and the urgent 21st-century issues facing the city, such as density,
sustainability and urban resilience. With Réinventer Paris (Reinventing Paris), Réinventer la
Seine (Reinventing the River Seine), Reinventing Cities and Inventons la Métropole du
Grand Paris (Inventing the Greater Paris Metropolis), innovative reinventions contribute to
modernizing Paris without changing its core sociocultural characteristics. The selected sites,
often abandoned or underused facilities, required an innovative real estate development
approach with ambitious sustainability targets. Paris called for talent internationally to
respond to two rounds of innovative urban projects under Reinventing Paris. The first round,
launched in 2014, attracted 372 project submissions for 23 sites, with 21 winning projects
delivered or under construction since 2016. All projects were developed and evaluated by
international and multidisciplinary teams that brought together architects, city planners, real
estate developers, artists, start-ups, designers, landscape architects and civil society
associations. Building on the momentum and success of the first round, the second round of
Reinventing Paris was launched in 2017, with 22 projects chosen from more than 200
submissions. Among them were innovative business models and programmes focused on the
city’s underground spaces. Inspired by the success of Paris, the C40 Cities Climate
Leadership Group launched

SOURCE: -www.thesmartcityjournal.com

The Figure 12 is associate by the context-

Bájale al Acoso (Turn Down Harassment) – Quito, Ecuador Bájale al Acoso, implemented in
Quito, aims to fight sexual harassment in the public transport system through instant
reporting via SMS text messages. The challenge was to tackle sexual harassment issues on
public transport and lead a dynamic cultural change to create a safe and inclusive public
transit system. In 2014, Quito developed protocols to educate municipal civil servants on how
to approach situations of sexual violence. After the 2016 declaration to join the UN Women’s
Safe Cities Global Initiative, the Municipality of Quito developed action plans and, led by an
interdisciplinary team, implemented Bájale al Acoso. An immediate response by a team of
psychologists, social workers and lawyers was designed. The project was piloted on
municipal buses and then implemented on all public transport systems. In two years, 2,800
cases of sexual harassment were reported, and 73 perpetrators were prosecuted after legal
suits. Besides the legal punishment against harassers as derived from Bájale al Acoso, the
strategy has raised a broader public awareness of gender violence and the need to create a
safer environment for women. The momentum generated is contributing to building a more
equal and inclusive society to empower women. Buenos Aires (Argentina) and other cities are
replicating this project. Next, Estaciones Saludables (Health Stations) – Buenos Aires,
Argentina Estaciones Saludables is a programme to promote a healthy diet and living habits
to prevent obesity, malnutrition and other chronic diseases caused by an unhealthy lifestyle
among citizens in Buenos Aires. The stations are located around main parks and squares with
varied timetables to make the healthy habits consultancy services accessible to residents in all
neighbourhoods. Non-communicable diseases, including obesity, diabetes, high blood
pressure and high cholesterol, account for three-quarters of deaths in Argentina. Smoking,
excessive alcohol consumption, bad nutrition (insufficient intake of vegetables) and a lack of
physical exercise are the main risk factors leading to diabetes, heart disease, cancer, lung and
kidney diseases. These disease are preventable; by eliminating the main risk factors, 80% of
heart diseases, strokes and type-2 diabetes, as well as 40% of cancers, could be avoided. The
Health Stations programme is part of the larger public health initiative, Desarrollo Saludable
(Health Development), launched by the City of Buenos Aires to promote healthy habits and
detect risk factors, such as physical inactivity, poor diet and tobacco use through training,
consulting on health, and events. Many activities have been organized around the Healthy
Stations to engage different age groups to participate in healthy living movements. Initiatives
for food and sports are encouraged with free services, such as using Healthy Stations free of
charge to celebrate Healthy Birthdays for children under 12 years of age, and sports gear can
be rented for free through Puro Movimiento (Pure Movement). Since 2014, Despertar
Saludable (Healthy Awareness) programmes have organized around Healthy Stations on the
weekends for the elderly with free sports activities, games, dancing and cognitive workshops
for memory exercises. Thematic nutrition talks on seasonal fruits and vegetables were
planned for the month of March. Next, Harnessing City Data – Singapore Singapore has been
harnessing data to enhance services and create economic value by leveraging a combination
of government and private-sector data in a citywide data platform. This effort supports better
decision-making and planning in six pilots, including health. Singapore’s growing elderly
population requires services to support independent living and quality care. What Why
ConnectedLife’s home monitoring solution provides insights to health providers, the
insurance industry and government. The solution combines smart technology (IoT, such as
motion and sound sensors, data analytics and AI), 24/7 personal assistance and customized
insurance coverage from the insurance provider Aviva. It provides caregivers with real-time
information and insurance companies with better data, and allows families to protect their
elderly members. The solution was developed using DEX, a decentralized citywide data
exchange which combines private- and public-sector data. How Scale Other cities, such as
Amsterdam, Barcelona, Copenhagen, Dubai, London and New York, are also combining
private-sector data sets with government data to enhance services and create economic value.
Innovative cities are creating citywide data platforms to provide data sets to develop practical

These risks could result in delaying or even terminating some projects. This paper
investigates the risks in smart city projects and discusses some strategies to deal with them.
These risks can be categorized as business, technical, organizational, project management,
and political risks.

CHAPTER 3

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES AND POLICIES

OVERVIEW OF GOVERNMENT POLICIES SUPPORTING URBAN

DEVELOPMENT.

Urban Development is a sided attempt that needs broad government policies to face different
challenges and opportunities. In past few years, government around the globe have highly
known the significance of sustainable urbanization and have applied so many initiatives to
uphold it. Now, we will examine several government policies supporting urban Development
being sticked on Funding Mechanism, Partnerships, and the role of central and local
government in driving the smart city mission.

Ÿ FUNDING MECHANISM AND PARTNERSHIPS

Source: - www.google.com

Figure 13 demonstrates the following

Funding urban development projects needs substantial financial resources, which regularly
cross the capacity of each government. As a result, government has increased the innovative
funding mechanisms and Partnerships to finance urban infrastructure and services. Some of
them are, Public-private partnerships; the public-private partnership (PPPs) model can be a
useful approach for financing, developing, and managing urban infrastructure projects. PPPs
allow access to private funding, share risks, and often lead to efficient project delivery.
Governments can choose from various PPP models, such as build-operate-transfer (BOT),
build-own-operate-transfer (BOOT), and design-build-finance-operate (DBFO), depending
on the specific requirements of the project.

Source: - www.fastercapital.com

Figure 14 demonstrates the following-

Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs): MDBs, like the world bank, Asian development
bank, and African development bank, has an important role in helping finances for urban
development projects in developed and developing countries. They give loans, grants and
assistance in technology to build infrastructure, to build capacity, and for reforming policies.
MDBs usually give priority to the projects that assist sustainable urbanization, resilience,
and growth.

Source: - WWW.WALLSTREETMOJO.COM

Figure 15 demonstrates the following-

Municipal Bonds: Municipal Bonds are loan security offered by the local government for
completing infrastructure projects like Streets, fly overs, water providing system and
government building. Municipal bonds give a low cost way for government to raise money
from investors. Interests charged on Municipal bonds are generally tax free making them a
good effective option for investment for people who pay high taxes. The money from the

bonds are usually utilized in expenditures. The repayments are gained from the future
revenue stream.

Green Finance: The governments are highly focusing on eco-friendly urban development by
the help of Green Finance as growing stress on environmental sustainability. Some of the
components of Green Finance are- Green change, lessen the Greenhouse gas release and
improve the environment quality. Governments are trying to promote urban sustainable
development and convey lowering of environmental issues bonds, green loans, and climate
funds. These provide funds for projects which reduce climate change.
Source: -WWW.UNEP.ORG

Figure 16 demonstrates the above context.

Role of Central and Local Governments in Driving the Smart Cities

Mission.

In 2015, the Indian government introduced the smart city mission which focuses on
modifying 100 cities from the entire country into a sustainable urban city which is also
suitable for citizens, using advanced technologies and innovative ideas. To operate the
modification and create an environment where stakeholders (public companies, private
companies, academic institutions, and society organizations) can freely share their opinion,
ask their queries and respect each other's decisions, both local and central governments
contribute. Central Government Role is Policy guidance, support in technology and support
in finance to simplify the achievement of smart city mission is offered by the central
government. Smart city issues, which asked cities to create an in-depth plan and compete for
funding based on their vision, and plan for execution is the first step. A smart city mission
directorate is also introduced by the central government to regulate and observe upon the
execution of smart city projects all over India. Local Government Role is Executing smart
city plans, moving the resources, communication with stakeholders, and observation of
progress are done by the local government. So they play an important role towards execution.
The government is inspired to include the decisions of citizens so that the mission can meet
the needs and priorities of the society. Collaborative Governance is the mutual work of the
central government and local government as well as the communication with other
stakeholders is very important for the execution and success of the Smart city mission. City
level committees, task force, and public-private partnerships are some mutual governance
mechanisms which make possible the sharing of information, operation, and making of
decisions. The governments and stakeholders can increase their strength and resources to
attain the target and provide huge benefits to urban residents. Governments worldwide have
created several State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in order to serve public functions, to
capitalize national economic and natural resources of strategic interest or even to support
economic growth (Dewenter & Malatesta, 1997; U.S. General Accounting Office,
1988). Various analyses (Andrés et al., 2011; Netter & Megginson, 2001) depict that
Governments encourage SOEs’ privatization, especially for market linerization and for
debt losses’ control. Moreover, the same studies illustrate that the remaining SOEs
deal with traditional economic activities and social services (European Commission,
2004) or with resources’ management of public interest (i.e., water and electricity
supply, oil drilling and mineral mining, public transportation etc.). Further to the above,
States induct SOEs for new markets’ creation since it holds the power to support national and
regional economic growth via framework programs and public projects. In Brazil (Trebat,
1983) and Greece (Lioukas et al., 1993) for instance, SOEs have initiated alternative
energy production and/or telecommunication markets, while in Post-Soviet States (Bilsen
& Konings, 1998) and China (Mako & Zhang, 2003) SOEs have developed and controlled
the entire market before or until their transition.

The Smart Cities that are selected: -

Source: - www.thesmartcityjournal.com

Fig no. 17 shows the 100 cities that were chosen for the smart city mission in 2015.

Government policies have an important role in implementing urban development. They

provide mechanisms for funding, partnership with stakeholders and mutual governance. This
is a clear illustration of the importance of mutual coordination of local and central
government in operating urban transformation and uplifting technology and innovative skills.
They can fulfil the hard challenges of urbanisation. They create sustainable, inclusive,
vibrant, livable cities for current and future generations. At present, this market is getting
substantial support from the UK Government. Cities, the private sector and communities are
increasingly recognising that they need to work together in order to make the most of the
smart agenda. Cities should find their own definition of what ‘smart’ means, mainly by
integrating smarter technologies with their economic development and public services plans
and considering how technology or use of data might help them achieve existing objectives
more effectively. Further focusing on pragmatic approaches. And adopting a participatory
approach to setting and delivering strategies and initiatives. Cities can also start joining up
efforts across departments, releasing more of their data, learning from international case
studies on what works and what doesn’t, joining new networks, and collaborating with the
private sector and other partners to test products and identify new business models to take
projects forward.

The private sector should work in partnership with cities on designing products and services
that are financially viable and respond to local needs and challenges. Further publicise
international solutions that might be replicated in the UK and partner with cities to test new
products. Next, work with relevant parties on identifying and building the business models
needed to enable to take projects forward.

The Government should continue to make funding available to test new products and
initiatives and also make sure that efforts are coordinated rather than isolated (across the
different Catapults for example, where there is currently a risk of unintended duplication).
Further, initiatives like the Smart Cities Forum involve representatives and gather insights
from all the relevant sectors. Next, Interventions stay flexible and steer away from focusing
on certain sectors/initiatives, recognising that cities have varying needs. Furthermore, The
smart cities concept has gained a lot of attention lately and it will most likely continue to do
so in the future. Cities are publishing smart plans, related conferences are trending and more
and more books are being written on the subject.

Governments, businesses and societies across the world have suffered severe disruption from
the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic since late 2019, and by April 2020 economic
activity had collapsed almost everywhere. Cities and urban areas, the engines of economic
growth, faced their biggest public health and economic challenge in modern times.
Vaccination programmes have now started, and these will play a big part in getting cities and
countries back on their feet. However, the pandemic has left behind a trail of economic
destruction, especially in cities and urban areas. Mayors are concerned about the impact of
the pandemic on their local economies and finances. Respondents to a Deloitte-ESI survey4
of 167 cities globally ranked the pandemic and damage to the economy as the two biggest
external disruptions facing cities today.5 In addition to the economic challenges, city leaders
have been hard pressed to improve public health infrastructure and build resilience to counter
further outbreaks

However, some cities are better placed than others to develop and implement the policies
required. In fact, around half of the world’s urban population live in settlements with fewer
than 500,000 inhabitants, where they do not have the same level of resources as global cities
such as Seoul and Singapore.7 Knowledge-sharing between cities is therefore crucial to rapid
progress. This is the starting point for this report and.

CHAPTER 4
 IMPACT AND BENEFITS

Assessment of socio-economic impact of smart city projects

Accessing the socio-economic impact of smart city projects involves estimating how such
initiatives affect multiple parts of public lives, including economical opportunities, basic
quality of living, social equity and environmental sustainability. Some important point to
know are ECONOMICAL DEVELOPMENT which means Smart City projects can enhance
economical growth by attracting various investments, nurturing innovations and
entrepreneurship, and creating new job opportunities specifically in the field of technology,
urban networks and other required services. Then there is ENHANCED NETWORKS which
includes uplifting infrastructure with enhanced efficiency, reduction in operational costs, and
improve the necessary public services including transportation, healthcare facilities,
educational facilities and utilities helping people in need including benefiting residents and
providing businessman. Next, IMPROVEMENT IN QUALITY OF LIFE which have Smart
city initiative which helps us in improving our daily living standards by providing necessary
services, promoting healthy lifestyle, reduction in pollution, working on public safety and
opening ways to more modern resources. Next, SOCIAL INCLUSION which means ensuring
that the ongoing smart city projects are inclusive and available to each and every resident,
including marked communities, is equally essential. Important measures such as digital
literacy program, providing basic amenities like affordable houses, food, clothes and access
to public transportation can help in breaking social differences and promote equality. Next,
we do have ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY which means smart city technologies
can lead to Environmental Sustainability by optimizing use in resources, reduction in
consumption of energy resources and helping in minimization of energy waste, promoting
enhancement in renewable energy sources, and studying the impact of climate change for
daily transportation and other uses of public. Furthermore, DATA PRIVACY AND DATA
SECURITY which includes noting problems related to data privacy, cybersecurity, and
surveillance is important in smart city projects to protect private data of an individual. Next,
COMMUNITY COMMITMENT which includes communication in residents , business,
Civil groups and other important people involved in planning , execution and overviewing of
smart city projects is very important for ensuring that these procedures meet the requirements
of a community.
SOURCE: - www.researchgate.net

Figure 18 demonstrates the following context.

BENEFITS REALIZED BY CITIZENS AND BUSINESSES

In smart cities mission, citizen and businesses can be benefitted by numerous advancements
including improves urban infrastructure, upgraded public services through technology
improvements, efficient transportation systems, improved waste management, increased
safety and security levels, easy access to digital platforms for better communication and
engagement with people and a sustainable environment through resource innovation and
conserve works in progress. All if this is done to create a more living efficient and modern
cities for residents and businesses alike and these benefits can result from government
initiatives, advance technology and responsible residents. This section sheds light on the
multifold benefits, on numerous levels, of smart cities. First, let us define a smart city,
although there is no one universal definition. A broad definition of a smart city is the use of
information and communications technology (ICT) in governance and daily life in a city. In
fact, the first use of the phrase “smart city” dates back to 1990 and has been associated with
globalization, technology, and creativity. It can also be defined as an instrumented,
interconnected, and intelligent city (Harrison et al., 2010). A third definition of smart cities
involves outlining their characteristics, including but not limited to economy, governance,
environment, people, and mobility. Each definition includes elements of technical structure,
application domain, system integration, and data processing.

There are multiple benefits for smart cities, offering solutions for urbanization-caused
challenges and new approaches for optimal policy making. These benefits become visible
when shining light on the varieties of application domains of smart cities. First, smart cities
make government work more efficient. It enhances e-governance, including services such as
e-taxation and online documentation of public documents. It also boosts the role of the
government in emergency response, transparency, and public safety (Yin et al., 2015).
Relatedly, smart cities focus on users, i.e., citizens, to ease their lifestyle, including public
transportation that reduces traffic, ample high-quality education and health services, and
enhances social cohesion by boosting well-being (Yin et al., 2015). Third, smart cities are
designed to make businesses more prosperous by diversifying efficient and need-based
production in various sectors starting with agriculture and injecting innovation into
entrepreneurship, marketing, and management. Fourth, smart cities enhance environmental
protection. Smart cities are ideally based on renewable energy sources and sustainable water
supply, reducing all types of pollution (Yin et al., 2015). Relatedly, to achieve environmental
sustainability, smart cities implement resilient infrastructure, including the industrial structure
and sewage system, necessary for the long-term prosperity of the city.

Source: - www.researchgate.net

Figure 19 demonstrates the following context.

While the multitude of benefits of smart cities are attracting governors worldwide,
transitioning into a smart city requires dedicated policy initiatives. The following section
outlines necessary pillars and governmental curtail investments to realize the benefits of a
smart city. For example, in the MENA region, a new city called “The Line” is envisioned to
grasp all mentioned benefits through its smartly planned infrastructure and even going
beyond. As a new city, it is possible to design it on a line that is planned to optimize
transportation inefficiencies, minimizing the time needed for personal mobility and business
logistics. Another example is Abu Dhabi’s Masdar City, which is often seen as a frontrunner
for smart city development, reaching interconnectedness and minimal environmental
pollution through large greenfield investments (Ringel, 2021). This top-down government-
steered transition to smart cities is typical for the smart city approach in the MENA region
(with dedicated initiatives of high prominence in Casablanca, Algiers, Cairo, Kuwait, Doha,
Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and many more). Top-down steering can be highly effective for efficient,
homogeneous interconnected infrastructure based on a smart electricity grid and allows for
precise long-term planning—although this is dependent on the management ability to
coordinate the implementation

Smart cities that leverage connected technology across their operations reap a host of
benefits. From our extensive research and work helping cities develop technology plans, here
are 10 benefits we see cities derive from smart technologies every day are more effective,

data-driven decision-making. Advancements in “big data” and connected devices have

allowed cities access to information that’s never been available before. A well-designed data
analytics strategy gives city officials the ability to access and analyse a massive amount of
information and easily glean meaningful, actionable insights. Effective big data applications
and strategies provide a city with information to identify and staff police in high-risk areas,
for example, as well as forecast and plan for expansion in citywide population growth and
identify trends in citizen interests, concerns, and needs. Then, enhanced citizen and

government engagement in which citizens today expect their cities to deliver robust, user-
friendly digital services. Collaboration tools, modern and intuitive websites, mobile
applications, self-service portals, and convenient online accounts have become the standard
in many facets of life, and citizens expect no less from their city. Expanding digital services
in communities make smart cities a more attractive place for residents to live and promote a
connected citizen experience.Accessible government data, interactive maps, government
performance dashboards, transparency into budgeting, live-streamed city hall meetings, and a
strong social media presence all assist smart cities in creating closer relationships with
citizens. These smart technologies help increase civic engagement and trust in city officials.
Furthermore, safer communities. A smart city is a safer city. Leveraging technology advances
and pursuing private/public partnerships help reduce criminal activity. Technologies such as
license plate recognition, gunshot detectors, connected crime centres, next-generation 911,
and body cameras all give law enforcement an edge while on the job. Next is reduced
environmental footprint. With the rise of greenhouse gases, debris in our oceans, and trash in
our streets, smart cities are fighting back to reduce negative effects on the environment.
Energy-efficient buildings, air quality sensors, and renewable energy sources are providing
cities with new tools to shrink their ecological impact. Moving forward, Improved

transportation. Smart city transportation investments are expected to rise over 25 percent
annually over the next five years. Connected transportation systems have some of the greatest
potential to drastically enhance efficiencies throughout a city. From enhanced traffic
management to public transit riders' ability to track bus or train locations, smart technologies
allow cities to better serve citizens despite often rapidly growing populations. In 2014, the
City of Chicago launched a mobile application to allow citizens to make online payments,
view updated bus and train schedules, and track vehicles in real-time. The app works across
all city public transit options and has made using the city's transportation systems easier for
Chicago residents. Further is Increased digital equity. Smart city technology has the ability to
create a more equitable environment for citizens. To ensure digital equity, individuals must
have access to high-speed internet services and to affordable devices. The adoption of public
Wi-Fi hotspots strategically placed throughout a city can offer reliable internet services to all
residents. Next is New economic development opportunities. The public investment in smart
city technology has a large potential multiplier effect up to 10 times, according to a recent
report, which means massive expansion in gross domestic product growth when cities
innovate. Many large private sector companies are also teaming up with local governments to
invest millions of dollars in smart city infrastructure and initiatives. Smart city investments
are playing an increasingly important role in enhancing cities' regional and global
competitiveness to attract new residents and businesses. Providing an open data platform with
access to city information, businesses are better able to make informed decisions through data
analytics from integrated smart city technologies. Further is Efficient public utilities. With a
limited supply of natural resources available to meet human demand, smart technologies are
giving cities the tools needed to effectively conserve and reduce the inadvertent waste of
water and electricity. Smart sensors now allow cities to quickly identify leaks in pipes and fix
damaged segments in a shortened time frame, reducing the amount of water lost. Smart
electric grids also allow for two-way communication between electricity providers and
consumers to help better identify times of peak usage and outages. Moving forward is

Improved infrastructure. Aging roads, bridges, and buildings often require massive
investments to maintain and repair over their service lives. Smart technology can provide
cities with predictive analytics to identify areas that need to be fixed before there is an
infrastructure failure. Smart technology can provide cities with predictive analytics to

identify areas that need to be fixed before there is an infrastructure failure. Smart sensors can
transmit data showing adverse structural changes, identify tilts or cracks in buildings and
bridges, and send messages to notify personnel of the need for inspections or maintenance.
These capabilities present a massive opportunity for cities to save tax dollars — and lives —
on preventable infrastructure failures. And, Increased workforce engagement. A highly
effective workforce is an essential criterion for realizing an efficient smart city. Deploying
smart technologies helps alleviate the burden of manual tasks that many city employees face
every day. The advancement in autonomous agent capabilities, mobile devices, bots, and
sensors allow city employees to steer their efforts towards more strategic initiatives, reducing
time spent on the day-to-day manual operations. Smart cities can transform the work
environment by streamlining manual processes and giving employees greater opportunities to
reach their full potential while also providing citizens with improved services. It's hard to
ignore the many benefits connected cities offer. As with any significant citywide technology
initiative, though, implementation takes vision, investment, and careful planning to ensure
adoption and success. Taking the first steps toward picturing what your smart city might look
like is, well, the smart thing to do.

Source: - www.researchgate.com

Figure 20 demonstrates the following context.

LONG-TERM IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN
DEVELOPMENT

The long-term implications of sustainable urban development are significant and they include
Environmental Sustainability. In this type of environment reduces carbon emissions,
increased pollution and thus leads to improved air quality, water quality and climate
resilience. Next is, Economical-growth. By venturing in such sustainable infrastructure, cities
can clearly get more and more work and they can work on efficient innovation thus boost the
economy. It also helps in minimising long term costs related to resource consumption and
waste management and other issues concerning long term implications for sustainable urban
development. Third is Social Equality. The top priority of a development urban society is
equality. It aims to limit differences between various people and its motive is to equalise the
access of resources to every individual equally and make all of them feel as equally important
part of this society. This will reduce differences between individuals and increase their
motivation to work together to develop a sustainable urban city. Fourth is Adaptability to
challenges. Sustainable cities are better equipped to stand upright and adapt natural
challenges like disasters, resource scarcity and other risks by developing adaptability into
urban planning and design, cities can minimize risks and ensure the availability of essential
services in difficult times. Thus, adapting to challenges is very important in order to live well
and contribute to urban city development. Fifth is Long-Term Living Ability. Sustainable
urban development increases the living abilities of urban cities by promoting social equality,
efficient public transportation and other living conditions. this promotes cultural mutuality
within residents contributing to high quality of life.

Source: - www.researchgate.com

Figure 21 demonstrate the above written context.

 CHAPTER 5

FUTURE DIRECTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

-ANTICIPATED TRENDS IN SMART CITY DEVELOPMENT

It includes internet of Things (IOT) integration which means Smart cities increasingly rely on
IoT technology. It’s the process of connecting independently designed applications and data
to coordinate together. once connected it helps in sharing and making full use of an
equipment. Then there is 5G networks. This will increase connectivity. It will unleash the full
potential of IoT applications. It will create new wave of innovative and interconnected urban
solutions. Next is Big Data and Data Analytics. Big data refers to data set which is too large
and bulky to be handled by traditional data processing application software while data
analytics focusses on extracting meaningful insights from data to aid decision making
process. Then there is Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning which means Smart cities
can use artificial intelligence to see their effect on the local environment, global warming and
pollution level. Using AI and ML within pollution control and energy consumption, allows
authorities to make good decisions for the environment. Further is smart grid and renewable
energy integration: It can help smart cities achieve sustainable urban growth by reducing
carbon emissions, improving energy efficiency, and increasing energy security. Then there is
Smart transportation which includes management, efficiency and safety. In other words,
smart transportation uses new and emerging technologies to make moving around a place
more convenient and cost effective. Then there is Smart buildings and infrastructure. A smart
city includes “smart connections “for items like street lightening, smart buildings, equally
distributed energy resources (DER), data analytics and efficient transportation. Then there is
public safety and security. It includes smart surveillance cameras equipped with smart video
analytics which is another part of IoT contributing to public safety as these cameras can
easily detect suspicious behaviours and crime and thus arrest the involved criminals. Next is
Environmental monitoring and waste management. Smart bins with sensors which can
provide data on fill levels, waste types, and disposal pattern. This calculated data can improve
sustainability by enhancing waste collection efficiency, lowering operational costs and
reducing the environmental impact of waste management practices.

Source: - www.startus-insights.com

Figure 22 demonstrates that there are 3298 new startups and emerging companies have been
analysed in 2024 adopting the smart city trend. The smart city trend includes Smart mobility,
Digital citizens, public safety and security, Smart energy, E-governance, Green urban
planning, Advanced waste management, Smart buildings, Advanced water management,
intelligent farming. The figure also shows the name and logo of the startup companies. It
totally gives the data.

- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OVERCOMING CHALLENGES AND

MAXIMIZING IMPACT

Stakeholder collaboration is an important point because such meetups and collabs among
government, industries, businesses and citizens to ensure a step in completion of goals and
resources. Next is Data security which means Assigning unbreakable cybersecurity measures
to protect sensitive data and private files, it develops trust and confidence in smart city
technologies. Then there is Comprehensiveness which ensure technology placements
consider the requirement of every citizen including those with disabilities or limited access to
resources to create meaningful solutions. Next, Citizen Involvement. It involves citizen in
decision making and thus makes them feel a part of this process and keeps them involved and
they can help in making solid decisions and required feedback to improve their smart city.
Then we do have Ongoing Evaluation which Continuously accessing the effectiveness of our
applied measured and strategies for smart city development is equally important for our
continuous growth to respond to evolving challenges and opportunities. Further is
Partnerships which includes encouraging partnerships within government, private sectors
companies, research institutes and other valid organisations like startups, accelerating
innovation and others. Next is Sustainable Solutions. Sustainability in smart cities,
infrastructure development, controlling pollution, optimizing resource usage should be our
topmost priority as they can directly impact our environment. Then there is Regulatory
Framework. Develop clear and easily adaptable framework to look over the smart city
technologies, balancing innovation with legal procedures. Next is Education and skills
Development. Investment in these parts will empower citizens and their knowledge which
will be extremely useful in smart cities development program. Then there is Resilience
Planning. This kind of planning helps us to prevent risks from natural disasters, cyber threats
and other threats ensuring continuity of essential services and requirements in times of
disasters.

POTENTIAL AREAS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH AND INNOVATION

Firstly, Urban Mobility which means Affordable and sustainable transport means, with
automatic vehicles, electric vehicles and a good traffic management system to reduce
crowding and reduce emissions needs to be developed. Second is Energy management. For
efficient energy generation, distributing them to the public, and consuming optimization like
renewable energy improvement, there is a need for searching new innovative ideas. Third is
Digital infrastructure which includes improvement in network fields such as high-speed
broadbands, 5G data network, to support industries with real-time data analysis, working with
IoT devices etc. Fourth is Resilience and Disaster management which includes Searching for
plans to improve tackling natural disasters such as earthquake and flood, cyber-crimes,
pandemics (such as COVID-19), other emergency situations, by the help of prior warning
signals, suitable infrastructure designs. Fifth is Healthcare and wellbeing which includes
increasing the use of monitoring devices, IoT sensors, self-wearing equipment to monitor the
health status of the public, promote preventive measures and provide personal caring. Sixth is
Governance and civic engagement: Search of new balance model of governing, engaging
public in decision making by creating platform, and creating services connecting government
and public which can increase transparency, and participation in democracy. Then seventh is
Urban Agriculture and Food Security: Searching for good agriculture methods in urban areas,
stable food production modules, vertical farming in urban areas for enhancing food security,
uplifting the economy of local food, and reducing carbon waste. The last is Cultural Heritage
Preservation. The effective storytelling methods, using VR models to show in video method,
using digital tools can be used to preserve and uplift the cultural heritage, our traditions and
history of the smart city.

REFERENCES: -

WEBSITES USED FOR CONTENT

1.Chatgpt 3.5

2.Gitunex

3.Workflow

4.Trigyn technology

5.BYJU’s

6.Onlyias