HUMAN SETTLEMENT

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY
c. CATAL HUYUK (7000-9000) turkey
● Control over food supply
● Need to produce supply ● Was a very large settlement in
● Systematic cultivation southern Anatolia.
● Social unit form family to clan ● Site at which both painting and
● Village system sculpture, appears to play a newly
● Organization and hierarchy important role in the lives of settled
people.
Innovations that affected the development of ● There were no streets or foot paths;
early villages. the houses were built up right against
● The plow each other and the people who lived
● Rectilinear grid - developed by farmers in them traveled over the towns
● Circular fencing - developed by herdsmen rooftops and entered their homes
● Radio Centric Planning — through holes in the roofs, climbing
fortresses/defensive walls down a river.

NEOLITHIC CITIES WORLD’S 3 EARLIEST CIVILIZATIONS

a. JERICHO (7000-9000 BC) ● MESOPOTAMIA - MESOS

● “City of Palm Trees” (middle) POTAMOS (river) = Land
● Early settlement in Israel. between the rivers. Not a country.
● Believed to be one of the orders Used to refer to the area where the
inhabited cities in the world which is Earliest Civilization started.
only around 3 ha with 3k people. ○ FERTILE CRESCENT -
● The city with the oldest known “Cradle of Civilization”
protective wall in the world. birthplace o a number of
● Built around a reliable source of technological innovations,
freshwater including writing, the wheel agri,
the use of irrigation and
b. KHIROKITIA/CHOIROCOITIA (7000- urbanization.
9000 BC) ○ ERIDU - earliest city in Soutern
Mesopotamia and is still today
● 1st documented settlement with
argued to be the oldest city.
streets.
Primary foundation of the earliest
● Early settlement in Cyprus
settlement at Eridu is fishing.
● One of the most important and best
○ BABYLON - most famous and
preserved prehistoric sites off the
grandest city of ancient
eastern Mediterranean.
Mesopotamia. It’s known for its
● Basic arch’l unit was a circulat
impressive walls and buildings.
structure with a flat roof.
Large city containing 200k
● Grew because of migration
inhabitants.
○ DAMASCUS - found in Syria,
considered to be oldest
continually inhabited cities in the
 world. Intersection of Africa and
Asia.
ANCIENT ROMANS
● EGYPT - ancient Egypt developed along
the Nile river. ROMAN FORUM - “Forum Romanum”
○ MEMPHIS - was one of the
oldest and most important cities ● rectangular forum surrounded by
in ancient Egypt. the ruins of several imp ancient
○ THEBES - became an important gov buildings at the center of the
center of worship of the god city of Rome.
“Amon” ● Citizens of the ancient city
○ ALEXANDRIA - the port city. referred to this space, orig a
Famous for its city of knowledge marketplace.
because of its library. Where the
ROMAN CITIES: adopted Greek forms
great library is found. Largest and
but with diff scale- monumental, had a
most prosperous city
social hierarchy.
○ AMARNA
● HINDUS VALLEY - an ancient ROMANS AS ENGINEER: built
civilization located on the fertile flood aqueducts, public baths, utility systems
plain of Indus River. 2 cities has been and fountains.
excavated at the sites of Mohenjo-Daro
and Harappa. DEVELOPED HOUSING VARIATIONS
AND OTHER SPACES
ANCIENT GREECE - Hellas or Ellada, known
for its art, archi and philosophy. Also known as the ● BASILICA - covered markets,
age in which the polis, or city state was invented. later, law courts
The city became the defining feature of Greek ● CURIA - the local meeting hall,
political life for hundreds of years. later the capitol
● DOMUS - traditional Roman
GREEK CITIES ARE COMPOSED OF THE FF 3: house, with a central atrium
● INSULAE - 3-6 storey
● AGORA - central public space.
“Gathering place” or “assembly”, apartments with storefronts.
considered as the market.
● ACROPOLIS - “city at the top”
defensive oriented district where GREEKS VS ROMANS
important buildings are located like
temples, chief municipal buildings. URBAN DESIGN

Athens has the best known acropolis ● GREEK - sense of the finite.
● ROMANS - political power and
● TOWN - made up only of residential organization
houses. Had an irregular street pattern.
USE OF SCALE
HIPPODAMUS - “father of urban planning” the
first noted planner and introduced the grid system ● GREEK - uses of scale is based on human
and Agora. His layout became the basic layout for measurements
Roman Cities. ● ROMANS - used proportions that would
relate parts of buildings instead of human
NEOPILIS - new town measure.

PALEOPOLIS - old town

 ● URBAN SETTINGS: composed of
Military strongholds, castles,monasteries,
towns
MODULE ● MILITARY STRONGHOLDS: Acropolis
and Capitoline Hill
● GREEK - use of house as module for town
● CASTLES: built atop hills, enclosed by
planning
circular walls, radiocentric growth.
● ROMAN - use of street pattern as module
● MONASTERIES: citadels of learning, laid
to achieve a sense of overpowering
out in rectilinear form.
grandeur made for military government.

RENAISSANCE ERA - ITALY (1440)

THE STREET

● Leon Batista Alberti - foremost

● GREEKS - leftover space for circulation
theoretician
● ROMANS - street are built first; buildings
● Albertis De Architectural - treats
came later
archi and town design as single
PLACE OF ASSEMBLY theme
● Accomplished Public Works and
● GREEKS - market (agora) Civic Improvement Projects.
● ROMANS - market, theater and arena

WHY PIAZZA (PLAZA)?

REBUILDING FERRARA
“Plaza is the beginning of urban life. The
place where people meet. And the mix experience,
ages.. In some way you create the essence of the
city” - Renzo Piano

MEDIEVAL ERA “DARK AGES”

● MEDIEVAL CITIES: emerged as a by-

product of the feudal system. Built along
riverbanks or near monasteries and castles,
they ranged from sparsely populated to
Palazzo Diamanti - Diamond Palace, most famous
densely populated.
structure
○ Protected by high walls. These
walls also divided the rural from
urban areas. Streets were narrow
and unsaved.
○ Usually there was a square in the
center of the city. Had the most
imp public buildings: Cathedral,
Town and Marketplace.
■ Main problems: Water is
not potable, towns are
crowded, noisy and
dirty.
Biaggio Rossetti - architect and town plannier Piazza del Campidoglio is one of the
regarded as one of the worlds earliest modern urban most beautiful squares in Rome.
designers. ● Bronze equestrian statue of Marcus
Aurelius erected at the center of the square
serves as centerpiece or guidepost.
● Entrance Ramps - widen toward the top
ROSETTIS PLAN:
● Perspective effect and stairs appear
● Street widening, new buildings, shorter.
wall improvement ● Similarly, side buildings are not parallel.
● Town enlargement and carry on
with the plan.

RENAISSANCE ERA - FRANCE

ROND POINTS - high ground

LEONARDO’S IDEAL CITY
intersections
LEONARDO DA VINCI - sketched a city
RICHELIEU (pres de tours) - application
straddling a river “The ideal city”
of “rond points” idea.
THE IDEAL CITY - a city that would be more
united, with greater commas services and
sanitation’s to prevent te future spread of such
diseases. Integrated a series of connected canals,
which would be used for commercial purposed and
ass sewage system.

RIVER STREAMS - supply water and carry away

waste

MULTI LEVELS (lower and upper areas) - the

lower being canals for trademsnet and travelers and
the upper being roads for gentlemen.

CAMPIDOGLIO, ROME - Capitoline Hill

JACQUES LEMERCIER - architect

ANDRE LENOTRE - landscape architect, western

world’s master of landscape architecture. He was
the landscape architect who designed the park of
Palace of Versailles and his work represents the
height of the French formal garden style, Jardin a
la francaise

● One of Michaelangelo’s finest works seen

at a distance as a whole composition, the
 EKISTICS - Science of human settlement. was
coined by Constantinos Apostolos Doxiadis in
1942.

RENAISSANCE ERA - LONDON

Great Plague - 1665, Great Fire of

London

SEVERAL DESIGNERS PROPOSED PLANS

● Christopher Wren’ Plan

● John Evelyn’s Plan
● Valentine Knight’s Plan
3 KINDS OF HUMAN SETTEMENT PATTERN:
Out of these plans, John Gwynn’s plan
was followed. 1. NUCLEATED - once’s where the houses
are grouped closely together, often around
JOHN GWYNN - produce plan for
a central feature like a church, pub or
London 1766, “London& Westminster
Improved” heralded the “Golden Age” of
building.

GOLDEN AGE - encompassed a 30 year

period.

ADELPHI TERRACE - work of adam’s,

built along the River Thames, was
London’s first neoclassical building/
village.
Eleven large house fronted a vaulted
2. LINEAR - normal settlement or group of
terrace, with wharves beneath.
buildings along a long line. Along the
END OF LONDON PLAZA ERA - valleys or coastlines.
coming of industrial era 3. DISPERSED - where the houses are
spread out over a wide area.

HUMAN SETTLEMENT - organized grouping of

human habitation. Can be a single home or a
bustling metropolis.
 PROCESS OF HISPANIZATION - control
conversion and labor pool through the founding of
poblaciones and barrios

AMERICAN COLONICAL PERIOD

HISTORY OF SETTLEMENT PLANNING IN
THE PHILIPPIENS - they emphasize more on education, health
and sanitation, public works, housing,
PRE-COLONIAL AREA transportation and comm and aesthetic
improvements.
● Barangay - basic sociology
- Remaking of the existing capital city of
political unit of 30-100 families.
Manila and the creation of an entirely new
summer capital @ Baguio.
- Commissioned Daniel Burnham to prepare
SPANISH COLONIAL ERA plans for the 2 cities.
- Pasig river as Venice char pero wala na
● Manila became capital and designated
push
caudate with a pop of 2000.
● Walled City of Manila or Intramuros to THE ARRABALES
protect from Chinese Attacks.
● Quaipo - the illustrado territory
THE LAWS OF THE INDIES (July 3, ● Tondo - coastal town adjacent to the
1573) main city
● Binondo - trading port
● Pronounced by King Philip II -
● San Nicolas - commercial town built by
Spanish Town Planning
the Spanish
● Must have a central plaza
● Sta. Cruz - main comm district with
surrounded by important
swirls of shops, rests, etc. First university
buildings with portales or
town
arcades, laid out in grid pattern.
● Sampaloc - centered 2 churches, Our
The Plaza Complex surrounded by important Lady of Lorento and St. Anthony of
buildings such as the ff: Padua

● Catholic Church - @ the center

● Municipal Hall
● Marketplace and Merchants Store
● School
● The homes of the principal is
● Other government buildings

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION - categorizing by

hierarchy of people.

PARIAN OR MARKET - spatial concentration of

merchants and artisans to regulating the exchange
of goods.

CIUDADES and VILLAS - regional centers

 ● San Miguel (Malacanang)
● Malate - early summer resort of
wealthy and cultured Filipinos
● Ermita - early tourist belt MIDDLE CLASS:
● Paco - first town built around train
station PHILAMLIFE HOMES
● Pandacan - town built by the
- Icon of middle class suburbanization
Americans for oil depots
- Master plan designed by Ar. & Planner
NEW CAPITAL: QUEZON CITY Carlos Arguelles, based on suburban dev
in California with modification
- 1939, Commonwealth Act No 45
- Master plan of Quzon City was completed BLISS (Bagong Lipunan Site and Services)
in 1941 by Architect Juan Arellano, Harry
- Walk up dev for gov employees.
Frost, Louis Croft and Eng. A.D Williams,
originally planned by late pres Manuel MANILA CBD (CENTRAL BUSINESS
Quezon DISTRICTS)
- City Beautiful Movement ● Manila CBD
● Makati CBD - begun by Ayala
● Ortigas CBD - first mix used high rise dev
CONSTITUTION HILL
● Cuban CBD - araneta
- Planned by Pres. Manuel Quezon ● Fort Bonifacio Global City - 500 ha of
- No Ali he’s (158 ha land) Constitution prime land
Hill and National Government Center ● Bay City: Astana City
- 3 seats of Government were to form a ● Filinvest Corporate City
triangle at the center of the complex.
PLANNING AGENCIES
Palace of Chief Executive, House of
● NATIONAL HOUSING AUTHORITY
Congress, Supreme Court
(NHA)
- “Plaza Republic”
● HOUSING AND LAND USE
PHILIPPINE HOMESITE AND HOUSING REGULATORY BOARD (HLURB
CORPORATION ● HOUSING AND URBAN DEV
COORDINATION COUNCIL (HUDCC)
- Government funded, 40 ha land Project 3, ● NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND DEV
4, 5, 6 ETC AUTHORITY (NEDA)
- Homes were made in the manner of a ● NATIONAL HOME MORTGAGE
Filipino Malay Spanish style of FINANCING CORPORATION
Architecture ● DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS
- Project 6-7 (Veterans Village) AND HIGHWAYS
- Project 8 low cost housing constructed on ● PHILIPPINE ESTATE AUTHORITY
Talahib grass and rice paddles. (PEA)