njana .

D NERGY oURCES

Ludlohe
all d
upe psimauy cell that sonuis
ay a

be
chunteal enu
tnugy into ecbsical inugy. t sannot

Achared Aued ue and hone heeltrole

| i omo pasti henee tasily bandntable

Constiuuclien y cill consists sn oulo coning
anede Th
made o Zine (zre tase) notie ad as

anes
cardueard,
|Arnt comperurti ase sebarated by a
at as
nchiih
that a past NH Znl oathode

Me mafh:e|carbon lod at as
elecbrol
s uuseundid Ma0 and Canbon powder
awbich

Cnephil nod (athode

Mn8 Carlen powd
NH,C Znd paste
(elbetota
Cendlsard
- Ze cae (dunde)
a

ONSTRUCTION Eey CELL

 Oxidation o Ztnc
t Anede 6

a NH
Mnlv) to Mnlu)
Mn(u)

Rducttn et
Mn em Mn(1)to
e
4cathorls
+aN3g)

MnOa aNH+ Quy

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wxall Atadlion
+

+ N3a)
NH Mnas Mo
Ze)+.Mo+NT
Znt2 NH aa) Mn
uoltage abeut 1.5V,
y c l l pooluces

doy cell
t
Rieatim ,watcheg
battuies
eiie
ess n emeles
eleck
Asd as
Alhey
Haduós and mony
Abed n loshlihb

dluiws
eta
calauletor hantng aidls Loys
oed in
n
 eod Stnage hatay
ineshle 3 a
ap e Aacerdasu battny auhik
rls ehemical tnugy ito elucbbal enugy
t can be chargd Aeued . Rivnatble ieaclon

take le d btey
nstruelin: d ad storage kattng uCensulk a

leelhodes emel onede and cathode h

Looa (Ph) nt as ancde whmas lad entde
She decthedes
P O)at a cathode . &
ateunal
Load
dn
dtyped in 98 sulphurie acid .

cennieted toleetiodes

Pb PO
Cathoce)
Canede) S9319J1A

33% H50,(elucuol

CoNSTRUCTION LEAD S7ORH6nE BATERY

Aleking
Vsince ntsstble, ntaclion occus, ypts
changing
pecesses aw
inuolued ie dischargingand
Duntng dtuchayirg
At anede s Ouidalien Pb
Pbo P te
Pb504
PetSo
tCathode Reduetin PLO
PLO+ 3e +4Hm)
+ PlsS0

Pbt 9 ) Pos4t
Posn
| Post PLO 4t as aPbson
&PbeoH
s
usingdisthagir, Hso, 4 consumd and B0
freduced Pb904s defositod on both plats. vltage
duinases
nmessed i.e,
Duning
Kunhg orgirg, The suasien..s
Pot Pb0 a404a)
aPbSA 4 peduced. The
hee Wato censumed and 2,
nitained oltage
iginal compesiin o plata
au

|ncreases

kladLtad storage batuy peducr a

mottage V

plioations
Tuad
ied in atmekilese atating and dghtng
talluny ains

led in UPS 4elum

Ahedin tluphone lachange
5lor lll
eell á a duee tiat
t selay aell c) photouolaie
ito aluethical entngy
ligit dntgy em
un
Cenuuits
awauelengh
suttable
Huinctple Achan a lght at
dolas cell, an em
alleutd to all a 4 calld
the tminals, Shs em
piotueed Letwen called photo-
phenemtnon
pheteuoltaie Cmt9he
|-uoltaie etet.
do
cemsik4 a
p-N funetien diode
Conetanetion a thikness
wtth
N- augien s
a hn laye wtth a th
t hii
cckn
kcnr
which
huck laes wtth
a
O.3 Lum P-augien is a
that
that
he
the kyht
ght
thin
made thin so
300 un.
Lm N- augin
N- agum neacien
300
the depltien layes a he
Lasily penctiat ta 6 en

elbetiodes a u placel
cu occu Mtal fenget
contaet The
he
thá called hert
Zhe N-pe laye Ccothu eertact
coatid wth mutal
s
layes
|P- ape aslaye
baek contaet
calld as

Metal Loa
ing elsherde
artaut
N-Ae
Dephlin
Jo P-negion

yrataBak.cortak
ONSTRUCTION CELL
SoLAR CELL
ACekirg 4ehan hetanu light antgy eat+i
at he
dhan kind gh tngy E (o >E) alls
gens ated
in Ihe
|junetion eluelion -hee pais au

|aoplelien ays The elutam and alus mowe in otfos

dbnlion duu to furtien uld. Te elukinu monng

aide P-Nundien s t collusted y th
dewasds N- a
towads
metal nges lAont centact) ard holes meuirg
Cmatal) . Thus , The
Paidle a leeted y Bauk centact
beumas(-ne)
P&ide becemes hesCine te) and N-side
xteenal
galive giuing
nke phetooltage. shun
|Jend eerntetd, a hetoeuunt leus, thneugh dhe load
R.
o.5v-o.6V
ola ull peduces
a
uoltage a b e t

liealis ala cell

Word n satells, calculTs
Aed in balke sgnals shet legkE|

Adatn beats, Ceektrg- heses karshertatiay

sola sehielas)
 ul Cell |H- uleatt/Bam ful atl
ulá an aecbochemical ell dhal cenatétk
) into
he ckemical tnsgy (at ful and exidlyirg ngtit
euetteal nzvgy
a

S tul sell, vegen and ugen

Pincchle a

and wali
y
&emkind ti gntat aldiutj ,
heat

Aeder neaelins
two chedes
uul ell consisb o
Contuclin t casben
casben
madu oous
porous
aNede ard calhede ot
Mamely
amely
PE/PalCoo.
astth catalyst Lke A fel a
eds platdl H, (ful)
sed as
eeielyt.
NaOH koH
nede 4 (ozidant) á fd at cathede
Lgad
cathode
anede

O
H Leidantt)
uel etous crbon

eletrodi
Eleuolyte
KOR
hta+
Asate
agraes

ONSTRUCTION ELL
EL CELL
orking
exldalen H a eceuss
anede s

Heyt Ae
Ha
HOa)+ yD H4 4HOc neaclin
Oerall anedie
4E he
9H 4 OH:
 HLens
len& peduced combines anlh he O1 lens
|dhe aldodk ovming Aoais
a t cathede Reductien
ygen seaus
4OH )
she euctens Plour thsougk ertanal cbcut and
Aetutn t athede
auduelj a194n t OH Lons
Cutuall nea clion
2 3A

aa anode

eathede
H)
O aHO
Ful cell preduees emetage ef abeut o.V.

ietien hul ell

Ful selle au wedin FCEV% ie, fuel cell
clectie methickes nehith s eco-endly

st acas useel to poue dppolohace fegram

ued as fmay boekup aouces
elueticty in

many PUmole antas

hat and uwau

hiree, the ypieduc hoducd are

t s co-iendl