Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

Ministry of Education
Deputy Minister of Curriculum Development, Teachers
Education & Science Center
General Directorate of Curriculum Development
& Compiling of Textbooks

English for Afghanistan

Student's book

2011
Edition
2011
 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Ministry of Education
Deputy Minister of Curriculum Development,
Teacher Education & Science Center
General Directorate of Curriculum
Development & Compiling of Textbooks

English for Afghanistan

Student’s Book

Published: 1390

a
 Committees of Compiling, Research
& Editing of Textbooks

Authors:
1. Jamshid "Zaynal"
2. S. Nematullah "Mushtaq"
3. Frishta "Kazimi"

Technical advisor and editor

- Abdul Hakim Mujahid
- Roya Rahim
- Ghulum Rabani Ludin

Religious, Political and Cultural Committee:

1. Dr. Mohammad Yusof Niazi (Advisor to the Minister of

Education).
Supervising Committee
1. Dr. Asadullah Muhaqqique (Deputy Ministry of Curriculum
development, Teacher Education and Science Center).
2. Dr.Shir Ali Zarifi Head of the Curriculum Development Project.
3. Abdul Zahir Gulistani (Directorate General of Curriculum
Development & Compiling of Textbooks).

Composed and Designed by:

1. Jamshid Zaynal
2. S. Nematullah Mushtaq
3. Frishta Kazimi

b
c
d
 The Message
from his Excellency Minister of Education

Dear teachers and students,

As education is the foundation of progress and development in all countries,

curriculum is one of the most important elements of education. In our country the
new curriculum is designed in accordance with the modern academic developments
and needs of the people. It is obvious that the scientific developments and the
needs of the people are also in progress constantly. Therefore, it is necessary that
curriculum to be developed scientifically and precisely according to the requirment
of the people as well. Therefore, the curriculum must not be under the influence of
political changes, ideologies and personal wishes of the people.
The text-book that you have in your hand is precisely projected in accordance
with these stipulations and qualifications. Scientific and useful topics are added to
the book and active participation of students in learning process is intended as a
part of plan in the teaching methods.
I hope that the book will be taught in accordance wit the active teaching
methods, the teaching guide and the intended curriculum plan. The guardians and
parents of the students are also required to support their daughters and sons in a
qualitative education constantly to attain the goals and objectives of the education
system and to have desirable achievements for students and our country. I am sure
that our respected teachers will discharge there responsibilities honestly in the
effective implementation of the curriculum.
The Ministry of Education is working constantly to develop the curriculum
according to the teachings of Islam, sense of patriotism, scientific standards and the
utter requirements of the people. So, all the academic personalities, scholars in the
field of education of the country, guardians and parents are requested to support
our authors and writers in further improvement of the compiling of textbooks by
their constructive perspectives and suggestions.
I am grateful and wholeheartedly appreciate all the authors who participated in
the preparation and compiling of this book and all the institutions national and
international and other friendly countries who co-operated us in the preparation and
codification of the modern curriculum, and in the printing and distribution of
textbooks.
May Allah help us.

Best regards,

Farooq Wardak
Minister of Education

e
Introduction

Rational for English Language

Studying English Language, as a very effective foreign language

is crucial and essential for the people of Afghanistan because of
many reasons:
a. It can enable learners to communicate with other people
and acquire needed information.
b. It can help students and scholars to get knowledge about
the daily life, culture, religion, politics, science and the
technologies developed in English Language, and use the
knowledge in the development of their country.
c. It can help the students and scholars to learn about the
contributions of great writers, thinkers, scientists, poets,
inventors, statesmen and politics in the progress of the
people’s of this language.
d. It can help our statesmen understanding international law
and culture and consequently, improve international
relations of Afghanistan with the nations of the world.
e. It can help our people to promote their business and
strengthen the economy of the country.
f. It can help our religious scholars to communicate the
people of the world, comprehend their culture and the way
of life, and accordingly preach them the precious Islamic
teachings and values. Consequently, promote mutual
understanding and conviction.

***

f
 Methods of the Course
“English for Afghanistan” is an English Course for the people of
Afghanistan, to meet their needs. The course has been designed to promote
English Language Learning through the following methods and techniques:
1. In the course, students are encouraged to talk first about themselves
and their environments and then to broaden their horizons.

2. The course develops an awareness of the link between language,

religion and culture.

3. The course provides students with the opportunity to acquire

English language skills in an enjoyable and challenging way.

4. In the course, there is a consistent focus on learning English in order

to develop practical and functional skills in which grammar is
carefully controlled.

5. The course provides enough time to students to master and acquire

the lexicon and structures which are taught to them.

6. The skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing are developed

gradually.

7. Maximum opportunities of interaction are provided for students.

8. Maximum use is made of pair and group activities where students

undertake tasks collaboratively.

9. Moreover, revision and recycling are integrated into the course to

facilitate more learning skills.

10. This book of the course is consisting of (16) units. Each unit is
divided into (4) forty-five minute lessons.

***

g
Unit Title Page Number
1 Talking about free time 1
2 Time around the world 12
3 Weekends and holidays 23
4 Review 34
5 Famous people 43
6 Greeting 54
7 Daily life 67
8 Review 79
9 On the road 87
10 Memories 97
11 At the doctor's 109
12 Review 120
13 Cities and Places 128
14 Do you know 140
15 Tips and rules 151
16 Review 161

h
Unit 1

In this unit you are going to:

- talk about free time.
- talk about abilities.
- talk about things you like.
- ask and answer questions with can.
- write a paragraph about yourself.

1
 Unit 1 Lesson 1

Talking about free time

drawing

x What are the people in the pictures doing?

x What do you do in your free time?
x What is your favorite hobby?
Conversation
A. Read and practice.
Practice the following conversation with your partner.

Amina: I go for drawing classes every Tuesday.

Latifa: Why?
Amina: I love to draw but I can’t.
Latifa: Oh, I can draw, but I can’t sew. Does the
center give sewing classes, as well?
Amina: I don’t think so. But you can get self-
teaching video tapes and CDs at the book
store.
Latifa: I can’t use the computer, either. Could you
ask if the center gives computer course, as
well?
Amina: I think so
B. In pairs: Talk about yourself. What can you do? What can’t you do?

2
 Unit 1 Lesson 1

Grammar
Can for ability
He can draw. Can he draw? Yes, he can.
They can't draw. Can they draw? No, they can't. Can’t = Can
We can swim. Can we swim? Yes, we can./ No, not
we can't.
A. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.

can

He _____draw I _____work on
the computer

B. Use the sentences above to talk about your abilities.

Speaking
In pairs: Ask your partner questions about what he/ she can do and
can’t do.
stand on your hands.
Can you count to spell your name
one hundred? backwards.
sew a jacket.
Yes, I can.
write with your left
hand.
speak Spanish.
Can you swim?
cook Italian food.
draw a camel.
No, I can’t.
introduce yourself.

3
 Unit 1 Lesson 2

Vocabulary
A. Match the pictures to the hobbies.
4
1 2 3 1

swimming fishing
balling playing basketball
B. In pairs: Tell your partner about your abilities. What can you do?
Conversation I can _______.
A. Read and practice.
Practice the following conversation with your partner

Nawab: You have lots of books, Farhad.

Farhad: Yes, I like reading; it’s my hobby.
Nawab: How many books do you read in a
week?
Farhad: One book in a week.
Nawab: Are these books yours, too?
Farhad: No, these are my brother’s social
study books. I don’t like reading
about social study.
Nawab: I like social study. Can I borrow one
of the books?
Farhad: I’m not sure. But!
Nawab: Oh, no! I know I can’t take it without his permission.
Farhad: Here he is. Let’s ask him.
Nawab: Hey! Can I take a book of social study from you until next
week?
Akram: Yes, you always can.
Nawab: Thanks.
B. Is it right to take something from a friend without asking for
permission?

4
 Unit 1 Lesson 2

Grammar
Like + verb (ing)
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I like reading. I don't like swimming. Do you like
She likes painting. She doesn't like reading. swimming?
Theylike swimming. They don't like painting. Does she like reading?
Do they like painting?
A. Choose.
(Do – Does) you like cooking? Yes, it’s my hobby. I always try out new
recipes. I also like (buy – buying) cooking books. Every week my friend
Nargis comes to my house. She (doesn’t – don’t) like (cook – cooking)
but she likes (eat – eating) the food I make.
B. What do you like doing after school?
Reading
A. First read the paragraphs then mark the statements with True or
False.
o You can give vegetable as a gift. ( )
o Exercising is good for your body. ( )
o There are only three good hobbies. ( )
o Rock painting is expensive. ( )
Ways to Spend Your Free Time
Do you ever stay home with nothing to do? Are you eager to do
something new? Here are some ideas you can do and enjoy in
your free time.
Gardening is both fun and useful. You can easily grow fresh
vegetables which you can enjoy with your family and friends.
You can also send some as a gift to your relatives or share with
those in need.
Rock painting is an interesting craft that does not cost much.
You can use any type of color to decorate different shapes of
rocks. You can draw houses, flowers, cars or almost anything
on the rocks to start your own collection.
Exercising is must for every part of your body and your brain.
People who exercise regularly stay active throughout their lives.
B. In pairs: Discuss these questions.
- Which of the above hobbies would you like to try?
- Why do you think exercising is must?
5
 Unit 1 Lesson 3

Listening

A. Your teacher is interviewing a student in your class. Listen to the

interview and complete the table.

Name
Age
Favorite color
Likes
Dislikes

B. Write a paragraph about the interviewed student and use the

information you have written in the table.
Her name is ___________. She is ___________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

C. In pairs: Interview a friend and complete the table.

Name
Age
Favorite color
Free time
Dislikes
School
Class
Subject you like

6
 Unit 1 Lesson 3

Writing
A. Complete the following form about yourself.
name

dislike age

Me colors

likes favorite
abilities

school
subjects

B. Use the information in the form to write a paragraph about

yourself.
My name is
_________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

7
 Unit 1 Lesson 4

Phonics
Long u sound
Long u sounds like the sound in uniform and
glue.
Rule Rule
When two vowels are together, the A vowel usually has the long
first vowel usually has the long sound when a consonant and e
sound. The second vowel is silent. come after it, the e is silent.
You can hear the long u sound in You can hear the long u sound
fuel. in mute and cute.

A. Listen and circle the letters to show where you hear the long u
sound.
Unit Uniform Horse Cloud

unique

Glue Shoe Square Unique

B. Listen to your teacher while reading the following words and tick
the ones that have the long u sound.

1. bug 6. duck
2. clue 7. dune
3. fuse 8. jug
4. unique 9. flue
5. june 10. rule

8
 Unit 1 Lesson 4

Grammar Summary

Like + Verb (ing)

I
We like swimming.
You don't like running.
They playing.
He sewing.
likes
She cooking.
doesn't like
It
Can for ability swim.
swim. I run.
I
You / We / They
run.
can play. Can you
they
/ we / play.
can't sew. sew.
He /She /It he /she /it cook.
cook.
™ Complete the sentences by choosing the correct words.
a. Can they (play – playing) tennis?
b. We don’t like (read – reading).
c. I can (swimming – swim).
d. Fariba and Lailuma don’t like (watch – watching) TV.
e. Mariam doesn’t like (cooking – cook).
Speaking
A. Use the chart below to ask and answer questions about abilities in
English.
count to twenty
to a hundred
a menu
read a newspaper
a paragraph
a page
write a letter
a story
greet someone
somebody
introduce someone
Ahmad
Example: Student 1: Can you ………?
Student 2: Yes, I can / No, I can’t

9
 Unit 1 Lesson 4

B. Write Yes/ No questions with ‘can’. Then under your response,

check Yes or No to give your opinion about each question.
Your response Total
Yes No Yes No
1. woman / be police officer
____________________________?
2. woman / be engineer
____________________________?
3. woman / be good nurse
____________________________?
4. man / be good cook
____________________________?
5. woman / work as secretary
____________________________?
6. man / be tailor
____________________________?

C. Now in groups of ten: Do a survey by asking each student in your

group his/ her opinion about the questions. Write the total number
of yes and no answers in each column. Compare your opinion to
your classmates. Give reasons for your answers.
Writing
What do you like/ dislike doing on these days?
Fridays
Like _________________________________________________
Dislike _______________________________________________
Eid Days
Like __________________________________________________
Dislike _________________________________________________

Snowy Days
Like___________________________________________________
Dislike ________________________________________________

10
 Vocabulary
Unit 1
Nouns Verbs Adjectives
Ability Secretary Borrow False
Balling Shape Can/ could Eager
Basketball Square Count Mute
Body Stay Decorate Right
Bookstore Story Interview Social
Brain Type Introduce Sure
Camel Unique Left T
Bug Video Match
Chart Must Adverbs
Clue Play Either
Collection Send Throughout
Column Sew
Concert Share
Craft Spell
Fishing Spend
Flue Stay
Free time Swim
Fuel Think Preposition
Fun Talk After
Fuse
Gardening
Glue
Hobby
Information
Letter
Mute
Opinion
Painting
Partner
People
Permission
Recipe
Reason
Rule

11
Unit 2

In this unit you are going to:

x ask for and tell the time.

x describe what people are doing.
x write a paragraph about things you and
your family do.
x use present continuous tense in various
forms of sentences.

12
 Unit 2 Lesson 1

Discussion

- What time is it in Afghanistan?

- What time is it in India?
- How many hours is India ahead of Afghanistan?
- What geographical region is ahead of another region?
Conversation
A. Read and practice.
Practice the following conversation with your partner.
Sadiq: Hello, Rahman.
Rahman: Is it you Sadiq? Are you calling from the airport?
Sadiq: Yes, I am. The flight to Japan has been delayed. Could you do me a
favor?
Rahman: Sure. What can I do for you?
Sadiq: Can you remind my mom to water my
plants and feed my canaries.
Rahman: No problem. Make sure you call
when you reach Japan.
Sadiq: But you may be sleeping then.
Malaysia is about three and half
hours ahead. We will arrive about
early midnight.
Rahman: Well, and then call us. Have a nice
time.
B. What time is it in Malaysia now?
- Why do you think it is important to help others?
13
 Unit 2 Lesson 1

Grammar

Affirmative sentences – Present Negative sentence – Present

Continuous Continuous
You are traveling to Japan now. You are not traveling to Japan now.
He is calling from the airport. He is not calling from the airport.
Yes / No Questions – Present Continuous
Are you traveling now? Yes, I am. No, I am not.
Is he calling from the airport? Yes, he is. No, he is not.

A. Look at the picture. Complete the questions and answers.

1. __________ the flight attendant _______________ (serve) food?
No, ___________. She _____________ (serve) drinks.
2. ________ the old man ________ (look) out of the window? Yes, ______
3. _______________the lady ___________ (talk) to her daughter?
No, __________________. She is _____________ (feed) her.
4. ______________ the boys ________________ (watch) the movies?
5. ______________ the young man _____________ (sleep)

B. In pairs: One student writes a verb in a card and mimes the verb
written on it and his / her partner guesses the verb.
Student A: Are you smiling?
Student B: Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
Speaking
In pairs: Ask and answer questions about time in the world.
Student A: It’s 6:00 in Afghanistan. What time is it in Tokyo?
Student B: Tokyo is three and half hours ahead, so it is 09:30 in Tokyo.
Student A: It is 2:30 in Afghanistan. What time is it in Abu Dhabi?
Student B: Afghanistan is one and half hour ahead, so it is one o'clock in
Abu Dhabi.

14
 Unit 2 Lesson 2

Vocabulary
A. What time is it?

It is five past three. It is ten past five. It is twenty to eleven.

It is three – five. It is five – ten. It is ten forty.

It is twenty past seven. It is twenty five to ten. It is ten to twelve.

It is seven twenty. It is nine – thirty five. It is eleven fifty.
B. Look at the clocks. Say the times.

C. In pairs: Ask your partner about the things she/ he does at these
times.
Listening
A. Listen to your teacher reading your father's timing and write the
figure down in your notebooks.
Father’s timings
Daddy gets up early in the morning to say the prayer. He gets up half an
hour before morning’s prayer which is going to be at 4:15. He goes to the
bath room to take ablution. At 4:30 he puts on his clothes and goes to the
mosque. At 4:45 he says the prayer together with people led by their Imam.
There are about 50 people in the prayer. After praying he recites the holy
Qur'an.
Mother prepares father’s breakfast by 6:00 o’clock. After breakfast he
gets dressed and goes to his office. He leaves the house at 7:30 and arrives
to the office at 8:00 o’clock. This is father’s timings before leaving the
house for his official work.
B. Complete the table with the father's timings
15
 Unit 2 Lesson 2

gets up goes to has breakfast leaves for

mosque the office
Father’s timings
Teacher's timings
Reading
Read the story. Then answer the questions below.
Around the World in Eighty Days
This is an adventure story about an Englishman called Phileas Fogg. Fogg
takes on a challenge to travel around the world in eighty days. To make such a
journey in 1872 was thought of as a crazy idea. There were no planes, and
trains were a new invention. No one believed anyone could circle the world in
eighty days. In the story however, Fogg plans his journey and studies the
schedules for the trains and boats that leave the cities he is to pass through.
He starts his journey on Wednesday, 2nd October at 8:45 p.m. he sails from
London to Suez with no problems. Then he goes through the four continents
where he meets many new people. In India, China and America he has many
adventures and faces lots of difficulties.
Fogg reaches London thinking that he has taken eighty – one days to finish the
journey. However, he finds out that traveling from East to West has saved him
twenty four hours. Phileas Fogg has done what other people thought
impossible.

Look at Mr. Fogg’s record, and then answer the questions.

City Leaves City Arrives
London Wednesday, October 2nd Paris Thursday, October
8:45 p.m. 3rd 7:20 a.m.
Thursday, October, 3rd Wednesday,
Paris 8:40 a.m. Suez October, 9th 11:00
a.m.
Suez Wednesday, October 9th Bombay Sunday, October
5:00 p.m. 20th 12:00 noon.
Bombay Sunday, October 20th 8:00 Hong Tuesday, November
p.m. Kong 6th 6:00 a.m.
November 8th Wednesday,rd
Hong Kong Thursday,
5:00 p.m.
San December
Francisco a.m. 3 7:00

1. When does Fogg reach these cities?

a. Suez __________________________________
b. Hong Kong __________________________________
c. San Francisco __________________________________
2. What lesson did you learn from this story?

16
 Unit 2 Lesson 3

Speaking
In pairs: Find out.
Sadiq and his family are leaving for Japan via Abu Dhabi. Their flight
is at 11:30 in the morning from Kabul. It takes two hours to reach Abu
Dhabi. After staying for four hours in Abu Dhabi, the plane will fly to
Japan. It takes only ten hours to reach Japan from Abu Dhabi.
1. the Afghanistan time they arrive in Japan.
________________________
2. the local time in Abu Dhabi. -
________________________
3. the Afghanistan time they arrive in Japan -
________________________
4. the local time in Japan. `
________________________
Writing
Sadiq and his family are in Abu Dhabi now. Look at the pictures.
Describe what they are doing and at what time.
01:00 02:00

03:00 04:00

1. Sadiq and his family are in Abu Dhabi now. It is one o’clock in
the afternoon. They are doing their afternoon pray ____________
2. ____________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________

17
 Unit 2 Lesson 3

Look at the pictures of Sadiq’s family in Japan. What are they doing?
Write a paragraph.

……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………

18
 Unit 2 Lesson 4

Phonics
L blends are the "L" sound with another
consonant like in
Rule
Flag clay A consonant blend is two or more
consonants that are together. The
sounds blend together. Each sound is
and plant heard.
You can hear an L blend at the
beginning of clay and plant.
A. Listen to the words. Repeat them chorally after your teacher.

flowers block plane slide gloves

B. 1. Write each blend once to make a new word. Say the new word.

2. Can you think of more words that start with L blends?

19
 Unit 2 Lesson 4

Grammar Summary
Present Continuous Tense
Yes / No Questions – I am. I am
Present Continuous he he
Am I she is
she is.
he
Is she Yes, it No, it not.
it working? you
you you
Are we we are. we are
they they they
Practice:
Complete the sentences with the correct form of given verbs in
parenthesis.
1. (try) I am ………… to get through to Sohail.
2. (call) Who are you ………….?
3. (watch) I am ……….T.V when my father arrives from duty.
4. (play) Shokoor is ………. Volleyball in the garden.
5. (cook) Shazia is ……… lunch.
Speaking

Kabul
7

A. Look at the clock faces in the map and make questions, the class will
answer.
B. Take turns to tell the other students what people in the cities are
doing at that time.
Student A: What time is it in London?
Student B: It’s Friday 3 a.m. in London.
Student A: Are the people sleeping?
Student B: Yes, they are / No, they’re not.

20
 Unit 2 Lesson 4

Reading
In groups: Match the paragraphs to the pictures.

A. It is seven o’clock in the B. It is four twenty now. People

morning. At the moment, are going home from work.
people are getting up, getting Some are walking to bus
dressed and having breakfast stops. Others are waiting for
or driving to work. the office transportation. A
few are walking to the cafes to
have something to eat.

C. It is eight – thirty at night. At D. It is twelve in the afternoon.

the moment, some people are Many people are on their
having dinner in restaurants. lunch break. Some of them
Many families are at home. are having a quick lunch.
They are watching television, Others are seeing their friends
reading the newspaper or or shopping.
playing games.

21
 Vocabulary
Unit 2
Nouns Verbs Adjective
Ablution Arrive Ahead
Adventure Begin Crazy
Airport Believe Difficulty
Bus/ stop Delay Holy
Café Feed Impossible
Canary Find/ out Many
Challenge Finish Old
Clay Fly Problem
Dress Leave Various
Duty Meet
East Mime
Favor Reach
Adverb
Flag Recite
Around
Flight Sail
Early
Flight attendant Serve
Food Smile
Idea Sound
Invention Tell
Journey Think/ thought
Lady Try
Lesson Watch
Midnight
Movies Preposition
Region Via
Schedule
Slide
Transportation
Verse
Volleyball
West

22
Unit 3

In this unit you are going to:

™ name weekend and holidays activities
™ say the past tense of regular and irregular
verbs
™ ask and answer questions about time and
activities

23
 Unit 3 Lesson 1

Discussion
- What do you do on your weekends?

Conversation
A. Read and practice
Practice the following conversation with your partner.
Qudsia: Guess what we did last week, Sara?
Sara: What?
Qudsia: We rented a house in Paghman and
stayed there for the weekend.
Sara: Great! What did you do?
Qudsia: Well, I walked to the valley,
watched the river and ate kabab.
Oh, and I collected many nice
stones from the river as well.
Sara: How nice!
Qudsia: Yes and my brother took part in a
volleyball game.
Sara: So, you really had fun?
Qudsia: Yes, I did. What about you? I am sure you too had a good time
last weekend.
B. There are 40 hours in a weekend. How well do you plan and use
them?

24
 Unit 3 Lesson 1

Grammar
smile – smiled
Past Simple – regular / irregular verbs
rent – rented
We rented a house last We didn’t rent a collect – collected
month. boat. stop – stopped
I collected some stones I didn’t collect any study – studied
from the river. shells. drive – drove
I saw my grandmother I didn’t see my go – went
yesterday. grandfather. see - saw
A. Write the past tense of these verbs.
1. do __________ 4. carry __________
2. have __________ 5. stop __________
3. see __________ 6. study __________

B. Look at the pictures and write what Naheed and her family did / did
not on the weekend.

1. On Thursday morning, Naheed ________a book. She ________ TV.

2. In the afternoon, her family _______________ to the park but they
___________ eat anything.
3. At night, she ___________ a cake but she ___________ it.

C. In groups: Take turns telling your group three things you did last
weekend.

25
 Unit 3 Lesson 2

Conversation

A. Read and practice.

Practice the following conversation with your partner
Ali: Did you go to Paghman last month.
Taher: Yes, we spent a weekend there.
Ali: Did you take a bus?
Taher: No, we didn’t. We drove our car.
Ali: Tell me about your trip?
Taher: Well, first we drove to Qargha. The
weather was nice and cool.
Ali: Great!
Taher: Then we met my uncle and his family
in national park in Paghman. We had
fried chicken. We were lucky to finish
before it rained.
Ali: It must have been fun!
B. Did you enjoy your weekend? Why?
[
Grammar
[
Did in Yes/ No questions with past tense verbs
Did you go to Yes, I did. I went there on Present past
Paghman? Thursday. go went
Did he take a bus? No, he didn’t. He drove to drive drove
Did you have fun? Paghman. take took
Yes, we did. We had a lot of meet met
_
fun.
A. Write the simple present tense of these irregular verbs.

drove bought ate made

brought drank slept drew

26
 Unit 3 Lesson 2

B. Match the questions with the answers.

1. Did Ali sleep early on the weekend? a. No, he didn’t. He visited his
family.
2. Did he visit any friends? b. Yes, he did. He helped him wash
3. Did he help his father? c. No, he didn’t. He slept late.
4. Did he watch the news? d. Yes, he did his homework.
5. Did he do his homework? e. No, he didn’t. He watched the match
6. Did he exercise? f. Yes, he did. He played basketball.
C. In pairs: Ask the above questions and give your answers.
Reading
Read the passage which is written about Holidays.
Useful Holidays
Last year, I spent my holidays in Saudi Arabia. I had a very good Flight
from Kabul to Riyadh. Flying over the plains, mountains and the oceans,
I enjoyed the scenes.
I made my Ihram in Riyadh and flew to Jeddah. Arriving there, I saw
the people of different nationalities. When I reached Mecca
Mukarrama, I rented a room in a hotel near to Masjid-e-Haram.
Entering there, I prayed and started Tawwaf. I walked around Bytullah-
e-Shareef seven rounds. Then I walked on between Safa and Marwa
seven turns and made my hairs. Thus I performed my Umrah.
From Mecca, I went to Madina Munawwara and stayed there for eight
days. I attended five times prayer in the Mosque of Prophet Muhammad
(peace be upon him) regularly, every day. I visited the Shrine several
times and prayed to Allah. I also visited many holy places of the city. At
the end I returned to Kabul in a flight from Jeddah. I enjoyed my
holidays, and they were useful holidays.

Answer the following questions.

1. Where did the writer spend his holidays last year?
2. Did he have a very good flight?
3. Where did he make his Ihram?
4. Where did he see people of different nationalities?
5. How many turns, did he walk between Safa and Marwa?
6. Why did he go round Bytullah shareef?
7. How many days, did he stay in Madina Munawwara?
8.Did he attend five times prayers in the Mosque of the prophet (PBUH)
regularly?
9. Were they useful holidays?

27
 Unit 3 Lesson 3

Conversation
A. Read and practice.
Practice the following conversation with your partner
Karim: Where did you go last night?
Jameel: I went at the football match.
Karim: Why didn’t you call me? I would have liked to go, too.
Jameel: I called you, but no one answered.
Karim: What time did you call?
Jameel: Around three in the afternoon.
Karim: I was asleep. Who did you go with?
Jameel: I went with my new neighbour, Jamal.
Karim: I wish you’d call me earlier. I really wanted to go.
B. What did you do last night?
C. What do you think about staying up late at night?
Grammar
Wh – questions with past tense verbs
Where did you go in the holidays? I went to Saudi Arabia.
What did you do in Saudi Arbia? I performed Umrah and went
When did he visit his friend? to Madinah
What time did she arrive in Jalalabad He visited his friend last week.
last week? She arrived at 12 midnight.
Who did we meet yesterday morning? We met our friends.
Why didn’t they come last night? They were sick.
A. Write questions to these answers.
1. A: ______________________________________________________
B: I went to the supermarket yesterday.
2. A: ______________________________________________________
B: I bought some fruit and bread last night.
3. A: ______________________________________________________
B: Last month I went to Saudi Arabia to perform Umrah.
4. A: ______________________________________________________
B: I went to the bookstore yesterday morning because I wanted to buy
a book.
B: In pairs: Ask each other the questions in exercise A and give
answers for yourself.

28
 Unit 3 Lesson 3

Listening
Listen to your classmates talking about what they did last weekend and
write down the activities.

Writing
A. Read Fatima’s notes about things she did last weekend.

Bake a cake
Visit uncle
B. Read her paragraph Picnic in Salang

Last weekend, I wanted to surprise my cousins. I woke up early and

baked a cake for them. I took it with me to my uncle’s house. In the
afternoon, we went on a picnic to Salang. We barbecued meat and
chicken. The weather was very nice and we really enjoyed ourselves. We
returned home very late at night.

C. Write notes then use them to write a paragraph about your activities
last weekend.
……………………………………………………
………… ……………………………………………………
………… ……………………………………………………
………… ……………………………………………………
………… ……………………………………………………
………… ……………………………………………………
………… ……………………………………………………
………… ……………………………………………………
…………
…………

29
 Unit 3 Lesson 4

Phonics Rule
R blends Remember that in consonant
blend, two or more
R blends are the 'r' sound with another
consonants are together. The
sounds blend together. Each
sound is heard. You can hear
an r blend at the beginning of
consonant like in crab and dress. brown and crab.

A. Listen to the words and repeat them chorally after your teacher.

bread crown frog train

B. Look at the pictures and complete the words with the correct blends.

dr cr tr gr fr pr

1. 2. 3

4 5 6

30
 Unit 3 Lesson 4

Grammar Summary

Past Simple tense / affirmative Past Simple tense / negative

I I
You walked You
We (regular) We walk
home last did not
They They go home last
night. didn't
He went He night.
She (irregular) She
It It
Did in Yes / No questions
I I
you you did.
Yes,
we walk home? we
Did they they
he go he
she No, she didn't
it it

Wh – questions with past tense verbs

I I home.
you You
Where
we go? We yesterday.
When
did they They went
What time
he He at six o'clock.
Why
she She
it It to study.
Complete the conversation with correct form of the verb.
Ramin:I really _______(enjoy) the game. _____ you _______ (like) it, too?
Saleh: It was okay. But they ________ (play) much better last week. Don’t
you think so?
Ramin:I ___________ (not, watch) the last game. I __________ (miss) it.
By the time I _________ (get) home, it was over.
Saleh: Yes, I remember. It __________ (start) early that day.

31
 Unit 3 Lesson 4

Listening
Listen to your four classmates talking about his/ her weekend. What
did he/ she do or go on Friday morning? Write the names of the places
and things.

Speaking
A. What did you do last weekend? Complete the table.
Last weekend / Where did you go? _____________________________.

I went with ________________ I saw _________________________.

I went by ________________. I ate __________________________.
I stayed in a _______________. In the mornings, I _______________.
I stayed there for ___________. In the evenings, I ________________.

B. In pairs: Guess what your partner did last weekend. Find out how many
guesses were right.
My partner’s last weekend. 3 = I was right. 3
Where did she / he go? ±= I was wrong. ±
She / He went with ___________. She / He saw ____________.
She / He went by ____________. She / He ate _____________.
She / He stayed in a __________. In the mornings, she / he ___.
She / He stayed there for ______. In the evenings, she / he ___.

Writing
Write a paragraph describing your partner's weekend activities.

32
 Vocabulary
Unit 3
Nouns Verbs Adjectives
Cousin Buy/ bought Asleep
Crab Collect Irregular
Crown Compete Late
Exhibition Do/ does/ did Lucky
Experience Draw/ drew Regular
Handicap Feel/ felt
Neighbour Go/ went
Passage Pay/ paid
Rain Please
River Rain/ rained Adverb
Stone Rent Really
Valley See/ saw
Weekend Sleep/ slept
Study/ studied
Surprise
Visit/ visited
Wake/ woke
Want/ wanted
Barbecue/ barbecued

33
Unit 4

34
 Unit 4 Lesson 1

Vocabulary
A. Write an action verb under each picture.

watching

B. Make sentences using the past tense of the verbs in activity A.

underline the verbs.
1. __________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________
6. __________________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________________
8. ________________________________________________________
9. ________________________________________________________
10. _______________________________________________________

35
 Unit 4 Lesson 1

Speaking
In groups: Talk about your free time. Other students listen and ask you
questions. Take turns.
Listening
A. Listen to your teacher describing his/ her weekly schedule. Write the
times.
Activities
Saturday
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
B. Write your weekly schedule and describe it in a paragraph.

36
 Unit 4 Lesson 2

Vocabulary
Match the categories in A to the words in B. Then give a few more
words for each.
A.
clothes, stores, nationalities, jobs, months,
colors, cities, prepositions, adjectives hobbies

B. ___________ 1. On, in ____________ , _____________ , __________.

___________ 2. April, June, May, ___________ , __________ , ______.
___________ 3. Blue, white, black, __________ , ___________ , _____.
___________ 4. Reading, drawing, ___________, ___________, ______.
___________ 5. Writer, teacher, __________, ____________, _____.
___________ 6. Chinese, Japanese, __________, ____________, _____.
___________ 7. Sweater, shirt, ____________, ____________, ______.
___________ 8. Tokyo, Kabul, ___________, ____________, _______.
___________ 9. Quiet, friendly, pretty, ________, __________, _____
___________ 10. Bookshops, grocers, ___________, _________, _____.

Speaking
In groups: Find a job. The teacher will give you the cards of a job, read
your card. If you have a “wanted” card, look for someone in your group
who can do the job. The game finishes when everyone has a job.

Yes, I can.
I’m looking for a mechanic.
No, I can’t.
Can you drive?

37
 Unit 4 Lesson 2

Writing
A. In groups: Make a group survey. Ask your group members about
the activities they like. Complete the questionnaire.
Example:
Student A: May I ask you some questions?
Student B: Yes, you may.
Student A: What is your name?
Student B: My name is Shams.
Student A: Can you cook?
Student B: Yes, I can.
Student A: What do you do in your free time? Do you collect stamps?
Student B: No, I don’t.
Student A: Do you read books?
Student B: Yes, I do.
Student A: And drawing?
Student B: No, I don’t know how to draw.
Student A: Thanks.
Activities
Cooking Collecting stamps Reading Drawing
Name
Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No
1
2
3
4
5
Total
B. Fill in the blanks using the information from your survey. Then,
write a paragraph.
In my group, there are _______students. ________ students like
(number) (number)
_______________ and ______________ don’t (doesn’t).
(activity) (activity)
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
38
 Unit 4 Lesson 3

Speaking
Read the opinions below and say your opinion about mobile phone.

In my opinion it's the best way to communicate; because you can

say as much as you want, and you don't need any special equipment.

I don't like it; because it is expensive and we

can't talk to friends a lot.

I think it's great; because one can send a

message immediately and it’s cheaper than
talking .

Vocabulary
A. Circle the word that doesn’t belong to the group.
1. 1925, 2001, 1357, 2:30 p.m.
2. is, am, was, are.
3. drawing, white, cooking, writing.
4. Kabul, Tokyo, New York, Chinese.
5. coat, dress, suit, jacket, car.
B. Write why each word doesn’t belong to the group in exercise A.
1. They are all dates and 2:30 p.m. is time, so it doesn't belong to the
group.
2. ____________________________________
3. ____________________________________
4. ____________________________________
5. ____________________________________

39
 Unit 4 Lesson 3

Grammar
Start from the center. Use one word or expression from each section to
make a question.

1. Did he watch TV last night?

2. _______________________________
3. _______________________________
4. _______________________________
5. _______________________________
6. _______________________________
7. _______________________________
8. _______________________________
9. _______________________________
10. _______________________________

40
 Unit 4 Lesson 4

Speaking
In groups of four: Talk about holiday's entertainments.
- What do you do on the holidays?
- Where do you go on holidays?
Reading
Read the passage.
Do you ever get bored at home? Would you like to have some fun?
Start your own MINI GREEN HOUSE. You will need a plastic bottle,
some soil and seeds of your choice (tomato, corn, lentils, beans etc).
Take the bottle. Remove the label and cap. Pinch a few holes around the
top to keep the inside cool. Place some soil at the bottom of the bottle.
Throw the seeds and sprinkle them with water. In a few days the seeds
will start to vine. Water them regularly. When your plants reach the top,
cut the bottom of the bottle and transfer them into a pot or to the garden.

a. Complete sentence.
A green house is a place where _________________________________
b. Choose the correct words.
x ‘place’ means a. put b. buy c. cook
x ‘a cap’ means a. a pot b. a cover c. a bottle
x ‘vine’ means a. die b. grow c. find
x ‘mini’ means a. very small b. very big c. very tall
c. Answer the questions.
- What do you need to make a mini green house?
_________________________________________________________
- Why do you make holes in the bottle?
__________________________________________________________
- When do you put the plant in a pot or the garden?
__________________________________________________________

41
 Vocabulary
Unit 4
Nouns Verbs Adjectives
Action Belong Board
Bean Communicate Bottom
Cap Cut Cheap
Card Die Chinese
Category Place Each
Corn Pinch Japanese
Entertainment Remove Mini
Equipment Sprinkle Quiet
Grocer Throw
Adverbs
Hole Transfer
Below
Holiday
Immediately
Label
Inside
Lentil
Mechanic
Message
Mobile
Plastic
Pot
Seed
Soil
Stamp
Tomato
Vine

42
 Unit 5

In this unit you are going to:

¾ talk about things that happened in the past.
¾ ask and answer questions about past events.
¾ write about the life of a famous person.
¾ read a passage about Prophet Mohammad
(peace be upon him).

43
 Unit 5 Lesson 1

Discussion

Sardar Mula Faiz

Mohammad Daoud Mohammad
Khan Kateb Hazara
President Historian
born:1909 born: 1861
died: 1978 died: 1931

Molana Jalaludin Ghulam Mohammad

Mohammad Goboar
Balkhi historian
Afghan poet born: 1898
born: 604 H Q died: 1978
died: 672 H Q
- Do you know any of the people in the pictures?
- Which of these people would you like to know more about?
Conversation
A. Read and practice
Practice the following conversation with your partner
Tariq: Did you choose a person to write about?
Noor: Yes, I chose Molana Jalaludin
Mohammad Balkhi.
Tariq: Who was he?
Noor: He was a very famous Muslim poet. He
wrote many books.
Tariq: That’s amazing.
Noor: He was a poet and a thoughtful person.
Tariq: When and where did he live?
Noor: He was born in 607 H Q and he lived in Afghanistan.
Tariq: I really like to read more about him.
B. Practice the conversation talking about someone else.
C. Setting goals is must for a successful future. Why?

44
 Unit 5 Lesson 1

Grammar
Past Tense of "Be"
Was / were / Affirmative Negative
I was a teacher last year. I wasn’t a teacher last year.
He was in Ghazni yesterday. He wasn’t in Ghazni yesterday.
It was snowy last night. It wasn’t snowy last night.
You were born in 1984. You weren’t born in 1984.
We were at school last week. We weren’t at school last week.
They were Afghans. They weren’t Afghans.
Yes / No questions
Was she born in Herat? Yes, she was. No, she wasn’t.
Was it a black pen? Yes, it was. No, it wasn’t.
Were you in the room? Yes, I was. No, I wasn’t.
Were they friends? Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.
Wh – questions
How old was he? He was 60 years old.
When was she born? She was born in 1882.
Where were you yesterday? I was in Kandahar.
Who were your friends at school? Salma and Halima were my friends.
What was the lesson like? It was easy.
A. Match the questions with the answers.
1. When were you born? a. My best friend was Shaker.
2. Were you born in Kunduz? b. No, they weren’t. They were born
in Kabul.
3. Were your parents born in Ghazni? c. I was born in 1992.
4. Who was your best friend? d. No, I was born in Paktika.
5. Who was your favorite teacher? e. My favorite teacher was Mr. Rafiq.
B. In pairs: Ask each other the questions in A.
C. Complete the sentences using the correct form of ‘Be”.
1. Today ___________________. Yesterday __________________.
2. This month _______________. Last month _________________.
3. This year _________________. Last year __________________.

45
 Unit 5 Lesson 2

Vocabulary
A. Listen to your teacher and repeat after him/her.

pilot, writer, cook, scientist, teacher, shepherd, artist.

B. Write the jobs under each picture.

C. In groups: Choose a job and describe it to your groups.

Listening
Listen to your classmates talking about a famous person and complete
the table.
Place of Date of birth Occupation Date of death
Name birth

46
 Unit 5 Lesson 2

Reading
- Where was Prophet Mohammad peace be upon him born?
- When did he become the Prophet?
- How old was he when his father died?
The Last Prophet Mohammad (PBUH)
Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) was born in Makkah in 571
AD. He was an orphan. His father, Abdullah, died before he was born.
His mother, Amena, died when he was a child of six. He lived with his
grandfather, Abdul Muttaleb, and then with his loving uncle, Abu Taleb.
Mohammad (peace be upon him) was poor and he worked as a
shepherd to help his uncle. Later, he looked after his uncle’s trade. He
was always honest and people called him The Truthful “Sadiq, Ameen”.
When he was twenty – five years old, he got married to a rich widow,
Khadija bint Khuwailed.
When Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) was forty, he became
the messenger of Allah. He started spreading the message of Islam in
Makkah. The first few years were very difficult for the Prophet. In 622
AD, Allah ordered him to move to Madina. He lived in Madina for
eleven years. The people of Madina supported him a lot. He died on the
12th of Rabei Al Awal, 11 Hijra (633 AD) in Madina.
A. Read. Guess from the sentences what these words mean.
1. An orphan is a child who doesn’t have _____________________
a. a brother b. an uncle c. a father
2. A shepherd is a person who __________________________
a. teaches children b. looks after sheep c. sells clothes
3. Truthful means a person who always _______________________
a. says the truth b. talks a lot c. keeps quiet
B. Write the opposite of the underlined words.
1.The prophet’s mother died when he was a child. ________________
2. His uncle was poor and didn’t have much money. ______________
3. He started spreading the message of Islam in Makkah. ______________
C. Tick (33) or (±). Then correct the false statements.
1. The Prophet worked as a shepherd because he was rich. ( )
2. He got married at the age of twenty – five. ( )
3. The first few years of prophethood were easy for the Prophet. ( )
4. He lived in Madina for ten years. ( )

47
 Unit 5 Lesson 3

Vocabulary
A. Write the years in words.
1375 _______________________________________________
1633 _______________________________________________
1340 _______________________________________________
2005 _______________________________________________
1945 _______________________________________________
B. In pairs: Ask each other when were you born / started to walk /
started to talk / started school?
Speaking
In pairs: Ask and answer about these people.

Ahmad Shah Baba Ghulam Nabi Ashqary Rabia Balkhi

Born: 1722 Born: 1892 Born: 914
Died: 1773 Died: 1979 Died: 943

Sayed Jamaluddin Afghan

Born: 1839
Died: 1897
When was _____ born? He was born in _____.
When did he die? He died in ______.

48
 Unit 5 Lesson 3

Writing

Read the following paragraph about Mirwise Nika.

Mirwise Nika
Mirwise Khan was born in 1084 HQ (1673 AD). He is one of the most
prominent personalities of the history of Afghanistan. His father Shah
Alem Khan was a famous tribal leader of Hutak tribe in Kandahar.
In 1106 HQ (1649 AD), some western parts of our
country were under the tyrannical rule of Iranian
Safawi governor Gurgin. Mirwise Khan united the
people of Afghanistan to resist against the
increased cruelties of Gurgin. Under the wise
leadership of Mirwise Khan the people of
Afghanistan, revolted against the despotic rule of
Gurgin. They defeated Gurgin's army in the battle
field, and freed the country from Iranian rule of
tyranny.
Consequently the first sovereign state of Afghanistan was established
under the leadership of Mirwise Khan in 1119 H Q (1709 AD). Due to
his gallant and heroic struggle for freedom, the people of Afghanistan
entitled him 'Nika' the "grandfather" of the Afghan Nation. Afterward, he
was called 'Mirwise Nika'. He died in 1127 HQ (1718 AD). The people
of Afghanistan respect and consider him as one of the most prominent
leaders of the country.

A. Answer these questions.

1.When was born Mirwise Nika?
2.What was his father’s name?
3.When were the western parts of the country under the tyrannical rule of
Gurgin?
4.Did he unite the people of Afghanistan against the despotic rule of
Gurgin?
5.When was established, the first sovereign state of Afghanistan?
6.Was he entitled 'Nika', by the people of Afghanistan?
7.When was he died?
B. Write a paragraph about Mirwise Nika not more than 70 words.

49
 Unit 5 Lesson 4

Rule
Phonics Remember that in a consonant
S blends blend, two or more consonants are
together. The sounds blend
S blends are the (s) sound with together. Each sound is heard.
another consonant like: You can hear an s blend at the
sk – sm – sn – sq – st – sw beginning of snow and skate.
A. Listen to the words. Repeat them chorally after your teacher.

B. Look at the pictures and complete the words with the correct given
blends on the top side of the pictures.

___uirrel ____ail ____amp

____ip ____ide ____ile

____im ____op ____ot

50
 Unit 5 Lesson 4

Grammar Summary
Past Tense of "Be" ( Affirmative and Negative)
I
He was
She wasn't
It at home last night.
You
were
We
weren't
They
Yes / No questions with
"Be" in the Simple Past
I I I
he he he
Was was. wasn't.
she she she
it Yes, it No, it
in Kabul
you you you
in 2003?
Were we we were. we weren't.
they they they
Wh – questions with "Be" in
I was
Simple Past Tense in 1978.
born
When you They were in Faryab.
were born?
Where they
He Mr. Nadem.
your first
Who
teacher? She was kind to us.
was
What she like?
It very fat.
How fat your cat?

Look at the “Be” family tree. Complete it with the correct subject pronoun.
Be
Present Past

is am was were
are

51
 Unit 5 Lesson 4

Speaking
Choose a famous person and talk about him/her. Then ask your partner
about his / her famous person.
Writing

A. Look at the timeline. It shows information about Sardar Muhammad

Daud Khan.

1909 1949 1953 1973 1978

Born Defense Minister appointed as became president martyred

Prime Minister
B. Write a paragraph about Sardar Muhammad Daud Khan’s life
using the dates on the timeline.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

52
 Vocabulary
Unit 5
Nouns Verbs Adjectives
Army Appoint Famous
Artist Defeat Amazing
Association Goal Successful
Battle Happen Poor
Defense Know Honest
Defense minister Look/ after Personality
Event Marry Prominent
Future Move Rich
Goal Reisit Representative
Historian Set Literary
Life Support
Messenger
Orphan
Person
Poet
Pilot
Political
President
Prime minister
Prisoner
Scientist
Shepherd
Skate
Swing
Trible
Tyrannical
Writer

53
Unit 6

In this unit you are going to:

- introduce people.
- exchange personal information.
- read about greetings around the world.
- listen to people talking about greeting
customs.
- write a paragraph about yourself.
- ask and answer questions with “Be”.

54
 Unit 6 Lesson 1

Discussion

Shake hands hug bow

Pat the back press palms together

- Do you name a country for each picture?
- Which greeting is the most common? Unusual?
- How do you greet in your hometown?
- Remember a Muslim never bows when he greets others.
Conversation
A. Read and practice
Practice the following conversation with your partner.
Teacher: Hello, Maywand. I see you with a new friend today.
Maywand: Yes, Mr.Kazim. This is Raj Anand.
Teacher: Nice to meet you, Raj.
Raj: Pleased to meet you, Mr. Kazim.
Teacher: This is the first time someone greets me
with a press of his palms.
Raj: It is called "Namaste".
Teacher: Where are you from?
Raj: I am from India and I’m here on a business.
Teacher: Enjoy your time.
Raj: Thank you.
B. If you are with a group of friends, do you always introduce
newcomers to them? Why?
55
 Unit 6 Lesson 1

Subject Possessive
Grammar pronouns Adjectives
I My
You Your
Wh – question with "Be" He His
What is your name? My name is Raj. She Her
Where are you from? I'm from India. It Its
We Our
Where is she from? She is from Nemrooz. You Your
Who are they? They are her friends. They Their

A. Complete this conversation with verb “Be”, subject pronouns or

possessive adjectives. Check your answers with your partner.
Shaista: I see ____________ cousins __________ here!
Karima: Girls, this is ____________ best friend Shaista.
Shukria: Oh, so you ________ Shaista! We are so happy to meet ________.
Shaista: Glad to meet you, too.
Shukria: I ____________ Shukria and ____________ from Herat.
Shaista: Which city ____________ you from?
Laila: ____________ from Jalalabad.
Shaista: ____________ hope you have fun during ____________ stay here.
B. In pairs: Make three WH – questions about your friends using the
verb “Be” then take turns to ask and answer questions.
C. In groups: Take turns introducing a partner to others.
Student 1: Saleh, this is ____________.
He’s from ___________
Student 2: Hello, ____________. Nice to meet you.
Student 3: Hi, pleased to meet you, too.

56
 Unit 6 Lesson 2

Vocabulary
Which of the following are International and which are traditional?
Complete the table.
Afghani tea Hand shake English language
Qabuli palau Buz Kashi Hamburger

International Traditional

Reading
A. – Why is it important to know about greeting customs?
– How are International Schools different from local schools?

At Oxford International School, I learned that greeting customs differ

from one country to another. Normally, students greet each other
saying hi, hello, or good morning. However, on special occasions, each
practices his traditional way of greeting.

My Japanese friends occasionally like to use their famous “Ojigi” to

greet each other. They bow to say good morning, hello or good bye.
Dilip and Raj use the Indian Namaste to greet each other. They press
the palms of their hands together and lift them up to their chins. Then
they say “Namaste”. Filipino students shake hands, but close friends
pat each other on the back and say “Kamusta”. John, Jack and Patrick
from Britain greet each other with a hug. If they meet someone for the
first time, they shake hands. Our friends, from the Emirates Saleh and
Ahmad, shake hands with all of us every morning.
Going to an International School helped me learn about different
greeting customs.

57
 Unit 6 Lesson 2

B. Fill in a country for each greetings custom. Check if the greeting is

formal or informal. If you can not tell, write “I don’t know”.
Country Form of greeting Formal Informal

bow to each other.

shake hands.

a pat on the back.

a hug.

Press palms and lift to chin.

C. Do you know of any other greeting customs? Tell your friends about
them.
D. Role play: In pairs, act out the custom of the country named by the
teacher.
Listening
Listen to your teacher while reading the passage about greetings on
page 57 and complete the table
Greeting Press palms
Bow Shakes hand Hug
Country and lift to chin

Japan

India

Filipino

58
 Unit 6 Lesson 3

Conversation
A. Read and practice.
Practice the following conversation with your partner
Rabbani: Hi, Tariq! How are you doing?
Tariq: Great! What about you?
Rabbani: I’m fine, thanks.
Tariq: Rabbani, I’d like you to meet Zaid.
He’s from Ghazni.
Rabbani: Hi, Zaid. Are you in the team with us?
Zaid: No, I’m not. I’m a member of this youth club.
Rabbani: Are you and Tariq playing in the match next week?
Zaid: No, we aren’t.
Rabbani: Why?
Zaid: Because we have a test.
Rabbani: I am really sorry. Ok nice meeting you.
Zaid: Pleased to meet you too.
B. Are you a member of any youth club?
Grammar

Yes / No Questions and short Affirmative Negative

answers with “Be”

Am I in the team? Yes, you are. No, you are not.

Are you a member(s) of our club? Yes, I am. No, I am not.
Is basketball difficult? Yes, it is. No, it is not.
Are you and Tariq in the same team? Yes, we are. No, we are not.
Are the players Japanese? Yes, they are. No, they are not.

A. Complete the conversation and practice with a partner.

Student A: Hello, _____________ you in the basketball team?
Student B: Yes, _________ ___________.
Student A: ___________ you a new member?
Student B: No, ______________. But I have been ill for a long time.
_____________ our coach here?
Student A: Yes, he __________ in the next room.
59
 Unit 6 Lesson 3

B. Go around the class and find the information. Compare your

answers with the group.
1. How many students have the same first name? ____________________
(Ask: What’s your first name?)
2. Are there any students who have the same last name? _______________
(Ask: What’s your last name?)
3. How many students come from another country? ___________________
(Ask: Are you from Japan?)
4. How many students come from another district/ province? ____________
(Ask: Are you from this district/ province?)
Writing
A. 1. What is a paragraph?
- A paragraph is a group of sentences about one main idea. This main
idea is called the topic.

2. What does a paragraph look like?

- An English paragraph has a special form. Look at the paragraph below. It
is written in the correct form.

My name is Ghulam Jilani. I am 32 years old. I am from

Kandahar, Afghanistan. My native language is Pashto. I
am an art worker.
A. 1. Do you remember the rules of writing a paragraph?

Rules of paragraph writing:

1. Begin each sentence with a capital letter.
2. End each sentence with a full stop.
3. Do not start each sentence on a new line.

60
 Unit 6 Lesson 3

2. What is wrong with this paragraph?

The following paragraph is not written in the correct form. Look at the
paragraph with a partner and discuss what is wrong with its form.

my name is Nemat
i am 25 years old
i am from Jozjan
my native language is Ozbeki
i am a hairdresser

3. Rewrite the correct paragraph.

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

4. Write a paragraph about yourself in your notebooks.

61
 Unit 6 Lesson 4

Phonics
short a as in Short e as in
man men
A. Listen to your teacher and repeat.
1. man men
B.
2. pan pen
Short e sound is also written as ea,
3. sat set weather, feather, bread, spread,
head, dead and heavy.
4. pat pet
5. bat bet
6. mat met
B. Read the sentences. Put the underlined words in the right column.
a. It rained heavily yesterday.
b. I took my old leather bag and held my umbrella over my head.
c. I went to the shop and asked the salesman to give me a bread pan.
d. I went back home and baked some bread in it.

Short a Short e

62
 Unit 6 Lesson 4

Grammar Summary

Subject pronoun + Be Be Contractions Possessive adjectives

I am I'm my
He He's your
She is She's his
This is friend.
It It's her
We We're our
You are You're their
They They're It is its tail.
Wh – questions with" Be"
is your
What his/her name(s)?
are
their
is my
Where school(s)?
are their
my
is
your
Who teacher(s)?
his/her
are
our

Yes / No questions with "Be" Short answer

Yes, it is.
Is English easy?
No, it isn't.

Are they from Italy? Yes, they are.

No, they aren't.

Is she Chinese? Yes, she is.

No, she isn't

63
 Unit 6 Lesson 4

Speaking
In groups of three or four:
- Make a conversation with group members; ask about his/her
age, family, school, last name, nationality ….etc.
- Write down the information. Find what you have in common
.e.g. same age, same number of sisters/brothers …etc.
Reading
A. Read about four people. Complete the chart below.

Eduardo is from Mindanao, Philippines. His mother

tongue is Tagalog but he
also speaks English fluently. He is a secretary in a big
office in New York. One day he wants to own a
business. His hobby is playing football.

Lee is a student in an English language center. He comes

from Seoul, South Korea. He can speak two languages
Korean and Chinese. In addition, he wants to learn
English so that he can become a doctor. He likes
swimming very much, but he has no time nowadays.

Ameera is a Librarian in Egypt. She was born in Cairo

but her family moved to Alexandria recently. She can
speak and write English fairly well. She wants to
improve her spelling because she would like to be a
journalist someday. She also reads a lot.

Su Chen is a Chinese nurse. She is from Taipei, Taiwan.

Mandarin Chinese is her first language. She can read
and write English well, but she needs to improve her
spoken language. She wants to do her doctorate in
nursing. In her free time she likes to cook.

64
 Unit 6 Lesson 4

Who is Where is What does he/ What languages

No
he/ she? he/she from? she want to be? does he/she speak?
1
2
3
4

B. Imagine that you are one of these people. Talk about yourself.
e.g. My name is Ameera / Lee. I’m from Egypt /. Korea, ………….etc.
Listening
Listen to your classmates talking about his / her friend and complete
the information about each person.
No Family
First Name Studying Country
Name
1
2
3

65
 Vocabulary
Unit 6
Nouns Verbs Adjectives
Business Bow Dead
Club Differ Formal
Coach Exchange Informal
Custom Held Heavy
Filipino Improve Local
Journalist Press Native
Occasion Shake Personal
Palm
Adverb
Player
Normally
Shake hand
Occasionally
Heavily

66
Unit 7

In this unit you are going to:

- talk about daily activities.

- talk about work and school.
- listen to someone talk about his / her daily
activities.
- read about a day in the life of a tourist
guide.
- write a paragraph describing a job.

67
 Unit 7 Lesson 1

Discussion
- How often do you ___________?
- spend time with family - do housework - study - visit relatives

- eat out - meet friend - watch sport - look after children

Conversation
A. Read and practice.
Practice the following conversation with your partner.
Hashim: What do you do, Rahman?
Rahman: I work for the Ministry of Public Health.
Hashim: Do you have a long working day?
Rahman: I usually work from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
Hashim: So you wake up late in the morning.
Rahman: No, I always get up early so that I can
perform Morning Prayer (Sobh Prayer) at
the mosque, recite the Holy Qur’an,
exercise and read the newspaper.
Hashim: Do you usually have lunch at home?
Rahman: NO, I usually have lunch at work with my
colleagues, but sometimes I eat out with
my friends.
Hashim: How about having lunch with me next week?
Rahman: Oh! I am sorry I can't, because I am on duty.
Hashim: How about Friday night?
Rahman: That is great.
Hashim: See you on Friday night. Bye
Rahman: See you, bye.
B. What activities do you enjoy doing after school or in your free time?

68
 Unit 7 Lesson 1

Grammar

Adverbs of Frequency

Always Usually Often Sometimes Seldom Rarely Never

100% 90-99% 75-90% 25-75% 10-25% 1-10% 0%
Adverbs of Frequency are used to show repetition of an action.
Adverbs of Frequency Time expressions

I always get up at 7:30 in the morning.

He often goes to bed early at night.
I usually have dinner at around quarter to nine in the evening.
We never stay at exactly half past seven in the afternoon.
She is always the best in before / after four
class.
A. Complete the sentences with suitable words or expressions.

a. My family ____________ has breakfast at exactly ____________

every weekend.
b. I ____________ go to school on Fridays so I have time to clean my
closet ____________.
c. My mother ____________ cooks on ____________ because we
usually have lunch with her.
d. We ____________ go to the funfair at around ____________ .
e. My family ____________ goes to Bagh Bala on weekends because
it is overcrowded.
B. Take turns asking and answering about some activities you do on
weekends. Use suitable adverbs of frequency.

How often do you meet I usually meet them on

friends? Fridays.

69
 Unit 7 Lesson 2

Vocabulary
A. Look at the pictures.
Match the pictures to the jobs in the box. Say what each person does.
journalist waiter secretary announcer policeman
writes for serves in a writes letters presents controls
newspapers restaurant (types) (news) traffic

B. Imagine you are a___________. Talk about your daily activities.

(job)
Listening
One of your classmates is describing his / her working day to the class.
When can he do each activity? Listen and tick.

Activity Day shift Night shift

watch sports
spend time with family
eat out
visit friends
shop
exercise

70
 Unit 7 Lesson 2

Reading
A. Read this article about Farhad who works as a tour guide in Afghan
Tour in Kabul.
Sometimes people ask me, “Do you like your job?” I say, “I love
it.” I always meet interesting people from different countries. Everyday,
I start work very early. By eight-thirty, I meet my group of tourists at
the hotel. Then we start our trip around the city. I always take them to
historical places, such as ancient palaces and museums. For lunch, I
usually take the tourists to typical Afghan restaurant. In the evening we
often visit other places such as, the Intercontinental where tourists
greatly enjoy the food and the sight. They have dinner around the pool
and listen to the music. They also enjoy visiting traditional market
places, especially Chicken Street (Kocha Morgha). I often help them
shoping around because they don’t speak Dari or Pashto.
My work keeps me away from home for long hours. I usually
return home at 7:30 p.m. Sometimes, I stay away for days when I take
tourists to Bamyan, but I enjoy it. My wife and kids don’t like my job. I
seldom go out with them on holidays because I am busy showing other
people around.

B. Read the article then circle the better answer.

The article talks about
- Farhad’s daily routine.
- A tour around Kabul.
C. Answer the questions.
1. Name two places Farhad takes the tourists to.
2. How many hours does Farhad work everyday?
D. Find a word from the article that means:
- Old = ________________________.
- People who travel for fun = __________________.
- To like doing = _________________.
D. How often does Farhad do these things?
- Take tourists to ancient places. - Enjoy holidays with family.
- See people of many nationalities. - Make shopping easy for tourists.
- Not see family for 2 -3 days.
F. Would you like being a tour guide? Why? Why not?

71
 Unit 7 Lesson 3

Conversation
A. Read and practice
Practice the following conversation with your partner
Nooria: Which school do you go to, Tahera?
Tahera: I go to the Zarghona High School.
Nooria: Oh, I see. My sister Alia works there.
Tahera: What does she do?
Nooria: She teaches geography.
Tahera: What about you, where do you work?
Nooria: In a hospital. I’m a nurse. I look after
patients.
Tahera: It must be hard work.
Nooria: Yes, it is. What about you, do you like
school?
Tahera: I love it even though some subjects are
difficult.
B. What would you like to be when you grow up? Why?

Grammar

Simple Present Tense

Wh – questions with "Do" Answers
What do you do? I'm an announcer.
Which school does she go to? She goes to Zarghona high school.
Where do they work? They work for a company.
How often do you read books? I always read books.

Yes / No questions with "Do" Affirmative Negative

Does she go to Zarghona high school? Yes, she does. No, she doesn't.
Do they work for a newspaper? Yes, they do. No, they don't.
Does he like school? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't.

72
 Unit 7 Lesson 3

A. Complete the conversation. Then practice with a partner.

1. A: What ________ you ________? 2. A: What _____ your father______?
B: I’m a __________________. B: He’s ____. He ____ in a ____.
A: And ____________ you study? A: What about your uncle? ______
B: I study at ____________. he work?
A: _______ subjects _______you like? B: Yes, _____. He works in a ____.
B: I like ________________ A: ______________ he do?
B: He is a _______. He ________.
B: In groups: Play a guessing game.
Choose a job and mime action related to the job. The group guesses the
job.
Writing
Read the passage about Fawzia Habib then complete column A in the
table.
Fawzia Habib is a doctor at the Indera Gandi Children’s hospital in
Kabul. She starts work at half past seven in the morning. From 7:30 to
9:00 she visits her patients, during the visit she loves to make her patients
laugh with telling jokes and then she takes a tea break. At 10:00 a.m. she
starts her clinic. At 12:00 p.m. she goes to have lunch with her
colleagues. She goes back to work at 1:00 p.m. and check the patients till

A B
Job
Place
City

Activities

B. Fill column B with information about someone you know. Then use it
to write a paragraph in your notebook.

73
 Unit 7 Lesson 4

Phonic
Short "i" as in sit Short "e" as in set
A. Listen to y our teacher and repeat.

1 sit set
2 tins tens B
3 pin pen
4 hid head Short "i" sound is usually written as
5 big beg "i" lip, milk, hint, fridge, bridge, his,
six
6 bill bell
C. Read the sentences. Put the underlined words in the right column.

a. My uncle is a mechanic.

b. He gets up very early in the morning.

c. He has breakfast at six o’clock.

d. He listens to the Holy Qur’an on his way to work.

e. He has dinner with his family at seven o’clock.

Short i Short e

74
 Unit 7 Lesson 4

Grammar Summary

Time expressions
I before / after ten o'clock.
Sohila have a history lesson 9:00 .p.m.
and start school at around
Lila
the evening
was born the afternoon.
in
Rahim studies late the morning.
He / She cooks early
sleeps the 2nd of September.
on
weekends.
Simple Present: Wh – and Yes / No questions with "Do"

Where do they / we
exercise
When does he / she
in the morning.
Do I/ you/ we/ they
exercise
Does he / she
Adverbs of Frequency
I always
go
They usually
often to work by car.
Bilal seldom
rarely goes
He / She
never
A. Look at the activities below. Write as many questions as you can
about each one. (Not less than two questions)
a. read ____________________________________________________
b. exercise ________________________________________________
c. visit friends or family _____________________________________
d. watch TV ______________________________________________
B. In pairs: Ask and answer each other’s questions about daily schedule
and activities.

75
 Unit 7 Lesson 4

C. Rewrite the sentences using the adverbs of frequency.

1. He spends Friday's morning with his friends. (always)
__________________________________________________________
2. They go to the library and borrow some books. (usually)
_________________________________________________________
3. They let a week without reading a book. (never)
__________________________________________________________
4. They play table tennis together. (often)
__________________________________________________________
5. They have lunch in a restaurant. (rarely)
__________________________________________________________
Speaking
A. There are certain activities that you do daily, what are they? How
much time do you spend on each? Fill in the table.
activity time spent activity time spent

B. Look at Naiem’s time circle. Use the table above to make your own
time circle.

76
 Unit 7 Lesson 4

C. In pairs: Ask about each other’s activities. What do you have in

common?
D. Look at your time circle. Do you think you should change some of
your daily activities to make better use of your time?
Reading
A. Look at Mustafa’s picture. Where do you think he works? Fill in the
table.

What I know What I want to know What I learned

K W L
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
B. Read the paragraph about Mustafa. Complete it with the words from
the box.
before – around – in – early – late – on – at – after

Everyone at the airport knows Mustafa. He is a ground steward for

Afghan Airlines. He checks passengers’ passports, tickets, etc.
____________ weekdays, Mustafa sleeps most of the day and wakes up
a little ____________ ____________ the morning. He has “brunch”
(breakfast and lunch) ____________ 09:30 or 10:00. He watches
television ____________ the afternoon prayers. He leaves for work after
six o’clock ____________ night and returns ____________ in the
morning, usually around 5:00 a.m. He hurries to the mosque to pray and
is never late for morning prayer (Sobh prayer).

77
 Vocabulary
Unit 7
Nouns Verbs Adjectives
Announcer Announce Ancient
Article Be (is, am, are, was, were) Common
Bed Break Historical
Bell Check Public
Bill Control Typical
Colleague Fill
Company Get/ up Question words
Funfair Guide How
Ground Have/ has (eat) How many
Guide Imagine How much
Hospital Keep What
Joke Laugh When
Kid Rewrite Where
Ministry of public health Show Which
Museum Sit Why
Palace Adverbs
Passenger Especially
Passport Seldom
Pin
Policeman/ woman
Public
Repetition
Shift
Show
Sight
Steward
Ticket
Tourist
Trip
Waiter

78
Unit 8

79
 Unit 8 Lesson 1

Speaking
In groups: Discuss about this profession.
Which profession do you like? Why?
Listening
Listen to people talking about their jobs. As you listen to your teacher,
check the statements that are true.
Hadia
Hadia works in an office.
She knows how to type.
She types memos and letters.
People ask Hadia for appointments.
Hadia is a receptionist
Halim
Halim only works at night.
The restaurant is usually busy.
He has an easy job.
Halim works hard.
He gets tired at work.
He likes his job.

Abdullah
Halim is a waiter
Abdullah starts his work at 7:30 am every day.
He stays in shape by jogging and swimming.
Being in good shape is important for his job.
Abdullah likes his job.
He thinks his job is important.
Sometimes he helps injured people. Abdullah is a
Abdullah is a firefighter.

80
 Unit 8 Lesson 2

Vocabulary
A. Write at least five items under each category.
Adverb of Frequency Places Jobs Greeting
usually school teacher shake hands

B. In pairs: One of your friend is saying a verb and the second student
use the verb with adverb of frequency in a sentence.
Speaking
In groups: Take out a piece of paper. Divide it into six equal rows.
Write ‘Who’ – ‘Did’ – ‘What’ – ‘With whom’ – ‘Where’ – ‘When’ – at
the top of each row. Then write a question for each and ask your
questions from your classmates.
Reading
A. How often do you go grocery shopping? Who do you go with?
Palwasha and her family go shopping once a week. They always visit
Shar-e Now Market. Usually, Palwasha has her two brothers and her
mother with her. Often the market has special offers. Palwasha and her
brothers love to buy different kinds of food that are on display. They
begin by picking up dairy products, like milk, cheese, and butter. Then
they buy a variety of juices. Next, Palwasha's mother stops to get fresh
fruit and vegetables. She always buys meat from butchery of the
supermarket. Palwasha loves to choose things for the house. Her brother
loves to drive the trolley through the chocolate and cookies shops. They
always argue about which type of cookies to choose. Palwasha never
forgets to check her shopping list. She usually manages to buy all the
items on the list. She rarely finds the check out counter empty as the
queue at the cashier is always long. Palwasha and her brothers help to put
everything in the car. They return home tired but happy.

81
 Unit 8 Lesson 2

B. Rewrite the sentences below replacing the underlined words in the

passage with the underlined word in the sentences.
1. Palwasha and her brother like to purchase different kinds of food.
___________________________________________________________
2. They start buying milk, cheese and butter.
____________________________________________________________
3. There's a long line so she has to wait to pay.
_____________________________________________________________
4. Palwasha's brothers fight about things to buy.
__________________________________________________________

C. Put in the correct adverb of frequency.

Always Usually Often Sometimes Never

1. The family ____________ needs two trolleys because they have a

lot of groceries.

2. Palwasha's mother ____________ goes to the meat in the market.

3. Palwasha ____________ checks the shopping list.

4. Palwasha's family ____________ shops at the same place.

5. She ________ finds the checking counters empty.

82
 Unit 8 Lesson 3

Speaking
In groups: Can you guess who was he/ she.
One of your classmates describes a famous person of the nation without
taking his/ her name and the others say his / her name.
Vocabulary

Write a verb that is used with each given words. Then add one or more
words for each verb to make a sentence.

1. ___________________ homework / ________________________

2. ___________________ holiday / __________________________

3. ___________________ at home / ___________________________

4. ___________________ friends / ____________________________

5. ___________________ a program ___________________________

Listening
A. Complete the sentences with the names you hear.
Note: Dear teacher! Say the names from your own.

1. Shafiqa was going to the market when ______________ called her.

2. ______________ bought a kilo of meat from the butchery.

3. In the butchery he met ________________.

4. ______________ is having lunch.

5. Who is he? He is my best friend, ______________.

6. ______________ and her friends go to the picnic every Friday.

83
 Unit 8 Lesson 4

Phonics
Short vowels (a, i, e)
A. Read the words. Then sort them according to their sound. Some
words can be put under more than one column.
stamp straight give bill speak kindergarten
camp write cat garage pet cousin
mechanic plane until bread sweets kite
friend bat pet health children memory
met sit hospital sit big tins

a e i

B. Write the words that have completely different sounds.

Conversation

Complete the conversation. Then practice with a friend.

Nargis: Hi, my name is Nargis.
Rabia: Hello Nargis. I'm Rabia.
Nargis: Nice party! Are you enjoying yourself?
Rabia: _____________________________________________
Nargis: Are you Hadia's friend?
Rabia: _____________________________________________
Nargis: What are you doing?
Rabia: I'm a student. I'm in eighth grade.
Nargis: _____________________________________________
Rabia: Nice meeting you, too.

84
 Unit 8 Lesson 4

Speaking
In pairs: Ask and answer questions about Palwasha’s story in the
reading of lesson 2.
Student A: How often does Palwasha go shopping?
Student B: Once a week.
Writing
A. Choose two countries. Name a famous person from each country. On
the timeline write the events of his / her life.

B. Write a paragraph about one of the famous person you have chosen.

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

85
 Vocabulary
Unit 8
Nouns Verbs Adjectives
Bull Argue Empty
Camp Discuss Equal
Cashier Fight Piece
Chocolate Injure Variety
Column Manage Famous
Cookies Offer Conjunctions
Counter Pick But
Display Sort Until
Firefighter Touch
Person Adverb
List Straight
Memory
Queue
Receptionist
Row
Success
Trolley

86
Unit 9 Lesson 1

Unit 9

In this unit you are going to:

x ask for and give directions.
x give instructions.
x learn about road signs.
x listen to people giving directions and
following them on a map.
x read about maps.
x write a paragraph giving directions to a
place.

87
 Unit 9 Lesson 1

Discussion

A. Where do you see these signs?

B. What are they for?
C. Match the signs with the instructions.
a. Go straight b. Turn right
c. U turn d. Don’t turn left
e. Dead end f. Don’t enter
Conversation
A. Read and practice.
Practice the following conversation with your partner.
Secretary: Estaqlal Hospital. Can I help
you?
Mr. Hashim: Yes, can you tell me the way to
your hospital?
Secretary: Certainly. Where are you now?
Mr. Hashim: I’m on Dar ul Aman Road near
the Habibia High School.
Secretary: The hospital isn’t very far. Just
go straight ahead Dar ul Aman road to Estaqlal bus
station the hospital is on the right.
Mr. Hashim: Thanks.
B. Is it important to give clear directions? Why?
Grammar

Preposition of place
Where are you I’m on Dar ul Aman Road near
now? Habibia High School. past
near
under
Can you tell me the Go straight ahead on this road.
over
way Turn left on University Road.
in front of
……………….? Go past the Arian wedding hall.
Turn right on Park Road.

88
 Unit 9 Lesson 1

Bank

Rabia Balkhi
Hospital
Serena Hotel

Start here
Estaqlal High

Communication
Ministry of
School

Zarnegar Park
Abdur Rahman
Mosque
Kabul
Public Library Municipality
Gul Bahar
Center

Ministry of Education

A. Look at the above map and complete the sentences.

1. A: Excuse me, is there a mosque _________the Ministry of
Communication?
B: Yes, there is one__________ the Ministry.
2. A: Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the library?
B: Certainly. If you are next to the Ministry of Communication, go
________ to the Serena Hotel street then turn left and go
_______ ahead to the Malek Asghar intersection, you will see
the library on the right.
B. In pairs: Choose a location on the map above. Ask your partner how
to get there. Your partner will give you directions. Use prepositions
of place.

89
 Unit 9 Lesson 2

Listening
A. A Police officer is giving people directions. Listen to your teacher
and match the questions to answers.

Excuse me, how far is the It is around the corner. Just turn
Serena Hotel; from here? right on Forooshga Street and
you will see it.
Could you tell me where You are standing in front of it.
the bus stop is?
It is about five minutes away.
Excuse me, where is the Bank? Go straight ahead to the bank
street then turn right and walk
to the end of the block it is on
Reading the left.
A. – In which subjects do you use maps?
– What do you use maps for? Why?
Map Reading
What are maps? Let us draw a very simple map to findd
out what it is. Take a piece of plain paper. Put your hand
d
on it. Then with a pencil draw around your fingers and d
thumb. Make sure that you outlined each one carefully. y.
Remove your hand from the paper. Mark your fingerr
nails and knuckles. Now you have a "map" of your hand.
There are different kinds of maps: like the world map, city map, road
map, street and house maps. We use directions on a map to show us
places. The main directions are east, west, north and south. A compass is
used to see the directions.
Maps also show size, climate and physical features such as rivers,
mountains and deserts of a country. Signs or symbols are used to show
things on a map. Symbols replace words by pictures to make the map
easier to understand. These symbols are shown in a small box called the
"key" or "legend" given on the side of a map.
Now, let's look at the map of our Country Afghanistan. What does it tell
us? It shows that it is located at the heart of Asia. It has lots of
mountains and two famous rivers "Amu and Helmand". The region is
important because it has large reserves of mines, oil and natural gas.

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 Unit 9 Lesson 2

B. First read the map carefully. Then read the questions and answer.

1. What does the map "key" tell us?

a. The names of countries.
b. The meanings of the symbols on the map.
c. The color of flags.
2. What does the "compass rose" in the upper right corner tell you?
a. Time.
b. Distance.
c. Direction.
3. Can you name three countries that have oil?
___________________________________________________________
4. Which countries are in north of Afghanistan?
___________________________________________________________
5. What is the capital of Uzbekistan?
__________________________________________________________
6. Which country covers a large area, Afghanistan or Tajikistan?
___________________________________________________________

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 Unit 9 Lesson 3

Vocabulary
Match each shape in column A with its name in column B. then add two
more shapes to the list.

A B A B A B

circle triangle

square lozenge

Conversation
A. Read and practice.
Practice the following conversation with your partner
Instructor: Khalid, is this the first time you are
taking driving lessons?
Khalid: Yes, I'm very excited about it.
Instructor: Good. Buckle up! Remember to look at
the road signs carefully. You must
keep them in mind while driving.
Khalid: Sure I will.
Instructor: Look! There is a road sign. It's a white
circle with a black arrow pointing to
the left. What does it mean?
Khalid: It shows you can turn left.
Instructor: What about that triangle at the end of
the road?
Khalid: Oh, that's a danger sign.
B. Do you follow rules while driving? Why is it important to follow rules?
Grammar
Imperative
Affirmative Negative
Buckle up!
Go straight ahead. Don't go straight.
Cross the road. Don’t cross the road.
Turn left at the corner. Don't turn left at the corner.

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 Unit 9 Lesson 3

A. Look at these road signs; write down the instructions.

1. _____________________ 4. _____________________
2. _____________________ 5. _____________________
3. _____________________
B. Do you know any other signs? Draw one.
C. In pairs: Show the sign to your partner and let him/her tell you what
it means.
Writing
A. Read the paragraph and write the name of the building on the lines.
1. _________________
Shoora Street

2. _________________
3. _________________
4. _________________
5. _________________

Kart e Se

I live on Shoora Street. My friends usually come to my house

through Kart e Se Road. Go south towards Shoora Street. You will see
a Bank on your left. Near the bank there are many shops. I go there fore
shopping everyday. At the corner of Kart e Se and Shoora Street there
is a Drug store which is open all day. Turn left on Shoora Street until
you come to a restaurant. Near the restaurant there is a police station.
My house is beside the police station.

B. Draw a map of your street on your notebooks. Choose a place on the

map and write a paragraph giving directions to it.

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 Unit 9 Lesson 4

Phonics
Short "a" as in cap Short "u" as in cup

A. Listen to your teacher while he/ she is reading the following words
and repeat.
1. cap cup
B. Short u sound is also written as:
2. hat hut
ou (country – double – trouble
3. bag bug – cousin).
O (come – some – glove –
4. ran run cover).
5. pan pun
6. cat cut

B. Read the paragraph. Write the words with short (a) and Short (u) in
the table below.
I have a lot of fun with my two younger brothers and my cousins in the
club. They have one boxing class a week and my cousin always forgets
his boxing gloves. The instructor makes him jump a hundred times as a
punishment.
Short (a) Short (u)

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 Unit 9 Lesson 4

Grammar Summary
Preposition of Place
Affirmative Negative
past
near
Slow down. Slow down. ahead
beside
Look out! Look out! under
Don’t over
Turn left. Turn left. in
on
Study hard. Study hard. between
next to

Complete the instructions below with the verbs. Use don't + verb where
necessary.
1. ____________ out of the window. 2. ____________ aloud.
3. ____________ late. 4. ____________ the sentences on the board.
4. ____________ to the news. 6. ____________ in the class.
7. ____________ fast. 8. ____________ two kilos of meat.

Listening
Someone wants to go from Froshga to Kabul zoo. Listen to your teacher
while directing the person and draw the way he says.

Speaking

In pairs: Your Sport Club is planning a walk across the city from
Kabul University to Amani High School. Choose the way you want to
get there. Draw your map on your notebook and specify your route
with a pencil. Do not show your map to your partner. Take turns
describing your route to your partner. He/She will follows your
directions on the map. If he/she gets lost try again.

95
 Vocabulary
Unit 9
Nouns Verbs Adjectives
Arrow Enter Clear
Box Jump Excited
Climate Mind Physical
Compass Point Plain
Danger Replace Simple
Direction Reserve
Finger Rule
Heart Sign
Instruction Understand
Intersection
Key
Knuckle Adverb
Left Ahead
Legend
Mind
Mine
Ministry of communication
Point
Punishment
Rule
Side
Sign
Square
Symbol
Thumb
Triangle
Lozenge

96
Unit 10

In this unit you are going to:

x talk about past events and experiences.
x describe people's characters.
x listen to someone describing others.
x read about a special memory.
x write a paragraph about a special memory.

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 Unit 10 Lesson 1

Discussion
- Which of these do you remember?
- Your first friend. - Your first teacher.
- Your first cooking. - Your first bicycle/toy.
Conversation
A. Read and practice.
Listen to your teacher while reading the conversation and practice it
with your partner.
Nadia: Shamsia, meet Sara my first friend ever.
Shamsia: Hi, Sara. When did you meet Nadia?
Sara: I met her at the Primary school. We went
to school together.
Nadia: Do you remember our first day at school?
Sara: Uh-huh, it's a fond memory I have.
Shamsia: Tell me about it.
Nadia: Our moms were good friends. They took us to school and
introduced us there.
Sara: Nadia was a shy, well behaved, seven years old.
Nadia: And you were a happy and friendly little girl. When our moms
slipped out of the room, I felt very sad.
Sara: I did, too. Then we ran behind our moms and cried loudly, Ma-
Ma
B. Is it important to have friends? Why?

C. List four words that describe Nadia and Sara.

___________________ ___________________
___________________ ___________________

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 Unit 10 Lesson 1

Grammar

Past Tense Regular verbs

- When did you meet - I met her at the primary slip slipped
Nadia? school. study studied
- What was she like? - She was shy and well work worked
- When did you go to behaved.
club? - I went two years ago. Irregular verbs
- Did you do anything - Yes, we did. We went on a do did
special? school trip yesterday. go went
- Where did you study - I studied in the library. have had
for the exam? meet met
see saw
teach taught
A. Complete the conversations. Then practice with a partner.

A: When _______ you A: _______ you _______ (do)

__________ (meet) Hassan? anything special last weekend?
B: I _______ him last week. He is B: Yes, I _______ (go) for a picnic
a shy person. and meet many of my friends

A: How _______ you _______ (pass) this

difficult exam?
B: A clever friend _______ (help) me study.

B. In groups: - Talk about your first day at school. Ask questions and
give true answers.

- How old are you? - What school did you go to?

- What was your teacher like? - What did you do?
Say who had the funniest experience in your group and why?

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 Unit 10 Lesson 3

Vocabulary
A. Look at the pictures. Read the adjectives. Can you think of three
more character adjectives that describe people? Write them on the
lines below.

friendly happy talkative shy naughty

B. Choose at least three adjectives to describe a friend.

My friend is ______________, ______________, and ______________.

Listening

- Listen to your classmates talking about his/her friends. Tick the

adjective used to describe each student.

Name
shy happy talkative naughty
Adjective
Naiem
Nader
Rashid
Noor Ahmad

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 Unit 10 Lesson 3

Reading
A. Do you remember a special moment in your childhood?
B. Read the title and the first two sentences. What do you think this
reading is about?
- A sad memory.
- A story in the past.
- An unforgettable memory.

A memorable day
One of my happiest memories is of my secondary school day in UK. I
was fourteen years old when my family moved to UK. I liked life in the
United Kingdom and got used to it easily. However, I was always proud
of living in my own country. One day, the school took us on a field trip
to the museum. The museum was full of interesting things to see. I
listened carefully to what the teacher had to say about the museum. Our
teacher told us that the flag of every county in the world hangs in this
hall. Hurriedly my eyes searched for the Afghan flag. I felt
proud of my national flag. My teacher and classmates were touched by
my patriotism. I wanted to get home and tell my family about the
museum. We spent the rest of the day telling everyone how wonderful it
was to visit the museum and interesting places. How nice is for a child to
love his country and be proud of it. It was a memorable day indeed.
B. What does each underlined word mean? Read each word in the
context then circle the right answer.
1. Line 4: “proud” means
a. to be unhappy and sad b. to behave very badly.
c. to be pleased by something that belongs to you
2. Line 8: "museum" means
a. a building where ancient objects are kept b. places teachers can go to.
c. place you can buy things.
D. Read each question. Then circle the right answer:
1. Where did the writer live before he came to UK?
a. India b. Afghanistan c. United States of America
2. What is the main idea of this reading?
a. an unforgettable childhood memory.b. going to school in another country.
c. child's love for his country.

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 Unit 10 Lesson 3

Conversation
A. Read and practice .
Listen to your teacher while reading the conversation and practice it
with your partner.
Hatam: Dad, my uncle sent this old photo
album for you yesterday.
Dad: Let's look at the pictures.
Hatam: Where is this? Where are you here?
Dad: That is me with your uncles in front
of Ghazi Stadium in Kabul. We used
to spend a week in Kabul every
summer.
Hatam: Did you enjoy yourselves?
Dad: It was great!
Hatam: How did you spend your time?
Dad: We used to get up early in the morning to pray in Edga
Mosque. Then we would have a big breakfast. Our mom used
to make the most delicious "Hamlet, cheese and cream" for
us.
Hatam: Sounds like fun.
B. Do you collect little things that remind you of special moments? Why?
Grammar
Direct Object
Mom cooked bread.
(V) (O)
We all ate it. (bread – it – album – pen) are all
(V) (O) direct objects. (O)
Uncle sent this album.
(V) (O) The object which comes after the
He gave me a pen. verb is called direct object. (V)
A. Read the sentences. Then underline the verbs and circle the direct objects.
1. Nasir collected stamps.
2. He bought a new album.
3. He put the stamps in it.
4. He took the album to school.
5. He showed it to his friends.

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 Unit 10 Lesson 3

Direct and Indirect objects

Some verbs can take two objects: a direct object (D.O.) and an
indirect object (I.O.)
Hatam gave the album to his father.
(V) (D.O.) (I.O.) Verbs that take indirect object:
Our mom made "bread" for us. Two Objects:
(V) (D.O.) (I.O.)
He bought a nice notebook for me. Give buy show order pass
(V) (D.O.) (I.O.) send write make tell
B. Read the sentences. Then circle the direct object and put a line under
the indirect object.
1. Popal painted a picture for her aunt.
2. He showed it to his father.
3. His Father was happy. He sent it to his sister.
4. His aunt wrote a thank you note to them.
5. She also gave some money to Popal.
6. Popal bought an interesting book for himself.
C. Choose three verbs from the box above. Use them to tell your
partner about something you remember.
Writing

A. Complete the chart with words from the list. Add one more
word to each category. Then compare it with a partner.
Childhood
memories

summary vacations bicycle Places Hobbies Things

paint collect
stamps swim
circus zoo
football volleyball
park running
mountain

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 Unit 10 Lesson 3

B. In pairs: Use the word in the chart to talk about a childhood

memory. Try to remember something special like " I went to
…………… on holiday." not something routine like "I went
shopping". It should be a time when you were scared, embarrassed,
happy or sad.
C. Complete the chart below. Tell the story to your partner in three
minutes. Be sure to say who, what, when and where.

Event People
…………………………... …………………………...

…………………………... …………………………...

…………………………... …………………………...

…………………………... …………………………...

…………………………... …………………………...

Unforgettable
memory

Place Things
…………………………... …………………………...

…………………………... …………………………...

…………………………... …………………………...

…………………………... …………………………...

…………………………... …………………………...

D. Write a paragraph about your special memory.

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 Unit 10 Lesson 4

Phonics
Short "u" as in cup Short "o" as in cot

A. Listen and repeat after your teacher.

1. hut hot
B.
2. bucks box Short o sound is also written as:
Wa _ wash, watch, wallet, wasp,
3. cluck clock
waffle, wand.
4. cup cop
5. jug jog
6. luck lock

B. Read the paragraph and write the words with the short u and short o
sounds in the table.

The clock struck ten and woke the baby Short u Short o
up. I lifted him up from the cot and gave
him hug. Then I washed my hands and
poured the milk from the jug into the cup.
The baby refused to drink it because it
was too hot. I left him to play with the
toy pup while I cooled the milk. He was
quiet and caused me no trouble.

105
 Unit 10 Lesson 4

Grammar Summary

Past Tense

Yes / No Questions
I I did.
Yes,
you you (affirmative)
we we
go to school?
Did they they
play? didn't.
he No, he
she she (negative)
it it
Wh / Questions
What I give the girls? I
you You
When write the letter? gave them presents.
we We
wrote it last week.
did they They
went to school.
he He
Where go to?
she She
it It
Direct object
Subject Verb Direct Object
The girl loved her country.
We passed the exam.
They gave him present.

Indirect object
Subject Verb Direct Object Indirect Object

The students gave postcards the principal

The girl/ boy told the story to her parents.
I showed the picture Saboor.

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 Unit 10 Lesson 4

Circle the direct object and underline the indirect object in each
sentence. Then write questions.
1. Taher showed his wedding picture to her cousins.
_____________________________________________? (What)
2. I got some ice cream for the children last night.
____________________________________________? (When)
3. Bahara brought the newspaper to his father in the car.
____________________________________________? (Where)
4. I gave the money back to him.
___________________________________________? (Yes/No)
5. He did not send the box to Ali.
___________________________________________? (Yes/ No)

Listening and speaking

- Report what your friends say:

In groups: One student speaks about a special childhood memory.
Other students listen to him/ her and take a note. Then the students say
what he narrated.

107
 Vocabulary
Unit 10
Nouns Verbs Adjectives
Album Cause Hard
Character Cry Memorable
Childhood Find/ found Naughty
Moment Introduce Quiet
Photo Move Rest
Primary/ school Narrate Sad
Secondary/ school Paint Shy
Toy Pass Unforgettable
Trouble Pour Wonderful
Wallet Refuse
Rest Adverbs
Scare Friendly
Search Hurriedly
Slip/ out Loudly
Strike/ struck Rest

Pronouns
Anything
Everyone
Other

108
Unit 11

In this unit you are going to:

x talk about illness and health problems.
x give advice.
x make appointments.
x listen to people talking about their illnesses.
x read someone's diary.
x write your diary.

109
 Unit 11 Lesson 1

Discussion
- Do you know these places?
- Why do people go there?
- What is the difference between them?
- When was the last time you went to a hospital? Why?

Conversation

A. Read and practice.

Listen to your teacher while reading the conversation and practice it
with your partner.
1. Receptionist: Ariana Hospital.
Husnia: Hello, I am Husnia. Can I make
an appointment with Dr. Shams
today?
Receptionist: When would you like to come?
Husnia: In the evening.
Receptionist: Can you come at five?
Husnia: That will be fine.
2. Dr. Shams: Hello, Ms. Husnia. What is the problem?
[ Husnia: I have a terrible sore throat. It really hurts me all the time.
Dr. Shams: Let me have a look. Your throat is infected. You should use
these tablets three times a day and you shouldn't eat solid
food. You'll feel better soon.
Husnia: Thank you, doctor.
B. Before going to the doctor, do you give charity to poor and ask Allah
to cure you or do nothing?

Grammar

Should as Advice
Should Shouldn't
You should stay at home. You shouldn't eat solid food.
You should go to bed. You shouldn't go to work.
You should eat your pills. You shouldn't forget your pills.

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 Unit 11 Lesson 1

A. Complete the conversation between Tahmena and her little brother

Yousuf.
Tahmena: You ________________ eat chocolate. You must lose
weight.
Yusof: I can't. I love chocolate. Maybe I ________________ eat too
much.
Tahmena: You ________________ also exercise every morning.
Yusof: Exercise? You know I don't like to exercise.
Tahmena: But you like playing football, maybe you
________________ play it more often.
Yusof: You are right. I really should.
Tahmena: Last but not the least. You ________________ eat junk food.
Yusof: No way! I like hamburgers. You know something, maybe I
________________ diet, I like the way I am.
B. In pairs:
1. Look at the complaints. Then give advice using should/ shouldn't.

Example:
A: I have a bad headache.
B: You should drink lemon and honey.
C. Choose an illness, make an appointment with a receptionist using
time expressions. The receptionist fills the cards. Exchange roles.

Illness: _____________________ Illness: _____________________

Doctor: ____________________ Doctor: _____________________
Date: ______________________ Date: ______________________
Time: ______________________ Time: ______________________

111
 Unit 11 Lesson 2

Vocabulary
A. Match the pictures with the words.
chicken pox stomachache fever
sunstroke cool swollen the ankle

He has a ___________. He feels ___________. He has got ___________.

He has ___________. He has got a ___________. He has a ___________.

C. In pairs: Choose an illness. Describe it to your partner (don't name
it). Your partner guesses the illness and gives you an advice.

Listening
A. Listen to your classmates describing their health problems. Write
each person's name with the problem and time.

Name Problems When

B. Compare your answers with a partner.

112
 Unit 11 Lesson 2

Reading
A. Do you write a diary?
B. Read Mariam's diary. What is the main idea? Choose the right
answer.
Mariam's week at home.
Mariam's school day.
Mariam's little brother.
June 17 Monday
15 Saturday Dad bought me some really nice
When I got up, I felt ill. I went flowers. I put them in a vase but my
back to bed. Mom called the little brother broke the vase and cut
doctor. But he couldn't come himself. Mom took him to the hospital.
because he was busy. I took my medicine again.
16 Sunday 18 Tuesday
The doctor came at 11 o'clock. He Waleed got out of the hospital. Mom
said I had the flu. He wrote a and dad were very worried about my
prescription. Dad went to the brother. What about me!
pharmacy and got the medicine. It
tasted horrible.
19 Wednesday 20 Thursday
I felt better. I could get up. The weekend!!
Grandmother came in with a box I can go back to school on Saturday.
of chocolate. I love chocolate. I am very happy.

C. Name the day.

x Mariam didn't go to school. ____________________
x Mariam felt that her parents cared more for her brother. __________
x Mariam was happy to go to school. ____________________
x Mariam's father brought her flowers. ____________________
x Waleed hurt himself. ____________________
x Mariam got a box of chocolate. ____________________
D. Match the words to their meanings.
1. pharmacy - a written instruction by the doctor for medicine.
2. prescription - something for keeping flowers.
3. a vase - a place where you buy medicine.
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 Unit 11 Lesson 3

Conversation
A. Read and practice.
Listen to your teacher while reading the conversation and practice it
with your partner.
Principal: Why were you absent last week?
Waleed: I was ill.
Principal: What was wrong?
Waleed: My ankle was swollen. I fell off my bike.
Principal: What did you do?
Waleed: I saw a doctor. He bandaged my ankle and asked me to stay in bed.
Principle: Did you follow his advice?
Waleed: Yes, I did.
Principal: How does it feel now?
Waleed: It's much better, thank you. Here is a letter of excuse from my
father.
B. How do you catch up with your lessons when you are absent?
Grammar
Questions with the Past Tense of "Be"
Where were you last week? I was at home.
What was wrong with your ankle? My ankle was swollen.
Were Laila and Noor in the dispensary atYes, they were.
2:30p.m.? No, they weren't.
Was Mariam at clinic yesterday? Yes, she was.
No, she wasn't.
A. Complete the conversation with the past tense of "Be".
A: Why ______ you late for the A: __________ you at the
class? dispensary?
B: Sorry, I _______ the school B: Yes, I ___________.
clinic. A: _______ Shamsia and Nadera
A: _________ Salem with you? there?
B: No, he _______. I _________. B: Yes, they ___________.
B. Look at the illness in the vocabulary section in lesson two of this unit.
1.Think about the last time you had any of the illness. Where were you?
Was it very painful? Did you go to the doctor? Was the medicine good?
2.Your partner tries to guess the illness by asking questions about what
happened to you. Every time he/ she names the illness, he/she wins a point.
114
 Unit 11 Lesson 3

Writing
A. 1. Imagine you were ill last week. What was the matter?
2. Write your diary for the week.

B. Choose one day from your diary and write a paragraph about it in
your notebook.

115
 Unit 11 Lesson 4

Phonics
Bull / took.
A.
This sound is written as u / oo
U: pull – full – put.
oo: wood – book – foot.

B. Look at the pictures and repeat the words after your teacher.

C. Read the paragraph, and then underline the words that have the
same sound as in took and bull.

Last night I asked my mother if I

could make dinner. So I took my
sister's cooking book. I got a chair and
stood on it and pulled the apron off the
hook. I cut, rolled and baked, but no
one enjoyed my food. I don't blame
them because it was full of salt. My
father looked at me and smiled, and
then I understood that it's all right to
try and fail.

116
 Unit 11 Lesson 4

Grammar Summary
Past Tense of Be (was / were)
Short Answers
Yes / No Questions
I I
he Yes, was.
Was he
she yesterday. she wasn't.
it at the dispensary last week? No,
it
we an hour ago? we were.
Were you Yes,
you
they No, they weren't

Wh – Questions
What the matter?
was
Why she in the hospital?
Where you last week?
were
How many people in the clinic?
Giving Advise
He / She / It should see a doctor.

We / You / They shouldn't take this medicine.

1. Complete the conversation. Use the past tense of the verbs in the
box.
do – be – take – have

A: Sameera ____________ really ill last week.

B: Oh! What ____________ the matter with her?
A: She ____________ a backache and she couldn't leave home.
B: ____________ you visit her?
A: Yes, I did. And I ____________ some flowers for her. They
____________ beautiful.

117
 Unit 11 Lesson 4

2. In pairs:
Imagine you are Sameera.
Patient's name: _____________
Call the doctor's clinic, make an
Doctor: ____________________
appointment. Your partner is the
Date: ______________________
receptionist. He / She makes the
Time:______________________
appointment card.
Listening
Your teacher will name five kinds of vegetables and five fruits. Listen
and write them in your notebooks as you hear.
Speaking
In pairs then in groups: Read the following words and discuss about
advantages and disadvantages of them with your partner and in groups.
What is a healthy diet? Number these types of food in order.

1 = You should eat very little of this. You should eat a lot of this.
______ Fats
______ Meat and fish
______ Vegetables
______ Fruit
______ eggs, milk, cheese
______ Carbohydrates

118
 Vocabulary
Unit 11
Nouns Verbs Adjectives
Advantage Advise Horrible
Advice Blame Worried
Ankle Break/ broke
Appointment Fail
Apron Hurt
Bandage Infect
Bush Swell
Carbohydrate
Charity
Chicken pox
Complaint
Diary
Diet
Discussion
Disadvantage
Dispensary
Throat
Tablets
Flu
Junk food
Honey
Hook
Pill
Prescription
Salt
Sunstroke
Wool

119
Unit 12

120
 Unit 12 Lesson 1

Vocabulary
In pairs: Write down two
Parts of the body that can swell. ___________ ___________
Character adjectives. ___________ ___________
Shapes. ___________ ___________
Road signs. ___________ ___________
Medicines. ___________ ___________
Listening
Listen to your teacher while reading the conversation and decide which
person is speaking. Then put them in order.
(_______) Did you lift anything heavy?
(_______) Thank you doctor.
(_______) I have a terrible backache.
(_______) What is the problem?
(_______) I see. Let me take a look at your back.
(_______) Take a hot bath and have these painkillers twice a day.
You should stay in bed for the next two days.
(_______) No, but I moved our living room sofa.
Speaking
A bad memory from school
In pairs:
Think of something bad that happened to you or to someone else at
school. Your story must be about something specific that happened
on a particular day at school with particular people. Fill in the chart
below to help you remember the story.
My story
Time:
Place:
People:
Thing that happened:

121
 Unit 12 Lesson 1

2. Student 1: tells his / her story.

Student 2: Draws the story.
Exchange roles
My drawing for my partner's story
Time:
Place:
People:
Thing that happened:

3. After you both tell your stories, use your drawings to help retell your
partner's story to him / her. If you forget any important part, your
partner will help you. You can add it to your drawings if you want.

122
 Unit 12 Lesson 2

Listening
Listen to your teacher while reading the following paragraphs and
match the paragraphs to the correct pictures.
I think people might live longer than that in the future
because medicine has improved and continues to improve.

Athletes are getting stronger because they

know how to train better and because they eat
healthier food. I think athletes might continue
to break speed records forever.

Heart disease might not kill as many people in the

future because people taking more exercise and giving
up smoking. In fact, many diseases may disappear
completely if this trend continues.

Clean drinking water for everyone! That

would be fantastic. But I don't think it will be
ever provided. It might happen, but it might
not because we are not doing enough to
protect our environment now.
Speaking

In pairs: Play a role of a doctor and a patient, and make questions and
answers about health problems.

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 Unit 12 Lesson 2

Reading
A. Read the following paragraph.

How can you keep your teeth healthy?

If you want to have your teeth strong and healthy, you
should observe the following instructions.

What you can do every day

1 – You should brush your teeth 5 – Finally, see your
at least twice a day for two dentist regularly and
minutes with a good toothbrush do not wait until you
and toothpaste. You should have a toothache.
brush them after every meal. If
you don't brush your teeth
regularly, you may get small
holes in your teeth called
cavities, which are often very
painful.
2 – Brushing alone is not
enough. After brushing, use
dental floss to remove the food
between your teeth and your
gums. Your gums hold your
teeth and it is important for
them to be healthier, too.
3 - Eat a balanced diet and don't
eat too many sweets.
4 - Protect your teeth from accidents. Wear a seatbelt when you are in a
car. If you play dangerous sports, use a mouth guard.

B. Answer the following questions.

1. How many times should we brush our teeth a day?
2. When someone's teeth get cavities what should he / she do?
3. Is brushing alone enough?
4. How often do you brush your teeth?
5. What makes our teeth painful and rotten?

124
 Unit 12 Lesson 3

Vocabulary
Match the directions with the pictures.

A B C

1. Turn left
2. Go straight ahead
3. Turn right at the traffic light.
Listening
Listen to your classmates talking about coming to their school and
changing their directions in different roads. As they are talking write
the names of the ways they are going on.
Speaking
A. In groups: One of your friends wants to visit you at your house. In
turns give him / her directions on how to get to your house.
e.g. Student A: Get on Kar Te Se bus. Get off the bus at the Shora bus
station. Go straight on Shora road. Turn right into Faiz Mohammd
Kateb University Street. Then turn left my house is on the corner of
Faiz Mohammad Kateb University Street and Park Street.
B. In your notebooks write down the direction from your school to
your house.
Speaking
A. In pair: What does this poem means? Discuss with your partner.
Red light
Red light red light What do you say?
I say stop and stop right away.
Yellow light yellow light What do you say?
I say start And start right away.
Green light green light What do you say?
I say go and go right away.
Thank you thank you Red, yellow and green
Now I know what traffic light mean.
B. Is it important to obey the traffic lights? Why?

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 Unit 12 Lesson 4

Writing

Verb Direct object Indirect object

write news class
give salt sister
tell map baby
lend bottle friend
show letter brother
Pass money everyone
A. Make six sentences in the past tense using the words in the table.
1. _____________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________
6. _____________________________________________________

Conversation
Omar is taking an appointment for a dental checkup. Look at the
appointment card to help you complete the conversation.
Doctor's name: Tariq Nasir Date: Wednesday 28th December
Patient's name: Omar Arezoo Time: 5:00 p.m.
Nurse: Dr. Tariq's clinic. May I help you?
Patient: ______________________________________________
Nurse: Are you a new patient?
Patient: ______________________________________________
Nurse: Your name please?
Patient: ______________________________________________
Nurse: _____________________________________________
Patient: Afternoon is the best for me.
Nurse: _____________________________________________
Patient: That'll be fine.
Nurse: Good, we'll be expecting you then.
Patient: ______________________________________________

126
 Vocabulary
Unit 12
Nouns Verbs Adjectives
Accident Disappear Alone
Athlete Lift Permanent
Cavity Lose Rotten
Dentist Obey Smooth
Dental floss Record Specific
Environment Train Strong
Hole
Meal
Mouth guard
Pain
Record
Seatbelt
Smoking
Sofa
Teenager
Toothbrush
Toothpaste
Train
Wisdom

127
 Unit 13

In this unit you are going to:

x describe cities and places.
x make comparisons.
x read about famous cities.
x listen to a comparison of two cities.
x write a paragraph about a city.

128
 Unit 13 Lesson 1

Discussion
- Do you live in a village, a town or a city?
- What is it like?
- Is it noisy, quiet, modern or old?

Conversation
A. Read and practice.
Practice the following conversation with your partner

Nadia: Welcome back, Aziza. What's Bamyan

like?
Aziza: It's a really beautiful city, it is very
different from Kabul. It is smaller and
quieter.
Nadia: Isn't it cooler as well?
Aziza: Yes, that's because it's in the mountains.
Nadia: What's there to do and see?
Aziza: A lot. There's Amir Dam (Band Amir)
and the big idol.
Nadia: And what about sight seeing?
Aziza: If you want to see the most beautiful and
interesting sight you can go to Amir Dam.
Nadia: How about the shopping?
Aziza: There aren't modern shops or stores. But you can find many
handicrafts which are made of silver and also you can find
traditional clothes of the Bamyan people.
Aziza: That is great! I wish I could go there.
B. Why do most people think their country is the best in the world?
C. Where do you live? What is it like?

129
 Unit 13 Lesson 1

Grammar
Comparative form of short Comparative
Adjective
adjectives form
- Bamyan is colder than Kandahar.
cold colder than
- The desert is hotter than the mountain.
hot hotter than
- Ghazni is wider than Yakoulang.
wide wider than
- The weather in the village is healthier
healthy healthier than
than the city.

Comparative forms with irregular

adjectives
In Bamyan, sightseeing is better than
shopping. good better than
Winters in Ghazni are worse than winters bad worse than
in Kabul. far farther than
Herat is farther than Jalalabad.

A. Complete the conversation with correct comparative forms of

adjectives given in the box. Use "than" where necessary.

Small – quiet – cheap – far – easy

Nafisa: Are you going to Bamyan again this summer?

Aziza: No, we are going to Yakoulang.
Nafisa: What is Yakoulang like?
Aziza: It's ________ Bamyan. It is also ________.
Nafisa: Aren't the Hotels ________?
Aziza: No, they aren’t. But they are ________ to find.
The tickets are more expensive because Yakoulang is
________ from Bamyan.
B. In pairs: Use the adjectives your teacher writes on the board to
compare different items.

130
 Unit 13 Lesson 3

Vocabulary
- Which adjective doesn't go with the noun?

1. city hot crowded happy quiet

2. mountain high noisy green Big

3. person wide young beautiful well – behaved

4. building small clean naughty modern

Reading
A. What cities are famous in your country? Why?
B. Read about some famous cities.

Mazari Sharif
Mazari Sharif is the fourth largest city of
Afghanistan, with population of 300,600 people
(2006 estimated). It is the capital of Balkh province
and is linked by roads to Kabul in the south-east,
Herat to the west and Uzbekistan to the north.

Mazari Sharif means "Noble Shrine," It is the

large, blue-tiled shrine and mosque in the center of
the city known as the Shrine of Hazrat Ali or the
Blue Mosque. Some Muslims believe that the site of
the tomb is attributed to Hazrat Ali Ibn e Abi Talib,
the cousin and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad
(PBUH), by some reasons.

Tourists are not only coming from all parts of the

country to this city, but from different countries of
the world as well. The city is also very famous for its
archeological sites, which represent the high level
civilization of the people of Afghanistan.

131
 Unit 13 Lesson 3

Makkah Mukarramah
Makkah Muhkarramah, the most beautiful and
prosperous city of Saudi Arbia, is the holiest
cosmopolitan city for the Muslims around the world.
It is the sign of the unity of Islamic Ummah.
In the city, there is Bytullah (the House of Allah)
the most sacred place, where the Muslims walk
around it for seven turns to make their Tawwaf.
Tawwaf is performed for making Hajj Umrah and
also for earning sawab "spiritual reward". It had been
built by prophet Ibrahim and his son Prophet Ismaiel
(Alihim Salam).
The city of Makkah Mukarramah and Masjidul
Haram have been expanded several times, during the
islamic history by Muslim rulers. Nowadays it is the
most modern city of the world, with a population of
1,7 million (2008). The city is located 73 km inland
from Jeddah, in a narrow valley, about 277 m above
sea level.
C. Complete the chart with information about each city.
How many What can
Where is the
people live What is it like? visitors do
city?
there? there?

Listening
A. Listen to your classmates describing their cities and complete the table.
What can
How are the
Where is it? What is it like? visitors do
people?
there?

B. Which place would you like to go? Why?

132
 Unit 13 Lesson 3

Conversation
A. Read and practice.
Practice the following conversation with your partner.
Yunos: Dad, which airport is bigger, Kabul or
Mazar e Sharif?
Father: Kabul Airport is bigger. It's also more
modern. It was built in 1960s.
Yunos: But is it as busy as Mazar e Sharif
Airport?
Father: Well, I think Kabul Airport is busier
especially during the Hajj. It is also an
International Airport.
Yunos: Ok dad, one more question. How are the
airlines?
Father: But why are you asking all these
questions?
Yunos: They are for my homework.
Father: Next time look for the answers in your
books.
B. Do you think having an airport is important for a city? Why?
Grammar
Comparative forms of longer adjectives
Kabul Airport is more modern than
Jalalabad Airport. modern more modern
Our new house is more beautiful than beautiful more beautiful
the old one.
Our new English book is more interesting more interesting
interesting than the old one.
An airport is less interesting than a
museum. interesting less interesting
She cooks more delicious food than me. delicious more delicious
Our old English book is less interesting interesting less interesting
than the new one.
Comparison of equality + adjective + as ……….
My new apartment is as big as the old one.
Jalalabad airport is not as busy as Kabul International Airport.
Our old English book is not as good as the new one.
Tahir is as tall as Nawab.
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 Unit 13 Lesson 3

A. Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the given adjectives.
Circuses and funfairs are two places where families go
for fun. Circuses are as __________ ___________
(interesting) funfairs. Some parents prefer circuses
because they are __________ ___________ (safe)
funfairs. Circuses are __________ (small) and kids
stay in one place. Clowns also make circuses fun.
Each time they try to be ____________ (funny).
Parents don't like to go to funfairs because they are
_________ ___________ (expensive). Their kids have
to pay for each ride.

Writing

A. Choose a city you wish to visit. Fill in your graphic organizer with
information about it.

location

area City weather

famous
f

B. Use comparative forms to write a paragraph about the city you

choose and the city you live in.

134
 Unit 13 Lesson 4

Phonics
A. Long a as in cake / eight.

Long a is also written as:

a+e tale, cake, made, case, flake
ai nail, tail, rain, pain, straight, strait
ay bay, day, say, pray, may
eig eight, feign, reign, weigh

B. Listen to your teacher and repeat the words.

C. Read the following paragraph. Underline all the words with long (a)
sound.
Last week, all eight members of my family agreed to go to Herat. I
asked my father to go by plane; but he explained that traveling by car would
be more enjoyable as it would probably rain on the way. Unfortunately, on
Thursday, my mother woke up with a bad headache. She was in a lot of pain
and had to stay in bed. All weekend, I was taking care of my mother and my
two younger sisters.

135
 Unit 13 Lesson 4

Grammar Summary

Comparatives with short adjectives

Ahmad younger his brother.
is than
noisier
Kandahar Gardez.
hotter
Comparatives with long adjectives

more useful
Reading is than watching TV.
less interesting

Comparatives with irregular adjectives

better
My new house is worse than my old one
farther

Comparisons of equality as …………….as

________
dangerous
A circus is as as a funfair.
not expensive

A. Match the two parts of the rules for making comparatives. Give an
example for each rule.
1. For longer adjective a) change – y into ier + than.
2. For adjectives ending in – y b) add – er + than.
3. For short adjectives. c) change completely.
4. For irregular adjectives d) use more or less + adjectives + than.
Speaking
In pairs: Discuss about the city you live in.
- How is it like?
- How are the people?
- Is it modern or not?
136
 Unit 13 Lesson 4

Speaking
Read the passage then answer the questions below.

Most people like to spend their holidays abroad.

They travel to countries in Europe, the Far East and
Saudi Arabia for Hajj and Umrah (pilgrimages),
…. etc. Traveling abroad is interesting and it
increases your general knowledge. Yet, going
around one's own country is improtant. There are
many advantages in traveling in your country. It is
usually less expensive as you don't have to pay
airfare. Not only is the food better and tastier but
the people are also friendlier. Reading street signs
and understanding directions given by people on
the street is also as easier as everything in your
native language. You also get to know your
homeland better and this is a must. So the next
time holidays come around, remember that the best
vacation you may have in the country or in the
cities like Makkah and Madinah
1. Which sentence best describes the main idea?
a. It is more important to see other countries.
b. People should go sightseeing in their own countries.
2. Write the adjectives for the comparatives.
Tastier = ____________ better = __________ friendlier = __________
3. Match the words to their meanings.
a. abroad - your own country
b. discover - good things
c. homeland - a foreign country
d. advantages - one's own language
e. native language - find out
4. Give two advantages for traveling in your country.
5. Which do you prefer: traveling abroad or going sightseeing in your
own country? Why?

137
 Vocabulary
Unit 13
Nouns Verbs Adjectives
Archeological Attribute General
Attraction Believe Major
Century Discover Narrow
Clown Estimate
Cosmopolitan Explain
Dam Increase
Discovery Lead
Expansion Link
Fare Proclaim
Handicraft Remain
Homeland Adverb
Infrastructure Abroad
Knowledge Comparative Adjectives
Pilgrimage Better
Population Bigger
Reference Busier
Religion Colder
Sanctuary Cooler
Scenery Easier
Sightseeing Farther
Silver Friendlier
Son in law Healthier
Tomb Hotter
Noisier
Quieter
Smaller
Stronger
Tastier
Wider
Worse
Younger

138
Unit 14

In this unit you are going to:

x talk about world records.
x describe things and make comparisons.
x talk about distance and measurement.
x listen for information about world records.
x read about the biggest mall in the world.
x write a descriptive paragraph about a mosque.

139
 Unit 14 Lesson 1

Discussion

most expensive painting largest animal tallest man fastest animal

- Where can you find the world records?
- Do you know about any other world records?
Conversation
A. Read and practice.
Practice the following conversation with your partner.
Laila: Did you know that the blue whale is the biggest animal in the
world?
Mursal: Really? Is it bigger than the African elephant?
Laila: Of course! Can you tell me which is the fastest animal?
Mursal: Is it the deer?
Laila: No, it's the cheetah. How tall is the tallest man in the world?
Can you guess?
Mursal: I don't know. You tell me.
Laila: He is 235 cm tall; and do you know that the most expensive
painting was sold for 104 million dollars!
Mursal: Wow! Where did you get all the information from?
Laila: I'm reading a book of world records.
B. - What kind of books do you read?
- Why is reading good for you?

140
 Unit 14 Lesson 1

Grammar

Superlatives of adjectives
Adjectives Comparative Superlative
tall taller than the tallest
The tallest man in noisy noisier than the noisiest
the world is 235 cm. more expensive than the most expensive
The most expensive expensive less expensive than the least expensive
painting was 104
more dangerous
million dollars.
than the most dangerous
The most dangerous
less dangerous the least dangerous
dangerous fish is the
piranha. than
Her project was the good better than the best
best one in the class. bad worse than the worst
far farther than the farthest
A. Complete these sentences. Use the comparative or superlative forms
of adjectives in the box.
small-crowded -funny - difficult - high – famous – interesting – brave
1. Kabul has ___________________________________ restaurants in
the city. It's always easy to find empty tables.
2. ___________________________________ language in the world is
Russian. It takes along time to be learned.
3. The humming bird is ___________________________________ bird
in the world. It weighs less than two grams.
4. Few people know Bertrand Russel. He is _______________________
of the English writers.
5. This is ___________________________________ story I've ever
read. I didn't even finish it.
6. This is __________________________________ joke I've ever read.
7. Mount Everest is __________________________________mountain
in the world.
B. Make as many sentences as you can to describe the people/ things
below using the superlative forms of adjectives.
- snake - elephant - gold
- Fahim - Sadiq - Shogofa
C. In pairs: Compare your sentences. Then share your ideas.

141
 Unit 14 Lesson 2

Vocabulary
A. Look at the pictures and fill in the table with names of the places
that match the adjectives.

300 m 63 m 452 m
1889 1784 1996
Eiffel Tower Jam Minaret PETRONAS Tower
Paris, France Ghoar, Afghanistan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
oldest
most famous
newest
highest/ tallest
largest/ biggest
B. Which place would you like to visit? Why?
Listening
A. What is the correct answer? Can you guess?
Listen to your teacher while reading the sentences and find the correct
answer.
1. Which one is the largest continent in the world?
a. Africa. b. Asia. c. America.
2. Which one is the biggest animal?
a. tiger. b. elephant. c. lion.
3. Which one is the biggest province in Afghanistan?
a. Herat. b. Helmand. c. Kabul.
4. Which one is the largest river in the world?
a. The Amazon. b. The Mississippi. c. The Nile.
5. Which one is the oldest province in Afghanistan?
a. Bamyan. b. Ghazni. c. Herat.

142
 Unit 14 Lesson 2

Reading
A. Which one is the largest mall in your country?
B. Read the title and the first two lines. What is the passage about?
West Edmonton Mall
Why is West Edmonton Mall considered the
eighth wonder of the world? How is it different
from other shopping malls? Where is this amazing
place? Why is it titled in the book of records?
West Edmonton Mall is located in Edmonton
Alberta Canada. It is the world's largest shopping
and entertainment center. The mall covers an area
of 48 city blocks and was built with a cost of 1.2
billion Canadian Dollars.
Unlike other shopping centers, it has the largest
indoor amusement park and a sky ceiling that
changes from dawn to dusk. It has 800 stores and
services; more than 110 eateries; a world class
hotel and special attractions for tourists. There are
58 entrances and an unusual large parking area for 20,000 vehicles.
Besides, there is a 100,000 – square – foot recreation room. Fountains,
light fixtures, aquariums and water parks give this mall an exclusive look.
West Edmonton Mall was such a huge complex that it was built in four
phases beginning in 1981. Each phase highlighted special features. It is
not surprising that West Edmonton Mall holds world records for having
the largest shops, parking lot, indoor wave pool, indoor amusement park
and indoor lake.
C. Answer the questions:
1- How long did it take to build Edmonton mall? Why?
2- What do you think is the most amazing thing about the Mall?
D. The words under A and their synonyms under B are all in the
passage. Find them then match A to B.
A B
mall wonderful
amazing amusement
entertainment shopping center

143
 Unit 14 Lesson 3

Conversation
A. Read and practice.
Practice the following conversation with your partner
Travel Agent: Which province would you like to visit
this summer?
Hashim: Badakhshan
Travel Agent: Let's look at this brochure. It shows that
it's a green province with high
mountains. It also has a long River.
Hashim: I have heard of the high mountains.
Travel Agent: Hindu Kush Mountain is the highest and
the most famous mountain in
Badakhshan.
Hashim: How high is it?
Travel Agent: It's about 7485 meters high. Badakhshan is also famous for its
azure.
Hashim: How long is it?
Travel Agent It's about 600 km long.
Hashim: Good! This means I can go mountain climbing.
B. Which provinces would you like to visit? Why?
Grammar
Questions with how + adjectives
- How high is the Hindu Kush
Mountain? - It is 7485 meters high.
- How big is Afghanistan? - It is 647,500 km2.
- How tall is Taher? - He is 150 cm tall.
- How hot is Khost in summer? - It goes up as high as 50 degrees
- How wide is your class? Celsius (centigrade).
- How far is your province - It is 4 m wide.
from Kabul? - It is not far from Kabul, it is about
- How long is this room? 220 km.
- How fast is a deer? - It is 4 m long.
- How far is Makkah from - It is as fast as a cheetah.
Madinah? - It is 300 km long

144
 Unit 14 Lesson 3

A. Write questions to these answers.

1. A: _______________________________
B: Hindu Kush is 7485 meters high.
2. A: _______________________________
B: Morocco is 444,500 square km.
3. A: _______________________________
B: The Red Sea is 2,253 km long.
4. A: _______________________________
B: In Takhar the temperature goes down to -0 degree Celsius in
winter.
B. In groups: Choose a place in your country. Write down the distances,
measurements and temperature. Members of your group can ask
each other about the places using How + adjective. Other members
answer.

Writing
Look at the table. Compare the three mosques. Then choose one and
write a paragraph about it on your notebook. Do not forget to use the
superlative form of the adjectives.
Shah Faisal Amr Ibn – El-As
Blue Mosque
Mosque Mosque
City Istanbul Islamabad Cairo
Area 4,608 m2 189,705 m2 13,556 m2
Capacity 10,000 100,000 30,000
Minarets 6 4 3
Built in 1616 AD 1976 AD 642 AD
Built by Sultan Ahmad Zedat Daloky Amr Ibn El-As

145
 Unit 14 Lesson 4

Phonics
Long e as in sea / see
A.

Long e is written as:

ee – see, meet, feet, feed, teeth
ea – sea, meat, ear, read, speak
y – ready, baby, carry, country

B. Listen to your teacher and repeat the words.

C. Read the paragraph, and then underline the words with long "e"
sound.
My friend Karim is from Ghazni. He
lives in Balahisar, Ghazni. We first met in
1380 in Rabia Balkhi high school. We were
thirteen years old. We spent five years
together. Before I came back to my province,
we promised each other to keep in touch. I
send him an e – mail every week, and we
speak on the phone every month. We also meet every summer holiday.

146
 Unit 14 Lesson 4

Grammar Summary
Superlatives with short adjectives
The cheetah fastest on land.
The blue whale is the biggest animal in the world.
The monkey funniest in the zoo.
Superlatives with long adjectives
most crowded
This is the beautiful city in the world.
least interesting
Superlatives with irregular adjectives
best restaurant in town.
This is the worst mark in class.
farthest hospital from my house.
Questions with how + adjectives
far the moon from the earth? It is 384,403 km far.
It is 7485 meters
high the Hindu Kush mountain?
high.
How long is the Amu River? It is 2500 km long.
wide the Red sea? It is 354 km wide?
It goes down to 10 0 C.
cold / hot Nemrooz in winter/summer?
It goes up to 50 0 C
Match column A with B. Then write sentences using the superlative
form of the adjectives.
(busy) street on TV.
(famous) building in class.
(dangerous) room in the house.
(interesting) show in the city.
(expensive) hotel in Paris.
(tall) person in Kabul.
1. Wazir Akbar Khan is the busiest place in Kabul.
2. _____________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________

147
 Unit 14 Lesson 4

Listening

Listen to your teacher describing a province and complete the table.

How far is What is the How is the What do

Name
it? population? weather? they grow?

Speaking

In pairs: Ask and answer questions about the products and growth of
your provinces.

148
 Vocabulary
Unit 14
Nouns Verbs Superlative adjectives
Amazing Cover The best
Amusement Wave The biggest
Aquarium The farthest noisiest
Block The fastest
Brochure The funniest
Deer The highest
Distance The largest
Dusk The newest
Elephant The oldest
Entrance The tallest
Fixture The worst
Fountain
Mall Adjectives
Measurement Amazing
Phase Brave
Recreation Complex
Temperature Exclusive
Vehicle Indoor
Azure Unlike
Unusual

149
Unit 15

In this unit you are going to:

x talk about rules and give tips.

x talk about how people do things.
x read about test taking tips.
x listen to people given tips to solve problems.
x write a paragraph about school and classroom rules.

150
 Unit 15 Lesson 1

Discussion
No
CHEATING

No No No
TALKING PARKING SWIMMING

PLEASE KEEP No
OFF THE FOOD OR DRINKS Fasten
GRASS ALLOWED SEAT BELT

- Where do you usually see these signs?

- Do you understand them?
- Do you always follow rules?
- How often do you listen to advice?
Conversation
A. Read and practice the dialogue.
Practice the following conversation with your partner.
Razia: You look so worried today, Nazia. What is
the matter?
Nazia: I'm afraid I'm not doing as well as I should in
school.
Razia: I'm sure you can be a better student.
Nazia: How?
Razia: Well, first you have to come to class early
and listen carefully to what the teacher says.
Nazia: Uhuh.
Razia: You must also work harder. Study everyday;
do your homework regularly and never copy it from a friend.
Remember school rules: no copying and no cheating.
Nazia: Anything else?
Razia: Yes, you mustn't stay up late. You should also have a good
breakfast before going to school.
B. What other advice would you give Nazia?
C. What would you do if you see a friend cheating?

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 Unit 15 Lesson 1

Grammar
Making Rules: No + verb (ing)
Don't swim.
You can't swim. No swimming

You mustn't swim.

Modals: Rules / strong advice Modal

- You have to come to class early. have to
- You must listen carefully to the teacher. must
- You mustn't copy your homework. mustn't
- You can't park here. can't
- You should have breakfast.
should / had better
- You'd better have breakfast.
Giving Permission
- You can take your text tomorrow. can
A. Complete the study tips with modals from box 2 above.
1. You ________________ find a quiet place to study.
2. You ________________ have only the things you need.
3. You ________________ make a study plan.
4. You ________________ waste time. You ________________ start
studying immediately.
5. You ________________ keep a record of what you have actually done.
6. You ________________ test yourself after every four or five units.
7. When taking the test, you ________________ set a time limit. You
________________ go over the time limit.
B. In groups:
1. Choose a place from the box. Write the rules for that place.

airplane English class street

hospital school home

2. Discuss the rules with the other groups.

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 Unit 15 Lesson 2

Reading
A. – Do you enjoy taking tests?
– Do tests scare you?

Test – Taking tips

Do you get a little scared when your teacher says you have a test?
Tests do scare many people but there are ways to prepare for the
tests so that you can be more relaxed.
Reviewing for a test:
- You should sit in a quiet place to study.
- You should have everything that you need with
you.
- You must also know exactly what lessons will
be on the test so you can study what you need to
know.
- As you study, make up questions you think
might be on the test.
- Practice saying the answers to yourself. If you
can not say them, it is likely you don't know
them. ]

Taking the test:

Now that you know how to prepare, here are some
tips for actually taking the test:
- Read over the test quickly first. This will help
you calm down.
- You must find out how much time you have.
This will help you know how much time to
spend on each question.
- Read directions carefully to avoid careless
mistakes.
- Answer the easy questions first then do the hard
ones.
- Remember that you have to read the test over
before turning it in. This is time to find any
mistakes
These steps may help you overcome your fears and pass the test easily.

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 Unit 15 Lesson 2

B. Understanding words: What does each underlined word mean?

Read each word in context. Then circle the right answer.
1. In paragraph 1: the underlined word means
a. get ready for b. read before c. leave out
2. In paragraph 3: The underlined words mean
a. get angry b. be happy c. stay relaxed
C. Putting in order: Certain steps have been suggested for taking
a test. Number them in the right order.
- Do the easy questions first before doing the difficult ones.
- Quickly read the test.
- Read your answers for mistakes you may have made.
- Calculate the time you need for each question.

D. Do you follow any of the test – taking tips in the passage?

Listening
1. Listen to student A and B answering the questions about their
school. Put a tick by the ones they say "Yes" to.

Student A Student B You

Do you always work very hard?

Do you always listen carefully to

your teacher?

Do you always behave yourself?

Do you always do your homework
carefully?
2. In pairs: Ask and answer the questions in the table. Think of other
9) next to the questions
suitable questions that you can use. Put a (9
you answer with yes.

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 Unit 15 Lesson 3

Conversation
A. Read and practice.
Practice the following conversation with your partner.
Mother: Hello, Miss Nasrin? I'm Parween's
mother. How's she doing at school?
Teacher: She's doing well, especially in math.
She can add and subtract numbers
quickly.
She passed the exam easily. Overall, she's a good student.
Mother: But I don't like her handwriting.
Teacher: Yes, that's because she writes quickly.
She should write slowly and carefully.
Mother: And what about her behavior? Is she polite?
Teacher: Yes, she talks to people very politely.
Mother: I'm glad to hear this. Thanks for your time.
B. What would you like your teachers to say about you?
Grammar

Adjectives Adverbs
Adjectives/ Adverbs say how you
say what something is like
do it
The exercise is easy. easy easily
You can do it easily.
She is a careful writer. careful carefully
She writes carefully. careless carelessly
They are good students. good well
They study well.
Haider is always late.
late late
He always comes late.

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 Unit 15 Lesson 3

A. A teacher is talking to his / her students. Read the paragraph, choose

the correct word.
This is a timed exercise. So you had better work (fast – faster) than the
last time. It's an (easy – easily) test but you have to read the questions
(careful – carefully). By the way, I'm very (happy – happily) with the
way you read. Your English is (good – well), but most of you need to
read (slow – slowly) and write (quick – quickly).
B. In groups: Tell your group members why you are a good or bad:
students / son/ daughter/ friend. Give five reasons.
e.g. I'm a good/ bad student. I do my homework carefully/ carelessly.
Writing
A. What are your school/ classroom rules? Write them in the table
below.

My School Rules
Should/must Shouldn't/ Mustn't
coming to school
leaving school
uniform
chewing gum
running
My classroom Rules
coming/ leaving
answering questions
sitting/ standing
speaking
homework
B. How often do you follow the rules above? Use adverbs of frequency
next to each rule.
C. Write a paragraph about what you should or shouldn't do to become
a better student.
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 Unit 15 Lesson 4

Phonics
Long "i" as in spy/ rice
A. Listen and repeat.

Long "i" sound is written as:

y – spy, cry, fly, why, try, shy.
ie – tie, die, lie, pie.
igh – light, height, fight, sight, fright, high.
i + e – nice, mice, kite, spice, thrice, five.

B. Listen to your teacher and circle the letter that stands for the
long "I" sound in each word you hear. (use pencil)

C. Read the sentences then underline the words with the long "i"
sound.
a. Pilots fly the airplanes.
b. When you fell dizzy, try to lie down for a while.
c. The sun shines bright in the high sky.
d. In class, we played "I spy with my little eye".
e. Shamsia is a shy girl in the class.
f. You should choose the right answer.
g. Why did you come late?
h. We should buy cookies with pie.

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 Unit 15 Lesson 4

Grammar Summary
Modals
I/ you/ we/ they have to
He/ she has to
must/ mustn't be in school at 7 p.m.
should/ shouldn't write the letter now.
I/ He/ She/ We/ They can/ can't
had better
- The students are going on a school trip. Read the rules and complete
the sentences with suitable modals.
1. You ____________ be in school School trip
earlier than 8:00 a.m.
2. You ____________ have breakfast October, 8th 8:00 – 12:00
at home before coming.
3. You ____________ eat on the bus. ™ Pay 20 Afghanis at the vice principal's
4. You ____________ only eat in the office.
funfair cafeteria at 9:00 a.m. ™ Wear your school uniform and be on time.

5. You ____________ pay 20 Afghanis ™ Don't eat or drink on the bus (snack time:
for the trip. 9:30 at the zoo cafeteria).
6. You ____________ find your group ™ Follow your group leader.
leader and stay with her/ him. ™ Get your tokens for the attractions from
7. You ____________ get tokens from your guide

your group leader.

Listening
Listen to your classmates giving tips to solve the following problems.
Complete the table with solution.
Problems Solution
Gaining weight
Poor reading
Bad hand writing
Doing homework

Speaking
In groups: Discuss whether the rules about countries around the world
are true or false. Why?
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 Vocabulary
Unit 15
Nouns Verbs Adjectives
Handwriting Add Afraid
Pie Allow Dizzy
Polite Avoid Overall
Spy Cheat Polite
Lie/ down Relaxed
Relax
Subtract Adverbs
Exactly
Likely
Quickly

159
Unit 16

160
 Unit 16 Lesson 1

Vocabulary
A. Write the opposites of the following adjectives.
big ____________ loud ____________ good ____________
clean ____________ careful ____________ high ____________
dry ____________ happy ____________ ugly ____________
late ____________ thin ____________ young ____________
more ____________ boring ____________ difficult ____________

B. Read the adjectives and circle the odd one. Explain why.

1 2 3 4 5 6
ill careful luxurious pretty shy Noisy
cheap polite comfortable ugly lazy dangerous
expensive friendly expensive interesting happy difficult
modern tall hard beautiful wide crowded

Speaking
In pairs: Act of a mother/ father of a student and visit your son's/
daughter's teacher.
Writing
Look at the picture below and describe it in a paragraph.

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 Unit 16 Lesson 2

Speaking
Get to know your partner better. Ask your partner to tell about him/ her.
Listening
Listen to your classmates describing his/ her friend the rules of his/ her
club. Write the rules he/ she mentions.
.………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………

Grammar
Unscramble the questions, and then answer them.
1. than/ Kabul/ larger/ is Helmand/?
______________________________________________________?
_______________________________________________________
2. you/ taller/ mother/ your/ than/ are/?
______________________________________________________?
_______________________________________________________
3. planes/ than/ faster/ cars/ are/?
______________________________________________________?
_______________________________________________________
4. new shoes/ your/ are/ comfortable/ the old ones/ less/ than/?
______________________________________________________?
_______________________________________________________
5. is/ this book/ interesting/ than/ more/ the other one/?
______________________________________________________?
_______________________________________________________
6. English/ difficult/ more/ is/ Pashto/ than/?
______________________________________________________?
_______________________________________________________

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 Unit 16 Lesson 3& 4

Reading
A. – Do you help your mother at home?
– What are your house chores?

No more Housework!
It was 4:30 p.m. in the evening when Rena Taher came home
from work. She walked into the living room and looked at her three
children. The children are 14, 12 and 9 years old. They were watching
TV.
The living room was a mess. There were empty glasses and dirty
socks on the floor. There were cookies on the sofa. Games and toys were
everywhere. Rena was angry.
"This place is a mess!" she told her children. "I can't work all day and
then do housework all evening! I'm not going to do housework! "And so,
Rena didn't do housework. She didn’t clean. She didn't wash dishes. She
didn’t wash clothes. Every evening she sat on the sofa and watched TV.
After two weeks, every plate, fork, and glass in the house was dirty. All
the children's clothes were dirty, too. Every garbage can was full. The
house was a mess.
Then, one day Rena came home from work and got a big
surprise. The kitchen was clean. The children had cleaned the kitchen!
The next day, the living room was cleaned, and the children were
washing their clothes.
Rena told her children. "Ok, I'll do housework again. But you
have to help me." Now Rena and her three children do the housework
together. Then they all sit on the sofa and watch TV.

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 Unit 16 Lesson 3& 4

B. Answer the question.

Why do you think Rena stopped doing housework?
____________________________________________________________
C. Re – read the story and underline the most important things in it.
Speaking
You are going to Herat next week; you want to book a room in a hotel.
Go to the travel agent and ask him for the type of hotel room you need.

Silly Sentences
- Re – arrange the words below to make a silly sentence.

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 Unit 16 Lesson 3& 4

Use the box below to make up a silly sentence for a friend.

Grammar
A. Write instructions in the affirmative and negative forms. Use the
given words.

Affirmative Negative
1. drive/ careful/ careless
2. be/ happy/ sad
3. behave/ good/ bad
4. speak/ polite/ rude

5. come/ early/ late

6. eat/ slow/ fast
B. Complete the rules for good driving. Use modals.
1. You ___________________ have your driving license.
2. You ___________________ drive fast.
3. You ___________________ follow road signs.
4. You ___________________ use a mobile phone.
C. Make rules from these sentences. Use No + verb (ing)
1. You must not talk in the library.
_____________________________________________
2. You should not eat in the shop.
_____________________________________________
3. You should not walk on the grass.
_____________________________________________

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 Unit 16 Lesson 3& 4

4. You should not run on the street.

_____________________________________________
5. You must not taste the snakes.
_____________________________________________

Speaking

Role – play: You are looking for a new place to live in. Say its
qualifications.

166
 Vocabulary
Unit 16
Nouns Verb Adjectives
Can Mess Boring
Fork Lazy
Garbage Luxurious
Housework Ugly

167