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    Stop and Wait and Go Back

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    akashanuragi421
    The document discusses flow control and error control in data link layer. It describes how protocols like stop-and-wait ARQ, go-back-N ARQ, and selective repeat ARQ can combine flow control and error control to deliver data between nodes by retransmitting frames as needed.

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    Stop and Wait and Go Back

    Uploaded by

    akashanuragi421
    4 views12 pages
    The document discusses flow control and error control in data link layer. It describes how protocols like stop-and-wait ARQ, go-back-N ARQ, and selective repeat ARQ can combine flow control and error control to deliver data between nodes by retransmitting frames as needed.

    Original Title

    stop-and-wait-and-go-back

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    The document discusses flow control and error control in data link layer. It describes how protocols like stop-and-wait ARQ, go-back-N ARQ, and selective repeat ARQ can combine flow control and error control to deliver data between nodes by retransmitting frames as needed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4 views12 pages

    Stop and Wait and Go Back

    Uploaded by

    akashanuragi421
    The document discusses flow control and error control in data link layer. It describes how protocols like stop-and-wait ARQ, go-back-N ARQ, and selective repeat ARQ can combine flow control and error control to deliver data between nodes by retransmitting frames as needed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 12

    Flow and Error Control

    The most important responsibilities of the


    data link layer are flow control and error
    control. these functions are known as :

    data link control.


    Data link control.
    ➢Data must be checked and processed before
    they can be used.
    ➢The rate of such processing is often slower
    than the rate of transmission.
    ➢For this reason , each receiver has a buffer to
    store incoming data until they are processed.
    ➢If buffer begin to fill up, the sender must slow
    or halt transmission.
    Note

    Flow control refers to a set of procedures used to


    restrict the amount of data that the sender can
    send before waiting for acknowledgment.
    Data link control.

    Error control : is both error detection and


    correction. Error correction in data link layer is
    implemented simply: anytime an error is
    detected in exchange, specified frames are
    retransmitted. This process is called Automatic
    Repeat Request
    Note

    Error control in the data link layer is based on


    automatic repeat request, which is the
    retransmission of data.

    10.
    PROTOCOLS

    Now let us see how the data link layer can


    combine flow control , and error control to
    achieve the delivery of data from one node to
    another . The protocols are normally implemented
    in software by using one of the common
    programming languages.
    Stop-and-Wait ARQ
    PROTOCOLS
    Go-Back-N ARQ

    Selective Repeat ARQ


    Stop-and-Wait ARQ
    ➢ It is the simplest flow and error control mechanism . A
    transmitter sends a frame then stops and waits for an
    acknowledgment.
    ➢ Stop-and-Wait ARQ has the following features:
    ✓The sending device keeps a copy of the sent frame
    transmitted until it receives an acknowledgment( ACK)
    ✓The sender starts a timer when it sends a frame. If an
    ACK is not received within an allocated time period, the
    sender resends it
    ✓Both frames and acknowledgment (ACK) are numbered
    alternately 0 and 1( two sequence number only)
    ✓This numbering allows for identification of frames in
    case of duplicate transmission
    Stop-and-Wait ARQ
    ➢ The acknowledgment number defines the number of
    next expected frame. (frame 0 received ACK 1 is sent)
    ➢ A damage or lost frame treated by the same manner by
    the receiver
    ➢ If the receiver detects an error in the received frame, or
    receives a frame out of order it simply discards the
    frame
    ➢ The receiver send only positive ACK for frames
    received safe; it is silent about the frames damage or
    lost.
    ➢ The sender has a control variable Sthat holds the
    number of most recently sent frame (0 or 1). The
    receiver has control variable R, that holds the number
    of the next frame expected (0,or 1)
    Stop-and-Wait ARQ

    Cases of Operations:

    1. Normal operation
    2. The frame is lost
    3. The Acknowledgment (ACK) is lost
    4. The Ack is delayed
    Stop-and-Wait ARQ
    Normal operation

    ➢ The sender will not


    send the next frame
    until it is sure that
    the current one is
    correctly receive
    ➢ sequence number is
    necessary to check
    for duplicated
    frames
    1. Stop and Wait ARQ

    2. Lost or damaged frame

    ➢ A damage or lost frame


    treated by the same
    manner by the receiver.

    ➢ No NACK when frame is


    corrupted / duplicate
    Stop-and-Wait ARQ
    3. Lost ACK frame

    ➢ Importance of frame
    numbering

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