Cel X

Zeal Education Society’s
ZEAL POLYTECHNIC, PUNE.

NARHE │PUNE -41 │ INDIA
SECOND YEAR (SY)

DIPLOMA IN ELECTRONICS AND
TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
SCHEME: I SEMESTER: IV
NAME OF SUBJECT: CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

SUBJECT CODE: 22425
MSBTE QUESTION PAPERS & MODEL ANSWERS

1. MSBTE SUMMER-19 EXAMINATION
2. MSBTE WINTER-19 EXAMINATION
21819
22425
3 Hours / 70 Marks Seat No.
Instructions : (1) All Questions are compulsory.

(2) Illustrate your answers with neat sketches wherever necessary.
(3) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
(4) Assume suitable data, if necessary.
Marks
1. Attempt any FIVE of the following : 10
(a) Draw block diagram of CD player.
(b) List the different components used in CD player.
(c) Compare woofer & midrange speaker (any two points).
(d) Describe the function of MUSE system for HDTV.
(e) State any four electrical specifications of microwave oven.
(f) Differentiate between mono and stereo amplifier w.r.t (i) no. of amplifier
(ii) applications.
(g) Explain the function of exposer in photocopier machine.
2. Attempt any THREE of the following : 12

(a) Describe the operating principle of condenser type of microphone with neat
diagram.
(b) Draw and explain the working of MP3 player.
(c) State Grassman’s law. Draw the sketch of additive mixing.
(d) State working principle and explain working of LCD TV with appropriate
diagram.
[1 of 4] P.T.O.
22425 [2 of 4]
(a) Explain working of Digital camcoder.
(b) State four Electrical specifications with values for washing machine.
(c) Draw the block diagram of PAL-D decoder and write function of each block.
(d) State any four CCIR-B standard for colour signal transmission and four
CCIRB standards for reception in TV.
(a) Explain VSB transmission. State its any four advantages.
(b) Draw and describe DTH System.
(c) Describe Troubleshooting procedure of colour TV receiver system.
(d) Explain any four basic characteristics of sound signal.
(e) State any four characteristics of Hi-Fi amplifier system.
5. Attempt any TWO of the following : 12
(a) Explain OLED TV with neat labelled diagram.
(b) Draw block diagram of washing machine and state types of washing machine.
(c) Describe why equalising pulses are needed. Draw the vertical synchronising
pulse structure.
22425 [3 of 4]
(a) Describe vertical and horizontal resolution in brief.
(b) (i) Name the block diagram shown in fig.1
(ii) Identify the block “A”, “B” & “C” in given block diagram.
(iii) State the functions block “A” and “B”.
(c) Describe the working of pick-up assembly of CD player with the help of neat
sketch.
_______________
P.T.O.
22425 [4 of 4]
MAHARASHTRASTATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified) 22425
MODEL ANSWER
SUMMER– 19 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: Consumer Electronics Subject Code:22425
Important Instructions to examiners:
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer
scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not
applicable for subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The
figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for anyequivalent
figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values
may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant answer
based on candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent
concept.
Marki
Q. Sub ng
Answer Schem
No. Q.N.
e
Q.1 Attempt any FIVE: 10M
a) Draw block diagram of CD player. 2M
Ans: Diagram: (for any other relevant diagram mark should given) 2M
OR
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
b) 2M
List the different components used in CD player.
Ans:  CD mechanism ½
 CD pick up assembly mark
s for
 Gear system
each
 Motors
 CD lens
 Display panel
 Front panel
 Servo systems.
c) 2M
Compare woofer & midrange speaker(any two points).
Ans: 1M
Each
Sr. No PARAMETER WOOFER MID-RANGE point
(SQUAWKER)
1. Definition A woofer is a A mid-range speaker

technical term for is a loudspeaker
loudspeaker driver driver that
designed to reproduces sound in
produce low the frequency range
frequency sounds from 250 to 2000Hz
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2. Range of Frequency 16Hz to 500Hz 500Hz to 5KHz

(This range can vary (This range can vary
as per manufacture as per manufacture
can be upto 800Hz) can be upto 1500Hz)
3. Size & Physical Structure Size is largest They are of medium

size, kept in between
tweeter & woofer.
4. Weight Heavier than Heavy than tweeter

tweeter & & light in weight
Squeaker than
woofer
d) Describe the function of MUSE system for HDTV. 2M

Ans:  Bandwidth can be reduced by MUSE (Multiple Sub –Nyquist Sampling Encoding) 1M
system for
 MUSE stands for Multiple Sub-Nyquist sampling encoding and is an HDTV bandwidth each
functi
compression schemedeveloped by NHK. on
 It uses the fundamental concepts of performance exchange in the spatio-temporal
( transitory transformation) domain along with motion compensation to reduce the
transmission bandwidthdown to near 10MHz.
 The processed HDTV signal can then be transmitted using a single DBS channel. In
MUSE the luminance andcolour information are sent by Time-multiplexed components
(TMC).
 In Muse the luminance and colour information are sent by time-
multiplexedcomponents. The colour information is sent sequentially with a time
compression offour.
OR
 MUSE stand for MUltiple Sub-Nyquist Sampling Encoding and NHK (Nippo Hoso
Kyokol) is Japanese company develop encoding system for HDTV.
 In this system the luminance and colour information are sent by Time Multiplxed
component
 Colour information is sent sequentially with time compression of four. So bandwidth is
reduced.
 Muse system has 1125 interlaced scanning line.
 It has 60 Hz frequency with 5/3 aspect ratio.
 The pre compression for Y signal is 20 MHz and chrominance signal is 7Mhz.
 MUSE digital Audio system is called DANCE (Digital Audio Near-Instantaneous
Compression and expansion).
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e) State any four electrical specifications of microwave oven. 2M

Ans:  Supply voltage: 220 volts,50 Hz. Single phase A.C. ½
 Power consumption: 1300 W approx.(power consumption vary as manufacturer mark
from500W to 1500W) s each
 Microwave power: 700 w-850 W
 Microwave frequency: 2450 Mhz (1000Mhz to 3000Mhz)
 Timer: 60 min. – 90 min(timer can also varied)
 Control: Soft/one touch control
f) Differentiate between mono and stereo amplifier w.r.t. (i)no. of amplifier (ii)applications. 2M
Ans: 1
Parameter Mono amplifier Sterio amplifier mark
Number of amplifier Single amplifier Two amplifier s each
Applications Used in public address Used in Hi-Fi amplifier
system system
g) Explain the function of exposer in photocopier machine. 2M
Ans:  A bright lamp illuminates the original document, and the whitws areas of the 1M
original document reflect the light onto the surface of the photoconductive each
drum.
 The areas of the drum that are exposed to light become conductive and
therefore discharge to the ground.
 The areas of the drum not exposed to light remains negatively charged.
Attempt any THREE :
Q2 12M
a) Describe the operating principle of condenser type microphone with neat diagram. 4M
Ans: Principle: 2M
 When sound pressure moves the diapharam in, the capacitance increases, and when it
moves out, the capacitance decreases.
 The change in capacitance results in change in out put voltage of microphone.
Equation 1 shows that if C increases, V will decrease and if C decrease, V will increase
V=Q/C ------------------(1)
Where V=Voltage across the capacitor in volts.
Q= charge in coulombs
C= capacitance in farad
Diagram: 2M
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b) Draw and explain the working of MP3 player. 4M

Ans: Block diagram: (Consider any other relevant diagram) 2M
OR
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(Autonomous)
OR
2M
Explanation:
1) Audio:
Our digital audio amplifier family is built to simplify audio architecture by lowering
the system cost and enabling easy interfacing. Using a digital interface eliminates the
need for a D/A converter in the host processor, and the PDM or I2S format guarantees
an ultra small IC footprint.
2) Charger interface:
Whether your device is charged via the USB port or a separate charger, it is exposed to
incorrect polarity or abnormally high voltages. Any of these two occurrences poses a
threat to the charger circuit and the PMU of the mobile device. In addition, the
USB/charger port can be subject to ESD strikes and other transient discharges.
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3) Memory Card Interface:

According the IEC61000-4-2 standard, SD host interfaces require additional high-level
ESD protection, in addition to the integrated ESD protection which is typically very
weak. Other strict EMI regulations and system requirements, as specified in GSM
mobile phones, strongly request filters that reduce the radiated/conducted EMI.
However, they must still comply with the electrical requirements of the interface
specification.
c) State Grassman’s law.Draw the sketch of additive mixing. 4M

Ans: Grassman’s Law: 2M
 The eye is not able to distinguish each of the colours that mix to form a new colour but
instead perceives only the resultant colour.
 The brightness impression created by the the combined light source is numerically
equal to the sum of the brightness of the three promaries that constitute the single light.
The property of the eye of producing a response which depends on the algebric sum of the red,
green and blue inputs
Additive mixing:
2M
Red: 30%, Green: 59%, Blue: 11% , White 100%, Yellow(R+G)=89%, Cyan(G+B)=70%,
Magenta(R+B)=41%
d) State working principle and explain working of LCD TV with appropriate diagram. 4M
Ans:
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2M
Diagram: (Consider any other relvent diagram)
 LCD TV uses the LCD Display technology to produceimages. 2M
 LCD is a form of visual display technology that functions by

sandwiching a layer of liquid crystals between two transparent
electrodes or conductive surfaces.
 Liquid Crystals are specialized molecules that flow like

liquidsbut polarize light like solid,
crystallinestructures.
 LCD technology works by selective passage of light,

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whichpasses through millions of individual

LCDstructures.
 These shutters are arranged in grids and constitute coloured

filters, allowing only the RGB portion of the light to pass
through white lightare typically provided by a series of CCFLs
(Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps), which are rear of
thescreen.
Every single sub – pixel is formed by a shutter filter combination, andthese sub – pixels blend
together to form wholepicture.
Attempt any three:

Q.3 12 M
a) Explain working of Digital camcoder. 4M

Ans: 2M
Fig: Block diagram of Camcorder

Explanation:
2M
 Figure shows the functional block diagram of a digital camcorder system. Light from
the optical lens assembly projects an image onto the charged coupled device (CCD)
imager. The CCD is a photosensitive array which is charged by the light falling on it.
 The charge is then converted into a continuous analogue voltage when the CCD
charged elements are scanned line by line.
 After the scan is completed, the CCD elements are reset to start the exposure process
for the next video frame. Embedded within the CCD is an analogue-to-digital
converter to produce a digital output for further processing by the camera processing
block ready for data compression by the MPEG codec.
 The camera processing chip carries out such functions as „steady shot‟, zoom and
focus motor control and digital picture effects. The MPEG-coded data are fed into a
video buffer.
 Digitised Y/C data are also fed into the electronic viewfinder (EVF) for monitoring
by the user. Stereo sound from audio microphones are A/D converted and the PCM
audio data placed into an audio buffer.
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 The MUX/DEMUX receives the compressed video and PCM audio streams from the
corresponding buffers, packetises and multiplexes them into a standard MPEG-2
program stream (PS) to be stored in a PS buffer.
 Data in the PS buffer are then used to write on the recording medium which could be
a DVD disc, an HDD or a magnetic tape.
 In the playback mode, the process is reversed and this is the reason for using an
MPEG codec chip instead of just a coder and MUX/DEMUX instead of just a MUX.
In the playback mode, data from the recording medium are demultiplexed and
decompressed and fed into the EVF for display.
b) State four Electrical specifications with values for washing machine. 4M

Ans: (Note: any other relevant specifications can be considered) 1M
1. Type: Top loading / Front loading type Each
2. Capacity range: 6kg to 15kg (Any
3. Motor Used: Induction motor 4)
4. Input voltage: 100V- 240V
5. Power: in 1200W / Output power 100–400W{can go upto 1000W)
6. Efficiency: Max efficiency 31%
7. Wattage: 2.100-2.400 W
8. Current: 13A
9. Frequency: 50hz
c) Draw the block diagram of PAL-D decoder and write function of each block. 4M
Ans: Diagram: 2M
(NOTE: any other relevent diagram can be consider like croma amplifier with u v
amplifier and with RGB amplifier included then mark will be given)
OR
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 In the block diagram there are 64us delay line, a switch operated by colour burst signal,
add and subtract network and RGB matrix
 Separate U and V obtained then mixed with Y signal through delay line
 Matrix output will separated R, G, and B depend on voltage level content in video signal
which will further connected to RGB amplifier.
 Weighted factor U=B-Y and V=R-Y
 Switch will reverse subcarrier signal with phaseY signal has Bandwidth of 5Mhz
OR
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Explanation: 2M
Chroma signal selection:

Its function is to select Chroma and colour burst signal from the incoming CCVS signal. It
essentially consist of band pass circuit whose center frequency is chosen to be equal to that of
Chroma sub-carrier itself i.e.4.43MHz.
1st Chroma amplifier:

The Chroma and burst signals are amplified by first Chroma amplifier which is controlled by
DC voltage developed by the Automatic Chroma Control (ACC) amplifier.
2nd Chroma amplifier:

The second Chroma amplifier incorporates colour saturation control circuit. The output of
colour killer also feeds into it.
PAL delay line (separation of U and V colourphasors):

This network separated U and V signals with are then fed to respective demodulator.
Gated burst amplifier:

The gated burst amplifier separates the burst pulses and amplifies them a level suitable to
operate the burst phase discriminator.
Automatic Chroma Control (ACC):

The magnitude of the voltage so fed back is proportional to the magnitude of the burst and
therefore to the amplitude of Chroma signal itself. This voltage is used to control the first stage
of Chroma amplifier in such way to ensure constant Chroma signal amplitude.
Burst phase discriminator:

It is sensitive to burst pulses and is designed to detect any differences which might exist
between the phase of burst pulse and that of the reference oscillator. It produces at its output a
dc voltage whose magnitude and polarity are proportional to the magnitude and direction of
the detected phase difference.
Burst phase identifier:

This circuit is able to identify the phase relationship of the colour burst.
180º switch:
This switch is used to periodically invert the waveform fed to the v-signal demodulator.
Colour killer control:

This is just a half wave rectifier which produces a steady dc potential from the succession of
burst pulses. During black and white transmission the dc potential is absent and hence biases
the 2nd Chroma amplifier to cut off state.
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State any four CCIR-B standard for colour signal transmission and four CCIRB
d) 4M
standards for reception in TV.
Ans: 2M
colou
Reception
r
Camera output R, G, and B video signals signal
trans
Luminance signals Y=0.30R+0.59G +0.11B missio
n
Colour difference signals chosen for
(B-Y) and(R-Y)
transmission
AND
Suppressed carrier amplitude modulation Of two
Type of colour signal modulation subcarriers in quadrature having same numerical
value.
2M
Colour difference signals U=0.493(B-Y) V=0.877(R-Y)
CCIR
B
Composite colour signal Y+U sin ωm t+-Vcosωmt stand
ards
for
Amplitude of modulated Chroma signal u2+v2
recept
ion
Colour subcarrier frequency 4.433185 MHz
Duration of burst 10+1
Chroma encoding Phase and amplitude modulation
Bandwidth for colour signals (u and v) Fsc-1.3 MHz to fsc+0.6 MHz
Transmission
No. of lines per picture (frame) 625
Field frequency (Fields/second) 50
Interlace ratio, i.e., No. of fields/picture 2/1
Picture (frame) frequency, i.e.,

25
Pictures/second
Line frequency and tolerance in 15625 ± 0.1%
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lines/second,(when operated non-

synchronously)
Aspect Ratio (width/height) 4/3
(i) Line: Left to right

Scanning sequence
(ii) Field: Top to bottom
System capable of operating independently

YES
of power supply frequency
Approximate gamma of picture signal 0.5
Nominal video bandwidth, i.e., highest

5
video modulating frequency (MHz)
Nominal Radio frequency bandwidth, i.e.,

7
channel bandwidth (MHz)
Sound carrier relative to vision carrier

+5.5
(MHz)
Sound carrier relative to nearest edge of

– 0.25
channel (MHz)
Nearest edge of channel relative to picture

–1.25
carrier (MHz)
Fully radiated sideband Upper
Nominal width of main sideband (upper)

5
(MHz)
Width of end-slope of full (Main) sideband

0.5
(MHz)
Nominal width of vestigial sideband 0.75 MHz
Vestigial (attenuated) sideband Lower
Peak white level as a percentage of peak

10 to 12.5
carrier
FM, ± 50 KHz
Type of sound modulation
Pre-emphasis 50 μs
Resolution 400 max
Q.4 Attempt any THREE : 12M
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a) Explain VSB transmission. State it’s any four advantages. 4M

Ans: (Note: diagram is not mandatory, however marks can be credited for correct diagram.) 2M
 VSB AM is used to transmit the video information in TV transmission.
 AM has carrier frequency with two sidebands.
 Since both sidebands contain the same information only one side band is transmitted
with suppressed carrier which save the power and reduce the bandwidth.
 Filter design is become easy.
 Number of channel are increase.
OR
 The low video frequencies contain the most important information of the picture and
any effort to completely suppress the LSB would result in phase distortion at these
frequencies. This distortion will be seen by the eye as “smear” in reproduced picture.
 Therefore as a compromise, only a part of the lower sideband, is suppresses, and the
radiated signal then consists of a full upper side band and a carrier signal and vestige
(remaining part) of the partially suppresses lower sideband.
 This pattern of transmission of the modulated signal is known as Vestigial Sideband
transmission.(VSB).
 In 625 line system, frequencies up to 0.75MHz in the lower sideband are dully
radiated.
 Because of filter design difficulties it is not possible to terminate the B.W. of a signal
abruptly at edges of the sidebands. As shown in figure saving of band space which
results from vestigial sideband transmission. The picture signal is seen to occupy a
bandwidth of 6.75MHz instead of 11MHz.
Figure: VSB
Merits of VSB: ( Any 4) 2M
 Bandwidth is reduced so that more number of channels can be accommodated in a
given frequency spectrum.
 Power saving of 50% is possible.
 Filter design becomes practicable.
 More efficient.
 Noise reduction.
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b) Draw and describe DTH System.

Ans: 2M
Figure: Block diagram of DTH system

Outdoor unit:
2M
 It consists of a receiving antenna, low noise amplifier & converter the receiving
antenna is parabolic reflector with a horn as the active element. The horn can be
directly in front of reflector, or it may use an offset feed as shown in fig. The reflector
diameter may be 0.6m for 11GHz & still smaller for K &Ka bands.
 The low noise block consists of a low noise wide band amplifier followed by a
convertor. The output of convertor consists of a signal of UHF frequency ranging from
950-1450MHz.
 The advantage of using UHF frequency is that a low cost coaxial cable can be used as
feeder from the outdoor unit to the indoor unit.
 LNB cannot be kept indoor because long cable between horn & the first amplifier will
cause substantial degradation of the overall noise figure of the set.
Indoor unit:
 The wideband signal from the LNB is fed to an RF amplifier. The amplified signal is
fed to a channel selector circuit which selects the wanted band.
 The selected channel is down converted to a fixed IF of 70MHz by local oscillator &
mixer. IF amplifier amplifies the signal which then goes to FM detector.
 The detector recovers original baseband signal, consisting of CVS & audio signal.
These modulated signals are fed to the normal domestic TV receiver, which after due
processing reproduces picture & sound.
c) Describe Troubleshooting procedure of colour TV receiver system. 4M

Ans: (Note: any other relevant procedure can be considered.) 4M
1. Check the complete TV for any physical damage before connecting to mains.
2. Observe Mains connection chord for damage and continuity.
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3. Clean TV set with DRY nylon brush.

4. Check out any dead animal like lizard, cockroach, Rat etc.
5. Identify symptoms of faults.
6. Identify the probable faulty area by symptom in given TV receiver
7. Examine the physical faults in the section (Wire/ track open or Component broken)
8. Check condition of fuse.
9. Observe resistance of each active component on section.
10. Turn on the TV and measure the voltage or current across the component
11. Compare the reading with actual value
12. Find the faulty component.
13. De-solder the component
14. Replace the old component with new component
OR
1. Observe given equipment vigorously

2. Clean the equipment.
3. Check the mains chord for wear and tear.
4. Check the external knob for wear and tear.
5. Open the set check for burning smell.
6. Check for live insect, lizard, cockroach
7. Check inside wiring and damage component,
8. Clean the set from inside
9. Identify fault area.
10. Do the dry test using multimeter like fuse for open or resistor on so on.
11. Measure corresponding voltage.
12. Replace faulty component.
d) Explain any four basic characteristics of sound signal. 4M

Ans: (Note: two to three line explanation is enough foe each beat) 1M
Level and loudness: Each
The amplitude of a sound wave determines its loudness or volume. A larger amplitude
means a louder sound, and a smaller amplitude means a softer sound. The loudness of
a sound is also determined by the sensitivity of the ear. The human ear is more
sensitive to some frequencies than to others. The volume we receive thus depends on
both the amplitude of a sound wave and whether its frequency lies in a region where
the ear is more or less sensitive.
The loudness is a sensation of how strong a sound wave is at a place. It is always a
relative term and is a dimensionless quantity. Loudness is measured in decibel (dB). It
is given as:
L = log(I), here „I‟ is the intensity.
Pitch: Pitch is tone frequency.Pitch is a characteristic of sound by which a correct note

can be distinguished from a grave or a flat note. We can identify a female and male
voice without seeing them. The term „pitch‟ is often used in music. Pitch depends upon
the frequencies of the sound wave. A note has a higher pitch when the frequency is
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high and a note of low frequency has a low pitch.
Frequency response:
The audio spectrum range spans from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz and can be effectively
broken down into seven different frequency bands, with each having a different impact
on the total sound.
Fidelity:
Fidelity is the quality of faithfulness or loyalty.
Sensitivity:
sensitivity It is defined as output in millivolts (or in dB below 1 volt) for the sound
pressure of 1 Pa (or 10 microbars) at 1000 Hz. As the normal level of speech provides
a sound pressure of I microbar ((or 0.1 Pa), the sensitivity based on this criteria for 1
microbar pressure (or 0.1 Pa) level would be one-tenth the value for 1 Pa pressure.
Selectivity:
The human ear is very sensitive to sound intensity. It can detect sound intensity as low
as 10 dB below the threshold of hearing. The ear is sensitive, not to the absolute values
of intensity, but to the ratios (or dB). The sound power generated by a large orchestra is
a fraction of a microwatt at the softest tones and about a thousand milliwatts at the
loudest ones. Similarly, speech during whispering is in picowatts, and while shouting,
it is several milliwatts. It is not necessary for a sound-reproducing system to produce
sound of the same magnitude of power as at the source, but the reproducing system
should be capable of handling the maximum and minimum power in the same ratio.
e) State any four characteristics of Hi-Fi amplifier system. 4M

Ans: (NOTE: any other relevant logical point mark should be given) 1M
each
Characteristics of HI-FI amplifier:
1. Signal to noise ratio should be better than 50dB.
2. Frequency response should be flat within +-1dB.
3. Nonlinear distortion should not be more than 1%.
4. The system should possess dynamic range of at least 8dB.
5. Stereophonic effect should be provided.
6. Environmental conditions should be such as to eliminate the external noise in listening
room.
Q.5 Solve any TWO : 12M

a) Explain OLED TV with neat labeled diagram. 6M
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Ans: 6M
1. Cathode (−),
2. Emissive Layer,
3. Emission of radiation,
4. Conductive Layer,
5. Anode (+)
 An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a light-emitting diode (LED) in which the

emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compound that emits light in
response to an electric current.
 This organic layer is situated between two electrodes; typically, at least one of these
electrodes is transparent. OLEDs are used to create digital displays in devices such as
television.
OR
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Construction:
As shown in Fig. any type of OLED is made of
the following components
1. An emissive layer.
2. A conducting layer.
3. A substrate.
4. Anode and cathode terminals.
 The emissive layer and the conducting layer both are made up of organic molecules of
different materials.
 These molecules has a property of conducting electricity and their conduction level
can be varied substantially.
 The emissive layer is made up of organic plastic material (typically polyfluorene)
 The conducting layer is also made up of organic molecules (typically polyaniline)
 The substrate is made of plastic, foil or glass.The material used for the anode is Indium
Tin Oxide, because this material is transparent to visible light.
 The cathode component is made from metals like Calcium or Aluminium and the
cathode also can be transparent.
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 The purpose of using various component of OLED have been listed below:
Substrate:To support the OLED

Anode:To inject more holes
Conducting layer :To carry holes from the anode
Cathode:To produce electrons
Emissive layer:To produce light.
Operation:
 A positive voltage is applied to the anode with respect to cathode. Hence an electron
produced by the cathode flows to anode.
 This electron is captured by the emissive layer due to which the anode withdraws an
electron from the conductive layer. Thus a hole is created in the conductive layer.
 As this process continues, the conductive layer becomes positively charged (full of
holes) and the emissive layer is negatively charged (full of electrons)
 Due to electrostatic forces, these electrons and holes combine together very close to the
emissive layer to produce light in the emissive region.
 This is a visible light, the colour of which depends on the type of organic molecules
used. A colour display can be obtained by using a number of organic layers.
 The intensity of an OLED display increases with increase in current.
Draw block diagram of washing machine and state types of washing machine.
b) 6M
Ans: 6M
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OR
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Types of Washing Machine:
i) Washers
ii) Semi-automatic
iii) Automatic
Describe why equalizing pulses are needed. Draw the vertical synchronizing pulse
c) 6M
structure.
Ans: Description: 3M
 To take care of the drawback which occurs on account of the half line discrepancy, five
narrow pulses are added on either side of vertical sync pulses. These are known as pre-
equalizing and post-equalizing pulses.
 The effect of these pulses is to shift the half line discrepancy away both from the beginning
and end of vertical sync pulses.
 Post equalizing pulses are necessary for fast discharge of the capacitor to ensure triggering of
the vertical oscillator at proper time.
OR
 The ½ line difference just prior to the start of serrated vertical pulse does not affect the
horizontal deflection synchronization but it does affect the vertical synchronization and
the interlaced scanning. The effect of uneven line period can be reduced by increasing the
interval between the preceding line pulse and the field sync pulses.
 To ensure that the vertical deflection oscillator receives the necessary triggering voltage at
the same time after every field, a series of five narrow pulses 2.3 μs each, occurring at
half line rhythm, are inserted before the field sync pulse.
 These are called pre equalizing pulses. The width of equalizing pulse is normally half the
width of horizontal sync pulses, roughly half of 4.7 μs or (2.3 μs).
 The equalizing pulses inserted after the vertical synchronizing pulses are post equalizing
pulses. These equalizing pulses do not disturb the operation of either oscillator, yet they
permit the vertical sync pulse to occur at the correct time after every field.
Page23
(Autonomous)
Diagram: 3M
Q.6 Attempt any TWO: 12M

a) Describe vertical and horizontal resolution in brief. 6M
Ans: Resolution: The scanning and reproduction of the finest details of the picture is known as 6M
resolution of TV system.
Vertical Resolution:
The ability of the scanning system to resolve picture details in vertical direction is known as
vertical resolution:
1. Vertical resolution is a function of scanning lines into which the picture is divided in the
vertical plane.
2. The maximum number of dark and white elements which can be resolved by the human eye
in the vertical direction in a screen of height H decided by the number of horizontal lines into
which picture is split while scanning.
3. Thus ,vertical resolution can be expressed as, Vr = Na*K
Vr = Vertical resolution
Na = Active number of lines K- kell factor or resolution factor
Horizontal Resolution:
The ability of the scanning system to resolve the picture details in the horizontal direction is
known as horizontal resolution.
1. While aiming at equal vertical and horizontal resolutions and assuming the same Kell
factors the effective number of alternate black and white segments (N) that get scanned in one
horizontal line are-
N = Na * Aspect Ratio *K
Page24
(Autonomous)
b) (i)Name the block diagram shown in fig.1 6M

(ii)Identify the block “A”,”B” &”C” in given block diagram.
(iii)State the functions of block”A” and “B”.
Ans: (i) Above block diagram shown in fig. no. 1 is of Microwave Oven 6M
(ii) Block A represents Relay or TRIAC
Block B represents Bleeder Resister
Block C represents Magnetron Tube
(iii) Function of Block A and B
Block A is a relay or TRIAC circuit through which microprocessor or controller
activates the magnetron tube.
Block B is a Bleeder resistor. It is a part of half wave doubler circuit consisting of
R,C and D which boost the microwave voltage to high level. Capacitor C should
be fully discharge before touching anything inside microwave. Hence bleeder R is
connected to discharge C fully.
c) Describe the working of pick-up assembly of CD player with the help of neat sketch. 6M
Ans: (NOTE: Any other logical diagram can be consider) 3M
Page25
(Autonomous)
Diagram:
Explanation: 3M
The pick-up assemble consist of –
 A low power laser diode to illuminate the CD tracks.
 Lens and prism arrangement to direct the laser beam to the CD surface and to direct the
reflected laser beam towards photodiode array.
 A photodiode array to obtain data, focus and tracking signal from the reflected laser beam.
 Focus and tracking coils to focus the beam to the CD surface and to move the assembly to
proper track across the disc surface.
 Some optical units do not contain the tracking coil, for example, the single-beam radial
tracking assembly, this is explained in latter sections.
 Optical arrangement in a single-beam radial tracking pick-up assembly :
 In the optical pickup unit, the laser diode emits laser beam from a small point into an
elliptical or conical distribution. This beam is passed through various prism and lens to
form a very small diameter light beam on the disc surface at the ce77nter of the track.
 The objective lens is controlled by the tracking and focusing coil to keep the beam
focused on the CD and to keep the condensed beam at the center of the track.
 This laser beam is reflected back by the flat area and the pits on the disc surface. This
reflected beam is applied to a group of photodiodes through objectives lens, collamination
lens and some prism arrangement.
Page26
11920
22425
3 Hours / 70 Marks Seat No.
Instructions : (1) All Questions are compulsory.
(2) Answer each next main Question on a new page.
(3) Illustrate your answers with neat sketches wherever necessary.
(4) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
(5) Assume suitable data, if necessary.
Marks
1. Attempt any FIVE of the following : 10
(a) Define :
(i) Fidelity
(ii) Selectivity
(b) Explain impendence matching of PA system.
(c) Draw block diagram of Hi Fi amplifier.
(d) Differentiate between positive modulation and negative modulation
(e) List the advantages of OLED.
(f) List any two wiring and safety instructions for use of microwave oven.
(g) What is the use of pick up device in Digital camera ?
[1 of 4] P.T.O.
22425 [2 of 4]
(a) Draw the block diagram and explain the working of photocopier.
(b) Give the troubleshooting procedure of colour TV receiver system.
(c) Describe with the help of diagram the working of crystal type microphone.
(d) Explain the working of CD player with block diagram.
(a) Sketch the block diagram of MP3 player.
(b) Define following with respect to television :
(i) Aspect Ratio
(ii) Vertical & Horizontal Resolution
(iii) Interlace scanning
(iv) Image continuity
(c) Explain NHK MUSE encoding system.
(d) Explain the block diagram of OLED.
(a) “Digital camcorders are best for video recording than digital camera”. Justify.
(b) Differentiate between LCD and LED T.V.
(c) Explain the troubleshooting procedure for colour T.V. receiver system.
(d) Give CCIR-B standards for colour signal transmission and reception.
(e) Explain the troubleshooting procedure of colour T.V. transmitter.

22425 [3 of 4]
(a) Draw and explain the block diagram of colour T.V. transmitter.
(b) (i) Explain the working of MP3 player.
(ii) Give troubleshooting procedure for audio systems.
(c) (i) Explain the working principle of Electrostatic and permanent magnet
speaker.
(ii) Compare Woofer and Tweeter. (Any four points)
(a) Draw and explain the block diagram of washing machine. State advantages of
automatic washing machine.
(b) Explain the working of Direct to Home Receiver (DTH) with its indoor and
outdoor unit.
(c) Explain the working of microwave oven and give its four electrical
specifications.
_______________
P.T.O.
22425 [4 of 4]
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
WINTER-19 EXAMINATION
Subject Name: Consumer Electronics Subject Code: 22425
Model Answer
1

1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in themodel answer
scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may tryto assess the
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given moreImportance (Not
applicable for subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in thefigure. The
figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for anyequivalent
figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constantvalues
may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer
based on candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent
concept.
Q. Sub Q. Answers Marking

No. N. Scheme
1 (A) Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10-

Total
Marks
(a) Define : 2M
(i) Fidelity
(ii) Selectivity
Ans: (i) Fidelity:-It is defined as the ability of an audio amplifier to reproduce all the sound 1M
frequencies faithfully i.e. amplify all of them equally. Each
(ii) Selectivity:-It is defined as the ability of human ear to select sound signals of
particular frequencies over those of some other frequencies of same intensity.
(b) Explain impedance matching of PA system. 2M
Ans: Impedance Matching of PA system:- 1M

each
(i) It is necessary to match the total loudspeaker impedance with the output impedance
Page 1/
(Autonomous)
Model Answer
2
of the power amplifier. It will ensure maximum power transfer to the loudspeakers. point
(ii)If the output impedance of the output stage of PA system is not matched with total
impedance of speaker unit, then it can cause excessive power dissipation, distortion
and noise.
(c) Draw block diagram of Hi Fi amplifier. 2M
Ans: 2M
Diagra
m
Fig:- Block diagram of Hi-Fi Amplifier
(d) Differentiate between positive modulation and negative modulation. 2M
Ans: (Any 2 points) 1 M Each 1M

each
point
Positive Modulation Negative Modulation
1. When increase in brightness of that 1. When increase in brightness reduces

picture results in an increase of the amplitude of the modulated envelope, it is
amplitud of modulated envelope.it called negative modulation.
is called positive modulation.
2. White level of video signal 2. White level of video signal
corresponds to 100% total correspondence to 12.5% of the total
magnitude. amplitude.
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(Autonomous)
Model Answer
3
3. Noise pulses do not affect 3. Noise pulses are seen as less

synchronization but cause white annoying black spot.
spot in
the picture
4. More power is required with less 4. If peak power available from

efficiency transmitter is considered them less
power is required for more
efficiency.
5. Black level of video signal 5. Blanking level starts at 75%

correspondence to 25% of total
magnitude.
6. 6.
Waveform of positive modulation Waveform of Negative modulation
7. 7.
Page 3/
(Autonomous)
Model Answer
4
e) List the advantages of OLED. 2M
Ans: (Any two advantages) 1M

Advantages of OLED:- each
(i)Highly economical manufacturing.
(ii)Higher efficiency.
(iii)Less power consumption.
(iv)More brightness and higher contrast.
(v)Possible to build foldable OLED displays.
(vi)Very short response time(0.01ms)
f) List any two wiring and safety instructions for use of microwave oven. 2M
Ans: Wiring Instructions:- 1M

each
(i) Red, Black and Green wires should be connected to live, neutral and earth points of three
point plug in correct manner.
(ii)The three way socket should be wired properly to have a capacity of 15 A.
Safety Instructions:-
(i)The oven should never be used for drying any non-food item like clothes, paper etc.
(ii)Never use oven without food items
g) What is the use of pick up device in Digital camera? 2M
Ans: Use of pick up device in Digital camera :-Pick up device in digital camera is a collection of 2M
large number of tiny light sensitive diodes which, act as sensor. It converts optical image into
an electric charge image.

No. N. Scheme
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(Autonomous)
Model Answer
5
2 Attempt any THREE of the following: 12-

Total
Marks
a) Draw the block diagram and explain the working of photocopier. 4M
Ans:
2M
Diagra
m
Working:- (i)A photocopy machine is an aluminium drum whose surface is coated with light
2M
sensitive material such as selenium. workin
(ii)A positive electric charge is given to drum by rotating it adjacent to fine wire (corona g
)which is spaced closely to the drum surface and connected to high voltage of 6kV to 7kV.
(iii)Due to high applied voltage air around corona is ionized which produces a positive
electric charge and transferred to drum.
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(Autonomous)
Model Answer
6
(iii)In this situation if drum is exposed to light, it becomes a good conductor to transfer
positive charge to aluminium base of drum.
(iv)Once drum is positively charged, the page is scanned by optical lens and mirror and focus
light reflected on drum where information is distributed.
(v)A toner which is powdered dry ink is applied to drum .Negative charge is given to toner.
Due to force of attraction, the negative toner is picked up by positively charged portions of
drum surface. Thus image to be copied is present on drum surface.
(vi)A positive charge is given to plain white paper in copier mechanism and then passes
through heated rollers.
(vii)The toner ink melts due to heat and print the image on the paper.
(viii)Thus a very high quality copy of the original is produced by the photocopier machine.
b) Give the troubleshooting procedure of colour TV receiver system. 4M
Ans: 1. Check the complete TV for any physical damage before connecting to mains. 1M
2. Observe Mains connection chord for damage and continuity. each
3. Clean TV set with DRY nylon brush. point
4. Check out any dead animal like lizard, cockroach, Rat etc.
5. Identify symptoms of faults.
6. Identify the probable faulty area by symptom in given TV receiver
7. Examine the physical faults in the section (Wire/ track open or Component broken)
8. Check condition of fuse.
9. Observe resistance of each active component on section.
10. Turn on the TV and measure the voltage or current across the component
11. Compare the reading with actual value
12. Find the faulty component.
13. De-solder the component
14. Replace the old component with new component
OR
1. Observe given equipment vigorously
2. Clean the equipment.
3. Check the mains chord for wear and tear.
4. Check the external knob for wear and tear.
5. Open the set check for burning smell.
6. Check for live insect, lizard, cockroach
7. Check inside wiring and damage component,
Page 6/
(Autonomous)
Model Answer
7
8. Clean the set from inside

9. Identify fault area.
10. Do the dry test using multimeter like fuse for open or resistor on so on.
11. Measure corresponding voltage.
12. Replace faulty component.
c) Describe with the help of diagram the working of crystal type microphone. 4M
Ans: 2M
Diagra
m
Fig:- Crystal type microphone.

2M
Working:-The crystal microphone works on the principle of piezo electric effect. When
workin
pressure is applied to any of these crystals electricity is generated, and if an electric charge is
g
applied to a crystal, it changes shape (Piezoelectric effect).
Fig. shows a crystal microphone .An aluminum diaphragm is connected to a crystal unit
via push rod, so that the pressure exerted by sound waves on the diaphragm can be passed
to crystal unit. Usually two crystal plates are connected (“Bimorph” element) which gives
higher output voltage. The crystal unit is well supported by the insulating material rods. The
whole unit is enclosed in a protective case. The pressure variations which are passed by the
diaphragm to the crystal unit will generate an electric potential which is proportional to
applied pressure.
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(Autonomous)
Model Answer
8
d) Explain the working of CD player with block diagram. 4M
Ans: 2M
Diagra
(for any other relevant diagram mark should given) m
Fig: Block diagram of CD Player
2M
Explanation:-- Explain
CLV: The CD player is also known as CLV or constant linear velocity system . In a CLV device ation
such as the CD player the rotational speed of disc player is adjusted with movement of
reading mechanism on the disc surface . This speed is changed to maintain constant linear
velocity i.e. the signal on the disc surface always moves at constant speed of 1.3 m per
second under the pick-up head.
Half-Full Memory: This half –full memory circuit makes the disc to maintain a constant linear
velocity when the reading mechanism moves from outer tracks of disc to inner tracks or
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(Autonomous)
Model Answer
9
from inner tracks to outer tracks on disc surface.

Decoding CD: During the decoding , the digital data on the disc surface is read by the
decoding circuit and is converted into the analog and that signals are required to drive the
speakers and regenerate the stored music.
Optical pick-up: The signal stored on the CD surface as pits and flat areas are first picked up
by the optical pickup made of lens assembly, prism , photo detectors and laser diodes
assembly in the optical pickup unit.
High frequency amplifier: The signal is very weak so it is amplified by a high frequency RF
amplifier circuit to bring signal to a proper level. This amplified and filtered high-frequency
signal contains audio signal as well as synchronization signal in 14-bit EFM (eight to fourteen
modulation)format , this signal is sent to an EFM demodulator circuit.
EFM Demodulator: The EFM modulator separates the modulated data and the timing signal
from the signal received at its input. It also removes the additional coupling bits and
converts the 14-bit EFM symbol to actual 8-bit data. The amplified and filtered EFM signal
from high frequency amplifier is also given to clock generation circuit to synchronize
detecting and timing circuit. These circuits are used to recover the bit clock and sync pattern
data .The timing separated by this system is used to provide timing signal to the system.
ERCO Circuit: Demodulated data from EFM demodulator is send to error correction
(ERCO)circuit. The demodulated data signals also send to control and display decoding
circuit, which recovers the control and display signals which are further multiplexed into
signals received from CD. The ERCO circuit mainly used for the error correction & detection.
The ERCO circuit will communicate with servo microprocessor to reduce the error generated
during CD scanning.
Interpolation and muting: The ERCO circuit is used for error detection and correction
purpose. Any error found in the incoming data signal is send to interpolation and muting
section by the ERCO circuit . The interpolation and muting section uses the following
methods to correct error found in data stream read from the disc.
CLV using the Clock Signal: The ERCO also responsible for maintaining constant linear
velocity of CD rotation motor , For this , The ERCO circuit compare the clock signal derived
from the incoming data with reference clock frequency.
De- interleaving : Signals from the ERCO contains audio signal in the interleaved format .
Before doing any further operation on this signal, it must be interleaved. The signal is then
de-interleaved in the interpolation and muting section to restore the original sequence of
information.
Digital Filter and De-multiplexer: The de-interleaved and regenerated is then send to digital
filter and de-multiplexer , where it is filtered and separated in to left and right channel data.
This circuit removes any effect of sampling frequency from the data signal , which would
appear as interference in the form of aliasing noise in analog signal.
Oversampling: During digital filtering oversampling method is used to remove both
problems of aliasing noise and quantization error .
Page 9/
(Autonomous)
Model Answer
10
D/A convertor: The output from digital filter and de-multiplexer circuit is send to D/A
convertors. The right and left channels are processed by different D/A convertors. These
convertors convert the 16-bit digital signal into the original analog audio signal. Because of
the over sampling , done in the digital filter and de-multiplexer circuit simple low-pass filter
is used following the D/A process.
Stereo Amplifier: The analog output from converter is passed through a sample & hold
circuit & a LPF circuit to obtain a smooth noise free output at the speakers. These signals are
next fed to a stereo audio amplifier to raise left & right audio channel signal.

No. N. Scheme
3 Attempt any THREE of the following : 12-

Total
Marks
a) Sketch the block diagram of MP3 player. 4M
Ans: Note: For any other Equivalent diagram appropriate marks to be given 4M
diagra
m
b) Define following with respect to television: 4M
(i) Aspect ratio

(ii) Vertical & Horizontal Resolution
Page 10/
(Autonomous)
Model Answer
11
(iii) Interlace scanning

(iv) Image continuity
Ans: (i) Aspect ratio: The aspect ratio of an image describes the proportional relationship 1M
between its width and its height. The frame adopted in all television systems is Each
rectangular with width/height ratio, i.e., aspect ratio = 4/3. Definiti
on.
(ii) Vertical & Horizontal Resolution: The ability of the scanning system to resolve
picture details in vertical direction is known as vertical resolution. The ability of
the scanning system to resolve the picture details in the horizontal direction is
known as horizontal resolution.
(iii) Interlace scanning: The total numbers of lines are divided into two groups called
‘fields’. Each field is scanned alternately. This method of scanning is called
‘interlaced scanning’.
(iv) Image continuity: As per the persistence of vision, if the scanning rate per second
is made greater than sixteen, or the number of pictures shown per second is
more than sixteen, the eye is able to integrate(mix) the changing levels of
brightness in the scene. This is called as Image Continuity.
c) Explain NHK MUSE encoding system. 4M
Ans:  MUSE stands for Multiple Sub-Nyquist Sampling Encoding and is an HDTV bandwidth Diagra
compression scheme developed by NHK. m : 2M
 It uses fundamental concepts for performance exchange in the spatio – temporal
(transitory transformation) domain along with motion compensation to reduce the Explana
tion :
transmission bandwidth down to near about 10 MHz.
2M
 The processed HDTV signal can be then transmitted using a single BDS channel.
Temporal Interpolation In MUSE the luminance and colour information are sent by
time multiplexed components (TMC) The colour information is sent sequentially with
a time compression of four.
 For a moving picture area the final picture is reconstructed by spatial interpolation
using samples from a single field. Hence moving portions of the picture are
reproduced with one- quarter the spatial resolution of the stationary areas. The
spatial frequency response for both stationary and moving areas of the picture is
shown in figure below.
 In decoder, the read – out addresses of picture elements (pixels) from previous fields
are shifted according to the information provided by the motion vector so that the
data can be processed in still – picture mode.
Page 11/
(Autonomous)
Model Answer
12
 These two modes of interpolation, the inter – frame processing for stationary
pictures and infra field averaging for moving portions of the picture are switched by
detecting the moving areas at the decoder.
 Audio transmission is done by 4 – phase DPSK which is multiplexed with the
processed video signal in the vertical blanking interval after frequency modulation of
the transmission carrier by the video signal.
 Figure: Interpolation
d) Explain the block diagram of OLED. 4M
Ans: Note: Any other equivalent diagram can be considered. 2M

Diagra
Working of an OLED m 2M
 After the organic material has been applied to the substrate the real working of the Explana
tion.
OLED begins.
 The substrate is used to support the OLED. The anode is used to inject more holes
when there is a path of current. The conducting layer is used to carry the holes from
the anode. The cathode is used to produce electrons when current flows through its
path. The emissive layer is the section where the light is produced. This layer is used
to carry the electrons form the cathode.
 First, the anode is kept positive w.r.t the cathode. Thus there occurs an electron flow
from the cathode to the anode. This electron flow is captured by the emissive layer
causing the anode to withdraw electrons from the conductive layer. Thus, there
occurs a flow of holes in the conductive layer. As the process continues, the
Page 12/
(Autonomous)
Model Answer
13
conductive layer becomes positively charged and the emissive layer becomes
negatively charged.
 A combination of the holes and electrons occur due to electrostatic forces. As the
electrons are less mobile than the holes, the combination normally occurs very close
to the emissive layer. This process produces light in the emissive region after there
has been a drop in the energy levels of the electrons. The emissive layer got its name
as the light produced in the emissive region has a frequency in the visible region. The
colour of the light produced can be varied according to the type of organic molecule
used for its process. To obtain colour displays, a number of organic layers are used.
Another factor of the light produced is its intensity. If more current is applied to the
OLED, the brighter the light appears. Take a look at the diagram given below.
OLED Diagram
 Now consider the process when the anode is negative w.r.t the cathode. This will not
make the device work as there will not be any combination of the holes and
electrons. The holes will move towards the anode and the electrons to the cathode.
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(Autonomous)
Model Answer
14
Q. Sub Answers Marking

No. Q. N. Scheme
4 Attempt any THREE of the following : 12-

Total
Marks
(a) “Digital camcorders are best for video recording than digital camera”. Justify. 4M
Ans:  A camera section, consisting of a CCD, lens and motors to handle the zoom, 4M
focus and aperture
 A VCR section, in which a typical TV VCR is shrunk down to fit in a much smaller
space.
 The camera component's function is to receive visual information and interpret
it as an electronic video signal. The VCR component is exactly like the VCR
connected to your television: It receives an electronic video signal and records it
on video tape as magnetic patterns
 The digital camera has good shutter speed and which is suitable for capturing
still images or portrait images.
(b) Differentiate between LCD and LED TV. 4M
Ans: 1M
Each
Parameter LED LCD poin
(Any 4
Full Form light emitting diodes liquid crystal display
Points)
Backlight light emitting diodes fluorescent lights
Backlight position either behind the screen or behind the screen

around its edges
Size Thinner then LCD Thicker then
Efficiency More Compare to LCD Less Compare to LED
(c) Explain the troubleshooting procedure for colour TV receiver system. 4M
Ans:  Check the Antenna signal strength, whether it gives readings as per requirement. 4M
 As per the behavior of the screen or the speaker, check the different sections of TV Proced
Page 14/
(Autonomous)
Model Answer
15
receiver. ure.
 For Sound Related Issue, Check sound section, Sound IF section
 For Video Related Issues, Check video & Chroma Section, Sync Section.
 For Completely Dead TV, Check Power supply section, Horizontal Output Section.
 If problem found, Replace/ Repair the Component and start the TV.
(d) Give CCIR-B standards for colour signal transmission and reception. 4M
Ans: (Any 4 transmission and 4 reception standards) 2M for

Reception CCIR B
Transmi
Camera output R, G, and B video signals ssion
standar
Luminance signals Y=0.30R+0.59G +0.11B ds
Colour difference signals chosen for

(B-Y) and(R-Y)
transmission 2M for
CCIR B
Suppressed carrier amplitude modulation Of recepti
Type of colour signal modulation two subcarriers in quadrature having same on
numerical value. standar
ds
Colour difference signals U=0.493(B-Y) V=0.877(R-Y)
Composite colour signal Y+U sin ωm t+-Vcos ωmt
Amplitude of modulated Chroma signal u2+v2
Colour subcarrier frequency 4.433185 MHz
Duration of burst 10+1
Chroma encoding Phase and amplitude modulation
Bandwidth for colour signals (u and v) Fsc-1.3 MHz to fsc+0.6 MHz
Page 15/
(Autonomous)
Model Answer
16
Transmission
Picture (frame) frequency, i.e.,

25
Pictures/second
Line frequency and tolerance in

lines/second,(when operated non-
15625 ± 0.1%
synchronously)
(i) Line: Left to right

Scanning sequence
(ii) Field: Top to bottom
System capable of operating
YES
independently of power supply frequency
Nominal video bandwidth, i.e., highest

5
video modulating frequency (MHz)
Nominal Radio frequency bandwidth, i.e.,

7
channel bandwidth (MHz)
Sound carrier relative to vision carrier

+5.5
(MHz)
Sound carrier relative to nearest edge of

– 0.25
channel (MHz)
Page 16/
(Autonomous)
Model Answer
17
Nearest edge of channel relative to picture

–1.25
carrier (MHz)

Nominal width of main sideband (upper)
5
(MHz)
Width of end-slope of full (Main)

0.5
sideband (MHz)
Nominal width of vestigial sideband 0.75 MHz
Vestigial (attenuated) sideband Lower

Peak white level as a percentage of peak
10 to 12.5
carrier
FM, ± 50 KHz
Type of sound modulation
Pre-emphasis 50 μs
Resolution 400 max

(e) Explain the troubleshooting procedure of colour TV transmitter. 4M
Ans: Note: (Any otherequivalent procedure can be considered) 4M

Proced
 Check the Antenna signal strength, whether it gives readings as per requirement. ure
 Check the Diplexer stage
 Check the Video Section properly for video signal generation. Which includes, Mixer,
Adder, Gating Pulses, Sync Signal Generator etc.
 Check the Sound Signal section. Which includes, Microphone, Modulator, Amplifier
circuit.
 If the reading are not match with the standard readings, there could have an problem
in component.
 Replace/ repair the component and check the signal again.
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(Autonomous)
Model Answer
18

No. N. Scheme
5. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12-

Total
Marks
a) Draw and explain the block diagram of colour TV transmitter. 6M
Ans:
BlockDi
agram:
3
Marks,
Explana
tion: 3
Marks
A PAL colour TV transmitter consists of following three main sections.
1. Production of Luminance (Y) and Chrominance (U and V) signals

2. PAL encoder
3. Video and Audio modulators and transmitting antenna
Production of Luminance (Y) and Chrominance (U and V) signals:
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Model Answer
19
 Colour camera tube produces R, G and B voltages pertaining to the intensity of red,
green and blue colours respectively in pixels. The luminance signal Y is obtained by a
resistive matrix, using grassman's law. Y=0.3R+0.59G+0.11B.
 For colour section Y is inverted colours R&B obtained from the colour camera tubes
are added to it to get (R-Y) and (B-Y) colour difference signal. These signals are
weighted by two resistive matrix network which gives U & V signals as U=0.493 (B-Y)
& V=0.877(R-Y)
PAL encoder:
 PAL switch which operates electronically at 7812.5Hz with the help of bistable
multivibrator and feeds the sub-carrier to balanced modulator with phase difference
of +90 degree on one line and -90 degree on the next line.
 The PAL encoder consists of a subcarrier generator and two balanced modulator
with filters to produce modulated subcarrier signal. These signals are added
vertically to give Chroma signal (C). Then Chroma signal is mixed with Y signal along
with sync. And blanking pulses to produce Colour Composite Video Signal (CCVS).
Video and Audio modulators and transmitting antenna:
 CCVS amplitude modulates the main video carrier. It is followed by a sharp VSB filter
to attenuate the LSB to give AMVSB signal for transmitter. Audio signal modulates
separate carrier. This modulation is FM type.
 AMVSB video signal along with audio signal passes to the transmitting antenna
through Diplexer Bridge which is a wheatstone's bridge.
b) (i) Explain the working of MP3 player. 6M
Ans: (i) Block diagram of MP3 Player (i) Block

diagra
m: 1.5
Marks,
Explana
tion:
1.5
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(Autonomous)
Model Answer
20
Marks(
brief
explana
tion is
expecte
d)
(ii)
Trouble
shootin
g
proced
ure: 3
Marks
Explanation:
 Audio
Our digital audio amplifier family is built to simplify audio architecture by
lowering the system cost and enabling easy interfacing. Using a digital interface
eliminates the need for a D/A converter in the host processor, and the PDM or I2S
format guarantees an ultra small IC footprint.
The digital interface assures low RF susceptibility in the device and the total
system, and low sensitivity to input clock jitter. In addition, the digital interface
eliminates the need for couple capacitors and safeguard speakers by eliminating
problems coming from DC offsets due to leakage currents of an analog design.
(ii)Charger interface
Whether your device is charged via the USB port or a separate charger, it is
exposed to incorrect polarity or abnormally high voltages. Any of these two
occurrences poses a threat to the charger circuit and the PMU of the mobile
device. In addition, the USB/charger port can be subject to ESD strikes and other
transient discharges.
NXP offers an application specific portfolio of TVS diodes and ESD arrays, which
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(Autonomous)
Model Answer
21
enable cost efficient protection solutions - ESD, reverse polarity, overvoltage,

other transient discharges – with the smallest footprint.
(iii)Memory Card Interfaces
According the IEC61000-4-2 standard, SD host interfaces require additional high-

level ESD protection, in addition to the integrated ESD protection which is
typically very weak.
They also support EMI filtering, integrated biasing resistor networks, regulated
power supply to supply SD-memory cards directly from a battery, and voltage
level translation to enable the use of low-voltage host processors to
communicate with 2.7 V to 3.6 V compliant SD-memory card devices
 Shut down and restart the system. Surprisingly often, this solves the problem.
 Verify that all cables are connected, that the speakers have power and are
switched on, that the volume control is set to an audible level, that you haven't
muted audio in Windows, and so on.
 Determine the scope of the problem. If the problem occurs with only one
program, visit the web sites for Microsoft, the software company, and the audio
adapter maker to determine if there is a known problem with that program and
audio adapter combination. If the problem occurs globally, continue with the
following steps.
 Verify that the audio adapter is selected as the default playback device. If you
have more than one audio adapter installed, verify that the default playback
device is the audio adapter to which the speakers are connected.
 If your audio adapter includes a testing utility, run it to verify that all components
of the audio adapter are operating properly.
 If you have another set of speakers and /or a spare audio cable, substitute them
temporarily to eliminate the speakers as a possible cause. If you have a set of
headphones, connect them directly to Line-out on the audio adapter to isolate
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(Autonomous)
Model Answer
22
the problem to the system itself. Alternatively, connect the questionable

speakers to another system with a known good audio adapter, or even an MP3
player or portable CD player.
c) (i) Explain the working principle of Electrostatic and permanent magnet speaker. 6M
(ii) Compare Woofer and Tweeter.(Any four points)
Ans: (i) Electrostatic speaker. Electros

tatic:
1.5
Marks,
perman
ent
magnet
speaker
: 1.5
Marks
The voltage is applied to the central or movable plate, the signal voltage is applied to the
two outside plates causes these plates to attract or repel each other. The amount of
attraction or repulsion depends on the applied voltage. If one of the plates is flexible metal,
it will bend. But the amount of attraction and repulsion is not directly proportional to the
applied voltage.
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Model Answer
23
Permanent magnet speaker.
A light voice coil is mounted so that it can move freely inside the magnetic field of a strong
permanent magnet. The speaker cone is attached to the voice coil and attached with a
flexible mounting to the outer ring of the speaker support. Because there is a definite
"home" or equilibrium position for the speaker cone and there is elasticity of the mounting
structure, there is inevitably a free cone resonant frequency like that of a mass on a spring.
The frequency can be determined by adjusting the mass and stiffness of the cone and voice
coil, and it can be damped and broadened by the nature of the construction, but that natural
mechanical frequency of vibration is always there and enhances the frequencies in the
frequency range near resonance. Part of the role of a good enclosure is to minimize the
impact of this resonant frequency.
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(Autonomous)
Model Answer
24
(ii) Compare Woofer and Tweeter.(Any four points)
3
Sr. Parameter Woofer Tweeter Marks:
No 1 Mark
1 Defination Produce low frequency audio Produce High frequency for
sound audio sound each
2 Size Large Small point
3 Weight Heavy Light
4 Frequency Range 16 Hz to 1 KHZ 5Khz to 20 KHz

No. N. Scheme
6. Attempt any TWO of the following : 12-

Total
Marks
a) Draw and explain the block diagram of washing machine. State advantages of automatic 6M(
washing machine.
Block
diagra
m:2
Marks,
Explana
tion: 2
Marks,
Advant
ages: 2
marks
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(Autonomous)
Model Answer
25
Ans:
OR
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(Autonomous)
Model Answer
26
Explanation:
The washing machines use inverter control for both washing and spin-drying. Inverter
control helps reduce wash/spin noise and vibration and enables a washing machine to adjust
the amount of water and motor torque to suit the washload. IGBTs are used for motor drive,
and microcontrollers for overall control.
Additionally, an intelligent power device (IPD) is used to drive a water circulating pump of a
spin dryer. Power factor correction (PFC) ICs or IGBTs are used in the power supply circuit to
keep harmonics in the input current below the IEC limit.
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(Autonomous)
Model Answer
27
Advantages:
1. Time Saving
2. Effective
3. Consume less power
4. Save water
b) Explain the working of Direct to Home Receiver (DTH) with its indoor and outdoor unit. 6M
Ans: Block diagram: Block

diagra
m: 3
Marks,
Explana
tion: 3
marks
Outdoor unit:
 It consists of a receiving antenna, low noise amplifier & converter the receiving antenna is
parabolic reflector with a horn as the active element. The horn can be directly in front of
reflector, or it may use an offset feed as shown in fig. The reflector diameter may be 0.6m
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(Autonomous)
Model Answer
28
for 11GHz & still smaller for K &Ka bands.
 The low noise block consists of a low noise wide band amplifier followed by a convertor.
The output of convertor consists of a signal of UHF frequency ranging from 950-1450MHz.
 The advantage of using UHF frequency is that a low cost coaxial cable can be used as
feeder from the outdoor unit to the indoor unit.
 LNB cannot be kept indoor because long cable between horn & the first amplifier will cause
substantial degradation of the overall noise figure of the set.
Indoor unit:
 The wideband signal from the LNB is fed to an RF amplifier. The amplified signal is fed to a
channel selector circuit which selects the wanted band.
 The selected channel is down converted to a fixed IF of 70MHz by local oscillator & mixer.
IF amplifier amplifies the signal which then goes to FM detector.
 The detector recovers original baseband signal, consisting of CVS & audio signal. These
modulated signals are fed to the normal domestic TV receiver, which after due processing
reproduces picture & sound.
c) Explain the working of microwave oven and give its four electrical specifications. 6M
Ans: Workin
g: 4
Marks,
Specific
ation: 2
marks
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(Autonomous)
Model Answer
29
I. Microwave is used to cook the food. In it, microwaves, are passed through the molecules
of the food.
ii. These microwaves are produced by a device called a magnetron within the microwave
oven.
iii. All food items contain water. The frequency of microwaves, causes the water molecules
to vibrate, as a result, this movement generates heat.
iv. When the temperature rises, the molecules of water travel or vibrate or rotate with
higher energies. The frequency of rotation of water molecules is about 3 gigahertz (300 crore
hertz).
v. If water receives microwaves of this frequency, its molecules absorb this radiation and
water gets heated up. In this way the food gets heated up in a microwave oven.
Electrical specifications.
 Supply voltage: 220 volts,50 Hz. Single phase A.C.
 Power consumption: 1300 W approx.(power consumption vary as manufacturer
 from500W to 1500W)
 Microwave power: 700 w-850 W
 Microwave frequency: 2450 Mhz (1000Mhz to 3000Mhz)
 Timer: 60 min. – 90 min(timer can also varied)
 Control: Soft/one touch control
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Model Answer
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Page 30/
Subject Name: Consumer Electronics Model Answer Subject Code: 22425
SUMMER – 2022 EXAMINATION

XXXXX
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not applicable for
subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The figures
drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may vary and
there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer based on
candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual (English +
Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year 2021-2022. Hence if
the students in first year (first and second semesters) write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English
+Marathi), the Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts with
model answer.
Q. Sub Marking
No. Q.N.
Answer Scheme
10-Total
Q.1 Attempt any FIVE of the following: Marks
i) Name the Block diagram.

ii) Identify the block “A” and “B” in given Figure No.1
a) 2M
i) Optical pickup assembly (1M)

Ans: ii) Block A- Laser diode (1/2 M)
Block B- Multibeam detector or Photo diode array (1/2 M)
1/21
b) List various control of Hi-Fi amplifier. 2M
1) Balance control
2) Master gain control (any
Ans: 3) Blend control four)½
4) Bass and trouble control M each
4)Loudness control
5) Quasi stereo switch
c) Compare mono amplifier and stereo amplifier.(Any two point) 2M
Parameters Mono Stereo
Monaural or monophonic
Stands for Stereophonic sound
sound
Audio signals are routed through 2 or more
Audio signals are routed
Key feature channels to simulate depth/direction
through a single channel
perception, like in the real world.
Requires technical knowledge and skill to

Easy to record, requires record, apart from equipment. It's
Recording
only basic equipment important to know the relative position of
the objects and events.
Less expensive for
More expensive for recording and
Cost recording and (1 M
reproduction for
Ans: reproduction
Circuit each
Less Complex then More Complex point)
Complexity
Public address system,
radio talk shows, hearing
Movies, Television, Music players, FM radio
Usage aid, telephone and mobile
stations
communication, some AM
radio stations
Circuit Draw circuit diagram of Draw circuit diagram stereo amplifier
Diagram mono amplifier system system
Signal to
Less signal to noise ratio Better than 50 dB is the S/N ratio.
Noise ratio
Nonlinear distortion Nonlinear distortion not more than
Distortion
occurs. input/output.
Use of
Equalizers are not used Contains equalizer circuit.
equalizer
2/21
d) Draw block diagram of Direct to Home receiver. 2M
Diagram: - Direct to Home receiver.
Ans: Dia-2M
e) State important specification of washing machine (Any four) 2M
Specification of washing machine:-

1. Power Consumption: eg. 1700 W
2. Maximum RPM : e.g. 1000 ½M
3. In built heater for
Ans: 4. Fuzzy Logic each
5. Capacity point
6. Weight
7. Stainless steel drum
8. Digital Display
f) Draw frequency response of woofer, midrange tweeter. 2M
Diagram:--Frequency response of woofer, midrange tweeter
Ans: 2M
3/21
g) Explain the concept of Bayer’s filter 2M
Explanation:- The concept of Bayer’s filter

It is a micro filter overlay for image sensors that allows photo sensors to record light
wavelength as well. The Bayer filter is the most common of such fil ters, and we find it
in use in nearly all modern digital cameras. Expl-
Ans:
2M
This filter uses a mosaic pattern of two parts green, one part red, and one part blue to
interpret the colour information arriving at the sensor. Once recorded, digital
algorithms are applied to interpolate or "demosaic" the resulting Bayer pattern and
turn it into full-fledged colour data for the image.
12-
Q.2 Attempt any THREE of the following: Total
Marks
a) Describe with the help of the diagram the working principle of carbon type microphone 4M
Diagram:- The working principle of carbon type microphone
Dia-2M
Ans: Workin
g -2M
Working Principle:
• When fine carbon granules enclosed in a case are subjected to variations of pressure,
the resistance of the granules changes. When such a device of carbon granules is
connected in series with a load through a dc supply, the current through the load will
vary in accordance with pressure variations on the carbon granules.
• When sound waves strike the diaphragm, it moves to and fro. During compression
condition, it presses the carbon granules and during rarefaction, it loosens them.
When carbon granules are pressed, the resistance decreases and hence the current
through the circuit increases.
• When carbon granules loosen, the resistance increases, decreasing the current
through the circuit. In the absence of sound, a steady current flows. Thus, sound
waves superimpose a varying current or audio current on the steady dc current.
4/21
b) Draw block diagram of CD player. 4M
Diagram: CD Player
Ans: Dia-4M
Define the following terms:

i) Contrast
c) ii) Luminance 4M
iii) Hue
iv) Saturation
i) Contrast:
It is the difference in light intensity between black and white parts of the picture over and above the
average brightness level.
ii) Luminance: 1 M for
It is define as the amount of light intensity as perceived by the eye regardless of the color. each
Ans:
iii) Hue definati
It is the predominant spectral colour of the received light on
iv) Saturation
Saturation is the original spectral purity of the colour light. It shows how little the colour is diluted by
white.
5/21
d) Explain interlaced scanning with label diagram. 4M
Diagram: - Interlaced scanning
Diagra
m: 2M,
Ans: Explan
ation:
Explanation: 2M
• In television pictures an effective rate of 50 vertical scans per second is utilized to

reduce the flicker. This is accomplished by increasing the downward rate of travel of
the scanning electron beam, so that every alternate line gets scanned instead of
successive line.
• Then when the beam reaches the bottom of the picture frame it quickly returns to the
top to scan those lines that were missed in the previous scanning.
• Thus, the total numbers of lines are divided into two groups called ‘fields’. Each field
is scanned alternately. This method of scanning is called ‘interlaced scanning’.
• In the 625 line TV system, for successful interlaced scanning, the 625 lines of each
frame or picture are divided into sets of 312.5 lines and each set is scanned
alternately to cover the entire picture area.
12-Total
Q.3 Attempt any THREE of the following: Marks
a) Digital camcorders are best for video recording than digital camera. Justify. 4M
• A camera section, consisting of a CCD, lens and motors to handle the zoom, focus and aperture.
A VCR section, in which a typical TV VCR is shrunk down to fit in a much smaller space.
• The camera component's function is to receive visual information and interpret it as an Justific
Ans: electronic video signal. The VCR component is exactly like the VCR connected to your television: ation-
It receives an electronic video signal and records it on video tape as magnetic patterns. 4M
• The digital camera has good shutter speed and which is suitable for capturing
still images or portrait images.
6/21
b) Describe the operation of washing machine and state it’s types. 4M
Fig : Block Diagram of Washing Machine
Fig. Washing machine control At any time in the washing cycle the program determines at what 2M
Block
speed the drum should rotate. From a knowledge of the required speed and the actual speed as
Diagra
obtained above, the controller can determine whether to increase or decrease the power dissipated m
in the motor.
1M
Ans: Explan
The motor power is determined by the timing of the triac firing pulse. If the triac is fired at the
ation
beginning of each half of mains cycle it will remain on for the remainder of the half cycle and the
motor will operate at full power. The longer the processor waits before firing the triac, the less will 1M
Types
be the motor power. The processor thus varies the delay time with respect to the zero crossing
point of the mains by an appropriate amount to increase or decrease the power in the motor as
determined by the difference between the actual and required speeds.This method of controlling
the motor speed is very processor intensive. It consumes a large amount of processor time and will
require a considerable amount of effort in writing and developing the software. However, this
approach uses very little hardware and is thus very attractive for such a high-volume application.

i) Washers
ii) Semi-automatic
iii) Automatic
7/21
c) Back Lit LED TV is better than edge Lit LED TV .Justify. 4M
• There are two primary forms of LED lighting technology that LED TVs can utilize: full-array
LED backlighting and edge-lit LED backlighting. Also known as local-dimming technology, full-
array technology employs arrays or banks of LEDs that cover the entire back surfaces of LED TV Justific
screens.
Ans: • In contrast, edge-lit technology employs LEDs only around the edges of LED TV screens. Unlike ation -
an edge-lit LED TV, an LED TV with full-array technology can selectively dim specific groups 4M
of LEDs, allowing for superior contrast ratio and superior overall picture quality.
Hence Back Lit LED TV is better than edge Lit LED TV
State any Eight CCIR-B standard for colour signal transmission and
d) 4M
reception.
2M
colou
r
signal
trans
missio
n
2M
CCIR
B
Ans:
stand
ards
for
recept
ion
8/21
Transmission
Picture (frame) frequency, i.e., Pictures/second 25
Line frequency and tolerance in lines/second,(when 15625 ± 0.1%
operated non synchronously
Scanning sequence (i) Line: Left to right (ii) Field:
Top to bottom
System capable of operating independently of power yes
supply frequency
Nominal video bandwidth, i.e., highest video modulating 5
frequency (MHz)
Nominal Radio frequency bandwidth, i.e., channel 7
bandwidth (MHz)
Sound carrier relative to vision carrier (MHz) +5.5
Sound carrier relative to nearest edge of channel (MHz) – 0.25
Nearest edge of channel relative to picture carrier (MHz) –1.25
Nominal width of main sideband (upper) (MHz) 5
Width of end-slope of full (Main) sideband (MHz) 0.5
Nominal width of vestigial sideband 0.75MHz
12-Total
Q.4 Attempt any THREE of the following: Marks
a) Distinguish between positive and negative modulation(Any four) 4M
When increase in brightness of that picture When increase in brightness reduces

results in an increase of the amplitude of amplitude of the modulated envelope, it is 1M
modulated envelope.it is called positive called negative modulation each
Ans: modulation.
point
(any 4
White level of video signal corresponds to 100% White level of video signal correspondence points)
total magnitude. to 12.5% of the total amplitude.
Noise pulses do not affect synchronization but Noise pulses are seen as less
cause white spot in the picture. annoying black spot.
9/21
More power is required with less efficiency If peak power available from transmitter is
considered them less power is required for
more efficiency.
Black level of video signal correspondence Blanking level starts at 75%
to 25% of total magnitude
10/21
b) Explain the NHK MUSE encoding system 4M
NHK MUSE encoding system:
MUSE stands for Multiple Sub-Nyquist Sampling Encoding and is an HDTV bandwidth
compression scheme developed by NHK.
• It uses fundamental concepts for performance exchange in the spatio – temporal (transitory
transformation) domain along with motion compensation to reduce the transmission bandwidth
down to near about 10 MHz.
• The processed HDTV signal can be then transmitted using a single BDS channel.
Temporal Interpolation In MUSE the luminance and colour information are sent by time
multiplexed components (TMC) The colour information is sent sequentially with a time
compression of four.
• For a moving picture area the final picture is reconstructed by spatial interpolation using
samples from a single field. Hence moving portions of the picture are reproduced with one-
quarter the spatial resolution of the stationary areas. The spatial frequency response for both
stationary and moving areas of the picture is shown in figure below.
• In decoder, the read – out addresses of picture elements (pixels) from previous fields
are shifted according to the information provided by the motion vector so that the data can be
processed in still – picture mode
Diagra
These two modes of interpolation, the inter – frame processing for stationary pictures and infra m : 2M
Ans: field averaging for moving portions of the picture are switched by detecting the moving areas at
the decoder.
Explana
• Audio transmission is done by 4 – phase DPSK which is multiplexed with the processed video tion :2M
signal in the vertical blanking interval after frequency modulation of the transmission carrier by
the video signal.
11/21
c) Explain the writing and safety instruction for a microwave oven. 4M
Wiring Instructions:
• The wires in this mains cord are coloured in accordance with the following code.
o Green : Earth
o Black : Neutral
o Red : Live
• As the colours of the wires of the mainscord of this appliance may not correspond with the
coloured marking identifying the terminals in your plug, proceed as follows : The wire which
is coloured green must be connected to the terminal in the plug which is marked with the ‘E’
or by the earth symbol or green. The wire which is coloured black must be connected to the
terminal which is marked with the letter ‘N’ or coloured black. The wire which is coloured
red must be connected to terminal which is marked with the letter ‘L’ or coloured red.
• SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS:
Listed below are, as with other appliances, certain rules to follow and safeguards to assure 2M
best performance from this oven : each
1. Do not use the oven for drying clothes, paper or any other non food item. for
wiring
Ans: 2. Do not use the oven without food items, this could damage the oven and may cause smoke
and
emission. safety
3. Do not use the oven for storage of papers, cookbook, cookware, etc. Instruc
4. Do not operate the oven without glass tray. Be sure it is properly placed on the rotating tions
base.
5. Ensure removal of caps or lids prior to cooking when you cook food sealed in bottles.
6. Do not put foreign material between the oven surface and door which could result in
excessive leakage of harmful microwave energy.
7. Do not use recycled paper products for cooking.
OR
Wiring Instructions:-
(i) Red, Black and Green wires should be connected to live, neutral and earth points of three
point plug in correct manner.
(ii)The three way socket should be wired properly to have a capacity of 15 A.
Safety Instructions:-
(i)The oven should never be used for drying any non-food item like clothes, paper etc.
(ii)Never use oven without food items.
12/21
d) State and explain characteristics of microphone. 4M
Characteristics of a Carbon Microphone:
Sensitivity Very high. The output of a carbon microphone is about 20 dB below IV (i.e., about 100
mV).
signal-to-noise Ratio Poor. Random variation of resistance of carbon granules generates a continuous
hiss.
Frequency Response Carbon microphones have a frequency response of 200 to 5000 Hz, and
therefore are unsuitable for high fidelity work. The resonance peak is at 2000 Hz and overall
frequency bandwidth is usually up to 5 kHz.
Distortion High. The content is rich in harmonics unless variation in resistance (or) is a very small
percentage of steady resistance R. Distortion is of the order of 10%. Also, carbon granules have a
tendency to stick to each other which further increases the distortion.
Directivity A carbon microphone is substantially omnidirectional. However, high frequency response
over 300 Hz falls beyond an angle of 40° from the front of the microphone.
Output Impedance It is about 100ohm.
Other Features:
1M
• It is mechanically very rigid.
each
• It is prone to moisture and heat.
for
• It is small in dimensions.
Ans: correct
• Cost of the microphone is the lowest of all other microphones.
charact
Characteristics of Capacitor Microphone: eristics
sensitivity The output is very low and an amplifier is built-in inside the micro-phone case. The (Any 4)
amplifier output is about 3 mV (about 50 dB below I V) at a sound pressure of 0.1 Pa or 1 pa bar.
Signal-to-noise Ratio High, about 40 dB.
Frequency Response Excellent, 40 Hz to 15 kHz for ±1 dB. Its frequency response is so good that it
is used as standard microphone against which other microphones are calibrated and loudspeakers are
tested. It is therefore used in sound level meters. Its natural resonant frequency is about 6000 Hz.
Distortion Low, about 1%
Directivity Omnidirectional
Output Impedance High, about 100 Mega ohm.
Other Features
1. It needs an external dc bias supply.
2. It is delicate because of the narrow separation between the moving plate (diaphragm) and the
fixed back plate.
3. It cannot withstand excessive heat. Moisture is also harmful as the condensation causes a
crackling sound.
4. It is costly because of the necessity of a dc bias.
13/21
e) State troubleshooting procedure of audio system 4M
Troubleshooting procedure of audio system:
• Shut down and restart the system. Surprisingly often, this solves the problem.
• Verify that all cables are connected, that the speakers have power and are switched on, that the
volume control is set to an audible level, that you haven't muted audio in Windows, and so on.
Determine the scope of the problem.
• If the problem occurs with only one program, visit the web sites for Microsoft, the software
company, and the audio adapter maker to determine if there is a known problem with that Trouble
program and audio adapter combination. If the problem occurs globally, continue with the shootin
following steps. g
Ans:
proced
• Verify that the audio adapter is selected as the default playback device. If you have more than ure: 4
one audio adapter installed, verify that the default playback device is the audio adapter to which M
the speakers are connected.
If your audio adapter includes a testing utility, run it to verify that all components
of the audio adapter are operating properly.
• If you have another set of speakers and /or a spare audio cable, substitute them temporarily to
eliminate the speakers as a possible cause. If you have a set of headphones, connect them
directly to Line-out on the audio adapter to isolate the problem to the system itself.
Alternatively, connect the questionable speakers to another system with a known good audio
adapter, or even an MP3 player or portable CD player.
12-
Q.5 Attempt any TWO of the following: Total
Marks
a) Describe with the help of block diagram the operation of colour TV receiver. 6M
14/21
Diagram:- The operation of colour TV receiver
Block
diagram
-4 M,
Ans: operatio
● A colour TV receiver contains all the necessary circuits of a monochrome receiver plus
n of TV
additional circuits required for the reproduction of a colored picture. Basically a colour TV
receiver -
receiver is a black-and-white receiver with a decoder for the colour signals and a colour
picture tube. 2M
● The figure is the functional block diagram of a colour TV receiver. The block diagram shows
that the circuits like the RF tuner, VIF amplifier, the video amplifier, the deflection sync, the
sweep circuits and the EHT sections are virtually the same as in black-and-white receiver.
● The tuning of a colour TV is critical. To avoid any mistuning of the receiver, an arrangement
called AFT (Automatic Fine Tuning) is used in most cases. This arrangement is similar to the
AFC and can be switched off whenever manual tuning is required. The colour TV uses the
inter carrier sound system with one difference.
● The sound take-off point is at the last VIF stage immediately before the video detector. This
is done to avoid interference between the sound IF and the Chroma signal. A separate diode
detector is used to produce the sound IF but the rest of the audio circuits are the same as in a
monochrome receiver.
● The two main circuits which distinguish a colour TV from a monochrome TV are the colour
picture tube and the Chroma section containing the colour circuits.
OR
A colour TV receiver contains all the necessary circuits of a monochrome receiver plus additional
circuits required for the reproduction of a colored picture. Basically a colour TV receiver is a black-
and-white receiver with a decoder for the colour signals and a colour picture tube.
The block diagram shows that the circuits like the RF tuner, VIF amplifier, the video amplifier,
the deflection sync, the sweep
15/21
i) Name the block diagram shown in Figure No.2
ii) Identify the block “A” and “B” in given block diagram.
iii) State the functions of block “A” and “B”.
6M
b)
i)Block diagram of Microwave Oven

ii)Block A is of Thermal Protector & Block B is of Controller Microprocessor
iii)Block A:-The thermal protector is a PTC thermistor. The primary current decreases when i)Name-
1M
the temperature rises abnormally. It senses the temperature of the magnetron as it is bolted to ii)Block
the magnetron case and is so connected electrically that its resistance comes in series with A -1M
the primary circuit. Block B
Ans: -1M
iii)Func
Block B:-The controller is a microprocessor chip with a clock. It is activated by key-pad tion of
switches and sets the cooking time. It senses the temperature and moisture, sets the power A block
levels and runs the display. There are three power levels. For HIGH the microwave generator and B
block-
remains on continuously; for MEDIUM it remains on for 10 seconds and off for 10 seconds;
3M
for LOW it remains on for 5 seconds and off for 15 seconds. The controller activates the
microwave generator using either a relay or a triac.
c) Explain vestigial sideband transmission. State it’s any two merits and demerits 6M
16/21
● The low video frequencies contain the most important information of the picture and any effort
Diagra
to completely suppress the LSB would result in phase distortion at these frequencies. This m- 2 M ,
Explain
distortion will be seen by the eye as “smear” in reproduced picture.
ation- 2
● Therefore as a compromise, only a part of the lower sideband, is suppresses, and the radiated M,
Merits
Ans: signal then consists of a full upper side band and a carrier signal and vestige (remaining part) of &
the partially suppresses lower sideband. ∙ This pattern of transmission of the modulated signal is Demerit
s- 1M
known as Vestigial Sideband transmission.(VSB). each
● ∙ In 625 line system, frequencies up to 0.75MHz in the lower sideband are dully radiated.
● ∙ Because of filter design difficulties it is not possible to terminate the B.W. of a signal abruptly at
edges of the sidebands
● . ∙ As shown in figure above saving of band space which results from vestigial sideband
transmission. The picture signal is seen to occupy a bandwidth of 6.75MHz instead of 11MHz.
Merits of VSB modulation: ∙ Bandwidth is reduced so that more number of channels can be
accommodated in a given frequency spectrum.
∙ Power saving of 50% is possible.
∙ Filter design becomes practicable.
∙ More efficient.∙ Noise reduction.
Demerits of Vestigial sideband (VSB) modulation

Its bandwidth requirement is somewhat higher than that of SSB modulation, due to the
presence of vestige.
Vestigial sideband modulation leads to a complex demodulation process at the receiver end.
17/21
12-
Q.6 Attempt any TWO of the following: Total
Marks
Draw labeled diagram of composite video signal and state the function of following
a) i. Blanking level 6M
ii. Pedestal height
i) Blanking level:
Blanking pulses to make retrace invisible.This is done by increasing the signal amplitude
slightly more than the black level during retrace period
ii) Pedestal height:
● Pedestal height is the distance between the pedestal level and average value (dc level) of the
video signal. This indicates average brightness since it measures how much the average value
differs from black level.
Diagra
● Pedestal height determines brightness of scene. Large pedestal height makes picture brighter and
m -4M
vice versa. Operator who observes the picture in studio adjusts level for desired brightness by
,
adding dc component to ac signal.
Blanki
ng
Diagram:-composite video signal
level- 1
Ans: M,
Pedest
al
Height
1M
18/21
b) i) State the important features of CMOS devices 6M

ii) Compare CCD and CMOS sensor
i) Important features of CMOS devices:
1)Each pixel on the CMOS has its own amplifier. Not only that, but each column has its own ADC:
once a pixel detects light, it will amplify it and then connect to the ADC for that column.
2)CMOS devices have lower power consumption than CCDs, the price of manufacturing is lower
than CCDs, and they are faster in processing signals than CCDs. They are therefore ideal for fast
image acquisition.
3)CMOS sensors can be fabricated using semiconductors besides silicon (like gallium arsenide,
silicon germanium, indium gallium arsenide). These materials allow for CMOS to be sensitive to
wavelengths beside the visible spectrum. All these are great advantages, especially if you are
designing consumer electronic devices like digital cameras, or cell phones where battery life and
cost are quite important.
4)CMOS devices tend to have a higher dynamic range than CCD (although not always).
OR
1. Because each pixel on a CMOS sensor has several transistors located next to it, the light
sensitivity of a CMOS chip tends to be lower. Many of the photons hitting the chip hit the
transistors instead of the photodiode.
2. CMOS traditionally consumes little power. Implementing a sensor in CMOS yields a low-
power sensor.
3. CCDs consume as much as 100 times more power than an equivalent CMOS sensor. 1
4. CMOS chips can be fabricated on just about any standard silicon production line, so they feature
tend to be extremely inexpensive compared to CCD sensors. -1M
Ans: OR (any 3
points)
CMOS sensors traditionally have lower quality, lower resolution and lower sensitivity.
CMOS cameras are usually less expensive and have great battery life.
i) Comparison of CCD and CMOS sensor:
CCD CMOS
Charged Couple Device Complementary Metal Oxide

Semiconductor
Cost More expensive Cheaper
Vertical Smear Yes No
Power efficiency less efficient more efficient
Noise less more
Partial exposure No Yes

OR
1)CCD sensors, as mentioned above, create high-quality, low-noise images. CMOS sensors,
traditionally, are more susceptible to noise.
19/21
2)Because each pixel on a CMOS sensor has several transistors located next to it, the light
sensitivity of a CMOS chip tends to be lower. Many of the photons hitting the chip hit the
transistors instead of the photodiode.
3)CMOS traditionally consumes little power. Implementing a sensor in CMOS yields a low-power
sensor.
CCDs use a process that consumes lots of power. CCDs consume as much as 100 times more
power than an equivalent CMOS sensor.
4)CMOS chips can be fabricated on just about any standard silicon production line, so they tend to
be extremely inexpensive compared to CCD sensors.
CCD sensors have been mass produced for a longer period of time, so they are more mature. They
tend to have higher quality and more pixels.
c) Draw and explain working of MP3 player. 6M
Diagra
m-3M
OR
Ans:
Explain
ation -
3M
20/21
MP3 media player is a coding format for digital audio.It is defined as MPEG1
(Moving picture Expert group)Standard .It was retained & further extened to
provide additional bit rate & more audio channels .MP3 is file containing
elementary stream of MPEG1 audio & video encoded data.It will be played on
any MP3 player.
MP3 players require energy efficient solutions, such as class D audio amplifiers
and the latest interface components.
Audio
The digital audio amplifier family is built to simplify audio architecture by lowering the
system cost and enabling easy interfacing. Using a digital interface eliminates the
need for a D/A converter in the host processor, and the PDM or I2S format
guarantees an ultra small IC footprint.
The digital interface assures low RF susceptibility in the device and the total system,
and low sensitivity to input clock jitter. In addition, the digital interface eliminates the
need for couple capacitors and safeguard speakers by eliminating problems coming
from DC offsets due to leakage currents of an analog design.
Charger interface
Whether the device is charged via the USB port or a separate charger, it is exposed to
incorrect polarity or abnormally high voltages. Any of these two occurrences poses a
threat to the charger circuit and the PMU of the mobile device. In addition, the
USB/charger port can be subject to ESD strikes and other transient discharges.
Memory Card Interfaces

According the IEC 61000-4-2 standard, SD host interfaces require additional high-level
ESD protection, in addition to the integrated ESD protection which is typically very
weak. Other strict EMI regulations and system requirements, as specified in GSM
mobile phones, strongly request filters that reduce the radiated/conducted EMI.
However, they must still comply with the electrical requirements of the interface
specification.
The continuing trend of miniaturization of portable appliances implies that interface
devices offering ESD protection and EMI filtering should also integrate biasing
circuits/resistors into a single small-sized package. NXP’s memory card interface
solutions fully support this continuing trend and offer interface conditioning functions
such as high-level ESD protection according the IEC 61000-4-2 standard. They also
support EMI filtering, integrated biasing resistor networks, regulated power supply to
supply SD- memory cards directly from a battery, and voltage level translation to
enable the use of low-voltage host processors to communicate with 2.7 V to 3.6 V
compliant SD-memory card devices.
Protocols
• Universal Asynchronous Reception and Transmission (UART)
• Inter-integrated-circuit (I2C)
• Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
21/21
22/21
(Autonomous)
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION

Model Answer

1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the
model answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may
try to assess the understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more
Importance (Not applicable for subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in
the figure. The figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner
may give credit for any equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed
constant values may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers
and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of
relevant answer based on candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on
equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi
and Bilingual (English + Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma
Programme from academic year 2021-2022. Hence if the students in first year (first and
second semesters) write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English +Marathi), the
Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts
with model answer.
`Q. Sub 7Answers Marking

No. Q. N. Scheme
1 (A) Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10-

Total
Marks
(a) List the different components used in CD-Player 2M
Ans: 1)Laser diode 2)lens & prism arrangement 3)photodiode 4) tray or loading motor to Any 2
compon
move the CD tray in and out,5)The slide, feed or sled motor moves the optical ents1M
pickup unit from the center to the outer edge of the disc on sliding rods,6)speaker
7)amplifier 8)Digital to analog converter
Page 1/
(Autonomous)

Model Answer
(b) Draw the block diagram of PA system (public address) 2M
Ans: 2M
Microphones Preamplifier Voltage Driver and

Amplifier Power
Amplifier
Audio
input/CD
Speaker
OR
(c) List different types of microphones 2M
Ans: 1. Carbon Microphone Any 1

2. Condenser Microphone, 1M
3. Crystal Microphone
4. Electret Microphone
5. Tie-clip Microphone
(d) Difference between LED and LCD (any 2 points) 2M
Page 2/
(Autonomous)

Model Answer
Ans: Sr LED LCD 1 Point

no 1M
1 LED has a better response time than LCD is slower than LED in terms
LCD of response time.
2 LED consumes Less power in Whereas it consumes MORE
comparison to LCD. power in comparison to LED.
3 LED delivers good picture quality LCD also delivers good picture
in comparison to the LCD display. quality but less than LED.
4 LED is costlier than LCD. While it is less costly than LED.
5 LED TVs can be up to 90 inches LCD Screen size comes in the
and they are much similar to LCD range of 13-57 inches.
TVs.
6 LED uses gallium arsenide LCD uses liquid crystals and glass
phosphide. electrodes.
7 The placement of lights in an LED LCD TV uses fluorescent lights,
TV differs from product to product. which are placed behind the screen.
The light-emitting diodes in LEDs
may be placed either behind the
screen or around the edges
NOTE
Answer can be written base on parameter
e) List any two wiring and safety instructions of micro oven 2M
Wiring Instructions: Any 2

wiring
1. The wires in this mains cord are coloured in accordance with the following
code. and
a. Green : Earth safety
b. Black : Neutral
instruc
c. Red : Live
2. As the colours of the wires of the mains-cord of this appliance may not tions,1
correspond with the coloured marking identifying the terminals in your plug, M each
proceed as follows : The wire which is coloured green must be connected to
the terminal in the plug which is marked with the ‘E’ or by the earth symbol
or green. The wire which is coloured black must be connected to the terminal
which is marked with the letter ‘N’ or coloured black. The wire which is
coloured red must be connected to terminal which is marked with the letter
‘L’ or coloured red.
Page 3/
(Autonomous)

Model Answer
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
Listed below are, as with other appliances, certain rules to follow and safeguards to
assure best performance from this oven :
3. Do not use the oven for drying clothes, paper or any other non food item.
4. Do not use the oven without food items, this could damage the oven and may
cause smoke emission.
5. Do not use the oven for storage of papers, cookbook, cookware, etc.
6. Do not operate the oven without glass tray. Be sure it is properly placed on
the rotating base.
7. Ensure removal of caps or lids prior to cooking when you cook food sealed
in bottles.
8. Do not put foreign material between the oven surface and door which could
result in excessive leakage of harmful microwave energy.
9. Do not use recycled paper products for cooking.
10. Do not cook any food surrounded by a membranes such as egg yolks,
potatoes, chicken livers, etc., without piercing them.
11. Should the microwave oven emit smoke indicating a fire, keep the oven door
shut, switch the appliance off and disconnect the mains cord from the outlet.
12. When flammable food containers are used in the oven (e.g. packet popcorn)
be sure to check the cooking process frequently to check for fire.
13. Always stir and/or shake the containers of baby foods prior to testing their
temperature and serving the contents.
14. Always test the temperature of food or drink which has been heated in a
microwave oven before serving, especially to children or elderly people.
This is important because things which have been heated in a microwave
oven keep on getting hotter even though the microwave oven cooking has
stopped.
f) List types of loudspeakers 2M
Ans: 1. Electrostatic (Condenser/Capacitor)Loudspeakers Any

2. Dynamic Loudspeakers two,
3. woofer
4. tweeter 1M
Page 4/
(Autonomous)

Model Answer
5. squawker/ midrange each

6. HORN type
7. Sound column
g) State electric specification of washing machine 2M
Ans: 1. Input voltage:-100V to 240 V/50 HZ supply Any

2. Input Power Vary as per configuration200 W to 1200W two, 1M
3. Output power 100-400 W each
4. Maximum Efficiency 31%

5. Single Phase Induction Motor with 1500rpm maximum speed
No. Q. N. Scheme

Total
Marks
a) Compare mono amplifier system with stereo amplifier system 4M
Ans: parameter Any 4

Mono Stereo
points,
Stands Monaural or
Stereophonic sound 1M
for monophonic sound
Audio signals are routed each
Audio signals are routed through 2 or more channels
Key feature through a single channel to simulate depth/direction
perception, like in the real
world.
Requires technical knowledge
and skill to record, apart from
Recording Easy to record, requires equipment. It's important to
only basic equipment know the relative position of
the objects and events.
Less expensive for
Cost recording and More expensive for recording and
reproduction reproduction
Circuit
Complexity Less Complex then More Complex
Public address system,
radio talk shows,
Usage hearing aid, telephone Movies, Television,
Page 5/
(Autonomous)

Model Answer
and mobile Music players, FM

communication, some radio stations
AM radio stations
Circuit
Diagram Draw circuit diagram of D Draw circuit diagram stereo
mono amplifier system amplifier system
Signal
to Noise ratio Less Better than 50 dB
Distorti Nonlinear distortion Nonlinear distortion not more
on occurs. than input/output.
Use of
equaliz er Equalizers are not used Contains equalizer circuit.
OR
SR Parameter Mono Stereo
1 Input one two
2 Speaker minimum one two
3 Pre Amplifier one two
4 Output Amplifier one two
5 Mixer channel one two
Page 6/
(Autonomous)

Model Answer
b) Draw the block diagram of Hi-fi audio amplifier. State four characteristics of Hi- 4M
fi amplifier
Ans: Characteristics of HI-FI amplifier:
1. Signal to noise ratio should be better than 50dB. Any 2
Charac
2. Frequency response should be flat within +-1dB. teristic
3. Nonlinear distortion should not be more than 1%. s 1M
4. The system should possess dynamic range of at least 8dB. 5.
Stereophonic effect should be provided.
6. Environmental conditions should be such as to eliminate the external noise in
listening room.
Diagra
m 2M
c) State Grassman’s law. Draw the sketch of additive mixing 4M
Ans: Grassman’s law Explan

ation
 The eye is not able to distinguish each of the colours that mix to form a new
colour but instead perceives only the resultant colour. 2M
 The subjective impression which is gained when green, blue and red lights
reach the eye simultaneously may be matched by a single light source having
the same colour.
 In addition to this, the brightness (luminance) impression created by the
combined light source is numerically equal to the sum of the brightness
(luminance) of the three primaries that constitute the single light.
 This property of the eye of producing a response which depends on the
algebraic sum of the red, green and blue inputs is known as Grassman’s
Page 7/
(Autonomous)

Model Answer
Law.
 White has been seen to be reproduced by adding red, green and blue lights.
The intensity of each colour may be varied. This enables simple rules of
addition and subtraction.
Diagra
m 2M
d) State any eight CCIR – B standard of color signal transmitter and receiver 4M
Ans: Any 2
Parameters CCIR B standard
standar
1. Number of scanning lines/frame 625 ds 1 M
2. Field (vertical) frequency 50Hz
3. Line(horizontal) frequency 15625Hz
4. Aspect ratio(width/height) 4:3
5. Horizontal trace time 52µs
6. Horizontal retrace time 12µs
7. Total scanning line lost in vertical retrace 64µs
8. Front porch 1.5µs
9. Back porch 5.8µs
10. Horizontal sync pulse 4.7µs
11. Colour sub carrier frequency 4.43MHz
12. Colour system Phase Alteration by Line –Delay (PAL-D)
13. U signal(weighted B-Y) U=0.493 (B-Y)
14. V signal(weighted R-Y) V=0.877(R-Y)
15. Total vertical blanking duration 1280µs or 1.280ms
16. Vertical sync pulse 160µs
17. Pre and post equalizing pulse 5 pulse each
18. Sync pulse top 100%
19. Blanking/pedestal level 75%
20. Black level 72-75%
21. White level 10-12.5%
Page 8/
(Autonomous)

Model Answer
22. Width of video signal 5MHz

23. Chroma signal bandwidth -1.3MHz to +1.57MHz
24. Video IF 38.9MHz
25. Audio IF 33.4MHz
26. Inter carrier frequency 5.5MHz
27. Audio modulation Frequency Modulation(FM) Video modulation Amplitude
Modulation (AM) Total channel width in VHF 7MHz
28. Total channel width in UHF 8MHz

No. Q. N. Scheme

Total
Marks
a) Explain working of digital cam coder 4M
Ans: Diagra
m 2M
Explana
tion
2M
 Light from the optical lens assembly projects an image onto the charged coupled device
(CCD) imager. The CCD is a photosensitive array which is charged by the light falling on it.
 The charge is then converted into a continuous analogue voltage when the CCD charged
elements are scanned line by line.
 After the scan is completed, the CCD elements are reset to start the exposure process for
the next video frame. Embedded within the CCD is an analogue-to-digital converter to
produce a digital output for further processing by the camera processing block ready for
data compression by the MPEG codec.
 The camera processing chip carries out such functions as „steady shot‟, zoom and focus
motor control and digital picture effects. The MPEG-coded data are fed into a video
buffer.
Page 9/
(Autonomous)

Model Answer
 Digitised Y/C data are also fed into the electronic viewfinder (EVF) for monitoring by the
user. Stereo sound from audio microphones are A/D converted and the PCM audio data
placed into an audio buffer.
b) Draw block diagram of washing machine and state types of washing machine 4M
Ans: Block
Diagra
m 2M
Types
2M
OR
Page
10/
(Autonomous)

Model Answer
OR
Fig : Block Diagram of Washing Machine
At any time in the washing cycle the program determines at what speed the drum
should rotate. From a knowledge of the required speed and the actual speed as
obtained above, the controller can determine whether to increase or decrease the
power dissipated in the motor.
The motor power is determined by the timing of the triac firing pulse. If the triac is
Page
11/
(Autonomous)

Model Answer
fired at the beginning of each half of mains cycle it will remain on for the remainder
of the half cycle and the motor will operate at full power. The longer the processor
waits before firing the triac, the less will be the motor power. The processor thus
varies the delay time with respect to the zero crossing point of the mains by an
appropriate amount to increase or decrease the power in the motor as determined
by the difference between the actual and required speeds.This method of
controlling the motor speed is very processor intensive. It consumes a large
amount of processor time and will require a considerable amount of effort in
writing and developing the software. However, this approach uses very little
hardware and is thus very attractive for such a high-volume application.
i) Washers
ii) Semi-automatic
iii) Automatic
c) Draw the block diagram of PAL – D – decoder 4M
Ans: (NOTE: any other relevent diagram can be consider like croma Diagra
amplifier with u vamplifier and with RGB amplifier included then mark
m 2M
will be given)
Explan
ation
2M
 In the block diagram there are 64us delay line, a switch operated by colour
Page
12/
(Autonomous)

Model Answer
burst signal,add and subtract network and RGB matrix

 Separate U and V obtained then mixed with Y signal through delay line
 Matrix output will separated R, G, and B depend on voltage level content in
video signalwhich will further connected to RGB amplifier.
 Weighted factor U=B-Y and V=R-Y
 Switch will reverse subcarrier signal with phaseY signal has Bandwidth of 5Mhz
OR
Explanation:
Chroma signal selection:
Its function is to select Chroma and colour burst signal from the incoming CCVS
signal. It essentially consist of band pass circuit whose center frequency is chosen to
be equal to that of Chroma sub-carrier itself i.e.4.43MHz.
1st Chroma amplifier:

The Chroma and burst signals are amplified by first Chroma amplifier which is
controlled by DC voltage developed by the Automatic Chroma Control (ACC)
amplifier.
2nd Chroma amplifier:

The second Chroma amplifier incorporates colour saturation control circuit. The
output of colour killer also feeds into it.
Page
13/
(Autonomous)

Model Answer
PAL delay line (separation of U and V colourphasors):

This network separated U and V signals with are then fed to respective demodulator.
Gated burst amplifier:

The gated burst amplifier separates the burst pulses and amplifies them a level
suitable to operate the burst phase discriminator.
Automatic Chroma Control (ACC):

The magnitude of the voltage so fed back is proportional to the magnitude of the
burst and therefore to the amplitude of Chroma signal itself. This voltage is used to
control the first stageof Chroma amplifier in such way to ensure constant Chroma
signal amplitude
Burst phase discriminator:

It is sensitive to burst pulses and is designed to detect any differences which might
exist between the phase of burst pulse and that of the reference oscillator. It produces
at its output a dc voltage whose magnitude and polarity are proportional to the
magnitude and direction ofthe detected phase difference.
Burst phase identifier:

This circuit is able to identify the phase relationship of the colour burst.
180º switch:
This switch is used to periodically invert the waveform fed to the v-signal
demodulator.
Colour killer control:

This is just a half wave rectifier which produces a steady dc potential from the
succession of burst pulses. During black and white transmission the dc potential is
absent and hence biases the 2nd Chroma amplifier to cut off state.
d) Define the following w.r.t. Telvision 4M
i) Contrast
ii) Luminance
iii) Hue
iv) Saturation
Page
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(Autonomous)

Model Answer
Ans:  i) Contrast: It is the difference in light intensity between black and white parts Each
of the picture over and above the definati
 ii) Luminance: It is define as the amount of light intensity as perceived by the on 1M
eye regardless of the color.
 iii) Hue: It is the predominant spectral colour of the received light
 iv) Saturation: Saturation is the original spectral purity of the colour light. It
shows how little the colour is diluted bywhite.
No. Q. N. Scheme

Total
Marks
(a) Describe vertical resolution and horizontal resolution in brief 4M
Ans: Resolution: The scanning and reproduction of the finest details of the picture is vertical
known asresolution of TV system. resoluti
Vertical Resolution: on 2M
The ability of the scanning system to resolve picture details in vertical direction is
known as horizo
vertical resolution: ntal
1. Vertical resolution is a function of scanning lines into which the picture is resoluti
divided in thevertical plane. on 2M
2.The maximum number of dark and white elements which can be resolved by the
human eye in the vertical direction in a screen of height H decided by the number of
horizontal lines into which picture is split while scanning
3.Thus ,vertical resolution can be expressed as,
Vr = Na*K
Vr = Vertical resolution
Na = Active number of lines K- kell factor or resolution factor
Horizontal Resolution:
Page
15/
(Autonomous)

Model Answer
The ability of the scanning system to resolve the picture details in the horizontal
direction is known as horizontal resolution.
1. While aiming at equal vertical and horizontal resolutions and assuming the same
Kell factors the effective number of alternate black and white segments (N) that get
scanned in one horizontal line are-
N = Na * Aspect Ratio *K
(b) Draw block diagram of monochrome TV receiver 4M
Page
16/
(Autonomous)

Model Answer
Ans: Diagra
m
4Mark
s
OR
(c) Explain working of micro wave oven with neat block diagram 4M
Page
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(Autonomous)

Model Answer
Ans:
Diagra
m 2M
Explan
ation
2M
I. Microwave is used to cook the food. In it, microwaves, are passed through the
molecules of the food.
ii. These microwaves are produced by a device called a magnetron within the
microwave oven.
iii. All food items contain water. The frequency of microwaves, causes the water
molecules to vibrate, as a result, this movement generates heat.
iv. When the temperature rises, the molecules of water travel or vibrate or rotate with
higher energies. The frequency of rotation of water molecules is about 3 gigahertz
(300 crorehertz).
v. If water receives microwaves of this frequency, its molecules absorb this radiation
and water gets heated up. In this way the food gets heated up in a microwave oven.
(d) Compare woofer, midrange and tweeter (any four points) 4M
Ans: Sr. No PARAMETER Woofer Midrange Tweeter 1 Point
(Squawker) 1 Mark
Page
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(Autonomous)

Model Answer
1. Defination It covers the low It covers the It covers high

audio mid-frequency audio
frequencies. range of audio. frequencies.
2. Size Large Medium Small
3. Weight Heavy Medium Light
4. Frequency range 16 Hz to 1 kHz 500 Hz to 5 kHz 5 kHz to 16 kHz
(e) Describe the working of pick up unit of CD player with neat sketch 4M
Ans: Pick up assemble: Diagra

The pick-up assemble consist of -
m 2M
 A low power laser diode to illuminate the CD tracks.
Explan
 Lens and prism arrangement to direct the laser beam to the CD surface and to direct
the reflected laser beam towards photodiode array. ation
 A photodiode array to obtain data, focus and tracking signal from the reflected laser 2M
beam.
 Focus and tracking coils to focus the beam to the CD surface and to move the
assembly to proper track across the disc surface.
 Some optical units do not contain the tracking coil, for example, the single-beam
radial tracking assembly, this is explained in latter sections.
 Optical arrangement in a single-beam radial tracking pick-up assembly :
 In the optical pickup unit, the laser diode emits laser beam from a small point into
an ell
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Model Answer
 Elliptical or conical distribution. This beam is passed through various prism and
lens to form a very small diameter light beam on the disc surface at the ce77nter of
the track.
 The objective lens is controlled by the tracking and focusing coil to keep the beam
focused on the CD and to keep the condensed beam at the center of the track.
 This laser beam is reflected back by the flat area and the pits on the disc surface.
This Reflected beam is applied to a group of photodiodes through objectives lens,
collamination Lens and some prism arrangement.

No. Q. N. Scheme
5. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12-

Total
Marks
a) State with suitable diagram the function of each block of OLED TV 6M
Ans: Note: Any other equivalent diagram can be considered. Releva

Construction: As shown in Fig. any type of OLED is made of the following components
1. An emissive layer. nt
2. A conducting layer. diagra
3. A substrate.
4. Anode and cathode terminals. m -3
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(Autonomous)

Model Answer
mks,
detaile
d
functio
n- 3
mks
 The emissive layer and the conducting layer both are made up of organic
molecules of different materials.  These molecules has a property of conducting
electricity and their conduction level can be varied substantially.  The emissive
layer is made up of organic plastic material (typically polyfluorene) .
 The conducting layer is also made up of organic molecules (typically polyaniline)

 The substrate is made of plastic, foil or glass. The material used for the anode is
Indium Tin Oxide, because this material is transparent to visible light.  The cathode
component is made from metals like Calcium or Aluminium and the cathode also
can be transparent.
The purpose of using various component of OLED have been listed below:
1. Substrate: To support the OLED
2. Anode: To inject more holes
3. Conducting layer :To carry holes from the anode
4. Cathode: To produce electrons
5. Emissive layer: To produce light.
Operation: A positive voltage is applied to the anode with respect to cathode.

Hence an electron produced by the cathode flows to anode.
 This electron is captured by the emissive layer due to which the anode
withdraws an electron from the conductive layer. Thus a hole is created in the
conductive layer.
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Model Answer
 As this process continues, the conductive layer becomes positively charged

(full of holes) and the emissive layer is negatively charged (full of electrons)
 Due to electrostatic forces, these electrons and holes combine together very
close to the emissive layer to produce light in the emissive region.
 This is a visible light, the colour of which depends on the type of organic
molecules used. A colour display can be obtained by using a number of organic
layers.
 The intensity of an OLED display increases with increase in current.
b) Explain the picture processing with CCD sensor for DIGICAM 6M
Ans: 3 mks
relevan
t
diagra
m,
3 mks
explan
ation
Figure shows the functional block diagram of a digital camcorder system. Light
from the optical lens assembly projects an image onto the charged coupled device
(CCD) imager. The CCD is a photosensitive array which is charged by the light
falling on it.
 The charge is then converted into a continuous analogue voltage when the CCD
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Model Answer
charged elements are scanned line by line.
 After the scan is completed, the CCD elements are reset to start the exposure
process for the next video frame. Embedded within the CCD is an analogue-to-
digital converter to produce a digital output for further processing by the camera
processing block ready for data compression by the MPEG codec.
 The camera processing chip carries out such functions as „steady shot‟, zoom and
focus motor control and digital picture effects. The MPEG-coded data are fed into a
video buffer.
 Digitized Y/C data are also fed into the electronic viewfinder (EVF) for
monitoring by the user. Stereo sound from audio microphones are A/D converted
and the PCM audio data placed into an audio buffer
 The MUX/DEMUX receives the compressed video and PCM audio streams from
the corresponding buffers, packetizes and multiplexes them into a standard MPEG-2
program stream (PS) to be stored in a PS buffer.
 Data in the PS buffer are then used to write on the recording medium which could
be a DVD disc, an HDD or a magnetic tape.
 In the playback mode, the process is reversed and this is the reason for using an
MPEG codec chip instead of just a coder and MUX/DEMUX instead of just a MUX.
In the playback mode, data from the recording medium are demultiplexed and
decompressed and fed into the EVF for display.
c) Draw the composite video signal label each section and define pedestal height 6M
and colour burst
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(Autonomous)

Model Answer
Ans: 3 mks
sketch,
1½
mks
each
for
definiti
on
Pedestal height - Pedestal height is the distance between the pedestal level and
average value
(dc level) of the video signal. This indicates average brightness since it
measures how much
the average value differs from black level.
The output signal from TV camera is of very small amplitude. Hence, it is
amplified by multistage high gain amplifiers. Sync and blanking pulses are
added to it and then signal is clipped at proper value to form pedestal.
Pedestal height determines brightness of scene. Large pedestal height makes
picture brighter and vice versa. Operator who observes the picture in studio
adjust level for desired brightness by adding dc component to ac signal.
Colour burst signal -The subcarrier is suppressed in the modulated signal (at
transmitter), it is necessary to generate it in the receiver for demodulation of the
colour signal. This signal generated must be of exactly same frequency and phase as
that of the transmitter.
To ensure this, short wave of 8 to 10 pulse called the colour burst is sent to the
receiver along with the sync. signals. The colour subcarrier burst is placed or gated
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(Autonomous)

Model Answer
onto the back porch of the blanking pulse of the composite video signal.
The burst signal acts as Pilot carrier.
Burst signal in conjunction with the phase comparator circuit in the receiver is used
to lock the local sub-carrier oscillator to frequency as well as the phase of the colour
sub-carrier at the transmitter.

No. Q. N. Scheme
6. Attempt any TWO of the following : 12-

Total
Marks
a) Draw block diagram of color TV transmitter and label it 6M
Ans: Proper
,
relevan
t block
diagra
m and
label 6
mks
b) Draw block diagram of photo copier and explain it’s principle of working 6M
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(Autonomous)

Model Answer
Ans: Diagra
m3
mks,
workin
g
principl
e 3
mks
Working principle- The typical photocopying process of a digital

photocopier. Firstly, the analog optical image signal of a document is
transformed into the digital signal by a CCD sensor. After the image
processing step which includes image scaling, image rotating and image
overlapping, the processed signal is inputted into a laser modulator. Then a
latent image can be acquired by scanning the OPC drum with the modulated
laser beam and discharging specific locations on the surface. The discharged
locations on the drum attract toner particles which are then transferred onto the
output paper through a transfer roller. The toner image on the paper is then
fused to the paper through heat and pressure by a fuser. Finally a cleaning
blade cleans any residual toner from the drum surface. The photocopy quality
is influenced by the imperfections of the corresponding mechanism component
in each step and the photocopied output presents the individual photocopying
style caused by the source photocopier. Since a document is mainly made up
of text characters, thus the photocopied text characters can be considered as an
intrinsic signature or fingerprint of the photocopier, which builds the
foundation of photocopied text character based photocopier forensics.
c) Draw and explain block diagram of CD player state advantages of CD 6M
Page
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(Autonomous)

Model Answer
Ans: 2½
mks
block
diagra
m,
functio
ns- 2 ½
mks ,
any 2
advanta
ges-1
mks
Functions of block in CD player

 Focus and Tracking Coil :
Focus and tracking coils focus the laser beam to the CD surface and to move
the assembly to proper track across the disc surface.
 Optical Pick-up :
The audio signal stored on the CD surface as pits and flat areas are first picked-
up by the optical pick-up made of lens assembly prism, photo detectors and
laser diodes assembly in the optical pick-up unit.
 Photo-diode array converts light rays into electrical signal.
 High-Frequency Amplifier :
The signal is very weak so it is amplified by a high frequency RF amplifier circuit
to bring signal to a proper level.
This amplified and filtered high-frequency (HF) signal contains audio signal as
well as synchronization signals in 14-bit EFM (eight to fourteen modulated)
format, this signal is sent to an EFM demodulator circuit.
 EFM Demodulator :
The EFM demodulator separates the modulated data and the timing signal from
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(Autonomous)

Model Answer
the signal received at its input. It also removes the additional coupling bits and
convert the 14-bit EFM symbol to actual 8-bit data.
The amplified and filtered EFM signal from the high-frequency amplifier is
also given to the clock generation circuit to the synchronization detecting and
timing circuit.
These circuits are used to recover the bit clock and the sync pattern from the
data. The timing signal separated by this circuit is used to provide timing
signal to the system.
ERCO Circuit :Demodulated data from the EFM demodulator is send to an error
correction (ERCO) circuit. This demodulated data signal is also send to control and
display decoding circuit, which recovers the control and display signals multiplexed
into the signal received from the CD.
 Interpolation and Muting :

The ERCO circuit is used for error detection and correction purpose. Any error
found in the incoming data signal is send to the interpolation and muting
section by the ERCO circuit.
The interpolation and muting section uses the following methods to correct any
error found in the data stream read from the disc.
Muting, Last word held, Linear interpolation :
 Muting :
In muting, when an error is detected in the data stream, the player will mute
(silence) the sound is not send to the speaker.
 CLV using the Clock Signal :
The ERCO also responsible for maintaining constant linear velocity of CD
rotation motor. For this, the ERCO circuit compares the clock signal derived
from the incoming data with a reference clock frequency.
 De-interleaving :
Signal from the ERCO contains the audio signal in the interleaved format.
Before doing any further operation on this signal, it must be de-interleaved.
This signal is then de-interleaved in the interpolation and muting section to
restore the original sequence of the information.
 Digital Filter and De-multiplexer :
The de-interleaved and regenerated signal is then send to digital filter and de-
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(Autonomous)

Model Answer
multiplexer, where it is filtered and separated into left and right channel data.
This circuit removes any effect of sampling frequency from the data signal,
which would appear as interference in the form of aliasing noise in analog
output circuit.
 Oversampling :
During digital filtering, oversampling method is used to remove both the
problems of aliasing noise and quantization error.
 D/A Converter :
The output from digital filter and de-multiplexer circuit is send to a D/A
converter. The right and left channel signals are processed by separate D/A
converters.
These converters convert the 16-bit digital signal into the original analog audio
signal. Because of the oversampling, done in the digital filter and de-
multiplexer circuit a simple low-pass filter is used.
 Loudspeaker :
Converts audio signal into sound signals.
Advantages- (Any two)
1. The CDs can store data/information of about 650 MB to 700 MB.

2. They can store data like images, pictures, videos, games, software, etc.
3. The data stored in the CDs are stored almost permanently.
4. It is very easy to transfer data from CDs to another storage medium with
ease.
Page
29/

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Zeal Education Society’s

ZEAL POLYTECHNIC, PUNE.

SECOND YEAR (SY)

NAME OF SUBJECT: CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

MSBTE QUESTION PAPERS & MODEL ANSWERS

Instructions : (1) All Questions are compulsory.

2. Attempt any THREE of the following : 12

(a) Explain working of Digital camcoder.

CCIRB standards for reception in TV.

4. Attempt any THREE of the following : 12

(a) Explain VSB transmission. State its any four advantages.

(b) Draw and describe DTH System.

(c) Describe Troubleshooting procedure of colour TV receiver system.

(d) Explain any four basic characteristics of sound signal.

(e) State any four characteristics of Hi-Fi amplifier system.

5. Attempt any TWO of the following : 12

(a) Explain OLED TV with neat labelled diagram.

1. Definition A woofer is a A mid-range speaker

2. Range of Frequency 16Hz to 500Hz 500Hz to 5KHz

3. Size & Physical Structure Size is largest They are of medium

4. Weight Heavier than Heavy than tweeter

d) Describe the function of MUSE system for HDTV. 2M

e) State any four electrical specifications of microwave oven. 2M

b) Draw and explain the working of MP3 player. 4M

3) Memory Card Interface:

c) State Grassman’s law.Draw the sketch of additive mixing. 4M

Diagram: (Consider any other relvent diagram)

 LCD TV uses the LCD Display technology to produceimages. 2M

 LCD is a form of visual display technology that functions by

 Liquid Crystals are specialized molecules that flow like

 LCD technology works by selective passage of light,

whichpasses through millions of individual

 These shutters are arranged in grids and constitute coloured

Attempt any three:

a) Explain working of Digital camcoder. 4M

Fig: Block diagram of Camcorder

b) State four Electrical specifications with values for washing machine. 4M

Chroma signal selection:

1st Chroma amplifier:

2nd Chroma amplifier:

PAL delay line (separation of U and V colourphasors):

Gated burst amplifier:

Automatic Chroma Control (ACC):

Burst phase discriminator:

Burst phase identifier:

Colour killer control:

Duration of burst 10+1

Chroma encoding Phase and amplitude modulation

Bandwidth for colour signals (u and v) Fsc-1.3 MHz to fsc+0.6 MHz

No. of lines per picture (frame) 625

Field frequency (Fields/second) 50

Interlace ratio, i.e., No. of fields/picture 2/1

Picture (frame) frequency, i.e.,

Line frequency and tolerance in 15625 ± 0.1%

lines/second,(when operated non-

Aspect Ratio (width/height) 4/3

(i) Line: Left to right

System capable of operating independently

Approximate gamma of picture signal 0.5