Compilation Section 45-80

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SECTION 45

TITLE:-AFTER RAJSIYA YAGYA


1.THE ENTRY OF VYASADEV ( the grand father of Yudhishthira)
* Vyasadev Rishi with his disciples entered the palace.
*All the pandavs greeted him , vyasa gave blessings to them.
*He told yudhishthira that all the kauravas got prosperity only because
of him.
*Then vyasa desired to go back to kailash with their leave.
2.YUDHISTHIRA AND HIS CONCERN:-
*Yudhishthira addressed his grandfather about his doubt.
*Impacts of shishupal’s death on the auspicious portents of Rajsiya
sacrifice.
*The three kinds of portents (as it’s consequences).
3. VYASA’S PREDICTION:-
* Rishi vyasa predicted the upcoming devastation of Kshatriyas.
*He gave hints about the Lord Shiva , his appearance and also made
some interpretations.
*Yudhishthira was very disturbed and wanted to leave his kingdom.
*Arjuna calmed him down.
*Yudhishthira promised to take every possible measure to prevent his
kingdom.
4. AFTER PERFORMING RITUALS:-
*Pandavas returned to their palace.
*Whereas Duryodhana and Shakuni continued to roam around that
assembly hall.

SECTION XLVI (46)

DURYODHANA’S GRUDGE

INSULT OF DURYODHANA

● Vaisampayana said Duryodhana continued to live in that assembly


house of the Pandavas
● The city was named after the elephant Hastinapore.

● King Duryodhana mistook the crystal surface for a pool of water


and drew up his clothes.
● After sometime the king again mistook a lake of crystal of water
adorned with lotuses of crystal petals for land and fell into it.
● Mighty Bhima and Arjuna laughed aloud as also the menials of the
palace.
● Duryodhana could not bear their laugh and concealed his
emotions and did not even cast a look on them.
● The king once again misunderstood a closed door as open and
struck his head against it.
● After all the numerous errors within the assembly house the king
at last left for Hastinapore.
JEALOUSY TOWARDS THE PANDAVAS

● King Duryodhana was afflicted by the success of the Pandavas and


became inclined to sin.
● All the kings of earth payed homage to them which reflected the
splendour and prosperity of sons of Pandu and thus became
jealous.
● Duryodhana was taken up by his thoughts and did not spoke a
word to anybody.
● Duryodhana was dried up like a shallow tank by the sway of
Yudhishthira in consequence of the might of Arjuna’s weapon and
also the sacrifice of son Pritha.
● Duryodhana addressed the king of Gandhara again and said that
he should throw himself on flaming fire or swallow poison. He
could not bear to see his foes in enjoyment of prosperity and
himself in destitution.
● He regarded fate as supreme and exertions fruitless. He was
deeply grieved and told the king to speak of it to Dhritarashtra.

SECTION – 47
TITLE : DURYODHAN’S JEALOUSY AND SHAKUNI’S
PLAN
1.Duryodhana is jealous of Pandavas after the rajasya.
2. Shakuni’s words to Duryodhana :
❖ Pandavas have got everything because of their good fortune.

❖ Cannot destroy them by devising numberless plans,out of which all were


unsuccessful.
❖ Draupadi and Draupada with his sons and their associate ‘Vasudeva’ are
also with them.

3. Reasons behind Pandavas being great:


❖ Arjuna (Dhananjaya) - has his mastery in bow and arrow.

❖ Bhima – Prowess with the mace , were unsurpassed except for the all-
powerful LORD BALRAMA.
❖ The ‘KINKARAS’ also supported the assembly house of Arjuna due to
Asur Maya.
❖ Nakula - Favourite of brothers ; Great chariot fighter.

❖ Sahdeva – obtained whole science of morality and duties from


Brihaspati

4. Duryodhana’s allies:

❖ Drona , karna, great warrior , Gautama, his brothers and


king saumadatti and sakuni .
5.Shakuni’s reply :

❖ Pandaus cannot be defeated.

❖ They are great warriors with the largest bows , accomplished


in weapons
6.Shakuni and Duryodhana plot against pandavas:

❖ Think of how to gain their possession without having a war and


hurting something.
❖ Shakuni says – The son of kunti is very fond of dice play.

❖ Although he does not know how to play he won’t refuse.

❖ Shakuni is skillful at dice play.

❖ In this game I will win Yudhistir Kingdom and their other


possessions.

Duryodhana says – ‘Son of suvala’ represent everything to


Dhritarashtra properly because I won’t be able to do so.

SECTION-48

TITLE - YUDHISHTHIRA’S PROSPERITY,


DURYODHANA’S DESTITUTION.
1.SAKUNI’S MIND GAME:
➢ Learned about Duryodhana’s intentions and
accompanied him in the way of assembly hall.
➢ Approached Dhritarashtra endued with great
wisdom.
➢ Told him about Duryodhana’s lost colour, had
become pale, emaciated, depressed and a
prey of anxiety
2. DHRITARASHTRA CONSOLES HIS SON:
➢ You wore the best apparel.
➢ Eat the best food that is prepared with the
meat.
➢ Best horse carries you.
➢ Costly beds, beautiful damsels, mansions
decked with excellent furniture and sport of
the delightful kind.
3.DURYODHANA’S JEALOUSY:
➢ Eat and dress like a wretch and passes time
all the while a prey to fierce.
➢ Incapable of bearing the pride of the foe.
➢ Who acts under compassion and fear never
obtain anything high.
➢ Prosperity of Kunti’s sons that is possessed of
such splendour marked me pale.
4.YUDHISHTHIRA’S PROSPERITY:
➢ Eighty-eight thousand Snataka Brahmanas
leading domestic lives.
➢ Giving each of them thirty slaves-girls
➢ Thousand other Brahmanas daily eat at his
palace in golden plates.
King of Kambhoja sent him innumerable
skins, black, darkish, and red, of deer Kadali,
numberless blankets of excellent textures.
➢ Hundreds and thousands of she-elephants
and thirty thousand she-camels wander within
the palace.
➢ The kings brought heap of jewellery and
gems.
➢ Hundreds of Brahmanas who possessed
wealth of kine (by Yudhishthira) waited at the
gate of palace with clarified milk in
handsome Kamandalus made of gold.
➢ Ocean himself brought his water in the
vessels of white copper for the nectar and
for flowers and annual plants of Sakra.
➢ Vasudeva brought excellent conch in
thousands of golden jars, all were adorned
with numerous gems.
➢ Hundred thousands Brahmanas were fed,
ever day conches blown in chorus.
5.SAKUNI AND KAURAVS’ PLAN FOR
GAMBLING:
After hearing Duryodhana, Sakuni replied “the
truth of Pandavas’ prosperity is their prowess
(skills)”.
➢ Told Dhritarashtra that he is an adept at dice
and superior to all in the world.
➢ He can ascertain the success of every throw,
when to stake and when not.
➢ Son of Kunti also fond of playing dice but
possesses little skill.
➢ Summoned to play, he surely come forward
and defeated repeatedly at every throw by
practising deception.
6. ARRANGEMENTS FOR DICING SCENE:
➢ Dhritarashtra’s love for his son, desisted him
to consult with Vidura about the dicing scene.
➢ He commanded his servants to employ
artificers and erect a delightful, handsome and
spacious palace with a hundred doors and a
thousand columns.
➢ Set jewels and stones on the walls.
7.VIDURA APPROACHED THE KING
➢ As soon as Vidura heard of it, knew the
arrival of Kali was at hand.
➢ The way of destruction was about to open.
➢ He reached to his elder brother
(Dhritarashtra) and bowing down into his feet.
➢ Told him that this gambling match may rise
dispute between children.
➢ But his elder brother assured him that no
dispute would arise let the friendly challenge
at dice proceed.
➢ Drona and Bhishma won’t let anything go
evil.
“HEARING THESE WORDS FROM
DHRITARASHTRA, VIDURA CONCLUDED
THAT HIS RACE WAS DOOMED AND IN
GREAT SORROW WENT TO BHISHMA WITH
GREAT WISDOM”.

SECTION 49
*Factors that allured Duryodhana*

Dhritrashtra ---- he din’t leave any stone unturned to resist duryodhana. Assured
him how benevolent vidhur has been consequently pay heed towards him and
stop being so impulsive . Moreover , he elaborated the morals and enormous
foresight power possessed by vidhura . Moving to the disastrous evil intention
dhritrashtra implied upon duryodhana to quit the idea of dicing as it might lead to
dissensions and that can cause ruin of the kingdom ultimately. He made him
realise all those materialistic things handed over by the eminent and sacred
ancestors. But conceiving no reply he finally persuaded duryodhana to spit out
the root of the grief that made me feel so melancholy.

Duryodhana ---- he straight forwardly exposed he had been envious of Pandu


putras as they embrace more than they deserved. Their prosperity made him
jealous to such an extent that he heralded himself as afflicted by their amenities .
Further , he said that all the jewels and gems yielding sea shores , the ocean and
numberless other regions have all acknowledged the superiority of Yudhisthira.
He complained of not even getting the glance of those valuable jewels that were
promised by Yudhishthira to be received by duryodhana.
Bhima burst into peals of laughter when duryodhana mistook the lake like surface
made of crystal as water and drew up my clothes . Duryodhana said he had lost
his head at the sight of their affluence and their making fun of him added fuel to
the fire when he fell into the a similar lake full of water . There were present
Bhima , Arjuna and draupadi who accompanied each other in laughing . Moreover
, when he was passing he made another mistake of taking door like structure as
the real door and collapsed after getting a jerk . He emphasised that his
humiliation was exceedingly heart piercing .
However Nakula and sahadeva behold him in their hands and demonstrated their
concern towards me . But Bhima said aloud,” I had not even heard of the names
of those gems that I saw in that mansion .” This made duryodhana’s heart ache
more.

SECTION 50
Duryodhana’s Jealousy

This section deals with how Duryodhana became jealous after seeing the wealth and prosperity
of the Pandavas.

1. Gifts from the King of kamboja

1.1 Blankets made of wool, of the soft fur of rodents and other
Burroughers, and of the hair of cats all inlaid with threads of
gold.

1.2 Three hundred horses of Titetti and the Kalmasha species


possessing noses like parrots.

1.3 He also gave three hundred she asses, all flattened with
olives and the pilusha.
2. Tribute paid by the Brahmanas

2.1 Hundred upon hundreds of Brahmanas possessing wealth of


kine and living upon the lands that Yudhishthra gave them,
came there with handsome golden Kamandalus filled with
clarified butter.

2.2 Hundred thousands of serving girls of the Karpasika country,


all of beautiful features, slender waist and luxuriant hair
decked in golden ornaments.

3. Presents given by King Bhagadatta

3.1 He gave a considerable tribute comprising of horses of the


best breed and possessing the speed of the wind.

3.2 A number of swords with handles made of the purest ivory


and well adorned with diamonds and every kind of gems.

4. Tribute by various tribes (The vrishis, harahunas, dusky tribes


of Himavat and many Nipas).

4.1 The people of Valhika gave him as tribute ten thousand


asses of goodly size, black necks and daily running two hundred
miles
4.2 They also presented numerous Blankets of woollen texture
manufactured in chin and numerous skins of the ranku deer
and clothes manufactured from jute and others woven with the
threads spun by insects.

4.3 They gave thousands of other clothes not made of cotton,


possessing the colour of the lotus and these were all of smooth
texture. They also gave soft sheep skins.

4.4 They gifted many sharp and long sucords and scimitars,
hatchets and fine edged battle exes manufactured in the
Western countries.

5.Gifts by the Sakas and Tukhatas


5.1 The Sakas, Tukhatas, Tukharas, Kankas and Romaks men with
horns bought with them as tribute numerous large elephants and ten
thousand horses, millions of gold.
5.2 Various kinds of jewels and gems, arrows long and short and
various other kinds of weapons.
SUMMARY :
At Indraprastha various Kings came to recognise Yudhishthra as the
most powerful king and pay tribute and offer exclusive gifts. Many
Kings gifted Yudhishthra much gold and silver. They appeared to offer
wealth consisting of both manufactures and produce of land which
made Duryodhana envious.
SECTION - 51
Large Mass Of Wealth

1.Being refused permission to enter

⮚ The mountain tribes having brought heaps of gold sweet honey


extracted from the flowers brought from the region of the
northern Kurus and diverse kinds of plants, but waited with their
heads bent down at the gate of king yudhishthir.

⮚ The kiratas brought with them heaps upon heaps of valuable skins
and gold and perfumes, ten thousands serving of their bown race
but still waited at the gate and being refused permission to enter

⮚ king(Duryodhan speaks) these and many others coming from


various regions brought jewels and gems unto this sacrifice.

⮚ The Sukaras gave many hundreds of excellent elephant, and virata


gave two thousands elephant deckedvin gold

2.Servants of pandavas

⮚ The servants of pandavas People for whom yudhishthir supplieth


food both cooked and uncooked.
⮚ Eighty eight thousands of snataka Brahamanas leading domestic
lives.

SUMMARY
In this section Duryodhana describes large mass of wealth consisting of
various kinds of tribute presented unto king yudhishthir, however they
are being refused to enter and waiting for permission of king
yudhishthir.
On the other hand king yudhishthir caring servants of the pandavas by
giving them shelter and food.

SECTION - 52
TITLE: - “PERFORMING OF THE RAJASUYA YAJNA”

1. Invitation to the kings and the gifts given

● Yudhishthira invited every prince and king to Indraprastha.

● The kings had brought excellent and valuable presents for him

● Dhaumya, Vyasa, Narada along with Asita’s son Devala performed


the ceremony of sprinkling the sacred water over the king.
● The ocean himself brought the conch of Varuna, which was
constructed with a thousand Nishkas of gold by Viswakarman, and
gave it to Yudhishthira.
2. Spread of dominion and Blowing of the conches

● Krishna anoints Yudhishthira with the ancient Varuna conch.

● The Pandavas had spread their dominions to the northern sea


where no one except the birds could ever go.
● When hundreds of conches brought from the northern sea were
blown off together, the weak kings fell down and even
Duryodhana was taken aback. The Pandavas however stood
strong and tall, and laughed at the condition of Duryodhana and
other kings.

3. Significance of the ceremony

● Yudhishthira performed the yajna, a symbol of the title “the ruler


of the world”.
● After the completion of the Rajasuya yajna, Yudhishthira attained
prosperity like the exalted Harishchandra.

4. Duryodhana felt jealous and humiliated

● Seeing Yudhishthira’s prosperity, Duryodhana felt jealous and did


not wish to live any longer.
● The rule of Dhritarashtra was gradually fading away and the
Pandavas were starting to dominate.
● All this induced immense grief and made Duryodhana pale and
emaciated.

SECTION-54

TITLE:-Duryodhana convincing Dhritrashtra for the game of dice

1.Duryodhan puts forward the following reasons to convince his father:-

● His sons and alies along with him are deemed to destruction if they don't
stop the Pandavas from prospering.

● Kings should always look after the interest of his own kingdom above
everything.

● The soul basis of a conduct ofa kshatriya should be atainment of success. It


dosent matter whether the means are virtuous or sinful.

● He gives the example of Indra who took Namuchi(anasur) into his


confidence by offering to be friends and later betrayed and killed him.

● Discontentment is the root of prosperity so he is right to covet the


prosperity of the Pandavas and he will be discontented till he makes it his own

● In order to bring prosperity to the oneself, we need snatch


prosperity away from our foes(pandavas)

2.In an atempt to manipulate Dhritrashtra against the Pandavas

● He says that any body who causes pain to one is a foe of the person, so
Pandavas are their foes as they have pained him (referring to the insult done by
the four pandavas in the Maya palace).
● A person with the same pursuit is sought to be one's foe and as Pandavas
and Kauravas both are pursuing prosperity of their kingdoms they can't be allies

● He threatens that the earth swallows up a peaceful king, the one who neglects a
growing foe meets with destruction.

● He also tries to emotionally manipulate his father by saying that he is so


tormented bythe growth of the Pandavas that he would either gain their
prosperity or laydown his life in the battlefield. His ambitions are more important
to him than his life because of his present state of mind.

SECTION NUMBER: 55

1. Sakuni’s Reassurance and Manipulation

● Sakuni here is seen challenging Yudhishthira, son of Pandu in a game of


dice.

● He calls for Yudhishthira to join him in the game where one with skill
shall vanquish the other with no skill.

● He carries onto describing the betting as his bow, the dice as his arrows,
the marks on them as his bow-string, and the dice-board as his car.

1.1 Duryodhana’s Appeal and conspiracy

● Duryodhana mentions about Sakuni, a skilled player who is ready to snatch the
prosperity of Yudhishthira through the means of dice when given the permission.
● Dhritarashtra here confesses to being obedient to his brother and will not take
any decision without consulting with him.

● Duryodhana begins manipulating Dhritarashtra by calling Vidura engaged in


doing goods to son of Pandu.

● He believes his feeling for them would be unjustified.

● He claims that Vidura will withdraw the proposition of the game.

● He says two minds doesn’t tend to agree with the same decision and so he
should not wait up for Vidura’s consult.

We now see Dhritarashtra express his concern about the game and that
how it has once started with end in pointed arrows and sharp swords.

2. Duryodhana’s Assurance

● Duryodhana now assures Dhritarashtra by telling him that:

● the game of dice was invented in the ancient times and it that there is no
destruction in it and nor there is any striking with weapons.

● He assures that his words are to be trusted upon and a command for speedy
construction of assembly house shall begin.

● Dhritarashtra in concern to this replies that his words doesn’t assure him as such
and asks for them to do what feels agreeable.

● He also warns them about the consequences who are acting upon the words of
Duryodhana.
● Vaisampayana now continues by saying that Dhritarashtra regarded fate to be
the supreme and unavoidable which certainly is not a good enough reason for
king to agree upon

● He then commands his men to carefully construct an assembly house of the


most beautiful description, to be called the crystal-arched palace with a
thousand columns, decked with gold and lapis lazuli, furnished with a hundred
gates, and full two miles in length and in breadth the same.

● Following to this we see Dhritarashtra commanding for Yudhishthira to be called


with his brother to play the friendly game of dice

Summary

In the given section, Sakuni is seen challenging Yudhishthira for a game of dice.
Following to this we see Duroyadhana manipulating Dhritarashtra to invite Yudhishthira
for the game but Dhritarashtra makes his statement of not taking any decision without
his brother Vidura.

Duroyadhana tells that Vidura is always engaged in doing good for son of Pandu and
that one shall make his decision on his own because two different minds for one opinion
will cause conflict.

We now see Duroyadhana assuring that the game of dice doesn’t involve any striking
weapons and was invented in the ancient times, thereby it is of no harm.

Convinced to this Vaisampayana orders for a construction of assembly house where the
game shall be played and then Dhritarashtra is seen commanding for Yudhishthira to be
brought to the assembly to play a friendly game of dice.

SECTION- 56
Title- Dhritrashthara and Vidura’s Quarrel
Vidura predicting the war

- Vaisampanyana describes Vidura as as “the foremost intelligent men.”

- He did not approve of Dhritarashtra inviting the Pandavas

- Vidura also feared that this act of Dhritarashtra can bring about the destruction of their
race.
-Warns Dhritarashtra that when his sons lose their unity, dissension will certainly ensue
among them.

Dhritarashtra not taking Vidura’s advice


- Dhritarashtra believed that fate was inevitable and that nothing humans do would change
what is supposed to happen.
- He refers to his quarrel with Vidura as a cause of grief.
-Dhritarashrtra says that the whole universe moves at the will of the Creator and invites the
Pandavas to his court.

Summary

-It is a short scene where we are foretold about the events that are going to follow. The
scene ends with Dhritarashtra commanding Vidura to invite the Pandavas for a game of dice.

SECTION : 57
TITLE: Pandavas receiving invitation and heading towards
hastinapore
1. VIDURA ARRIVAL AT CAPITAL OF PANDAVAS
● Vidura against his will went to capital of Pandavas.
● Was welcomed by Brahmans.
● On approaching Yudhishthira , was saluted by him.
● Vidura told him about the invitation from the king Dhritarashtra to
Pandavas for a match of dice.

2. CONVERSATION BETWEEN YUDHISHTHIRA AND VIDURA


● Vidura told Yudhishthira that he will see all gamblers and cheats at the
palace.
● Yudhishthira said that due to the match they may quarrel with the
Kauravas. He asked Vidura besides the sons of Dhritarashtra who all
are there for the match.
● Vidura told about Sakuni, Vivingati, King Chitrasena, Satyavrata,
Purumitra and Jaya.
● Yudhishthira said that everything is under the control of fate. He don’t
want to engage himself in gambling but if Sakuni challenges him then
he couldn’t refuse to it.

3. PANDAVAS DEPARTURE TO HASTINAPORE WITH VIDURA


● The king Yudhishthira along with his brothers, attendants and
Draupadi went to Hastinapore with Vidura.
● On reaching Hastinapore, Yudhishthira approched king Dhritarashtra,
Bhishma, Drona, Karna, Kripa, Duryodhana, Sakuni and all kaurava
brothers.
● Pandavas went to the chambers allotted to them adorned with jewels
and gems.
● In the morning Pandavas entered into the assembly house and were
saluted by all attendants there.

SECTION : 58
TITLE : Beginning to the game of Dicing
1. ENTRY OF PANDAVAS

● Yudhishthira, along with his brothers, entered the assembly house.


● Worshipping who deserved to be worshipped and giving salutations
according to age, they took their seats , which were made with fine
wood and covered with expensive, valuable carpets.
● When Sakuni saw that everyone had arrived , he asks to fix the
rules to the play to which Yudhishthira replies that deceitful
gambling is against the Kshatriya morals.

2. ARGUMENT BETWEEN SAKUNI AND YUDHISHTHIRA

● Yudhishthira also says that the best of Munis, Devala, instructed the
Pandavas that it was sinful to play deceitfully with a gamester.
● He calls war carried on without crookedness and cunning to be the act
of honest men , and also calls victory in battle the biggest sport and
doesn’t consider gambling a sport.
● Yudhishthira asks Sakuni to not take their wealth with deceit
which they could use for the benefit of the Brahmanas.

3. SAKUNI’S DENIAL TO STOP THE GAME

● Sakuni calls Yudhishthira’s urgency to call off the game of the dice as
desire of winning which is not a very honest move and also that
winning is the main motive in a competition
● He says that just as the Pandavas are skilled with weapons, he is
skilled in the game of dice. Everyone is interested in playing against
those who are weaker , be it in physical combat or a mental
strategy involving game .
● Sakuni warns Yudhishtra, if he feels that his motives are dishonest he
may desist from playing. Yudhishtra felt triggered and since he was
summoned with respect he couldn’t leave without playing.
● Yudhishtra asks about who his opponent will be , who will be able to
stake equally. To which Duryodhana that he will he will supply gems
and jewels but Sakuni would play for him.
● The play begins.

Summary : Yudhishtra is of the opinion that deceitful gambling is


sinful and doesn’t respect people who try to obtain victory through
strategy or wickedness. High class people are expected to be fair in
everything and not act like Mlechchas. He asks Sakuni to not root
them off the wealth that he could possibly use for the benefit of the
Brahmanas.
● Meanwhile Sakuni is of the opinion that it is purely the desire of

winning for which a person plays or fights or even forms a strategy .


And in the play of gambling players should worry about the staking at
dice that they might lose to their opponents. Yudhishtra finally agrees
to play . Dhritrashtra stands as his opponent and informs Yudhishthira
that Sakuni would play for him.
SECTION : 59

TITLE : Game has started


Here Vaisampayana is talking about the situation in the assembly hall
when the game was about to be started.

● He says : when the play begins all the kings who were with
Dhritarashtra took their seats in the assembly.
● Bharata, Bhishma, Drona, kripa and the honourable Vidura with
joyless heart sat behind.
● And those kings who were resembling a lion neck and filled with
great energy took their seats seperately or with a group on the
higher area of a beautiful seat.
● The mansion looked gorgeous with all the members sitting there
looking like a meeting held in the heaven itself.
● They all were knowledgeable and familiar with the Vedas sitting there
with a brave glorious wide eyes and a bright smile indicating joy.
● And O great king, finally the genial match of dice has started.
o And Now Yudhishthira talks about the excellent wealth of the
pearls with a great value that was extracted with a great effort
and care from the ocean by churning it.
o The pearls are extremely beautiful decorated with a pure
gold. Yudhishthira says O king , this pearl is my stake.
o And then he asks to Duryodhana, what is your stake? O great king,
the wealth with which you wish to play with me?
o Duryodhana says : I have many jewels and much wealth. But, I am
not proud of it. Now, throw the dice and we will see who is the
winner.
▪ And then Vaisampayana continues :
o Sakuni well-skilled at dice took up the dice and casting
them said to Yudhishthira, "Lo, I have won!”

SUMMARY

When the gambling match started. The hall was filled with all the
knowledgeable, powerful royal kings. Bhishma, Bharata, Drona, kripa and
Vidura took their seats but, they were not happy about the idea of playing
a gambling match. Dhritarashtra also took his seat with other members.
They all were thrilled, anxious and anticipated for the game to be started.
The Yudhishthira put a stake on an excellent wealth of pearls and
Duryodhana put stake on many jewels. Then, Sakuni took up the dice and
threw them in the air and said with an excitement “look, I have won!”
SECTION : 61
TITLE: Vidura puts his points in front of Dhritarashtra

1)Point of view may not be liked by the king.

2)Duryodhana's Jackal nature:


•Duryodhana's cry after birth prophesied him to be destructor of Bharata
race
•Poet Sukra said - those who collect honey in mountains, after receiving it
don’t notice their fall
•Maddened with dice play like the honey collector, he doesn’t see the
consequences

3)Unworthy princes:
•Andhakas, Yadavas and Bhojas united to kill Kansa
•Command Arjuna to kill Suyodhana and let Kurus be happy

4)Kavya told Asuras to abandon Jambha after birth:


•For good of a family, a member may be sacrificed
•For good of a village, a family may be sacrificed
•For good of a province, a village may be sacrificed
•For good of one's own soul, the whole earth may be sacrificed

5)Narrates the story of a foolish king:


•Had a no. of wild birds vomiting gold in his quarters
•Killed them because of his greed
•Destroyed both his present and future gains
•Just like him, Dhritarashtra should not prosecute Pandavas because of
his desire of profit otherwise he will have to repent later

6)Future actions for King:


•Nurture Pandavas with affection
•Warned that they can't fight Pritha's (Kunti) sons
•Shouldn’t bring himself and his sons in the hands of death

Summary: Vidura voiced out his thoughts to the king which may not be
appreciated by him. Duryodhana’s cry after his birth prophesied him to be
the destructor of the Bharata race. He is maddened with dice play and does
not see the consequence of his acts like the honey collector in the
mountains. King should command Arjun to kill Suyodhana and let Kurus be
happy. A sacrifice must be made for the good of a few. A foolish king blinded
by profit destroyed his present and future gains. Dhritarashtra should
nurture the Pandavas with affection. Nobody is capable enough to fight
them. The king should not bring himself and his sons in the hands of death.
SECTION : 62
TITLE: Gambling brings disunion

1. Vidura’s attempt at explaining the aftermath of gambling


▪ Vidura tells that gambling brings disunison and is the roots to big wars.

▪ It brings consequences that are not righteous.

▪ Despite knowing all this Duryodhana has created a feeling of hostility


in him.
▪ This will lead to the destruction of descendants of Pratipa and Santanu
and their allies of Vahilkas.
▪ Duryodhana will drive away all luck and prosperity from his kingdom
by doing.

2. Consequences after the gambling even if Duryodhana wins


▪ Even if Duryodhana wins, it will lead to a downfall and begin a war
which will only cause destruction of men.
▪ Gambling leads to dire results. This will only bring sadness among
everyone.
▪ Yudhishthira is closely related Duryodhana, has also not foreseen the
destruction.
▪ Vidura asks them to listen to this advice and to not enter into the
blaze of fire if they gamble.
▪ Ajatasatru is referred to Yudhishthira.

▪ Vrikodara is referred to Bheema.

▪ When the Pandavas will gamble with wrath, who will provide them
refuge.

3. The skills of Sakuni


▪ Suvala knows many immoral methods of gambling.

▪ Let Sakuni return.

▪ He asks them to not to fight with the sons of Pandu.


SECTION : 63
TITLE: Criticism of the truthful

1. Duryodhana’s opinion
● Duryodhana feels Vidura is always boasting of the fame of their
enemies, deprecating his sons.
● Duryodhana viciously rebukes Vidura, calling him ungrateful.
● He called him a serpent for betraying his own master.
● He criticised Vidura for not taking their side and joining hands with
their enemy.
● He does not want Vidura to meddle with other’s affairs.
● He feels that God is the ultimate controller of his fate, and everything
is going to happen according to him.
● Vidura according to him has become an enemy who seeks to control
others by force.
● He advised him in a friendly spirit to immediately extinguish the fire he
has set.
● One should not give shelter to people who betray and who are evil
minded.
● He feels that Draupadi is unchaste whoever she is well treated by his
husbands.

2. Vidura’s reciprocation

● Vidura was the only one who protested the humiliation of Draupadi in
the Kaurva court.
● Vidura reciprocates by saying that Duryodhana considers himself as
mature and intellectual and considers him as a child who is immature.
● He feels if you accept someone as friend one should be okay finding
fault in him.
● An evil man can never be brought to the path of righteousness like an
unchaste wife in the house of a respected person.
● Whether you disagree or agree it is my duty to tell you what he
necessarily wants the king to come to his senses and realise the fact
he always wanted good for the king and his kids.
SECTION : 65

TITLE: Draupadi's Humiliation and Vidura's Warning

1. DURYODHANA ASKS KSHATTA TO BRING DRAUPADI TO THE


SABHA

● Sakuni, who played for Duryodhana, had won the beautiful Draupadi
by unfair means at the game of dice.

● Having her in his custody now, Duryodhana asks Vidura to bring


Draupadi to the Sabha (court/assembly). He says that Draupadi should
now stay with his serving women and should sweep the chambers.

2. VIDURA WARNS DURYODHANA

● Vidura warns Duryodhana not to use such harsh words for Krishna
(Draupadi). He calls Duryodhana a deer who is attempting to provoke
tigers (Pandavas). The sons of Kunti should not be provoked, else he
would land in the region of Yama (death).

3. VIDURA'S ATTEMPT TO RESCUE DRAUPADI

● Vidura further says that according to his understanding, salvery does


not attach to Krishna, i.e., Draupadi because she was put at stake
AFTER king Yudhishthira had already lost himself in the game of dice.
4. WORDS OF VIDURA'S WISDOM

● The bamboo bears fruit only when it is about to die. Similarly,the


wealth of Pandavas that Duryodhana has won, should not be seen as
treasures because they will bring his last moments, as they have been
won in such a manner which is sure to bring about enmity and fearful
terrors.

● None should utter words disapproved by Vedas to annoy others and


burn their hearts. The sons of Kunti never use such words and should
therefore be treated respectfully, without hostility.

● He gives the example of a goat who once swallowed a hook and was
pierced by it. So the hunter placed its head on the ground and tore it's
throat to draw it out. Similar things might happen to Kurus if they
swallow the wealth of Pandavas.

5. VIDURA REPENTS

● Vidura says it's a matter of pity that Duryodhana does not know
dishonesty is one of the frightful doors of hell. Alas! Many of the Kurus
with Dussasana (Duryodhana's brother) alongside have followed
Duryodhana on this path of dishonesty.
● Since Duryodhana's temptation is on the increase and he is bent on
not taking the counsel of Vidura, he will be the cause of destruction of
the Kuru race.

SUMMARY :-
Duryodhana, in his blind pride, asks Draupadi to be brought before the court
and says she should now work and stay as his other serving women. Vidura
intervenes and warns him not to provoke the mighty Pandavas, and not to
engage in sinful acts because it might result in the destruction of the Kuru
race. He says that Draupadi remains free because Yudhishthira put her at
stake after losing himself, so at that time he was the master of no one. He
advises Duryodhana not to speak harsh words for the sons and daughter-in-
law of Pandu. But he does not listen to him, as he has the support of
Dussasana and many other Kauravas. Therefore, we see Vidura repenting
because he knew the fearful consequences of Duryodhana's greed.
SECTION : 66
TITLE: Summoning of Draupadi to the Assembly

1. Pratikamin is instructed to call Draupadi to the assembly


● He informs her about the dicing game and Duryodhana’s victory

● she expresses disbelief and anger

● instructs Pratikamin to ask if she was staked first or Yudhishthira

● Pratikamin poses Draupadi’s questions to a silent assembly.

● Duryodhana asks Draupadi to come to the assembly and ask her


questions herself.
● She repeatedly deflects coming to the assembly asking various
questions
● Duryodhana angrily asks Dussasana to bring Draupadi
2. Yudhishthira’s message
● Sends a trusted messenger

● Tells Draupadi to weep in front of elders


3. Dussasana drags Draupadi to the assembly
● she tries to run away
● He then grabs her by her hair dragging her to the assembly

● Forces her to follow him ruthlessly

● Coldly dismisses her pleas


4. Draupadi’s plight
● crying and trembling- pleads to Dussasana

● she’s menstruating and attired in only one piece of clothing

● her attire gets loosened and hair disheveled

● Draupadi warns him- she is being wronged and will be avenged

● Dussasana remains merciless

● She is repeatedly called the Kauravas’ ‘slave’


5. Draupadi’s appeal
1. questions Yudhishthira’s right to put her at stake in a game
2. claims he must have been intoxicated by the game to make such
reckless decisions
3. insists if he lost himself first it wasn’t up to him to put her at
stake
4. appeals to the elders- Bhishma feels conflicted
5. Dussasana continues to humiliate her

Summary:
As instructed, the Pratikamin goes to Draupadi and informs her of the
situation. Shocked and angry, Draupadi asks Pratikamin to go back to the
assembly and ask if she was staked first or Yudhishthira. In the assemble,
however, Duryodhan insists she come and ask her questions herself. This
back and forth happens a couple of times before Dussasana storms off to
drag Draupadi by himself. Helpless, Draupadi pleads to Dussasana telling
him how she’s menstruating and attired in only one piece of clothing. He
coldly dismisses all her pleas. With her hair deshelled and clothes loosened,
a helpless Draupadi is humiliated in front of the assembly mercilessly. She
appeals to the members, questions their morality, insists it wasn’t
Yudhishthira’s right to put her at stake. However, Dussasana remains
merciless.

SECTION : 67

TITLE: The divine intervention


1. Bheema supporting Draupadi
● Bheema has been shown trying to convince Yudhishthira, his
elder brother and the responsible king, to not stake Draupadi
in the game of dice as they might lose her in the hands of
obnoxious Kauravas just the same way they lost other
valuable things and even their kingdom.
● Bheema reckons Draupadi as an innocent girl undeserving of
an unjust treatment especially when she has received
Pandavas as her lords.
● His tone slowly changes to one of anger as he calls the act of
staking Draupadi as ‘highly improper’. He compares the
present situation to the gamblers who have many women in
their houses, yet they never stake them out of mercy.
● Arjun recognizes the flame of anger burning inside Bheema.
He therefore advices him to practice his highest morality as to
lose one’s morality in front of the enemies will only benefit
and satisfy the enemy.

2. Vikarna favouring Draupadi


● Vikarna, the son of Dhritarashtra, and one of the Kauravas,
tried to protect Draupadi. He is simply saying what he
considers right and proper.
● He announces in the assembly that he regards Draupadi as
‘not won’ by the Kauravas. He further states how the
Pandavas were urged by the deceitful gamblers to stake the
innocent Draupadi.
● His act of saying the right thing despite belonging to the
opposite party makes Vikarna a man of morals and dharma.

3. Karna adding fuel to the fire


● Karna, the son of Radha, is not pleased with Vikarna’s
judgement.
● As a result, Vikarna gets much criticism from Karna, who is
unhesitant to call him an immature boy, trying to act
mature in the assembly.
● Karna makes the situation even worse by encouraging the
disrobement of Draupadi in front of the whole assembly.
● To further express his disapproval on the matter of
declaring Draupadi as not won, he insults Draupadi by
calling her an unchaste woman who has five husbands. He
considers it to be a fine excuse to disrespect her Infront of
many men.
● Karna reasons himself by counting Draupadi as one of the
possessions of the Pandavas that has been lost in the
game, ‘justly’ won by the Kauravas.

4. The miracle
● Dushasana begins to act as per Karna’s order and advice.
He forcibly seizes Draupadi’s attire and tries to take it off
her body.
● At that very moment, poor Draupadi begins to cry for help,
remembering Krishna, she calls out his various names
aloud in the assembly. Hari, Govinda, Lord of Vrindavana
and the soul of the universe. She desperately asks for his
help, stating her humiliation in the hands of Kauravas.
● Krishna, who heard the words of the poor woman, was
deeply moved. Hence, he immediately reached the
assembly barefoot, unseen, and covered her with clothes
uncountable.
● As soon as the evil Dushasana became successful in
removing one attire, another one appeared, covering her
body. and the cycle of removing and appearing of various
attires continued. This left Dushasana extremely exhausted
and ashamed.
● The extraordinary miraculous scene impressed everyone in
the assembly, and they all applauded for Draupadi.

5. Bheema’s oath
● Bheema becomes absolutely infuriated upon witnessing
Draupadi in that miserable state.
● He very loudly took the oath to tear open the breast of the
abominable Dushasana in the battlefield and drink his life
blood in order to avenge for the humiliation that Draupadi
suffered.

Summary
Krishna showed compassion to Draupadi by answering her call for help.
Bheema shows courage as he stands by Draupadi’s side. Dushasana
becomes target of Bheema’s anger due to his actions. Draupadi’s faith
saves her. Vikarna gains respect from many for his mature take on
Draupadi’s treatment but his opinion is dismissed by the unsatisfied Karna.

SECTION : 68
TITLE: Kuru’s Dignity in the court

1. The helplessness of Draupadi

● Had not performed the act of high duty


• Still forced by Dussasana
• Was dragged to the assembly
• Saluted the seniors of the Kurus
• Fell down on the ground and wep

2. Draupadi’s remarks of herself

• Was never seen by the Sun but exposed to the crowd


• Was never touched by the Wind but touched by Dussasana’s arms

3. Draupadi’s questions to everyone

• Being high-born and chaste then why was


humiliated in the public court

● Why Kuru’s daughter-in-law afflicted in their


own assembly

● Wives never brought to the court by kings


before then why she

● How Pandavas' wife, sister of Prishata’s son,


friend of Vasudeva brought forcefully to the
assembly
● Asked how she can be a serving-maid

● Asked the kings if she is regarded as won or


unwon

4. Bhishma’s views and response

● Said the course of morality is subtle

● Said strong man’s morality is regarded but weak man’s isn’t

● Was unable to answer Draupadi’s questions

● Said destruction of Kurus is near

● Asked Draupadi to question Yudhishthira.


SECTION : 69
TITLE: King Yudhisthira the just or a liar
1. Speechless assembly and Draupadi’s affliction-
● Everyone in the assembly hall beheld Draupadi crying and
suffering but no one uttered a word because of the fear of
Duryodhana.
2. Duryodhana’s words for yajnaseni ( Draupadi)
● Duryodhana asks Draupadi to get the answer of her
question from her husbands .
● He says that if mighty Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula and Sehdev
declare that Yudhisthira is not there lord
(which would make Yudhisthira a liar) then draupadi
would be freed from slavery.
● Hearing Duryodhana’s words the assembly hall echoed
with applauds .Some of them were shouting approvingly
whereas sounds of distress were also heard.
● Everyone became curious to hear what mighty sons of
Pandu would say.
3. Bhimasena’s words for virtuous Yudhishthira
● Bhima says that if righteous Yudhisthira had not been our
lord then Pandavas would never forgive Kurus. He further
says that Yushisthira is the lord of their religion, merits and
even there lives.
● Bhima adds that there is no creature present in this world
who could escape from him after touching the locks of
Panchali. It is impossible for one to run away if once caught
by his iron strong arms but He is bounded by the virtues of
his meritorious brother Yudhisthira
● After this Bhishma, Drona, and Vidura try to calm Bheema
down and the section ends here.

SECTION -70

TITLE: BIGGENING OF THE END


1.KARNA’S IMPUDENCEY:
• Criticizes The Elder trio - Bhishma,Vidura and Drona for favoring Bhima
• His opinion- "Slave, son and wife are always dependent..belong to their master."
• Shows audacity to order Panchali – “ repair now to inner apartments of sons of
Dhritarashtra. We direct that this is your proper business.”
• Hurls insults on pandavas ,asks Draupadi to select another husband
• “husbands that are slave can’t continue to be thy lords any longer"
• “O handsome one,select thou another husband now , who will not make thee a
slave by gambling"
• Mocking at Yudhisthira-"..he offered this daughter of Drupada, in presence of all
assembly, as a stake at dice
• Bhima seething in anger , unwillingly complies with karna-" could our enemies
have said so unto me, if thou hadst not played staking this princess?”
2. DURYODHANA'S INSOLENT ACT:

• Sarcastically addresses Yudhisthira as king – “ O King, answer thou question. Sat,


whether you regard Krishna as unwon"
• Takes advantage of Yudhisthira’s silence to offend Draupadi
• “desirous of favoring Karna and insulting Bhima, uncovers his left thigh”
• Bhima quivers in rage- the terrific vow to break the leg of Duryodhan in battle.

3. VIDURA'S INTERVENTION :

• Let all Kauravas judge whose master he could be after Addresses the nobles in
assembly as “Pratipa's race"
• Foretells destruction of dynasty- “know ye for certain that this great calamity ,
threatened to overtake Bharatas hath been sent by destiny itself”
• Refutes the logics of Kauravas – “ if , however a person had staked anything at a
time when he himself is incapable of holding wealth, to win its like obtaining
wealth in a dream.”
• Duryodana put forwards condition – “ let other pandavas say
Yudhisthira is not their master and yajnaseni will then be freed."
• Arjuna complies with Vidura, leaves answer open-ended – “ but having lost himself
(Yudhisthira).”

4. DHRITARASHTRA ALARMED :
• Bad omens occur- cry of jackal, braying asses, terrible bird sounds
• Bhishma , Drona & Gautama alarmed – “all three loudly cried- swasthi ! swasthi !”
• Vidura & Gandhari warn Dhritarashtra
• Dhritarashtra chastises Duryodhana

5. SUPERFICIAL REDEMPTION :

• Dhritarashtra consoles Draupadi - asks for boons


• Draupadi's Righteous Choice
First boon- Freedom of Yudhisthira along
with their cars& bows Second boon
Freedom of other Pandavas

• Draupadi refuses third boon, quotes the scriptural injunction


• Preserves the self respect of Pandavas by not demanding the lost kingdom
• “o king these my husbands Freed from wretched state of bandage, will be able to
achieve prosperity by their own virtuous acts.”

SUMMARY

The section starts in the pretext of question asked by Draupadi . Karna insults Bhishma's
opinions and says that he regards women as always dependent on her husband . He
further insults pandavas calling them slaves and asks Draupadi to reconsider the
proposal of marrying any of the sons of Dhritarashtra. Duryodhana further shows the
audacity by shamelessly uncovering his left thigh in front of chaste Draupadi. Bhima
takes the terrible vow to break that same leg of Kuru Prince in the battlefield.

Vidura intervenes to warn the assembly and counters Duryodhana by stating that
Draupadi wasn't rightful property of Yudhisthira who staked her when he himself was a
slave. However Vidura's words of concern fall in deaf ears as Duryodhana demands
answers from pandavas. Several bad omens appear as Arjuna replies to Duryodhana.
Alarmed, the king looped on to last moment damage minimization by asking Draupadi
for boons. Draupadi frees the pandavas in the two boonsand refuses the third one
stating that the prowess of her husbands will automatically enable them to regain
whatever was lost in the deceitful gambling match.

SECTION-71
TITLE:DRAUPADI UNLEASHED
1.KARNA SAYS:-
• He never heard of any act as of Draupadi performed by
any other women in the world for beauty.
• According to Karna Draupadi was already a shameless
women for having five husbands so it wouldn’t be a sin and
big deal for her getting naked in front of all.

• Karna believed that both the Pandavas and Kauravas were


filled with anger for each other but Draupadi
preserved the Pandavas from ruining them in this wrath.

• So Draupadi came as a boat for Pandavas in the huge


ocean of distress and took them safely to the shore.
Vaisampayana said:-

• That the Pandavas were indeed saved by their wife Draupadi.

2.BHIMASENA TO ARjUNA:
• Bhimasena in great sorrow said to Arjuna that there are
three lights that reside in every person namely offspring,
acts and learning and from these three have sprung
creation.
• When there life becomes extinct and body impure and and is
cast off by relatives these three become of service to
everyone but the light in us is already dimmed because of
this henious act of insult to our wife.
• At last, Bheem asks Arjuna that how can a son born from our
insulted wife will be servicable for us?

3.ARjUNA REPLIES TO BHIMASENA:-


• Superior persons never prate about harsh words that may or
may not be uttered by inferior men.
• Superior persons earn respect for themselves, and never
retaliate even if they can, they only remember the good
deeds done by their enemies not the acts of hostility. Bhima
says:-

• Shall I , O King kill all these enemies gathered together


without loss of time or shall I destroy them by the roots or
what is the need of words or command, I shall kill all these
now and rule the world without a rival.
• After saying this Bhima along with his brothers was looking
like a lion in the midst of a herd of inferior animals
with repeatedly casting angry glances.

• However, Arjuna with white deeds and appealing


looks tried to pacify his elder brother

Bhima's anger and Yudhishthira’s calmness:- ➔ The mighty-armed


Bheema endued with great prowess began to burn with the fire of
his wrath.

• Fire began to issue out of Vrikodara's ears and other senses,


his face became terrible, his brows were furrowed like those
of Yama at the time of the
universal destruction.

• Yudhishthira forbade him by embracing him with his arms


and telling him ‘ Be not so. Stay in silent and peace.’

• And after pacifying the mighty one he approached his uncle


Dhritarashtra with hand joined in entreaty.

SUMMARY:
The section starts with Karna saying that Draupadi can’t be a honourable women as she
has relationships with five men! And such women are called harlots! Whether such
women are clothed or not makes absolutely no difference. He also said that when the
sons of Pritha and the sons of Dhritarashtra were raging in anger, Draupadi brought
solace. Draupadi saved the Pandavas who were going to be slaves forever by asking for
their freedom in her boons. The Pandavas were immersed and drowning Panchali
became their boat and brought them safely ashore. Vaisampayana also believed that
the Pandavas were indeed saved by Draupadi. Bhima says to Arjun that there are three
lights that reside in every person namely offspring, acts and learning and have sprung
creation from these when life becomes extinct and body becomes impure and is
discarded by everyone these three become servicable for everyone but the light in us is
dimmed already because of this henious act to our wife, he also asks Arjuna that how a
son born from our insulted wife will be servicable for us? Arjun says to Bhima that
superior persons never prate about harsh words uttered by inferior men, they earn
respect for themselves and never retaliate, they only remember the good deeds of
their enemies. Bhima asks king Dhritarashtra that shall he kill all his enemies and rule
this world without a rival? He was looking like a lion in the midst of a herd of inferior
animals with his angry glances. Arjuna tried to pacify him with his appealing looks.
Bhima was burning with the fire of his wrath, fire was issuing out of his ears and other
senses, his face had become terrible and brows were furrowed like of Yama at the
time of universal destruction. Yudhishthira forbaded him, embraced him and told him
to stay in silent and peace. And after pacifying his brother he approached his uncle
Dhritarashtra with hands joined in entreaty.

SECTION -72
TITLE : DHRITRASHTRA’S ADVICE

1."YUDHISHTHIRA ASKED KINg TO


COMMAND KURUS”:
• Dhritarashtra instruct Yudhishthira to go with ease and to rule his own kingdom
with wealth. Dhritarashtra tells Yudhishthira about his qualities-
• He possess great wisdom.
• His art is also humble.
• The path of morality is also known by him. Furthermore, Dhritarashtra define how
quality of good people are different from the qualities of bad ones which are
• Good men never acts According to the hostility of their foes.
• Inspite of having their own state of feelings they can understand the feelings of
others.
• They work for others without any expectations from them.
On the flip side worst people use harsh words in quarrelling also the don't care about
feelings of others.
SUMMARY:
To recapitulate people behold only merits and remember good deeds of their foes and
not the act of hostility of their foes .Kurus have Yudhishthira as their ruler and Vidura as
their counsellor. In kurus, in Yudhishthira is virtue, in Arjuna is patience, in Bheemasena
is poweress and in Nakula & Sahadevais pure reverence for superior. At last
Dhritarashtra blessed Yudhishthira and asked him to return to

Khandavaprastha. Then, Yudhishthira set out with his brothers for khandavaprastha.
And accompanied by Draupadi with joyful hearts they all set out for the best city which
is known as Indraprastha.

SECTION – 73
TITLE: DURYODHANA’S NEW PLAN

• Janmejaya asks Vaisampayana about how Kauravas feeling.

• Dhritarashtra returned everything to Pandavas .

• Dussasana goes to Duryodhana immediately .

• Dussasana pours out his grief about their father’s decision to his brother .

• Duryodhana comes up with a new plan.

1.DURYODHANA’S SUggESTION TO
DHRITARASHTRA:
• Duryodhana, Karna and Sakuni go to Dhritarashtra .

• They persuade the King by saying pleasing yet tactful words.

• Saying Pandavas hated them after the game .

• And would avenge them, if given chance.

• They persuaded the King by saying that with the Pandavas’ wealth they can rule
over the Earth
• Duryodhana puts forward a suggestion to the King.

• He suggests inviting the Pandavas to another game of dice .

• Where the loser will be exiled to the woods for 12 years.

• Additionally 1 year in incognito .


• If recognized 12 more in exile .

• He says that they’ll gather enough alliance by then.

• Even if Pandav’s succeeded in following the vow .

• Persuaded Dhritarashtra invites Pandavas for another match.

2.CONVINCINg THE KINg:

•Drona ,Somadatta,Valhika ,Gautama ,Vidura , Ashwatthama etc. try to persuade the


king against giving his atrocious order .

• They beg him to let there be peace.

3.DHRITARASHTRA’S PARTIALITY:

• But Dhritarashtra ignores their advice and summons the Pandavas


• Due to his partiality toward his sons.
SECTION-74
TITLE: VIDURA’S PREDICTION ABOUT

DURYODHANA

BACKGROUND: The scene starts when Gandhari addresses king


Dhritarashtra about what Vidura said when Duryodhana was born.

1. BAD OMENS:

● There were many bad omens that took place after the birth of Duryodhana.

● He cried repeatedly and dissonantly like a jackal.

2.VIDURA’S ADVICE:

● Vidura advised Dhritarashtra that he should kill Duryodhana as he will prove the
destruction of their race.
● Vidura quoted “O Bharata ,sink not,for thy own fault,into an ocean calamity.”

● He also said that the king should think about saving the life of his ninety-nine sons
by sending Duryodhana to the other world.
● He said before the parental affection comes in between Duryodhana should be sent
to another world.

● He concluded his words by saying “That prosperity which is acquired by the aid of
wicked acts,soon destroyed;while that which is won by mild means taketh root and
descendth from generation to generation.”
3.DHRITARASHTRA’S RESPONSE:

● He stated that if the end of our race has come,let it take place freely.
● He is ill able to prevent it.
● Let his son do what they desire,let the pandavas return.and his son again gamble
with sons Of Pandu

SUMMARY:-
Girdhari told king Dhritarashtra that Viduara told the king to kill Duryodhana to save
their race because of the bad omens and he believed Duryodhana will prove to be the
end of their race.Dhritarashtra responded that he is helpless and if the end of their race
has come , let it take place freely.

SECTION 75

TITLE : THE SECOND GAME OF DICING AND


THE STAKES

1.PANDAVAS RECALLED FOR THE gAME:


• Duryodhana expresses the fear that pandavas May now try to annihilate them.
• Kaurava selders and Gandhari protests
• Dhritrashtra still agrees, and send saroyal messenger to bring them.

2.YUDHISHTHIRA FOLLOWS THE COMMAND:


• Bounded by the law he cannot disobey king’s words
• Agrees to play again knowing that this will bring ruin • Comes to the hall along
with his brothers and Draupadi.

3.THE STAKES OF SHAKUNI:


• Shakuni explains that the losing party should
Pass thirteen years in the forest

• Twelve years in open and one year incognito


• If recognized in the thirteen thy earthey will have To return to forest to live for
another twelve year.

4.CASTINg OF DICE:
• Knowing the foul play of shakuni yudhisthira accepted the proposal
• Shakuni took up the dice and Yudhishthira loses
In the game of dice.

SECTION 76
TITLE: DEPRIVED PANDAVAS INTO THE
EXILE
1.EXILE INTO THE WOODS:
• The sons of Pritha were sent to exile into the woods.
• They are casting off their Royal Robes, attiring themselves in Deer-Skins.
• The sons of Pritha were deprived of their kingdom.

2.WORDS OF DUSSASANA:
• He exclaimed that the sovereignty of the illustrious king Duryodhana had
commenced.
• He thought on becoming superior to their foes, whether they became
praiseworthy of the men.
• He compared the Pandavas as grains of sesames without kernel and
criticized them.
• He compared the Pandavas as people installed in sacrifices.

3.UNFORTUNATE ACT OF YAjNASENA:


• He tried to persuade his daughter to abandon the Pandavas who are
deprived of their wealth and power.
• He presented the kurus and told her daughter to choose one amongst
them as her husband.

4. BHIMA’S RAgE TOWARDS DUSSASANA:


• Dussasana’s harsh word outraged Bhima.
• He approached the king like a Himalayan lion upon a jackal.
• He threatened the king to pierce his heart and slay him in battle along
with his followers .

5.PANDAVA’S DEPARTURE FROM ASSEMBLY:


• Ecstatic Duryodhana mimiced the playful leonine trade of Bhima.
• Bhima before leaving told that he will slay Duryodhana, and Dhananjaya
will slay Karna, and Sahadeva will slay Sakuni.
• Bhima also told to slay Duryodhana with his mace and drink his blood like
a lion if they ever engage in battle with the kurus.

6.ARjUNA’S WRATH:
• He vowed to slay Karna with his arrows.
• He will send the other kings to Yama who will fight against him.
• He also added that if they are not given their kingdom on the fourteenth
year he will plunge them into calamities.

7.FINAL WORDS OF NAKULA AND SAHADEVA:


• The son of Madri, Sahadeva with eyes red in anger told that they are not
actually defeated but are like sharppointed arrows who eventually will
slay them in the battle field.
• Nakula told that he will send all wicked sons of Dhritarashtra to the abode
of Yama ,who offended Draupadi at the gambling match.
SUMMARY:

Deprived of wealth and power, the Pandavas were sent to exile into the
woods. Dussasana mentioned about the sovereignty of Duryodhana and
compared the foes with people installed in sacrifices. Yajnasena tried to
persuade her daughter to marry the Kurus. Bhima outraged by the words of
Dussasana approached him in anger and threatened to pierce his heart in
battlefield. Arjuna following by the words of Bhima vowed to slay Karna with
his arrows. Eventually Sahadeva and Nakula said that they will send the wicked
sons of Dhritarashtra to abode of Yama for offending Draupadi.

SECTION- 77

TITLE: THE PANDAVAS DEPART FROM


HASTINAPUR
1.YUDHISTRA TAKES HIS LEAVE:
• Yudhishthira sets out and bids his farewell to Dhritarastra, Bhishma, Drona,
Kripa and others.
• Everyone present in the assembly hall was filled with shame but no one was
able to utter a word due to the fear of Duryodhana.
• They prayed for Yudhishthira within their hearts and wished for his welfare.

2.VIDURA’S WORDS FOR YUDHISHTHIRA:


• Vidura says that as Kunti was a princess from birth she shall not go to the
forest, and vows to protect her like his own mother.
• Yudhishthira agreed with Vidura and said they’ll follow any of his orders as he’s
respected by them.
• Vidura further says that one who has been defeated by sinful acts should not be
distressed by that.
• Vidura adds that Dhananjaya will be victorious in battle, Bhimasena will kill his
enemies ;Nakul will gain great wealth;and Sahadeva will obtain his goals so they
need not to fear anything.
• Vidura blesses The Pandavas and hopes that they obtain the power of
gladdening from moon, sustaining from water, forbearance from earth ,
strength from earth and affluence from other elements.
• Vidura asks for his leave and wishes for their safety and hopes that the
Pandavas stand victorious.

SUMMARY :
Yudhishthira and The Pandavas bid their farewell unto the elders and promises to see
them when they return. Though filled with shame none of the people present here
could say anything but they still prayed for the prince.

Vidura asks The Pandavas to let Kunti stay in Hastinapura as she’s a princess from birth
and it’s not okay for her to go with them in exile. Yudhishthira agreed as Vidura is wise
and is highly respected by him. He adds that The Pandavas are attached to one another
and can overcome any difficulties together, so people are envious of them. He blesses
The Pandavas and asks for leave.

This concludes the scene and Pandavas left Hastinapura.


SECTION- 78
TITLE: ON THE EVE OF THE JOURNEY:

1.VAISAMPAYANA NARRATINg:

• Draupadi was about to set out she went unto Pritha and solicited her leave.
• There arose within the inner apartments of the Pandavas a loud wail of woe.
And Kunti, terribly afflicted upon beholding Draupadi on the eve of her journey.

2.KUNTI’S gRIEF OF DRAUPADI:


Kunti to Draupadi,
• Don’t grieve that this calamity has overtaken her, as shes doing the duties of a
female kind.
• The Kauravas are fortunate that they aren’t burnt by your anger, my blessings
are with you
• While living in the woods, keep thy eye on Sahadeva. See that his heart does
not sink under this great calamity.

3.VAISAMPAYANA CONTINUES...
• Draupadi, cried, and left with blood stain on her one piece of cloth, and
disheveled hair, as her mother-in-law, kunti, follows her.
• Kunti, hadn’t gone far as she saw her sons shorn of their ornaments and robes,
their bodies clad in deerskins, and their heads down with shame.
• She beheld her sons, while they were surrounded by rejoicing foes, and pitied
friends; empowered with parental affection, she embraced her sons.

4.KUNTI’S WORDS TO PANDAVAS:


• You all are virtuous and good-mannered, and adorned with all excellent
qualities andrespectful behavior, high-minded, and engaged in the service of
your superiors. Then how has this calamity overtaken you?
• I don’t know by whose wickedness you all are in this trouble, and this must be
due to my ill fortune.
• She later questioned their excellency, how can you all lose your wealth,
possession, and live poorly in the woods?
• She said, if she knew earlier that there future was to live in the woods,she
would’ve never came from Satasringa, to Hastinapur.
• She continued, your father was fortunate that he truly reaped the fruit of his
asceticism, and he was gifted with foresight, as he entertained the wish of
ascending heaven, without having to feel any pain on account of his sons
• Madari, who had, it seems, a fore-knowledge of what would happen and who
on that account, obtained the high path of emancipation and every blessing
there with., she looked upon me as her stay, and her mind and her affections
were ever fixed on me.
• Kunti insisted that she will come with them
• She begged Krishna to show the pandavas some mercy.

5.VAISAMPAYANA EXTENDED:
• The Pandavas then consoled their weeping mother and with
hearts plunged in grief set out for the woods.
• Vidura himself also much afflicted, consoling the distressed
Kunti with reasons, and led her slowly to his house.
• Ladies of Dhritarashtra's house, hearing everything as it
happened, viz., the exile (of the Pandavas) and the dragging of
Krishna into the assembly where the princes had gambled,
loudly wept censuring the Kauravas.
• King Dhritarashtra also thinking of the dangers that
threatened his sons, became a prey to anxiety and could not
enjoy peace of mind. And anxiously meditating on everything,
and with mind deprived of its equanimity through grief.
• He sent a messenger unto Vidura, saying, 'Let Kshatta come to
me without a moment's delay.'
"At this summons, Vidura quickly came to Dhritarashtra's
palace. And as soon as he came, the monarch asked him with
great anxiety how the Pandavas had left Hastinapore."

SECTION- 79
TITLE: AFTER THE DEPARTURE OF PANDAVAS

1.VIDURA CAME TO DHRITARASHTRA WITH gREAT FORSIgHT:

• Dhitarastra Timidly asked about The Pandvas


• Vidura replied About Condition Of Pandvas
• Yudhishthira had gone away covering His face With his cloth
• Arujna had gone away spreading sand grains around
• Bhima had gone away Looking his own mighty Arms
• Sahadeva had gone away besmearing his Face And Nakula had
gone away Staining Himself with dust
• Draupadi had gone away ,covering her face with her
dishevelled hair.
2. VIDURA gAVE MEANINg BEHIND SUCH VARIED gUISE OF
PANDAVAS:

• Vrikodara’s(Bhima) Stretching Arms Indicating His desire to


destroy Kauravas
• Arujna’s Spreading sand grains indicating to rains his arrows
on his foes In Battle Ground
• Draupdi’s such varied guise indicating deprived of Entire kurus
Feminine from their relatives.

3.THE PARENTIAL AND RISHI’S gUIDELINES TO


KAURAVAS:

• On Fourtheenth Year Pandvas Will Came And Destroy


Kauravas.
• Drona Addressed Kauravas About Power Of Pandavas
• Drona Also Addressed About Drupada and His Son And Their
Mights
• All Parential Bodies in Assembly Warned Kauravas about Their
Future Destructions
• Dhritarashtra Said To bring back The Pandavas.
SUMMARY:

After Losing The game of dicing, Pandavas deprived from Their


kingdom And
Possessions And Gone To Exile,Vidura Came Unto King
Dhritarashtra .The King
Asked to Vidura About Sons Of Pandus, Vidura Replied To King That
The Yudhishthria Had Gone Away Covering His Face with cloth ,Bhima
Gone away with Stretching his Arms and arujna With Spreading Sand
grains ,Nakula and Sahadeva with great affliction In their
Hearts.Krishna (Draupadi) Had gone Away With Great Grief And
Dishevelled hairs .
Vidura Also Gave Meaning about This Varied Guise of Pandavas Like
Bhimas
Stretching Arms Indicating His desire To Destroy Kauravas with His
Arms And
Arjuna’s spreading grains Indicating That He will Rains his arrows In
Battle Ground On his Foes with ease .Draupadi’s Dishevelled hair
Indicating Deprive of Entire Kuru’s Faminine From their Relatives.The
Celestial Rishis Warned Whole assembly About The Destructions Of
Whole Kurus In Fault of Duryodhna
.
The Drona Addressed Kauravas about Him and His Childhood Friend
Drupada
,Now Who is his Enemy .He said That Drupada Have a Fire Son
Dhrishtadyumna
To Take Revenge From Me. Drona Also told Kauravas about pandavas
power And Also The Aided Ascetic Power of Yaja And Upayaja in
Dhrishtadyumna.Drona Suggest Duroyadhna To do that thing That Is
beneficial to kauravas.After Hearing all These Things Dhritarashtra
Told That To Bring Back The Pandavas With Respect and Great
Affections.

SECTION -80
TITLE: AFTER PANDVAS’ EXILE

1.DHRITARASHTRA IN ANXIETY:

• Pandavas was sent to exile,but Dhitarashtra was struck in anxiety.


• Worried about the war with the much powerful Pandavas.
• Sanjaya’s description :
I. Cause of all these is the action of Duryodhana.
II. Bad times cause man to behold good in evil and evil in good.
2.DRAUPADI INSULTED:

• They were robbed of their wealth,kingdom,even their attire,beauty and every


enjoyment.

After effects :

⮚ Brahmanas did not perform their usual Agnihotra ceremony.

⮚ Reason: enraged by the ill treatment of Draupadi.

⮚ Winds blew mightily like in universal dissolution.

⮚ Terrible thunderstorm

⮚ Meteors fell from the sky,Rahu swallowed the sun.

⮚ Jackals cried frightfully.

⮚ Bhishma,Drona, Kripa, Somadatta and Vahlika left the assembly.

3.DHRITARASHTRA’S CONCLUSION :

• Pandavas will not forgive the act of insulting Panchali.


• Bhimasena and Arjuna with Vasudeva will completely destroy them.
• Sons of Pandu are always stronger than the Kurus.
• Better to be at peace with Pandavas than hostility.

SUMMARY:
Dhritarashtra,even after sending the Pandavas to exile,is struck by deep anxiety.
Sanjaya asks for the reason for which he explains his concerns. He is deeply worried
about the reactions of Pandavas that is going to take place once they return from the
exile. Sanjaya explains that it is the wicked and shameless act of Dhritarashtra’s son
Duryodhana in insulting the wed wife of Pandavas, Draupadi that makes up the reason
for that. The after effects were terrific. So Dhritarashta was of the conclusion that it will
be better for them to keep peace with the Pandavas than humility, because after all, the
sons of Pandu were stronger than the Kurus.

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