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Digital Image Processing

2nd Edition
S. Sridhar

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

Chapter 9

Image
Segmentation

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

Image Segmentation

• Segmentation is the process of partitioning a

digital image into multiple regions and
extracting meaningful regions known as
regions of interest (ROI) for further image

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

Formal Definition of Image Segmentation

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CLASSIFICATION OF ALGORITHMS

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Types of Segmentation Algorithms

• Contextual (region-based or global) algorithms

• Non-contextual (pixel-based or local)
algorithms

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DETECTION OF DISCONTINUITIES- Point
Detection

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Point Detection

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Line Detection

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Illustration

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EDGE DETECTION

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Stages in Edge Detection

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Edge Detection

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Types of Edge Detectors

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First-order Edge Detection Operators

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Roberts operator

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Prewitt

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Sobel

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Frei-Chen

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Difference of Gaussian filter

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Canny edge detection

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

Algorithm
• First convolve the image with the Gaussian filter.
Compute the gradient of the resultant smooth
image. Store the edge magnitude and edge
orientation separately in two arrays, M(x, y) and
a(,)xy, respectively.

• The next step is to thin the edges. This is done using

a process called non-maxima suppression.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

Algorithm

• Apply hysteresis thresholding. The idea behind

hysteresis thresholding is that only a large
amount of change in the gradient magnitude
matters in edge detection and small changes
do not affect the quality of edge detection.

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© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.
© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.
Pattern fit algorithm

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© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.
Edge Operator Performance
1. Missing valid edge points
2. Classifying the noise points as valid edge
points
3. Smearing edges

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Pratt figure of merit

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Edge Linking Algorithms

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Edge relaxation

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Algorithms

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HOUGH TRANSFORMS AND SHAPE
DETECTION

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Modified Algorithm

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Circle Detection

CORNER DETECTION

Circle Detection Algorithm

Harris Corner

PRINCIPLE OF THRESHOLDING

Effect of noise over threshold
process and peakiness test

Thresholding Algorithm

Global Thresholding Algorithms

A variation of Global thresholding
Algorithm

Global Thresholding

Multiple Thresholding

Adaptive Thresholding Algorithm

Non-Parametric – Otsu Algorithm

PRINCIPLE OF REGION-GROWING

Split-and-merge Algorithm

Algorithm

Active contour models

Metrics

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Chapter 9 New

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Chapter 9 New

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Digital Image Processing

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

• Segmentation is the process of partitioning a

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

• Contextual (region-based or global) algorithms

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

• The next step is to thin the edges. This is done using

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

• Apply hysteresis thresholding. The idea behind

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.

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