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Reliability

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25 views

Reliability

Uploaded by

prajnasrilakshmi585
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RELIABILITY

Presented by: Anushka Kanihal


Reliability is the extent to which a
test yields consistent scores. It
helps psychologists obtain precise
measurements of whatever they
want to study.
Definition Reliability in psychological
research refers to the consistency
and stability of measurements and
observations. It is crucial for
ensuring the accuracy and validity
of research findings.
Importance
1. Consistency of Measurements
Reliability means that the same results
would be obtained if the measurement
were repeated.

2. Validity Assurance
Reliability is essential for establishing
the trustworthiness and accuracy of
research findings.
Types of Reliability Measures
There are two main types of reliability: internal reliability and
external reliability.

Internal reliability means that the measure has consistency


within itself. In other words, the same question posed
differently would produce the same results. It is often
measured using the split-half method.

External reliability refers to how results compare to results


between individuals and across time. It is often measured
using test-retest, inter-rater, and parallel forms methods
Internal Reliability
Split-half reliability/ Internal Consistency Reliability:

A measure of the internal consistency of surveys, psychological tests,


questionnaires, and other instruments or techniques that assess
participant responses on particular constructs. Split-half reliability is
determined by dividing the total set of items (e.g., questions) relating
to a construct of interest into halves (e.g., odd-numbered and even-
numbered questions) and comparing the results obtained from the
two subsets of items thus created. The closer the correlation between
results from the two versions, the greater the internal consistency of
the survey or instrument.
External Reliability

1. Test-retest reliability is a measure of the


consistency of a psychological test or
assessment. This kind of reliability is used to
determine the consistency of a test across
time. Test-retest reliability is best used for
things that are stable over time, such as
intelligence.
External Reliability types:

2. Inter-Rater Reliability
This type of reliability is assessed by having two or more
independent judges score the test. The scores are then
compared to determine the consistency of the raters
estimates.

One way to test inter-rater reliability is to have each rater


assign each test item a score. For example, each rater might
score items on a scale from 1 to 10. Next, you would calculate
the correlation between the two ratings to determine the
level of inter-rater reliability.
3. Parallel-Forms Reliability

Parallel-forms reliability is gauged by comparing two different tests that were created
using the same content.
This is accomplished by creating a large pool of test items that measure the same
quality and then randomly dividing the items into two separate tests. The two tests
should then be administered to the same subjects at the same time.
Factors Influencing Reliability

Measurement Instrument
The quality and precision of the measurement tools impact reliability.

Sample Characteristics
Diversity of the sample and its representativeness affect reliability measures.

Environmental Conditions
External factors and testing conditions may influence the reliability of measures.

Other things like fatigue, stress, sickness, motivation, poor instructions and environmental
distractions can also impact reliability.
Challenges in assessing Reliability

Subjectivity
Interpreting and quantifying reliability can be subjective and context-dependent.

Complex Relationships
Measuring complex constructs can pose challenges for establishing reliability.

Cost and Time Constraints


Resource limitations may impede comprehensive reliability assessment.
Data Collection Methods
Implementing standardized and rigorous data
collection protocols.

Instrument Calibration
Strategies to enhance Regular calibration of measurement tools for accuracy
Reliability and consistency.

Rater Training
Providing comprehensive training to raters for
consistent evaluations.
Develop standard procedures
Having clear test administration guidelines can often help improve reliability. This
includes creating clear instructions, time limits, and other procedures that ensure the
test is administered in the same way every time it is given.

Consistent scoring criteria


How assessments are scored should be clear and consistent. Raters should have
rubrics and guidelines to arrive at the same conclusions when assessing responses.

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