DAY FIVE

Circular
Motion
Learning & Revision for the Day
u Concept of Circular Motion u Forces in Circular Motion
u Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion u Applications of Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces

Concept of Circular Motion

Circular motion is a two dimension motion. To bring circular motion in a body it must be
given some initial velocity and a force. Circular motion can be classified into two types-
Uniform circular motion and Non uniform circular motion.
When an object moves in a circular path at a constant speed then the motion is said to
be a uniform circular motion.
When an object moves in a circular path with variable speed, then the motion is said to
be non-uniform circular motion.

Terms Related to Circular Motion

1. Angular Displacement
It is defined as the angle turned by the particle from some reference line. Angular
displacement ∆θ is usually measured in radians. PREP
Finite angular displacement ∆θ is a scalar but an infinitesimally small displacement is MIRROR
a vector. Your Personal Preparation Indicator

2. Angular Velocity u No. of Questions in Exercises (x)—

It is defined as the rate of change of the angular v2 u No. of Questions Attempted (y)—
displacement of the body. u No. of Correct Questions (z)—
B (Without referring Explanations)
From figure a particle moving on circular track of radius r is
showing angular displacement ∆θ in ∆t time and in this time r2
u Accuracy Level (z / y × 100)—
period, it covers a distance ∆s along the circular track, then ∆θ
O v1 u Prep Level (z / x × 100)—
 ∆θ  dθ
∴ Angular velocity, ω = lim   =
∆t→ 0  ∆t 
r1
dt A
In order to expect good rank in JEE,
your Accuracy Level should be above
It is an axial vector whose direction is given by the right 85 & Prep Level should be above 75.
hand rule. Its unit is rad/s.
DAY FIVE CIRCULAR MOTION 55

3. Angular Acceleration Applications of Centripetal and

It is the rate of change of angular velocity.
Centrifugal Forces
dω d2θ
Thus, α= = Some of the most important applications of centripetal and
dt dt 2 centrifugal forces are given below
Its unit is rad/s2 .
Motion of a Vehicle on a Level Circular Road
Dynamics of Uniform When a vehicle negotiates a circular path, it requires a
centripetal force.
Circular Motion In such cases the lateral force of friction may provide the
If a particle, is performing circular motion with a uniform required centripetal force. Thus, for maintaining its circular
speed, then motion of the particle is called uniform circular path required centripetal force.
motion. In such a case,
 mv2 
dv v2   ≤ frictional force (µ mg)
= 0 and ac = ω2 r = [Q v = rω]  r 
dt r
Maximum speed vmax = µrg
Thus, if a particle moves in a circle of radius r with a uniform
v2 where, µ = coefficient of friction between road and vehicle
speed v, then its acceleration is , towards the centre. This
r tyres and r = radius of circular path.
acceleration is termed as centripetal acceleration.
NOTE • In non-uniform circular motion Resultant acceleration of
Bending of a Cyclist
v4
the body is a = ar2 + aT2 = + r2 α2 When a cyclist goes round turns in a circular track, then angle
r2
made by cyclist with vertical level is given by
aT
v2
tan θ = ≈θ
a Tangential rg
acceleration
 v2 
= tan −1  
O ar  rg 
Radial
acceleration
Banking of a Curved Road
For the safe journey of a vehicle on a curved (circular) road,
Forces in Circular Motion without any risk of skidding, the road is slightly raised
towards its outer end.
In circular motion of an object two kinds of forces occur
Let the road be banked at an angle θ from the horizontal, as
which are described below
shown in the figure.
Centripetal Force If b is width of the road and h is height of the outer edge of
the road as compared to the inner edge, then
The centripetal force is required to move a body along a
v2 h
circular path with a constant speed. The direction of the tan θ = =
centripetal force is along the radius, acting towards the centre rg b
of the circle, on which the given body is moving.
Centripetal force,
mv2 4π 2 R R cos θ
F = = mrω2 = mr 4π 2 ν2 = mr 2 [Q v = rω]
r T θ
Work done by centripetal force is always zero as it is R sin θ A
Outer
perpendicular to velocity and hence instantaneous edge
displacement. F raised
θ mg
O X
B
Centrifugal Force
In case of friction is present between road and tyre, then
‘Certrifugal force can be defined as the radially directed
Maximum speed,
outward force acting on a body in circular motion, as observed
by a person moving with the body.’ rg (µs + tan θ)
vmax = ,
mv2 1 − µs tan θ
Mathematically, centrifugal force = = mrω2 [Q v = rω]
r where µs = coefficient of static friction.
56 40 DAYS ~ JEE MAIN PHYSICS DAY FIVE

Motion of a Cyclist in a Death Well ●

In general, if the revolving particle, at any instant of time,
is at position C, inclined at an angle θ from the vertical, then
For equilibrium of cyclist in a death
well, the normal reaction N provides v2 = v2L − 2 gr (1 − cos θ)
the centripetal force needed and the f mv2
force of friction balances his weight mg. N and T = mg cos θ +
Cyclist r
2
mv
Thus, N = mg ●
In the critical condition of just looping the vertical loop,
r
(i.e. when the tension just becomes zero at the highest point
and f = µN = mg B), we obtain the following results
rg r
TH = 0, TL = 6 mg, vL = 5 rg
⇒ vmax =
µ
and vH = rg
Motion along a Vertical Circle In general, TL − TH = 6 mg
In non-uniform circular motion speed of vH B
object decreases due to effect of gravity • When a vehicle is moving over a convex bridge, the
TH NOTE
as the object goes from its lowest mg maximum velocityv = rg , where r is the radius of the road.
position A to highest position B.
O v • When the vehicle is at the maximum height, the reaction of
●
At the lowest point A, the tension TL mv 2
θ the road, is N1 = mg −
and the weight mg are in mutually TL C r
opposite directions and their mg N1
resultant provides the necessary A vL
centripetal force, mg
A
mv2L mv2L
i.e. TL − mg = or TL = mg + N2
r r
●
At the highest point B, tension TH and the weight mg are in
the same direction and hence, B
mv2H mv2H
TH + mg = or TH = − mg • When the vehicle is moving in a dip B, then
r r mv 2
Moreover, vL and vH are correlated as v2H = v2L − 2 gr . N2 = mg +
r

DAY PRACTICE SESSION 1

FOUNDATION QUESTIONS EXERCISE

1 A particle is moving along a circular path of radius 5 m, 4 A wheel is rotating at 900 rpm about its axis. When the
moving with a uniform speed of 5 m s −1. What will be the power is cut-off, it comes to rest in 1 min. The angular
average acceleration, when the particle completes half retardation in rads – 2 is
revolution? (a) π / 2 (b) π / 4 (c) π / 6 (d) π / 8
−2
(a) zero (b) 10/ π ms 5 A roller is made by joining together B D
(c) 10 ms −2 (d) None of these two corners at their vertices O. It is
2 A cyclist goes round a circular path of circumference kept on two rails AB and CD which
34.3 m in 22 s, the angle made by him with the vertical are placed a symmetrically (see the O
will be figure), with its axis perpendicular
(a) 45 ° (b) 40° (c) 42° (d) 48°
to CD and its centre O at the centre A C
of line joining AB and CD (see the
3 A particle undergoes a uniform circular motion. About figure). It is given a light path, so that it starts rolling with
which point on the plane of the circle, will the angular
its centre O moving parallel to CD in the direction shown.
momentum of the particle, remain conserved?
As it moves, the roller will tend to ª JEE Main 2016 (Offline)
(a) About centre of the circle
(a) turn left (b) turn right
(b) On the circumference of the circle
(c) go straight
(c) Inside the circle
(d) turn left and right alternately
(d) Outside the circle
DAY FIVE CIRCULAR MOTION 57

6 A particle moves in a circular path with decreasing 13 A cyclist starts from centre O of a circular Q
speed. Choose the correct statement. park of radius 1 km and moves along the R

(a) Angular momentum remains constant path OPRQO as shown in figure. If he

(b) Acceleration a is acting towards the centre maintains constant speed of10 ms −1, what O
P
(c) Particle moves in a spiral path with decreasing radius is his acceleration at point R in magnitude
(d) The direction of angular momentum remains constant and direction?
7 A mass of 2 kg is whirled in a horizontal circle with the (a) 0.1 ms−2 along RO (b) 0.01ms−2 along OR
−2
help of a string, at an initial speed of 5 rev/min. Keeping (c) 1ms along RO (d) 0.1 rad s−2 along RO
the radius constant, the tension in the string is doubled.
14 A car is moving in a circular horizontal track of radius 10
The new speed is nearly
m with a constant speed of 10 ms −1. A plump bob is
(a) 14 rpm (b) 10 rpm suspended from the roof of the car by a light rigid rod of
(c) 2.25 rpm (d) 7 rpm
length 1.00 m. The angle made by the rod with the track
8 A cyclist is riding with a speed of 27 kmh−1. As he is
approaches a circular turn on the road of radius 80 m, he (a) 60° (b) 30°
applies brakes and reduces his speed at the constant (c) 45° (d) zero
rate of 0.5 ms −1 every second. What is the magnitude
15 A frictionless track ABCD ends in a semi-circular loop of
and direction of the net acceleration of the cyclist on the
radius R. A body slides down the track from point A which
circular turn?
is at a height h = 5 cm. Maximum value of R for the body
(a) 0.86 ms−2 at 54° to the velocity
to successfully complete the loop is
(b) 0.6 ms−2 at 54° to the velocity
(c) 0.3 ms−2 at 75° to the velocity A
(d) 0.7 ms−2 at 68° to the velocity
9 Two cars of masses m1 and m2 are moving in circles of D
h
radii r1 and r2, respectively. Their speeds are such that
2R C
they make complete circles in the same time t. The ratio
of their centripetal acceleration is ª AIEEE 2012 B
(a) m1r1 : m2r2 (b) m1 : m2 15 10
(c) r1 : r2 (d) 1 : 1 (a) 5 cm (b) cm (c) cm (d) 2 cm
4 3
10 A ball of mass 0.25 kg attached to the end of a string of 16 A weightless thread can bear a tension upto 3.7 kg-wt. A
length 1.96 m is moving in a horizontal circle. The string stone of mass 500 g is tied to it and revolved in a circular
will break if the tension is more than 25 N. What is the path of radius 4 m in a vertical plane. If g = 10 ms −2 , then
maximum speed with which the ball can be moved? the maximum angular velocity of the stone will be
(a) 14 ms −1 (b) 3 ms −1 (c) 3.92 ms −1 (d) 5 ms −1
(a) 4 rad s −1 (b) 16 rad s −1
11 A car is moving along a straight horizontal road with a (c) 21 rad s −1 (d) 2 rad s −1
speed ν 0. If the coefficient of friction between the tyres 17 A bob of mass m suspended by a light C
and the road is µ, the shortest distance in which the car string of length L is whirled into a
can be stopped is vertical circle as shown in figure. What
v 02 v0 will be the trajectory of the particle, if B
(a) (b)
2 µg µg the string is cut at B. L
2
v  v0 (a) Vertically upward
(c)  0  (d) A
 µg  µ (b) Vertically downward
(c) Horizontally towards left
12 A racing car travel on a track A F (d) Horizontally towards right
(without banking) ABCDEFA. ABC is R 18 A particle is moving in a vertical circle.The tensions in the
a circular arc of radius 2R . CD and E
90° R D string when passing through two positions at angles 30°
FA are straight paths of length R and C and 60° from vertical (lowest positions) areT1 and T2 ,
O 2R
DEF is a circular arc of radius
respectively.Then
R = 100 m. The coefficient of friction
(a) T1 = T2
on the road is µ = 0 .1. The maximum B
speed of the car is 50 ms −1. The (b) T2 > T1
minimum time for completing one round is (c) T1 > T2
(a) 89.5 s (b) 86.3 s (c) 91.2 s (d) 41.3 s (d) tension in the string always remains the same
58 40 DAYS ~ JEE MAIN PHYSICS DAY FIVE

19 A small body of mass m slides down from the top of a Statement II Components of the frictional force are
hemisphere of radius R. The surface of block and providing the necessary tangential and centripetal
hemisphere are frictionless. The height at which the acceleration, in the above situation.
body lose contact with the surface of the sphere is 21 Statement I A particle moving in a vertical circle, has a
3 2 1 1 maximum kinetic energy at the highest point of its
(a) R (b) R (c) R (d) R
2 3 2 3 motion.
Statement II The magnitude of the velocity remains
Direction (Q. Nos. 20-24) Each of these questions contains constant for a particle moving in a horizontal plane.
two statements : Statement I (Assertion) and Statement II
(Reason). Each of these questions also has four alternative 22 Statement I The centripetal force and the centrifugal
choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You have to force never cancel out.
select one of the codes (a), (b), (c), (d) given below : Statement II They do not act at the same time.
(a) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; Statement II is the
correct explanation for Statement I 23 Statement I Improper banking of roads causes wear and
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; Statement II is not tear of tyres.
the correct explanation for Statement I Statement II The necessary centripetal force in that event
(c) Statement I is true; Statement II is false is provided by friction between the tyres and roads.
(d) Statement I is false; Statement II is true 24 Statement I When a particle moves in a circle with a
20 Statement I A car is moving in a horizontal circular plane uniform speed, there is a change in both its velocity and
with varying speed, then the frictional force is neither acceleration.
pointing towards the radial direction nor along the Statement II The centripetal acceleration in circular
tangential direction. motion is dependent on the angular velocity of the body.

DAY PRACTICE SESSION 2

PROGRESSIVE QUESTIONS EXERCISE

1 A heavy sphere of mass m is 3 Two small spherical balls are free to move on the inner
suspended by a string of length l. surface of the rotating spherical chamber of radius
The sphere is made to revolve q R = 0.2 m. If the balls reach a steady state at angular
about a vertical line passing T T cosq position θ = 45°, the angular speed ω of device is
through the point of suspension, q w
in a horizontal circle such that the
string always remains inclined to 3m
the vertical making an angle θ. mg
What is the period of revolution?
l l cosθ q
(a)T = 2 π (b)T = 2 π
g g
l sinθ l tanθ
(c)T = 2 π (d)T = 2 π (a) 8 rad s−1 (b) 2 rad s−1
g g (c) 3.64 rad s−1 (d) 9.34 rad s−1
2 Two wires AC and BC are tied at C of A 4 The skate board negotiates the circular
small sphere of mass 5 kg, which surface of radius 4.5 m. At θ = 45°, its q
revolves at a constant speed v in the speed of centre of mass is 6 ms −1. The
30°

horizontal circle of radius 1.6 m. The B combined mass of skate board and the
minimum value of v is v
45° person is 70 kg and his centre of mass is
−1 0.75 m from the surface. The normal reaction between the
(a) 8.01 ms
C surface and the skate board
(b) 1.6 ms−1
(c) 0 wheel is
1.6 m
(d) 3.96 ms−1 (a) 500 N (b) 2040 N
(c) 1157 N (d) zero
DAY FIVE CIRCULAR MOTION 59

5 A particle is moving with a uniform speed in a circular

orbit of radius R in a central force inversely proportional R/4
to the nth power of R. If the period of rotation of the
particle is T , then ª JEE Main 2018
n
+1 q R
(a)T ∝ R 3 / 2 for any n (b)T ∝ R 2
(c)T ∝ R (n + 1)/ 2 (d)T ∝ R n / 2 O

(b) cos−1 
5 
(a) cos−1  
6 A bob of mass M is suspended by a massless string of 2

length L. The horizontal velocity v at position A is just  3  3
sufficient to make it reach the point B. The angle θ at
(d) cos−1 
5 
(c) cos−1  
5
which the speed of the bob is half of that at A, satisfies 
 6 2 3
B
10 A point moves along a circle with a speedV = kt , where
k = 0.5 m/s 2. Then total acceleration of the point at the
moment when it has covered the nth fraction of the circle
O
1
after the beginning of motion, where n =
L θ 10
(a) 0.8 m/s 2 (b) 1. 2 m/s 2
v
A (c) 1.6 m/s 2 (d) 2.0 m/s 2
π π π
(a) θ = (b) < θ< 11 A circular tube of mass M is m m
4 4 2
π 3π 3π placed vertically on a horizontal
(c) < θ< (d) < θ< π
2 4 4 surface as shown in the figure.
q
Two small spheres, each of
7 A roller coaster is designed such that riders experience
mass m, just fit in the tube, are
‘weightlessness’ as they go round the top of a hill whose
released from the top. If θ gives
radius of curvature is 20 m. The speed of the car at the
the angle between radius vector
top of the hill is between
of either ball with the verticle,
(a) 14 ms −1 and 15 ms −1 (b) 15 ms −1 and 16 ms −1 M
(c) 16 ms −1 and 17 ms −1 (d) 13 ms −1 and 14 ms −1 then for what value of the ratio , tube breaks its contact
m
8 Two particles revolve concentrically in a horizontal plane with ground when θ = 60º. (Neglect any friction).
in the same direction. The time required to complete one 1 2 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
revolution for particle A is 3 min, while for particle B is 2 3 2
1 min. The time required for A to complete one revolution
12 A particle is moving in a circle of radius R in such a way
relative to B is
that at any instant the normal and tangential component
(a) 2 min (b) 1.5 min (c) 1 min (d) 1.25 min
of its acceleration are equal. if its speed at t = 0 is vo . The
9 A skier plans to ski on smooth fixed hemisphere of radius time taken to complete the first revolution is
R. He starts from rest from a curved smooth surface of R R −2 π
(a) (b) e
R  v0 v0
height   . The angle θ at which he leaves the
 4 R R
(c) (1 + e −2 π ) (d) (1 − e −2 π )
hemisphere is v0 v0

ANSWERS
SESSION 1 1 (b) 2 (a) 3 (a) 4 (a) 5 (a) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8 (a) 9 (c) 10 (a)
11 (a) 12 (b) 13 (a) 14 (c) 15 (d) 16 (a) 17 (b) 18 (c) 19 (b) 20 (a)
21 (d) 22 (c) 23 (a) 24 (b)

SESSION 2 1 (b) 2 (d) 3 (c) 4 (c) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7 (a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (a)
11 (a) 12 (d)
60 40 DAYS ~ JEE MAIN PHYSICS DAY FIVE

Hints and Explanations

SESSION 1 8 Speed of the cyclist (v ) = 27 kmh −1 12 Balancing frictional force for centripetal
1 The change in velocity, when the 5 force,
= 27 ×
particle completes half the revolution is 18 mv 2
= f = µN = µmg
given by Q1 kmh −1 = 5 ms −1  r
 
∆v = 5ms −1 − (−5ms −1 ) = 10ms −1  18  where, N is normal reaction
15 −1 −1 ∴ v = µrg
Now, the time taken to complete half = ms = 7.5 ms
2
the revolution is given by (where, r is radius of the circular track)
πr π ×1 Radius of the circular turn (r ) = 80 m For path ABC, Path length
t = = = πs aT
v 1 3
= (2 π 2R ) = 3 πR = 3 π × 100
So, the average acceleration a q 4
∆v 10 O = 300 π m
= = ms −2 ac
t π v 1 = µ 2 Rg

2 Here, 2πr = 34.3 ⇒ r = 34.3 = . ms −1

. × 2 × 100 × 10 = 1414
01
2π ∴ Centripetal acceleration acting on the
2 πr 2 πr 300 π
and v = =
cyclist ∴t 1 = = 66.6 s
T 22 v 2 (15 / 2)2 225 14.14
ac = = = ms −2
Angle of banking, r 80 4 × 80 For path DEF, Path length
= 0.70 ms −2 1 π × 100
 v2  = (2 πR ) = = 50 π
θ = tan −1   = 45° Tangential acceleration applied by 4 2
 rg  v 2 = µRg = 01 . × 100 × 10
brakes
3 In uniform circular motion, the only a T = 0.5ms −2 = 10 ms −1
force acting on the particle is centripetal Centripetal acceleration and tangential 50 π
t2 = = 5 πs = 157 . s
(towards centre). Torque of this force acceleration act perpendicular to each 10
about the centre is zero. Hence, angular other. For paths CD and FA,
momentum about centre remains ∴ Resultant acceleration, Path length = R + R = 2R = 200 m
conserved. 200
a= a2c + a2T t3 = = 4. 0 s
4 Use ω = ω0 + α t …(i) 50
= (0.7)2 + (0.5)2
Here, ω 0 = 900 rpm ∴ Total time for completing one round
= 0.49 + 0.25 t = t1 + t2 + t3
= (2 π × 900)/60 rad s − 1
= 0.74 = 0.86 ms −2 = 66. 6 + 157. + 4. 0 = 86.3 s
ω = 0 and t = 60 s
If resultant acceleration makes an angle
Then, Eq. (i) gives 13 Acceleration of the cyclist at point R
π θ with the direction of velocity, then
α = − rad s −2 a 0.7 = centripetal
2 tanθ = c = = 1.4 = tan 54° 28 ′ acceleration (a c )
a T 0.5
5 As, the wheel rolls forward the radius of v2 (10)2 100
θ = 54° 28 ′ ac = = =
the wheel decreases along AB, hence for r 1000 1000
the same number of rotations it moves 9 As their period of revolution is same, so, . ms −2 , along RO
= 01
less distance along AB, hence it turns their angular speed is same centripetal
left. acceleration is a = ω 2 r . 14 Centrifugal force on the rod,
mv 2
6 A particle moves in a spiral path with a1 ω r1 2
r F = along BF .
Thus, = = 1 r
decreasing radius. a2 ω2 r2 r2
O
7 The tension in the string will provide 10 As, T = mv 2 /r
necessary centripetal force. q
Hence, v = Tr /m
∴ T = mrω 2

= mr 4 π2 n2 = 25 × 1.96 / 0.25 = 14 ms −1
∴ T ∝ n2 B
11 Retarding force, C F
2
T1  n1  F = ma = µR = µ mg A
⇒ = 
T2  n2  a=µg mg
2 Now, from equation of motion,
∴ T  =  5 Let θ be the angle, which the rod makes
    v 2 = u2 − 2as
 2T   n2  with the vertical.
∴ 0 = u − 2as
2
Forces parallel to the rod,
n22 = 25 × 2
u2 u2 v2 mv 2
n2 = 5 2 ≈ 7 rpm or s = = = 0 mg cos θ + sin θ = T
2a 2µg 2µg r
DAY FIVE CIRCULAR MOTION 61

Force perpendicular to the rod 2 (R − h ) sin θ 4 π2

cos θ = = l sin θ [Qr = l sinθ]
mv 2 R cos θ gT 2
mg sin θ − cos θ
r h 2 (R − h ) cos θ = h  4 π2
= ⇒ T2 = l cos θ
The rod would be balanced if R R  R  g
mv 2 2
mg sin θ − cos θ = 0 ∴ h= R l cos θ
r 3 ⇒ T = 2π
g
mv 2
mg sin θ = cos θ 20 In the present case, the tangential
r component of frictional force is 2 T1 cos 30° + T2 cos 45°
v2 (10)2 responsible for changing the speed of
This gives tan θ = = car while component along the radial
rg 10 × 10
direction is providing necessary
= 1 = tan 45° centripetal force, hence net friction
Here θ = 45° force is neither towards radial nor along T1 sin 30° + T2 sin 45°
tangential direction. mg
15 Velocity at the bottom is 2gh 21 As the kinetic energy at the highest From the figure,
point is zero. T1 cos 30° + T2 cos 45° = mg
For completing the loop,
mv 2
22 We know that centripetal and T1 sin 30° + T2 sin 45° =
2gh = 5gR r
centrifugal forces act at the same time
Hence, R = 2h/5 mv 2
on two different bodies. Thus, they mg −
= (2 × 5)/5 = 2 cm never cancel out. ⇒ T1 = r
( 3 − 1)
16 As, T max = mrω2 + mg 23 If the roads are not properly banked, the 2
force of friction between tyres and road
3.7 × 10 = 0.5 × 4ω + 0.5 × 10 2 But T1 ≥ 0
provides the necessary centripetal force,
O
32 which causes the wear and tear of tyres.
or ω2 = = 16 or ω = 4 rad s − 1 θ
2 24 A particle in a circular motion has the
shown feature. The velocity of particle T
17 When bob is whirled into a vertical in circular motion
circle, the required centripetal force is v = rω e t … (i) B
obtained from the tension in the string. C F
y
When string is cut,tension in string A
et er mg
becomes zero and centripetal force is
not provided, hence bob start to move q mv 2
x mg −
in a straight line path along the r P r ≥0
direction of its velocity. q
x 3−1
At point B, the velocity of B is vertically 2
downward therefore, when string is cut mv 2
⇒ mg ≥ ⇒ v≤ rg
at B, bob moves vertically downward. r
Thus, we see that velocity of the
2
particle is r ω along e t or in tangent ∴ v max =
18 T = mv + mg cos θ rg
r direction. So, it changes as the particle = 1.6 × 9.8 = 3.96 ms −1
rotates the circle. Acceleration of the
∴ T ∝ cos θ particle 3 Given, R = 0.2 m
T1 cos 30° 3 /2 3 a = − ω2 r e r +
dv
= = = et …(ii) From the figure,
T2 cos 60° 1 / 2 1 dt
r = 3 R + R sin 45°
or T1 > T2 . Thus, acceleration of a particle moving
in a circle has two components one w
19 Suppose body slips at point B along e t (along tangent) and the other
along e r (or towards centre). Of these
N sin 45°
A the first one is called the tangential
B a t and other is called centripetal a r .
mv 2 N
R From Eq. (ii), it is obvious that
°

mrw2
45

sq
acceleration depends on angular
h q co mg mg sinq velocity (ω ) of the body. N cos 45°
g
m R sin 45°
3R
O R SESSION 2 mg
2 r
mg cos θ =
mv 2 1 Here, mv = T sinθ and mg = T cos θ
R r In the frame of rotating spherical
[Q v = 2g (R − h )] Dividing these two, we get chamber,
v2 r ω2 4 π2 r N cos 45° = mrω2
2g (R − h ) tan θ = = =
g cos θ = rg g gT 2
R N sin 45° = mg
62 40 DAYS ~ JEE MAIN PHYSICS DAY FIVE

mg g Putting the values, 11 Speed of each particle at angle θ is

⇒ tan 45° = =
mrω2 rω2 R = 20 m , g = 10 ms −2 v = 2gh
g g −1 So, v = 20 × 10 = 14.14 ms −1
⇒ω= = = 3.64 rad s [After applying conservation of energy]
r R Thus, the speed of the car at the top of where, h = R(1 − cos θ)
3R +
2 the hill is between 14 ms−1 and 15 ms−1 . ∴ v = 2gR (1 − cos θ)
2π
4
O 8 Here, (ω1 − ω2 )t = 2 π or t = If N is normal reaction, then
ω1 − ω2 mv 2
N N + mg cos θ =
θ 2π 2π
C where, ω1 = and ω2 = R
T1 T2 m
θ 2π T1T2 3×1 or N + mg cos θ = × 2gR(1 − cos θ)
∴t = or t = = R
 2π 2π  T2 − T1 3 − 1 or N + mg cos θ = 2 mg (1 − cos θ)
 − 
mg cos θ  T1 T2  or N = 2m − 3mg cos θ …(i)
mg or t = 1.5 min The tube will breaks its contact with
From the diagram, Hence, (b) is the correct option. ground when,
mv 2 9 At the time of leaving contact, normal 2N cos θ ≥ Mg
N − mg cos θ =
r reaction must be zero. where, we put the value of N from Eq. (i)
mv 2 v is above relation, then we get
∴ N = + mg cos θ 4 mg cos θ − 6mg cos 2 θ = Mg
r
From the figure, q Put θ = 60º (given)
q
θ = 45° , m = 70 kg, g = 9.8 ms −2 , ∴ 4 mg cos 60º −6 mg cos 2 60º = Mg
v = 6 ms −2 , r = CO = 4.5 − 0.75= 3.75 m O 3mg M 1
or 2mg − = Mg ⇒ =
Putting these values in above equation, 2 m 2
we get mg Hence, (a) is the correct option.
N = 1157 N i.e. N =0
mv 2 12 Given, at = ar
5 Q Force = Mass × Acceleration = mω2 R ∴mg cos θ = =
m(2gh )
R R dv v2 dv 1
and given, F ∝
1
⇒ F =
k or = or 2 = dt
2h dt R v R
Rn Rn or cos θ =
R v t
So, we have −2 1
2π 
2
cos θ =  + R(1 − cos θ)
2 R or ∫ v dv = R ∫ dt
= m 
k or
T 
 R R  4  v0 0
Rn 1 1 t
5 5
v − v  = R
n +1 or 3cos θ = or cos θ = or
4 π2 m n +1
⇒ T2 = ⋅R ⇒T ∝ R 2 2 6  0 
θ = cos −1  
k 5 1 1 t R − v 0t
∴ or = − =
6 Velocity of the bob at the point A  6 v v0 R Rv 0
v = 5gL …(i) Hence, (c) is the correct option. R. v 0
or v =
From conservation of energy, 10 Q v = ds = kt R − v 0t
i.e. KE + PE = constant dt dx
2 s t As v =
 v  = v 2 − 2gh 1
⇒   …(ii) ∴ ∫ ds = k ∫ t dt ⇒ s = kt 2 …(i) dt
 2 2 dx Rv 0
0 0 ∴ =
h = L (1 − cos θ) …(iii) dt R − v 0t
After completion of n th fraction of circle
Solving Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get x t
s = 2πrn …(ii) Rv
cos θ = −
7
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
or ∫ dx = ∫ R − v00 t dt
8 0 0
4 πrn 
⇒ θ = cos −1  −  = 151 °
7 t2 =   −1 
 k 
t
 8 or x = Rv 0   [ln(R − v 0 t )] 0
 v0
i.e. 3π / 4 < θ < π Now, tangential acceleration,
x = − R ln  1 − 0 
dv d v t
7 Balancing the force, we get aT = = (kt ) = k or
2 dt dt  R 
v
Mg − N = M −
ln  0 
and normal acceleration, 1 v t x
R or  =−
N v2 k 2t 2  R  R
an = =
v t
r r or 1 − 0 = e −x /R
n
k 2 4 πrn R
or an = × = 4 πnk v t
Mg r κ or 1 − e −x /R = 0
2 2 R
∴a = at + an = [k 2 + 16π2 n2 k 2 ] R
or t = (1 − e − x / R ).
= k 1 + 16 π2 n2 v0
After completing one revolution, x = 2πR
For weightlessness, N = 0 = 0.50 1 + 16 × (314
. )2 × (01
. )2 R
∴ t = (1 − e −2 π ).
Mv 2
= 0.8 m / s 2 v0
∴ = Mg or v = Rg
R Hence, (a) is the correct option. Hence, (d) is the correct option.