Ecosystem B7 Questions

Sure, here are 40 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) for each exemplar:
**Exemplar 1: Describe an ecosystem as a self-sustaining unit in which components interact.**
1. What is an ecosystem?
A) A single species of organisms
B) A self-sustaining unit where living and non-living components interact
C) A group of ecosystems
D) None of the above
2. Which of the following is NOT a component of an ecosystem?

A) Biotic factors
B) Abiotic factors
C) Only plants
3. Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?

A) Plants
B) Animals
C) Sunlight
D) Fungi
4. What is the primary source of energy in most ecosystems?

A) Water
B) Soil
C) Sunlight
D) Air
5. Which term refers to the variety of species in an ecosystem?
A) Population
B) Biodiversity
C) Habitat
D) Niche
6. Which of the following is a decomposer in an ecosystem?

A) Lion
B) Snake
C) Mushroom
D) Deer
7. How do living organisms interact in an ecosystem?

A) They compete for resources
B) They cooperate with each other
C) Both A and B
8. Which of the following is NOT a process that occurs in an ecosystem?

A) Photosynthesis
B) Respiration
C) Immigration
9. Which of the following statements about ecosystems is true?

A) Ecosystems do not change over time
B) Ecosystems are always in balance
C) Ecosystems can change due to natural events or human activities
10. What is a food chain in an ecosystem?

A) A chain made of metal that holds plants
B) A linear sequence of organisms where each serves as a source of food for the next
C) A type of net used to catch animals
11. Which of the following is an example of a terrestrial ecosystem?

A) Ocean
B) Desert
C) Lake
12. What is the importance of biodiversity in an ecosystem?

A) It ensures stability and resilience
B) It has no impact on ecosystem functioning
C) It makes ecosystems more vulnerable
13. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a healthy ecosystem?

A) High biodiversity
B) Limited interactions
C) Balanced nutrient cycles
D) Stable population dynamics
14. What happens if one species is removed from an ecosystem?
A) The ecosystem collapses
B) No impact on the ecosystem
C) Other species may be affected
15. How do ecosystems recycle nutrients?

A) Through the water cycle
B) Through the carbon cycle
C) Through the nitrogen cycle
D) All of the above
16. Which of the following is an example of a natural ecosystem?

A) Urban park
B) Agricultural field
C) Rainforest
17. What role do producers play in an ecosystem?

A) They consume other organisms
B) They produce energy from sunlight
C) They decompose organic matter
18. What is the trophic level of herbivores in a food chain?

A) First trophic level
B) Second trophic level
C) Third trophic level
D) Fourth trophic level
19. How do ecosystems adapt to environmental changes?

A) Through genetic mutations
B) Through migration of species
C) Both A and B
20. Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects ecosystem structure?
A) Climate
B) Human activities
C) Time of day
D) Geographic location
21. What is the role of detritivores in an ecosystem?

A) They produce oxygen
B) They break down dead organic matter
C) They are top predators
22. What is ecological succession in an ecosystem?

A) A rapid increase in population
B) A gradual process of change in species composition
C) A sudden change in climate
23. What is the carrying capacity of an ecosystem?
A) The maximum population size it can support
B) The number of producers in the ecosystem
C) The area covered by the ecosystem
24. How do keystone species influence an ecosystem?

A) They have no impact on other species
B) They maintain biodiversity
C) They are not important in ecosystems
25. What is the role of predators in controlling ecosystem populations?

A) They increase population sizes
B) They decrease population sizes
C) They have no impact on populations
26. Which of the following is an example of a symbiotic relationship in an ecosystem?

A) Competition
B) Predation
C) Mutualism
27. How does energy flow through an ecosystem?

A) It flows in all directions
B) It flows from producers to consumers
C) It flows from consumers to producers
28. What is the role of decomposers in nutrient cycling?

A) They release nutrients back into the soil
B) They consume nutrients
C) They produce oxygen
29. What is the primary source of carbon in most ecosystems?

A) Soil
B) Water
C) Atmosphere
30. How does climate change impact ecosystems?

A) It has no impact
B) It disrupts species interactions
C) It increases biodiversity
31. Which of the following is an example of an aquatic ecosystem?

A) Desert
B) Coral reef
C) Grassland
32. What is the role of pioneer species in ecological succession?
A) They appear at the end of succession
B) They are the first to colonize a new area
C) They have no role in succession
33. How do invasive species affect ecosystems?

A) They improve ecosystem health
B) They decrease biodiversity
C) They have no impact
34. What is the primary function of wetlands in an ecosystem?

A) To store water
B) To provide habitat for aquatic species
C) To prevent flooding
D) All of the above
35. What is the significance of the nitrogen cycle in ecosystems?

A) It converts atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants
B) It produces oxygen for organisms
C) It regulates the carbon cycle
36. How do human activities impact ecosystems?

A) They have no impact
B) They can cause habitat destruction
C) They increase biodiversity
37. What is the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem resilience?

A) Higher biodiversity leads to lower resilience
B) Higher biodiversity leads to higher resilience
C) Biodiversity has no impact on resilience
38. What is the primary role of fungi in nutrient cycling?

B) They decompose organic matter
C) They fix nitrogen
39. How does deforestation affect ecosystems?

A) It increases biodiversity
B) It leads to habitat loss
C) It has no impact on ecosystems
40. What is the importance of pollinators in ecosystems?

A) They help control populations
B) They play a role in nutrient cycling
C) They facilitate plant reproduction
**Exemplar 2: Group ecosystems into terrestrial, aquatic, and arboreal categories.**
1. Which of the following is an example of a terrestrial ecosystem?

A) Coral reef
B) Rainforest
C) Ocean
2. What defines an aquatic ecosystem?

A) It is located on land
B) It is primarily water-based
C) It has no water
3. What distinguishes an arboreal ecosystem?

A) It is located underground
B) It is located in the air or canopy of trees
C) It is found in deserts
4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a terrestrial ecosystem?

A) Abundant sunlight
B) Limited water availability
C) High humidity
5. Where are most terrestrial ecosystems found?
A) Underwater
B) On land
C) In the air
6. What is the primary source of energy in terrestrial ecosystems?

A) Water
B) Sunlight
C) Soil
7. Which of the following is an example of an aquatic ecosystem?

A) Grassland
B) Lake
C) Desert
8. What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by aquatic ecosystems?

A) 50%
B) 70%
C) 90%
9. How do plants adapt in aquatic ecosystems?

A) They do not need to adapt
B) They have special root structures
C) They float on the surface
10. What is the primary role of phytoplankton in aquatic ecosystems?

A) They are top predators
B) They produce oxygen
11. Which of the following is NOT a type of aquatic ecosystem?

A) River
B) Pond
C) Desert
D) Ocean
12. How do animals in aquatic ecosystems obtain oxygen?

A) Through their skin
B) Through gills
C) Through lungs
13. What is the primary difference between freshwater and marine ecosystems?
A) Salinity levels
B) Temperature
C) Presence of plants
14. Which of the following is an example of an arboreal ecosystem?
A) Coral reef
B) Rainforest canopy
C) Desert
15. How do organisms in arboreal ecosystems move between trees?

A) Swimming
B) Flying
C) Walking
16. What is the primary source of nutrients in arboreal ecosystems?

A) Sunlight
B) Soil
C) Air
17. How do arboreal ecosystems contribute to terrestrial ecosystems?

A) They provide shade
B) They help regulate temperature
C) They provide habitat for other organisms
D) All of the above
18. Which of the following is a characteristic of mangrove ecosystems?

A) High salinity
B) Low biodiversity
C) No trees
19. How do aquatic ecosystems differ from terrestrial ecosystems in terms of nutrient cycling?
A) They have the same nutrient cycles
B) They have different nutrient cycles
C) They do not have nutrient cycles
20. What is the primary threat to aquatic ecosystems?

A) Air pollution
B) Water pollution
C) Deforestation
21. How do changes in sea levels impact aquatic ecosystems?

B) They can lead to habitat loss
22. What role do coral reefs play in marine ecosystems?

A) They provide food for other organisms
B) They provide habitat and protection
C) They have no role
23. Which of the following is NOT a type of terrestrial ecosystem?
A) Tundra
B) Ocean
C) Grassland
24. How do animals in arboreal ecosystems protect themselves from predators?

A) Camouflage
B) Speed
C) Strength
25. How do changes in temperature impact aquatic ecosystems?

B) They can disrupt food chains
C) They increase oxygen levels
26. What is the primary role of decomposers in aquatic ecosystems?

B) They break down dead organisms
27. Which of the following is a characteristic of deep-sea ecosystems?

A) Abundant sunlight
B) High pressure
C) Low salinity
28. What is the importance of wetlands in aquatic ecosystems?

A) They filter pollutants
B) They have no importance
C) They decrease biodiversity
29. How do arboreal ecosystems contribute to oxygen production?

A) They release oxygen through their roots
B) They produce oxygen through photosynthesis
C) They absorb oxygen from the air
30. Which of the following is an example of a freshwater ecosystem?

A) Ocean
B) Lake
C) Coral reef
31. How do wetlands benefit terrestrial ecosystems?

A) By reducing soil erosion
B) By increasing pollution
C) By decreasing biodiversity
32. What is the role of plankton in aquatic ecosystems?
A) They are top predators
B) They provide food for other organisms
C) They have no role
33. Which of the following is an example of a marine ecosystem?

A) River
B) Coral reef
C) Pond
34. How do changes in water temperature affect aquatic ecosystems?

C) They decrease oxygen levels
35. What is the primary function of estuaries in aquatic ecosystems?

A) To provide habitat for marine mammals
B) To act as breeding grounds for fish
C) To filter pollutants and nutrients
36. How do terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems interact?

A) They have no interactions
B) They exchange nutrients and organisms
C) They compete for resources
37. What is the importance of biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems?

A) It has no impact
B) It ensures ecosystem stability and resilience
C) It decreases ecosystem productivity
38. Which of the following is an example of a lentic ecosystem?

A) River
B) Lake
C) Ocean
39. How do changes in water pH affect aquatic ecosystems?

B) They can harm aquatic organisms
40. What is the role of zooplankton in aquatic ecosystems?

A) They are producers
B) They are primary consumers
C) They are secondary consumers
41. How do human activities impact arboreal ecosystems?
B) They can cause deforestation
42. What is the primary role of benthic organisms in aquatic ecosystems?

A) To produce oxygen
B) To decompose organic matter
C) To provide food for other organisms
43. Which of the following is a characteristic of lotic ecosystems?

A) High salinity
B) Slow-moving water
C) Fast-moving water
44. How do changes in precipitation patterns impact terrestrial ecosystems?

B) They can lead to drought or flooding
45. What is the significance of seagrasses in marine ecosystems?

A) They provide food for other organisms
B) They stabilize sediments and provide habitat
C) They have no significance
46. How do changes in water flow impact aquatic ecosystems?

B) They can alter habitats and food sources
47. What is the primary source of nutrients in lentic ecosystems?

A) Sunlight
B) Soil runoff
C) Water currents
48. Which of the following is an example of a polar ecosystem?

A) Rainforest
B) Tundra
C) Desert
49. How do changes in ice coverage affect polar ecosystems?

B) They can lead to habitat loss for ice-dependent species
50. What is the role of mangroves in coastal ecosystems?
A) To reduce erosion
B) To provide food for other organisms
C) To decrease biodiversity
Sure, here are 40 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) based on Exemplar 3, which focuses on
identifying and listing the components (biotic and abiotic) of different categories of ecosystems:
**Exemplar 3: Identify and list the components, such as biotic and abiotic, of each category of
ecosystem.**
1. Which of the following is an example of a biotic component in a terrestrial ecosystem?

A) Sunlight
B) Soil
C) Plants
D) Rocks
2. What is an example of an abiotic component in an aquatic ecosystem?

A) Fish
B) Water
C) Algae
D) Coral
3. Which of the following is a biotic component in an arboreal ecosystem?

A) Trees
B) Air
C) Temperature
D) Humidity
4. What is an abiotic component common to all ecosystems?

A) Plants
B) Animals
C) Sunlight
D) Bacteria
5. Which of the following is a biotic component in a freshwater ecosystem?

A) Soil
B) Fish
C) Water
D) Rocks
6. What role do decomposers play in ecosystems?

B) They break down organic matter
7. How do abiotic factors like temperature and rainfall impact terrestrial ecosystems?
B) They influence the types of plants and animals that can survive
C) They only affect biotic components
8. Which of the following is an example of an abiotic component in a marine ecosystem?

A) Seaweed
B) Waves
C) Fish
D) Coral
9. What is the primary source of energy in most ecosystems?

A) Water
B) Soil
C) Sunlight
D) Air
10. How do biotic and abiotic components interact in ecosystems?

A) Biotic components control abiotic components
B) Abiotic components determine the distribution of biotic components
C) Both A and B
11. Which of the following is an example of a biotic component in a desert ecosystem?

A) Sand
B) Cacti
C) Sunlight
12. What role does humidity play in an arboreal ecosystem?

A) It provides energy
B) It influences plant growth
C) It determines the temperature
13. How do abiotic factors like pH and salinity affect aquatic ecosystems?
B) They influence the types of organisms that can live there
C) They only affect biotic interactions
14. Which of the following is an example of an abiotic component in a tundra ecosystem?

A) Moss
B) Snow
C) Polar bears
15. What is the role of sunlight in photosynthesis within ecosystems?

A) It produces oxygen
B) It is used to convert carbon dioxide into sugars
C) It regulates temperature
16. How do biotic components contribute to nutrient cycling in ecosystems?

A) They store nutrients
B) They break down nutrients
C) They absorb nutrients from the soil
17. Which of the following is an example of an abiotic component in a rainforest ecosystem?

A) Monkeys
B) Rain
C) Trees
18. What is the significance of soil in terrestrial ecosystems?

A) It provides habitat for animals
B) It anchors plants and provides nutrients
C) It controls temperature
19. How do changes in temperature affect aquatic ecosystems?

20. What role do producers play in biotic communities within ecosystems?

A) They consume other organisms
B) They produce energy from sunlight
21. Which of the following is an example of an abiotic component in a grassland ecosystem?

A) Grass
B) Rain
C) Bison
22. How do abiotic factors like wind speed and direction affect ecosystems?
B) They determine plant dispersal and animal movement
C) They only affect temperature
23. What role do bacteria play in biotic communities within ecosystems?

24. Which of the following is an example of a biotic component in an ocean ecosystem?

A) Waves
B) Algae
C) Temperature
Certainly, here are the remaining questions continuing from question 25:
25. How do abiotic factors like altitude and slope impact terrestrial ecosystems?
B) They influence vegetation types and biodiversity
C) They only affect abiotic components
26. What is the role of nitrogen in biotic communities within ecosystems?
A) It provides energy
B) It is essential for plant growth
C) It regulates temperature
27. Which of the following is an example of an abiotic component in a desert ecosystem?

A) Camels
B) Sand
C) Cacti
28. How do biotic components contribute to the water cycle in ecosystems?

A) They store water
B) They purify water
C) They absorb and release water
29. What is the significance of predators in biotic communities within ecosystems?

A) They maintain biodiversity
B) They produce oxygen
30. Which of the following is an example of an abiotic component in a coral reef ecosystem?
A) Coral
B) Fish
C) Waves
31. How do abiotic factors like sunlight intensity and duration affect ecosystems?
B) They influence photosynthesis and plant growth
C) They only affect temperature
32. What role do herbivores play in biotic communities within ecosystems?

C) They consume plants
33. Which of the following is an example of a biotic component in a wetland ecosystem?

A) Water
B) Birds
C) Mud
34. How do biotic components contribute to the carbon cycle in ecosystems?

A) They store carbon
B) They break down carbon dioxide
C) They absorb and release carbon dioxide
35. What is the role of decomposers in nutrient cycling within ecosystems?
A) They increase nutrient levels
B) They recycle nutrients by breaking down organic matter
C) They have no impact on nutrient cycling
36. Which of the following is an example of an abiotic component in a mountain ecosystem?

A) Trees
B) Rocks
C) Wolves
37. How do biotic components contribute to energy flow in ecosystems?

A) They absorb energy from the sun
B) They convert sunlight into chemical energy
C) They produce oxygen
38. What role do detritivores play in biotic communities within ecosystems?

B) They decompose dead organic matter
39. Which of the following is an example of a biotic component in a grassland ecosystem?

A) Soil
B) Bison
C) Rain
40. How do biotic and abiotic components interact to maintain balance in ecosystems?
A) Biotic components regulate abiotic components
B) Abiotic components control biotic components
C) Both A and B
Certainly, here are 40 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) based on Exemplar 4, which focuses on
differentiating among organisms in different ecosystems:
**Exemplar 4: Differentiate among organisms in the different ecosystems mentioned in

Exemplar 2.**
1. Which of the following organisms is most likely to be found in a desert ecosystem?

A) Penguins
B) Cacti
C) Seagulls
D) Polar bears
2. What type of organisms are common in aquatic ecosystems?

A) Amphibians
B) Fish
C) Desert plants
3. Which of the following is a characteristic organism in an arboreal ecosystem?
A) Birds
B) Sharks
C) Desert reptiles
4. What adaptation helps organisms survive in polar ecosystems?

A) Thick fur
B) Camouflage
C) Large wingspan
5. How do organisms in terrestrial ecosystems differ from those in aquatic ecosystems in terms
of respiration?
A) Terrestrial organisms breathe through gills
B) Aquatic organisms breathe through lungs
C) Both breathe through the same respiratory organs
6. Which of the following organisms is characteristic of a rainforest ecosystem?

A) Polar bears
B) Monkeys
C) Penguins
7. What is a typical adaptation of organisms in tundra ecosystems?

A) Migration
B) Hibernation
C) Photosynthesis
8. How do organisms in grassland ecosystems typically adapt to their environment?

A) Burrowing
B) Tree-climbing
C) Deep-sea diving
9. Which of the following organisms is commonly found in freshwater ecosystems?

A) Seals
B) Salmon
C) Camels
10. What is a key feature of organisms in coral reef ecosystems?

A) Camouflage
B) Symbiotic relationships
C) Migration
11. Which of the following animals is most likely to be found in a desert ecosystem?
A) Polar bears
B) Elephants
C) Camels
D) Penguins
12. What type of organisms are common in forest ecosystems?
A) Aquatic animals
B) Birds and mammals
C) Desert reptiles
13. Which of the following is a characteristic organism in a marine ecosystem?

A) Polar bears
B) Sharks
C) Desert plants
14. What adaptation helps organisms survive in mountain ecosystems?

A) Thick fur
B) Climbing abilities
C) Long-distance swimming
15. How do organisms in wetland ecosystems typically adapt to their environment?

A) They have specialized roots
B) They can hold their breath for long periods
C) They fly long distances
16. Which of the following animals is characteristic of a grassland ecosystem?

A) Penguins
B) Bison
C) Monkeys
17. What is a typical adaptation of organisms in freshwater ecosystems?

A) They have specialized gills
B) They can live in saltwater as well
C) They migrate long distances
18. How do organisms in mangrove ecosystems typically adapt to their environment?

A) They have aerial roots
B) They can hibernate for months
C) They have thick fur
19. Which of the following is a characteristic organism in a desert ecosystem?

A) Whales
B) Cacti
C) Penguins
20. What adaptation helps organisms survive in ocean ecosystems?

A) Camouflage
B) Ability to withstand high pressure
C) Ability to fly long distances
21. How do organisms in polar ecosystems typically adapt to their environment?
A) They hibernate during winter
B) They have thick layers of blubber
C) They migrate to warmer regions
22. Which of the following animals is most likely to be found in a rainforest ecosystem?
A) Polar bears
B) Monkeys
C) Penguins
23. What type of organisms are common in estuarine ecosystems?

A) Desert reptiles
B) Fish and crustaceans
C) Birds of prey
24. Which of the following is a characteristic organism in a savanna ecosystem?

A) Penguins
B) Elephants
C) Whales
25. What adaptation helps organisms survive in coral reef ecosystems?

A) Ability to camouflage
B) Ability to withstand high temperatures
C) Ability to hibernate
26. How do organisms in arctic ecosystems typically adapt to their environment?

A) They migrate south during winter
B) They have thick fur and layers of blubber
C) They hibernate for long periods
27. Which of the following animals is most likely to be found in a wetland ecosystem?
A) Desert reptiles
B) Fish and amphibians
C) Penguins
28. What type of organisms are common in alpine ecosystems?

A) Desert plants
B) Birds and mammals
C) Aquatic animals
29. Which of the following is a characteristic organism in a lake ecosystem?

A) Seals
B) Fish
C) Desert reptiles
30. What adaptation helps organisms survive in savanna ecosystems?
A) Burrowing abilities
B) Ability to climb trees
C) Ability to camouflage in snow
31. How do organisms in intertidal ecosystems typically adapt to their environment?

A) They have specialized fins
B) They can withstand long periods of drought
C) They migrate to deeper waters
32. Which of the following animals is characteristic of a mountain ecosystem?

A) Polar bears
B) Mountain goats
C) Elephants
33. What type of organisms are common in steppe ecosystems?

A) Desert reptiles
B) Bison and antelope
C) Whales
34. Which of the following is a characteristic organism in a river ecosystem?
A) Seals
B) Fish
C) Desert reptiles
35. What adaptation helps organisms survive in estuarine ecosystems?

A) Ability to breathe underwater
B) Ability to withstand varying salinity levels
C) Ability to migrate long distances
36. How do organisms in taiga ecosystems typically adapt to their environment?

A) They have thick layers of blubber
B) They hibernate during winter
C) They have thick fur and migrate during winter
37. Which of the following animals is characteristic of a lake ecosystem?

A) Seals
B) Fish
C) Desert reptiles
38. What type of organisms are common in lagoon ecosystems?

A) Marine mammals
B) Fish and crustaceans
C) Desert plants
39. Which of the following is a characteristic organism in a pond ecosystem?

A) Seals
B) Fish
C) Desert reptiles
40. How do organisms in cave ecosystems typically adapt to their environment?

A) They have evolved to be blind
B) They have adapted to extreme temperatures
C) They have reduced pigment and eyesight
Absolutely, here are 40 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) based on Exemplar 5, which focuses
on explaining how the components of different ecosystems affect one another:
**Exemplar 5: Explain how the components of different ecosystems affect one another.**
1. How does the presence of trees in a terrestrial ecosystem impact soil quality?
A) Trees decrease soil fertility
B) Trees increase soil erosion
C) Trees improve soil structure and nutrient content
2. In what way do aquatic plants affect the oxygen levels in aquatic ecosystems?
A) They decrease oxygen levels
B) They increase oxygen levels
C) They have no impact on oxygen levels
3. How do changes in water temperature affect aquatic ecosystems?

4. What is the role of decomposers in nutrient cycling within ecosystems?

B) They recycle nutrients by breaking down organic matter
5. How does the availability of sunlight affect the distribution of plants in terrestrial ecosystems?
A) Sun-loving plants are found in shaded areas
B) Shade-tolerant plants thrive in well-lit areas
C) Both A and B
6. What impact do pollutants like pesticides have on terrestrial ecosystems?

A) They improve biodiversity
B) They reduce soil fertility
C) They have no impact on plants
7. How do predators influence prey populations in ecosystems?
A) They decrease prey populations
B) They have no impact on prey populations
C) They increase prey populations
8. What is the significance of wetlands in nutrient cycling?

A) They release excess nutrients into the water
B) They act as nutrient sinks, trapping pollutants
9. How do changes in pH levels affect aquatic ecosystems?

B) They can disrupt aquatic life and food chains
10. What role do keystone species play in maintaining ecosystem balance?

A) They have no significant role
B) They control population sizes of other species
C) They are indicators of ecosystem health
11. How do coral reefs protect coastal areas from erosion?

A) They absorb wave energy
B) They release excess nutrients
C) They have no impact on erosion
12. What effect do deforestation activities have on terrestrial ecosystems?

A) They increase biodiversity
B) They reduce habitat availability for wildlife
C) They improve soil quality
13. How do invasive species impact native ecosystems?

B) They increase biodiversity
C) They outcompete native species and disrupt ecosystems
14. What is the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in nutrient cycling?

A) They release excess nitrogen into the atmosphere
B) They convert nitrogen into a usable form for plants
C) They have no impact on nutrient levels
15. How do changes in ocean currents affect marine ecosystems?

B) They influence nutrient distribution and species migration
16. What is the role of pollinators in terrestrial ecosystems?
A) They decrease plant diversity
B) They have no impact on plants
C) They facilitate plant reproduction and diversity
17. How does human activity like agriculture impact soil erosion?
A) It reduces soil erosion
B) It increases soil fertility
C) It can accelerate soil erosion
18. What effect does overfishing have on marine ecosystems?

A) It increases fish populations
B) It disrupts food chains and biodiversity
19. How do wetlands contribute to water purification?

A) They release pollutants into the water
B) They filter pollutants and improve water quality
C) They have no impact on water quality
20. What is the role of mycorrhizal fungi in terrestrial ecosystems?

A) They decrease plant growth
B) They facilitate nutrient uptake by plants
C) They have no impact on plants
21. How do changes in sea levels impact coastal ecosystems?

B) They can submerge habitats and alter biodiversity
C) They increase nutrient levels
22. What is the significance of apex predators in maintaining ecosystem balance?

A) They control herbivore populations
B) They have no impact on ecosystems
C) They regulate prey populations and prevent overgrazing
23. How does deforestation affect the water cycle in ecosystems?

A) It has no impact on the water cycle
B) It reduces evapotranspiration and alters precipitation patterns
C) It increases groundwater recharge
24. What role do riparian zones play in aquatic ecosystems?

A) They increase pollution levels
B) They act as buffers, filtering pollutants and stabilizing banks
C) They have no impact on water quality
25. How do changes in vegetation affect wildlife in terrestrial ecosystems?

B) They can alter habitat availability and food sources for wildlife
C) They decrease soil erosion
26. What role do detritivores play in nutrient cycling within ecosystems?

B) They break down dead organic matter, releasing nutrients
27. How does urbanization impact local ecosystems?

A) It increases biodiversity
B) It reduces habitat availability and increases pollution
C) It improves air quality
28. What effect do invasive plant species have on terrestrial ecosystems?

A) They increase plant diversity
B) They outcompete native plants and disrupt ecosystems
C) They have no impact on ecosystems
29. How do changes in vegetation cover affect water retention in terrestrial ecosystems?
A) They have no impact on water retention
B) They reduce water retention and increase runoff
C) They improve water retention and reduce erosion
30. What is the role of scavengers in nutrient cycling within ecosystems?

B) They decompose dead organic matter, recycling nutrients
31. How does climate change affect ecosystems?

A) It has no impact
B) It disrupts habitats, alters species distributions, and affects biodiversity
C) It increases species interactions
32. What role do apex predators play in controlling herbivore populations in ecosystems?
A) They have no impact on herbivores
B) They increase herbivore populations
C) They regulate herbivore populations, preventing overgrazing
33. How does overgrazing impact terrestrial ecosystems?

A) It increases plant diversity
B) It reduces vegetation cover and leads to soil erosion
34. What is the significance of riparian zones in terms of biodiversity?

A) They decrease biodiversity
B) They increase habitat diversity and support diverse species
C) They have no impact on biodiversity
35. How do changes in river flow affect riparian ecosystems?

B) They can lead to flooding and alter plant and animal communities
C) They decrease nutrient levels
36. What role do symbiotic relationships play in ecosystems?

A) They reduce biodiversity
B) They improve soil fertility
C) They enhance nutrient uptake and support ecosystem resilience
37. How does pollution from agricultural runoff impact aquatic ecosystems?
A) It improves water quality
B) It introduces excess nutrients and contaminants, leading to eutrophication
C) It has no impact on aquatic life
38. What effect does habitat fragmentation have on ecosystems?
A) It increases connectivity between habitats
B) It reduces habitat size and isolates populations, affecting biodiversity
39. How do changes in temperature and precipitation patterns impact ecosystems?

B) They can lead to shifts in vegetation and species distributions
C) They decrease nutrient cycling
40. What is the role of primary producers in supporting food webs in ecosystems?
A) They decompose organic matter
B) They consume other organisms
C) They produce energy and nutrients for other organisms
Certainly! Here are simplified application questions for each exemplar:
**Exemplar 1: Describe an ecosystem as a self-sustaining unit in which components interact.**
1. Choose a local park or garden. How do plants, animals, sunlight, and soil interact to create a
self-sustaining ecosystem in that area?
2. Think about a time when a natural event (like a forest fire or a flood) impacted an ecosystem.
Describe how the ecosystem recovered and what factors contributed to its resilience.
3. Imagine you have a small aquarium with plants and fish. How would you ensure that the
ecosystem inside the aquarium remains balanced and self-sustaining?
4. Discuss the importance of recycling in ecosystems. How do decomposers like bacteria and
fungi contribute to nutrient cycling and maintaining ecosystem health?
5. Research how human activities like deforestation or pollution have affected a nearby
ecosystem. What steps can be taken to restore balance and promote self-sustainability?
**Exemplar 2: Group ecosystems into terrestrial, aquatic, and arboreal categories.**
1. Compare a garden (terrestrial), a fish tank (aquatic), and a potted plant on a balcony (arboreal).
How do these setups differ in terms of their ecosystem components and interactions?
2. Explore the role of rivers in connecting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. How do rivers
support biodiversity and nutrient exchange between these two environments?
3. Investigate the impact of plastic pollution on marine ecosystems. What actions can individuals
take to reduce plastic waste and protect aquatic life?
4. Imagine you are exploring a forest trail. Describe the transition you would observe from a
terrestrial environment to an arboreal environment. What adaptations help plants and animals
thrive in each zone?
5. Research the benefits of urban green spaces like parks or rooftop gardens. How do these areas
contribute to both terrestrial and arboreal ecosystems in cities?
Sure, here are simplified application questions for each of the exemplars without multiple-choice
options:
Exemplar 1: Describe an ecosystem as a self-sustaining unit in which components interact (e.g.,
a pond, a forest, etc.).
1. Choose a local ecosystem (e.g., a park, a garden, a riverbank) and describe how its biotic
(living) and abiotic (non-living) components interact to maintain balance.
Exemplar 2: Group ecosystems into terrestrial, aquatic, and arboreal categories.
1. Identify one example from each of the terrestrial, aquatic, and arboreal ecosystems, and
explain how their unique characteristics contribute to their classification.
Exemplar 3: Identify and list the components, such as biotic and abiotic, of each category of
ecosystem.
1. Select a specific ecosystem (e.g., a rainforest, a desert, a lake) and list its biotic and abiotic
components. Explain how these components interact to sustain life within that ecosystem.
Exemplar 4: Differentiate among organisms in the different ecosystems mentioned in Exemplar

2.
1. Choose one organism from each of the terrestrial, aquatic, and arboreal ecosystems mentioned
in Exemplar 2. Describe their adaptations that allow them to thrive in their respective
environments.
Exemplar 5: Explain how the components of different ecosystems affect one another.
1. Select two ecosystems (e.g., a forest and a river ecosystem) and describe how changes in one
component (such as temperature, water quality, or vegetation) in one ecosystem can impact the
other ecosystem.
Certainly, here are five answers for each of the simplified application questions from each
exemplar:
Exemplar 1:
1. In a park ecosystem, trees provide shade and habitats for birds and squirrels. The soil supports
plant growth, and sunlight drives photosynthesis, which is essential for plant survival. Rainfall
replenishes soil moisture, and air provides oxygen for organisms.
2. A garden ecosystem includes flowers, vegetables, bees for pollination, and soil rich in
nutrients. The interaction between plants and pollinators ensures reproduction, while soil
microbes break down organic matter to release nutrients. Sunlight and water are crucial for plant
growth.
3. A riverbank ecosystem features fish, aquatic plants, and insects. Water flow and sunlight
support aquatic life, while soil provides stability for plants' roots. Trees along the riverbank offer
shade and nesting sites for birds.
4. A forest ecosystem consists of trees, mammals like deer, birds, and insects. Trees produce
oxygen, provide shelter, and cycle nutrients. Animals contribute to seed dispersal and nutrient
recycling, maintaining the ecosystem's balance.
5. An ocean shoreline ecosystem includes coastal plants, crabs, seagulls, and tidal pools. Plants
stabilize sand dunes, while tidal movements bring nutrients and oxygen. Organisms adapt to
changing tides and wave actions for survival.
Exemplar 2:
1. A terrestrial forest ecosystem comprises trees like oak and pine, mammals such as bears and
deer, birds like owls, and insects like beetles. Trees provide shelter and food, while animals
contribute to seed dispersal and nutrient cycling.
2. An aquatic lake ecosystem includes fish species like bass and trout, aquatic plants like lilies,
frogs, and turtles. Plants oxygenate water, while fish and other organisms depend on each other
for food and habitat.
3. An arboreal rainforest ecosystem features tall trees like mahogany, epiphytes such as orchids,
monkeys, toucans, and tree frogs. Trees support diverse life forms, while epiphytes and animals
utilize tree structures for survival.
4. A grassland terrestrial ecosystem consists of grass species, herbivores like bison and antelope,
predators such as wolves, and birds like meadowlarks. Grazing influences plant growth, while
predators control herbivore populations.
5. An aquatic coral reef ecosystem includes coral species, fish like clownfish and parrotfish, sea
turtles, and crustaceans. Coral provides habitat and food, while fish and other species rely on reef
structures for shelter and feeding.
Exemplar 3:
1. In a desert ecosystem, biotic components include cacti, desert foxes, reptiles, and insects.
Abiotic components like sunlight, sand, and limited water influence adaptations like water
retention mechanisms in plants and animals.
2. A wetland ecosystem comprises water lilies, marsh grasses, frogs, and ducks. Water levels and
nutrient-rich soil support diverse plant and animal life, with adaptations for waterlogging
tolerance.
3. A mountain ecosystem features coniferous trees, mountain goats, eagles, and snow leopards.
Altitude, temperature, and rocky terrain influence vegetation and animal adaptations for cold
climates and steep slopes.
4. An island ecosystem includes palm trees, seabirds, marine iguanas, and turtles. Isolation and
limited resources drive unique adaptations, such as long-distance swimming in turtles and
nesting behaviors in seabirds.
5. A tundra ecosystem consists of mosses, lichens, caribou, polar bears, and arctic foxes. Cold
temperatures and permafrost affect plant growth, while animals have thick fur and behaviors like
hibernation to survive harsh conditions.
Exemplar 4:
1. A bear in a forest ecosystem has adaptations like strong claws for climbing trees and a keen
sense of smell for finding food. Its fur provides insulation against cold weather, while its
omnivorous diet maintains ecological balance.
2. A trout in an aquatic ecosystem has streamlined bodies for swimming, gills for oxygen
extraction from water, and scales for protection. Its diet includes aquatic insects and smaller fish,
contributing to food webs.
3. A parrot in an arboreal ecosystem has strong beaks for cracking nuts, colorful plumage for
camouflage and attracting mates, and feet adapted for gripping branches. Its diet includes fruits
and seeds from trees, supporting plant dispersal.
4. A desert lizard in a terrestrial ecosystem has dry-adapted skin for water conservation,
burrowing habits for escaping heat, and heat-sensitive behaviors for thermoregulation. Its diet
includes insects and plants found in arid environments.
5. A dolphin in an aquatic ecosystem has streamlined bodies for swimming, blowholes for
breathing, and echolocation for navigation and hunting. Its social behaviors and feeding habits
contribute to marine food chains and ecosystems.
Exemplar 5:
1. Deforestation in a forest ecosystem leads to soil erosion, loss of habitat for wildlife, and
altered water cycles, affecting nearby river ecosystems with sedimentation and water quality
changes.
2. Pollution from industrial runoff in a river ecosystem impacts aquatic life, water quality, and
biodiversity, influencing adjacent forest ecosystems through contaminated water sources and
reduced plant health.
3. Climate change affects ecosystems globally, causing shifts in temperature, precipitation

patterns, and sea levels. These changes impact habitats, species distributions, and food webs,
disrupting ecosystem functions.
4. Overfishing in marine ecosystems reduces fish populations, disrupts food chains, and alters
ocean biodiversity, impacting coastal ecosystems through fish stock depletion and imbalances in
marine communities.
5. Urbanization near natural ecosystems leads to habitat fragmentation, pollution, and habitat
loss, affecting biodiversity, wildlife migration, and ecosystem resilience, with cascading effects
on adjacent ecosystems.

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Sure, here are 40 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) for each exemplar:

**Exemplar 1: Describe an ecosystem as a self-sustaining unit in which components interact.**

2. Which of the following is NOT a component of an ecosystem?

3. Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?

4. What is the primary source of energy in most ecosystems?

6. Which of the following is a decomposer in an ecosystem?

7. How do living organisms interact in an ecosystem?

8. Which of the following is NOT a process that occurs in an ecosystem?

9. Which of the following statements about ecosystems is true?

10. What is a food chain in an ecosystem?

11. Which of the following is an example of a terrestrial ecosystem?

12. What is the importance of biodiversity in an ecosystem?

13. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a healthy ecosystem?

15. How do ecosystems recycle nutrients?

16. Which of the following is an example of a natural ecosystem?

17. What role do producers play in an ecosystem?

18. What is the trophic level of herbivores in a food chain?

19. How do ecosystems adapt to environmental changes?

21. What is the role of detritivores in an ecosystem?

22. What is ecological succession in an ecosystem?

24. How do keystone species influence an ecosystem?

25. What is the role of predators in controlling ecosystem populations?

26. Which of the following is an example of a symbiotic relationship in an ecosystem?

27. How does energy flow through an ecosystem?

28. What is the role of decomposers in nutrient cycling?

29. What is the primary source of carbon in most ecosystems?

30. How does climate change impact ecosystems?

31. Which of the following is an example of an aquatic ecosystem?

33. How do invasive species affect ecosystems?

34. What is the primary function of wetlands in an ecosystem?

35. What is the significance of the nitrogen cycle in ecosystems?

36. How do human activities impact ecosystems?

37. What is the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem resilience?

38. What is the primary role of fungi in nutrient cycling?

39. How does deforestation affect ecosystems?

40. What is the importance of pollinators in ecosystems?

1. Which of the following is an example of a terrestrial ecosystem?

2. What defines an aquatic ecosystem?

3. What distinguishes an arboreal ecosystem?

4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a terrestrial ecosystem?

6. What is the primary source of energy in terrestrial ecosystems?

7. Which of the following is an example of an aquatic ecosystem?

8. What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by aquatic ecosystems?

9. How do plants adapt in aquatic ecosystems?

10. What is the primary role of phytoplankton in aquatic ecosystems?

11. Which of the following is NOT a type of aquatic ecosystem?

12. How do animals in aquatic ecosystems obtain oxygen?

15. How do organisms in arboreal ecosystems move between trees?

16. What is the primary source of nutrients in arboreal ecosystems?

17. How do arboreal ecosystems contribute to terrestrial ecosystems?

18. Which of the following is a characteristic of mangrove ecosystems?

20. What is the primary threat to aquatic ecosystems?

21. How do changes in sea levels impact aquatic ecosystems?

22. What role do coral reefs play in marine ecosystems?

24. How do animals in arboreal ecosystems protect themselves from predators?

25. How do changes in temperature impact aquatic ecosystems?

26. What is the primary role of decomposers in aquatic ecosystems?

27. Which of the following is a characteristic of deep-sea ecosystems?

28. What is the importance of wetlands in aquatic ecosystems?

Exemplar 1: Describe an ecosystem as a self-sustaining unit in which components interact.