Local Self

Internal Assessment
Semester 2
local self government. GE POLITICAL

SCIENCE
RABINDRABHARATI
UNIVERSITY.
AIN NO.: R21BAHHIS004513

UIN NO.: R2100000145.
Exam Roll No.: RAB/NAS/210153.
Regn. NO.: 210163 of 2021-2022.
Preface
Today, local governance is seen as an integral part of

our federal system and involves devolution of functions,
funds and functionaries to Panchayats and other local
governments. A study among major States in India
leads one firm conclusion that no state except Kerala
has developed powers and resources. So it is very
important to make the local governments as self-
sufficient for ensuring democracy and make the dream
of our Father of The Nation into reality- self sufficient
local government.
Topic Discussion.
Local self-government refers to governmental

jurisdictions below the level of the state. India is a
federal republic with three spheres of government:
central, state and local. The 73rd and 74th constitutional
amendments give recognition and protection to local
governments and in addition each state has its own local
government legislation. Since 1992, local government
in India takes place in two very distinct forms. Urban
localities, covered in the 74th amendment to the
Constitution, have Nagar Palika but derive their powers
from the individual state governments, while the powers
of rural localities have been formalized under the
Panchayati Raj system, under the 73rd amendment to
the Constitution.
Within the Administrative setup of India, the
democratically elected Local governance bodies are
called the "municipalities" (abbreviated as the "MC") in
urban areas and the "Panchayati Raj Institutes (PRI)"
(simply called the "Panchayats") in rural areas. There
are 3 types of municipalities based on the population,
Municipal Corporation (Nagar Nigam) with more than
1 million population, Municipal Councils (Nagar
Palika) with more than 25,000 and less than 1 million
population, and Municipal Committee (Nagar
Panchayat) with more than 10,000 and less than 25,000
population. PRIs in rural areas have 3 hierarchies of
Panchayats, Gram Panchayats at village level, Mandal
or block Panchayats at block level, and Zilla Panchayats
at district level.
Panchayats cover about 96% of India's more than 5.8

lakh (580,000) villages and nearly 99.6% of the rural
population. As of 2020, there were about 3 million
elected representatives at all levels of the Panchayat,
nearly 1.3 million are women. These members represent
more than 2.4 lakh (240,000) gram panchayats, about
over 6,672 were intermediate level Panchayat Samitis at
the block level and more than 500 Zila Parishads at
district level.[5] Following the 2013 local election,
37.1% of councillors were women, and in 2015/16 local
government expenditure was 16.3% of total government
expenditure.
Evolution of Local Self-government in India
The term Panchayat literally means an assembly of five

elders elected by villagers. Panchayati Raj is a system
and process of governance. The term was coined by
Jawaharlal Nehru. It is distinct from Panchayat, which
connotes government of a local body limited to a
geographical area.
Jawaharlal Nehru did not like the phrase democratic

decentralisation for, according to him:
Democracy means power springing from the people. By
Panchayati Raj what was being envisaged was not a
territorial government or administration; but rather an
approach to administration guided by and vested in the
people themselves".
There is still truth in the saying that India lives in her

villages. Therefore, in the Indian context true
democracy that can sustain itself and function
effectively, is democracy at the village level itself. This
is because village communities have been the basic
units wherein individual's happiness, freedom and
independence were realised since ancient times. In the
words of S. K .Dey, "If we were to rebuild India work
must start from the villages.
Villages have always been the basic units of

administration in India since ancient times. Their
importance was naturally very great when
communications were slow. The question now rises,
what will be the form of that society in which it will be
possible for the people to run their affairs directly and
develop all those values of life that characterise a
socialist society, co-operation, self-discipline, sense of
responsibility? The answer will be the 'Panchayats'.
Conclusion
A local government is a form of public administration
which, in a majority of contexts, exists as the lowest tier
of administration within a given state. Local
governments generally act within powers delegated to
them by legislation or directives of the higher level of
government.
The Act aims to provide a three-tier systems of
Panchayati Raj for all states having a population of over
2 million, to hold Panchayat elections regularly every
five years, to provide seats reserved for scheduled
castes, scheduled tribes and women; to appoint a State
Finance Commission to make recommendations
regarding .
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Internal Assessment

local self government. GE POLITICAL

AIN NO.: R21BAHHIS004513

Today, local governance is seen as an integral part of

Local self-government refers to governmental

Panchayats cover about 96% of India's more than 5.8

The term Panchayat literally means an assembly of five

Jawaharlal Nehru did not like the phrase democratic

There is still truth in the saying that India lives in her

Villages have always been the basic units of

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