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Linguistics

1. The principal method of communication used by humans consisted of spoken words,

written text and gestures is called
A. Language B. Linguistics
C. Both A & B D. All of these
2. What do we call to a system of communication used by a particular community or a
country?
A. Linguistics B. Language
C. Phonetics D. None of these
3. A system of communication in which visual signs and gestures are used is called
A. Language B. Phonetics
C. Pragmatics D. Sign Language
4. English is the West Germanic language of .........family.
A. Euoropean B. Indo-European
C. Afro-Indian D. Indo-Pak
5. English language has with so many sub-types. .accents
A. Two B. Three
C. Four D. Five
6. English, Welsh, Irish and accents of English. .are the
A. German B. Eastern
C. Southern D. Scottish
7. How many phonemes are there in English language?
A. 44 B. 42
C. 35 D. 33
8. The scientific study of language is called
A. Phonetics B. Syntax
C. Sociology D. Linguistics
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9. Linguistics includes the study of
A. Syntax B. Grammar
C. Phonetics D. All of these
10. What do we call to the arrangement of words in a sentence?
A. Grammar B. Syntax
C. Phonetics D. Phoneme
11. Arrangement of words in phrases, clauses and sentences is called
A. Syntax B. Grammar
C. Prefix D. Morphology
12. The study of the formation of a sentence and the relationship of its component parts is
called
A. Semantics B. Linguistics
C. Syntax D. None of these
13. A set of rules about correct use of a language is called
A. Syntax B. Grammar
C. Semantics D. Pragmatics
14. A set of rules which governs what is valid and allowable in a language
A. Grammar B. Linguistics
C. Language D. Syntax
15. The study of speech sounds is called
A. Grammar B. Phonology
C. Semantics D. Phonetics
16. A branch of linguistics that studies how human beings produce or perceive sounds is
called
A. Semantics B. Syntax
C. Phonetics D. Grammar
17. The branch of linguistics which is concerned with the study of speech sounds
A. Syntactic B. Phonology
C. Philology D. Discourse
18. What do we call to the actual sound produced by humans?

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A. Phonetics B. Phoneme
C. Allophone D. Phone
19. Phonetics has branches.
A. Three B. Four
C. Five D. Six
20. Auditory Phonetics is concerned with
A. Movement of the speech organs B. Properties of the sound waves
C. Speech perception D. None of these
21. Which branch of Phonetics is concerned with the position and movements of speech
organs?
A. Pragmatics B. Acoustic Phonetics
C. Auditory Phonetics D. Articulatory Phonetics
22. Scientific study of human speech and the use of these sounds in language is called
A. Phonetics B. Phonology
C. Linguistics D. Syntactic
23. The speech sound which is made without audible stopping of the breath by lips or
tongue is called
A. Vowel B. Consonant
C. Phoneme D. None of these
24. The speech sound which is made with audible stopping of the breath by lips or tongue is
called
A. Vowel B. Phoneme
C. Consonant D. Syntax
25. Phonology has two main branches: Phonetics and
A. Grammar B. Syntactic
C. Pragmatics D. Phonemics
26. "Distinct units of sound in a language" are called
A. Consonants B. Allophones
C. Morphemes D. Phonemes
27. The study of phonemes is called

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A. Phonemics B. Phonetics
C. Grammar D. Syntax
28. A sound which is made by the combination of two letters is called
A. Digraph B. Trigraph
C. Morpheme D. Phoneme
29. A sound which is made by the combination of three letters is called
A. Digraph B. Trigraph
C. Phoneme D. Morpheme
30. The sound of "igh" in night and might is an example of
A. Diphthong B. Monophthong
C. Trigraph D. Digraph
31. A sound that is formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable is called
A. Diphthong B. Monophthong
C. Digraph D. Trigraph
32. In ..sound begins from one vowel and moves towards the other.
A. Trigraph B. Digraph
C. Monophthong D. Diphthong
33. A vowel that has single distinct sound is called
A. Monophthong B. Digraph
C. Trigraph D. Diphthong
34. Diphthongs are also known as
A. Sliding vowels B. Gliding vowles
C. Rising vowels D. None of these
35. A word that is made by rearranging the letters of another word is called a/an
A. Homophone B. Homonym=
C. Anagram D. Synonym
36. The words "Night" and "Thing" are .to each other.
A. Homophones B. Synonyms
C. Digraphs D. Anagrams
37. A word that is added to a base word to change its meaning is called

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A. Affix B. Digraph
C. Monophthong D. Predicate
38. If we add a word at the beginnig of the word to change its meaning, it is called
A. Anagram B. Suffix
C. Prefix D. None of these
39. If we add a word at the end of the word to change its meaning, it is called
A. Homonym B. Suffix
C. Prefix D. Anagram
40. In the word "Disobey" dis is a/an
A. Prefix B. Monophthong
C. Suffix D. None of these
41. In "Friendship" ship is a/an
A. Trigraph B. Digraph
C. Prefix D. Suffix
42. The words with opposite meanings are called
A. Synonyms B. Antonyms
C. Homonym D. None of these
43. Happiness is the opposite of sorrow. These words are called other. .to each
A. Antonyms B. Homonyms
C. Synonyms D. Homophones
44. Specimen has the same meaning as sample. These are .to each other.
A. Homonyms B. Antonyms
C. Synonyms D. Affixes
45. The words with similar meanings are called
A. Homophones B. Anagrams
C. Antonyms D. Synonyms
46. The words which have same sounds but different spellings and meanings
A. Homophones B. Anagrams
C. Allophones` D. Homonyms

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47. Accede and excede have the same sound but different meanings and
spellings. These are called
A. Homonyms B. Homophones
C. Antonyms D. Synonyms
48. The words which sound the same and have the same spellings, but are different in
meanings are called
A. Synonyms B. Antonyms
C. Homonyms D. Homophones
49. "Fly (an insect)" and "Fly (To float in the air)" is the pair of
A. Antonyms B. Homonyms
C. Homophones D. None of these
50. The words which have the same spellings but different meanings, whether they have the
same pronunciation or not are called
A. Homonyms B. Synonyms
C. Homophones D. Homographs
51. "Lead (to guide)" and "Lead (name of a metal)" are .to each other.
A. Homographs B. Homonyms
C. Anagram D. Anaphora
52. Systematic changes occuring within speech sounds is called
A. Universal Law B. Local Law
C. Grimm's Law D. None of these
53. What do we call to the study of evolution and origins of language?
A. Socio-linguistics B. Psycho-linguistiics
C. Semantics D. Historical Linguistics
54. Psychological aspects of linguistics and language
A. Psycho-linguistics B. Socio-linguistics
C. Applid Linguistics D. Syntax
55. Study of analyzing style and tone in languages
A. Psycho-linguistics B. Socio-linguistics
C. Semantics D. Stylistics

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56. Study of the usage of laguage is called
A. Semantics B. Pragmatics
C. Stylistics D. Morphology
57. Study of same or different aspects of common origin languages
A. Comparative Linguistics B. Historical Linguistics
C. Syntax D. Phonetics
58. What do we call to the study of formation of words?
A. Phonology B. Morphology
C. Phonetics D. Linguistics
59. Study of the structure of sentences
A. Semantics B. Phonetics
C. Stylistics D. Syntax
60. The study of the meanings of words
A. Syntax B. Phonetics
C. Semantics D. Pragmatics
61. ....semantics concerned with the analysis of words meanings and the relations between
them.
A. Logical B. Lexical
C. Diachronic D. None of these
62. .semantics concerned with sense and reference and, presupposition and implication of
meanings of words.
A. Logical B. Lexical
C. Synchronic D. Dichronic
63. The study of real life applications of linguistics is called
A. Morphology B. Stylistics
C. Applied Linguistics D. Pragmatics
64. What do we call to the study of impact of society on linguistics and language?
A. Psycho-linguistics B. Phonetics
C. Pragmatics D. Socio-linguistics
65. What do we call to the study of written and spoken language in computations?

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A. Computational Linguistics B. Applied Linguistics
C. Psycho-linguistics D. None of these
66. In .techniques of computer science are applied to the analysis of language and speech.
A. Psycho-linguistics B. Computational Linguistics
C. Socio-linguistics D. Pragmatics
67. The study of language through different periods in history
A. Stylistics B. Synchronic Linguistics
C. Diachronic Linguistics D. Socio-linguistics
68. The study of language as it exists at one point in time in history
A. Psycho-linguistics B. Phonetics
C. Diachronic Linguistics D. Synchronic Linguistics
69. Short form of "got to" is
A. Gotta B. Gottin
C. Getti ` D. Got
70. .......is the knowledge that a person has of his language.
A. Morpheme B. Phoneme
C. Performance D. Competence
71. An individual's use of language is called
A. Performance B. Competence
C. Phonetics D. Phoneme
72. .includes errors, false starts and hesitations.
A. Phonology B. Performance
C. Competence D. Pragmatics
73. When a person shifts from one language to another, it is called
A. Gliding B. Competence
C. Code-switching D. None of these
74. Structural linguistics studies the .of human language.
A. Meaning B. Sound
C. Structure D. Structurs and Meaning
75. The meaning of pathos is

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A. Special attention B. Appeal to ears
C. Appeal to senses D. Appeal to emotions
76. The study of words and their structures
A. Morphology B. Phonology
C. Semantics D. Pragmatics
77............is the study of ways in which context contribute to meaning.
A. Semantics B. Syntax
C. Diachronic Linguistics D. Pragmatic
78. "q" is a in manner.
A. Fricative B. Affricate
C. Plosive D. None of these
79. The study of sound systems of languages
A. Phonetics B. Phonology
C. Morphology D. Competence
80. .morpheme can stand alone.
A. Free B. Bound
C. Both A & B D. None of these
81. are those verbs which can not take an object.
A. Transitive Verb B. Intransitive Verb
C. Regualr Verb D. Irregular Verb
82. are those verbs which take an object.
A. Irregular Verb B. Regualr Verb
C. Intransitve Verb D. Transitive Verb
83. "t" and "d" are
A. Alveolar-nasal B. Labio-dental
C. Bilabial D. Alveolar Stops
84. Which tool is used for communication?
A. Kennings B. Sound
C. Language D. None of these
85. Honey, water, salt, milk, sand and soil are ...nouns.

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A. Countable B. Uncountable
C. Regular D. Irregular
86. Chair, shop, man, car and boy are .nouns.
A. Countable B. Uncountable
C. Irregular D. Abstract
87. The nouns whose plurals can be obtained by adding "s" or "es" at their ends are called
A. Abstract Nouns B. Material Nouns
C. Irregular Nouns D. Regular Nouns
88. Boy, girl, cow, goat, cat, box, fox and mango are .nouns.
A. Irregular B. Regualr
C. Abstract D. Collective
89. The nouns whose plurals can not be obtained in a regular way are called
A. Irregular Nouns B. Regular Nouns
C. Abstract Nouns D. Collective Nouns
90. Man, woman, tooth and louse are nouns.
A. Abstract B. Regular
C. Irregular D. Material
91. The name which is given commonly to persons, places or things is called a
A. Material Noun B. Collective Noun
C. Proper Noun D. Common Noun
92. "Man", "Woman", "Boy", "Girl", "City", "Village" and "Country"are nouns.
A. Proper Nouns B. Common Nouns
C. Abstract Nouns D. Collective Noun
93. The name which is given properly to a person, a place or a thing is called a
A. Proper Noun B. Common Noun
C. Collective Noun D. Abstract Noun
94. "China", "Russia", "Islamabad", "Queen's Road" and "Najma" are .nouns.
A. Common B. Abstract
C. Proper D. Collective
95. The names of things which are made of matter are called .nouns.

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A. Abstract B. Material
C. Proper D. Both B& C
96. Literal meaning of a word is called
A. Assonance B. Connotation
C. Denotation D. Consonance
97. A feeling or idea that is associated to a word in addition to its literal meaning is called
A. Pragmatics B. Assonance
C. Denotation D. Connotation
98. Connotations can be
A. Positive B. Negative
C. Both A & B D. None of these
99. Desk, wood, table, pen, football and bat are .nouns.
A. Concrete` B. Abstract
C. Collective D. None of these
100. The names of our feelings, passions and ideas are called
A. Material Nouns`` B. Abstract Nouns
C. Collective Nouns D. None of these
101. Pride and jealousy are ......nouns.
A. Collective B. Common
C. Abstract D. Material
102. Honesty, wrath, happiness and sorrow are called
A. Consonance B. Collective Nouns
C. Material Nouns D. Abstract Nouns
103. Lexicography is closely connected with
A. Encyclopedias B. Linguistic dictionaries
C. None of these D. Both A & B
104. Subject + Verb + Object [S + V +O] is the syntax of
A. Urdu B. Chinese
C. French D. English
105. Encyclopaedic and of dictionaries. .are the types

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A. Oral B. Linguistic
C. Textual D. None of these
106. Dictionaries tell us referential, distributional and words. .meaning of
A. Pragmatic B. Differential
C. National D. None of these
107. Science of writing dictionaries is called
A. Lexicogarphy B. Calligraphy
C. Biography D. Semantics
108. Animal communication lacks
A. Complexity and multiplicity B. Creativity and novelty
C. Both of these D. None of these
109. Human language is .and is conditioned by geography.
A. Non-instinctive B. Instinctive
C. limited D. None of these
110. Infinite, novel, creative and unlimited are the chracteristics of
A. Animal communication B. Human language
C. Bird's sounds D. Sign language
111. Which is cognitive as well as behavioural?
A. Human language B. Sign language
C. Animal Communication D. None of these
112. Animal communication system is bereft of
A. Creativity B. Novelty
C. None of these D. Both A & B
113. Which communication system is finite, limited and not conditioned by geography?
A. Animal communication system B. Human communication system
C. Both of these D. None of these
114. Vocal, verbal, arbiterary, conventional and non-instinctive are the characteristics of
A. Language B. Sign
C. Both of these D. None of these
115. Name of anything in the universe is called

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A. Adverb B. Verb
C. Pronoun D. Noun
116. The name of a group of people or things is called a
A. Material noun B. Irregular noun
C. Collective noun D. Abstract noun
117. If two or more words combine to make a single noun, it is called
A. Regular noun B. Compound noun
C. Material noun D. Collective noun
118. "haircut", "hairbrush", "armchair" and "sunlight" are
A. Compound nouns B. Collective nouns
C. Abstract nouns D. Irregular nouns
119. What do we call to a word which is used in place of a noun?
A. Regular noun B. Adjective
C. Pronoun D. Nouns
120. Why do we use pronouns?
A. To avoid the nouns B. To avoid the repitition of nouns
C. Both of these D. None of these
121. Possesive Pronoun is a type of personal pronoun which shows
A. Possession B. Ownership
C. Both A & B D. None of these
122. In "This book is mine." and "That is your book.", "mine" and "your" are .pronouns.
A. Distributive B. Relative
C. Demonstrative D. Possessive
123. Personal Pronouns show
A. Gender B. Person
C. Number D. All of these
124. I, We, You, He, She, It and They are
A. Demonstrative Pronouns B. Distributive Pronouns
C. Personal pronouns D. None of these

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125. are used to indicate or refer to persons, places or things.
A. Demonstrative Pronouns B. Personal Pronouns
C. Distributive Pronouns D. Indefinite Pronouns
126. "This", "That", "These" and "Those" are
A. Personal Pronouns B. Demonstrative Pronouns
C. Distributive Pronouns D. Indefinite Pronoun
127. It referes to an earlier noun, pronoun, part of a sentence or a sentence
A. Relative Pronoun B. Distributive Pronouns
C. Demonstrative Pronoun` D. None of these
128. A pronoun which refers to a thing or a person which is not specific (definite) is called
A. Demonstrative Pronoun B. Personal Pronoun
C. Relative Pronoun D. Indefinite Pronoun
129. Somebody, Nobody, Someone, No one and Everyone are called
A. Relative Pronouns B. Indefinite Pronouns
C. Demonstrative Pronouns D. Distributive Pronouns
130. What do we call to a pronoun which refers back …
A. Relative Pronouns B. Indefinite Pronouns
C. Demonstrative Pronouns D. Distributive Pronouns
131. Himself, Herself, Myself, Ourselves, Yourself, Yourselves and Themselves are
A. Reflexive Pronouns B. Personal Pronouns`
C. Demonstrative Pronouns D. Indefinite Pronouns
132. Interrogative Pronouns are used to
A. Ignore B. Welcome
C. Say goodbye D. Ask questions
133. In "Which is your book?" and "Who did this task?", "Which" and "Who" are
pronouns.
A. Reflexive B. Demonstrative
C. Interrogative D. Indefinite
134. .show the mutual relation or action.
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A. Reciprocal Pronouns B. Demonstrative Pronouns
C. Indefinite Pronouns D. Reflexive Pronouns
135. "One another" and "Each other" are the examples of
A. Indefinite Pronouns B. Reciprocal Pronouns
C. Reflexive Pronouns D. Personal Pronouns
136. .are used to show that persons or things are taken separately.
A. Distributive Pronouns` B. Demonstrative Pronouns
C. Indefinite Pronouns D. Personal Pronouns
137. "Each", "Either", "Any" and "Neither" are used as
A. Indefinite Pronouns B. Demonstrative Pronouns
C. Reciprocal Pronouns D. Distributive Pronouns
138. .investigates the relation between linguistic variation and social structures.
A. Syntax B. Pragmatics
C. Socio-linguistics D. Psycho Linguistics
139. What is the focus of Historical Linguistics?
A. Language change B. Language perception
C. Language crisis D. None of these
140. .is the sceintific study of natural language.
A. Pragmatics B. Phonetics
C. Stylistics D. Linguistics
141. Functioning and representation of language in mind is called
A. Socio-linguistics B. Psycho Linguistics
C. Pragmatics D. None of these
142. A dialect of any language that is above all other dialects of the same language is called
A. Special B. Known
C. Standard D. Famous
143. What is line on a map called that divides areas with different forms of a word?
A. Isoglass B. Isotope
C. Diglossia D. Semiotics
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144. General study of symbols and signs both in language and outside
the language is called
A. Stylistics B. Syntax
C. Semiotics D. Pragmatics
145. How many definitions of sentences may be found?
A. About 5 B. About 50
C. About 100 D. About 200
146. Grammar Translation Method was actually used to teach
A. Latin B. Greek
C. Both A & B D. None of these
147. Describing how language is used today is called
A. Pragmatics B. Synchronic
C. Diachronic D. None of these
148. Which air stream mechanism is used in English?
A. Glotallic Eggressive B. Pulmonic Eggressive
C. Glotallic Ingressive D. Pulmonic Ingressive
149. Which of the following words is zero morpheme?
A. keep ` B. establishment
C. regain D. mishap
150. Vocabulary of a language and its speakers is called
A. Phonemics B. Phonetics
C. Lexicography D. Lexicon
151. An abstract structure which participates in a linguistic system
A. Hard symbol B. Linguistic sign
C. Parole D. Langue
152. A kind of phoneme which changes its sound based on how a word is spelled is called
A. Homophone B. Homograph
C. Allophone D. Isoglass
153. What do we call to a variation in the form of a single word for grammatical purposes?
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A. Diglossia B. Anagram
C. Isoglass D. Inflection
154. The sentence was the most important contribution to linguistics by
A. Plato B. Socrates
C. Aristotle D. None of these
155. What do we call to the study of sound patterns of language?
A. Phonemics B. Phonology
C. Phonetics D. Pragmatics
156. Which of the following is alveolar stop voiced?
A. d B. e
C. z D. t
157. A word or a group of words that shows an action or state of being or condition is
called
A. Pronoun B. Adjective
C. Verb D. Adverb
158. If we obtain past and past participle form of a verb by adding "d" or "ed" at its end,
this verb is called
A. Intransitive Verbs B. Transitive Verbs
C. Irregular Verbs D. Regular Verbs
159. "Play", "Obey", "Clean", "delay" and "call" are
A. Regular Verbs B. Irregular Verbs
C. Finite Verbs D. None of these
160. "Cut", "Buy", "Sell", "Bring" and "Catch" are
A. Regular Verbs B. Irregular Verbs
C. Infinite Verbs D. Finite Verbs
161. If past and past participle forms of a verb are obtained by some irregular way, this
verb is called
A. Infinite Verb B. Finite Verb
C. Regular Verb D. Irregular verb
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162. .shows agreement with the subject and it is marked for tenses.
A. A Transitive Verb B. A Regular Verb
C. A Finite Verb D. An Infinite Verb
163. .is used only in simple present and past tense.
A. A Finite Verb B. A Non-Finite Verb
C. An Irregular Verb D. A Regular Verb
164. A Finite Verb acts as the............of a sentence.
A. Secondary verb B. Main Verb
C. Both A & B D. None of these
166. Infintive is a verb which do not have a/an
A. Object B. Preposition
C. Subject D. Form
167. often follow "to".
A. Regular Verb B. Gerund
C. Finite Verbs D. Infinitives
168. "Team", "Staff", "Family" and "Class" are .nouns.
A. Abstract B. Collective
C. Regular D. Irregular
169. "Fleet", "Herd", "Flock", "Galaxy" and "Crew" are nouns.
A. Regular B. Irregular
C. Abstract D. Collective
170. Science that deals with origin, nature, organization and developmentof language
historically, comparatively, descriptively and explicitly and formulates general rules to
language
A. Phonetics B. Pragmatics
C. Statistics D. Linguistics
171. The branch of linguistics in which the concern of a linguist is to compare two
languages is called
A. Synchronic linguistics B. Comparative linguistic
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C. Diachronic linguistics D. None of these
172. The study of how people use language in a given speech community at a given time is
called
A. Comparative linguistics B. Diachronc linguistics
C. Synchronic linguistics D. None of these
173. What was the first important advancement of Greeks towards language?
A. Creation of verbs B. Creation of alphabets
C. Creation of nouns D. Creation of adjectives
174. Composition and formation of words is called
A. Morphology B. Syntax
C. Semantics D. Morpheme
175. Which branch of linguistics deals with the representation of language in the brain?
A. Psycho-linguistics B. Socio-linguistics
C. Neurolinguistics D. Phonetics
176. A word that describes a verb or an adjective
A. Adverb B. Adjective
C. Pronoun D. Conjunctions
177. An adverb can also modify
A. Conjunction B. Pronoun
C. Noun D. Another adverb
178. "He is eating nicely." Here, 'nicely' is a/an
A. Verb B. Adverb
C. Adjective D. None of these
179. The manner or way in which something happens is called
A. Adverb of place B. Adverb of time
C. Adverb of frequency D. Adverb of manner
180. "They spoke softly." In this sentence, 'softly' is a/an
A. Adverb of frequency B. Averb of place
C. Adverb of manner D. Adverb of time
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181. If an adverb shows the place at which something happens is called
A. Adverb of frequency B. Averb of place
C. Adverb of manner D. Adverb of time
182. "They are playing cricket in the courtyard." Here, 'courtyard' is
A. Adverb of place B. Adverb of time
C. Adverb of manner D. Adverb of frequency
183. Adverb of time tells us the time at which something happens. In "They met me in the
morning.", the adverb of time is
A. They B. Me
C. Met D. Morning
184. The word which shows how often an action takes lace is called
A. Adverb of frequency B. Averb of place
C. Adverb of manner D. Adverb of time
185. "We read the newspaper daily." Here 'daily' is an adverb of
A. Place B. Manner
C. Frequency D. Time
186. "Always", "Sometimes", "Often", "Regularly" and "Rarely" are the adverbs of
A. Manner` B. Frequency
C. Place D. Time
187. What do we call to a sentence which is syntactically fine but does not make sense?
A. Anomaly B. Cooing
C. Contradictory D. None of these
188. "Colourless green ideas sleep furiously (Noam Chomsky)." is an example of
A. Morphology B. Infinitve
C. Phrase D. Anomaly
189. How many words were there in British National Corpora in 1990s?
A. 50 million B. 100 million
C. 120 million D. 150 million
190. Which of the following is alveolar flap voiced?
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A. t B. z
C. q D. r
191. A person who has the knowledge of multiple languages, is a
A. Semiglot B. Phonetician
C. Polyglot D. Glottis
192. Which are labiodental fricatives from the following?
A. f B. v
C. c and z D. Both A & B
193. Which of the following is a two gender- neutral title?
A. Dr. B. Mr.
C. Ms. D. None of these
194. What do we call to the dot (.) used on small 'i' and small 'j'?
A. Title B. Tittle
C. Kindle D. Flame
195. How many short vowel sounds are introduced to children?
A. 3 B. 4
C. 5 D. 6
196. All allophonemes are phones, and all phones are
A. Not allophonemes B. Allophonemes
C. Both A & B D. None of these
197. ...gave the terms onoma and rhema.
A. Socrates B. Alexandar
C. Aristotle D. Plato
198. Rhema means
A. Utterance B. Sound
C. Sign D. Feeling
199...........is a mark set on those who do actions.
A. Rhema B. Onoma
C. Feeling D. Sign
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200. The letter 'k' in the word "King" is the
A. Onset B. End
C. Middle D. None of these

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