How To Pronounce Ed

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EnglishClub : Learn English : Pronunciation : -ed

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How to Pronounce -ed


The past simple tense and past participle of all regular verbs
end in -ed. For example:

work, worked, worked

In addition, many adjectives are made from the past participle


and so end in -ed. For example:

I like painted furniture.

The question is, how do we pronounce the -ed? The answer


is, in 3 ways:

 /ɪd/
 /t/
 /d/
If the base verb ends in one example example pronounce extra
of these sounds base verb* with -ed the -ed as syllable?

/t/ want wanted yes


/ ɪd/

/d/ end ended

unvoiced /p/ hope hoped no


/ / t

/f/ laugh laughed

/s/ fax faxed

/ʃ/ wash washed

/ʧ/ watch watched

/k/ like liked

voiced all other play played


sounds, eg / / d

allow allowed
If the base verb ends in one example example pronounce extra
of these sounds base verb* with -ed the -ed as syllable?

beg begged

*Note that it is the sound that is important, not the letter or


spelling. For example, fax ends in the letter x but the
sound /s/; like ends in the letter e but the sound /k/.

Exceptions

The following -ed words used as adjectives are pronounced


with /ɪd/:

 aged
 dogged
 ragged
 blessed
 learned
 wicked
 crooked
 naked
 wretched

So we say:

 an aged man /ɪd/


 a blessed nuisance /ɪd/
 a dogged persistence /ɪd/
 a learned professor - the professor, who was truly
learned /ɪd/
 a wretched beggar - the beggar was wretched /ɪd/

But when used as real verbs (past simple and past participle),
the normal rules apply and we say:

 he aged quickly /d/


 he blessed me /t/
 they dogged him /d/
 he has learned well /d/ or /t/

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