A1

GENERAL CATALOG
2020

Group of Companies
 Our Trademarks

by Aktif

Where we are
A1 Switchgears

Air Insulated Metal Enclosed Switchgears...............................................................................................................

Switchgears...............................................................................................................8 8
Air Insulated Metal Clad Switchgears........................................................................................................................
Switchgears........................................................................................................................10
Switching Equipment and Accessories.....................................................................................................................
Accessories..................................................................................................................... 16
10
A

A2 Substations
E-House / Compact Substations.
Substations..................................................................................................................................20
................................................................................................................................20
Mobile Substations..................................................................................................................................................................
Substations..................................................................................................................................................................23
23

B Power Resistors B
Grounding Solutions...............................................................................................................................................................
Solutions...............................................................................................................................................................26 26
Load Banks....................................................................................................................................................................................29
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 29
Motor Control and Braking Resistors.......................................................................................................................
Resistors.......................................................................................................................32 32
Filter Resistors.............................................................................................................................................................................35
........................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Anti-Condensation Heater.... Heater..........................................................................................................................................................40
..................................................................................................................................................... 40

C Power Quality & Power Factor Correction

Power Quality Engineering...............................................................................................................................................
Engineering...............................................................................................................................................44 44
C
Power Capacitors.....................................................................................................................................................................
Capacitors.....................................................................................................................................................................45 45
Harmonic Filter Reactors...................................................................................................................................................
Reactors...................................................................................................................................................46 46
Shunt Reactor.
Reactor..............................................................................................................................................................................47
............................................................................................................................................................................ 47
Thymod Series Static Electronic Switches. Switches.............................................................................................................48
........................................................................................................... 48
Compensation Rack Units. Units.................................................................................................................................................49
............................................................................................................................................... 49
Capacitor Banks.
Banks........................................................................................................................................................................52
...................................................................................................................................................................... 52
Shunt Reactor Banks.
Banks.............................................................................................................................................................55
........................................................................................................................................................... 55

D Smart Grid
D
A
Energy Management Systems.
Systems.......................................................................................................................................60
.....................................................................................................................................60
Metering and Submetering.
Submetering............................................................................................................................................... 63

E Medical Power & Control Panels

Isolated Power Systems......................................................................................................................................................
Systems......................................................................................................................................................66 66
Isolated Power Panels.
Panels........................................................................................................................................................... 67
Insulation Location Systems............................................................................................................................................
Systems............................................................................................................................................68 68
E
Isolating Transformers.
Transformers.........................................................................................................................................................69
....................................................................................................................................................... 69
Changeover Module...............................................................................................................................................................
Module...............................................................................................................................................................70
70
Operating Theatre Control Panels. Panels............................................................................................................................... 71

F Traction Substation
Traction Rectifiers....................................................................................................................................................................
Rectifiers....................................................................................................................................................................78 78
Feeder Cubicle............................................................................................................................................................................
Cubicle............................................................................................................................................................................79
Disconnector Cubicle.
Cubicle.............................................................................................................................................................80
79
...........................................................................................................................................................80
F
A
Voltage Limiting Device.
Device........................................................................................................................................................81
...................................................................................................................................................... 81
Disconnecting Units.
Units................................................................................................................................................................82
..............................................................................................................................................................82
Traction Transformers.
Transformers..........................................................................................................................................................83
........................................................................................................................................................ 83
Group Companies
Aktif Elektroteknik A.Ş.
Aktif Elektroteknik was established in 1981 manufacturing Switchgears, Compact
Substations, Mobile Substations and operates in Ankara residing at 6000 m2
closed facility with more than 100 employees.

Aktif Elektroteknik is the first company manufactured MV Switchgears and

Mobile Substations in Turkey.

Friem S.p.A (Italy) became significant shareholder of Aktif Elektroteknik in 2009

and has been managed by the synergy of internationally experienced group
companies of Aktif and Friem.

Aktif Mühendislik A.Ş.

Aktif Mühendislik was established in 1996 and provides solutions to Power Qual-
ity, Submetering, Renewable Energy, Railway and operates in İstanbul residing
at 2200 m2 headquarters with more than 50 employees.

Since its foundation, company has been supplying high quality engineering ser-
vices in the energy sector with its high-quality products, state-of-art systems,
energy saving and cost analysis.

Aktif Mühendislik has been providing custom and standard solutions for its
exclusive customers with its more than 20 years of experience.

Aktif Güç Elemanları A.Ş.

Aktif Güç Elemanları was established in 2009 as Elektres for the manufacturing
of Power Resistors and operates in Sakarya residing at 3500 m2 factory with
more than 50 employees.

Company produces Anti-Condensation Heaters, Load Banks, Motor Control

/ Braking, Neutral Grounding, Filter and Charge / Discharge Resistors that
proved to be one of the most important players in the industry.

After acquisition, Elektres kept being used as brand name. R&D activities were
also initiated to enlarge its product range to manufacture all power elements.

Aktif Kompanzasyon A.Ş

Initially, it was started as a department in Aktif Muhendislik since 1996 to provide
solutions about power quality problems. Then the Company was established in
2018 as Aktif Kompanzasyon and operating at Aktif Group headquarters.

Staff has more than 20 years of experience and have performed more than
4000 measurements and report and onsite services along with 1500 field and
applications and technical solutions.

Company continues its high-quality service and engineering activities for power
quality and applications within Aktif Group.

Üçgenler Enerji A.Ş

Solar plant has been established on 220.000 m2 field to generate 10MW electricity
from the solar power.

Plant generates electricity according to Turkish Ministry of Energy regulations,

designed and built to operate for 25 years under electricity purchasing warranty of
government for 10 years.

Plant is designed to operate with 87.5% efficiency to provide 20 GWh annually and
has been running with 3% higher performance compared to the initial energy pro-
duction analysis, and Üçgenler is the owner of 4MW.
 Values
Vision
Energy is one of the basic requirements for worldwide
economic development but the greenhouse gases effect
depends to great extent on how the energy is produced. We
as AKTİF Group, do endorse Global compact and sustain-
able development as one of the pillars of our business
approach.
We want to be recognized by our stakeholders as the very
best performer in competitive energy market in order to
achieve the greatest possible returns by innovating, design-
ing, expositing and placing competitive products and servic-
es for sustainable and habitable environment by enhancing
the standards of living for our planet.

Mission
In order to contribute our stakeholder’s success and to
improve our footprint in terms of technology, price, quality,
environment and delivery performances, our mission is to
bring the most competitive product and service solutions
making energy simple for our customers through with of-
fering possible broadest portfolio.

Values
AKTİF values are the group commitment to our customers,
our employees, our shareholders and all of the communities
at which we play role directly or indirectly.
Our Values are;
• Customer Satisfaction
• Loyalty
• Profitability
• Liability
• Totality
• Equity
• Corporation

Service Continuity
The service continuity means efficiency of power and con-
sequently, the profitability of the business.
Our products are designed and manufactured in order to
ensure energy sustainability and provide the best service
availability.

Quality and Environment

One step beyond, high quality and environmentally-con-
scious green products. Providing energy continuity and
measurable energy efficiency. Also supplying products
which hard work simplified, easy to use, smart control logic
available.
AA1 Switchgears & Substations A1
Air Insulated Metal Enclosed Switchgears..............................................................................................................................................
Switchgears.............................................................................................................................................. 8
Air Insulated Metal Clad Switchgears.......................................................................................................................................................
Switchgears....................................................................................................................................................... 10
Switching Equipment and Accessories....................................................................................................................................................
Accessories.................................................................................................................................................... 16

6
 A1
A1

Switchgears

Energy

Industry

Building

7
AA1 Air Insulated Metal Enclosed Switchgears

SME series Metal Enclosed Switchgears are switching and

control cubicles; manufactured up to 40.5 kV, 1250 A, 25 kA
and type tested in international accredited laboratories in
conformity with IEC 62271-200 standard.
There are two types of SME series metal enclosed
switchgears.
• SME-0 : with fixed type circuit breaker
• SME-1 : with withdrawable type of circuit breaker

Advantages
• PI partition class
• AFL internal arc classification
• 3 segregated and earthed accessible compartments
• Electrical and mechanical safety interlocks systems do
not allow to operational faults
• Optional withdrawable circuit breaker allows fast and easy
servicing
• Air insulated rotary disconnector switch
• Low maintenance cost with reliable design
• 2 mm steel sheet

Technical Characteristics SME

• Rated Voltage : up to 40.5 kV
• Power Frequency Withstand Voltage : up to 90/120 kV
• Lighting Impulse Withstand Voltage : up to 190/210 kV Applications
• Rated Frequency : 50/60 Hz
Metal Enclosed Switchgears are especially used in the
• Rated Current : up to 1250 A
transformer centers, distribution systems, renewable
• Short Circuit Withstand Current : up to 25 kA (1 s)
energy production and industrial plants where the rated
• Internal Arc Current : up to 25 kA (1 s)
current up to 1250 A and short circuit current up to 25 kA.
• Protection Class (doors are closed) : IP3X
(between compartment) : IP2X • Power Transmission & Distribution
• Applicable standard : IEC 62271-200 • Renewable Energy Production
• Diesel and Natural Gas Power Plants
• Transformer Substations
• Cement Factories
• Automotive Industry
• Petroleum and Chemical Industry
• Iron and Steel Industry
• Rolling Mills
• Pipe Lines
• Shipyards
• Emergency Situation and Stand-by Power Facilities
• Mining Industry
• Railway Substations

Voltage Current Type Width Depth Height

≤ 630 A LBS 375 mm

12 kV C/B 900 mm 2000 mm

≤ 1250 A 750 mm
Measure

≤ 630 A LBS 375 mm

24 kV C/B 940 mm 2000 mm

≤ 1250 A 750 mm
Measure

≤ 630 A LBS 750 mm

36/40.5 kV C/B 1400 mm 2250 mm

≤ 1250 A 1000 mm
Measure

8
 Air Insulated Metal Enclosed Switchgears A1
A

Technical Specifications
Description SME 12 SME 24 SME 36 SME 40,5
Rated Voltage kV 12 24 36 40.5
Rated Insulation Voltage kV 12 24 36 40.5
Rated Power Frequency Withstand Voltage kV 28 50 70 90/120
Rated Lightining Impulse Withstand Voltage kV 75 125 170 90/210
Switchgears Insulation Air
Circuit Breaker Type SF6
Loss of Service Continuity LSC-2A
Partition Class PI
Internal Arc Classification AFL
Rated Frequency Hz 50/60
Rated Short Time Withstand Current kA 16/25
Short Time Withstand Duration s 1
Internal Arc Withstand Current kA 16/25
Internal Arc Withstand Duration s 1
Rated Main Busbar Current A 630 / 1250
Rated Feeder Current A 200...1250
Protection Class (when doors are closed) IP3X
Protection Class (between compartments) IP2X
Colour (Front/Sides) RAL 9003 / 7035
Standards Complied IEC 62271 - 200

Mechanical Interlock SME-0 SME-1

Between Disconnector / Withdrawer / Track and Earthing Disconnector
Between Disconnector / Withdrawer / Track and Circuit Breaker
Between Disconnector / Withdrawer / Track and CB Compartment Door
Between CB Compartment Door and Earthing Disconnector
Disconnector/Load Break at Low Gas Pressure Breaker / Load Break Locking
Functional Properties
Circuit Breaker Type SF6
Insulation of Main Disconnector SF6 / Air
Withdrawable Circuit Breaker -
Withdrawable Voltage Transformer -
Control Cable Entries from Top, Bottom and Sides
Ready to Scada Connection Optional
Remote CB On/Off Optional
Hinged CB Compartment Door
Manual Spring Charging when Circuit Breaker at Test Position -
Manual Spring Charging when Circuit Breaker at Service Position
Manual On/Off when Circuit Breaker at Service Position
Manual On/Off when Circuit Breaker at Test Position -
Mimic Single Line Diagram and Positioning Indication of Switching Equipment
Disability of Putting in to Service Position without Fixing the Withdrawer/Truck to Panel -
Disability of Putting in to Service Position without Closing Circuit Breaker Door
Disability of Opening Earthing Switch without Closing Circuit Breaker Door
Disability of Circuit Breaker Doors Closing without CB Socket Plugging In -
Disability of Circuit Breaker Operation when Circuit Breaker is not on Test or Service Position Optional
Disability of Disconnector’s Closing while Disconnector is Open
Fast and Easy Changing of Same Valued Circuit Breakers Between Each Other
Disability of A Circuit Breaker Connecting Inside to Different Valued Cubicle
Exhaust Options
Exhaust from Top Inside Substation -
Exhaust from Rear Inside Substation
Exhaust to Outside of Substation by Using Front, Rear or Lateral Arc Channel Optional

9
AA1 Air Insulated Metal Clad Switchgears

SMC Series Metal Clad Switchgears are switching and

control cubicles; manufactured up to 40.5 kV, 4000 A, 31.5
kA and type tested in international accredited laboratories
in conformity with IEC 62271-200 standard.

SMC series Metal Clad switchgears are manufactured in

two type;
• SMC- 1 : with withdrawable Circuit Breaker
• SMC-2 : with withdrawable Circuit Breaker and Voltage
Transformer

Advantages
• LSC-2B Loss of Service continuity
• PM Partition Class
• AFLR internal arc classification
• 4/5 segregated and earthed compartments
• Internal arc test at 31.5 kA/1s
• Electrical and mechanical safety interlocks systems do
not allow operational faults
• High level safety and energy continuity
• Fast and easy service with withdrawable Vacuum/SF6 CB
• 3 mm steel sheet construction

Technical Characteristics SMC

• Rated Voltage : up to 40.5 kV

• Power Frequency Withstand Voltage : up to 85 kV
• Lighting Impulse Withstand Voltage : up to 185 kV
• Rated Frequency : 50/60 Hz
• Rated Current : up to 4000 A
• Short Circuit Withstand Current : up to 31.5 kA (3 s)
• Internal Arc Current : 31.5 kA (1 s)
• Protection Class (doors are closed) : IP4X Applications
(between compartment) : IP2X
• Applicable standard : IEC 62271-200 SMC Metal Clad Switchgears are designed especially to
use in the primary substations, distribution systems, and
industrial plants where the rated current up to 4000 A and
short circuit withstand current up to 31.5 kA.

• Power Transmission & Distribution

• Renewable Power Plants
• Diesel and Natural Gas Power Plants
• Transformer Substations
• Cement Factories
• Automotive Industry
• Petroleum and Chemical Industry
• Iron and Steel Industry
• Rolling Mills
• Pipelines
• Electro Chemical Facilities
• Shipyards
• Emergency Situation and Stand-by Power Plants
• Mining Industry
• Railway Substations
• Oil & Gas

10
 Air Insulated Metal Clad Switchgears A1
A
SMC Series Metal Clad Switchgear
Technical Characteristics
Description SMC 12 SMC 24 SMC 36 SMC 40.5
Rated Voltage kV 12 24 36 40.5
Rated Insulation Voltage kV 12 24 36 40.5
Rated Power Frequency Withstand Voltage kV 28 50 70 85
Rated Lightning Impulse Withstand Voltage kV 75 125 170 185
Switchgear Insulation Air
Circuit Breaker Type Vacuum / SF6
Loss of Service Continuity LSC-2B
Partition Class PM
Internal Arc Classification AFLR
Rated Frequency Hz 50/60
Rated Short time Withstand Current kA 31.5
Short Time Withstand Duration s 3
Internal Arc Withstand Current kA 31.5
Internal Arc Withstand Duration s 1
Rated Main Busbar Current A 630/800/1250/1600/2000/2500/3150/4000
Rated Feeder Current A 630/800/1250/1600/2000/2500/3150/4000
Protection Class (when doors are closed) IP4X
Protection Class (between compartments) IP2X
Colour (Front/ Sides) RAL 9003 / 7035
Standards Complied IEC 62271-200

Mechanical Interlock SMC-1 SMC-2

Between Disconnector / Withdrawer / Track and Earthing Disconnector
Between Disconnector / Withdrawer / Track and Circuit Breaker
Between Disconnector / Withdrawer / Track and CB Compartment Door
Between CB Compartment Door and Earthing Disconnector -
Between Circuit Breaker and Withdrawer’s Position
Accessibility to Cable Compartment With Special Tool / Lock
Between Shutter and CB Withdrawer / Truck (with Padlock)
If the Circuit Breaker is Open, it can be Taken to the Service Position
If the Circuit Breaker is Open, it can be Taken from the Service Position
Functional Properties
Circuit Breaker Type Vacuum / SF6
Withdrawable Circuit Breaker
Withdrawable Voltage Transformer -
Control Cable Entries from Top, Bottom and Sides
Ready to Scada Connection Optional
Remote CB On/Off Optional
Hinged CB Compartment Door
Manual Spring Charging when Circuit Breaker at Test Position
Manual Spring Charging when Circuit Breaker at Service Position -
Manual On/Off when Circuit Breaker at Service Position -
Manual On/Off when Circuit Breaker at Test Position
Mimic Single Line Diagram and Positioning Indication of Switching Equipment
Disability of Putting in to Service Position without Fixing the Withdrawer/Truck to Panel
Disability of Putting in to Service Position without Closing Circuit Breaker Door
Disability of Opening Earthing Switch without Closing Circuit Breaker Door -
Disability of Circuit Breaker Door’s Closing without CB Socket Plugging In -
Disability of Circuit Breaker Operation when Circuit Breaker is not on Test or Service Position
Disability of Earthing Disconnector’s Closing while Circuit Breaker at Service Position
Fast and Easy Changing of Same Valued Circuit Breakers Between Each Other
Disability of A Circuit Breaker Connecting Inside to Different Valued Cubicle.
Disability of Circuit Breaker Withdrawer/Truck Putting in to Service Position while Earthing Switch is Closed
Removing of Interlock Between Circuit Breaker and Earthing Switch while Circuit Breaker in Test Position
Exhaust Options
Exhaust from Top Inside Substation
Exhaust from Rear Inside Substation -
Exhaust to Outside of Substation by Using Front, Rear or Lateral Arc Channel Optional

11
 Air Insulated Metal Clad Switchgears
AA1

SNC Series Metal Clad Switchgears are switching and

control cubicles; manufactured up to 36 kV, 3150 A, 50 kA
and type tested in international accredited laboratories in
conformity with IEC 62271-200 standard.

SNC series Metal Clad switchgears are manufactured in

two type;
• SNC- 1 : with withdrawable Circuit Breaker
• SNC-2 : with withdrawable Circuit Breaker and Voltage
Transformer

Advantages
• LSC-2B Loss of Service continuity
• PM Partition Class
• AFLR internal arc classification
• 4 / 5 segrageted and earthed compartments
• Thanks to front accessibility to each compartment
• Only 100 mm space from the rear wall
• Designed for 50 kA SNC
• Electrical and mechanical safety interlocks
• Fast and easy service with withdrawable CB
• Fast and easy service with withdrawable VT (SNC-2 only)
• 3 mm steel sheet construction

Technical Characteristics
• Rated Voltage : up to 36 kV
• Power Frequency Withstand Voltage : up to 70 kV
• Lighting Impulse Withstand Voltage : up to 170 kV
• Rated Frequency : 50/60 Hz
• Rated Current : up to 3150 A
• Short Circuit Withstand Current : up to 50 kA (3 s)
Applications
• Internal Arc Current : 40 kA (1 s)
• Protection Class (doors are closed) : IP4X SNC Metal Clad Switchgears are designed especially to
(between compartment) : IP3X use in the primary substations, distribution systems, and
• Applicable standard : IEC 62271-200 industrial plants where the rated current up to 3150 A and
short circuit withstand current up to 50 kA.

• Power Transmission & Distribution

• Renewable Power Plants
• Diesel and Natural Gas Power Plants
• Transformer Substations
• Cement Factories
• Automotive Industry
• Chemical Industry
• Iron and Steel Industry
• Rolling Mills
• Pipelines
• Electro Chemical Facilities
• Shipyards
• Emergency Situation and Stand-by Power Plants
• Mining Industry
• Railway Substations
• Oil and Gas

12
 Air Insulated Metal Clad Switchgears
A1
A
SNC Series Metal Clad Switchgear
Technical Characteristics
Description SNC 12 SNC 24 SNC 36
Rated Voltage kV 13.8 24 36
Rated Insulation Voltage kV 13.8 24 36
Rated Power Frequency Withstand Voltage kV 38 50 70
Rated Lightning Impulse Withstand Voltage kV 75/85 125 170
Switchgear Insulation Air
Circuit Breaker Type Vacuum / SF6
Loss of Service Continuity LSC-2B
Partition Class PM
Internal Arc Classification AFLR
Rated Frequency Hz 50/60
Rated Short Time Withstand Current kA 16/25/31.5/40/50
Short Time Withstand Duration s 3
Internal Arc Withstand Current kV 50
Internal Arc Withstand Duration s 1
Rated Main Busbar Current A 630/800/1250/1600/2000/2500/3150
Rated Feeder Current A 630/800/1250/1600/2000/2500/3150
Protection Class ( when Doors Are Closed) IP4X
Protection Class ( Between Compartments) IP3X
Colour (Front/Sides) RAL 9003 / 7035
Standards Complied IEC 62271 - 200

Mechanical Interlock SNC-1 SNC-2

Disconnector / Withdrawer / Track and Earthing Disconnector
Between Disconnector / Withdrawer / Track and Circuit Breaker
Between Disconnector / Withdrawer / Track and CB Compartment Door
Between CB Compartment Door and Earthing Disconnector -
Between Circuit Breaker and Withdrawer’s Position
Accessibility to Cable Compartment With Special Tool / Lock
Between Shutter and CB Withdrawer / Truck (with Padlock)
If the Circuit Breaker is Open, it can be Taken to the Service Position
If the Circuit Breaker is Open, it can be Taken from the Service Position Position
Functional Properties
Circuit Breaker Type Vacuum / SF6
Withdrawable Circuit Breaker
Withdrawable Voltage Transformer -
Control Cable Entries from Top, Bottom and Sides
Ready to Scada Connection Optional
Remote CB On/off Optional
Hinged CB Compartment Door
Manual Spring Charging when Circuit Breaker at Test Position
Manual Spring Charging when Circuit Breaker at Service Position -
Manual On/Off when Circuit Breaker at Service Position
Manual On/Off when Circuit Breaker at Test Position
Mimic Single Line Diagram and Positioning Indication of Switching Equipment
Disability of Putting in to Service Position without Fixing the Withdrawer/Truck to Panel
Disability of Putting in to Service Position without Closing Circuit Breaker Door
Disability of Opening Earthing Switch without Closing Circuit Breaker Door -
Disability of Circuit Breaker Door’s Closing without CB Socket Plugging In
Disability of Circuit Breaker Operation when Circuit Breaker is not on Test or Service Position
Circuit Breaker Closing while Disconnector is Open N/A
Disability of Earthing Disconnector’s Closing while Circuit Breaker at Service Position
Disability of Disconnector’s Closing while Disconnector is Open N/A
Fast and Easy Changing of Same Valued Circuit Breakers Between Each Other
Disability of A Circuit Breaker Connecting Inside to Different Valued Cubicle.
Disability of Circuit Breaker Withdrawer/Truck Putting in to Service Position while Earthing Switch is Closed
Removing of Interlock Between Circuit Breaker and Earthing Switch while Circuit Breaker in Test Position
Exhaust Options
Exhaust from Top, Inside Substation Optional
Exhaust from Rear, Inside Substation -
Exhaust to Outside of Substation by Using Front, Rear or Lateral Arc Channel Optional

13
AA1 Air Insulated Metal Clad Switchgears
Double Busbar System

SNC-DB Series Double Busbar Switchgears are switching

and control cubicles; manufactured up to 36 kV, 2500 A, 50
kA and type tested in international accredited laboratories
in conformity with IEC 62271-200 standard.

SNC-DB series Metal Clad switchgears are manufactured in

two type;

• SNC - 0.DB : with fixed Circuit Breaker

• SNC - 1 .DB : with withdrawable Circuit Breaker
• SNC - 2.DB : with withdrawable Circuit Breaker and
Voltage Transformer

Advantages
• LSC-2B Loss of Service continuity
• PM Partition Class
• AFLR internal arc classification
• 4 / 5 segrageted and earthed compartments
• Thanks to front accessibility to each compartment only
100 mm space between rear wall
• Designed for 50 kA
• Electrical and mechanical safety interlocks
• Fast and easy service with optional withdrawable CB & VT
• 3 mm steel sheet construction

Technical Characteristics
• Rated Voltage : up to 36 kV
• Power Frequency Withstand Voltage : up to 70 kV SNC-DB
• Lighting Impulse Withstand Voltage : up to 170 kV
• Rated Frequency : 50/60 Hz
• Rated Current : up to 2500 A Applications
• Short Circuit Withstand Current : up to 50 kA (3 s) SNC-DB Metal Clad Switchgears are designed especially to
• Internal Arc Current : 40 kA (1 s) use in the primary substations, distribution systems, and
• Protection Class (doors are closed) : IP4X industrial plants where the rated current up to 3150 A and
(between compartment) : IP3X short circuit withstand current up to 50 kA.
• Applicable Standard : IEC 62271-200
• Energy Transmission and Distribution Centers
• Renewable Energy Production
• Conventional Energy Production
• Transformer Substations
• Iron and Steel Industry
• Oil and Gas
• Petrochemical Industry

14
 Metal Clad Switchgears Dimensions A1
A

SMC

Width Depth
Voltage Current Height
Vacuum CB SF6 CB Vacuum CB SF6 CB

≤ 1600 800 mm

12 kV 2000 - 2500 A 1000 mm 1100 mm 2000 mm 2250 mm 2100 mm

3150 A 1100 mm

≤ 1600 1000 mm
2000 mm
24 kV 2000 - 2500 A 1100 mm 1100 mm 2250 mm 2100 mm

3150 A - -

≤ 2500 1200 mm ≤ 3000 mm * 2300 mm

1400 mm 3000 mm
36 kV 3150 A
1400 mm 3550 A 2550 mm
4000 A - -

40.5 kV ≤ 2500 1400 mm - 3550 mm - 2550 mm

* Depth changes according to C/B used

SNC

Depth
Voltage Current Width Height
SNC-1 SNC-2

≤ 1250 A 650 mm

12 kV * 1600 - 2000 A 800 mm 1400 mm 1750 mm 2445 mm

2500 - 3150 A 1000 mm

≤ 1250 A 800 mm
24 kV 1750 mm 1750 mm 2570 mm
1600 - 3150 A 1000 mm

36 kV ≤ 1250 A 1100 mm 2350 mm 2350 mm 2820 mm

* Tested and certified for 13,8 kV

SNC-DB Double Busbar

Depth
Voltage Current Width Height
SNC-0DB SNC-1DB SNC-2DB

≤ 1250 A 800 mm
12 kV 1400 mm 1750 mm 3000 mm
1600 - 2500 A 1000 mm

≤ 1250 A 1000 mm
24 kV 1750 mm 1750 mm 2570 mm
1600 - 2500 A 1200 mm

≤ 1250 A 1400 mm 4050 mm

36 kV 2900 mm 2900 mm
1600 - 2500 A 1500 mm 4250 mm

15
AA1 Switching Equipment and Accessories
Rotary Disconnectors

SRS series Rotary Disconnector Switches are manufactured

according to IEC 62271-102 standard.
SRS type Rotary Disconnector are manufactured as 3 poles
and 2 positions. Together with SES type earthing switches,
it can be used as 3 poles and 3 positions.
When on-load switching operation isn’t necessary, the
disconnecting operation can be done safety without
required any other switching equipment.
In case of on-load switching operation the disconnecting
operation can be done safety together with connectors or
circuit breakers.

Technical Characteristics
• Rated Voltage : up to 36 kV
• Power Frequency Withstand Voltage : up to 70 kV SRS
• Lighting Impulse withstand Voltage : up to 170 kV
• Rated Frequency : 50/60 Hz
• Rated Current : up to 1250 A
• Short Circuit withstand Current : up to 25 kA (1 s)
• Mechanical Endurance : 1.000 Operation cycle
• Applicable standard : IEC 62271-102

SRS series Rotary Disconnector

Product Type Ur* Ir Ik tk Ud Up Ip

SRS-12/630-1601 16 kA 40 kA

SRS-12/630-2001 630 A 20 kA 50 kA

SRS-12/630-2501 25 kA 63 kA
12 kV 28 kV 75 kV
SRS-12/1250-1601 16 kA 40 kA

SRS-12/1250-2001 1250 A 20 kA 50 kA

SRS-12/1250-2501 25 kA 63 kA
1s
SRS-36/630-1601 16 kA 40 kA

SRS-36/630-2001 20 kA 50 kA

SRS-36/630-2501 25 kA 63 kA
36 kV 630 A 70 kV 170 kV
SRS-36/1250-1601 16 kA 40 kA

SRS-36/1250-2001 20 kA 50 kA

SRS-36/1250-2501 25 kA 63 kA

* Avaliable with and without earthing mechanism.

16
 Switching Equipment Dimensions A1
A
Earthing Switches

SES series Earthing Switches are used for earthing the

medium voltage systems in safety.
SES series Earthing Switches can operate with all type of
disconnector mechanisim. Thanks to the air insulated type,
disconnector contact position can be observed easly.
SES series Earthing Switches are manufactured according
to class E2-B to have 5 times making capacity.
SES series Earthing Switches are manufactured according
to IEC 62271-102 standard.

Technical Characteristics
• Rated Voltage : up to 36 kV
• Power Frequency Withstand Voltage : up to 90/120 kV
• Lighting Impulse withstand Voltage : up to 190/210 kV
• Rated Frequency : 50/60 Hz
• Rated Current : up to 4000 A SES
• Short Circuit withstand Current : up to 50 kA
• Short Circuit withstand Time :1/3s
• Mechanical Endurance : 1E2-B
• Applicable standard : IEC 62271-102

SES series Earthing Switches

Product Type Ur Ik* Ud Up Ip

SES-12/0000-1601 16 kA 40 kA

SES-12/0000-2001 20 kA 50 kA

SES-12/0000-2501 25 kA 63 kA
12 kV 28 kV 75 kV
SES-12/0000-3101 31.5 kA 80 kA

SES-12/0000-4001 40 kA 100 kA

SES-12/0000-5001 50 kA 125 kA

SES-24/0000-1601 16 kA 40 kA

SES-24/0000-2001 20 kA 50 kA

SES-24/0000-2501 25 kA 63 kA
24 kV 50 kV 125 kV
SES-24/0000-3101 31.5 kA 80 kA

SES-24/0000-4001 40 kA 100 kA

SES-24/0000-5001 50 kA 125 kA

SES-36/0000-1601 16 kA 40 kA

SES-36/0000-2001 20 kA 50 kA

SES-36/0000-2501 36 kV 25 kA 70 kV 170 kV 63 kA

SES-36/0000-3101 31.5 kA 80 kA

SES-36/0000-4001 40 kA 100 kA

SES-40/0000-1601 16 kA 40 kA

SES-40/0000-2001 20 kA 50 kA

SES-40/0000-2501 40.5 kV 25 kA 90-120 kV 190-210 kV 63 kA

SES-40/0000-3101 31.5 kA 80 kA

SES-40/0000-4001 40 kA 100 kA

* : Available as 1 or 3 sec.

17
AA1 Switchgears & Substations A2
E-House / Compact Substations.
Substations.................................................................................................................................................................20
............................................................................................................................................................... 20
Mobile Substations.................................................................................................................................................................................................
Substations................................................................................................................................................................................................. 23

18
 A2
Substations

Energy

Industry

Building

19
AA2 E-House / Compact Substations
Made by Sheet Steel

SCK-1 Series
SCK-1 series compact substations are made of galvanized
sheet steel with requested dimensions, according to IEC
62271-202 standard.

Advantages
• Internal arc classification in compliance with IAC A and B
• IP23D protection class
• Galvanized sheet steel construction, hot-dip galvanized
steel frame, electrostatic powder coat and NPU base
profiles
• Optional HVAC, fire detecting and extinguishing system
• Suitable design for each type LV and MV panels.
• Possibility to design on Trailer or rail

Technical Characteristics SCK-1

• Altitude : 1000 m
• Ambient temperature : -5 ... +50 °C
• Pollution degree : Class 3
• Maximum Solar Radiation : 1000 W/m2
• Earthquake Resistance : 0.5 g horizontal and vertical
• Inner wall thickness : 1 mm Galvanized steel sheet
• Outer wall thickness : 2 mm Galvanized steel sheet
• Frame thickness : 3 mm Hot-dip Galvanized
steel sheet
• Wall Thickness : 40 mm
• Insulation material : EPS (Expanded Polystyren Foam)
• Insulation density : 1.8 kg/m3
• Incombustibility degree : E
• R Value :7
• Protection Class : up to IP23D
• Applicable Standards : IEC 62271-202

Applications
• Power Transmission & Distribution
• Renewable Energy Production
• Transformer Substations
• Oil and Gas
• Petrochemical Industry

20
 E-House / Compact Substations A2
Made by Sheet Steel

SCK-2 Series
SCK-2 series compact substations are produced especially
in compliance with Zone 2 Hazardous area conditions for
power distribution at Oil & Gas applications.

Advantages
• Internal arc classification in compliance with IAC A and B
• Protection class from IP23D up to IP54
• Suitable insulation material to ambient conditions
• NPU or NPI base profiles made by hot-dip galvanized
against corrosion
• Doors can be opened 120° outside and designed
SCK-2
against to 20 J mechanical shock
• Rubber floor covering at level of 50kV and has A1
incombustibility degree
• HVAC, fire detecting and extinguisher system
• Special design and production to application
• Suitable design for each type LV and MV panels.
• Possibility to design on trailer or rail

Technical Characteristics

• Altitude : 1000 m
• Ambient Temperature : -25 ... +50 °C
• Earthquake Resistance : 0.5 g horizontal and 0.4 g vertical
• Ur : max 40.5 kV
• Fr : 50/60 Hz
• IAC : A and B
• IP : up to IP54
• Steel Class : St 37
• Hazerdous Area : Zone2
• Applicable Standards : IEC 62271-202

Applications
• Power Transmission & Distribution
• Renewable Energy Production
• Transformer Substations
• Oil and Gas
• Petrochemical Industry

21
AA2 E-House / Compact Substations
Made by Concrete

SMK series monoblock concrete kiosks are used for

transformer and distribution substations manufactured up
to 1600 kVA transformer power.
SMK series monoblock concrete kiosks are manufactured
in accordence with IEC and MYD standards and certified
as type tested from international accredited laboratories.

Advantages
• Modular design
• Operation in safety
• Easy transport and start up
• Long service life
• High strength due to C35 concrete
• Internal arc classification in compliance with IAC A and B
• Safety and tested earthing circuits
SMK
• Different product solutions to special projects
• Suitable design for each type LV and MV panels.

Technical Characteristics
• Altitude : 1000 m
• Ambient temperature : -5...+50 °C
• Pollution degree : Class 3
• Maximum solar radiation : 1000 W/m2
• Earthquake resistance : 0.5 g horizontal and
vertical
• IAC : A and B
• IP : IP23D
• Cl : 10 SPK series prefabricated concrete kiosks are used for
• Compressive strength class : C35 transformer and distribution substations manufactured up
• Applicable standard : IEC 62271-202 to 2500 kVA transformer power.
SPK series prefabricated concrete kiosks are manufactured
in accordence with IEC and MYD standards and certified as
type tested from international accredited laboratories.

Advantages
• Easy assembly and disassembly on site
• High strength due to C35 concrete
• Internal arc classification in compliance with IAC A and B
• Safety-tested earthing circuits
• Suitable depth dimensions for installment of metal clad
switchgear
• Different product solutions to special projects
• Manufacturing in compliance with internal arc test
received from accredited laboratories
• Suitable design for each type LV and MV panels.

Technical Characteristics
• Altitude : 1000 m
• Ambient temperature : -5...+50 °C
SPK • Pollution degree : Class 3
• Maximum solar radiation : 1000 W/m2
• Earthquake Resistance : 0.5 g horizontal and
vertical
• IAC : A and B
• IP : IP23D
• Cl : 10
• Compressive strength class : C35
• Applicable standard : IEC 62271-202

22
 Mobile Substations A2

SMS series Mobile Substations are transformer and

distribution substations, offer flexible and efficient solutions.
SMS series mobile substations are used for applications like
temporary power demands, mining applications, military
camps, industrial facilities, emergency power demands
and additional power requests.
SMS series mobile substations can be mounted on trailer,
platform, wagon, vessel according to the application and
HV switching equipment can be chosen as gas insulated
or air insulated. Complete substation can be equipped with
remote control systems. SMS series mobile substations can
be produced in a short time and low cost in comparison
with fixed type substations.

Advantages
• Mobile design
• Operation in safety
• Easy and quick transport and installment
• Special design solutions for different applications
• Diffferent applications on trailer, platform, wagon, vessel SMS 2
• Quick solution for emergency power or additional power
requests

Types
• SMS 1 : 3.6 – 40.5 kV / 0.23 - 0.69 kV, 50/60 Hz, 0.5 - 4 MVA
• SMS 2 : 3.6 – 40.5 kV / 1 - 24 kV, 50/60 Hz, 1 – 31.5 MVA
• SMS 3 : 52 - 245 kV / 3.6 - 40.5 kV, 50/60 Hz, 1 - 45 MVA

Application
• Temporary Power Demands
• Emergency Power Demands
• Additional Power Necessities
• Mining Applications
• Military Camps
• Industrial Facilities

SMS 3

23
Power Resistors B
Grounding Solutions.............................................................................................................................................................................................
Solutions............................................................................................................................................................................................. 26
Load Banks..................................................................................................................................................................................................................29
................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 29
Motor Control and Braking Resistors.....................................................................................................................................................
Resistors..................................................................................................................................................... 32
Filter Resistors........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Anti-Condensation Heater. Heater...............................................................................................................................................................................40
............................................................................................................................................................................. 40

24
 B
Power Resistors
Energy

Industry

Building

Traction

Renewable Energy
Systems

25
 Grounding Solutions
Neutral Grounding Resistors

Our resistors are manufactured against harsh weather and

industrial conditions with the range from low voltage to
high voltage at 52 kV insulation level and from low currents
B up to high currents of 10 kA.
The most common requirements are manufactured with
the line of standard products and the others are designed
and developed as tailor made according to the project
characteristics.

Technical Characteristics
• Nominal Voltage : up to 52 kV insulation class
• Fault Current : up to 10 kA
• Fault Duration : according to request
• Applicable Standards : ANSI/IEEE Std 32, IEEE-C57.32,
IEC 60071, IEC 60060-1

Other Parameters
• Continuous current rating; important for the resistor
performance especially at high IP degrees
• Protection degree of enclosure; standard IP23, available GR
from IP00 (w/o enclosure) to IP55,
• Enclosure; hot dip galvanized is standard, AISI304 /
AISI316 stainless steel and RAL 7035 color are options
• Auxiliary components; Disconnector Switch, Current
Transformers, Voltage Transformer, Surge Arrester, etc.

How to ground an electrical system is an important decision

for the electricity generation and distribution system.

The purpose of system grounding is;

- to control the system’s voltage with the respect to

ground, within predictable limits,
- to provide for a flow of current that will allow detection
of a short-circuit between phases and ground and
disable the voltage source (such as transformer or
generator).

The basic methods of neutral grounding are as follows and

each has its own purpose, advantage and disadvantage;

1. Through a Resistance
- Low-resistance
- High-resistance
2. Through a Reactance
3. Through a Peterson Coil (Resonant Grounding)
4. Through a Solidly grounded system
5. Through a Transformer
- Consist of a Single-Phase Transformer and Resistor,
- Zig-zag Transformer,
- Wye-Delta Transformer,
- Wye-Open Delta Transformer

26
 Grounding Solutions
Neutral Grounding Transformers

Neutral Grounding System Through a Single-Phase

Transformer and a Resistor
A single-phase grounding transformer and neutral
grounding resistor are used together in this system. This B
system is particularly suitable for grounding of generators,
because this system behaves normally as a non-grounded
system but limits the fault current when a phase to
ground fault occur. The primary winding of the grounding
transformer is connected to the neutral winding of the
system and neutral grounding resistor is connected to the
secondary winding of grounding transformer.

Obtain the System Neutral with Zig-Zag Transformer

In the case of delta-connected systems with no neutral
point or if the neutral point cannot be reached in some
way, an earthing transformer is used to create an artificial
neutral point and system can be grounded via this neutral
point. Most grounding transformers are designed to expose
fault current below 1 min (usually 10 s), so they are much
smaller in size than an ordinary three-phase continuously
rated transformer with the same rating and cheaper. One
of these grounding transformers is zig-zag transformers. GT

Obtain the System Neutral with Wye-Delta Transformer

A wye-delta connected three-phase transformer or
transformer bank can also be utilized for system grounding.
The primary phase windings are connected to the phases
of the system and the neutral point is connected directly or Obtain the System Neutral with Wye-Open Delta
via a resistance to the ground. The delta connection must Transformer
be closed to provide a path for the zero-sequence current, In this application, the neutral side of the primary of the
and the delta voltage rating is selected for any standard Wye open delta earthing transformer is directly connected
value. When a phase neutral fault occurs, the fault current to the ground. A limiting resistor is connected to the open
is limited to the sum of the transformer leakage reactance ends of the open delta which is connected secondary
and neutral resistance as the transformer has zero windings. When a phase earth fault occurs in the system,
sequence in the primary Wye windings and the secondary this resistance limits the current in closed secondary delta
delta is a closed series circuit. windings. In this way, the fault current in the primary
windings of the earthing transformer is also limited.

Technical Characteristics
• Nominal Voltage: up to 36 kV
• Nominal Fault Current: up to 3000 A
• Fault Duration: according to request (10,30,60 sec or others)
• Vector Groups: ZN (Zigzag), ZNyn, YNd(open), Ii0
• Cooling Types: AN, ONAN, ONAF
• Frequency: 50/60 Hz
• Installation: Indoor/Outdoor
• Enclosure with CT, VT and disconnector switch
alternatives
• Applicable Standards: ANSI/IEEE Std 32, IEEE-C57.32,
IEC 60076-6

27
 Grounding Solutions
Generator Neutral & Leads Cubicles

3 phases from the LV and MV generator are combined

inside the Generator Neutral Cubicles to provide a neutral
point. This neutral point is connected to the ground through
B a resistor. The purpose of Neutral Grounding;

• Limit the ground fault current to prevent any damage

to the generator and ensure operation continuity and
safety
• Provide sensing the fault current with the relays by
means of current transformer mounted inside the
Neutral Grounding Resistor and limiting the fault
duration.
• Send data to the relevant relays with phase current
transformers connected to the three phases prior to
the neutral point
• Limit oscillating and non-oscillating transient voltage
caused by the interruption of the failure current and so
protect the insulation level of system equipment
• Improve personnel safety by ensuring that the step
voltage on the site is maintained at safety levels GNH / GNC
• Prevent overheating and mechanical stress on the
equipment subject to failure current

Phase-ground fault current of generators are generally

limited to 5 A, 10 A or 20 A. Fault duration is generally set as
10 seconds. This can be up to 30 seconds at plants which Technical Specifications:
do not have any tolerance to sudden power interruptions.
• Suitable up to 17.5 kV
At hospitals, data centers, textile plants, cement plants
• Applicable for fault currents up to 5000 A
and other facilities that manufacture with injection, fault
• Stainless steel resistance material suitable for extreme
duration can be continuous unless the fault current do not
ambient conditions, resistant to oxidation and
damage the system to ensure continuity of system and
corrosion, (AISI304, AISI310, AISI316, AISI430, CrAl, CrNi)
determine the fault point without any power interruption.
• Special mechanical and electrical design to withstand
See “High-Resistance Neutral Grounding System” for
high temperature and extreme current values
detailed information.
• Internal current transformer detecting failure current
• Design and tests in accordance with ANSI/IEEE 32, IEC
The following basic parameters and a single-line scheme
62271-200 standard and special specifications
of the system, if possible, are required for preparing an
offer for a generator neutral grounding resistor system.
Enclosure:
Resistor Element: • Standard IP20 Protection Level suitable for indoor
usage and perfect cooling
• Spring-wound, edge-wound or grid resistor elements
• Enclosure with standard paint (RAL7035)
with a cross-section suitable for the nominal current
• Fully-modular, rigid, strong enclosure design with
• Fully-modular, bended and stainless steel bolt
resistor blocks mounted to the frame for safety lifting
connections in order to ensure electrical continuity at
from the upper or lower side
high temperature
• Lockable door with hinges
• High conductivity for high current with bended and
• Stainless Steel product and warning labels
cascaded terminal connectors suitable for serial and/
or parallel connections with high cross-section, low
Options:
contact resistance
• High internal insulation and high mechanical resistance • Requested protection level from IP20 to IP56
against shocks and sagging thanks to the use of large • Hot-dipped galvanized, stainless steel, aluminum
surface satiated bushings and M16 shear connectors enclosure
• Special designed to dissipate the thermal and • Painting enclosure in desired color code
mechanical effects of overcurrent to the surface grid • Entry from top or bottom with bushings
resistors • Additional equipment including voltage transformer,
• Phase to phase and phase to neutral voltage of the surge arrester, panel heater, analog display etc.
generator which the resistor is connected • Special design for high altitude
• Fault current level
• Fault duration
• Specifications of phase current transformers

28
 Load Banks

Load Banks are used performance tests of generators,

UPS, voltage regulators, power transformers, alternators
and test laboratories and also ensure to operate the
generators safely (dummy load). Aktif manufactures all
type of load banks with the required;
B
• Characteristics (R, L, C)
• Electric characteristics (AC, DC, V, A, kW)
• Stage precision
• Control (manual, HMI-controlled or automatic)
• Measuring methods
• Installation (indoor or outdoor)
• Rack mounted, portable, stationary and trailer mounted
alternatives

Applications
Load Banks are used in many industrial areas and
applications. As energy needs become more and more
important day by day, testing, protecting and maintaining LB
the resources that provide this energy temporarily or 2 MW, 400 V, 50 Hz
continuously is becoming more and more important. Major
usuage areas of Load Banks are listed below:
• Testing whether the products such as power transformer,
generator, alternator, UPS, regulator provide the design
values and reporting the electrical values read or
recorded during the test. Technical Characteristics
• Testing the generators, UPS or regulators after Load Banks can be manufactured for AC (50/60/400 Hz)
maintenance or repair on site or workshop. or DC and AG or OG operating voltages.
• No-load operation of generators is not requested. In
this case, automatically providing artificial load when Load banks based on load characteristics;
the load supplied by a generator falls below a certain • Resistive (kW-cosø: 1)
level (ideally 30%) • Inductive (kVAr)
• Automatic damping of the regenerative power which is • Resistive + Inductive + Capacitive (kVA-cosø: requested)
created when facilities where high-power motors are
Special designs can be made for different frequency and
driven by regenerative drives are supplied by generators.
cosø values.
• Load dispatch test at power plants
• Testing of alternators used by military or civil air, road AC Load Banks are designed in kW, kVAr or kVA and DC
or marine vehicles Load Banks are designed in Current (A).
• Controlled discharge and capacity testing of batteries
• Electrical and heat simulation and performance tests of Applicable Standards: IEC 60664-1, IEC 60529
data centers with load banks
• Inverter performance tests Physical Properties
Load Banks can manufactured IP 20 protection level for
indoor use, IP20 for outdoor use under shelter or IP 23 for
outdoor use on open area.

There are two types of load banks according to cooling

direction.
• horizontal air flow
• vertical air flow

LBR
19'', 6 kW 230 Vac

29
 Load Banks

Rack Mounted Data Center Load Banks

Datacenter Load Banks are known as Datacenter

B Simulators. These load banks shall be manufactured

suitable for 19” Rack Cabinets. Aktif’s Datacenter Load
Banks are designed to simulate server operation as
temperature rise of data hall and/or temperature rise time
period during simulated failure of the cooling system. C13
or C14 power socket shall be used for power connections.

Portable and Stationary Load Banks

Load banks are manufactured portable and case-type up
to 200 kW. Load banks up to 500 kW are manufactured
with wheels.

Over than 500 kW load banks are usually fixed on the

ground.

Trailer Mounted / Mobile Load Banks

Load banks can be installed on a trailer and transported LBR-R1
by a vehicle on demand. 19'', 6 kW 48 Vdc

Load Banks Control Types

“N0” (Without Control) Model
“N0” control model is used if the customer wants to control
the load bank themselves. Load bank includes loads, fans,
sensors and an empty control panel. The power cables of
the loads, the supply of the fans and the contacts of the
sensors are drawn into the terminals in the empty control
panel.

“N1” (Simplest Control) Model

It is the simplest and cheapest control model. Each load
phase is directly switched with miniature circuit breaker or
cam switches. A wattmeter is used for measurement.

“N2” (Contactor Control) Model

Loads are protected with miniature circuit breakers or
compact circuit breakers and switched with contactors.
Load contactors are controlled with buttons and their
LBR-03 (N2 Model) indicators on the control panel.
300 kW, 400 V, 50 Hz
The network analyzer on the control panel is used for
measurement. This analyzer allows reading of kW, kVAr,
kVA, A, V, f, cosø ... etc. Optionally, an analyzer with PC
communication (RS212, RS458 or USB port) is used to
monitor the measured values on the PC.

30
 Load Banks

“N3” (HMI Control) Model

Loads are protected with miniature circuit breakers or
compact circuit breakers and switched with contactors.
Load contactors are controlled through the interface B
of touchscreen “TFT LCD HMI Panel”. HMI runs with a
microprocessor-based electronic control board or in
integration with the PLC and with a communicating
network analyzer.

Operator can manually switch on all loads individually or

all in one go via the HMI interface and can automatically
control with many control options and scenario. In addition,
kW, kVAr, kVA, A, V, f, cosø, etc. are monitored on the HMI
screen. These values can also be stored on the HMI’s
memory card. Loads can be switched on only when there
is no safety issue. In addition, all errors are monitored on
HMI screen.

“N4” (Computer Control) Model

Loads are protected with miniature circuit breakers or
compact circuit breakers and switched with contactors.
Load contactors are controlled through the computer LBR-03 (N3 Model)
software. Operator can manually switch on all loads 300 kW, 400 V, 50 Hz
individually or all in one go via the computer software and
can automatically control with many control options and
scenario. In addition, kW, kVAr, kVA, A, V, f, cosø, etc. are
monitored on computer software. These values can also
be stored as an excel file in the computer and memory “N5” (Automatic Control) Model
card.
Loads are protected with miniature circuit breakers or
compact circuit breakers and switched with contactors.
Loads can be switched on only when there is no safety
Load contactors are controlled through the interface
issue. In addition, all errors are monitored on computer
of touchscreen “TFT LCD HMI Panel”. HMI runs with a
software.
microprocessor-based electronic control board or in
integration with the PLC and with a communicating
network analyzer.

No-load operation of generators is not requested. In this

case, Load Bank automatically provides artificial load by
microprocessor-based electronic control board or PLC
when the load supplied by a generator falls below a certain
level (ideally 30%).

Loads can be switched on only when there is no safety

issue. In addition, all errors are monitored on HMI screen.

LBR-R5 (N2 Model)

500 kW, 400 V, 50 Hz

31
 Motor Control and Braking Resistors
Dynamic Braking Resistors
“Dynamic Braking Resistors” are used to ensure fast
stopping or decrease the speed of AC and DC electric
motors controlled by speed drives (speed control devices).
B Aluminum Resistors
The resistor made of stainless steel wire is placed in an
aluminum case with a larger surface which allows good heat
dissipation. The space between the resistor and the case is
filled with a material which have high thermal conductivity
and electrical insulation. Resistors manufactured using this
technology can be used as braking resistors or capacitor
discharge resistors, constant load tester, wind power
plants, hybrid vehicles and other industrial applications.
As standard aluminum resistors are manufactured with
1 meter length fiber glass braided silicone cable, suitable
to rated current and connections resistant to high
temperature. They can be manufactured with connectors
or terminals on request.

Technical Characteristics BRA Series Aluminum Resistors

Maximum operating voltage : 1000 V

Resistance tolerance @ 20°C : ± 5%
Protection class : IP5X (Indoor only)
Insulation : 2 kV, 50/60Hz, 1 min
Applicable Standard : IEC 60664-1, IEC 60529 Frame Resistors
As the name states, Frame Resistors are resistors mounted
inside an enclosure where resistor elements are positioned
in open space environment. It is possible to connect
resistors in serial or parallel according to the requirements.
Besides the connection type wire cross-section or grid size
are calculated by an engineering software to perfectly fit
the application.
Frame resistors types are defined according to the type of
resistor design used in the enclosure. Different series are
defined as:
Spring Wound Resistor Element

Resistor Type Our Indication

Spring Wound Resistor S Series

Edge Wound Resistor E Series

Grid Resistor G Series

Edge Wound Resistor Element

The Frame Resistors can be manufactured to be used in
outdoor applications as well as indoor applications when
the frame is manufactured accordingly.
Galvanized steel is used for indoor type frame resistor
and stainless steel is used for outdoor type frame resistor.
Stainless steel provides higher corrosion resistance and
lifetime than painted frames.

All S, E and G series frame resistors can be manufactured

either as indoor or outdoor type.

Grid Resistor Element

32
 Motor Control and Braking Resistors
Dynamic Braking Resistors

Spring Wound Resistors

Spring wound (wire wound) resistor elements are used

inside S series frame resistors. This type is perfectly suitable B
for short-time overloads due to its spiral form. Heated wire
absorbs any expansion thanks to spiral form and gets
back to its colder form. With this feature, the spring resistor
ensures safety and a long operating life for especially the
braking resistors.

Technical Characteristics
Maximum operating voltage : 1000 V
Resistance tolerance @ 20°C : ± 5%
Protection class (Indoor) : IP20
BRS-D01b
(Outdoor) : IP23
Insulation: : 3 kV, 50/60Hz, 1 min
Frame Material (Indoor) : Galvanized steel
(Outdoor) : Stainless steel
Applicable Standard : IEC 60664-1, IEC 60529

Edge Wound Resistors

Edge Wound Resistors are used for E-series frame resistors.
In Edge Wound Resistor type, the resistor element is in the
form of stainless steel stripe plate. This stripe plate is wound
on an electro-ceramic frame vertically. Large cross-section
and the capability of fast cooling offer an optimal solution
for high power - low resistance braking resistors.

Technical Characteristics
Maximum operating voltage : 1000 V
Resistance tolerance @ 20°C : ± 5%
Protection class (Indoor) : IP20
(Outdoor) : IP23
BRE-D28n Insulation : 3 kV, 50/60Hz, 1 min
Frame material (Indoor) : Galvanized steel
(Outdoor) : Stainless steel

Grid Resistors
G series braking resistors are manufactured in blocks by
connecting in serial or in parallel with the desired power
and resistance value by the stainless steel grid type
resistors specially designed according to the desired
current density. They are generally used for high power
and low resistance applications.

Technical Characteristics
Maximum operating voltage : 1000 V
Resistance tolerance @ 20°C : ± 5%
Protection class (Indoor) : IP20
(Outdoor) : IP23
Insulation : 3 kV, 50/60Hz, 1 min
BRG-D04a BRG-H02a Frame material (Indoor) : Galvanized steel
(Outdoor) : Stainless steel

33
 Motor Control and Braking Resistors
Motor Starting Resistor

Motor Starting Resistors

All kind of motors used in the industry draw high current (up

B to 6-12 times) until the they reach rated speed and rated
torque if they are connected to the load. Such overcurrent
may damage the engine as well as other system
equipment. Motor starting resistors limit overcurrent and
help the motor to reach the nominal speed in stages
without drawing too high current.

With developing speed drives, motors can be started and

controlled as requested. Aktif can design, manufacture
and support the suitable motor starting resistor in terms of
spare parts and replacements for current systems.

Motor starting resistors can be classified in two groups;

Stator Resistors:
Serial connected and staged resistors are connected to the MYD
motor entry (stator side) of squirrel-cage asynchronous
motor and DC motors to reduce the input voltage and
resistors are switched off in stages through contactors to
decrease the motor input voltage and balance the torque For DC motors
speed.
• Motor votlage (V)
Rotor Resistors: • Motor current (A)
• Starting current, if requested (A)
Serial connected and staged resistors are connected to • Self winding resistance, if known
the rotor of a slip ring wound rotor asynchronous motors • Requested number of stages
to increase the motor impedance. Resistors are switched • Starting time in case of a starting resistor
off in stages through contactors to decrease the rotor
impedance in stages and balance the torque speed. Resistor Element:

Motor starting resistors are used in the following • Spring-wound, edge-wound or grid resistor elements
applications; with a suitable cross-section
• Fully-modular, bended and stainless steel bolt
• Steel industry connections in order to ensure electrical continuity at
• Mining high temperature
• Cement plants and other heavy industry, • High conductivity for high current with bended and
• Rolling, conveyor, lifting, breaking, mixing and pumping cascaded terminal connectors suitable for serial and/
applications or parallel connections with high cross-section, low
contact resistance
The following basic parameters are required for making • High internal insulation and high mechanical resistance
an offer for a motor starting resistor. against shocks and sagging thanks to the use of
large surface satiated bushings and M16 shear
For slip ring wound rotor asynchronous motors; connectors

• Motor power (kW / Hp) Enclosure:

• Rotor Voltage (V) • Standard IP23 Protection Level suitable for outdoor
• Rotor Current (A) usage or IP20 suitable for indoor usage and perfect
• Rotor rpm (nr) cooling
• Connection (star/delta) • Standard hot-dipped galvanized sheet steel
• Self winding resistance, if known • Fully-modular, rigid, strong enclosure design with
• Requested number of stages resistor blocks mounted to the frame for safety lifting
• Starting time in case of a starting resistor from the upper or lower side
• Easy access and maintenance to the resistor blocks on
site thanks to blocks independently mounted to the
frame
• Corrosion-resistant handling rings and connectors
• Stainless steel product and warning label

34
 Filter Resistors
Harmonic Filter Resistors

Use of power electronic equipment (HVDC, SVC etc.) with

technological developments and non-linear loads such as

B
arc and induction ovens have caused to the harmonics
(magnitudes different than the network frequency) and
have decreased the power quality.
This issue affects other linear loads which do not cause
harmonics and caus overheating, insulation problems,
short operating life and significant loss of efficiency.
Harmonics do not result in any benefits but cause
significant power losses at the network.
Passive harmonic filtration is the most efficient and cost-
effective method to eliminate harmonics. The harmonic
filter systems can only consist of capacitor and reactor
(LC) in principle. However, in this case, a change in the
value of the capacitor or reactor due to manufacturing
defect, aging or temperature can affect the filtering
severely and may cause the parallel resonance to increase
even more harmonics. This sensitivity can be controlled
by adding resistance to the filter circuit and the harmonic
DR
filter system so that it can continue to work with the same
efficiency for a long time.
For low-voltage systems, harmonic filtering with a capacitor
and a reactor is a more optimal solution due to low risk. Resistor Element
However, considering the risk of changing the capacitance • Spring-wound, edge-wound or grid resistor elements
of the capacitor and the damage that may occur using with low inductance and a cross-section suitable for the
harmonic filter resistance is a more optimum solution in nominal current
medium voltage and high voltage systems. • Fully-modular, bended and stainless steel bolt
connections in order to ensure electrical continuity at
Technical Characteristics high temperature
• Suitable up to 36 kV rated voltage • High conductivity for high current with bended and
• Stainless steel resistance material suitable for extreme cascaded terminal connectors suitable for serial and/
ambient conditions, resistant to oxidation and corrosion, or parallel connections with high cross-section, low
low resistance variation against to temperature and contact resistance
low inductance • High internal insulation and high mechanical resistance
• Special mechanical and electrical design to withstand against shocks and sagging thanks the use of large surface
high temperature and inrush current satiated bushings and M16 shear connectors
• Design and tests in accordance with IEC 60071-1 and • Special designed to dissipate the thermal and mechanical
CIGRE WG 14.30 Section 17 Resistors and other special effects of overcurrent to the surface grid resistors
specifications
• Insulated from ground and suitable for the isolation Enclosure
level between the input terminal and the ground, • Standard IP23 Protection Level suitable for outdoor
between the output terminal and the ground and usage and perfect cooling
between the input and output terminals • Standard hot-dipped galvanized steel
• Frame suitable for side by side (horizontal) or stacked
(vertical) installation
• Side or top entry or exit with bushings based on
insulation level
• Fully-modular, rigid, strong enclosure design with
resistor blocks mounted to the frame for safety lifting
from the upper or lower side
• Easy access and maintenance to the resistor blocks on
site thanks to blocks independently mounted to the frame
• Corrosion-resistant handling rings and connectors
• Stainless steel product and warning labels

35
 Filter Resistors
RC Snubbers Filters
Voltage sags and swells occur on the electric network
while switching inductive loads such as shunt reactors,
power transformers and high-power motors and during
B operation of arc furnaces which work with the principle
of short circuit. Voltage protection relays detect voltage
sags and swells as a failure and may disable the load in
an uncontrolled manner. Voltage sags and swells may also
cause stress on the load insulation on the electric network,
loss of operating life and even serious damages.

In order to attenuate the transient voltage that occur during

the commissioning of such loads of inductive character, the
snubber capacitor which do not allow sudden changes in
the voltage and the series-dependent damping resistance
are used.

RC snubber filters are connected parallel to the network

as close as possible to the load causing transient voltage.
During the transient voltages occurring at high frequencies,
the RC filters' impedance decreases to low value, prevent
over-voltage of the mains voltage and damp the oscillation
very soon.

Technical Specifications: Enclosure:

• Suitable up to 36 kV • Standard IP23 Protection Level suitable for outdoor
• Stainless steel resistance material suitable for extreme usage and perfect cooling
ambient conditions, resistant to oxidation and corrosion • Standard hot-dipped galvanized steel
low resistance variation against temperature and low • Fully-modular, rigid, strong enclosure design with
inductance resistor blocks mounted to the frame for safety lifting
• Special mechanical and electrical design to withstand from the upper or lower side
high temperature and inrush current • Easy access and maintenance to the resistor blocks on
• Design and tests in accordance with IEC 60071-1 and site thanks to blocks independently mounted to the
other special specifications frame
• Door with hinges and lock
Resistor Element: • Corrosion-resistant handling rings and connectors
• Stainless steel product and warning labels
• Spring-wound, edge-wound or grid resistor elements
with low inductance and a cross-section suitable for the
Options:
nominal current
• Fully-modular, bended and stainless steel bolt • Requested inductance limits
connections in order to ensure electrical continuity at • Stainless steel, aluminum enclosure
high temperature • Painting enclosure in desired color code
• High conductivity for high current with bended and • Top or bottom entry or exit with bushings
cascaded terminal connectors suitable for serial and/ • Modular elevation legs suitable for extreme
or parallel connections with high cross-section, low environmental conditions
contact resistance • Special design for high altitude
• High internal insulation and high mechanical resistance
against to shocks and sagging thanks to the use of
large surface satiated bushings and M16 shear
connectors
• Special designed to dissipate the thermal and
mechanical effects of overcurrent to the surface grid
resistors

36
 Filter Resistors
Current Limiting Resistors
Current limiting resistors are used to reduce the transient
current and to adjust the test current to the desired value
at power laboratories and some special applications.

Current limiting resistors are especially designed and

B
manufactured according to their intended purpose.

Technical Specifications:
• Stainless steel resistance material suitable for extreme
ambient conditions, resistant to oxidation and corrosion
low resistance variation against temperature and low
inductance
• Special mechanical and electrical design to withstand
high temperature and inrush current
• Design and tests in accordance with relevant standards
and other special specifications

Resistor Element:
• Spring-wound, edge-wound or grid resistor elements
with low inductance and a cross-section suitable for the
nominal current
• Fully-modular, bended and stainless steel bolt
connections in order to ensure electrical continuity at Enclosure:
high temperature
• Standard IP23 Protection Level suitable for outdoor
• High conductivity for high current with bended and
usage and perfect cooling
cascaded terminal connectors suitable for serial and/
• Standard hot-dipped galvanized steel
or parallel connections with high cross-section, low
• Frame suitable for side by side (horizontal) or stacked
contact resistance
(vertical) installation
• High internal insulation and high mechanical resistance
• Side or top entry or exit with bushings based on
• against shocks and sagging thanks to the use of large
insulation level
surface satiated bushings and M16 shear connectors
• Fully-modular, rigid, strong enclosure design with
• Special designed to dissipate the thermal and
resistor blocks mounted to the frame for safety lifting
mechanical effects of overcurrent to the surface grid
from the upper or lower side
resistors
• Easy access and maintenance to the resistor blocks on
site thanks to blocks independently mounted to the
frame
• Corrosion-resistant handling rings and connectors
• Stainless steel product and warning labels

Options:
• Requested protection level from IP00 to IP55
• Requested inductance limits
• Stainless steel, aluminum enclosure
• Painting enclosure in desired color code
• Side or top entry or exit with bushings
• Modular elevation legs suitable for extereme
environmental conditions
• Special design for high altitude

37
 Filter Resistors
Ferroresonance (Damping) Resistor

Ferroresonance is a nonlinear resonance phenomenon that

affects power networks. Circuit must contain at least below

B
circuit elements as it can be defined as ferroresonance:

• Non-linear saturable inductance (ex; transformer)

• Capacitor
• Resistor

In a circuit consists of these elements; by changing the

values of an electrical component, the values of current
and voltage values on the terminals at other components
change suddenly.

Ferroresonance begins some switching events such as;

load rejection, energizing or de-energizing of transformer, FR
switching of circuit breaker. The causes risk to it can be
listed as follows: In ferromagnetic circuits which wirings of ferromagnetic
materials such as iron, ferroresonance occurs because of
• Idling or operation on low load on the systems the inductance. Transformers are an excellent example of
grounded neutral point ferromagnetic inductance.
• Insulation faults,
• Overloading or idling of voltage transformer Preventing Ferroresonance On Voltage Transformers
• Switching one or two phases
• Dissymmetry caused by connection errors When the single pole inductive voltage transformer is used,
• Switching transformers or capacitors keep in mind that ferroresonance can be occurred if the
• Connecting low load power transformers to network circuit closes or in the process of earthing fault damping.
with short circuit load
• Long and / or capacitive cable feeding a transformer Ferroresonance may cause to overheating of voltage
• Streak of lightning on transmission lines transformers and accordingly damage or over induction. It
can be damped only by lowering the voltage or connecting
When the ferroresonance occurs some of the below a fixed ohmic resistance.
symptoms are accompanied:
Although predicting when the ferroresonance might occur,
• Phase-to-phase or phase-to-neutral long-term over its risk can be preventing or reducing by taking precautions
voltages in advance.
• Long – term overcurrents
• Distortion on the current and voltage waveforms There are some preventive measures for ferroresonance.
• Displacement of the neutral point voltage However, the most practical and the most economical
• Transformer overheating (at no load) method is using ohmic resistance with open-delta winding
• Load noise in voltage transformers and overheating in on voltage transformers’ secondary wirings.
core and primary windings
• The failures cause of thermal effect or insulation When the voltage transformers’ protection windings are
breakdown on electrical materials (capacitor banks, used as circuit in Figure-1 (a fixed ohmic resistor is connected
current – voltage transformers etc.) to ends of open-delta connection) third harmonic currents
flow and thus the resonance is prevented. The advantage
Ferroresonance On The Voltage Transformers of this resistor doesn't affect measurement precicion and
doesn't cause any loss under normal operation conditions.
A good example about VT destruction by ferroresonance Open-delta circuit should be grounded from only one
is that the primary winding is destroyed and secondary point shown as Figure-1. Resistor damps only unbalanced
winding remains intact. situations. On balanced situations, there is no current flow
at open- delta circuit.
However, all of these symptoms are not specific to the
ferroresonance. For example; displacement of the neutral
point may be the consequence of a single phase to earth
fault an unearthed neutral system.

Voltage transformers can be into two different types as

inductive and capacitive. Inductive voltage transformers
are more prone to ferroresonance. Because, they have
more inductive characters and so they need more
capacitance to convert ferroresonance circuit. Open delta connection circuit

38
 Filter Resistors
Discharge Resistors

Discharge resistors are used to discharge the capacitors

and batteries. Discharging the capacitors and batteries

B
may be compulsory for maintenance. Discharging may be
for safety reasons or in order to do load testing at power
laboratories and some special applications.

Discharge resistors are especially designed and

manufactured according to their intended purpose.

Technical Specifications:

• Stainless steel resistance material suitable for extreme

ambient conditions, resistant to oxidation and
corrosion, low resistance variation against temperature
and low inductance
• Special mechanical and electrical design to withstand
high temperature and inrush current
• Design and tests in accordance with relevant standards Options:
and other special specifications
• Requested protection level from IP00 to IP55
Resistor Element: • Requested inductance limits
• Stainless steel, aluminum enclosure
• Spring-wound, edge-wound or grid resistor elements • Painting enclosure in desired color code
with low inductance and a cross-section suitable for the • Side or top entry or exit with bushings
nominal current • Modular elevation legs suitable for extereme
• Fully-modular, bended and stainless steel bolt environmental conditions
connections in order to ensure electrical continuity at • Special design for high altitude
high temperature
• High conductivity for high current with bended and
cascaded terminal connectors suitable for serial and/
or parallel connections with high cross-section, low
contact resistance
• High internal insulation and high mechanical resistance
against to shocks and sagging thanks to the use of
large surface satiated bushings and M16 shear
connectors
• Special designed to dissipate the thermal and
mechanical effects of overcurrent to the surface grid
resistors

Enclosure:

• Standard IP23 Protection Level suitable for outdoor

usage and perfect cooling
• Standard hot-dipped galvanized steel
• Frame suitable for side by side (horizontal) or stacked
(vertical) installation
• Side or top entry or exit with bushings based on
insulation level
• Fully-modular, rigid, strong enclosure design with
resistor blocks mounted to the frame for safety lifting
from the upper or lower side
• Easy access and maintenance to the resistor blocks on
site thanks to blocks independently mounted to the
frame
• Corrosion-resistant handling rings and connectors
• Stainless steel product and warning labels

39
 Anti-Condensation Heaters

Climatic properties such as the air temperature and

humidity in the environment where the electrical cubicles
are installed are very important for the continuity of the
B system and the safety of the personnel.

The amount of water in the air is called moisture. As the

temperature increases, the amount of water in the unit air
increases. Sudden decreases in air temperature cause
some of the moisture in it to become water, which is called
a dew point. The water formed with the beginning of the PR
condensation is distributed to the surfaces inside the
electrical cubicle in the form of tiny droplets. This situation
poses great risks in M.V. switchgears. These water drops Usage Guidelines for Anti-Condensation Heaters:
are spread over board cubicles, insulators, MV circuit
breakers, and other electrical equipment to reduce safe • One or more Anti-Condensation Heaters and a
creepage distances to dangerous values. This may result separate thermostat (if used) shall be used for each
in partial discharges or direct insulation fault (discharges). medium voltage cubicle.

The way to eliminate this risk is to use an anti-condensation • The thermostat shall not be used or shall set for a very
heater. large limit.

Technical Specifications: • Anti-Condensation Heaters shall be manufactured

by wire winding resistance inside high cooling surface
• Resistance Element: Wire wound, high efficiency aluminum frame.
• Cartridge Resistance
• Frame Profile: High cooling surface aluminum • Under normal conditions, 100 W per m³ Aktif heater
• Insulation: 2 kV 50/60 Hz 1 min. (winding resistance inside high cooling surface
• Protection Degree: IP 20 aluminum frame) is enough. In a 2 m³ cubicle, a 100 W
• Applicable Standard: IEC 60664-1 Aktif heater can achieve a 12% reduction in 1 hour. If this
cubicle is used in a place where the humidity reaches
Advantages: 95% values, it is correct to increase the heater power
• The most efficient body surface area that can be used to 150 W. In this case, the power of the heater for each
in the environment heating are increased extrusion and cubicle shall be determined by considering the site
anodized aluminum. Aktif heaters’ frames have 120% conditions and cubicle volume.
more surface efficiency than stainless pipe heaters.
• Anti-Condensation Heaters shall be mounted on the
• MGO powder is used for insulation material. The heaters bottom of the cubicle at a maximum height of 20 cm
have an insulation level of 2kV 1 min. In addition, this from the floor due to the rise of the heated air and
powder increases the mechanical strength and vibration generally the humidity ingression from the bottom.
resistance of the heater.
• The active heating surfaces of the Anti-Condensation
• As the resistance element is stainless and has very low Heaters shall be mounted so that they do not touch the
temperature coefficient been used, the power of the cubicle construction. Because the high surface area
heater does not reduce during operation. PTC heaters construction reduces the temperature of the heater
cannot prevent condensation as their power significantly surface by contact, it significantly reduces the efficiency.
reduce while operating.
• In order to prevent to be switched off for any reason, a
• Aktif heaters offer the best solution as moisture control can be established to monitor the heater circuit.
reduction performance. It is 60% more efficient than
pipe heaters and 670% more than PTC heaters. • Since the Anti-Condensation Heater surface temperature
is high, it must be installed at a minimum distance of
• The distribution of heat inside the cubicle is important 10 cm from the materials to be affected by the
for the Anti-Condensation Heaters in order to perform temperature.
its task homogeneously. Heat dissipation at different
points of the cubicle is max. 20 ºC for Aktif heaters. • A common misconception is that the heater is installed
in the cubicle and the thermostat is installed in the LV
• The moisture reduction rate of the Anti-Condensation cabinet. Since the thermodynamic values between
Heaters shall be equivalent to the temperature falling these two environments are different, the thermostat
rate. and the heater shall be in the same environment.

40
Power Quality & Power Factor Correction C
Power Quality Engineering...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Engineering............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
Power Capacitors.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Capacitors..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 45
Harmonic Filter Reactors...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Reactors................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 46
Shunt Reactor.
Reactor.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 47
Thymod Series Static Electronic Switches. Switches.............................................................................................................................................................................................48
........................................................................................................................................................................................... 48
Compensation Rack Units. Units................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 49
Capacitor Banks.
Banks........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................52
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 52
Shunt Reactor Banks.
Banks............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 55

42
 C
Power Quality &
Power Factor
Correction

Energy

Industry

Building

Renewable Energy

43
 Power Quality Engineering

Power quality engineering is an application of measuring

electrical system with proper equipment in conformity
with related international standards and generating
site analyzes reports by expert engineers who must be
competent in in Power Quality.

The right method of measurements is capturing all

parameters at the correct measuring points with
appropriate periods and sampling sensitivity according to
EN 50160, IEC 61000-4-7, IEC 61000-4-15 and IEC 61000-4-30
C standards.

Aktif has been providing power quality services like

measuring, analyzing, reporting, solution providing,
designing, manufacturing, commissioning and consultancy
at any level of electricity since 1996.

Advantages
• Analyzing electrical network and determining the
problems
• Designing best solutions according to measurement
data and analysis
• Providing most economic solutions
• Preventing of reactive penalties
• Removing of energy losses
• Allowing more effective usage of the transformer.
• Increasing the life of electrical equipment like
transformer, motors, switches, etc
The following data should be recorded during the
measurement;
• Voltage Sag
• Voltage Swell
• Voltage Interruption
• Voltage Unbalance
• Power Frequency
• Flicker – Pst, Plt
• Notch
• Transient
• Harmonics

In addition to above measurements, the following data

should be recorded during measurement of:
• Voltage Measurements
Vrms, Vr, Vs, Vt, Vo, Vpoz, Vneg
• Current Measurements
Irms, Ir, Is, It, Io, Ipoz, Ineg
• Crest Factor Measurements
CF-Vr, CF-Vs, CF-Vt
CF-Ir, CF-Is, CF-It

Power Flow and Harmonic Simulation

44
 Power Capacitors

Asset LTC series capacitors have excellent design in

cylindrical aluminum. Capacitors, designed for power
factor correction at low voltage system in accodance with
IEC 60831-1, 2.

LTC series capacitors are designed to minimize the inital

costs and maintanance periods.

Applications:
• Automatic Capacitor banks
•
•
Automatic Power factor correction banks
Automatic Harmonic Filter banks
C
• Fixed capacitor applications (for motor, transformers, etc)
• Fixed filter applications

Features
• Dry type technology
• Non-flammable design
• Optional touch-proof terminals
• Maintenance-free
• Easy disposal
• Reduced mounting cost
• Excellent self-healing
• Environmentally friendly LTC

Nominal Power (50 / 60 Hz) Model / Reference Dimensions (a x b)

5 kVAr @525 V 3,12 kVAr @415 V LTC-3P-5k-525V 55 mm x 200 mm
10 kVAr @525 V 6,25 kVAr @415 V LTC-3P-10k-525V 75 mm x 210 mm
20 kVAr @525 V 12,50 kVAr @415 V LTC-3P-20k-525V 100 mm x 240 mm
40 kVAr @525 V 25 kVAr @415 V LTC-3P-40k-525V 120 mm x 240 mm

Technical Specification
Over voltage 1.10 Un/8 h daily, 1.15 Un/30 min daily, 1.30 Un/1 min daily
Over current 1.3 x In
Inrush current 200 x In
Losses ≤ 0.25 W/kVAr (without discahge resistor)
Tolerance ±5%
Test Voltage (Terminal/Terminal) 2.15 Un, 10 sec
Test Voltage (Terminal/Case) Un ≤ 600V : 3000 Vac/10 sec, Un > 660 Vac : 6000 Vac/10 sec
Useful Life 150.000 hours
Temperature -25 ... +55°C
Cooling Natural or forced
Humidity Max 95%
Altitude ≤ 1000 m
Mounting Vertical/Horizontal
Install M12 mm stud on bottom of case
Safety New dry technology, self-healing, overpressure and over current disconnector protection
Discharge External type discharge resistor is included
Case Extruded aluminium
Protection IP20
Dielectric Metallized polypropylene film
Standard IEC 60831-1,2, VDO0560-46,47, GB12747-91, CE

45
 Harmonic Filter Reactors

Asset AR series low voltage harmonic filter reactors are

used in the high level of harmonic distortion in facilities
for compensating of reactive power and protecting of
capacitors. Which is the main staff in compensation
systems and annihilating other negative effects. AR series
harmonic filter reactors are manufactured as single phase
and three phase. AR series reactors have 3 poles and 6
poles options. Furthermore, reactors have aluminum and
copper coil options.

C Advantages
• Manufactureted according to customer’s request
• Aluminum and copper coil options
• Easy mounting to different type of panels
• High quality and long life period

AR

Technical Characteristics
• Rated Voltages : up to 1000 Vac
• Rated Frequency : 50/60 Hz
• Resonance Frequency : 132 ... 235 Hz
• Degree of protection : IP 00
• Power Range : up to 150 kVAr
a • Over Voltage : 1.1 x Un
• Inductance Tolerance : Max %3
• Temperature Class : F Class
• Standards : EN 61558-1, EN 60076-6,
VDE 0550
• Loss Factor : < %1 x Qn
b c

Dimensions Weight Capacitor to be used

Reactor Power Model / Reference (%p)
axbxc (kg) together

5 kVAr @525 V 3,13 kVAr @400 V AR-3P-5K-525V 7 142 x 120 x 110 mm 4,2 1 pc LTC -3P- 5K-525V

10 kVAr @525 V 6,25 kVAr @400 V AR-3P-10K-525V 7 176 x 180 x 117 mm 6,2 1 pc LTC-3P-10K-525V

20 kVAr @525 V 12,5 kVAr @400 V AR-3P-20K-525V 7 205 x 240 x 110 mm 11,5 1 pc LTC-3P-20K-525V

40 kVAr @525 V 25 kVAr @400 V AR-3P-40K-525V 7 205 x 240 x 130 mm 17,3 1 pc LTC-3P-40K-525V

80 kVAr @525 V 50 kVAr @400 V AR-3P-80K-525V 7 255 x 300 x 141 mm 25,9 2 pcs LTC-3P-40K-525V

120 kVAr @525 V 75 kVAr @400 V AR-3P-120K-525V 7 305 x 339 x 179 mm 46,4 3 pcs LTC-3P-40K-525V

Above reactors are our standard models suitable with our LTC capacitors. Please contact for any specific request.

46
 Shunt Reactors

SR series shunt reactors have been used to compensate

capacitive reactive power generated by long and
unloaded transmission / distribution lines, thus allowing
the flow of more active power through the system and
avoiding penalties resulting from increasing of capacitive
reactive power / active power ratio. These shunt reactors
are the most effective method of compensating capacitive
reactive power.

Advantages
• Manufactureted according to customer’s request C
• Aluminum and copper coil options
• Easy mounting to different type of panels
• High quality and long life period

SR

Technical Characteristics
• Rated Voltage : up to 1000 Vac
• Rated Frequency : 50/60 Hz
• Degree of protection : IP 00
• Power Range : up to 50 kVAr
• Over Voltage : 1.1 x Un
a • Inductance Tolerance : Max 5%
• Temperature Class : F Class
• Rated Ambient Temperature : to 40 oC
• Standards : EN 61558-1,
EN 60076-6
• Loss Factor : < %1 x Qn
b c

Dimensions Weight
Power Reference
axbxc (kg)

1 kVAr @400 V SR-3P-1K-400V 240 x 220 x 175 mm 6,6

2,5 kVAr @400 V SR-3P-2K-400V 240 x 220 x 175 mm 11,7

5 kVAr @400 V SR-3P-5K-400V 300 x 280 x 220 mm 21,5

10 kVAr @400 V SR-3P-10K-400V 360 x 260 x 250 mm 37,7

25 kVAr @400 V SR-3P-25K-400V 480 x 360 x 215 mm 92

50 kVAr @400 V SR-3P-50K-400V 540 x 315 x 550 mm 181

Above reactors are our standard models. Please contact for specific request.

47
 Thymod Series Static Electronic Switches

Asset Thymod series Static Electronic contactors are the

electronic switching units that used for the capacitor banks
without any discharge delay in the plants where switching
the capacitor banks according to load variation cannot be
possible and change load variation fast.
ThyMod series static electronic contactors have been
developed according to the related IEC standards to
balance the reactive power and solve the energy quality
problems in complex industrial plants where used devices

C
that are sensitive to voltage changes such as PLCs,
industrial computers, industrial robots, welding machines.

Advantages
• Ultra-rapid power factor compensation
• Zero crossing technology
• Transient free switching
• Silent capacitor switching
• No need to wait for discharge time before re-switching
• Theoretically unlimited number of switching operations
• Modular and compact standardized design
• Easy to install and replace
• Long life time
• Power steps up to 100 kVAr
• Direct connection up to 480 V

2 Phase Control 3 Phase Control

Connection Schema Connection Schema Thymod

Technical Characteristics
• Rated Voltage : 400 V AC
• Max. Operation Voltage : 480 V AC
• Rated Frequency : 50 / 60 Hz
• Rated Current : Up to 160 A
• Response time : < 40 ms
• Degree of protection : IP 20
• Operation Temperature : -10 °C / + 55 °C
• Type of Semiconductor : Thyristor – Thyristor Module
• Mass : 6100 g
• Dimensions (WxDxL) : 125 x 225 x 240 mm
• Mounting : Vertical Mounting to
Mounting Base
• Standards : EN 60429-1 , IEC 60439-1,
IEC 60439-2

Product Range

Model Connection Type Maximum power at 400 V

Thymod- 25400-3P2 2 phase 25 kVAr

Thymod- 50400-3P2 2 phase 50 kVAr

Thymod-100400-3P2 2 phase 100 kVAr

Thymod- 25400-3P3 3 phase 25 kVAr

Thymod- 50400 -3P3 3 phase 50 kVAr

Thymod-100400-3P6 3 phase 100 kVAr

48
 Rack Units
Units C5 Compensation Rack

C5 series compensation racks provide customers different

power level options thanks to its modular design. This
modular design provides rapid and effective solution
during installation, maintenance and system development
period.
Production and test periods of C5 series compensation
racks comply with International IEC standards. Racks
are ready to use and there is no need to add any extra
component. Electrical safety of plant is guaranteed thanks

C
to its resistance to voltage and current rise.
C5 series compensation racks are suitable to install all kind
of panels, save labor and time, have possibility to increase
power by additional racks thanks to its modular design.

Dimensions of C5 Rack

C5

248

550

400
Advantages
• Reduce the labor cost with its fast and easy installation
• Allow fast production and delivery
• Secured against touching
• Allow maintanance from the front
• Reduce the maintenance cost
• Long life by using of LTC series capacitors
• No additional material is required
160 240

Technical Characteristics
550 • Rated Voltage : 380 ... 525V
• Nominal Frequency : 50 / 60 Hz
• Environment Temperature : -10 … +45 °C
• Switching : Contactors
248

Power (50/60 Hz) Model / Reference Weight (kg)

5 kVAr @525 V 3.125 kVAr @400/415 V C5-3P-5k-525V 4

10 kVAr @525 V 6.25 kVAr @400/415 V C5-3P-10k-525V 5

20 kVAr @525 V 12.5 kVAr @400/415 V C5-3P-20k-525V 6

40 kVAr @525 V 25 kVAr @400/415 V C5-3P-40k-525V 9

80 kVAr @525 V 50 kVAr @400/415 V C5-3P-80k-525V 16

2 x 80 kVAr @525 V 2 x 50 kVAr @400/415 V C5-3P-160k-525V 24

Above types are our standard models. Please contact for specific request.

49
 Rack Units
C7 Rack Units with Detuned Reactor

C7 series compensation racks provide to customers

different power level option thanks to its modular design.
This modular design provides rapid and effective solutions
in installation, maintenance and system development
period.
For the capacitors to be protected against harmonics,
harmonic filter reactors are connected to the capacitors
in serie and protect them against the dangerous harmonic
current flows. Electrical safety of plant is guaranted thanks

C
to its resistance to voltage and current rise.

Dimensions of C7s Rack C7

Advantages

700 • It helps us in installation and maintenance period

thanks to its modular design
• Asset LTC series capacitors
• No additional material is required
• Compensation rack has harmonic filter reactor which
325 protects capacitor from the harmonics.

Technical Characteristics
• Rated Voltage : 380 ... 525 V
460 • Nominal Frequency : 50/60 Hz
• Resonance Frequency : 132 ... 235 Hz
• Switching : Contactors

460 375

665
700

Power (50/60 Hz) Model / Reference Weight (kg)

5 kVAr @525 V 3.125 kVAr @400 V C7-3P-5k-525V 15

10 kVAr @525 V 6.25 kVAr @400 V C7-3P-10k-525V 20

20 kVAr @525 V 12.5 kVAr @400 V C7-3P-20k-525V 30

40 kVAr @525 V 25 kVAr @400 V C7-3P-40k-525V 35

80 kVAr @525 V 50 kVAr @400 V C7-3P-80k-525V 50

120 kVAr @525 V 75 kVAr @400 V C7-3P-120k-525V 80

Above types are our standard models. Please contact for specific request.

50
 Compensation Rack Units
C7s Static Rack Units with Detuned Reactor

C7s series compensation racks provide to customers

different power options with its modular design. Its modular
design provides rapid and effective solutions in installation,
maintenance and system development period. Thyristor
switching provides very fast switching and response
instantly.
Some of facilities have fast changing loads. It means current
level increases/decreases rapidly. When compensating
these type of plants, using contactor is not a good way of
switching because the design of a mechanical contactor is
not suitable for fast switching and fault in a short time. So, C
using thyristor is the best way as a switching equipment.
Electrical safety of plant is guaranted thanks to its
resistance to voltage and current rise.

Dimensions of C7s Rack C7s

Advantages

700 • It helps us in installation and maintenance period

thanks to its modular design
• Asset LTC series capacitors
• Switching on at zero voltage
• Switching off at zero current
325 • Protection against harmonics
• Increase the life time of capacitor
• Fast switching

460 Technical Characteristics

• Rated Voltage : 380 ... 525 V
• Nominal Frequency : 50/60 Hz
• Resonance Frequency : 132 ... 235 Hz
• Switching : Thyristor

460 375

665
700

Power (50/60 Hz) Model / Reference Weight (kg)

5 kVAr @525 V 3.125 kVAr @400 V C7s-3P- 5k -525V 15

10 kVAr @525 V 6.25 kVAr @400 V C7s-3P-10k-525V 20

20 kVAr @525 V 12.5 kVAr @400 V C7s-3P-20k-525V 30

40 kVAr @525 V 25 kVAr @400 V C7s-3P-40k-525V 35

80 kVAr @525 V 50 kVAr @400 V C7s-3P-80k-525V 50

120 kVAr @525 V 75 kVAr @400 V C7s-3P-120k-525V 80

Above types are our standard models. Please contact for specific request.

51
 Capacitor Banks

BC series capacitor banks consist of C5 series compensation

racks and high technology digital reactive power control
relays.
BC series capacitor banks provide customers different
power level options thanks to its racks which have
modular design. That modular design provides rapid and
effective solutions in installation, maintenance and system
development period.
BC series capacitor banks switch on / off the steps softly
C and instantly thanks to high technology digital reactive
power control relays. Relay determines to switch on /
off the capacitors according to the feedback calculations
coming from CT and VT.

Advantages
• Easy montage / maintenance thanks to its modular
design
• Withstand 1.18 x Un over voltage and 1.50 x In over
current thanks to LTC series capacitors
• 5 compensation racks can be put into panel easily
thanks to its efficient cooling system. Its power level
can be raised up to 500 kVAr
• Protection against touching

Technical Characteristics
BC
• Rated Voltage : 400 / 415 / 690 V
• Nominal Frequency : 50 / 60 Hz
• Max. Power for 1 panel : 500 kVAr
• Up to 5 racks in one panel
• Standarts : EN 61439-1/2, EN 60831-1/2,
EN 60076-6, EN 60529,
EN 60255-1, EN 60947-4-1 Dimensions

600 500

AKTiF

2050

Front View Side View

52
 Capacitor Banks
Capacitor Banks with Detuned Harmonic Filters

BF series capacitor banks consist of C7 series compensation

racks and high technology digital reactive power control
relays.
BF series capacitor banks provide customers different
power level options thanks to its racks which have
modular design. That modular design provides rapid and
effective solutions in installation, maintenance and system
development period.
BF series capacitor banks switch on / off the steps softly
and instantly thanks to high technology digital reactive
power control relays. Inrush current limiting features of BF
C
series capacitor banks do not help increasing the inrush
current when capacitor units are switched on.

Advantages
• Easy installation / maintenance thanks to its modular
design
• Withstand 1.18 x Un over voltage and 1.50 x In over
current thanks to Asset LTC series capacitors
• Compensation racks have harmonic filter reactor which
protects capacitors against harmonics

Technical Characteristics
• Nominal Voltage : 400 / 440 / 525 /690 / 960 V
• Nominal Frequency : 50 / 60 Hz BF
• Resonance Frequency : 189 Hz, 210 Hz, 215 Hz (and
optional other frequencies)
• Over Current : 1,5 In
• Standarts : EN 61439-1/2, EN 60831-1/2,
EN 60076-6, EN 60529,
EN 60255-1, EN 60947-4-1
Dimensions

800 600

AKTiF

2050

Front View Side View

53
 Capacitor Banks
Thyristor Controlled Capacitor Banks with Detuned Filters

BFs series thristor controlled capacitor banks are designed

to supply the needed reactive power by allowing switching
very fast according to the need of fast changed loads.
Thyristor switches prevent the inrush currents and the
detuned type harmonic filter reactors are used in series
with the capacitors to prevent the dangerous harmonic
current flows and reduce the harmonic effects.

BFs series fast type capacitor banks have modular design

by using C7s series static compensation racks inside.
C Racks are ready to use with its plug and play design
without necessity to any other component and very easy
to install and increase or to install, to increase the power
of capacitor bank. Furtermore, It protects against touching
voltage, and guarantees the electrical safety of plant due
to over voltage and over current design.

Advantages
• Allows fast reactive power compensation
• Reduces the harmonics
• Increases the life of capacitors and other equipment
like motors, transformers, etc...
• No transient currents occurs
• Safety against touching
• Allows maintanance from the front
• Reduces the maintenance cost
• Long life by using of LTC capacitors and AR reactors
• Allows easy power increase BFs

Technical Characteristics
• Rated Voltage : 380 ... 525 Vac
• Loss factor < 6 W/kVAr Dimensions
• Nominal Frequency : 50 / 60 Hz
• Environment Temperature : -10 … +45 °C
• Switching : by Thyristor switch 800 600
• Switching time < 40 ms
• Applicable Standards : EN 61439-1/2, EN 60831-1/2, EN AKTiF

60076-6, EN 60529, EN 60255-1, EN 60947-4-1

2050

Front View Side View

54
 Shunt Reactor Banks

BR series shunt reactor banks are designed by using SR

series shunt reactors, high technology digital reactive
power control relay, protection and control equipment.

Application areas of the shunt reactor banks are mostly

industrial zones having long transmission line / distribution
cables, subways and light rail systems, etc.

Advantages
• Availability for different voltage and power levels C
• Easy installation at site
• Long maintenance period
• Remote monitoring and controlling with Scada system
• Easy to power increasing with its modular design

Technical Characteristics
• Rated Voltages : up to 1000 Vac
• Nominal Frequency : 50 / 60 Hz
• Max Power for 1 panel : 200 kVAr
• Ambient temperature : -40°C / 55°C
• Applicable Standard : EN 61439 - 1/2
• Mechanical resistance for high short circuit powers

BR

Dimensions

800 600 / 700

AKTiF

2050

Front View Side View

55
 Capacitor Banks
Metal Enclosed Capacitor Banks

SME-CC series Metal Enclosed Capacitor Banks are designed

for indoor applications by using SME series Metal Enclosed
Switchgears which are type tested and certified according
to IEC 62271-200. SME-CC Capacitor Banks are made of
high quality power capacitors, damping or harmonic filter
reactors being used for the following industrial purposes;
- Capacitor Bank applications
- Detuned Harmonic Filter applications
- Tuned Harmonic Filter applications

C SME-CC series Metal Enclosed Capacitor Banks / Filter

Banks are designed in two type as below;
- Fixed for fixed loads like transformers and motors
- Automatic for the changed loads

SME-CC series Metal Enclosed Capacitor Banks / Filter

Banks use Vacuum contactors up to 24 kV voltage level
and Vacuum / SF6 circuit breakers for more voltage level.

SME-CC series Capacitor Banks provide excellent results in

any kind of applications of power factor correction with;
- Reactive power compensation SME-CC
- Harmonic filtration

Advantages
• Modular, compact and robust design optimized for
possible future expansion, facilitating transport, storage
and installation
Technical Characteristics
• Design and testing are carried out in accordance with
the requirements of the latest edition of the relevant • Nominal Voltage : up to 40,5 kV
standards and the specific technical demands of • Nominal Frequency : 50/60 Hz
customers • Nominal Power : on demand
• Ensures high reliability and low maintenance costs
withits simplified design and proven components
usage
• The banks are supplied as fully assembled units,
factory tested and ready for connection

56
 Capacitor Banks
Open Type Capacitor Banks

OBH Series Open Type Capacitor Banks are designed for

indoor applications with high quality power capacitors
and filters or damping reactors on the galvanized steel
construction.

OBH Series Open Type Capacitor Banks are suitable for

applications of transformer fixed bank or motor fixed bank
or multistep central automatic capacitor bank system at
different voltage and frequency.

OBH Series Open Type Capacitor Banks can use for tuned
harmonic filter systems, detuned harmonic filter systems,
C
SVC systems and classical power factor correction systems.

These open type capacitor banks generally install on

outdoor. But if there is enough built area or outdoor area
suitable for install sheet steel kiosk or mono block concrete
kiosk or prefabricated concrete kiosk, there is not any
problem for capacitor banks can be install in kiosks on
outdoor.

Advantages OBH
• Modular, compact and robust design optimized for
easy future expansion of the system, facilitating
transport, storage and installation
• Galvanized steel or aluminum open type construction
available for indoor and outdoor installations
• Design and testing comply with the requirements of
Technical Characteristics
the latest edition of relevant standards and the specific
technical requirements set by the customers • Nominal Voltage : 3 - 170 kV
• Use of simplified design and proven components • Nominal Frequency : 50/60 Hz
ensures high reliability and low maintenance costs • Nominal Power : 250 kVAr … on demand
• The banks are supplied as fully assembled units or • Standards : IEC 60871-1
non-assembled units, after all factory test completed
and ready for connection

57
Smart Grid D
Energy Management Systems.
Systems.....................................................................................................................................................................60
................................................................................................................................................................... 60
Metering and Submetering.
Submetering............................................................................................................................................................................. 63

58
 D
Smart Grid

Energy

Industry

Building

Solar Systems

59
 Energy Management Systems
Actwin Smart Energy Management Software
Actwin Smart is an energy management and AMR software
that automatically gathers data from devices like meters
(electricity, water, gas etc.), analyzers, relays, remote IOs
and prepares reports and invoices.

• Multi language support

• Ability to use commonly used and secure Microsoft
SQL, Oracle databases…
• Distributed structure like “server”, “client”, and “internet”
interface.
• “Server” is the main engine as working at background
and collects data from devices.
• “Client” is the application part which management is
done with interaction to server. Server and client
interfaces are desktop applications.
• “Internet interface” provides, users (like factories) to

D enter the system and monitor consumption, energy

quality and creates reports of their own devices.

Software Modules
• Communication and data validation
• Reporting
• Billing
• Loss/Leakage Detection
• Single-Line Diagram and Map presentation
• Integration with web services
• Alarm Management, SMS and e-mail notification
• Internet interface Communication
• User Management and Inventory
• Authentication Actwin Smart has modular structure to provide different
new protocols to be found in the future. Supported
protocols are listed below.
Communication principle is compatible with “push” and
“pull” structure. Data collection schedule, result saving to
the database schedule can be defined and measurement
parameters that will be read from each device can be
defined independently.
Communication module starts automatically when server
starts as windows service. This prevents users from
accidently closing the data collection application.

Communication Protocols
• IEC 62056-21 Mod C and constant baud rate
• DLMS/Cosem
• Modbus-RTU
• Modbus-TCP/IP
• M-Bus
• Wireless M-Bus

Communication Interfaces
• Serial communication (RS485, RS232)
• GPRS
• M-Bus
• Ethernet
• PLC (DLC)
• RF

60
 Energy Management Systems

Reporting
Reports can be prepared as below with collected data. The
modular structure provides capability to add new reports
to the software when needed. There is no need to upgrade
or modify the software when a new report is requested. All
reports can be exported as MS Excel, MS Word, HTML and
PDF.

• Reporting as a table of all selected device measurements.

Also measurements to be reported can be selected
• Graphic display of desired device measurements
• Multiple device measurements can be drawn on the
same chart
• Measurement points can be compared with algorithms
like consumption, average values etc…
• Active and reactive energy ratio reports for electricity
meters
• Consumption reporting for electricity meters according
D
to energy tariffs
• Distribution network load reports (Transformer, gas
stations)
• Measurement point daily, monthly, and yearly
consumption reports
• Map display, showing the measurement points with
filters (Reactive energy, low consumption, loss/fraud
situations, no communicated points etc…)
• Transformer loss report
• Total consumption of distribution network as monthly Loss/Leakage Detection
and yearly, import/export with comparison between • Loss/Leakage reports can be prepared manually and
time periods automatically. Automatically prepared reports can be
• Defined gas component reports sent to defined person as e-mail
• Natural gas minimum/maximum hourly, daily • Electricity meter parameters (events, current/voltage/
consumption report power/ power factor/phase angle etc…) can be
• Measurement point inventory report monitored continuously and alert operators if an
• Measurement point communication performance report unexpected measurement or ratio is measured
• Water meters low/extreme consumption report • Unexpected consumption differences are detected
between main distribution points and points connected
to that distribution point
• The interventions to meter and panel covers can be
detected and operators can be alerted

Data Validation
Measurements should not be used on invoices and
reports before data validation. For that reason some data
validation methods like below are used
• Checking the measurement in specific limits
• The ratio of measurement according to consumptions
of previous periods consumptions
• The change ratio according to last measurements
• Checking in or not in standard deviation according
to average value of last billing periods
• Check between measurement unit and measurement

Integration
Synchronization to other systems like ERP, accounting,
geographic informative, bank etc… can be provided with
Web Services.

61
 Energy Management Systems

Customer Management and Inventory

Report can be generated from all type records that are
saved in database like defined measurement points,
customers and groups.
• New user and/or measurement point can be defined
without professional skills with copy paste method.
• There is no limit in user defined information on
measurement point and customer cards.
Some predefined information are:
> Customer Number
> User Name
> Address/Parcel Information
> User Type
> Start in operation date
> Authorized Person

D >
>
Contact information like phone, fax, e-mail etc.
GPS coordinates ActWin
• Reports can be taken from these defined information,
and then allowed to be made by grouping, listing and
filtering.

Single-line Diagram Web Interface

• Electrical distribution network can be showed on single- Internet interface has customers monitor their own
line diagrams like SCADA systems and the information consumptions and energy quality parameters. Accessing
of instruments like electrical meters, secondary to interface is done by entering username and password
protection relays on this network can be monitored. and users can only reach their own measurement points.
• Electrical meter’s power-current/voltage values,
secondary protection relay’s on/trip situations and For security, there is no direct connection through the
quality recorder’s power-current/voltage values can be system in internet. There is a safe web service level
monitored with digital and analog instrument display between internet interface and database.
• Gas meters, measurement values, filter impurity • Users can view historical measurement values of their
situations, door/valve situations belong to type B and C own measurement points
stations can be displayed • Users can view common or personal messages from
• Drag and drop supports management
• Infinite number of screens can be created • Natural gas consumers can send to AMR system their
forecasts and check their forecasts reports
• Users may have alerts like reactive penalty, maximum
demand exceeding, minimum and maximum gas
consumption

Authorization
• The roles can be defined with the pre-defined
permissions on system. Users can be defined and roles
can assigned to users
• Operators can make authentication based on
measurement points. They can define which users can
reach to which measurement points

Alarm Management
• Event record on measurement instruments can be
saved and reported on database
• System watches reactive energy consumptions and if
there is a measurement or over the limits, system
informs the users with e-mail and SMS
• E-mail and SMS notification can be saved on database
and reported later

62
 Metering and Submetering
GPRS Communication Unit
Asset NCP12 industrial communication device is used to
monitor and control electricity, water, gas meters and other
control equipment over GSM/GPRS and Ethernet network.
Modem supports commonly use protocols like IEC 62056-
21, DLMS/Cosem, Modbus-RTU, M-Bus (with module) etc.
This enables NCP12 to communicate and transfer read
values to Head-End systems with almost all meters in the
market.
Five different simultaneous connections can be opened to
the modem. Each connection may send and receive from
different serial interfaces like RS485, RS232 and USB. the
connections may even send to the same interface and
modem will queue and process them in timely fashion and
respond to the connection that sent the data.
• Ability to work and notify head-end system for 15
minutes after energy cut off
• Two expansion slots for additional communication and NCP12 D
IO ports
• Wide range ac/dc auxiliary supply.

Technical Characteristics
• ARM Cortex M3 processor, Telit GSM/GPRS module
• 1 MB internal memory
• 85 – 265 Vac, 120 – 370 Vdc auxiliary supply
• 2 pcs digital output (expandable and can be used as
relay output)
• 2 pcs digital input (expandable)
• 25F Super capacitor to notify energy cut off while de-
energized for 15 minutes
• Remote firmware update

63
Medical Power & Control Panels E
Isolated Power Systems...........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Systems........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 66
Isolated Power Panels ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................67
67
Insulation Fault Location Systems...................................................................................................................................................................................
Systems................................................................................................................................................................................... 68
Isolating Transformers.
Transformers.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 69
Changeover Module....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Module.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 70
Operating Theatre Control Panels. Panels.....................................................................................................................................................................................71
...................................................................................................................................................................................71

64
 E
Medical Power &
Theatre Control
Panels

Medical Plants

65
 Isolated Power Systems

Isolated power systems are used in group 2 rooms in

medical locations, and they consist of auxiliary devices
and test combinations such as isolated power panels and
insulation transformer, isolation monitoring device, remote
alarm panels.

When isolation fault occurs with isolated power systems, it

is ensured not to cause the system to energy interruption
by opening protection equipments, to continue medical
electrical equipments to their functions, not to decrease
fault currents to non-critical values and not to live problem
during operating by preventing energy interruption.

Isolation level is monitored continuously in isolated

power systems and converts the fault to alarm signal by
detecting at adjustable level provided that it is not less
than 50 kΩ. The alarm in question takes part on control
panels in operating theatres and on a section where nurse
or technical personnel can easily hear and then control
and intervene it in other rooms by monitoring over two
remote alarm panels. Alarm panels used for the purpose of
remote monitoring take part in room of personnel in duty
or in technical service room.

E Transformer temperature and load current information

out of isolation level is continuously monitored and it is
ensured to detect immediately and to give alarm when it
gets out of nominal values.

The following medical locations are defined as group 2

room in accordance with IEC 60364-7-710 standard and
isolated power system is used in these rooms.

• Operating theatres
• Intensive care rooms
• Operating preparation rooms
• Operating recovery rooms
• Anesthetic rooms
• Heart catheterization rooms
• Angiographic examination rooms
• Premature baby rooms

Advantages & Benefits

• Affecting of personnel and patient from electrical

shock is prevented
• Isolation fault does not cause power interruption.
• Fault current in electrical system is decreased to
levels that are not critic
• Continuity of power for medical locations is provided.
• Electrical fault monitoring is taken under guarantee.
• Fire risk caused by the faulty current is prevented.
• It is ensured to protect high cost medical
equipments against electrical faults
• Examination information obtained at a long of time
vanishes as a result of electrical interruption
• Additional faulty currents are gathered and they are
• prevented to reach critic values
• Suspension for operating is prevented

66
 Isolated Power Panels

These panels are isolated power system having applica-

tions of IT systems in medical locations realizes supply of
each group 2 room in compliance with IEC 60364-7-710
standard. Isolated power panel which are equipped with
the most important equipment of the system such as isola-
tion transformers and isolation monitoring device provides
supply of electric equipments in group 2 rooms, wall plugs
of devices supplying life support and of critical loads, op-
erating control panel, operation lamp and similar lamps.
All the aforementioned loads are protected against short
circuit current by using double-pole fuses in accordance
with IT system. Although isolated power panels have their
own cooling system, it removes warm-up problem thanks
to effective air circulation.

Technical Specifications

Brand name AKTİF

Type IGP 0710/1P-XX

Standards IEC 60364-7-710:

E
Rated power of outgoing 3.15 / 4 / 5 / 6.3 / 8 /10 kVA

Power supply unit Double single phase

Rated voltage 230 Vac

Rated frequency 50 / 60 Hz

Rated insulation level 3 kV / 1 min

Input protection gL fuse

Secondary output voltage 230 Vac

Output protection 2-pole fuses

IGP
Monitoring isolation resistance with LCD
display

Alarm output isolation fault, excessive load,

excessive temperature

Functional Test advanced isolation fault

Leakage current to enclosure < 0,5 mA

Response range 50 - 500 kΩ

Isolation fault detection time <1s

Operating temperature -5........+50 °C

Storage temperature -25......+60 °C

Panel sizes 410x430x1750 mm

Distribution outlet 6-12-18 pieces as standard

Cooling system With fan

Protection class IP 31

Color RAL 7035 / RAL 9003

67
 Insulation Fault Location Systems

Insulation fault location in IT systems

In medical locations, IT systems with insulation monitoring
are intended to supply medical electrical equipment. That
ensures reliable power supply, even when a first fault
occurs. In addition a fast location and elimination of the isoMED427P

insulation fault is required. AN450

Particularly in the view of the variety of electrical ES107

STW2

L1
equipment (e. g. socket outlet circuits) used in intensive L2

care units, insulation fault location is disruptive and

costly in terms of time and money. The insulation fault
location system is the modular solution for this problem. EDS151

It facilitates precise localisation of insulation faults

without disruption to the operation of the power system.

SEB

Advantages:
• Insulation fault location during operation
• Fast localisation of faulty circuits/equipments
• Reduced maintenance costs
• Central indication via LC text display at remote alarm
• indicator and operator panels

System functions:
• Indication of faulty branch circuits
• Easily retrofitting with existing installations due to the
• modular design
• Measuring current transformers in different sizes and
designs
• Up to 528 sub circuits can be monitored
• Communication via two-wire connection
• Universally applicable for all IT systems

68
 Isolating Transformers

IT 0710 medical isolating transformers are designed

compatible with IEC 60364-7-710 standards for power
supply of single phase IT systems and produced in
accordance with EN 61558-2-15 standards. Constant angles
are isolated from transformer core thanks to a static
display placed among primary and secondary coils. Asset
medical isolating transformers having galvanic isolated
coils provide possibility of monitoring of temperature
thanks to PTC thermistors placed into coils. Asset medical
isolating transformers designed at 6 different power value
between 3,15...10 kVA have high excessive load capacities.

General Features
Type IT 0710

Power range 3.15 / 4 / 5 / 6.3 / 8 / 10 kVA

Frequency 50 / 60 Hz IT 0710

Primary Voltage 230 Vac

Windings Al, Cu

Secondary Voltage 230 / 115 Vac

E
Inrush current (ıe) < 12.In

Leakage current < 0,5 mA

No-load input current (Io) < 3%

No-load output current (Uo) < 236 V

C
Short-circut voltage (Uk) < 3%

Max ambient temp 40 C

Protection class IP 21 (optional)

Isolation class B (120) , F (155) , H (180) °C

Cooling Air cooling

Standarts TS HD 603647-710,
O F1 D E
TS EN 61558-2-15
A B

Wiring Diagram Dimension

IT 0710 Diagram IT 0710

Size and Weights

TYPE A(mm) B(mm) C(mm) D(mm) E(mm) F(mm) G(mm) Weight(kg) Power
IT 0710-3,15 265 195 325 200 155 8,5x17 220 51 3,15 kVA

IT 0710-4 280 195 370 240 155 8,5x17 220 57 4 kVA

IT 0710-5 280 205 325 240 165 8,5x17 230 61 5 kVA

IT 0710-6,3 280 220 325 240 180 8,5x17 245 65 6,3 kVA

IT 0710-8 280 235 325 240 195 8,5x17 260 74 8 kVA

IT 0710-10 320 235 420 270 195 8,5x17 280 100 10 kVA

69
 Changeover Modules

CTS 710 Changeover modules are used for transfering

power source between two independent sources in order
to provide continuous energy flow for critical loads.

Generally, independent sources are uninterruptable

power source (UPS) and mains power. In normal
operation, critical loads are supplied from the mains
power as the primary. When there is a problem with
the primary source like low/high voltage or blackout,
transfer relays detect the failure and automatically
transfer the source to a secondary supply.

Automatic transfer relays are often used in suppling

medical loads in hospitals especially the equipment that
are used in operating theatres and intensive care rooms
but could be used in any place where constant power is
vital. CTS 710

Electrical Specifications
Auxiliary Voltage 220 VAC ± %25

Mechanical Specifications

E
Height 90 mm

Width 152 mm

Depth 60 mm

Weight 420 gr

Mechanical Protection Class IP 20

Environmental Conditions Advantages

Relative Humudity % 20-90 Condensing • Switching between independent sources
Operating Altitude 2000m Maximum
• LCD Screen
• Selected source priority
Operating Temperature 0 °C / + 45 °C • Automatically and manually transfer
Standarts • Fast dioagnastic solution by microprosser control
• Easy maintenance and installation facility
EN 60947-6-1 • High efficiency
IEC 60364-7-710 • RS 485 Serial Communication port

70
 Operating Theatre Control Panels
OCP Series

OCP Series Operating Control Panels are contemporary

and reliable devices, designed for maintaining the most
comfortable environment possible both for patient and
surgery team and the most suitable working conditions
required in the surgery room.

All electrical controls can be done manually via OCP Series

Operating Room Control Panel’s screen. Another feature
is performing all data exchange required for automation,
and solely undertake all automation tasks even in non-
central automated environments.

OCP-9 Panels allow operation of the four different armature

groups separately such as; turning on/off and controlling
the operation lamp, Negatoscope control, music broadcast
channels, Hands Free phone, SIP-Phone, medical gas alarm
indicator, temperature, humidity, hepa filter pollution,
differential room pressure indicator and hour-chronometer
features as integrated in the panel.

E
OCP-10

OCP-11 OCP-21

71
 OCP-9 OCP-10

OCP-9 provides many advantages to a user with its “Smart All electrical controls required in the operating room can
Care” supervision feature with 7” resistive touch screen be manually performed by the OCP-10 Operating Theatre
which is easy to clean. Control Panel having 21.5” capacitive touch screen, IP65
protection standard. OCP-10 includes 4 latching relays to

E All electrical controls can be manually performed on the 7”

touch screen, desired values can be displayed as integrated
provide continuity of lighting. In addition, LINUX based
Operating Theatre Control Panel is able to exchange data
into air conditioning automation. Communication with high- via ModBus to the building automation systems.
quality audio provided by the digital audio processor with
the hands-free phone through the same touch-screen is also OCP-10 Technical Specifications
available.
• 21.5” Capacitive touch screen
• DIN 4301 stainless steel front panel
OCP-9 Technical Specifications
• LINUX based operating system
• DIN 4301 stainless steel front panel • RS-485, Modbus RTU master/slave communication
• 7” Resistive touch screen interfaces
• Smart Care warning system • Scada integration
• General lightning control • Smart Care warning system
• Operation lamp control • General lightning control
• Negatoscope control • Time and chronometer (NTP Time Synchronisation)
• UV lamp control • Operation light control
• Busy lamp control • Negatoscope control
• Time and Chronometer (NTP Time Synchronisation) • UV control
• Four channel music broadcasting system • Medical gas alarm integrated to panel
• 3 Watt powered audio amplifier • Four channel music broadcasting system
• External speaker support • External speaker support
• Medical gas alarm integrated to panel • 12 Watt powered hi-fi audio amplifier
• Temperature, humidity, hepa filter pollution, • 10W internal speaker
diffirential room pressure indicator • Hands-Free analogue telephone
• Hands-Free analogue telephone • Telephone book feature
• AGS (Anaesthetic Gas Discharge ) button • Electrical interruption protection with latching in-rush
• Operating status: on / off information relay
• Event recording and system status • Temperature, humidity, hepa filter pollution, room
• Lightning dimmer control differential pressure indicator
• Temperature and humidity information outputs • AGS (Anaesthetic Gas Discharge ) button
• Electrical heater (automatic) control • Operating status: on / off information
• Embedded assembly • Event recording and system status
• Front panel dimensions: 600mm x 410mm • Lightning dimmer control
• Assembly dimensions: 585mm x 385mm x 110mm • Temperature and humidity information outputs
• Electrical heater (automatic) control
• Embedded assembly
• Front panel dimensions: 600mm x 410mm
• Assembly dimensions: 580mm x 380mm x 110mm

72
OCP-11
All electrical controls required in the operating room can
be manually performed by the OCP-11 Operating Theatre
Control Panel having 21.5” capacitive touch screens, IP65
protection standard.

In addition, LINUX based Operating Theatre Control Panel

is able to exchange data via Modbus to the building
automation systems. Besides there are some additional
features like SCADA Integration, SIP-Phone in OCP-11.

OCP-11 allows the user to start operation with pre-

configured customizable input profiles. Enhances the
comfort of the operation by new designed hi-fi amplifier
with more vibrant, high-quality and louder voice level.

OCP-11 minimizes accidents in the field with analog input/

output protections.
OCP-11
OCP-11 Technical Specifications
• 21.5” Capacitive touch screen
• LINUX based operating system
• RS-485, Modbus RTU master/slave communication
interfaces
• Scada Integration
• Smart Care warning system
E
• Customizable login profiles
• General lightning control
• Time and chronometer (Central hour integration) • Four channel music broadcasting system
• Operation light control • MP3 feature
• Negastoscope control • Hands-Free VoIP phone
• UV control • Telephone book feature
• Medical gas alarm indicator • 15 Watt powered hi-fi audio amplifier
• 13W internal speaker
• External 8 ohms speaker support
• Electrical interruption protection with latching in-rush
relay
• Temperature, humidity, hepa filter pollution, differential
room pressure indicator
• AGS (Anaesthetic Gas Discharge ) button
• Operation on / off information
• Event recording and system status
• Lightning dimmer control
• Temperature and humidity information outputs
• Electrical heater (automatic) control
• Easy software update with USB key
• Embedded assembly
• Front panel dimensions: 660mm x 460mm
• Assembly dimensions: 640mm x 435mm x 125mm

73
 OCP-21
OCP-21 Operating Control Panel is a contemporary
and reliable device, designed for maintaining the most
comfortable environment possible both for patient and
the surgery team and most suitable working conditions
required in the surgery room.

All electrical controls required in the operating room can

be manually performed by the OCP-21 Operating Theatre
Control Panel having 21.5” capacitive touch screen with IP65
protection standard. In addition, LINUX based Operating
Theatre Control Panel is able to exchange data via ModBus
and TCP/IP to the building automation systems. Besides
SCADA Integration, Internet access, Gesture sensor, PDF
creation, IP phone, Ethernet, MP3 and USB connection
features of the panel, the camera allows online video and
voice streaming over the web.

Customizable inputs, 6-channel music broadcast input,

external speaker support, voice command system, MP3
OCP-21
player, increased voice output to improve the comfort of
the operation.

It offers the ability to communicate via VoIP and video

E conferencing over Skype platform.

While maintaining the safety of the device with analog • 6 channel music broadcast channel selection
input / output protection, it provides remote online live • 15 Watt power amplifier, music volume adjustment
support with TeamViewer in case of any failure which may • 13 Watt internal speaker
occur. • External speaker support
• Digital clock and chronometer (ascending and
OCP-21 Technical Specifications descending counter), central clock integration
• Analog input/output protections
• LINUX based operating system
• 10 channel medical gas alarm panel
• DIN 4301 stainless steel front panel
• 0-10V automation outputs for temperature and humidity
• 21.5 inch capacitive touch screen
levels
• RS-485, Modbus RTU master/slave, TCP/IP
• Integration to different automation systems via
communication interfaces, external RS232 and CanBus
customizable voltage / current options for analog inputs
support
• Temperature, humidity, differential room pressure, hepa
• Voice control
filter pollution monitoring and setting, audible and
• Scada and PACS Integration
minous warning when set value is exceeded
• HBYS/PIMS over the web
• Voice notification buttons to disable undesirable alarm
• Internet access
notifications
• Hands-FreeVoIP phone, video conference over VoIP
• Operating status: on /off information, operating room
• Hands-Free analog phone
busy lamp sign
• Telephone book feature
• Damper open/close manual control, flow control
• Camera, MP3, USB features
• AGS (Anaesthetic Gas Discharge ) button
• PDF viewer
• Sending information to automation by 8 analog 0-10V
• Customizable user profiles with macro function buttons
outputs and 8 digital input/outputs
• 3 line general lighting control
• Event recording and system status
• Power failure protection by latching in-rush relay
• Embedded assembly
• Control of Operation, UV, Busy, Negatoscope light
• Front panel dimensions: 660mm x 460mm
• Lighting and negatoscope intensity controls between
• Assembly dimensions: 640mm x 435mm x 125mm
0% to 100%

74
 OCP Series Comparison Chart

MODEL

Physical OCP - 9 OCP - 10 OCP - 11 OCP - 21

7 inch resistive touch screen - - -

21.5 inch capacitive touch screen -

DIN 4301 stainless steel front panel

Monitoring & Control

General lighting control

Operation, Negatoscope, UV, Busy sign control

Dimmer control

Operating on / off information

Electrical heater (automatic) control

Temperature, humidity, hepa filter pollution, room differential pressure

indicator

AGSS (Anesthetic Gas Scavenging Systems)

Electrical interruption protection with latching in-rush relay -

Analog input / output protections - -

Voice Recognition & Control - - -

Customizable login profiles for surgery, cleaning and service

Communication
- - 6 profiles 6 profiles
E
Ethernet connections 1 1 2 2

Modbus-TCP/IP Communication - - -

Scada Integration with Modbus RTU -

Gas alarm panel communication with Modbus-RTU

Audio

Audio Channels 4 4 4 6

Internal speaker

Audio amplifier for external speakers 3W 12W 15W 15W

USB MP3 Player - -

Phone

Hands-Free Analogue telephone -

Hands-Free VoIP phone - -

Telephone book feature -

Video Conference over VoIP - - -

Skype - - -

Multimedia

Internet access with Browser - - -

PDF viewer - - -

Synchronization

PACS Integration - - -

NTP Clock Synchronization

Support

Event recording and system status

Teamviewer Support (Remote Support) - - -

Easy USB Software Upgrade - -

75
Traction Power System F
Traction Rectifiers..................................................................................................................................................................................................
Rectifiers.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 78
Feeder Cubicle..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Cubicle.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 79
Disconnector Cubicles........................................................................................................................................................................................
Cubicles........................................................................................................................................................................................80 80
Voltage Limiting Device.
Device...................................................................................................................................................................................... 81
Disconnecting Units.
Units..............................................................................................................................................................................................82
............................................................................................................................................................................................ 82
Traction Transformers.
Transformers........................................................................................................................................................................................ 83

76
 F
Traction Power
System

Traction

77
 Traction Rectifiers

The hearth of the DC Traction Power Supply Systems is

the Rectifier which is the Power converter responsible to
transform the Alternate current into Direct Current used to
feed the trains.

COET NCR cubicle includes a wide range of Rectifiers which

satisfy the strictest requirements of an Electric Traction
project and is following the latest EN 50328 and IEC60146
International standards.

The power conversion takes place by means of diode

Graetz bridges with natural air cooling.

The cubicle consists of a self-standing frame with steel

plates of suitable thickness and mechanical strength with
suitable reinforcing ribs and folds; the surfaces of the
framework are covered both internally and externally with
double layer painting with "orange peel " finishing, to
guarantee a better durability.

Cooling system is AN (air natural): each power silicon

diode is cooled on both sides by aluminum heat sinks. The
efficient cooling system allows diodes low temperature T-RECT
and reduced loss granting high reliability and long life of
the rectifier.

Main Technical Data Main Features

• Segregated compartment for Power and Low Voltage
F
Reference standards
EN 50123 • Bridges Connection: series or parallel
IEC 61992 • With or without fuses for short circuit protection
750 V 1500 V 3000 V • Diode Diagnostic unit (OPTIONAL)
• Interphase reactor (OPTIONAL)
Nominal voltage UN 750 V 1500 V 3000 V
• Np+1 or Np‐1 Diode redundancy (OPTIONAL)
Maximum permanent voltage Umax1 900 V 1800 V 3600 V • RC overvoltage protection
Maximum not permanent voltage Umax2 950 V 1950 V 3900 V
• Execution fixed or withdrawable with manual or
motorized truck (OPTIONAL)
Rated insulation voltage UNm 1,8 kV 3 kV 4,8 kV • Duty Class up to class VI
Rated impulse voltage UNI • AC input from top or bottom
— to earth and between the poles 15 kV 20 kV 40 kV • DC Outgoing from top or bottom
— across an isolating distance 18 kV 24 kV 48 kV • Front Access only, for use in reduced depth substation
like container (OPTIONAL)
Industrial frequency voltage Ua
— to earth and between poles 6,9 kV 9,2 kV 18,5 kV
— on the disconnecting distance 8,3 kV 11 kV 22,2 kV
— auxiliary circuits 2 kV 2 kV 2 kV

up to up to 6 up to 6
Nominal power
4,5 MW MW MW

up to up to up to
Nominal current
6000 A 4000 A 2000A

Peak inverse voltage of diode 2600 V 4500 V 4500 V

up to up to up to
Overload class class class
VI VI VI

78
 Feeder Cubicles

Metal Clad Feeder HSCB Cubicles are designed for Railway

application with the switching capacity of 750/1500/3000
V DC up to 10.000 A.

In DC Power supply system Feeder Cubicle is used:

• to feed and to protect a DC line section of a traction

system for Metro, tramway or trolleybus (Feeder).
• as back‐up to the main Feeder Cubicle (By‐pass)
• for Rectifier protection and for feeding the omnibus
bars (Incoming)

The cubicle consists of a self-standing frame and steel

plates of suitable thickness and mechanical strength with
reinforcing ribs and folds. The surfaces are covered both
internally and externally with double layer painting with
"orange peel" finishing, to guarantee a better durability.

Cubicle consists of 4 segregated sections:

• HSCB compartment
• Omnibus bus‐bar compartment
• Outgoing cables compartment NCA
• Low voltage compartment

Main Technical Data Main Features

• 4 segregated compartments for: Low Voltage
F
Reference standards
EN 50123 equipment, HSCB, Omnibus bar and cables
IEC 61992 • HSCB and Test Equipment placed on withdrawable
750 V 1500 V 3000 V truck (optionally motor driven) for easy maintenance
with 3 positions (Service, disconnected/Test and
Nominal voltage UN 750 V 1500 V 3000 V
removed)
Maximum permanent voltage Umax1 900 V 1800 V 3600 V • Multifunction Protective relay and PLC.
Maximum not permanent voltage Umax2 950 V 1950 V 3900 V
• Interlocking system customizable on request.
• Line and Earthing switch (optional)
Rated insulation voltage UNm 1,8 kV 3 kV 4,8 kV • By‐pass bus bar with Disconnector (optional).
Rated impulse voltage UNI • AFLR Internal arc protection feature (70/100 kA, 250
— to earth and between the poles 15 kV 20 kV 40 kV ms) (optional)
— across an isolating distance 18 kV 24 kV 48 kV • Outgoing cables from top or bottom
• Front access only for use in reduced depth TPS like
Industrial frequency voltage Ua
container (optional)
— to earth and between poles 6,9 kV 9,2 kV 18,5 kV
— on the disconnecting distance 8,3 kV 11 kV 22,2 kV
— auxiliary circuits 2 kV 2 kV 2 kV

up to up to up to
Nominal current
8000 A 8000 A 8000A

up to up to up to
Bus Bar current
12 kA 12 kA 12 kA

up to up to up to
HSCB
8000 A 8000 A 8000 A

up to up to up to
Short circuit current INSS
85 kA 85 kA 85 kA

up to up to up to
Short circuit current pick value ÎNss
125 kA 125 kA 125 kA

79
 Disconnector Cubicles

In DC Traction Power Supply Systems, the disconnecting

cubicles can be used for different functions:

• Two Poles or Positive and Negative Disconnectors are

installed downstream the rectifier to isolate Omnibus
Busbars from Rectifier itself.
• Parallel or By‐Pass disconnector are installed between
two rectifier units to grant an adequate service
continuity in case of out of service of one of the two
rectifiers. COET NCD disconnecting Cubicles line offers
an ideal compact solution cost effective and versatile
to satisfy the most complex projects.

The cubicle consists of a self-standing frame and steel

plates of suitable thickness and mechanical strength with
reinforcing ribs and folds, the surfaces are covered both
internally and externally with double layer painting with
"orange peel " finishing to guarantee a better durability.

Cubicle consists of 3 segregated sections:

• Disconnectors compartment
• Busbars compartment (OPTIONAL)
LBD
• Low voltage compartment

Main Technical Data Main Features

F Nominal voltage UN
750 V

750 V
1500 V

1500 V
3000 V

3000 V
• Segregated compartments for disconnectors
• Segregated low voltage compartment including
measurements protective relay and PLC for SCADA
Maximum permanent voltage 900 V 1800 V 3600 V
connection in cable or fiber optic
Maximum not permanent voltage 1 kV 1,95 kV 3,9 kV • Motor or manual operated disconnectors with manual
Rated insulation voltage 1,8 kV 3 kV 4,8 kV
emergency operations
• Disconnectors main contact position visibility
Rated impulse voltage • Voltage presence relays, earth fault relay and surge
— to earth and between the poles 15 kV 20 kV 40 kV arrestors
— across an isolating distance 18 kV 24 kV 48 kV • Cable connections from top or bottom
Industrial frequency voltage • Front access only for use in reduced depth TPS like
— to earth and between poles 6,9 kV 9,2 kV 18,5 kV container (OPTIONAL)
— on the disconnecting distance 8,3 kV 11 kV 22,2 kV • Current and voltage measurement and protection relay
— auxiliary circuits 2 kV 2 kV 2 kV

up to up to up to
Nominal current
8000 A 8000 A 8000 A

up to up to up to
Short‐time withstand current
85kA 85kA 85kA

up to up to up to
Short‐circuit current peak
125kA 125kA 125kA

80
 Voltage Limiting Device

In a DC Traction System, the return circuit (negative) shall

usually have a high insulation level against the Earth to
limit stray currents phenomena. In case of dangerous
overvoltage, the return circuit shall be short‐circuited to
earth. For this purpose, a voltage limiting device shall be
installed on each negative path.

COET Voltage limiting Device is fully in compliance with

EN50526‐2 standard, the most severe class (class 4) and
with EN 50122‐1/2 which define all the applicable and
operating criteria.

Different executions available for indoor, outdoor or inside

panel mounting. Available for 750 Vdc, 1500Vdc o 3000Vdc
system, up to 100 KA short‐circuit capability

• 7" Graphical Touch Screen Display

• Programmable single line diagram
• Voltage and Current Measurements
• USB port for Setting and Data Download/Upload
• Ethernet port RJ45 for SCADA System interface
• MODBUS or IEC61850 communication protocol
• Data Recording: events and oscillographic LBR
• Main contact visibility
• Emergency manual operation of electromechanical
switch
• Key lock for maintenance

Main Technical Data Main Components

Reference standards
EN 50122‐1/2
• A Thyristor static switch (SCR) with direct trigger
command board to satisfy the instantaneous closing F
EN 50526‐2 (<10ms) in case of fault. Trip Level can be set at 300 or
Rated voltage 750 V 1500 V 3000 V 600 V
• A mechanical short‐circuit device (MTA) with Making
Rated insulation voltage 900 V 1800 V 3600 V
and Breaking Capacity capable to close on to fault
Rated impulse withstand voltage current higher than the maximum short-circuits
— Beetween contacts and earth 15 kV 20 kV 40 kV current of the system (35‐50‐ 100 kA) and to carry
— Across isolating distance 18 kV 24 kV 48 kV continuously 1.000 A current, thus granting the proper
Power‐frequency withstand voltage
operation in safe condition
— Beetween contacts and earth 6,9 kV 9,2 kV 18,5 kV
• A voltage transducer (TIM‐V) measuring and
— Across isolating distance 8,3 kV 11 kV 22,2 kV
discriminating AC and DC voltages
— Auxiliary circuits 2 kV 2 kV 2 kV
• A hall effect sensor (64‐H) to measure the fault current
and to manage the auto reclosing function of the
Breaking capacity 900 A 900 A 900 A electromechanical device locking it in closed position
50 or 50 or 50 or in case of current flowing between negative and earth
Highest peak making current
100 kA 100 kA 100 kA • A state‐of‐the‐art digital protective relay (UA‐VL)
allowing two different operating modes:
50 or 50 or 50 or
Short‐time withstand current peak vakue a) Definite trip time: N°2 AC Overvoltage and N°2 DC
100 kA 100 kA 100 kA
Overvoltage levels with voltage and time thresholds
settable independently. In this operating mode the
above voltage/time curves are approximated in two
steps
b) Inverse trip time: Trip time values are related
continuously to the voltage measured according
to the curves shown in the above picture therefore
perfectly replicates the requirements of the standard.
• A graphical touch screen display (CPR‐VL) to manage
all the functions of the LBR device

81
 Disconnecting Units

In DC Traction Substations one disconnector or Load break

switch is normally installed downstream each High Speed
Circuit Breaker thus allowing, in case of failure, to isolate
the circuit breaker granting the safety of the system. The
configuration is then completed by a by‐pass or parallel
disconnector switch connecting two feeders and allowing
to grant the service continuity in case of failure of one
circuit breaker. This disconnector is normally on‐load and
motorized for remote control.

To satisfy these requirements COET developed a modular

line of Disconnecting panels which offers a very versatile
and cost-efficient solution for different requirements.

COET can also offer a wide line of disconnecting cubicles

for depot & track side for indoor & outdoor execution metal
or fiberglass.

COET cubicles consist of one or more preassembled Metal

or Fiberglass compartments. Each compartment is fully
segregated against the adjacent ones to allow maintenance
on individual disconnector, switch disconnector, incoming
and outgoing cables whilst the other parts are energized.
LBS
Any fault of one component will be isolated thus not
affecting other components.

F Main Technical Data Main Components

750 V 1500 V 3000 V Local control of disconnectors is always possible in
Nominal voltage UN 750 V 1500 V 3000 V safe way from Front Panel thanks to electrical and
electromechanical interlocks made on purpose.
Maximum permanent voltage 900 V 1800 V 3600 V

Maximum not permanent voltage 1 kV 1,95 kV 3,9 kV • Segregated compartment for each Disconnector and/
Rated insulation voltage 1,8 kV 3 kV 4,8 kV
or Load Break Switch and for each incoming/outgoing
cable
Rated impulse voltage • Withdrawable execution of disconnectors (OPTIONAL)
— to earth and between the poles 15 kV 20 kV 40 kV • Segregated Low Voltage compartment including
— across an isolating distance 18 kV 24 kV 48 kV protective relay and PLC for SCADA connection in cable
Industrial frequency voltage or fiber optic
— to earth and between poles 6,9 kV 9,2 kV 18,5 kV • Motor or manual operated Switches with manual
— on the disconnecting distance 8,3 kV 11 kV 22,2 kV emergency operation
— auxiliary circuits 2 kV 2 kV 2 kV • Main contact position visibility
• Voltage presence relays and surge arresters
up to up to up to
Nominal current (OPTIONAL)
8000 A 8000 A 8000 A
• Earth fault relay (F64) (OPTIONAL)
Short‐time withstand current
up to up to up to • Indoor or outdoor execution (up to IP66)
85kA 85kA 85kA • Internal arc proof execution (53 / 75 kA for 250ms)
up to up to up to
Short‐circuit current peak
125kA 125kA 125kA

82
 Traction Transformers
Cast Resin Traction Transformers

Tesar cast resin-insulated transformers can be used

for different applications, such as power distribution,
as converter solutions for industry, solar power plants
and wind power plants, and for traction purposes. The
eco design, which meets and exceeds all EU 548/2014
regulations, means we can support you on your way
towards a sustainable future

More than 100.000 units running worldwide: this is the

business card of Tesar. Since 1979, Tesar is in the market with
its own Design, Quality and R&D, improving continuously. In
1983 Tesar was the first to study and test the fire condition
behavior.

In 2004 Tesar was one of the very first manufactures

worldwide to reach E2 C2 F1 qualification (Environmental,
Climatic and Fire test) and in 2013 to qualify E3 condition
for transformer installations in windmills. And still in 2014,
ahead of the standard, the transformer electrical behavior
after F1 fire test was successfully verified.

2014 ended with passing a test exceeding the C2 standards:

Storage and transport up to -50°C.

TRP

Rated power: 100 kVA to 20 MVA

Rated highest voltage: up to 52 kV

6-Pulse, 12-Pulse, 18-Pulse and 24-Pulse Rectifier

transformers suitable for traction and industrial
applications.
F
Description and Characteristics

1. Auxiliary terminal box

2. PT 100 or PTC sensors in the LV windings
3. MV connections
4. MV tap changer
5. Magnetic core frame
6. LV connections
7. Lifting eyes
8. MV windings
9. Magnetic core
10. LV windings
11. Carriage with bi-dşrectional wheels

83
 White…
Color of the beginning…
White, color of the purity, honesty and clarity…

Color of the stability and continuity, trust and quality…

Since 2010, we decided to apply white color which symbolizes

all of these values to all of our products.

AGC - General Catalog 20200814/Eng.

Group of Companies

Headquarters Switchgear Factory Resistor Factory

Bayraktar Blv. Şehit sk. No: 5 Aktif Plaza Akşemsettin Mh. Çatalca sk. No:113 Pirahmetler Mh. D-100 Yanyol cd.
34775 Ümraniye İstanbul / Turkey 06930 Sincan Ankara / Turkey No:78/A Erenler 54200 - Sakarya / Turkey
Tel : +90 (216) 314 93 20 Tel : +90 (312) 269 46 02 Tel : +90 (264) 276 64 50
Fax : +90 (216) 314 93 60 Fax : +90 (312) 269 45 01 Fax : +90 (264) 276 64 52
www.aktif.net - info@aktif.net www.aktif.net - info@aktif.net www.aktif.net - info@aktif.net